| "Basic research in autism is reviewed." | ( Piggott, LR, 1979) |
| "Autism is of interest neurochemically because it represents a relatively homogeneous disorder with a triad of social, communicative, and intellectual developmental disturbance." | ( Cook, EH, 1990) |
| "The cause of autism is unknown." | ( Aihara, R; Hashimoto, T, 1989) |
| "Infantile autism is the most common incorrect diagnosis made for children with RS." | ( Naidu, S; Trevathan, E, 1988) |
| "Since autism is a syndrome of unknown etiology, it is possible that anti-MBP antibodies are associated with the development of autistic behavior." | ( Cole, P; Odell, JD; Singh, VK; Warren, RP; Warren, WL, 1993) |
| "In humans, autism is a subtype of schizophrenia that appears to be a functional disease of the brain." | ( Takeda, N, 1994) |
| "Childhood autism is a developmental disorder with distinctive clinical features and characteristic cognitive deficits." | ( Deb, S; Thompson, B, 1998) |
| "Autism is a poorly understood developmental disorder characterized by social impairment, communication deficits, and compulsive behavior." | ( Insel, TR; Leckman, JF; O'Brien, DJ, 1999) |
| "Autism is heterogeneous with respect to clinical symptoms and etiology." | ( Allen, A; Aronowitz, B; Cartwright, C; DeCaria, C; Hollander, E; Novotny, S, 2000) |
| "Autism is characterized by social deficits, communication and language impairments, narrow restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, inattention, and hyperactivity." | ( Cartwright, C; Hollander, E; Kaplan, A; Reichman, D, 2000) |
| "Autism is one of a group of developmental disorders that have devastating lifelong effects on its victims." | ( London, EA, 2000) |
| "Autism is a syndrome characterized by impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movements, and sensory dysfunction." | ( Bernard, S; Binstock, T; Enayati, A; Redwood, L; Roger, H, 2001) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous condition, currently with no single explanation for all of these findings presented at this conference." | ( Whiteley, P, 2001) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder for which no cure currently exists." | ( Knivsber, AM; Nødland, M; Reichelt, KL, 2001) |
| "Childhood autism is a developmental disability of unknown origin with probable multiple etiologies." | ( Berkarda, S; Cermik, TF; Fazlioğlu, Y; Gültekin, A; Karasalihoğlu, S; Kaya, M; Türe, M; Ustün, F; Yiğitbaşi, ON, 2002) |
| "Autism is classified as a pervasive developmental disorder, with several cardinal features including sensory disturbances, obsessive-compulsive-like behavior, lack of bonding to caregivers and motor disturbances." | ( Borella, A; Huang, W; Johnstone, F; Kahne, D; Shapiro, L; Tudorica, A; Whitaker-Azmitia, PM, 2002) |
| "Autism is a collection of behavioral symptoms characterized by dysfunction in social interaction and communication in affected children." | ( Horvath, K; Perman, JA, 2002) |
| "Autism is a developmental disease usually manifesting within the first three years of life." | ( Brudnak, MA; Buchholz, I; Dailey, M; Kerry, RE; Pangborn, J; Rimland, B; Stayton, B; Taylor, R; Waickman, F; Waickman, M, 2002) |
| "Autism is a common developmental disorder associated with structural and inferred neurochemical abnormalities of the brain." | ( Bauman, M; Court, J; Graham, A; Iversen, P; Jaros, E; Lee, M; Martin-Ruiz, C; Perry, E; Perry, R, 2002) |
| "Autism is a biologically-heterogeneous disease." | ( Bravaccio, C; Conciatori, M; Keller, F; Marino, R; Melmed, R; Militerni, R; Montecchi, F; Palermo, M; Pascucci, T; Persico, AM; Puglisi-Allegra, S; Rabinowitz, D; Reichelt, KL; Schneider, C; Trillo, S, 2002) |
| "Autistic disorder (autism) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by marked deficits in reciprocal social relatedness, communication impairment and a narrow range of interests and/or repetitive behaviors." | ( McDougle, CJ; Posey, DJ, 2002) |
| "Autism is a lifelong condition usually described as affecting social, cognitive and imaginative abilities." | ( Shattock, P; Whiteley, P, 2002) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology." | ( Bailey, AJ; Lamb, JA; Monaco, AP; Parr, JR, 2002) |
| "Autism is defined as a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder in which serotonergic dysfunction may be involved in its pathogenesis." | ( Kato, M; Miyazaki, K; Narita, M; Narita, N; Okado, N; Tazoe, M, 2002) |
| "1." | ( Egan, EA; Fatemi, SH; Stary, JM, 2002) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three core behavioral domains: repetitive behaviors, social deficits, and language abnormalities." | ( Aronowitz, BR; DeCaria, CM; Hanratty, M; Hollander, E; Mosovich, S; Novotny, S; Yaffe, R, 2003) |
| "Although autism is a behaviorally valid syndrome, it is remarkably heterogeneous and involves multiple developmental domains as well as a wide range of cognitive, language, and socioemotional functioning." | ( Acosta, MT; Pearl, PL, 2003) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous pervasive developmental disorder with a poorly defined aetiology and pathophysiology." | ( Anderson, R; Bull, G; Groundwater, PW; Lees, G; Lough, JW; Shattock, P; Whiteley, P, 2003) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder of unknown neurologic basis." | ( Alger, JR; Blanton, RE; Fadale, D; Guthrie, D; Levitt, JG; McCracken, JT; O'Neill, J; Smalley, S; Toga, AW, 2003) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder of unknown aetiopathology and lacking any specific pharmacological therapeutic intervention." | ( Baumann, M; Court, JA; Lee, M; Martin-Ruiz, CM; Perry, EK; Perry, RH, 2004) |
| "Autism is a childhood-onset disorder of unknown, possibly of multiple aetiologies." | ( Akhondzadeh, S; Amini, H; Erfani, S; Gudarzi, SS; Mohammadi, MR; Tehrani-Doost, M; Yasamy, MT, 2004) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three primary behavioural domains: repetitive behaviours, social deficits, and language abnormalities." | ( Allen, A; Hollander, E; Iyengar, R; Novotny, S; Phillips, A; Wasserman, S, 2004) |
| "Autism is a neuro-developmental syndrome that affects 0." | ( Afridi, SK; Chih, B; Clark, L; Scheiffele, P, 2004) |
| "Autism is a severe behavioral disorder characterized by pervasive impairments in social interactions, deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, and stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests." | ( Przewłocki, R; Schneider, T, 2005) |
| "Autism is a neurological disorder of childhood with poorly understood etiology and pathology." | ( Brown, WT; Chauhan, A; Chauhan, V; Cohen, I, 2004) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that usually presents in early childhood and that is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors." | ( Cutler, P; Gaylor, DW; James, SJ; Janak, L; Jernigan, S; Melnyk, S; Neubrander, JA, 2004) |
| "Autism is an ever increasing problem in the United States." | ( Fallon, J, 2005) |
| "Autism is a complex, behaviorally defined, developmental brain disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1,000." | ( Lauder, JM; Polleux, F, 2004) |
| "Finally, autism is considered a brain disorder, but studies have so far failed to find consistent serotonergic abnormalities in autistic brains." | ( Janusonis, S, 2005) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) affects 1 in 150 children in the United States." | ( Geier, DA; Geier, MR, 2005) |
| "Autism is an important cause of social disability and reported more often from the developed world than from the developing countries." | ( Kalra, V; Sapra, S; Seth, R, 2005) |
| "Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Garrett, NT; Hazlett, HC; Piven, J; Ross, AK; Wilkerson, C, 2005) |
| "Autism is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with a primarily genetic etiology exhibiting deficits in (1) development of language and (2) social relationships and (3) patterns of repetitive, restricted behaviors or interests and resistance to change." | ( Blakely, RD; Delahanty, RJ; Folstein, SE; Han, Q; Jiang, L; Li, C; McCauley, JL; Prasad, HC; Sutcliffe, JS, 2005) |
| "Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in communication, social interaction, repetitive behaviors and difficulty adapting to novel experiences." | ( Abdullah, M; Corbett, BA; Levine, S; Mendoza, S; Wegelin, JA, 2006) |
| "Autism is a disorder characterised by abnormalities in language and social development, and repetitive behaviours." | ( Delaney, MA; Gratz, SS; Hyman, SB; Malone, RP, 2005) |
| "Autism is a behaviorally defined disorder of unknown etiology that is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors." | ( Dronca, E; Dronca, M; Gagyi, CE; Miu, AC; Nemeş, B; Paşca, SP; Vlase, L, 2006) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in three core symptom domains: socialization, communication, and repetitive/stereotyped behaviours." | ( Anagnostou, E; Chaplin, W; Esposito, K; Hollander, E; Soorya, L; Wasserman, S, 2006) |
| "Autism is now widely accepted as a biological disorder which, by and large, starts before birth." | ( Aoki, Y; Asakura, A; Atsumi, M; Enseki, Y; Iga, T; Inoko, H; Inomata, J; Ishii, T; Kato, N; Koishi, S; Matsumoto, H; Nanba, E; Oya, A; Sasaki, T; Yamamoto, K; Yamazaki, K, 2006) |
| "Autism is a developmental syndrome with an unknown biology and inadequate therapeutics." | ( Fink, M; Ghaziuddin, N; Taylor, MA, 2006) |
| "Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder affecting more males than females." | ( Cook, EH; Delahanty, RJ; Jiang, L; Kosova, G; Ober, C; Sutcliffe, JS; Weiss, LA, 2006) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, with restricted, repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities." | ( Karande, S, 2006) |
| "Autism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed in early childhood that is characterized by impairment in reciprocal communication and speech, repetitive behaviors, and social withdrawal." | ( Baker, SM; Bock, K; Boris, M; Bradstreet, JJ; Cleves, MA; Cutler, P; Gaylor, DW; Halsted, CH; James, SJ; Jernigan, S; Melnyk, S; Wong, DH, 2006) |
| "The cause of autism is unclear; vaccines have been incriminated." | ( Taylor, B, 2006) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability factor and the reelin gene, which codes for an extracellular matrix protein involved with neuronal migration and lamination is being investigated as a positional and functional candidate gene for autism." | ( Ahmed, S; Chatterjee, A; Dutta, S; Gangopadhyay, PK; Ghosh, S; Guhathakurta, S; Singh, M; Sinha, S; Usha, R, 2007) |
| "Autism is a complex, largely genetic psychiatric disorder." | ( Andres, C; Belhadj, A; Briault, S; Cahard, D; Chaabouni, H; Colleaux, L; Constant, J; Elia, M; Guérin, P; Halayem, M; Holbert, S; Laumonnier, F; Le Guennec, JY; M'rad, R; Molinari, F; Persico, AM; Roger, S; Romano, V, 2006) |
| "Autism is characterized by restricted, repetitive behaviors and impairment in socialization and communication." | ( Chen, D; Dunn, DW; Farlow, MR; Lahiri, DK; Maloney, B; Sokol, DK; Zimmer, JA, 2006) |
| "The rise in autism is paradoxical in that autism is considered to be one of the most genetically determined of the major neurodevelopmental disorders and should accordingly either be stable or even declining." | ( Previc, FH, 2007) |
| "Autism is a developmental brain disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, language and behavior." | ( Blue, ME; Boylan, CB; Hohmann, CF, 2007) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unclear etiology." | ( Ataíde, A; Bento, C; Correia, C; Coutinho, AM; Marques, C; Martins, M; Miguel, TS; Moore, JH; Morgadinho, T; Oliveira, G; Sousa, I; Vicente, AM, 2007) |
| "Autism is complex neuro-developmental disorder which has a symptomatic diagnosis in patients characterized by disorders in language/communication, behavior, and social interactions." | ( Adams, JB; Boris, M; Edelson, SM; Elice, MW; Feinstein, DL; Goldblatt, A; Kaiser, CC, 2007) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting before 3 years of age with deficits in communication and social skills and repetitive behaviors." | ( Connors, SL; Pardo, CA; Pletnikov, M; Seidler, FJ; Slotkin, TA; Vargas, DL; Zerrate, MC; Zimmerman, AW, 2007) |
| "Autism is a developmental, cognitive disorder clinically characterized by impaired social interaction, communication and restricted behaviours." | ( Bjerkenstedt, L; Edman, G; Fernell, E; Karagiannakis, A; Venizelos, N; Wiesel, FA, 2007) |
| "Autism is referred to as cerebral lateralization abnormality." | ( Balci, N; Dane, S, 2007) |
| "Though causes of autism are considered largely genetic, considerable concern remains that exposure to Rh immune globulin (RhIg), which until 2001 in the United States contained the preservative thimerosal, can cause autism." | ( Miles, JH; Takahashi, TN, 2007) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology." | ( Dettmer, K; Hammock, BD; Hanna, D; Hansen, R; Whetstone, P, 2007) |
| "Children with autism are known to have larger head circumferences; whether they are above average in height and weight is less clear." | ( Brasington, M; Chrousos, GP; England, LJ; Hediger, ML; Manning-Courtney, P; Mills, JL; Molloy, CA; Yu, KF, 2007) |
| "Autism is often associated with sensory symptoms, but few studies have examined chemosensory functions in this population." | ( Bennetto, L; Hyman, SL; Kuschner, ES, 2007) |
| "Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in early childhood." | ( Anitha, A; Hattori, E; Iwata, Y; Iwayama, Y; Kawai, M; Matsuzaki, H; Miyachi, T; Mori, N; Nakamura, K; Ouchi, Y; Sekine, Y; Suda, S; Sugihara, G; Sugiyama, T; Suzuki, K; Takei, N; Thanseem, I; Toyoda, T; Toyota, T; Tsuchiya, K; Tsujii, M; Yamada, K; Yoshikawa, T, 2007) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with early manifestation." | ( Ahmed, S; Chatterjee, A; Das, S; Dutta, S; Ghosh, S; Guhathakurta, S; Sen, B; Sinha, S; Usha, R, 2007) |
| "Autism is a hereditary, pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that starts early in life." | ( Bujas-Petković, Z; Dogas, Z; Marinović-Curin, J; Marinović-Terzić, I; Skrabić, V; Terzić, J; Zekan, L, 2008) |
| "Autism is more common in areas of impaired UVB penetration such as poleward latitudes, urban areas, areas with high air pollution, and areas of high precipitation." | ( Cannell, JJ, 2008) |
| "Autism is a profound disorder of neurodevelopment with poorly understood biological origins." | ( Ashwood, P; Braunschweig, D; Croen, LA; Hansen, R; Hertz-Picciotto, I; Krakowiak, P; Pessah, IN; Van de Water, J, 2008) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction, language, communication, and stereotyped, repetitive behavior." | ( Delgado-Luengo, W; Hernández, ML; Solís-Añez, E, 2007) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in delays in social interaction, language used in social communication, and symbolic or imaginative play, with an onset prior to age 3 years." | ( Allam, H; ElDine, NG; Helmy, G, 2008) |
| "Autism is a severe behavioral disorder characterized by pervasive impairments in social interactions, deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, and stereotyped behaviors, with a four times higher incidence in boys than in girls." | ( Basta-Kaim, A; Budziszewska, B; Kubera, M; Przewłocki, R; Roman, A; Schneider, K; Schneider, T, 2008) |
| "Autism is a complex and life-long behavioural disorder of unknown aetiology." | ( Cosford, R; Deed, G; Dunstan, RH; Ellis, LB; Evans, C; Reichelt, KL; Roberts, TK; Rothkirch, T; Sparkes, DL, 2008) |
| "Autism is accompanied by peripheral and central disorders in the metabolism of serotonin (5-HT)." | ( Croonenberghs, J; Deboutte, D; Maes, M; Scharpe, S; Spaas, K; Verkerk, R; Wauters, A, 2008) |
| "Autism is characterized by impairment in communication and social interaction, by repetitive behaviours and by difficulty in adapting to novel experiences." | ( Carmean, V; Corbett, BA; Levine, S; Mendoza, S; Wegelin, JA, 2008) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by three core symptom domains: speech and communication abnormalities, social functioning impairments and repetitive behaviours and restricted interests." | ( Bartz, JA; Hollander, E, 2008) |
| "Autism is characterized as one of the pervasive developmental disorders, a spectrum of often severe behavioral and cognitive disturbances of early development." | ( Abramson, RK; Anderson, BM; Bartlett, J; Cuccaro, ML; Gilbert, JR; Haines, JL; Pericak-Vance, MA; Schnetz-Boutaud, NC; Wotawa, AM; Wright, HH, 2009) |
| "Autism is increasing-but why? Birth defect prevention trials were based on the teleological assumption that folic acid could prevent neural tube defects without consideration of long-term effects, some of which could be beneficial, some of which might be harmful." | ( Leeming, RJ; Lucock, M, 2009) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and language deficits, ritualistic-repetitive behaviors and disturbance in motor functions." | ( Koibuchi, N; Sajdel-Sulkowska, EM; Xu, M, 2009) |
| "Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a triad of complications." | ( Abramson, RK; Anderson, BM; Bartlett, J; Cuccaro, ML; Gilbert, JR; Haines, JL; Pericak-Vance, MA; Schnetz-Boutaud, N; Wright, HH, 2008) |
| "Autism is considered a definable systemic disorder resulting in a number of diverse factors that may affect the brain development and functions both pre and post natal." | ( Al-Ayadhi, L; Al-Mosalem, OA; Attas, O; El-Ansary, A, 2009) |
| "The causes of autism are not yet elucidated, but both genetics and environment seem to play a role in 10 to 25% of autism cases." | ( Contejean, Y; Desjardins, S; Doyen, C; Kaye, K; Paubel, P, 2009) |
| "Autism is a neurological disorder that manifests as noticeable behavioral and developmental abnormalities predominantly in males between the ages of 2 and 10." | ( Fisk, M; Goodenowe, DB; Heath, D; Jin, W; Kavianpour, A; Khine Su-Myat, K; Lu, Y; Pastural, E; Ritchie, S; Wood, PL, 2009) |
| "Autism is a complex disorder with a high degree of heritability and significant phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity." | ( Abramson, RK; Anderson, BM; Brown, KD; Cuccaro, ML; Gilbert, JR; Haines, JL; Pericak-Vance, MA; Schnetz-Boutaud, NC; Wright, HH, 2009) |
| "Autism is a behaviorally characterized disorder with impairments in social interactions, as well as stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests." | ( Imura, Y; Kamada, N; Narita, M; Narita, N; Oyabu, A; Tano, K; Uchida, A; Yokoyama, T, 2010) |
| "The etiology of autism is a topic of controversial debate, while researchers strive to achieve a common objective." | ( Currenti, SA, 2010) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by social and emotional deficits, language impairments and stereotyped behaviors that manifest in early postnatal life." | ( Al-Ayadhi, L; Al-Daihan, S; Al-Dbass, A; El-Ansary, A, 2010) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal reciprocal social interactions, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests." | ( Barkan, CL; Crawley, JN; Silverman, JL; Tolu, SS, 2010) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by repetitive and/or obsessive interests and behavior and by deficits in sociability and communication." | ( Futatsubashi, M; Iwata, Y; Matsuzaki, H; Mori, N; Nakamura, K; Ouchi, Y; Sekine, Y; Suda, S; Sugihara, G; Sugiyama, T; Suzuki, K; Takei, N; Tsuchiya, KJ; Tsujii, M; Yoshikawa, E, 2010) |
| "Autism is a disorder characterized by social withdrawal, impoverished language and empathy, and a profound inability to adopt another's viewpoint - a failure to construct a "theory of mind" for interpreting another person's thoughts and intentions." | ( Brang, D; Ramachandran, VS, 2010) |
| "Autism is characterized by abnormal prefrontal brain activation during cognitive control, a potential biomarker of repetitive behaviors." | ( Bodfish, J; Dichter, GS; Felder, JN; Lam, KS; Mahorney, S; Sikich, L; Turner-Brown, L, 2010) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous, behaviorally defined developmental disorder with unknown etiology but thought to be the result of environmental insult acting upon the developing brain of a genetically susceptible individual." | ( Bhattacharya, P; Mirochnitchenko, O; Patti, L; Wagner, GC; Yochum, CL, 2010) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a deficit of language and communication both associated with a restricted repertoire of activities and interests." | ( Ardourel, MY; Baala, L; Briault, S; Laumonnier, F; Menuet, A; Montécot-Dubourg, C; Mortaud, S; Perche, O; Pichon, J; Richard, O; Robin, V, 2010) |
| "Autism is an early onset developmental disorder with a severe life-long impact on behavior and social functioning that has associated metabolic abnormalities." | ( Angley, M; Holmes, E; Lindon, JC; Nicholson, JK; Veselkov, KA; Yap, IK, 2010) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is increasingly being recognized as a public health issue." | ( Angley, MT; Fenech, M; Main, PA; O'Doherty, CE; Thomas, P, 2010) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with pathogenesis not completely understood." | ( Auteri, A; Blardi, P; Ceccatelli, L; de Lalla, A; Hayek, J; Vanessa, G, 2010) |
| "Autism is a complex psychiatric illness but has received considerable attention as a developmental brain disorder not only from basic researchers but also from society." | ( Takumi, T, 2010) |
| "The etiology of autism is unclear, however autism is considered as a multifactorial disorder that is influenced by neurological, environmental, immunological and genetic factors." | ( Aral, A; Bodur, S; Ceylan, MF; Güney, E; Işeri, E; Sener, S; Yücel, A, 2011) |
| "Autism is a multi-factorial pathology observed in children with altered levels of essential and elevated levels of toxic elements." | ( Geetha, A; Lakshmi Priya, MD, 2011) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that forms part of a spectrum of related disorders referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorders." | ( Akhondzadeh, S; Ghanizadeh, A; Mohammadi, MR; Rezaei, V; Rezazadeh, SA; Sahraian, A; Tabrizi, M, 2010) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three core symptom domains: speech and communication deficits, repetitive or compulsive behaviors with restricted interests, and social impairment." | ( Green, JJ; Hollander, E, 2010) |
| "Autism is a behaviourally defined neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology." | ( Block, E; Chomiak, T; Hu, B; Karnik, V, 2010) |
| "The etiology of autism is still unknown, with research continuing from different directions." | ( Bornstein, J; Solt, I, 2010) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood with poorly understood etiology and pathology." | ( Abdel-Raouf, ER; Dardir, AA; Hashish, A; Meguid, NA, 2011) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal reciprocal social interactions, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests." | ( Bell, DB; Crawley, JN; Katz, AM; Koenig, JI; Silverman, JL; Turner, SM; Yang, M, 2010) |
| "Autism is a multi-factorial neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Brown, WT; Huo, LR; Jenkins, EC; Ju, W; Shen, C; Yan, GD; Yan, W; Zhao, XL; Zhong, N; Zou, JH; Zou, XB, 2011) |
| "Autism is a disorder of early childhood characterized by social impairment, communication abnormalities and stereotyped behaviors." | ( Hamza, RT; Hewedi, DH; Ismail, MA, 2010) |
| "Children with autism are frequently prescribed atypical antipsychotic medications for these behaviors." | ( Aman, MG; Farmer, CA, 2011) |
| "Autism is a complex disorder which is heterogeneous in nature with varying degrees of severity for which no specific biological marker has been identified." | ( Geetha, A; Lakshmi Priya, MD, 2011) |
| "Autism is often associated with multiple developmental anomalies including asymmetric facial palsy." | ( Imura, Y; Narita, M; Narita, N; Oyabu, A; Tashiro, Y; Uchida, A, 2011) |
| "Autism is characterized by repetitive behaviors and impaired socialization and communication." | ( Beversdorf, DQ; Bodner, KE; Christ, SE; Higgins, KF; Kanne, SM; Saklayen, S, 2011) |
| "Autism is a pervasive, heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental disability characterized by impairments in verbal communications, reciprocal social interactions, and restricted repetitive stereotyped behaviors." | ( Barua, M; Chen, W; Jenkins, EC; Junaid, MA; Kuizon, S; Pullarkat, RK, 2011) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by social and emotional deficits, language impairments and stereotyped behaviors that manifest in early postnatal life." | ( Al-Ayahdi, LY; Bacha, AG; El-Ansary, AK, 2011) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social difficulties, impaired communication skills and repetitive behavioral patterns." | ( Kulesza, RJ; Lukose, R; Murawski, NJ; Schmidt, E; Wolski, TP, 2011) |
| "Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterised by impairment in social interaction and communication, with unusual behavior." | ( Curković, M; Dodig-Curković, K; Radić, J; Radić, M, 2011) |
| "Autism is characterized by behavioral impairments in three main domains: social interaction; language, communication and imaginative play; and range of interests and activities." | ( Bambini-Junior, V; Behr, GA; Gottfried, C; Moreira, JC; Riesgo, R; Rodrigues, L, 2011) |
| "Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental components." | ( Aschner, M; Haines, JL; Owens, SE; Reiss, S; Ryckman, KK; Summar, ML; Summar, SR, 2011) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous group of life-long neurologic problems that begin in childhood." | ( Dow, CT, 2011) |
| "Autism is neuropsychiatric disorder in which a hyperglutamate state may play a role." | ( Ghanizadeh, A, 2011) |
| "Autism is a complex psychiatric illness which has received considerable attention as a developmental brain disorder." | ( Takumi, T, 2011) |
| "Autism is a multifaceted developmental disorder infrequently accompanied by abnormal eating practices." | ( Matsui, K; Takamasu, T; Tanoue, K, 2012) |
| "Autism is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology but very likely resulting from both genetic and environmental factors." | ( Maher, P, 2012) |
| "Autism is a neurological-psychiatric disease." | ( Albizzati, A; Di Candia, D; Lenti, C; Morè, L; Saccani, M, 2012) |
| "Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder, with impairments in reciprocal social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication." | ( Niederhofer, H, 2009) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous, behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Audhya, T; Chauhan, A; Chauhan, V, 2012) |
| "Although autism is diagnosed according to three core features of social deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors, other behavioral features such as sensory and motor impairments are present in more than 70% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)." | ( Devine, DP; Millette, A; Reynolds, S, 2012) |
| "Autism is a highly disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, language impairment, and repetitive behaviors." | ( Gandal, MJ; Roberts, TP; Saunders, JA; Siegel, SJ, 2012) |
