Page last updated: 2024-10-06
Glucose-Alanine Cycle
Proteins (8)
| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|
| Alanine aminotransferase 2 | ALT2; EC 2.6.1.2; Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2; GPT 2; Glutamic--alanine transaminase 2; Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alanine aminotransferase 1 | ALT1; EC 2.6.1.2; Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 1; GPT 1; Glutamic--alanine transaminase 1; Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 | Glucose transporter type 2, liver; GLUT-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neutral amino acid transporter A | Alanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 1; ASCT-1; SATT; Solute carrier family 1 member 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 | Glucose transporter type 4, insulin-responsive; GLUT-4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial | GDH 1; EC 1.4.1.3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 4 | Amino acid transporter A3; Na(+)-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 4; Solute carrier family 38 member 4; System A amino acid transporter 3; System N amino acid transporter 3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 | GC-1; Glutamate/H(+) symporter 1; Solute carrier family 25 member 22 | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (10)
| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| pyruvic acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| ammonium hydroxide | The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution. |
| glutamic acid | A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| NADH | |
| Glucose | A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| alpha-ketoglutaric acid | |
| NAD | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| alanine | A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |