acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid profile

acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	11168203
CHEMBL ID	237111
CHEBI ID	166842
SCHEMBL ID	23610472
MeSH ID	M0248808

Synonym
acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid
CHEBI:166842
67416-61-9
(3r,4r,4ar,6ar,6bs,8ar,11r,12s,12ar,14ar,14bs)-3-acetyloxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid
akba
3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid
acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid
akba cpd
ackba
CURATOR_000001
acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, boswellia serrata
3-o-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid
bdbm50241262
(3r,4r,4ar,6ar,6bs,8ar,11r,12s,12ar,14ar,14bs)-3-acetoxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid
3alpha-acetoxy-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid
CHEMBL237111 ,
3alpha-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid
unii-bs16qt99q1
bs16qt99q1 ,
S9024
acetyl-11-keto-.beta.-boswellic acid
(3.alpha.,4.beta.)-3-(acetyloxy)-11-oxours-12-en-23-oic acid
3-acetyl-11-keto-.beta.-boswellic acid
3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid [usp-rs]
3.alpha.-acetyl-11-keto-.beta.-boswellic acid
3-o-acetyl-11-keto-.beta.-boswellic acid
3.alpha.-acetoxy-11-oxo-12-ursen-24-oic acid
3-acetyl-11-keto-.beta.-boswellic acid (constituent of boswellia serrata) [dsc]
acetyl-11-oxo-.beta.-boswellic acid
urs-12-en-23-oic acid, 3-(acetyloxy)-11-oxo-, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)-
11-keto-.beta.-boswellic acid acetate
CS-3736
HMMGKOVEOFBCAU-BCDBGHSCSA-N
acetyl-11-keto-b-boswellic acid
AC-34814
HY-N0892
mfcd03788777
3alpha-acetoxy-11-oxo-12-ursen-24-oic acid
AKOS026670207
3-o-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, analytical standard
3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
3-o-acetyl-11-keto-\|a-boswellic acid; acetyl-11-keto-\|a-boswellic acid
acetyl-11-keto--boswellic acid
CCG-269792
3-o-acetyl-11-keto-b-boswellic acid
Q27274850
3-acetyl-11-keto-ss-boswellic acid
acetyl-11-keto- beta -boswellic acid, boswellia serrata
DTXSID601303401
SCHEMBL23610472
NCGC00482913-02
3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (constituent of boswellia serrata)
3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (usp-rs)
acetyl-11-oxo-beta-boswellic acid
(3alpha,4beta)-3-(acetyloxy)-11-oxours-12-en-23-oic acid

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The acute oral LD50 of Aflapin was greater than 5000 mg/kg in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats."	( Safety and toxicological evaluation of Aflapin: a novel Boswellia-derived anti-inflammatory product. Krishnaraju, AV; Machiraju, G; Sengupta, K; Sundararaju, D; Suryachandra, R; Trimurtulu, G; Vamsikrishna, U, 2010)	0.36
" No serious adverse events were reported."	( A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Majeed, M; Majeed, S; Nagabhushanam, K; Narayanan, NK, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This paper describes the comparisons in plasma pharmacokinetic behaviors of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) in FRA and its processed products, and their effects on coagulation factors and blood clotting tetrachoric, using an acute cold blood-stasis animal model after oral administration of FRA, SFF, and VPF."	( Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Hua, HM; Liang, XX; Liu, XQ; Meng, DY; Niu, LY; Pan, YN; Tong, X; Wang, YN; Zheng, J, 2015)	0.42
"For pharmacokinetic study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, including group FRA, group SFF and group VPF."	( Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Hua, HM; Liang, XX; Liu, XQ; Meng, DY; Niu, LY; Pan, YN; Tong, X; Wang, YN; Zheng, J, 2015)	0.42
" This method was successfully tested to a pharmacokinetic (PK) study for estimation of AKBA and acetyl-11-hydroxy-BA in rat plasma following oral administration of AKBA."	( A Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) and its Active Metabolite Acetyl-11-Hydroxy-β-Boswellic Acid (Ac-11-OH-BA) in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Jana, S; Sharma, T, 2020)	0.56
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of the representative components absorbed into the blood were compared between XJP&B and XJP&W by the pharmacokinetics study method, in order to determine the dynamic changes of the representative components in rats."	( Analysis of the pharmacodynamic difference between Xiaojin Pills taken with Chinese Baijiu and water based on serum pharmacochemistry and pharmacokinetics. Deng, X; Han, L; Liao, W; Lin, J; Song, J; Xu, R; Zhang, D, 2023)	0.91
" The pharmacokinetic study results of representative components demonstrated that the mean plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters of muscone, aconitine, and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid were significantly different between XJP&B and XJP&W."	( Analysis of the pharmacodynamic difference between Xiaojin Pills taken with Chinese Baijiu and water based on serum pharmacochemistry and pharmacokinetics. Deng, X; Han, L; Liao, W; Lin, J; Song, J; Xu, R; Zhang, D, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" serrata extract may be enhanced by increasing the bioavailability of AKBA."	( Metabolism of boswellic acids in vitro and in vivo. Abdel-Tawab, M; Bahr, U; Daneshfar, R; Eckert, GP; Karas, M; Klein, J; Krüger, P; Müller, WE; Schubert-Zsilavecz, M; Volmer, DA, 2008)	0.35
" In continuation of the tests investigating the factors limiting bioavailability of boswellic acids, the present study examined the permeability of KBA and AKBA in human Caco-2 cell lines."	( Permeation of Boswellia extract in the Caco-2 model and possible interactions of its constituents KBA and AKBA with OATP1B3 and MRP2. Abdel-Tawab, M; Fricker, G; Hummel, J; Kanzer, J; Krüger, P; Schubert-Zsilavecz, M, 2009)	0.35
" Unfortunately, the poor bioavailability of AKBA following oral administration might limit the anti-inflammatory efficacy of standardized Boswellia extract(s)."	( Cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effect of Aflapin: a novel Boswellia serrata extract. Golakoti, T; Kolla, JN; Krishnaraju, AV; Rao, CV; Raychaudhuri, S; Raychaudhuri, SP; Sengupta, K; Yalamanchili, N, 2011)	0.37
"Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a gum resin extract, possesses poor water-solubility that limits bioavailability and a high melting point making it difficult to successfully process into solid dispersions by fusion methods."	( Preparation of amorphous solid dispersions by rotary evaporation and KinetiSol Dispersing: approaches to enhance solubility of a poorly water-soluble gum extract. Bennett, RC; Brough, C; Hughey, JR; Keen, JM; McGinity, JW; Miller, DA; O'Donnell, KP; Williams, RO, 2015)	0.42
" However, anti-inflammatory activity of AKBA is impeded by poor oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility."	( Development and optimisation of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Bairwa, K; Jachak, SM, 2015)	0.42
" The optimised nanoparticles were evaluated for in-vitro drug release and oral bioavailability studies, and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method."	( Development and optimisation of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Bairwa, K; Jachak, SM, 2015)	0.42
" Bioavailability study revealed about six times higher peak plasma concentration of AKBA in AKBA-NPs."	( Development and optimisation of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Bairwa, K; Jachak, SM, 2015)	0.42
"The promising results of improved oral bioavailability and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of AKBA suggested the successful nanoparticle formulation of AKBA."	( Development and optimisation of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Bairwa, K; Jachak, SM, 2015)	0.42
"The observed improvement of anticoagulation by processed FRA may result from the increased absorption and bioavailability of triterpenoids."	( Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Hua, HM; Liang, XX; Liu, XQ; Meng, DY; Niu, LY; Pan, YN; Tong, X; Wang, YN; Zheng, J, 2015)	0.42
" Although the bioavailability of these compounds is rather poor, they might be used as a lead structure to develop more effective antiviral drugs or might be used topically to prevent CHIKV spread in the skin after mosquito bites."	( Curcumin and Boswellia serrata gum resin extract inhibit chikungunya and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in vitro. Henß, L; Martin, J; Schnierle, BS; Sliva, K; von Rhein, C; Weber, C; Weidner, T, 2016)	0.43
"In spite of being a very potent and promising drug against many types of cancer, docetaxel suffers the disadvantage of low solubility and poor bioavailability rendering it unsuitable for oral administration."	( P-gp modulatory acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid based nanoemulsified carrier system for augmented oral chemotherapy of docetaxel. Banala, VT; Gayen, JR; Jajoriya, AK; Mishra, DP; Mishra, PR; Mitra, K; Mittapelly, N; Pandey, G; Sharma, S; Shukla, RP; Urandur, S; Valicherla, GR, 2017)	0.46
" AKBA is a potent anti-inflammatory drug, but it has poor oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility."	( Formulation of Nanospanlastics as a Promising Approach for ‎Improving the Topical Delivery of a Natural Leukotriene Inhibitor (3-‎Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid): Statistical Optimization, in vitro ‎Characterization, and ex vivo Permeation Study. Badria, F; Mazyed, E, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The mechanisms by which AKBA functions in different diseases and the relationships between dosage and biological effects are discussed in depth with the aim of increasing understanding of AKBA and guiding its use for the treatment of nervous system diseases."	( The Biological Activity of 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid in Nervous System Diseases. Fang, X; Fang, Y; Gong, Y; Hong, J; Huang, Y; Jiang, X; Ma, Y; Wu, J; Yang, S, 2022)	0.72

