Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Glucose-Alanine Cycle

Proteins (8)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Alanine aminotransferase 2ALT2; EC 2.6.1.2; Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2; GPT 2; Glutamic--alanine transaminase 2; Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Alanine aminotransferase 1ALT1; EC 2.6.1.2; Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 1; GPT 1; Glutamic--alanine transaminase 1; Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2Glucose transporter type 2, liver; GLUT-2Homo sapiens (human)
Neutral amino acid transporter AAlanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 1; ASCT-1; SATT; Solute carrier family 1 member 4Homo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4Glucose transporter type 4, insulin-responsive; GLUT-4Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrialGDH 1; EC 1.4.1.3Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 4Amino acid transporter A3; Na(+)-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 4; Solute carrier family 38 member 4; System A amino acid transporter 3; System N amino acid transporter 3Homo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1GC-1; Glutamate/H(+) symporter 1; Solute carrier family 25 member 22Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (10)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
pyruvic acidAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
ammonium hydroxideThe hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
glutamic acidA non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
NADH
GlucoseA primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
NADA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alanineA non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.