atractylenolide iii profile

atractylenolide III: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Atractylodes	genus	A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain hinesol and atractylon. Atractylodes rhizome is Byaku-jutsu. A. lancea rhizome is So-jutsu.[MeSH]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]
Atractylodes macrocephala	species	[no description available]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]
Atractylodes japonica	species	[no description available]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	155948
CHEMBL ID	486961
CHEBI ID	69958
SCHEMBL ID	19082784
MeSH ID	M0385973

Synonym
atractylenolide iii
bdbm50241945
(4as,8ar,9as)-9a-hydroxy-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4,4a,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran-2-one
CHEMBL486961 ,
chebi:69958 ,
73030-71-4
C17887
hsdb 8108
8beta-hydroxyasterolide
naphtho(2,3-b)furan-2(4h)-one, 4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylene-, (4as,8ar,9as)-
codonolactone
S9313
8-hydroxyasterolide
AKOS015897171
CS-3671
DTXSID50223308
AC-34013
Q-100798
atractylodes japonica
atractylenolide-iii
atractylenolideiii
HY-N0203
mfcd00238543
atractylenolide iii, >=98% (hplc)
NCGC00385304-01
icodonolactone
8b-hydroxyasterolide
(4as,8ar,9as)-9a-hydroxy-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylene-4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2(4h)-one
BCP18761
Q27138303
SCHEMBL19082784
atractylenolide beta
CCG-266941
icodonolactone;8-hydroxyasterolide
naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2(4h)-one,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylene-,(4as,8ar,9as)-
AS-77621
atractylenolide cento
aphtho[2,3-b]furan-2(4h)-one, 4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylene-, (4as,8ar,9as)-
(4as,8ar,9as)-9a-hydroxy-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylidene-2h,4h,4ah,5h,6h,7h,8h,8ah,9h,9ah-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one
Z3234884883

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects."	( Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. Geng, ZJ; Hu, JG; Lü, HZ; Shen, L; Sheng, WJ; Shi, YJ; Song, X; Wang, R; Xue, MT, 2022)	2.89
"Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is a major active constituent of the natural plant Atractylodes rhizome. "	( Atractylenolide III Ameliorated Autophagy Dysfunction via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signals and Alleviated Silicosis Fibrosis in Mice. Chen, S; Kang, H; Tan, S; Wang, H; Yang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhou, K, 2023)	3.8
"Atractylenolide III is an active component of the Atractylodes rhizome, an herbal medicine that has been used as an asthma treatment."	( Atractylenolide III reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and Th1/Th2 imbalances in both in vitro and in vivo models of asthma. Bai, Y; Li, C; Liu, Z; Wang, L; Zhang, L; Zhu, C, 2020)	2.72
"Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is an active ingredient derived from Baizhu, which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicines."	( Atractylenolide III alleviates isoflurane-induced injury in rat hippocampal neurons by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Wang, Z; Yin, L; Yu, J; Zhu, A; Zhu, S, 2021)	2.79
"Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is an active compound of Atractylodes lancea, which has been widely used for the treatment of cancer. "	( Ameliorative effect of atractylenolide III in the mast cell proliferation induced by TSLP. Choi, IH; Jang, JB; Jeong, HJ; Jin, MH; Kim, DH; Kim, HM; Kim, MS; Lee, SY; Lim, S; Nam, SY; Roh, SS; Woo, N; Yoou, MS, 2017)	2.21
"Atractylenolide III is an organic product of the herb plant Atractylodes ovata that is used as an anti-inflammatory. "	( Biotransformation of a herb plant metabolite by a cell disruptant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Ohama, T; Park, HS, 2009)	1.8
"Atractylenolide III is a major active component in Atractylodes macrocephala. "	( Quantitative determination of atractylenolide III in rat plasma by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Hao, H; Wang, G; Wang, R; Wu, F; Xie, H; Zhang, J, 2006)	2.07

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Atractylenolide III could inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression through upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase from the gastric ulcerated tissues."	( Gastroprotective activity of atractylenolide III from Atractylodes ovata on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vitro and in vivo. Chang, CC; Chen, LG; Wang, CC; Wang, KT; Wu, CH, 2010)	1.37

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of AII and AIII in rat plasma after oral administration of AMR extract."	( Simultaneous determination of atractylenolide II and atractylenolide III by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizoma extract. Guan, SH; Guo, DA; Shi, YY; Tang, RN; Tao, SJ, 2012)	0.63
" This method was successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of Atractylenolide I, II and III in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Baizhufuling extract and Atractylodis extract."	( Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of Atractylenolide I, II and III in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Baizhufuling extract and Atractylodis extract by UPLC-MS/MS. Sun, Y; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yan, H; Yang, M; Yu, Z; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.42

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The activity levels of myeloperoxidase were significantly decreased following increase in the dosage of Atractylenolide III, as determined by histological analysis."	( Atractylenolide III Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Regulating Intestinal Flora. Huang, M; Jiang, W; Luo, C; Ren, Y; Zhang, X, 2021)	2.06

Role	Description
metabolite	Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
naphthofuran
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	144.0000	0.1100	3.2036	9.2000	AID1666889; AID1666891
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	200.0000	0.0001	1.6847	9.3200	AID400125
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	200.0000	0.0002	1.5574	10.0000	AID400126
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	115.0000	0.0250	1.7975	8.0000	AID1666888; AID1666890
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cholesterol metabolic process	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol storage	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
intestinal cholesterol absorption	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol efflux	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol storage	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol efflux	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
fatty-acyl-CoA binding	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sterol O-acyltransferase activity	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol binding	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
acyltransferase activity	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty-acyl-CoA binding	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sterol O-acyltransferase activity	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol binding	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulum	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor outer segment	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (43)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID587897	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 5 hrs phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by RT-PCR analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID1666885	Inhibition of [14C]triglyceride biosynthesis in CHOK1 cells using [14C]Oleic acid as substrate after 6 hrs by TLC method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID587904	Suppression of NF-kappaB activation in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated IkappaB-alpha degradation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 2 hrs phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by We	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID714964	Antagonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of CDCA-induced transactivation of SHP gene by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID587899	Cytotoxicity against human HMC1 cells assessed as cell viability at 1 to 100 uM after 8 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID587909	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated IL1-beta secretion at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mins phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by Western blotting	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID401195	Antihepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes assessed as GPT level at 1 mg/mL relative to control
AID714965	Antagonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of CDCA-induced transactivation of SHP gene at 50 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID400126	Inhibition of COX1	1998	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 61, Issue:3	5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitory active compounds from Atractylodes lancea.
AID1330410	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by colorimetric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 26, Issue:24	Dimeric sesquiterpene and thiophenes from the roots of Echinops latifolius.
AID1666888	Inhibition of human SOAT1 mediated [14C]Cholesterol ester synthesis in CHO cells after 6 hrs in presence of [14C]Oleic acid by TLC analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID587906	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated RIP-2 activation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mins phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by Western blotting an	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID1666889	Inhibition of human SOAT2-mediated [14C]Cholesterol ester synthesis in CHO cells after 6 hrs in presence of [14C]Oleic acid by TLC analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID383496	Inhibition of Mushroom tyrosinase	2008	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5	Complex sesquiterpenoids with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from the leaves of Chloranthus tianmushanensis.
AID1666886	Cytotoxicity against CHOK1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID1666887	Inhibition of SOAT in CHOK1 microsomes	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID1666891	Inhibition of human SOAT2-mediated [14C]Cholesterol ester biosynthesis in CHO microsomal fraction after 5 mins in presence of [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA by TLC analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID587896	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated IL-6 secretion by ELISA method	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID714967	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as transactivation of SHP gene at 400 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID1354700	Neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in rat PC12 cells assessed as increase in cell viability pretreated for 2 hrs followed by glutamate challenge measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of natural products, 06-22, Volume: 81, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Chloranthus anhuiensis with Neuroprotective Effects in PC12 Cells.
AID1666892	Effect on lipid droplet accumulation in CHOK1 cells at >100 uM preincubated with oleic acid for 12 hrs followed by replacement of fresh medium containing compounds and measured after 6 hrs by oil red O staining based confocal laser scanning microscopy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID587900	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated p38 phosphorylation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mic phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID587907	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated caspase 1 activation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mins phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by Western blottin	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID587901	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated JNK phosphorylation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mic phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID587908	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated caspase 1 activation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mins phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by caspase colorim	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID714962	Antagonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as upregulation of CYP7A1 gene transactivation at 10 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID714960	Agonist activity at human PR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as MMTV gene promoter transactivation at 10 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID714971	Antagonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of CDCA-induced transactivation of SHP gene at 10 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID587905	Suppression of NF-kappaB activation in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated luciferase activity at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 24 hrs phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by lucifer	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID587903	Suppression of NF-kappaB activation in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated nuclear Rel A/p65 level at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 2 hrs phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by West	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID401451	Antihepatotoxic activity against galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes assessed as GPT level at 1 mg/mL relative to control
AID714972	Agonist activity at human PR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as MMTV gene promoter transactivation at 100 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID587898	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated histamine secretion at 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 6 hrs phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge by histamine assay kit	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID400125	Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase	1998	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 61, Issue:3	5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitory active compounds from Atractylodes lancea.
AID714966	Antagonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of CDCA-induced transactivation of SHP gene at 100 uM by measuring relative luciferase activity by transient transfection reporter assay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala act as farnesoid X receptor and progesterone receptor modulators.
AID587902	Immunomodulatory activity in human HMC1 cells assessed as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187-stimulated ERK phosphorylation at 1 to 100 uM treated 1 hr prior to 30 mins phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/A23187 challenge	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Blockade of IL-6 secretion pathway by the sesquiterpenoid atractylenolide III.
AID1666890	Inhibition of human SOAT1-mediated [14C]Cholesterol ester biosynthesis in CHO microsomal fraction after 5 mins in presence of [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA by TLC analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
AID1666884	Inhibition of [14C]cholesterol ester biosynthesis in CHOK1 cells using [14C]Oleic acid as substrate after 6 hrs by TLC method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 30, Issue:7	Inhibition of cholesteryl ester synthesis by polyacetylenes from Atractylodes rhizome.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (3.61)	18.2507
2000's	16 (19.28)	29.6817
2010's	41 (49.40)	24.3611
2020's	23 (27.71)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (1.16%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	85 (98.84%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.05	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
histamine [no description available]	2.06	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.13	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.44	2	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	7.31	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
kojic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.17	1	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	1.99	1	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
corticosterone [no description available]	7.21	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	7.6	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.21	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.07	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	1.99	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.06	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.31	1	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.5	2	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.21	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.1	1	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
etoposide [no description available]	2.6	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.11	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	7.11	1	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	2.08	1	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.21	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.03	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.03	1
lobetyolin lobetyolin: from Herba Lobeliae Chinensis	2.52	2
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2	1	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.08	1	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	7.61	2	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.11	1	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	6.78	71
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.08	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
atractylon atractylon: from Atractylodes rhizomes; has antihepatotoxic activity; structure given in first source	3.12	5	sesquiterpenoid
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	7.31	1
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.13	1	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.1	1	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid: structure in first source. 9,10,13-TriHOME : A TriHOME that is (11E)-octadec-11-enoic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 9, 10 and 13.	2.06	1	long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid; TriHOME	human blood serum metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.6	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
atractylenolide i atractylenolide I: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source	5.8	27
atractylodin atractylodin: RN given for (E,E)-isomer; isolated from Atractylodes plants	2.13	1	furans
linderalactone linderalactone: an NSAID isolated from Lindera aggregata	2.05	1	butenolide	metabolite
benzoylhypaconine benzoylhypaconine: Aconitum alkaloid in serum. benzoylhypaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.	2.08	1
atractylenolide ii atractylenolide II: from Atractylodes ovata; structure in first source	5.37	17	sesquiterpene lactone
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	7.17	1
benzoylaconine benzoylaconine: alkaloid isolated from Aconitum carmichaeli. benzoylaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C32H45NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.	2.08	1	benzoate ester; bridged compound; diterpene alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; polyether; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	phytotoxin; plant metabolite
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.21	1
benzoylmesaconine benzoylmesaconine: structure in first source. benzoylmesaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.	2.08	1	benzoate ester; bridged compound; diterpene alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; polyether; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	analgesic; antiinfective agent; plant metabolite
albiflorin albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.	2.11	1	benzoate ester; beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; gamma-lactone; monoterpene glycoside; secondary alcohol	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.61	2
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.08	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Bleeding [description not available]	2.07	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.07	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.07	1
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.07	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.63	8
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.31	1
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.31	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.31	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.69	2
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.41	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.69	2
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	2.41	1
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.41	1
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.41	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	3.01	2
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	3.01	2
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.01	2
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.01	2
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	2.82	2
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.08	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.08	4
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.21	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.21	1
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	2.25	1
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.25	1
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	7.25	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.31	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.31	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.31	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.31	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.31	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	7.31	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.31	1
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	7.31	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.31	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.41	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.41	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.23	1
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.23	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.23	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.23	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.99	4
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.21	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.21	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.21	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.21	1
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.11	1
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.11	1
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.11	1
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.11	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.11	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.13	1
Metastase [description not available]	2.13	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.13	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.13	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.15	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.15	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.15	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.04	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.04	1
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	7.05	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.05	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.06	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.06	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.06	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.06	1
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2	1

atractylenolide iii

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (40)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (43)

Research

Studies (83)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 22.42

Study Types

atractylenolide iii

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (40)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (43)

Research

Studies (83)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 22.42

Study Types

Related Drugs (50)

Related Conditions (69)