Class	Description
triterpenoid	Any terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.0000	0.0010	2.0308	10.0000	AID1153839; AID1357408
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	0.0320	1.4649	4.8000	AID1617776
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Ovis aries (sheep)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	0.0003	2.1774	10.0000	AID1617778
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	19.1500	0.0001	1.6847	9.3200	AID1617774; AID376578
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	40.0000	0.0001	0.9950	10.0000	AID1617780
Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7.8900	0.0011	1.9896	9.7500	AID378147
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	51.6750	0.8200	3.9067	5.9000	AID1420355; AID1434014
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic process	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fever generation	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland development	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growth	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fructose	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to manganese ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
bone mineralization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fever generation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin D	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to tumor necrosis factor	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
hair cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
decidualization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fatty acid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lead ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to homocysteine	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to angiotensin	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule polymerization	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokinesis	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein phosphorylation	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic nuclear division	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiation	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activity	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell motility	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
glutathione transferase activity	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-D synthase activity	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione binding	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-E synthase activity	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activity	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
oligopeptidase activity	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletal motor activity	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-trans isomerase activity	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
GTPase activating protein binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphoserine residue binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphothreonine residue binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein binding	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin ligase activator activity	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear envelope lumen	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
adherens junction	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic cytosol	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
midbody	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary basal body	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (95)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID303270	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 17, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of novel amino analogues of boswellic acids.
AID691803	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691819	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound, Lipoid S100 and gelucire 44/14 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691814	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound, Lipoid S100 and vitamin E-TPGS ratio 1:2:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691796	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 10:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691816	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1197684	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives.
AID1197687	Cytotoxicity against human A253 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives.
AID691820	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f68 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691784	Drug level in rat brain at 240 mg/kg, po	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1197685	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives.
AID691801	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 3:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691805	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and vitamin E-TPGS ratio 1:2:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID590124	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4	A comparative study of proapoptotic potential of cyano analogues of boswellic acid and 11-keto-boswellic acid.
AID638416	Anticancer activity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 50 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Acyl derivatives of boswellic acids as inhibitors of NF-κB and STATs.
AID691790	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691818	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound, Lipoid S100 and vitamin E-TPGS ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1357408	Inhibition of mPGES1 in human A549 cell microsomal membrane using pGH2 as substrate pretreated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 1 min by RP-HPLC method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 153	Plant-derived mPGES-1 inhibitors or suppressors: A new emerging trend in the search for small molecules to combat inflammation.
AID691813	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1272077	Anti-inflammatory activity in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 expression at 10 uM after 5 hrs	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Analogues of boswellic acids as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
AID691808	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and vitamin E-TPGS ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691789	Solubility of the compound in water at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID376578	Inhibition of lipoxygenase 5 product formation from endogenous substrate in Calcium and ionophore-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocyte	2000	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 63, Issue:8	Workup-dependent formation of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory boswellic acid analogues.
AID1272078	Cytotoxicity against human FR2 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Analogues of boswellic acids as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
AID1420355	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human Pin1 using Suc-Ala-Glu-cis-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 90 secs	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ring A modified 11-keto-boswellic acid derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors with remarkable anti-prostate cancer activity.
AID691831	Plasma concentration in rat at 240 mg/kg, po administered using compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 formulation	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID303272	Cytotoxicity against human 502713 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 17, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of novel amino analogues of boswellic acids.
AID691792	Solubility of the compound in water at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691787	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at 5 mg/mL after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691804	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 in presence of 5:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691809	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and gelucire 44/14 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691826	Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 using modified fed state simulated intestinal fluid	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1420356	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ring A modified 11-keto-boswellic acid derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors with remarkable anti-prostate cancer activity.
AID1194658	Inhibition of VEGFR-2 (unknown origin) at 50 uM after 1 hr by luminescence assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of boswellic acid derivatives as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
AID691793	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691825	Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 using modified fasted state simulated intestinal fluid	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1272076	Anti-inflammatory activity in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha expression at 10 uM after 5 hrs	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Analogues of boswellic acids as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
AID458320	Inhibition of human recombinant 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction of cortisone to cortisol conversion at 20 uM by scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches.
AID1433987	Anti-proliferative activity against human PC3 cells measured after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Design and synthesis of novel 2-substituted 11-keto-boswellic acid heterocyclic derivatives as anti-prostate cancer agents with Pin1 inhibition ability.
AID1617778	Inhibition of ovine recombinant COX1 assessed as decrease in formation of PGE2 using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID691785	Drug level in rat brain at 240 mg/kg, po administered using compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 formulation	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID638415	Anticancer activity against human Hep2 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 50 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Acyl derivatives of boswellic acids as inhibitors of NF-κB and STATs.
AID1617780	Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 formation using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID638414	Anticancer activity against human COLO205 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 50 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Acyl derivatives of boswellic acids as inhibitors of NF-κB and STATs.
AID1617779	Inhibition of ovine recombinant COX1 assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID638417	Anticancer activity against human PC3 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 50 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Acyl derivatives of boswellic acids as inhibitors of NF-κB and STATs.
AID1194657	Antiproliferation activity against HUVEC cells after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of boswellic acid derivatives as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
AID303271	Cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 17, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of novel amino analogues of boswellic acids.
AID1617775	Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX expressed in insect cells assessed residual activity using arachidonic acid at 42 uM as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric ion oxidation-xylenol o	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID638412	Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 50 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Acyl derivatives of boswellic acids as inhibitors of NF-κB and STATs.
AID1153839	Inhibition of microsomal PGES1 isolated from IL-1beta-stimulated human A549 cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 1 min by RP-HPLC analysis	2014	Journal of natural products, Jun-27, Volume: 77, Issue:6	Tetra- and pentacyclic triterpene acids from the ancient anti-inflammatory remedy frankincense as inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1.
AID1272080	Anti-inflammatory activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 expression at 10 mg/kg, po pre-treated for 1 hr followed by LPS administration measured 2.5 hrs after LPS challenge by ELISA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Analogues of boswellic acids as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
AID691811	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691829	Plasma concentration in rat at 240 mg/kg, po administered using compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 formulation relative to non-formulated compound after 8 hrs	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691783	Ratio drug level in brain to plasma of rat at 240 mg/kg, po administered using compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 formulation after 8 hrs	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1617774	Inhibition of human recombinant 5-LOX expressed in insect cells assessed as decrease in production of 5-HPETE and 5-HETE using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric io	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID691833	Ratio drug level in brain to plasma of rat at 240 mg/kg, po after 8 hrs	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691824	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691794	Solubility of the compound in fed state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691802	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at 5 mg/mL	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691797	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 5:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691786	Solubility of the compound in water at 5 mg/mL after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691806	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID303269	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 17, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of novel amino analogues of boswellic acids.
AID691807	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and tween 80 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691821	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691795	Solubility of the compound in water at pH 6.5	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1617777	Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His-tagged 15-LOX2 expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID1197688	Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives.
AID303273	Cytotoxicity against human HT29 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 17, Issue:23	Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of novel amino analogues of boswellic acids.
AID691788	Solubility of the compound in fed state simulated intestinal fluid at 5 mg/mL after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691817	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at 5 mg/mL	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID590119	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4	A comparative study of proapoptotic potential of cyano analogues of boswellic acid and 11-keto-boswellic acid.
AID1617776	Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His-tagged 15-LOX2 expressed in Escherichia coli using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins in dark by ferric ion oxidation-xylenol orange as	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID1420354	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human Pin1 at 10 uM using Suc-Ala-Glu-cis-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 90 secs	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ring A modified 11-keto-boswellic acid derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors with remarkable anti-prostate cancer activity.
AID691812	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound, Lipoid S100 and tween 80 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691798	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 3:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1197686	Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells assessed as cell survival after 96 hrs by SRB assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives.
AID691791	Solubility of the compound in fed state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:1 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID730308	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Microbial transformation of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid and their inhibitory activity on LPS-induced NO production.
AID691827	Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 using HBSS buffer	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID691828	Plasma concentration in rat at 240 mg/kg, po administered using compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f127 ratio 1:1:1 formulation relative to non-formulated compound after 2 hrs	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1339399	Inhibition of potato 5-lipoxygenase using linoleic acid as substrate preincubated for 2 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 120 secs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Synthesis of new analogs of AKBA and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activities.
AID691815	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells assessed as mass balance at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 in presence of 5:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID378147	Inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase	2005	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 68, Issue:2	Bioactive constituents from Boswellia papyrifera.
AID1272079	Anti-inflammatory activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha expression at 10 mg/kg, po pre-treated for 1 hr followed by LPS administration measured 2.5 hrs after LPS challenge by ELISA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Analogues of boswellic acids as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
AID638413	Anticancer activity against human SW620 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 50 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Acyl derivatives of boswellic acids as inhibitors of NF-κB and STATs.
AID730307	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Microbial transformation of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid and their inhibitory activity on LPS-induced NO production.
AID691799	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 10:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1433988	Anti-proliferative activity against human LNCAP cells measured after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Design and synthesis of novel 2-substituted 11-keto-boswellic acid heterocyclic derivatives as anti-prostate cancer agents with Pin1 inhibition ability.
AID1617781	Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells assessed as residual activity at 42 uM using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins by LC-MS analysis r	2019	Journal of natural products, 12-27, Volume: 82, Issue:12	Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes.
AID458321	Inhibition of human recombinant 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction of cortisone to cortisol conversion at 20 uM by scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches.
AID691800	Solubility of the compound in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at compound to Lipoid S100 ratio 1:3 after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 5:1 molar ratio of Lipoid S100 to tween 80	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
AID1434014	Inhibition of Pin1 (unknown origin) using Suc-Ala-Glu-cis-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 90 secs by protease-enzyme coupled assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Design and synthesis of novel 2-substituted 11-keto-boswellic acid heterocyclic derivatives as anti-prostate cancer agents with Pin1 inhibition ability.
AID691810	Permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at compound, Lipoid S100 and pluronic f68 ratio 1:1:1	2012	Journal of natural products, Oct-26, Volume: 75, Issue:10	Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	6 (4.48)	18.2507
2000's	25 (18.66)	29.6817
2010's	70 (52.24)	24.3611
2020's	33 (24.63)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (1.46%)	5.53%
Reviews	3 (2.19%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	132 (96.35%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.11	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.11	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.1	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.21	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
berberine [no description available]	3.27	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
celecoxib [no description available]	2.52	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	3.27	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.05	1	0
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.46	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.41	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.98	4	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.13	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.	2.17	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.72	3	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.21	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	2.02	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.44	2	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
temozolomide [no description available]	3.59	1	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.46	2	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
cysteine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.02	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.31	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.05	1	0	xanthene
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.97	4	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
muscone muscone: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.02	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.04	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.25	1	0	zinc molecular entity
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.05	1	0
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.21	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.07	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.31	1	0	titanium group element atom
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.75	3	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.02	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
butylated hydroxyanisole [no description available]	2.02	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.9	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2.17	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.49	2	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.59	2	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
zileuton [no description available]	2.21	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.06	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.51	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
medicagenic acid medicagenic acid: aglycone constituent of lucerne saponins, upon which their fungastatic & hemolytic activity depends	2.21	1	0	triterpenoid
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.27	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	3.27	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
atranorin atranorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	3.27	1	0	carbonyl compound
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.25	1	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	2.72	3	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-amyrin alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.21	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol
Tormentic acid tormentic acid: aglycone of Rosamultin	2.05	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
hederagenin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin	plant metabolite
arjunolic acid arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.	2.21	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antioxidant; metabolite
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.21	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.11	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
uvaol uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)	2.51	2	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
gypsogenin gypsogenin: originally from Gypsophila species; structure in first source. gypsogenin : A sapogenin that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 23.	2.21	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin
erythrodiol [no description available]	2.21	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	plant metabolite
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.05	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.03	1	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
asiatic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester	fluorochrome
zm 230487 ZM 230487: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor	1.99	1	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.58	2	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.03	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
boswellic acid boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal	8.57	25	1	triterpenoid
perlatolinic acid perlatolinic acid: C25-H32-O7; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	carbonyl compound
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	3.27	1	0
carnosol carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata	3.27	1	0	diterpenoid
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.03	1	0	tripeptide
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.41	2	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ganoderic acid a [no description available]	2.05	1	0	triterpenoid
olivetoric acid olivetoric acid: isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	carbonyl compound
methyl ursolate methyl ursolate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
boswellic acid [no description available]	2.52	2	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.13	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.6	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	4.86	3	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	3.84	3	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.08	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.86	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.	2.25	1	0	HETE	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	3.27	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
arachidonic acid omega-9 hydroperoxide 12-HPETE: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; 12-HPETE may be used inconsistently in literature as synonym for cpds with various tetraene-locants; caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries. 12(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 12-HPETE.	2.03	1	0	HPETE	mouse metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	3.27	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
guttiferone e guttiferone E: isolated from the fruits of Garcinia pyrifera collected in Malaysia; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.05	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
bwa 4c [no description available]	1.99	1	0
hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).	2.13	1	0
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0
corosolic acid [no description available]	2.51	2	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
11-keto-boswellic acid [no description available]	5.04	12	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.03	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
3-o-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid 3-O-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid: isolated from Boswellia serrata; structure in first source	5.06	12	0
11-deoxy glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	triterpenoid
alpha-amyrenone alpha-amyrenone: from Marsdenia officinalis Tsiang	2.21	1	0
roburic acid roburic acid : A tetracyclic triterpenoid with formula C30H40O2 that is isolated from the roots of Gentiana dahurica and Gentiana macrophylla.	2.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; olefinic compound; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.11	1	0	glycoside
chitosan [no description available]	2.13	1	0
holothurin a holothurin A: RN given refers to Na salt (3 beta,12 alpha,22S)-isomer	3.97	12	0
beta-Elemonic acid beta-elemonic acid: extracted from Boswellia carterii	2.46	2	0	triterpenoid
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.08	1	0
arzanol arzanol: a prenylated alpha-pyrone-phloroglucinol etherodimer from Helichrysum italicum subsp.microphyllum; has antioxidant and cytotoxic activity; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.08	1	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.6	1	0
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	2.03	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.02	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.17	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.19	5	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.19	5	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.86	11	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.86	11	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.33	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	2.41	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.72	2	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.02	9	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.02	9	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	2.72	2	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.6	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.69	2	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.78	3	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.6	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	2.21	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.25	1	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	2.25	1	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.25	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.74	3	0
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.54	2	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.1	14	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.31	1	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	2.31	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.17	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.81	3	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	3.98	2	1
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	4.26	3	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	3.98	2	1
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	4.26	3	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.53	2	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.17	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.87	3	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.17	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.81	3	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.54	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.63	2	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	4.51	1	1
Ache [description not available]	4.51	1	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	4.51	1	1
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	4.51	1	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.63	2	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.63	2	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	3.59	1	1
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	3.59	1	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.61	2	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.51	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.25	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.49	2	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	2.1	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	2.49	2	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.1	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.1	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.11	1	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	2.11	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.11	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.11	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.13	1	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Stomatitis, Vesicular [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.13	1	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.13	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.05	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.06	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.47	2	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.06	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome A nonfamilial polyposis syndrome that is characterized by the presence of diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis, DIARRHEA, and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHY. It was first reported by Cronkhite and Canada in 1955.	2.08	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.08	1	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	2.01	1	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	2.41	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.02	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	2.03	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.04	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	1.99	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2	1	0
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	2	1	0

acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (55)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (136)

Molecular Functions (37)

Ceullar Components (32)

Bioassays (95)

Research

Studies (134)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.21

Study Types

acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (55)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (136)

Molecular Functions (37)

Ceullar Components (32)

Bioassays (95)

Research

Studies (134)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.21

Study Types

Related Drugs (118)

Related Conditions (131)