Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 5352425 |
| CHEBI ID | 30180 |
| CHEBI ID | 27889 |
| CHEBI ID | 25016 |
| MeSH ID | M0012267 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| Q708 |
| pb(4+) |
| lead, ion (pb4+) |
| CHEBI:30180 |
| plumbylidyne |
| lead(0) |
| pb(0) |
| CHEBI:27889 , |
| lead metal |
| lead s 2 |
| lead element |
| ci 77575 |
| ks-4 |
| olow [polish] |
| ccris 1581 |
| einecs 231-100-4 |
| lead flake |
| hsdb 231 |
| glover |
| pb-s 100 |
| omaha & grant |
| rough lead bullion |
| lead s2 |
| lead, elemental |
| sso 1 |
| c.i. 77575 |
| lead, inorganic |
| lead |
| C06696 |
| 7439-92-1 |
| PB , |
| lead, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis |
| lead, powder, -100 mesh, 99.95% trace metals basis |
| lead, shot, <2 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis |
| lead, powder, -325 mesh, >=99% trace metals basis |
| lead, shot, 1-3 mm, 99.9995% trace metals basis |
| CHEBI:25016 , |
| plomb |
| 82pb |
| lead atom |
| plumbum |
| blei |
| plomo |
| lead 240 |
| 54076-28-7 |
| 240pb |
| lead isotope of mass 240 |
| lead cation pb4+ |
| unii-7y62ste4m2 |
| 7y62ste4m2 , |
| 14452-81-4 |
| lead ion (1 ) |
| L007100000 |
| hsdb 6923 |
| N420 , |
| ec 231-100-4 |
| olow |
| 2p299v784p , |
| unii-2p299v784p |
| plumbum metallicum |
| lead [iarc] |
| lead [mi] |
| lead [mart.] |
| lead powder |
| metallic lead |
| lead [hsdb] |
| lead [who-dd] |
| plumbum metallicum [hpus] |
| lead wire, 0.25mm (0.01in) dia |
| lead foil, 0.76mm (0.03in) thick |
| lead shot, 3mm (0.1in) |
| lead granules, +30 mesh |
| lead powder, -100 mesh |
| plumbic ion |
| lead(iv) ion |
| lead ion(4+) |
| pb4+ |
| lead wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia |
| lead foil, 1.6mm (0.063in) thick, 30x30cm |
| lead rod, 9.5mm (0.37in) dia |
| lead powder, -200 mesh |
| lead antimony shot, 2mm (0.08in) |
| lead rod, 5mm (0.2in) dia, 99.9999% (metals basis) |
| lead foil, 0.25mm (0.01in) thick, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| lead bar, approximately 1.35x2.54x30.5cm (0.53x1.0x12.0in) |
| lead wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| lead foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| lead foil, 0.1mm (0.004in) thick, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| lead wire, 0.75mm (0.03in) dia |
| lead foil, 1.19mm (0.0469in) thick |
| lead shot, 4mm (0.2in) |
| lead wire, 0.5mm (0.02in) dia, puratronic |
| lead foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick, 99.9995% (metals basis) |
| lead rod, 10mm (0.39in) dia |
| lead foil, 0.5mm (0.02in) thick, puratronic(r) |
| lead granules, 0.6-4.0mm, (0.02-0.12in) |
| lead rod, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia, 99.9998% (metals basis) |
| lead plate, 6.35mm (0.25in) thick |
| AKOS028108231 |
| zn7 , |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead (impurities), manufactured by mbh analytical ltd (83x pr8) |
| lead, shot, 1-3 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis |
| lead granules |
| lead rod |
| lead wire |
| mfcd00134050 |
| lead slug, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia x 6.35mm (0.25in) length, 99.999% (metals basis) |
| lead wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia, 99.99% (metals basis) |
| lead rod, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia |
| lead wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia |
| lead ingot |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, high purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 6.78mm, inside diameter 4.7mm, wall thickness 1.04mm, 99.9% |
| lead, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 1000mm, diameter 19.0mm, 99.95% |
| lead, wire, 0.6 mm diameter, length 2 m, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 5.0 mm diameter, length 1000 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, high purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 100mm, diameter 6.35mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 25 mm diameter, high purity 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, temporary acrylic support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, length 2 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 500 x 500 mm, purity 99.5% |
| lead, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 6.78mm, inside diameter 4.7mm, wall thickness 1.04mm, 99.9% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 500 g, high purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 6.0 mm, size 250 x 250 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 5.0 mm diameter, length 100 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, tolerance 0.2 |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, length 1 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0025mm, temporary acrylic support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 500 x 1000 mm, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, size 300 x 300 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, length 2 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, length 500 mm, 5.0 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, powder, 45 max. part. size (micron), weight 1000 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 266.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 1047.8mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, powder, max. particle size 150 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, rod, 500mm, diameter 19.0mm, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, rod, 50mm, diameter 50mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.025mum, specific density 30.9mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 1000mm, diameter 6.35mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.35mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.75 mm, size 300 x 300 mm, temper as rolled |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1mum, specific density 103.4mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 2000 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, size 300 x 300 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 1000mm, diameter 3.2mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 1047.8mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, high purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, length 5 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 300x300mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 100mm, diameter 19.0mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 200mm, diameter 50mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, powder, 150 max. part. size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, length 5 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 6.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 300x300mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 75x100mm, thickness 2.7mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 500x500mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 1000 x 1000 mm, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 1000x1000mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 500x1000mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 500 x 1000 mm, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 500mm, diameter 6.35mm, 99.95% |
| lead, powder, max. particle size 150 micron, weight 2000 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| lead, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 10 g, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 500x500mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 500mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, rod, 200mm, diameter 19.0mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire, 0.6 mm diameter, length 1 m, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0025mm, temporary acrylic support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 1000 x 1000 mm, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, powder, max. particle size 150 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 500x1000mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 266.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.78mm, inside diameter 4.7mm, wall thickness 1.04mm, 99.9% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 100mm, diameter 50mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.7mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, temporary acrylic support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 90 x 125 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 6.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, high purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 20m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 500 x 500 mm, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 6.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.001mm, temporary acrylic support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, length 1 m, purity 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 250x250mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, powder, 45 max. part. size (micron), weight 500 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 6.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.0045 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, tolerance 0.2 |
| lead, rod, 5.0 mm diameter, length 200 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, granule, 3 mm nominal granule size, weight 10 g, purity 99.97% |
| lead, wire, length 0.1 m, 0.6 mm diameter, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.78mm, inside diameter 4.7mm, wall thickness 1.04mm, 99.9% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, diameter 50 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.0045 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%) |
| lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.40 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 500x500mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, rod, 500mm, diameter 3.2mm, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 250x300mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.001mum, specific density 1.135mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.5% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, wire, length 0.5 m, 0.6 mm diameter, high purity 99.999% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100% |
| lead, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%) |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5% |
| lead, powder, 150 max. part. size (micron), weight 500 g, purity 99.5% |
| lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 3.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, tolerance 0.2 |
| lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 500x500mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| lead, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99.95% |
| lead, foil, thickness 0.20 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.95% |
| lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| lead, p.a. |
| common lead isotopic standard, nist(r) srm(r) 981 |
| bullet lead, nist(r) srm(r) c2416 |
| high-purity lead, nist(r) srm(r) c2418 |
| DTXSID50274754 |
| DTXSID70872438 |
| DTXSID2024161 , |
| Q27882203 |
| lead nanorods |
| lead nanowires |
| Q27110449 |
| lead single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, (110) orientation +/-2 degrees |
| lead single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, random orientation |
| lead single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, (100) orientation, +/-2 degrees |
| lead powder, -200 mesh, 99% (metals basis) |
| lead nanoprisms |
| lead nanopowder |
| lead nanowires properties |
| indium selenide (in2se3) sputtering targets |
| lead metal-shot |
| lead, granules |
| lead hollow cathode lamp: 1.5 diameter, 2-pin, non-coded |
| lead-free soil reference material: pb < 4 microg/g |
| lead hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 4-pin, cableless |
| lead hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 9-pin, non-coded |
| lead standard: pb @ 10 microg/ml in 2% hno3 |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.010 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.001 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 3.0 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 2.0 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 4.0 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead aa standard: pb @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| sulfur-free lead standard: pb @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| sulfur-free lead standard: pb @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| plumbum; lead metal; blei; lead, elemental |
| lead isotopic standard: pb @ 100 microg/ml in 2% hno3 (natural abundance) |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.1 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.000 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.100 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.005 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| lead standard: pb @ 1.0 g/gal in isooctane |
| ptp sample for lead in isooctane analysis |
| lead standard: pb @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.300 g/gal in isooctane |
| 10b - lead |
| lead standard: pb @ 10000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| lead standard: pb @ 5.0 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead standard: pb @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| lead standard: pb @ 0.050 g/gal in isooctane |
| lead inorganic |
| plumbum met |
| plumbum 5 |
| lead (iarc) |
| plumbum met. 30 special order |
| plumbum mel. |
| dtxcid804161 |
| plumbum metallicum 200c |
| lead (mart.) |
| plumbum 8 special order |
| lead sz |
| plumbum 12 |
| plumbum 8x |
| plumbum met. 20 special order |
| constipation cramps |
| plumbum 30 |
| lead - pb @ 10 microg/ml in 2% hno3 |
| lead - pb @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| lead - pb @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| lead - pb @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and has aroused widespread concern as it can cause severe impairments in the developing nervous system. The aim of the present work was to investigate the toxic effect of prolonged exposure to lead on albino rat's seminiferous tubules and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on lead toxicity.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The more toxic materials proved to be more radiopaque than the others." | ( Preliminary evaluation of the histotoxicity and radiopacity of lead-containing elastic impression materials. Brathwaite, WJ; Darmiento, L; Gettleman, L; Judes, H; Levine, P; Nathanson, D; Shklar, G, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " Cadmium was found to be at least five times more toxic than lead except at low concentration." | ( [Lead and cadmium toxicity in established mammalian cell lines]. Habazin-Novak, V; Hors, N; Skreb, Y, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " As much as 1% of the working population may have a significantly increased lead absorption with possible adverse effects." | ( Widening perspectives of lead toxicity. A review of health effects of lead exposure in adults. Grandjean, P, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " With the focus shifting from children with dangerously elevated body lead burdens to those with less significant exposures, increased attention has been directed to the various inherent metabolic and physical characteristics of the young that may influence the toxic effects of lead exposure." | ( Age and sensitivity to lead toxicity: a review. McCabe, EB, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The significance of these findings reveals itself in two ways: namely, that toxicologic investigations of lead and cadmium, whether experimental or clinical, must be based on a definitive consideration of the nutritional status of animals or people, and, secondly, that the preventive role of nutrition, especially that of trace metal intakes, must be taken seriously when establishing measures for reducing, eliminating, or combatting the toxic effects of widespread exposure to lead and cadmium in humans." | ( Some observations on the interaction of zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in lead and cadmium toxicity. Petering, HG, 1978) | 0.26 |
| "We analysed the toxic effect of lead chloride employing peritoneal macrophages of the mouse." | ( [Toxicity of lead chloride influenced by zinc iones in cultures of mouse macrophages (authors transl)]. Manojlovic, N; Ruiter, N; Seemayer, N, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " Based on the mg/kg/day of drug given over a 2-day period, the LD50 values were as follows: Pb(Ac)2, 215; Pb(NO3)2, 65." | ( Toxicity to heavy metals and relationship to seizure thresholds. Adler, CH; Adler, MW, 1977) | 0.26 |
| "Cadmium, mercury, and lead are toxic to humans and animals." | ( Metabolism and toxicity of cadmium, mercury, and lead in animals: a review. Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " These data suggest that soluble lead is far more toxic than particulate lead, and that the protective action of the Ca-2+ ion in lead toxicity is not on a specific cell type." | ( The relation of soluble lead to toxicity: an in vitro analysis. Douglass, OB; Lipetz, J, 1975) | 0.25 |
| "Lead may exert toxic effects on several organ systems, but those in the kidney are the most insidious." | ( Lead nephrotoxicity and associated disorders: biochemical mechanisms. Nolan, CV; Shaikh, ZA, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " In addition to a direct toxic effect upon the endothelial cells, lead may alter indirectly the microvasculature by damaging the astrocytes that provide signals for the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity." | ( Mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. Bressler, JP; Goldstein, GW, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " We used domestic fowls instead of waterfowls as the experimental birds, in order to make clear the distribution and the toxic effects of lead shot in the birds." | ( Toxic effects of ingested lead shots in domestic fowls. Hirai, M; Kawamoto, T; Kodama, Y, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " These data indicate that prepubertal rats may be less sensitive to the toxic effects of lead than are rats whose exposure begins after puberty has been initiated." | ( The effect of age of exposure on lead-induced testicular toxicity. Berman, N; Sokol, RZ, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " As expected, the reduction in leaded gasoline sales during the period reduced mean blood lead levels and increased the percentage of lead toxic children whose toxicity could be attributed to paint lead." | ( The risk of lead toxicity in homes with lead paint hazard. Levin, R; Schwartz, J, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Many of the toxic effects of lead on bone cell function may be produced by perturbation of the calcium and cAMP messenger systems in these cells." | ( Cellular and molecular toxicity of lead in bone. Long, GJ; Pounds, JG; Rosen, JF, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Since 1980, five papers have addressed questions concerning potential metal toxicity, safe shop practices, measurement of airborne vapors and metal particulates, and the results of biological testing of personnel fabricating secondary field shaping blocks." | ( The safety of low melting point bismuth/lead alloys: a review. Glasgow, GP, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " The complexity of the brain hampers such investigations because often it is not clear if apparent toxic effects represents changes secondary to somatic changes, such as endocrine or hematological defects, that could alter brain development, or even transneuronal effects caused by toxicity at a distal site that deprives a brain area of a synaptic input needed for its proper development." | ( Toxic effects of lead on neuronal development and function. Freedman, R; Hoffer, BJ; Olson, L, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "Assessment measures used in developmental neurotoxicology are reviewed for their comparability in humans and laboratory animals, and their ability to detect comparable adverse effects across species." | ( Workshop on the qualitative and quantitative comparability of human and animal developmental neurotoxicity, Work Group I report: comparability of measures of developmental neurotoxicity in humans and laboratory animals. Spear, LP; Stanton, ME, ) | 0.13 |
| " The data presented verify that exposure to lead acetate is toxic to the reproductive axis in male rats, but that increased duration of exposure after 14 days does not further suppress serum testosterone levels or spermatogenesis." | ( The effect of duration of exposure on the expression of lead toxicity on the male reproductive axis. Sokol, RZ, ) | 0.13 |
| " These results suggest that long-term less severe exposure to lead up to 70 micrograms/dl of Pb-B may not cause adverse effects on renal glomerular function and proximal tubular function." | ( No adverse effects of lead on renal function in lead-exposed workers. Higashi, T; Ichikawa, M; Muto, T; Omae, K; Sakurai, H; Sasaki, N, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "The present study investigates the reversibility of the toxic effects of lead on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in prepubertal and pubertal male rats." | ( Reversibility of the toxic effect of lead on the male reproductive axis. Sokol, RZ, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Toxic effects of the afore-mentioned heavy metals at the tissue level have been discussed." | ( Responses induced by long-term toxic effects of heavy metals on fish tissues concerned with digestion, absorption, and excretion. Datta, D; Sinha, GM, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Dissolved chemical forms of lead are extremely toxic when present in high concentrations in an aquatic environment." | ( Factors controlling biological availability and toxic effects of lead in aquatic organisms. Prosi, F, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The results suggest that many adverse effects of lead in pregnant rats can be favourably reduced by CaNa2EDTA." | ( Influence oe calcium disodium edetate on the toxic effects of lead administration in pregnant rats. Flora, SJ; Tandon, SK, ) | 0.13 |
| " There is much concern about the possible adverse effects of this population-wide, low-level lead exposure, particularly on the developing organism, wherein the central nervous system may be one primary target." | ( Toxic effects of lead in the developing nervous system: in oculo experimental models. Hoffer, BJ; Olson, L; Palmer, MR, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Use of D-penicillamine was associated with an adverse reaction in 28 cases (33%); transient leukopenia occurred in eight, rash in seven, transient platelet count depression in seven, enuresis in three, and abdominal pain in two." | ( Efficacy and toxicity of D-penicillamine in low-level lead poisoning. Graef, J; Lovejoy, FH; Shannon, M, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Owing to their water solubility, low toxicity and ability to chelate toxic metals, the chelators with vicinal thioether groups appear as promising antidotes of Pb intoxication." | ( Chelation in metal intoxication. XXVII: Chelating agents containing vicinal thioether groups as antidotes of lead toxicity. Sharma, BL; Singh, S; Tandon, SK, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "beta-1,2-Phenylene di-alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid (1,2-PDMA), beta-1,4-phenylene di-alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid (1,4-PDMA) and alpha-mercapto-beta-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid (MHA) were synthesized and compared with 2,3-dimercapto-propane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) for their ability to counteract toxic effects of lead and nickel in rats." | ( Chelation in metal intoxication. XXV: Mercaptoacrylic acids as antidotes of lead and nickel toxicity. Kachru, DN; Khandelwal, S; Sharma, BL; Singh, S; Tandon, SK, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " From the legislative point of view chemical safety is considered essentially in terms of six broad categories: air and water pollution and handling of toxic wastes, classification and labelling of dangerous chemicals and preparations, limitations of use of dangerous substances and preparations, occupational health and safety measures, prevention of major industrial chemical accidents, public health measures related to dangerous chemicals." | ( Testing of chemicals, safety evaluation and regulation at European Community level. Bennett, E; Berlin, A; van der Venne, MT, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " For LE there was evidence for increased vulnerability of adult compared to fetal neurons and the LD50 for both was greater than 100 microM." | ( Lead neurotoxicity: neuronal and non-neuronal cell survival in fetal and adult DRG cell cultures. Lew, J; Scott, B, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The results do not show any relationship between the nature of the substitution at the beta-position of alpha-mercapto acrylic acids and their ability to reduce the concentration and the toxic effects of the two metals." | ( Chelation in metal intoxication. XIX. alpha-Mercapto-beta-aryl acrylic acid as antidotes to nickel and lead toxicity. Kachru, DN; Sharma, BL; Singh, S; Tandon, SK, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Rather than preventing this toxic effect, however, thiamin (1 mM) exacerbated that inhibition of proliferation." | ( Cellular targets of lead neurotoxicity: in vitro models. Bratton, GR; Tiffany-Castiglioni, E; Zmudzki, J, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Lead nitrate was the most toxic salt but was genetically inactive." | ( Genotoxic effects of potassium dichromate, sodium arsenite, cobalt chloride and lead nitrate in diploid yeast. Kharab, P; Singh, I, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Environmental exposure to toxic levels of lead occurs in a number of industries with potential adverse effects on the reproductive capacity of exposed men." | ( Lead toxicity and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Madding, CE; Sokol, RZ; Swerdloff, RS, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "2 mg/kg bw produces a toxic effect." | ( [Characteristics of the toxic effect of lead ingested with food in model experiments]. Ivanitskiĭ, AM; Konyshev, VA; Maganova, NB; Sokolov, AB; Stasenkova, KP, ) | 0.13 |
| "Certain children who experience a toxic lead episode requiring hospitalization in infancy or early childhood will manifest central nervous system dysfunctions, including hyperactivity, as sequelae of this experience." | ( Chelation therapy in children as treatment of sequelae in severe lead toxicity. Arcoleo, CG; Clark, J; David, OJ; Katz, S, ) | 0.13 |
| " Although the LD50 values for the two designs were not significantly different, there were significantly more deaths in the 12 mg/kg dosage group within the split-litter design than in the nested design group." | ( Experimental design considerations: a determinant of acute neonatal toxicity. Booze, RM; Mactutus, CF, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Evaluation of the potential adverse human health effects of low-level chronic exposure to heavy metals is dependent on the basic knowledge of the cellular and molecular toxicology of these metals." | ( Rat kidney epithelial cell culture for metal toxicity studies. Cherian, MG, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Also they are at risk of acute and chronic illness, including dermatitis, toxic hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic encephalopathy as a result of their occupational exposures to such materials as styrene, resins, solvents, paints, welding fumes, and coating systems." | ( Safety and health in boatbuilding and repair. Brigham, CR; Landrigan, PJ, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Survival time was prolonged in rats treated with the toxic metals by pretreatment with NKK-105." | ( Effects of diiospropyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene malonate (NKK-105) on acute toxicity of various drugs and heavy metals. Hosokawa, T; Kitagawa, H; Saito, H; Sakamoto, K; Sugimoto, T; Yanaura, S, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Thus, a decrease of the experimental toxic concentrations in the medium results in understating toxicity when tests are conducted under static conditions." | ( Interest of dynamic tests in acute ecotoxicity assessment in algae. Ferard, JF; Gea, J; Jouany, JM; Rast, C; Truhaut, R; Vasseur, P, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Assessment of developmental consequences due to triethyl lead (TEL) intoxication presently included (1) determination of the acute LD50 as 13 +/- 1 mg/kg, and (2) detailed examination of early neurobehavioral sequelae." | ( Neonatal triethyl lead neurotoxicity in rat pups: initial behavioral observations and quantification. Annau, Z; Booze, RM; Mactutus, CF; Tilson, HA, ) | 0.13 |
| " Toxic effects following the administration of 25 mg/kg (a teratogenic dose) included an early decrease in hematocrit, hematuria, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and diarrhea, as well as an eventual loss of body weight and an increase in spleen and kidney weights." | ( Effect of dose level and pregnancy on the distribution and toxicity of intravenous lead in rats. Hackett, PL; Hess, JO; Sikov, MR, ) | 0.13 |
| " The single dose LD50 (and 95% CI) following SC administration was found to be 11 mg/kg (7." | ( Characterization of triethyl lead chloride neurotoxicity in adult rats. Burne, TA; Mactutus, CF; McLamb, RL; Tilson, HA, ) | 0.13 |
| " Increased toxic effects of lead in the weanling animals were apparent in most of the parameters measured (urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid and blood, brain, femur and kidney lead levels)." | ( Comparative toxicity and tissue distribution of lead acetate in weanling and adult rats. Mahaffey, KR; Peeler, JT; Rader, JI, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " The reasons for this may be related to problems of the solubility of many lead compounds, their inability to dissolve in biological fluids, chemical interferences resulting in conflicting observations, the nonspecificity of the assays used, the delivery of toxic doses to specific genetic processes or the mediation of genotoxicity through indirect mechanisms." | ( The genotoxicity of lead. Bonin, T; Winder, C, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " delta-Aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity had a high specificity (100%) but a low sensitivity (37%) as an index of toxic lead exposure." | ( delta-Aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase as an index of lead toxicity. Time for a reappraisal? Athanaselis, S; Bouronikou, H; Chalevelakis, G; Economopoulos, T; Raptis, S; Yalouris, AG, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "Four experiments were conducted to study the toxic effects of supplemental dietary lead (Pb) on broiler chickens from hatching to 42 d of age." | ( The magnitude of lead toxicity in broiler chickens. Bakalli, RI; Pesti, GM; Ragland, WL, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In mammalian cells in culture, lead(II) is weakly mutagenic after long incubation times and generates DNA strand breaks only after treatment with high, toxic doses." | ( Role of DNA repair inhibition in lead- and cadmium-induced genotoxicity: a review. Hartwig, A, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Combined administration of the two most toxic metals at their LC50's showed that their toxicities were not additive or synergistic." | ( Cytotoxicity of heavy metals in the human small intestinal epithelial cell line I-407: the role of glutathione. Keogh, JP; Siegers, CP; Steffen, B, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are essential sources of information regarding health risks from exposure to toxic chemicals." | ( Analysis of reproductive health hazard information on material safety data sheets for lead and the ethylene glycol ethers. Kurtz, S; Paul, M, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Lead treatment (primarily using rat models) has shown that exposure to this metal in the perinatal period alters the development of endorphins and enkephalins, toxic effects which for the pro-opiomelanocortin products may be manifested at the gene level." | ( Lead toxicity and alterations in opioid systems. Kitchen, I, ) | 0.13 |
| " In this review, the available data with respect to potential adverse effects of heavy metals on the immune system of humans and experimental animals are discussed, and additional data requirements are suggested." | ( Immunotoxicity of heavy metals in relation to Great Lakes. Bernier, J; Brousseau, P; Fournier, M; Krzystyniak, K; Tryphonas, H, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The threshold for PCB neurotoxicity in humans is less clear, although research in animals suggests that relatively low-level exposure produces behavioral impairment and other toxic effects." | ( Neurotoxicity of lead, methylmercury, and PCBs in relation to the Great Lakes. Rice, DC, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The finding that DMSA administered late in exposure can hasten the recovery of toxic signs suggests that extracellular Pb continues to play a significant role even after toxic signs have appeared." | ( Effect of chelation with meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) before and after the appearance of lead-induced neurotoxicity in the rat. Evans, HL; Gong, Z, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The results indicated that nickel was neither especially toxic nor influenced the clonogenic cell survival after irradiation." | ( Effects of Pb2+, Ni2+, Hg2+ and Se4+ on cultured cells. Analysis of uptake, toxicity and influence on radiosensitivity. Carlsson, J; Couce, B; Frisk, P; Lindh, U; Saetre, A; Stenerlöw, B, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " These results suggest that reproductive function in hens is sensitive to adverse effects of contaminated drinking water." | ( Drinking water contaminants (arsenic, cadmium, lead, benzene, and trichloroethylene). 2. Effects on reproductive performance, egg quality, and embryo toxicity in broiler breeders. Kemppainen, BW; Lenz, SD; McElhenney, WH; Renden, JA; Vodela, JK, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " We have chosen to separate the effect of micronutrients on toxic metals into three classes: interaction between essential micronutrients and toxic metals during uptake, binding, and excretion; influence of micronutrients on the metabolism of toxic metals; and effect of micronutrients on secondary toxic effects of metals." | ( Effects of micronutrients on metal toxicity. Ayala-Fierro, F; Barber, DS; Casarez, E; Peraza, MA; Rael, LT, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Lead has been shown to exert toxic effects during early development." | ( Developmental exposure to lead causes persistent immunotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats. Bunn, T; Dietert, RR; Golemboski, KA; Ha, RS; Miller, TE; Sanders, FS, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Pollution of hydrographic basins has affected the flora and fauna that thrive in these aquatic ecosystems, and fish, which constitute an important food resource, often contain a plethora of potentially toxic chemicals." | ( Preliminary evidence of neurotoxicity associated with eating fish from the Upper St. Lawrence River Lakes. Baldwin, M; Bélanger, S; Bowler, R; Hudnell, K; Larribe, F; Lebel, J; Mergler, D; Panisset, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " Blood Pb levels (b-Pb) of 100 microg/l currently have been defined as the lowest adverse effect level." | ( Adverse effects of chronic low level lead exposure on kidney function--a risk group study in children. Baranowski, J; Bernard, A; De Broe, M; Elsevier, MM; Fels, LM; Gelpi, E; Lauwerys, R; Mutti, A; Norska-Borówka, I; Patel, S; Price, RG; Roels, H; Roselló, J; Stolte, H; Taylor, SA; Wünsch, M, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Our results have shown that Pb and U are very toxic to Eisenia and relatively nontoxic to Corbicula." | ( Acute toxicity, toxicokinetics, and tissue target of lead and uranium in the clam Corbicula fluminea and the worm Eisenia fetida: comparison with the fish Brachydanio rerio. Labrot, F; Narbonne, JF; Ribera, D; Saint Denis, M; Ville, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Apart from direct toxic effects of low pH, acidification increases the bioavailability of metals for fish." | ( Origin of cadmium and lead in clear softwater lakes of high-altitude and high-latitude, and their bioavailability and toxicity to fish. Hofer, R; Köck, G, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The evaluation of recent literature indicates that the NIOSH recommended exposure limit [REL] of 100 micrograms/m3 as an 8-hour time-weighted average [TWA] in that document does not sufficiently protect workers from the adverse effects of exposure to inorganic lead." | ( National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; occupational exposure to inorganic lead: request for comments and information; republication--NIOSH. Request for comments and information relevant to occupational exposure to inorganic lead. , 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Excessive manganese (Mn) has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits and neurological and/or neuropsychiatric illness, but the level at which this metal can cause adverse neurotoxic effects, particularly with long-term exposure, is still unknown." | ( Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: results from a community based study. Baldwin, M; Bélanger, S; Beuter, A; Bowler, R; de Geoffroy, A; Edwards, R; Hudnell, K; Larribe, F; Mergler, D; Panisset, M; Sassine, MP, ) | 0.13 |
| " The presence of zeolite in the exposure solution decreased all of the adverse effects." | ( Protective role of zeolite on short- and long-term lead toxicity in the teleost fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Jain, SK, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Lead was 10-15 times more toxic to human hematopoietic cells (IC50 = 61 micromol/L) than to murine bone marrow cells from both mice strains tested (Balb/c, IC50 = 1060 micromol/L; B6C3F1, IC50 = 536 micromol/L)." | ( Lead and catechol hematotoxicity in vitro using human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Leppens, H; Schoeters, GE; Van Den Heuvel, RL, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "A successful prevention of renal diseases induced by occupational or environmental exposure to toxic metals such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), or cadmium (Cd) largely relies on the capability to detect nephrotoxic effects at a stage when they are still reversible or at least not yet compromising renal function." | ( Usefulness of biomarkers of exposure to inorganic mercury, lead, or cadmium in controlling occupational and environmental risks of nephrotoxicity. Hoet, P; Lison, D; Roels, HA, ) | 0.13 |
| " A small group of tests were found to be elevated following toxic exposure and should be used in future studies." | ( Early markers of nephrotoxicity: detection of children at risk from environmental pollution. Chivers, I; Milligan, P; Patel, S; Price, RG; Taylor, SA, ) | 0.13 |
| " In this research, we tested the toxic effects of lead against a marine bacterium (Vibrio fischeri), and a heterogeneous population of bacteria derived from the Pearl River in Jackson, Mississippi." | ( Assessment of lead toxicity to the marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, and to a heterogeneous population of microorganisms derived from the Pearl River in Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Reed, L; Tchounwou, PB, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, d-PCN is associated with a relatively high incidence of adverse effects when given in the standard dose of 25-30 mg/kg/d." | ( Adverse effects of reduced-dose d-penicillamine in children with mild-to-moderate lead poisoning. Shannon, MW; Townsend, MK, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " All adverse effects were transient and resolved during or immediately after chelation therapy." | ( Adverse effects of reduced-dose d-penicillamine in children with mild-to-moderate lead poisoning. Shannon, MW; Townsend, MK, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Reduced-dose d-PCN also appears to be associated with a rate of adverse effects lower than previously reported; observed adverse effects appear to be benign and transient." | ( Adverse effects of reduced-dose d-penicillamine in children with mild-to-moderate lead poisoning. Shannon, MW; Townsend, MK, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The common environmental pollutants arsenic, lead, and cadmium are each known to induce chronic renal disease and the molecular mechanisms of such toxic events are being clarified." | ( Mechanisms of nephrotoxicity from metal combinations: a review. Fowler, BA; Madden, EF, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Copper inhibited growth dose-dependently between 1000 and 2000 microg small middle dotg(-1) (EC(50)=1200 microg small middle dotg(-1)), whereas zinc had a toxic effect from 4000 microg small middle dotg(-1) (EC(50)=5500 microg small middle dotg(-1)) on." | ( Standardized growth toxicity testing (Cu, Zn, Pb, and pentachlorophenol) with Helix aspersa. Gomot-De Vaufleury, A, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Lead from CDARB sediment accumulated more readily in duckling blood and liver than reported in goslings, but at given concentrations was generally less toxic to ducklings." | ( Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings. Audet, DJ; Campbell, JK; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ; LeCaptain, LJ; Sileo, L, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " There were no adverse reactions attributable to dimercaptosuccinic acid; however, 2 of the 59 patients were reexposed to defective lead paint and experienced sharp increases in blood lead concentration while on therapy." | ( Safety and efficacy of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in children with elevated blood lead concentrations. Chisolm, JJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Dimercaptosuccinic acid is apparently safe and does mobilize lead into the urine, but not the essential metals, zinc and copper." | ( Safety and efficacy of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in children with elevated blood lead concentrations. Chisolm, JJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The toxic effects of the metals were also tested using the standard Microtox assay." | ( Direct viable count as test for toxicity assessment: the effects of four metals on a Salmonella enteritidis strain. Anzalone, C; Calimeri, S; Di Pietro, A; Lo Giudice, D; Scoglio, ME; Trimarchi, GR, ) | 0.13 |
| " Benzene and phenol gave no response, but the metabolites catechol and hydroquinone were equally toxic to the stromal and the myeloid progenitor cells." | ( Use of in vitro assays to assess hematotoxic effects of environmental compounds. Leppens, H; Schoeters, GE; Van Den Heuvel, RL, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, could not only reduce adverse effect of lead on GSH, but also antagonize its toxicity to cell survival and differentiation." | ( [Toxicity to neural cell development of lead and its relation to glutathione]. Fu, S; Li, H, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "To obtain knowledge on male reproductive toxicity of inorganic lead at current European exposure levels and to establish lowest adverse effect levels, if any." | ( Sperm count and chromatin structure in men exposed to inorganic lead: lowest adverse effect levels. Apostoli, P; Bisanti, L; Bonde, JP; Caruso, F; Comhaire, F; Dale, A; Giwercman, A; Joffe, M; Kiss, P; Porru, S; Spano, M; Vanhoorne, M; Zschiesche, W, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " In light of the evidence that toxic metals can affect many of these processes, investigators have begun to examine the possibility that cell adhesion molecules may be targets for metal toxicity." | ( Cadherins and NCAM as potential targets in metal toxicity. Dey, PM; Grunwald, GB; Parrish, AR; Prozialeck, WC; Reuhl, KR, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " The earliest toxic effect of Pb was significant inhibition of DNA synthesis after 24 h direct exposure; this harmful effect was not progressive during the first 3 days, but worsened clearly on the 4th day regardless of the FCS concentration." | ( In vitro lead-induced cell toxicity and cytoprotective activity of fetal calf serum in human fibroblasts. Dominguéz, C; Fortuny, A; Solé, E, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Internationally agreed standard protocols for assessing chemical toxicity of contaminants in soil to worms assume that the test soil does not need to equilibrate with the chemical to be tested prior to the addition of the test organisms and that the chemical will exert any toxic effect upon the test organism within 28 days." | ( The influence of time on lead toxicity and bioaccumulation determined by the OECD earthworm toxicity test. Black, S; Davies, NA; Hodson, ME, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " EDDS was also less toxic to soil fungi, as determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, and caused less stress to soil microorganisms, as indicated by the trans to cis PLFA ratio." | ( Ethylenediaminedissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction. Grcman, H; Lestan, D; Velikonja-Bolta, S; Vodnik, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " Leaded gasoline (TEL) and lead oxide are 383- and 211-fold more toxic than unleaded gasoline (MTBE) in 7 days of exposure and 627- and 290-fold more toxic in 14 days, respectively." | ( Comparative toxicity of tetra ethyl lead and lead oxide to earthworms, Eisenia fetida (Savigny). Kavitha, P; Padmanabha Rao, A; Venkateswara Rao, J, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " 4 H-S pellets were not adversely affected over a 30-day period, and that H-S provides another environmentally safe nontoxic shot for use in waterfowl hunting." | ( Acute toxicity of lead, steel, and an iron-tungsten-nickel shot to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Amick, D; Brewer, L; Clark, J; Fairbrother, A, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Each metal proved to be toxic to the developing mallard embryo, causing an increase in mortality and developmental anomalies." | ( Adverse effects of (surface water pollutants) Cd, Cr and Pb on the embryogenesis of the mallard. Fáncsi, T; Kertész, V, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The mean generation times (MGT) of the bacteria were compared to evaluate the toxic effects of the heavy metals." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals for microorganisms isolated from slow sand filter schmutzdecke. Hooke, AM; Muhammad, N, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " We showed that it is important to select the most tolerant and efficient bacterial strain for co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote effective symbiosis and thus stimulate plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, such as heavy-metal contamination." | ( Influence of bacterial strains isolated from lead-polluted soil and their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth of Trifolium pratense L. under lead toxicity. Azcón, R; Barea, JM; Biró, B; Ruiz-Lozano, JM; Vivas, A, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Lead nitrate was more toxic than lead chloride for survival as well as reproduction." | ( The effect of counterion and percolation on the toxicity of lead for the springtail Folsomia candida in soil. Bongers, M; Rusch, B; Van Gestel, CA, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Study results indicated that lead nitrate is cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, showing LD50 values of 49." | ( Lead-induced cytotoxicity and transcriptional activation of stress genes in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Foxx, DN; Ishaque, AB; Shen, E; Tchounwou, PB; Yedjou, CG, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Despite intensive study, there is still vigorous debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low-level exposure in the general population owing to environmental pollution and historic use of lead in paint and plumbing and from exposure in the occupational setting." | ( Lead toxicity. Gidlow, DA, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Thus, as soil contains nutrients/supplements that mask the adverse effect of heavy metals, a clean soil that has properties similar to the polluted soils should be used instead of mineral salt solution as a control for analysis of the ecotoxicity of soils." | ( Toxicity testing of heavy-metal-polluted soils with algae Selenastrum capricornutum: a soil suspension assay. Aruoja, V; Dubourguier, HC; Kahru, A; Kurvet, I, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "In this work, we studied impregnation levels of workers occupationally exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), usefulness of early urinary markers of nephrotoxicity, and occurrence of oxidative stress as the underlying mechanism involved in Pb- or Cd-induced adverse effects." | ( Biologic markers of oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity as studied in biomonitoring of adverse effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium. Furon, D; Garçon, G; Haguenoer, JM; Leleu, B; Marez, T; Shirali, P; Zerimech, F, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "To investigate the toxic effects of lead on nervous system and the neuroprotection of lithium, we observed the impact of different dose of lead on the growth and survival of primary cultured cerebrocortical neurons, and the antagonism of lithium to lead." | ( [Neuroprotection of lithium and the antagonism of lithium to toxic effects of lead on primary culturing cerebrocortical neurons in vitro]. Li, J; Yang, F, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Lead had the toxic effects on neurons, and lithium could protect the neurons against the toxicity of lead." | ( [Neuroprotection of lithium and the antagonism of lithium to toxic effects of lead on primary culturing cerebrocortical neurons in vitro]. Li, J; Yang, F, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Lead is one of the most dangerous toxic agents for all living organisms." | ( Lead toxicity through the leadzyme. Barciszewska, MZ; Barciszewski, J; Pas, J; Rychlewski, L; Szymanski, M; Wyszko, E, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Large differences in toxicities were found, the leachate from Siauliai being the most toxic one." | ( Artemia salina as test organism for assessment of acute toxicity of leachate water from landfills. Bergström, S; Mårtensson, L; Mathiasson, L; Svensson, BM, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The aim of the study was to investigate about the toxic effects related to current occupational exposures to inorganic lead (particularly those effects concerning blood pressure, carcinogenic risk, nervous and immunological systems), to identify hypersusceptibility conditions, particularly the ALAD genetic polymorphism and to evaluate the role of traditional biomarker and the possibility of introducing new ones." | ( [Report on the activities carried out in the research project of the Ministry of Instruction, University, and Research entitled "Environmental and occupational exposure to inorganic lead: assessment of toxic effects of current doses and related preventive Abbritti, G; Alessio, L; Alinovi, R; Apostoli, P; Carta, P; Cassano, F; De Palma, G; Flore, C; Murgia, N; Mutti, A; Muzi, G; Neri, G; Soleo, L, ) | 0.13 |
| " Simultaneously, decreased expression of GLT-1 mRNA and protein was observed, indicating that of the two glial transporters, GLT-1 is more susceptible to the toxic Pb effect." | ( The role of astroglia in Pb-exposed adult rat brain with respect to glutamate toxicity. Chalimoniuk, M; Struzyńska, L; Sulkowski, G, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " A possible risk scenario was that groundwater contamination due to the leachate containing Cd and Pb from the landfill could result in pollution of coastal water, and subsequently produce toxic effects to aquatic organisms." | ( Ecological risk assessment on a cadmium contaminated soil landfill--a preliminary evaluation based on toxicity tests on local species and site-specific information. Chen, CM; Liu, MC, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Our results suggest that both aqueous- and dietary-exposure pathways contribute significantly to chronic Pb exposure and toxic effects in aquatic biota." | ( Acute and chronic toxicity of lead in water and diet to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Besser, JM; Brumbaugh, WG; Brunson, EL; Ingersoll, CG, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Although not established absolutely, it is generally believed that development constitutes a period of increased immune system susceptibility to xenobiotics, since adverse effects may occur at lower doses and/or immunomodulation may be more persistent, thus increasing the relative risk of xenobiotic exposure to the immunologically immature organism." | ( The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure. Chen, DH; Dietert, R; King, M; Luebke, RW; Luster, MI; Yang, Y, ) | 0.13 |
| " In fact, lead has been shown to compete with calcium for entry into the synaptosome and induce toxic effects." | ( Lead-induced genotoxicity in lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples of humans: in vitro studies. Das, PG; Jamil, K; Pasha Shaik, A; Reddy, SC; Sankar, S, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The Boston lead safe yards low cost lead in soil treatment, demonstration, and evaluation was developed to explore the viability and effectiveness of low-cost soil interventions to reduce exposure to soil lead hazards." | ( The effectiveness of low-cost soil treatments to reduce soil and dust lead hazards: The Boston lead safe yards low cost lead in soil treatment, demonstration and evaluation. Dixon, SL; Duran, S; Hynes, P; Kawecki, C; Maxfield, R; McLaine, P; Plant, T, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The toxic mechanism of lead is caused by its ability to substitute for other polyvalent cations (particularly divalent cations, such as calcium [Ca2+] and zinc [Zn2+]) in the molecular machinery of living organisms." | ( Cellular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. Garza, A; Soto, E; Vega, R, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant that may have toxic effects on the male reproductive system." | ( Impacts of ascorbic acid and thiamine supplementation at different concentrations on lead toxicity in testis. Liang, J; Shan, G; Shi, Q; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " These vegetables were polluted by heavy metals and could not be regarded as safe for human consumption." | ( Risk assessment for safety of soils and vegetables around a lead/zinc mine. Li, J; Sun, YF; Xie, ZM; Xu, JM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Our results demonstrated adverse effects of Pb on nitrogen assimilation and plant growth." | ( Lead toxicity in Brassica pekinensis Rupr.: effect on nitrate assimilation and growth. Li, MJ; Xiong, ZT; Zhao, F, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The objective of the investigation presented is to detect toxic effects due to some heavy metals in the biomass of green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals on Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) de Brébisson in batch cultures. Markert, B; Mohammed, MH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "There were differences in toxic effects of the metals with different metal as well as their concentrations and the time of exposure." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals on Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) de Brébisson in batch cultures. Markert, B; Mohammed, MH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The present investigation evaluates the toxic potential of Pb in larvae of the toad Xenopus laevis after 12 days exposure in lab conditions." | ( Assessment of lead ecotoxicity in water using the amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis) and preliminary study of its immobilization in meat and bone meal combustion residues. Cren, S; Cunienq, C; Deydier, E; Gauthier, L; Guilet, R; Mouchet, F, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Several data suggest that for lead the main toxic event is prenatal exposure: therefore we should focus our attention on maternal lead stores and whenever possible avoid their mobilization during pregnancy." | ( Lead neurotoxicity in children: is prenatal exposure more important than postnatal exposure? Barreto, M; Hanke, W; Rennezova, Z; Ronchetti, R; Schoeters, G; van den Hazel, P; Villa, MP, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The printed wire boards (PWBs) in electronic waste (E-waste) have been found to contain large amounts of toxic substances." | ( Treatment of waste printed wire boards in electronic waste for safe disposal. Li, Y; Niu, X, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " With the increase of heavy metals in the leachates, the toxic effects on the Vicia faba root tip cells increased, implying that heavy metals were the main factors causing the genotoxic effects." | ( Leachates of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash from Macao: heavy metal concentrations and genotoxicity. Cao, Z; Feng, S; Peng, P; Wang, X; Wei, G; Yang, Y, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Pb posed adverse effects on root morphological organization and root activity of both the ecotypes but decrease was not sharp and root activity was recovered in ME plants." | ( Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi. Islam, E; Jin, X; Li, T; Liu, D; Meng, F; Yang, X, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "A concentration as low as 1 microM lead (Pb) is highly toxic to plants, but previous studies have typically related plant growth to the total amount of Pb added to a solution." | ( Toxic effects of Pb2+ on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Asher, CJ; Kopittke, PM; Kopittke, RA; Menzies, NW, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The toxic effects of lead(II) have been studied in Escherichia coli cells." | ( Study on the toxic effect of lead(II) ion on Escherichia coli. Chaocan, Z; Hongyu, X; Lifang, R; Peng, L; Xi, L, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Current views on mechanisms and toxic effects of lead on the cardiovascular system are presented." | ( [Mechanisms and toxic effects of lead on the cardiovascular system]. Gać, P; Poreba, R; Zawadzki, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " We hypothesized that oxidative stress plays a role in lead-induced cytotoxicity, and that NAC affords protection against this adverse effect." | ( N-acetyl-l-cysteine affords protection against lead-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Tchounwou, PB; Yedjou, CG, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Although the current sediment quality guideline for lead stipulates that adverse biological effects likely will occur above 218 microg/g, this study revealed a statistically significant negative reproductive response at 118 microg/g lead, and suggests that the current regulatory guideline for lead, based on lethality, should be reconsidered." | ( Long-term sediment bioassay of lead toxicity in two generations of the marine amphipod Elasmopus laevis, S.I. Smith, 1873. Kostarelos, K; Molof, AH; Ringenary, MJ; Schreibman, MP; Tanacredi, JT, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The toxic effect of Pb2+ has been studied in eukaryotic cells by using Tetrahymena as a target." | ( Microcalorimetric study on the toxic effect of Pb2+ to Tetrahymena. Chaocan, Z; Peng, L; Weiying, Z; Xi, L; Xiaojuan, C, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The authors conclude further that the toxic effects of industrial chemicals on children have generally been overlooked." | ( [Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals]. Labie, D, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The toxic metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) can target the vascular system in a variety of ways, ranging from hemorrhagic injury to subtle pathogenic remodeling and metabolic changes." | ( The vascular system as a target of metal toxicity. Atchison, WD; Barchowsky, A; Edwards, JR; Nebert, DW; Prozialeck, WC; Woods, JM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "To evaluate the food safety of fish from production systems in Hanoi feed with domestic and industrial wastewater with respect to the potentially toxic elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)." | ( Food safety aspects of toxic element accumulation in fish from wastewater-fed ponds in Hanoi, Vietnam. Dalsgaard, A; Holm, PE; Le, TH; Marcussen, H, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Leaf ultrastructural analysis of the spongy mesophyll cells revealed that the excessive Pb concentrations caused adverse effects on chloroplast ultrastructure of both ecotypes whereby internal damage was more severe in NME." | ( Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, physiology and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi. Islam, E; Jin, X; Li, J; Li, T; Liu, D; Mahmood, Q; Tian, S; Yang, X, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Occupational and environmental exposures to lead (Pb), one of the toxic metal pollutants, is of global concern." | ( Lead hepatotoxicity & potential health effects. Mudipalli, A, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The toxic potential of Pb-contaminations (50, 100, 1,000, 2,000 and 10,000 mg Pb kg(-1)) as Pb(NO3) in standard soil was investigated in lab conditions according to three endpoints: (i) acute toxicity of plants (mortality, height and surface area parameters), (ii) Pb-accumulation in roots, stems and leaves, and (iii) genetic effects as the expression of reversion in the leaf of plants." | ( Preliminary study of Lead (Pb) immobilization by meat and bone meal combustion residues (MBMCR) in soil: assessment of Pb toxicity (phytotoxicity and genotoxicity) using the tobacco model (Nicotiana tabacum var. xanthi Dulieu). Cren, S; Deydier, E; Gauthier, L; Guilet, R; Mouchet, F, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " All subjects were assessed using data obtained from a specially designed Questionnaire for lead exposure and toxic effects assessment, physical examination, spirometry, ECG, and laboratory tests including blood lead level (BLL) and biomarkers of lead toxic effects." | ( Adverse effects in workers exposed to inorganic lead. Karadzinska-Bislimovska, J; Mijakoski, D; Minov, J; Risteska-Kuc, S; Stikova, E; Stoleski, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "The mechanisms of toxic effects of divalent cations of three heavy metals Hg, Cd and Cu in rat ascites hepatoma AS-30D cells cultivated in vitro were compared." | ( Mitochondria as an important target in heavy metal toxicity in rat hepatoma AS-30D cells. Belyaeva, EA; Dymkowska, D; Wieckowski, MR; Wojtczak, L, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Additional amphipod tests conducted in 2004 documented significant toxic effects of sediments from three streams downstream of mining areas: Strother Creek, West Fork Black River, and Bee Fork." | ( Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: toxicity of sediment and pore water. Allert, AL; Besser, JM; Brumbaugh, WG; Ingersoll, CG; Poulton, BC; Schmitt, CJ, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " In conclusion, lead is able to induce a toxic effect in the exposed roots, correlated with its content." | ( Correlation of toxicity with lead content in root tip cells (Allium cepa L.). Carruyo, I; Fernández, Y; Marcano, L; Montiel, X; Torrealba, Z, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "The fact that aluminium (Al) and lead (Pb) are both toxic metals to living organisms, including human beings, was discovered a long time ago." | ( Aluminium and lead: molecular mechanisms of brain toxicity. Aimo, L; Oteiza, PI; Verstraeten, SV, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The 96-h LC50 for Pb was 482 nmol L(-1), indicating that Pb was one-order of magnitude more toxic in soft, acidic water than in harder, circumneutral pH waters." | ( Modes of metal toxicity and impaired branchial ionoregulation in rainbow trout exposed to mixtures of Pb and Cd in soft water. Birceanu, O; Chowdhury, MJ; Gillis, PL; McGeer, JC; Wilkie, MP; Wood, CM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " To examine whether the critical level of lead producing adverse effects truly differs between workers and children, we provided an overview of studies addressing the critical level of lead in workers, together with a perspective on lead toxicity in children." | ( Lead toxicity: does the critical level of lead resulting in adverse effects differ between adults and children? Dakeishi, M; Iwata, T; Karita, K; Murata, K, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " This allowed, in a single expression, the combination of two parameters that clearly influence growth, cellular density and toxic concentration." | ( Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper and lead in five marine microalgae. Debelius, B; DelValls, A; Forja, JM; Lubián, LM, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " To date, no safe lead-exposure threshold has been identified." | ( Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review. Buchner, V; Liu, Y; Sanders, T; Tchounwou, PB, ) | 0.13 |
| " The results support the assumptions of the BLM and associated with competition between lead and calcium for binding on transport and toxic action sites on biological surfaces." | ( [Interaction between calcium and lead affects the toxicity to embryo of zebrafish (Danio rerio)]. Chen, ZZ; Ding, JN; Wang, XJ; Yao, K; Zhu, L, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Environmental contaminants, such as trace elements, may be present in all foods and, as a result, international standards have been established for a number of toxic trace elements, such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic, in raw food commodities and food products." | ( Trace elements in Canadian field peas: a grain safety assurance perspective. Garrett, RG; Gawalko, E; Richter, A; Wang, N; Warkentin, T, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Display devices such as cathode-ray tube (CRT) televisions and computer monitors are known to contain toxic substances and have consequently been banned from disposal in landfills in the State of California and elsewhere." | ( Human health and ecological toxicity potentials due to heavy metal content in waste electronic devices with flat panel displays. Lim, SR; Schoenung, JM, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Lead is a common environmental occupational toxic metal, known to have indirect oxidative effects." | ( The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice. Kansal, L; Sharma, A; Sharma, V, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Moreover, attention should also be paid towards the use of various protective measures (face-masks, hand gloves, and separate clothes) by the workers as safe work practices during working periods." | ( Elevated blood lead levels and cytogenetic markers in buccal epithelial cells of painters in India: genotoxicity in painters exposed to lead containing paints. Ahmad, I; Akhtar, MJ; Ashquin, M; Islam, N; Khan, MI; Mahdi, AA; Venkatesh, T, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Presented work is a review of scientific literature regarding mechanisms of adverse effect of lead exposure on pregnancy and child development." | ( [Exposition of pregnant women and their children on toxic effect of lead from tobacco smoke]. Ambroszkiewicz, J; Chełchowska, M; Gajewska, J; Laskowska-Klita, T, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Especially, in the present case, it seems that toxic effect of Pb has been greater than positive effects of Zn, but the combination exposure has resulted in not such a critical toxicity situation." | ( Study on clinical and biochemical toxicity biomarkers in a zinc-lead mine workers. Abdollahi, M; Babapor, V; Baeeri, M; Bayrami, Z; Fani, A; Hashemi, M; Malekirad, AA; Oryan, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Nevertheless, Pb produced toxic effects on Lemna gibba; however duckweed was able to remove Pb at the experimental concentrations used." | ( Bio-accumulation and toxicity of lead (Pb) in Lemna gibba L (duckweed). Alvarez, C; Miranda, MG; Quiroz, A; Sobrino, AS, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Lead is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal with unique physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for a great variety of applications." | ( Genotoxic effects of lead: an updated review. García-Lestón, J; Laffon, B; Méndez, J; Pásaro, E, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The observed data were compared with the predictions derived from approaches of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) in order to evaluate the proper prediction of the observed mixture toxic effect." | ( Cadmium, lead and their mixtures with copper: Paracentrotus lividus embryotoxicity assessment, prediction, and offspring quality evaluation. Buono, S; Cremisini, C; Manzo, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Zinc prevented toxic effects of lead on germinal epithelium in the albino rats." | ( Protective effect of zinc over lead toxicity on testes. Pervez, S; Rafique, M; Tahir, F, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " This experimental study was successful in testing the hypothesis that adverse effects of cyanotoxins, heavy metals and a non-pathogenic immunological challenge combine to enhance avian toxicity." | ( Combined exposure to cyanobacterial biomass, lead and the Newcastle virus enhances avian toxicity. Adamovsky, O; Bandouchova, H; Hilscherova, K; Knotkova, Z; Lany, P; Machat, J; Marsalek, B; Novotny, L; Paskova, V; Pikula, J; Pohanka, M; Sedlackova, J; Vitula, F, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Application of Pb with normal Zn caused adverse effects on the overall growth and antioxidant capacity of both ecotypes, however; effects were more pronounced in NME." | ( Effect of Pb toxicity on the growth and physiology of two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi and its alleviation by Zn. Hayat, Y; Imtiaz, M; Islam, E; Jin, X; Khan, MA; Li, T; Liu, D; Mahmood, Q; Yang, X, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " was used to investigate the toxic effects of Pb and Hg either alone or in various binary mixtures under the static test conditions." | ( Mercury and lead: assessing the toxic effects on growth and metal accumulation by Lemna minor. Dirilgen, N, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The aim of the present work was to investigate the toxic effect of prolonged exposure to lead on albino rat's seminiferous tubules and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on lead toxicity." | ( Light and electron microscopic study of the toxic effect of prolonged lead exposure on the seminiferous tubules of albino rats and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid. El Mulla, K; El Shafai, A; Hassan, M; Morad, N; Zohdy, N, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid was efficient in preventing most of such toxic effect and decreasing the blood lead level." | ( Light and electron microscopic study of the toxic effect of prolonged lead exposure on the seminiferous tubules of albino rats and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid. El Mulla, K; El Shafai, A; Hassan, M; Morad, N; Zohdy, N, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans." | ( Lead phytotoxicity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedlings growth. Aarab, A; Bakrim, A; Lafont, R; Lamhamdi, M; Sayah, F, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " There were similar trends for toxic effects on haem synthesis (zinc protoporphyrin and haemoglobin in blood) and renal function (albumin and N-acetyl-d-β-acetylglucosaminidase in urine), but without statistical significance." | ( δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype predicts toxic effects of lead on workers' peripheral nervous system. Bergdahl, IA; Broberg, K; Guo, W; Jin, T; Lei, L; Liang, Y; Nilsson, J; Skerfving, S; Tian, L; Zheng, G, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " These findings suggest to the conclusion that flaxseed oil significantly decreased the adverse harmful effects of lead acetate exposure on the brain as well as Pb(+2)-induced oxidative stress." | ( Effects of flaxseed oil on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Abdel Moneim, AE; Al-Quraishy, S; Dkhil, MA, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " This polymer was not toxic to seed germination." | ( Metal-binding particles alleviate lead and zinc toxicity during seed germination of metallophyte grass Astrebla lappacea. Doley, D; MacFarlane, J; Monteiro, MJ; Pudmenzky, A; Rossato, L; Schmidt, S; Whittaker, M, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The toxic effect of the heavy metals on motility exhibited the following decreasing order for both species: Cu > Pb > Cd." | ( Toxicity of copper, lead, and cadmium on the motility of two marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis chui. Chai, X; Hu, L; Liu, G; Shao, Y; Wu, H; Xie, Q, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The combined toxic effects of Cd and Pb in the presence of different concentrations of Ca(2+) were predicted using the biotic ligand model (BLM), with the parameters derived from the Cd-only and Pb-only toxicity data." | ( Extended biotic ligand model for prediction of mixture toxicity of Cd and Pb using single metal toxicity data. An, J; Jho, EH; Nam, K, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Lead has gained considerable attention as a persistent toxic pollutant of concern,partly because it has been prominent in the debate concerning the growing anthropogenic pressure on the environment." | ( Lead uptake, toxicity, and detoxification in plants. Dumat, C; Pinelli, E; Pourrut, B; Shahid, M; Winterton, P, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The Philadelphia Lead Safe Homes (LSH) Study offered parental education, home evaluation, and lead remediation to the families of urban newborns." | ( Primary prevention of lead exposure: the Philadelphia lead safe homes study. Campbell, C; Gracely, E; Hansen-Turton, T; Kersten, H; Line, L; Palermo, P; Rothman, N; Starkey, N; Tran, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " Cd was the most toxic chemical (LC50 = 14." | ( Toxicity of cadmium, lead, mercury and methyl parathion on Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg 1832 (Rotifera: Monogononta). Arias-Almeida, JC; Rico-Martínez, R, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Unfortunately, disasters have highlighted the toxic effects of metals on different organs and systems." | ( Toxic effects of mercury, lead and gadolinium on vascular reactivity. Almeida, EA; Angeli, JK; Fioresi, M; Fiorim, J; Furieri, LB; Peçanha, FM; Salaices, M; Simões, MR; Vassallo, DV; Wiggers, GA, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The results showed that process PM have a toxic effect on lettuce seedling growth and on Vibrio fischeri metabolism." | ( Influence of soil ageing on bioavailability and ecotoxicity of lead carried by process waste metallic ultrafine particles. Dumat, C; Foucault, Y; Geret, F; Pradere, P; Schreck, E, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " An antagonistic toxic response was observed when the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus was simultaneously exposed to the two contaminants in both water and sediment exposures." | ( Joint toxicity of a pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, and a heavy metal, lead, to the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. Du, J; Lydy, MJ; Mehler, WT; You, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Toxic minerals such as arsenic and lead are the two most important components of BDSJS." | ( [Attenuation effects of compatible medicines on arsenical and lead toxicity of badu shengji san]. Gao, J; He, R; Li, J; Lu, Y; Peng, B, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Finally, applicability of the developed models in Cd- or Pb-spiked soils was investigated by comparing predicted toxic effects (i." | ( Prediction of Cd and Pb toxicity to Vibrio fischeri using biotic ligand-based models in soil. An, J; Jeong, S; Jho, EH; Moon, HS; Nam, K, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Disruption of pro- and antioxidant balance should be considered as a potential mechanism of the observed Pb adverse effects, leading to the impaired learning ability caused by Pb exposure in children." | ( Disrupted pro- and antioxidative balance as a mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by perinatal exposure to lead. Baranowska-Bosiacka, I; Chlubek, D; Dziedziejko, V; Gutowska, I; Kolasa, A; Kurzawski, M; Marchetti, C; Marchlewicz, M; Nowacki, P; Olszewska, M; Rybicka, M; Safranow, K; Wiszniewska, B, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Protection by essential metals against the genotoxic effects of toxic elements is an open question." | ( Zinc opposes genotoxicity of cadmium and vanadium but not of lead. Aimola, P; Boscolo, M; Carmignani, M; Cesare, P; Valle, G; Volpe, AR, ) | 0.13 |
| " By contrast, the neurotoxicities of Pb, Aβ, and MeHg (at higher concentrations) are conferred by other toxic mechanisms." | ( Differing effects of toxicants (methylmercury, inorganic mercury, lead, amyloid β, and rotenone) on cultured rat cerebrocortical neurons: differential expression of rho proteins associated with neurotoxicity. Fujimura, M; Usuki, F, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Cr and Pb decrease the toxic effects of Cd on periphyton communities." | ( Effects of Cr III and Pb on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cd in tropical periphyton communities: Implications of pulsed metal exposures. Bere, T; Chia, MA; Tundisi, JG, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Although toxic effects caused by occupational exposure to lead have been extensively studied, there are still conflicting results regarding its genotoxicity." | ( Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to lead and influence of polymorphisms in genes involved in lead toxicokinetics and in DNA repair. Conde, J; García-Lestón, J; Gaspar, JF; Laffon, B; Mayan, O; Méndez, J; Pásaro, E; Pingarilho, M; Pinto, R; Prista, J; Roma-Torres, J; Teixeira, JP; Vilares, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The blockage of Pb on the root probably avoided its toxic effects by limiting Pb transport to other tissues." | ( Evaluation of lead toxicity in Erica andevalensis as an alternative species for revegetation of contaminated soils. Leidi, EO; Mingorance, MD; Rossini Oliva, S; Valdés, B, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " In the present paper, we investigated accumulation, tissue and intracellular localization, and toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in three aquatic macrophytes (the angiosperms Lemna minor and Elodea canadensis, and the moss Leptodictyum riparium)." | ( Toxicity, accumulation, and removal of heavy metals by three aquatic macrophytes. Basile, A; Capasso, C; Carginale, V; Cobianchi, RC; Conte, B; Sorbo, S; Trinchella, F, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Cellulase activity and DNA damage were chosen as toxic endpoints." | ( Combined toxicity of cadmium and lead on the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Li, D; Li, M; Liu, Z; Wu, B; Xu, Y, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Although engineered nanoparticles (NPs) could negatively impact environmental organisms, the synergistic effect of NPs and other toxic substances, which could be more significant than that of NP alone, have seldom been examined." | ( Toxicity of lead on Ceriodaphnia dubia in the presence of nano-CeO(2) and nano-TiO(2). Hu, J; Wang, D; Wang, J, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Lead causes a broad range of adverse effects in humans and animals." | ( Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 alleviates lead toxicity in mice. Chen, W; Liu, X; Tian, F; Wang, G; Zhai, Q; Zhang, H; Zhao, J, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "To observe dynamic changes of blood lead concentration in rats with long-term toxicity test with Goupi Gao by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry, in order to provide reference for safe administration of Goupi Gao." | ( [Study on blood lead of rats in long-term toxicity test with goupi gao]. Li, F; Li, H; Meng, X; Qiu, Y; Wang, P; Zeng, Y; Zhao, G, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Although adverse health effects produced by lead (Pb) have long been recognized, studies regarding the immunotoxic effects of occupational exposure report conflicting results." | ( Assessment of immunotoxicity parameters in individuals occupationally exposed to lead. Fuchs, D; García-Lestón, J; Laffon, B; Mayan, O; Méndez, J; Moreira, AO; Pásaro, E; Roma-Torres, J; Schroecksnadel, S; Teixeira, JP, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Lead is a metal with many recognized adverse health side effects, and yet the molecular processes underlying lead toxicity are still poorly understood." | ( Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells. Arbieva, Z; Gavin, IM; Gillis, BS, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The expression of 31 genes remained elevated after the removal of lead from the testing medium thereby allowing for the measurement of adverse health effects of lead poisoning." | ( Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells. Arbieva, Z; Gavin, IM; Gillis, BS, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " These results show a previously unreported toxic effect of lead on mandible however, longer studies should be necessary to evaluate if an adaptation of bone architecture to maintain structural properties may occur and if the oxidative stress can be identified as the primary contributory agent in the pathogenesis of lead poisoning." | ( Lead bone toxicity in growing rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Bozzini, C; Conti, MI; Facorro, GB; Lee, CM; Mandalunis, PM; Martínez, MP; Piehl, LL; Piñeiro, AE; Terrizzi, AR, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause a range of health problems." | ( Cellular defense mechanisms against lead toxicity in the vascular system. Kaji, T; Shinkai, Y, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Three potentially toxic elements [chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] were tested to assess their effects on two soils of different properties and origin." | ( Ecotoxicity of Cr, Cd, and Pb on two Mediterranean soils. Cáliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Vila, X, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The treatment with lipoic acid and glutathione reduced the toxic effects of these metals in all cases." | ( Monitoring the toxic effects of Pb, Cd and Cu on hematological parameters of Wistar rats and potential protective role of lipoic acid and glutathione. Cvetković, TP; Jovanović, J; Kocić, G; Krstić, N; Nikolić, R; Radosavljević-Stevanović, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " reticulata from most to least toxic was Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Al > Fe > Mn and Cu > Cd > Zn > Fe > Pb > Al > Ni > Mn, respectively." | ( Comparative toxicity of eight metals on freshwater fish. Abas, A; Ramle, NA; Shuhaimi-Othman, M; Yakub, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " To establish safe environmental regulation it is important to properly define the relationship between pH and metal toxicity, a process that involves manipulating the pH of test water in the lab." | ( Implications of pH manipulation methods for metal toxicity: not all acidic environments are created equal. Brix, KV; Esbaugh, AJ; Grosell, M; Mager, EM; Santore, R, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Thus, the study demonstrated that the concurrent daily administration of root extract of WS protected the adverse effects of LN intoxication in mice." | ( Protective effect of Withania somnifera roots extract on hematoserological profiles against lead nitrate-induced toxicity in mice. Sharma, S; Sharma, V, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The results obtained suggest that lead chloride and aluminum nitrate at low concentrations were toxic primarily to astrocytes and at the higher concentrations it also induced neurotoxicity." | ( A human pluripotent carcinoma stem cell-based model for in vitro developmental neurotoxicity testing: effects of methylmercury, lead and aluminum evaluated by gene expression studies. Bal-Price, A; Laurenza, I; Mennecozzi, M; Pallocca, G; Pamies, D; Scelfo, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The short- and long-term toxic effects of Pb(II) exposure on Chlorella vulgaris (C." | ( Toxicity assessment of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides following exposure to Pb(II). Bi, H; Chen, L; Cui, X; Guo, M; Lin, K; Wang, W; Xiong, B; Zhang, W, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " A risk assessment of toxic contaminants in TBM indicated that food safety objectives should consider the human health impacts of foods derived from animals fed on contaminated meal and that much care should be taken when TBM is used in animal diet." | ( Cytotoxicity evaluation and antioxidant enzyme expression related to heavy metals found in tuna by-products meal: An in vitro study in human and rat liver cell lines. Azaza, MS; El-Feki, A; Saïdi, SA; van Pelt, J; Windmolders, P, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Selenium is an essential micronutrient that has a narrow exposure window between its beneficial and toxic effects." | ( Protective efficacy of selenite against lead-induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Li, WH; Liao, VH; Shi, YC; Tseng, IL, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " A safe and effective method of retrieving a live cartridge must be considered." | ( Lead toxicity and endoscopic removal of ingested firearm cartridges. Bueso, A; Craven, P; Hatten, BW; Hendrickson, RG; Horowitz, BZ, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "This study relates tissue concentrations and toxic effects of Pb in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to the dietary exposure of soil-borne Pb associated with mining and smelting." | ( Toxicity of Pb-contaminated soil to Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and the use of the blood-dietary Pb slope in risk assessment. Beyer, WN; Chen, Y; Henry, P; May, T; Mosby, D; Rattner, BA; Shearn-Bochsler, VI; Sprague, D; Weber, J, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " We assessed plasma lead (P-Pb) as a marker for both lead exposure and toxic effects." | ( Lead concentration in plasma as a biomarker of exposure and risk, and modification of toxicity by δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphism. Bergdahl, IA; Broberg, K; Guo, W; Jin, T; Lei, L; Li, Y; Liang, Y; Lundh, T; Skerfving, S; Sommar, JN; Tan, M; Tian, L; Zheng, G, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Macro elements sodium, potassium magnesium and calcium, micro elements manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chrome and nickel as well as toxic trace elements cadmium and lead have been analysed." | ( Metals in wheat flour; comparative study and safety control. Caballero, JM; González-Weller, D; Gutiérrez, AJ; Hardisson, A; Luis, G; Rubio, C; Tejera, RL, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, a number of such indices testified to attenuation of naphthalene's adverse effects under the impact of lead." | ( Does a concomitant exposure to lead influence unfavorably the naphthalene subchronic toxicity and toxicokinetics? Beresneva, TA; Degtyareva, TD; Katsnelson, BA; Minigaliyeva, IA; Privalova, LI, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " This unexpected adverse effect of AuNPs on DNA-based biosensors should be taken into consideration in the future development of biosensing systems that are based on ssDNA aptamers and unmodified AuNPs." | ( The unfolding of G-quadruplexes and its adverse effect on DNA-gold nanoparticles-based sensing system. Cheng, S; Ge, X; Lam, MH; Liu, W; Wang, M; Zhao, Q; Zheng, B, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The elaborate preparation protocol involved in the traditional medicines is believed to modify the toxic nature of the precursor (metal) and adds therapeutic value." | ( Safety and toxicity issues associated with lead-based traditional herbo-metallic preparations. Krishnan, UM; Krishnaswamy, S; Nagarajan, S; Pemiah, B; Rajan, KS; Sethuraman, S; Sivaji, K, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Though metallic lead is known to be toxic to the biological system, no compelling evidence has been put forth to suggest any toxic manifestations of Naga bhasma." | ( Safety and toxicity issues associated with lead-based traditional herbo-metallic preparations. Krishnan, UM; Krishnaswamy, S; Nagarajan, S; Pemiah, B; Rajan, KS; Sethuraman, S; Sivaji, K, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Achatina fulica C-reactive protein (ACRP) reversed the toxic effects of lead nitrate both in vivo in mice and in vitro in rat hepatocytes restoring the basal level of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxides." | ( Mollusc C-reactive protein crosses species barrier and reverses hepatotoxicity of lead in rodent models. Agarwal, S; Bhattacharya, S; Chatterjee, S; Kundu, R; Maitra, S; Mukherjee, S; Sarkar, S, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the Pb accumulations and toxic effects by earthworms in the presence of BDE209 for the first time." | ( Lead accumulations and toxic effects in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in the presence of decabromodiphenyl ether. Chen, L; Cui, C; Guo, J; Lin, K; Liu, K; Liu, L; Yan, Z; Zhang, W, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "05 LD50 separately or combined in the same or halved doses." | ( Some considerations concerning the theory of combined toxicity: a case study of subchronic experimental intoxication with cadmium and lead. Beresneva, OY; Katsnelson, BA; Kireyeva, EP; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Valamina, IE; Varaksin, AN, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Both Pb and Zn rendered their toxic effects through disruption of Ca homeostasis, though likely through different proximate mechanisms." | ( Sublethal mechanisms of Pb and Zn toxicity to the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) during early development. Bianchini, A; Lauer, MM; Nadella, S; Tellis, MS; Wood, CM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 value of Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 mixture by the oral route was 2696." | ( Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Dai, S; Jia, R; Li, L; Lu, H; Shu, Y; Song, X; Xu, J; Yin, Z; Yuan, G; Zhao, X, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Occupational and environmental exposure to lead can cause its absorption by the body and consequently exert toxic effects in the liver." | ( [Lead hepatotoxicity: selected aspects of pathobiochemistry]. Labudda, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary Cd and Pb on chick's body weight and organ, content of the tissues of these two metals was also detected." | ( Toxicity of cadmium and lead in Gallus gallus domesticus assessment of body weight and metal content in tissues after metal dietary supplements. Abduljaleel, SA; Shuhaimi-Othman, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Neurotoxicity is a term used to describe neurophysiological changes caused by exposure to toxic agents." | ( Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity. Han, DY; Harp, JP; Mason, LH, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted on green mussel (Perna viridis) to determine the adverse effects of lead (Pb)." | ( Toxic effects of lead on biochemical and histological alterations in green mussel (Perna viridis) induced by environmentally relevant concentrations. Hariharan, G; Purvaja, R; Ramesh, R, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Flatfish species, such as the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), are common targets for toxic effects, since they are exposed through the food chain (ingestion of contaminated preys) and are in direct contact with the waterborne contaminant and sediments." | ( Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of metallic compounds on the flatfish Scophthalmus maximus: biomarkers of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and metabolism. Brandão, F; Correia, AT; Gonçalves, F; Nunes, B; Rodrigues, S; Sérgio, T, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The toxic heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are important environmental pollutants which can cause serious damage to human health." | ( Protective effect of boric acid on lead- and cadmium-induced genotoxicity in V79 cells. Behm, C; Degen, GH; Duydu, Y; Föllmann, W; Ustündağ, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The results showed that above the threshold concentration of Pb, adverse effects were obvious." | ( Chronic effects of environmentally-relevant concentrations of lead in Pelophylax nigromaculata tadpoles: Threshold dose and adverse effects. Duan, RY; Huang, MY; Ji, X, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "There was evidence for adverse effects of maternal B-Pb on the incidence of preterm delivery, birthweight, head circumference and crown-heel length, but not on the incidence of low birthweight, in this group of women." | ( Adverse effects of maternal lead levels on birth outcomes in the ALSPAC study: a prospective birth cohort study. Emond, AM; Golding, J; Taylor, CM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " All the soil samples were classified into toxicity class III, which means that they are toxic and present severe danger." | ( Chemical properties and toxicity of soils contaminated by mining activity. Agnieszka, B; Jerzy, W; Tomasz, C, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The potential hazards of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment and to living organisms need to be considered for a safe development of nanotechnology." | ( Influence of PbS nanoparticle polymer coating on their aggregation behavior and toxicity to the green algae Dunaliella salina. Jahromi, HD; Moradshahi, A; Sheikhi, MH; Zamani, H, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Although Mg, Fe, and others are considered essential elements, high level of exposure has been associated with severe adverse health effects including cardiovascular, hematological, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and neurologic abnormalities in humans." | ( Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic effects of Mg, Pb, and Fe on pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Liu, YM; Sanders, T; Tchounwou, PB, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Toxicity testing is the primary step to determine the water quality safe limit on marine organisms." | ( Environmental safety level of lead (Pb) pertaining to toxic effects on grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and tiger perch (Terapon jarbua). Hariharan, G; Purvaja, R; Ramesh, R, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Ashwagandha also provided a significant protection to lipid peroxidation (LPx) levels, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but not reduced glutathione (GSH) contents in brain tissue as well as peripheral organs, liver and kidney, suggesting its ability to act as a free radical scavenger protecting cells against toxic insult." | ( Glioprotective effects of Ashwagandha leaf extract against lead induced toxicity. Kataria, H; Kaur, G; Kumar, P; Lakhanpal, D; Nazmi, A; Singh, R, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The data was obtained that co-administration of Pb with NPs of SiO2 and TiO2 led to changes in a number of indicators that can be interpreted as a slight increase in the toxic effect of the tested substances." | ( [Influence of titanium dioxide and silica nanoparticles on accumulation and toxicity of lead in experiments with intragastric co-administration]. Gmoshinskiĭ, IV; Khotimchenko, SA; Mustaphina, OK; Shumakova, AA; Soto, SKh; Trushina, ÉN, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb²⁺ exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions." | ( Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb²⁺ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis: morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system. Liu, H; Tang, X; Tian, Y; Wang, Q; Zhou, J, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The BLM used in the present study hypothesizes that metals inhibit an essential cation (calcium) and organisms die as a result of its deficiency, leading to an assumption that the proportion of metal-binding ligand (f) is responsible for the toxic effects of metals on the survival of rainbow trout." | ( Testing an application of a biotic ligand model to predict acute toxicity of metal mixtures to rainbow trout. Iwasaki, Y; Kamo, M; Naito, W, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " chrysosporium, but also offer important informations on the development of fungal-based remediation technologies to reduce the toxic effects of lead." | ( The oxidative stress of Phanerochaete chrysosporium against lead toxicity. He, X; He, Y; Huang, C; Huang, D; Lai, C; Lai, M; Li, N; Wan, J; Wei, Z; Xu, P; Zeng, G, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " We conclude that lead is developmentally toxic to other areas of the developing embryo, not just the brain." | ( Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of lead in the Danio rerio body. Carneiro, B; DeWolf, S; Roy, NM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a prominent toxic metal in natural and engineered systems." | ( Lead toxicity to the performance, viability, and community composition of activated sludge microorganisms. Chen, X; Karyala, S; Liu, Y; Vikesland, PJ; Yuan, L; Zhang, H; Zhi, W, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The frequency of highly toxic responses (reduced 10% or more relative to reference sites) in Tri-State sediments was greatest for amphipod survival (25% of samples), midge biomass (20%), and mussel survival (14%)." | ( Toxicity of sediments from lead-zinc mining areas to juvenile freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) compared to standard test organisms. Besser, JM; Brumbaugh, WG; Ingersoll, CG; Kemble, NE; MacDonald, DD; May, TW; Roberts, AD; Wang, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals that cause adverse health effects in humans and animals." | ( Dietary strategies for the treatment of cadmium and lead toxicity. Chen, W; Narbad, A; Zhai, Q, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Lead is a metal with many recognized adverse health side effects and yet the molecular processes underlying lead toxicity are still poorly understood." | ( Lead toxicity induces autophagy to protect against cell death through mTORC1 pathway in cardiofibroblasts. Hu, MX; Liu, L; Sui, L; Yun, KL; Zhang, HC; Zhang, P; Zhang, RH, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Pb can cause adverse effects, but its mobility and availability in the terrestrial environment are strongly controlled by soil properties." | ( Effect of soil properties on the toxicity of Pb: assessment of the appropriateness of guideline values. Martin Peinado, FJ; Romero-Freire, A; van Gestel, CAM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Experiments on rainbow trout, implanted with dorsal aortic catheters for repetitive blood sampling, demonstrated that exposure to Pb alone (26 nmol PbL(-1)) was less toxic than Cd alone (6 nmol CdL(-1)), which was much less toxic to the fish than a Cd plus Pb mixture (7 nmol CdL(-1) plus 45 nmol PbL(-1)), which led to greater than additive 80% mortality by 5d." | ( Effects of Pb plus Cd mixtures on toxicity, and internal electrolyte and osmotic balance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Clemow, YH; Wilkie, MP, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Heavy metals are known to be toxic to organisms." | ( Nephrotoxic effects of lead nitrate exposure in diabetic and nondiabetic rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and the protective role of sodium selenite. Baş, H; Kalender, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The aims of this study were to evaluate the toxic effects on Daphnia magna from exposure to the polycyclic musks and the heavy metals in combination with stress from suspended solids exposure." | ( The Influence of Suspended Solids on the Combined Toxicity of Galaxolide and Lead to Daphnia magna. Chen, F; Yao, Q; Zhou, X, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The results suggest that biochar may have an excellent ability to mitigate the toxic effects of Pb(II) on soil microorganisms and rice." | ( Biochar amendment to lead-contaminated soil: Effects on fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity and phytotoxicity to rice. Gu, Y; Guo, Y; Hu, X; Liu, Y; Sun, Z; Tan, X; Wang, X; Zeng, G; Zeng, X, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The toxic effect of Pb on kidneys was also studied." | ( Silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid ameliorate lead-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats. Alcaraz-Contreras, Y; Gallegos-Corona, MA; Martínez-Alcaraz, ER; Martínez-Alfaro, M; Mendoza-Lozano, RP; Ramírez-Morales, MA; Vázquez-Guevara, MA, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The interactions between the essential element selenium (Se) and the toxic element lead (Pb) have been reported extensively; however, limited data are available regarding the effects of Se on Pb and the ion profile in chicken liver." | ( The Antagonistic Effect of Selenium on Lead Toxicity Is Related to the Ion Profile in Chicken Liver. Gao, X; Liu, G; Xu, T, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " However, the adverse effects of these toxins and protein fibrils were negated in the presence of curcumin." | ( Curcumin Protects β-Lactoglobulin Fibril Formation and Fibril-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Khodagholi, F; Mazaheri, M; Moosavi-Movahedi, AA; Saboury, AA; Shaerzadeh, F; Sheibani, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Since the last In-Depth Review of lead toxicity in 2004 there have been further developments with regard to safe exposure levels for lead workers." | ( Lead toxicity. Gidlow, DA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "To advise occupational health professionals of the latest research on the multi-system toxic effects of lead and the implications of this research for setting new safe and appropriate occupational suspension limits." | ( Lead toxicity. Gidlow, DA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The fate and effects of toxic trace metals in soil freshly spiked soluble metal salts do not mimic those of metals in the field." | ( Toxicity in lead salt spiked soils to plants, invertebrates and microbial processes: Unraveling effects of acidification, salt stress and ageing reactions. Cheyns, K; Lanno, R; Oorts, K; Peeters, S; Smolders, E, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " By combining information of mixture effects on metal uptake with mixture toxicity data, the present study provides more insight in the way metal mixtures interfere with aquatic organisms and how they can induce toxic effects." | ( Uptake and toxicity of Cd, Cu and Pb mixtures in the isopod Asellus aquaticus from waterborne exposure. Bervoets, L; Blust, R; De Jonge, M; Van Ginneken, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The high concentration of metal content would be toxic to the cell because metal ions can act as oxidants and bind to organic and protein molecules." | ( Toxicity and Traces of Hg, Pb and Cd in the Hepatopancreas, Gills and Muscles of Perna viridis from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Irnidayanti, Y, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Its higher levels in the environment are not only toxic to human beings but also harmful for plants and soil microbes." | ( Lead toxicity in rice: effects, mechanisms, and mitigation strategies--a mini review. Abbas, RN; Anjum, SA; Ashraf, U; Hussain, S; Kanu, AS; Khan, I; Mo, Z; Tang, X, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Despite remedial actions undertaken in the 1980's, areas within the TSMD still contain Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations exceeding safe levels." | ( State of remediation and metal toxicity in the Tri-State Mining District, USA. Gouzie, D; Gutiérrez, M; Johnson, AW; McAliley, LR, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The obtained results suggest that drinking tea could be an effective method of reducing the adverse effect of environmental Cd and Pb pollution on the human body." | ( The potential protective effect of green, black, red and white tea infusions against adverse effect of cadmium and lead during chronic exposure - A rat model study. Winiarska-Mieczan, A, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "01), and BDE209 supply could weaken the adverse influence." | ( Changes of lead speciation and microbial toxicity in soil treated with repeated Pb exposure in the presence of BDE209. Fu, R; Lin, K; Liu, G; Zhang, R; Zhang, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Mining is an economically important activity in Colombia which generates large quantities of residues containing potentially toxic elements such as heavy metals." | ( [Genotoxic effects in a human population exposed to heavy metals in the region of La Mojana, Colombia, 2013]. Calao, CR; Marrugo, JL, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Plant yield and photosynthetic performance was the highest in the aquatic environment; however, the presence of toxic metals (TM) negatively affected photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry as shown by the JIP test." | ( Metal toxicity differently affects the Iris pseudacorus-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis in terrestrial and semi-aquatic habitats. Anielska, T; Błaszkowski, J; Gołuszka, K; Rozpądek, P; Turnau, K; Wężowicz, K; Zhebrak, I, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The interactions between the essential element selenium (Se) and the toxic element lead (Pb) have been reported extensively; however, little is known about the effect of Se on Pb toxicity and the expression pattern of selenoproteins in the cartilage of chicken." | ( Effects of Dietary Selenium Against Lead Toxicity on mRNA Levels of 25 Selenoprotein Genes in the Cartilage Tissue of Broiler Chicken. Fu, J; Gao, H; Liu, CP; Song, SQ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " These results demonstrate that toxicity tests with Hyalella fed optimal diets can meet more stringent test acceptability criteria for control performance, but suggest that results of these tests may underestimate sublethal toxic effects of Pb to Hyalella under suboptimal feeding regimes." | ( Effect of diet quality on chronic toxicity of aqueous lead to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Besser, JM; Brumbaugh, WG; Ingersoll, CG; Ivey, CD, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " It was proposed that Pb toxicity (the metal responsible for the toxic symptoms under the conditions tested) result from the combination of an ionic mechanism and the intracellular ROS accumulation." | ( Toxicity Induced by a Metal Mixture (Cd, Pb and Zn) in the Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Mesquita, VA; Silva, CF; Soares, EV, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The aim of this work was to study the effect of nanostructured silicon dioxide (SiO2), widely used as a food additive, on the accumulation and manifestation of the toxic effect of lead (Pb) when co-administered to rats in the subacute experiment." | ( [Lead toxicity at its joint administration with nanostructured silica]. Gmoshinsky, IV; Khotimchenko, SA; Mustafina, OK; Shumakova, AA; Soto, SKh; Trushina, EN, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Lead toxicity presents a worldwide health problem, especially due to its adverse effects on cognitive development in children." | ( The Genetic Basis for Variation in Sensitivity to Lead Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Anholt, RR; Hussain, YN; Luoma, SE; Mackay, TF; McCoy, L; Morozova, TV; Yamamoto, A; Zhou, S, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Evolutionary conservation of cellular pathways that respond to toxic exposure allows predictions regarding orthologous genes and pathways across phyla." | ( The Genetic Basis for Variation in Sensitivity to Lead Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Anholt, RR; Hussain, YN; Luoma, SE; Mackay, TF; McCoy, L; Morozova, TV; Yamamoto, A; Zhou, S, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "In this paper we studied the effect of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) on the accumulation and biomarkers of toxic action of lead (Pb) when co-administered to rats in subacute experiment." | ( [Lead toxicity in its joint administration with the aluminium oxide nanoparticles to rats]. Gmoshinsky, IV; Khotimchenko, SA; Mustafina, OK; Shumakova, AA; Soto, SKh; Trushina, EN, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " In this study, the accumulation and toxicity of mixed essential (Cu) and nonessential (Cd and Pb) metals in zebrafish larvae exposed to a binary mixture of these elements at environmentally relevant concentrations were predicted using a refined toxicokinetic (TK)-toxicodynamic (TD) model aided with biotic ligand model (BLM) and toxic equivalent factor (TEF) approach." | ( Application of biotic ligand and toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling to predict the accumulation and toxicity of metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Han, F; Zhu, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Supplementation with TQ remarkably improved the Pb-induced adverse effects without significantly reducing the metal accumulation in the liver." | ( Protective effect of thymoquinone against lead-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Bel Hadj Salah, I; Ben Cheikh, H; Chaieb, W; Mabrouk, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Three models (models I, II, and III) were compared in the present study to predict and interpret the toxicity exerted by binary metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae, with the assumption of competition between metals based on the biotic ligand model and toxic potencies of individual metals." | ( Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of 3 modeling approaches. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Zhu, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Blood lead levels > 25 μg/dL and 40 μg/dL are considered toxic in children and adults, respectively." | ( Retained Lumbar Bullet: A Case Report of Chronic Lead Toxicity and Review of the Literature. Bustamante, ND; Macias-Konstantopoulos, WL, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Mortality and morbidity by toxic metals is an important issue of occupational health." | ( Lead toxicity promotes autonomic dysfunction with increased chemoreceptor sensitivity. Carvalho, M; Geraldes, V; Goncalves-Rosa, N; Laranjo, S; Rocha, I; Tavares, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Iron is an essential nutrient but high levels are toxic due to the catalytic generation of destructive hydroxyl radicals." | ( A role for amyloid precursor protein translation to restore iron homeostasis and ameliorate lead (Pb) neurotoxicity. Cahill, CM; Jiang, H; Liu, Y; Rogers, JT; Smith, A; Tummala, V; Venkataramani, V; Washburn, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Natural honey has many biological activities including protective effect against toxic materials." | ( Protective Effect of Morocco Carob Honey Against Lead-Induced Anemia and Hepato-Renal Toxicity. Al-Waili, NS; Amarti, A; Ansari, MJ; Bakour, M; El-Haskoury, R; Fihri, AF; Lyoussi, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "It might be concluded that honey has a protective effect against lead-induced blood, hepatic and renal toxic effects." | ( Protective Effect of Morocco Carob Honey Against Lead-Induced Anemia and Hepato-Renal Toxicity. Al-Waili, NS; Amarti, A; Ansari, MJ; Bakour, M; El-Haskoury, R; Fihri, AF; Lyoussi, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The immobilization, accumulation and toxic effects of Pb in the after-amended soil were assessed by the in vitro toxicity tests and pot experiments." | ( In situ remediation and phytotoxicity assessment of lead-contaminated soil by biochar-supported nHAP. Fang, J; Fang, Z; Tsang, PE; Yang, Z; Zhao, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In this paper, we reviewed studies on the toxicity of arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium, the toxic metals of most concern to human health, focusing on the potential risks to newborns and infants." | ( Arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium: Toxicity, levels in breast milk and the risks for breastfed infants. Caldas, ED; Rebelo, FM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "To alleviate adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity, diverse range of removing methods have been suggested, that is usage of algae, agricultural by-products and microorganisms." | ( Protective potential of Lactobacillus species in lead toxicity model in broiler chickens. Abdullah, N; Ebrahimi, R; Jahromi, MF; Liang, JB; Rezaeizadeh, A; Shokryazdan, P; Soleimani, AF, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Lead was one of the most dangerous environmental toxic substances for a long time in western countries, and this is still the case for many places on earth today." | ( There is no safe threshold for lead exposure: Α literature review. Arseniou, S; Samakouri, M; Vorvolakos, T, ) | 0.13 |