| "Autism is characterized by impaired processing of emotional information." | ( Bauman, ML; Beversdorf, DQ; Bonab, AA; Dougherty, DD; Felopulos, GJ; Fischman, AJ; Nordgren, RE; Weise, SB; Zhou, FC, 2012) |
| "Autism is associated with activation of the inflammatory response system." | ( Akhondzadeh, S; Asadabadi, M; Ashrafi, M; Forghani, S; Ghanizadeh, A; Hassanzadeh, E; Modabbernia, A; Mohammadi, MR, 2013) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the first diagnostic symptom is unusual reciprocal social interactions." | ( Crawley, JN; Gastrell, PT; Karras, MN; Oliver, CF; Silverman, JL, 2013) |
| "Autism is one of the most severe childhood neuropsychiatric disorders." | ( Gupta, M; Subramaniam, P, 2011) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes significant impairment in socialization and communication." | ( Akhondzadeh, S; Asadabadi, M; Ghaleiha, A; Hajiaghaee, R; Hassanzadeh, E; Mohammadi, MR; Shahei, M; Tabrizi, M, 2013) |
| "Autism is a complex developmental disorder with an unknown etiology and without any curative treatment." | ( Alavi Shoushtari, A; Berk, M; Farrashbandi, H; Ghanizadeh, A; Villagonzalo, KA, 2013) |
| "Autism is a debilitating neurodevelopment disorder characterised by stereotyped interests and behaviours, and abnormalities in verbal and non-verbal communication." | ( Braidy, N; Essa, MM; Guillemin, GJ; Subash, S; Vijayan, KR, 2013) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired reciprocal social interaction, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors." | ( Angoa-Peréz, M; Briggs, DI; Francescutti, DM; Kane, MJ; Kuhn, DM; Rosenberg, DR; Sykes, CE, 2012) |
| "Autism is increasingly being recognized in young people with average and above intelligence." | ( Bradbury, J; Browne, G; Cashin, A; Mulder, A, 2013) |
| "Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that is characterized by the behavioral traits of impaired social cognition and communication, and repetitive and/or obsessive behavior and interests." | ( Sato, K, 2013) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous disorder with genetic and environmental factors likely contributing to its origins." | ( Hertz-Picciotto, I; Lurmann, F; McConnell, R; Penfold, B; Volk, HE, 2013) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication accompanied with repetitive behavioral patterns and unusual stereotyped interests." | ( de Oliveira, BH; Moreira, JC; Noda, M; Rybarczyk-Filho, JL; Salmina, AB; Zeidán-Chuliá, F, 2013) |
| "The disorder of autism is widely recognised throughout the world." | ( Freeth, M; Milne, E; Ramachandran, R; Sheppard, E, 2013) |
| "Early infantile autism is a severe form of childhood psychiatric disease with characteristic symptoms." | ( Hai, du Q; Kovács, A; László, A; Novák, Z; Szőllősi-Varga, I; Vetró, Á, 2013) |
| "Allergy induced autism is an area of research wherein immune responses to some allergens may play a pathogenic role in autism." | ( Al-Ayadhi, LY; Mostafa, GA, 2013) |
| "Autism is a neurological disorder that occurs during childhood and is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors." | ( Baek, SS; Ji, ES; Kim, CJ; Kim, JE; Lee, SJ; Park, JK; Seo, TB; Shin, MS, 2013) |
| "Autism is characterized by behavioral impairments in three main domains: social interaction; language, communication and imaginative play; and the range of interests and activities." | ( Edalatmanesh, MA; Moghadas, M; Nikfarjam, H; Vafaee, F, 2013) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with social deficits and behavioral abnormalities." | ( Chauhan, A; Chauhan, V; Gu, F, 2013) |
| "Autism is a behaviorally defined, neurological disorder with symptom onset before the age of 3." | ( Blatt, GJ; Gibbs, TT; Oblak, A, 2013) |
| "Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder,thought to be caused by a combination of genetic heritability and environmental risk factors." | ( Guo, Y; Han, JS; Han, SP; Jia, MX; Li, J; Shou, XJ; Wei, QY; Xu, XJ; Zhang, JS; Zhang, R; Zhang, XT, 2013) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiopathogenesis associated with structural and functional abnormalities of neurons and increased formation of reactive oxygen species." | ( Brown, WT; Frackowiak, J; Mazur-Kolecka, B; Schanen, NC; Wegiel, J, 2013) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder defined by the presence of a triad of communication, social and stereo typical behavioral characteristics with onset before 3years of age." | ( Du, YJ; Tan, HP; Yang, CJ, 2014) |
| "Autism is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with manifestation within 3 years after birth." | ( Babinská, K; Crane, FL; Gvozdjáková, A; Kucharská, J; Nakládal, D; Ostatníková, D, 2014) |
| "Autism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Chauhan, A; Chauhan, V; Gu, F; Kaur, K, 2014) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear pathogenesis." | ( Al-Ayadhi, LY; Al-Zaid, FS; Alhader, AA, 2014) |
| "Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by profound social and verbal communication deficits, stereotypical motor behaviors, restricted interests, and cognitive abnormalities." | ( Friston, K; Quattrocki, E, 2014) |
| "Regressive autism is a devastating disorder affecting children between the ages of 15-30 months." | ( Cook, D; Dhurjati, P; Downs, R; Perna, J; Vitelli, A, 2014) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors." | ( Blusztajn, JK; Krykbaeva, M; Langley, EA; Mellott, TJ, 2015) |
| "Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and repetitive behaviors." | ( Du, YJ; Liu, CL; Sang, B; Yang, CJ; Zhu, XM, 2015) |
| "Autism is a developmental disability characterized by severe deficits in social interaction and communication." | ( Yassa, HA, 2014) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic predisposition." | ( Huo, LR; Shen, C; Wang, PR; Zhao, XL; Zhong, N, 2015) |
| "Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a population prevalence of 1 in 68, and dramatically increasing." | ( Gibb, R; Harker, A; Kolb, B; Raza, S; Richards, S, 2015) |
| "Autism is marked by impairments in social reciprocity and communication, along with restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors." | ( Bregman, JD; Ikuta, T; Shafritz, KM; Szeszko, PR, 2015) |
| "Autism is a brain developmental disorder with characteristics of social interaction defects, language and communication dysfunction, and repetitive behavior." | ( Heo, Y; Hwang, SR; Jo, JH; Kim, CY; Kim, HA; Shin, KM, 2015) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social and communication abilities, as well as by restricted and repetitive behaviors." | ( Hagen, E; Kumar, U; Mazarati, A; Minakova, E; Sankar, R; Shin, D; Shprung, D; Washington, J, 2015) |
| "Autism is characterized by deficits in social interaction and social recognition." | ( Banno, T; Ichinohe, N; Kawai, N; Nakagaki, K; Nakagami, A; Yasue, M, 2015) |
| "Autism is characterized by social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive inflexibility." | ( Bernardes, S; Bernardi, MM; Chaves-Kirsten, GP; Felicio, LF; Kirsten, TB; Sarkis, JE; Scavone, C, 2015) |
| "Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social behavior, communication, and aberrant repetitive behaviors." | ( Gibb, R; Harker, A; Himmler, BT; Himmler, SM; Kolb, B; Pellis, SM; Raza, S, 2015) |
| "While autism is diagnosed predominantly in boys, we were unable to perform the analysis by sex owing to difficulty recruiting enough female patients." | ( Gao, J; Liang, S; Sumner, SJ; Sun, C; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wu, L; Wu, S; Xia, W; Zhang, F, 2016) |
| "Interventions for autism are limited." | ( Davenport, TA; Einfeld, SL; Guastella, AJ; Hickie, IB; Yatawara, CJ, 2016) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder." | ( Kumar, H; Sharma, B, 2016) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal reciprocal social interactions, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests." | ( Ding, C; Hu, F; Jin, G; Liu, J; Wei, H; Yin, H, 2015) |
| "Human autism is comorbid with epilepsy, yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined neurological syndrome." | ( Barth, DS; Benison, AM; Bercum, FM; Dudek, FE; Grabenstatter, HL; Kornreich, E; Rodgers, KM; Smith, ZZ; Taylor, J, 2015) |
| "The aetiology of autism is complex, but some studies suggest autoimmunity to the central nervous system in the pathogenesis." | ( Bayram, AK; Canpolat, M; Demirci, EO; Gokahmetoglu, S; Gumus, H; Kardas, F; Kumandas, S; Ozmen, S; Oztop, DB; Per, H, 2016) |
| "Autism is one of the most common subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)." | ( Atasever-Arslan, B; Durasi, İM; Kalkan, Z; Sezerman, U, 2016) |
| "Autism is a disease of complex nature with a significant genetic component." | ( Alavi Shoushtari, A; Bahramali, E; Bazrafkan, M; Erfani, N; Fathi, F; Firouzabadi, N; Ghazanfari, N, 2016) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in rodents is the most frequently studied environmentally triggered autism models." | ( Ren, J; Tian, Y; Wang, P; Wei, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, J, 2016) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that clinically presented as cognitive deficits, social impairments and sensory dysfunction." | ( Al-Ayadhi, L; El-Ansary, A; Qasem, H, 2016) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that displays significant heterogeneity." | ( Das, UN; El-Ansary, A; Hassan, WM; Qasem, H, 2016) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder identified with higher frequency of serotonin abnormalities and gastrointestinal (GI) and sleep problems." | ( Kalejahi, P; Kheirouri, S; Noorazar, SG, 2016) |
| "Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Abdel-Al, H; Al-Sawi, M; Zaki, MM, 2017) |
| "Autism is characterized by numerous behavioral impairments, such as in communication, socialization and cognition." | ( Bernardi, MM; Cezar, LC; da Fonseca, CCN; de Lima, APN; Felicio, LF; Kirsten, TB, 2018) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive behaviors." | ( Duffney, LJ; Liu, A; Ma, K; Matas, E; Qin, L; Yan, Z, 2018) |
| "Autism is characterized by social deficits, communication abnormalities, and repetitive behaviors." | ( Bernardi, MM; Casarin, RC; Felicio, LF; Kirsten, TB, 2018) |
| "Autism is a challenging neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Elgendy, H; Elmorsy, SA; Rashed, LA; Soliman, GF, 2019) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder which significantly impacts the quality of people's life." | ( Li, L; Liu, X; Meng, S; Wang, Y; Zhao, S; Zheng, Y, 2018) |
| "Autism is a brain disorder characterized by social impairments." | ( Farmer, C; Garner, JP; Hardan, AY; Oztan, O; Parker, KJ; Partap, S; Sherr, EH; Swedo, SE; Thurm, A, 2018) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social cognitive abilities resulting in communication or sensory deficits, and stereotyped behaviors in millions of people worldwide." | ( Ahmad, SF; Al-Harbi, NO; Alshammari, MA; Alzahrani, KS; Attia, SM; Bakheet, SA; Nadeem, A, 2019) |
| "Autism is a developmental disorder with a neurobiological aetiology." | ( Carrier, J; Godbout, R; Lehoux, T, 2019) |
| "Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and social interactions, and repetitive behaviors." | ( Imai, M; Lwin, TT; Mar, O; Nway, NC; Watanabe, H; Win-Shwe, TT, 2018) |
| "Autism is far more prevalent in males than females, and sex-specific properties of PCs have been reported recently." | ( Bailly, Y; Bossu, JL; Roux, S, 2019) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disease which is characterized by its core behavioral symptoms such as impairment in social interaction and stereotyped repetitive behavior." | ( Ahmad, SF; Al-Harbi, NO; Alqahtani, F; Alqinyah, M; Attia, SM; Bakheet, SA; Ibrahim, KE; Nadeem, A, 2019) |
| "Autism is a neuro-developmental pathology affecting 1 out of 100 children worldwide." | ( Bossu, JL; Roux, S, 2019) |
| "Autism is still diagnosed on the basis of subjective assessments of elusive notions such as interpersonal contact and social reciprocity." | ( Daunizeau, J; Devaine, M; Forgeot d'Arc, B, 2020) |
| "Autism is a neuropathology characterized by behavioral disorders." | ( Baldissarelli, J; de Mattos, BDS; de Souza, AA; Gamaro, GD; Pedra, NS; Soares, MSP; Spanevello, RM; Spohr, L; Stefanello, FM; Teixeira, FC, 2020) |
| "Autism is hypothesized to be in part driven by a reduced sensitivity to the inherently rewarding nature of social stimuli." | ( Aylward, E; Bernier, RA; Bookheimer, SY; Dapretto, M; Eilbott, J; Gaab, N; Geschwind, DH; Hernandez, LM; Jack, A; Lawrence, KE; McPartland, JC; Nelson, CA; Pelphrey, KA; Van Horn, JD; Webb, SJ, 2020) |
| "Autism is thought to be associated with both environmental and genetic factors." | ( Chen, M; Han, Q; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Xie, J, 2021) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition defined on clinical criteria related to diminished social reciprocity and stereotyped behavior." | ( Forgeot d'Arc, B; Pessiglione, M; Vinckier, F, 2021) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder belonging to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD)." | ( Bhardwaj, S; Chopra, C; Dhanjal, DS; Kuca, K; Nepovimova, E; Patocka, J; Plucar, B; Singh, R; Valis, M, 2022) |
| "Autism is a neurobiological developmental disorder characterized by poor social interaction and communication, narrow interests, and stereotyped behaviors." | ( Arberas, C; Ruggieri, V, 2022) |
| "Autism is a clinically defined neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown origin characterized by significant social, communication and behavioral challenges." | ( Bozkurt, MF; Erbas, O; Ozkul, B; Sever, IH, 2022) |
| "Autism is a kind of biologically based neurodevelopmental condition, and the coexistence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not uncommon." | ( Hong, RP; Hou, YY; Jin, YF; Lang, JD; Tian, G; Xu, XJ; You, X; Zeng, XF; Zhang, X, 2022) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a neurobiological basis, characterized by a qualitative disturbance in social interaction and communication, associated with restricted interests and stereotyped behaviors." | ( Ruggieri, V, 2022) |
| "Autism is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a neurotransmitter imbalance that impairs neurodevelopment processes." | ( Bhalla, S; Mehan, S, 2022) |
| "Autism is characterized by two key diagnostic criteria including social deficits and repetitive behaviors." | ( Cheng, Q; Di, Y; Diao, Z; Fan, J; Fang, S; Han, J; Li, J; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ren, W; Tian, Y; Wang, H; Wei, C; Zheng, Q, 2022) |
| "Autism is characterized by two key diagnostic criteria including social deficits and repetitive behaviors." | ( Cheng, Q; Di, Y; Diao, Z; Fan, J; Fang, S; Han, J; Li, J; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ren, W; Tian, Y; Wang, H; Wei, C; Zheng, Q, 2022) |
| "Autism is characterized by two key diagnostic criteria including social deficits and repetitive behaviors." | ( Cheng, Q; Di, Y; Diao, Z; Fan, J; Fang, S; Han, J; Li, J; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ren, W; Tian, Y; Wang, H; Wei, C; Zheng, Q, 2022) |
| "Autism is a disorder that manifests itself in early childhood." | ( Gao, YQ; He, LL; Pan, XC; Shu, ZH; Xu, LB; Zhang, YY, 2022) |
| "Autism is a disorder that manifests itself in early childhood." | ( Gao, YQ; He, LL; Pan, XC; Shu, ZH; Xu, LB; Zhang, YY, 2022) |
| "The autism is an abnormality in the neuronal advance which starts before age 3 recognized by defective behaviors." | ( Eslami, A; Hasantabar, V; Jelodar, SK; Moghaddam, AH; Ranjbar, M, 2023) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder." | ( Li, YD; Man, MQ; Wang, B; Wang, ZY; Zhang, GQ; Zhao, JQ, 2023) |
| "The etiology of autism is hypothesized to include both biological and environmental factors (Watts, 2008)." | ( Arnold, LE; Hendren, RL; Simkin, DR; Vandana, P, 2023) |
| "Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition, and it's associated pathophysiology, viz." | ( Ahsan, AU; Budhwar, M; Chopra, M; Mehra, S; Sharma, M, 2023) |
| "Autism is a neurobehavioral disease that induces cognitive and behavioral alterations, usually accompanied by oxidative stress in the brain." | ( Abbarin, D; Raise-Abdullahi, P; Rashidy-Pour, A; Sedaghat, K; Seyedinia, SA; Tarahomi, P; Vafaei, AA; Yaribeygi, H, 2023) |