| " Mathematical description of the results from both experiments with the help of the Response Surface Methodology has shown that, as well as in the case of any other binary toxic combinations previously investigated by us, the response of the organism to a simultaneous exposure to any two of the Me-NPs under study is characterized by complex interactions between all possible types of combined toxicity (additivity, subadditivity or superadditivity of unidirectional action and different variants of opposite effects) depending on which effect it is estimated for as well as on the levels of the effect and dose." | ( In vivo toxicity of copper oxide, lead oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles acting in different combinations and its attenuation with a complex of innocuous bio-protectors. Gurvich, VB; Katsnelson, BA; Klinova, SV; Makeyev, OH; Meshtcheryakova, EY; Minigalieva, IA; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Shishkina, EV; Shur, VY; Sutunkova, MP; Valamina, IE; Varaksin, AN; Zubarev, IV, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " These results suggest the potential use of LAB as a probiotic to protect humans from the adverse effects of Pb exposure." | ( Potential use of lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a probiotic for the removal of Pb(II) toxicity. Gu, S; Lee, SM; Lee, WK; Lim, JM; Oh, BT; Oh, E; Yi, YJ, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a toxic element and environmental pollutant." | ( Selenium for the mitigation of toxicity induced by lead in chicken testes through regulating mRNA expressions of HSPs and selenoproteins. An, Y; Huang, H; Li, S; Teng, X; Tian, Y; Wang, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Development of comparative toxicity potentials of cationic metals in soils for applications in hazard ranking and toxic impact assessment is currently jeopardized by the availability of experimental effect data." | ( Limitations of experiments performed in artificially made OECD standard soils for predicting cadmium, lead and zinc toxicity towards organisms living in natural soils. Cedergreen, N; Chrzanowski, Ł; Owsianiak, M; Sydow, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " However, compared with single chemical exposure, the larval offspring at 5 dpf from the coexposure groups had reversed the adverse influences from maternal origin." | ( Transgenerational endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae after parental exposure to binary mixtures of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and lead. Chen, L; Guo, Y; Lam, JCW; Lam, PKS; Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zhou, B, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " There is no safe level of exposure, necessitating a nuanced approach to its control in the food we consume, the water we drink, and the air we breathe." | ( The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Lead in the Context of Its Toxicity. Maret, W, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " As a conclusion and outlook, a direction of future studies towards establishment of reliable concentration thresholds of the various toxic effects and their causal interconnection is suggested." | ( Lead Toxicity in Plants. Küpper, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Heavy metals are considered some of the most toxic environmental pollutants." | ( Comparative In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, and Methylmercury) on HT-22 Hippocampal Cell Line. Karri, V; Kumar, V; Oliveira, E; Ramos, D; Schuhmacher, M, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " To estimate ability of personal protective equipment (PPE) materials that reduce toxic effects of ionizing radiations, we developed an experimental bioassay system using Chinese Hamster V79 cells." | ( Development of bioassay system for evaluation of materials for personal protective equipment (PPE) against toxic effects of ionizing radiations. Sakuma, S; Yamauchi, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " We then discuss physicians' roles and ethical responsibilities regarding safe drinking water using a human rights framework." | ( Water Safety and Lead Regulation: Physicians' Community Health Responsibilities. Duncan, LL; Jennings, B, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The results of this review indicate that lead's usage was widespread throughout the 19th century, and its toxic properties were well-known." | ( Historical documentation of lead toxicity prior to the 20th century in English literature. Afshari, R; Jonasson, ME, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Background Lead is a toxic metal that is widely distributed in the environment where caftaric acid (CA) is the ester form of caffeic acid where CA is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods and beverages." | ( Role of caftaric acid in lead-associated nephrotoxicity in rats via antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. Arbid, MS; Koriem, KMM, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Only 16% (n=22) children had desirable lead levels while most had either subclinical (76%, n=106) or toxic lead levels (8%, n=11)." | ( High Burden of Subclinical Lead Toxicity after Phase Out of Lead from Petroleum in Pakistan. Ghani, F; Jafri, L; Khan, AH; Khan, NU; Majid, H; Siddiqui, I, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Here the adverse effects on the reproductive processes of the marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (ascidian) of different xenobiotics: lead, zinc, an organic tin compound and a phenylurea herbicide were evaluated." | ( Toxicity of marine pollutants on the ascidian oocyte physiology: an electrophysiological approach. Gallo, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Elevated concentrations of some metals are known to have adverse effects on reproduction, development, and survival in birds; however, little research has been conducted on metal exposure in wild bobwhites." | ( Using Feathers to Evaluate Adverse Effects of Metals on Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in Texas. Ertl, HMH; Mora, MA; Schmude, E; Taylor, RJ, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Lead (Pb) is one of the ubiquitous and toxic elements in aquatic environment." | ( Tissue-specific molecular and cellular toxicity of Pb in the oyster (Crassostrea gigas): mRNA expression and physiological studies. Li, L; Meng, J; Wang, WX; Zhang, G, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " However, its potential interactions with companying toxic metals and the associated mixture effects are largely unknown." | ( Toxicity interactions between manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) in a model organism the nematode C. elegans. Lenz, KA; Lu, C; Ma, H; Pattison, C; Svoboda, KR, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " CNTs have a very strong adsorption affinity for various environmental contaminants; therefore, they may also influence the toxic effects of other pollutants, such as toxic metals." | ( Effects of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on toxicity and bioaccumulation of lead in Daphnia magna. Hwang, YS; Jang, MH, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Lead was reported to be ubiquitous in the environment, and chronic low-level exposure has been associated with adverse effects, including effects opposite to the outcomes associated with lithium." | ( Psychiatric benefits of lithium in water supplies may be due to protection from the neurotoxicity of lead exposure. Brown, EE; Gerretsen, P; Graff-Guerrero, A; Pollock, B, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Pb is toxic to aquatic organisms and can provoke damage to membranes and inhibit the activity of essential enzymes." | ( Assessing lead toxicity in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum: Bioaccumulation and biochemical responses. Aouini, F; Blasco, J; Elcafsi, M; Trombini, C; Volland, M, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The adverse effects that these compounds exert on health are quite complex and difficult to elucidate, in that they act at different levels and there are various signaling pathways that are implicated in the mechanisms of damage." | ( Toxic Effect of Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic on the Sertoli Cell: Mechanisms of Damage Involved. Bassol-Mayagoitia, S; Hernández-Ibarra, JA; Nava-Hernández, MP; Ramos-Treviño, J; Ruiz-Flores, P, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The results of this study indicate that dietary Pb exposure induces toxic effects on antioxidant responses, neurotransmitter, and immune responses of Starry Flounder." | ( Toxic Effects and Depuration on the Antioxidant and Neurotransmitter Responses after Dietary Lead Exposure in Starry Flounder. Hwang, IK; Kang, JC; Kim, JH; Kim, KW; Park, HJ, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Sulfur (S) can modulate plant responses to toxic heavy metals, but the underlying physiological and transcriptional regulation mechanisms remain largely unknown." | ( Sulfur nutrition stimulates lead accumulation and alleviates its toxicity in Populus deltoides. Chen, Y; Ding, S; Li, Z; Luo, ZB; Ma, C; Shi, WG; Zhang, Y, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Many plants and bacteria have evolved to develop detoxification mechanisms to counter the toxic effect of lead." | ( A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of lead in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies. Hans, N; Kumar, S; Kushwaha, A; Rani, R, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The current proteomics analysis of three metals support the insight into the proteins involved in neurodegeneration and the altered proteins can be useful for metal-specific biomarkers of exposure and its adverse effects." | ( Differential protein expression of hippocampal cells associated with heavy metals (Pb, As, and MeHg) neurotoxicity: Deepening into the molecular mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Coort, SL; Evelo, CT; Karri, V; Kumar, V; Mariman, ECM; Martinez, JB; Odena, A; Oliveira, E; Ramos, D; Schuhmacher, M, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Hereby, the molecular information provided by pathway and gene functional analysis can be used to develop a more thorough understanding of each metal mechanism at the protein level for different neurological adverse outcomes (e." | ( Differential protein expression of hippocampal cells associated with heavy metals (Pb, As, and MeHg) neurotoxicity: Deepening into the molecular mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Coort, SL; Evelo, CT; Karri, V; Kumar, V; Mariman, ECM; Martinez, JB; Odena, A; Oliveira, E; Ramos, D; Schuhmacher, M, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The flux of dissolved metals, particularly Cu, from shallow pore water to surface water likely exposes prime ELS sturgeon habitat to toxic conditions." | ( Potential Toxicity of Dissolved Metal Mixtures (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) to Early Life Stage White Sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus) in the Upper Columbia River, Washington, United States. Balistrieri, LS; Calfee, RD; Cox, SE; Mebane, CA; Puglis, HJ; Wang, N, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Lead (Pb) causes significant adverse effects on the developing brain, resulting in cognitive and learning disabilities in children." | ( Auditory Training Reverses Lead (Pb)-Toxicity-Induced Changes in Sound-Azimuth Selectivity of Cortical Neurons. Cheng, Y; Jia, G; Liu, X; Lurie, DI; Merzenich, MM; Shan, Y; Sun, X; Wei, F; Yu, L; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q; Zhou, J; Zhou, X; Zhu, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Although there is no safe lead exposure level, a health-based drinking water standard has not been established." | ( Safeguarding Children's Health: Time to Enact a Health-Based Standard and Comprehensive Testing, Mitigation, and Communication Protocol for Lead in Drinking Water. Aceituno, AM; Gibson, JM; Levine, KE; Redmon, JH; Woodward, KP, ) | 0.13 |
| "Natural and human activities introduced an excess level of toxic lead (Pb) to the environment." | ( Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. Kumar, A; Prasad, MNV, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Chelation therapy was used to reduce the adverse effects of acute and chronic poisoning by metals." | ( Protective effects of isatin and its synthetic derivatives against iron, copper and lead toxicity. Ahmadi, S; Faraji, H; Hakimi, M; Mashkani, B; Moghimi Benhangi, H; Molafilabi, A, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Phytohormones also activated the xanthophyll cycle which is extensively involved in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus in adverse environmental conditions." | ( Exogenously applied auxins and cytokinins ameliorate lead toxicity by inducing antioxidant defence system in green alga Acutodesmus obliquus. Bajguz, A; Bralska, M; Piotrowska-Niczyporuk, A; Zambrzycka-Szelewa, E, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Acute and long-term (3-, 10- and 56-day exposure) laboratory toxicity tests were carried out to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in Brassica oleracea and Trifolium repens." | ( Combined toxic effects and DNA damage to two plant species exposed to binary metal mixtures (Cd/Pb). Bernard, F; Cuny, D; Deram, A; Devred, I; Dumez, S; Hayet, A; Lanier, C; Leclercq-Dransart, J; Lemière, S; Nesslany, F; Platel, A; Vandenbulcke, F, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Extensive concerns have been attracted by their toxic effects on soil microorganisms." | ( Toxicity responses of bacterial community as a biological indicator after repeated exposure to lead (Pb) in the presence of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209). Gao, M; Lin, K; Liu, B; Lu, Q; Xia, X; Zhang, R; Zhang, W, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The presence of delayed toxic effects also suggests that post-exposure observations are necessary to avoid underestimation of metal toxicity." | ( A combined toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics approach to investigate delayed lead toxicity in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus. Belloc da Silva Muccillo, V; Van Gestel, CAM; Zhang, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " There are no scientific studies done with the Hulivesha dancers at all, and therefore, we investigated the adverse effects of painting body like a tiger and dancing in the volunteers." | ( Audit of toxic effects of body paint in the tiger dancers (Hulivesha) of Mangalore, India: an investigational study. Bala, N; Baliga, MS; Jakribettu, RP; Khalekhan, F; Mathai, RT; Pai, V; Prabhu, HS; Shivashankara, AR; Simon, P, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "In this study, we investigated the clinico-haematological effects of topical application of lead-containing paint and dancing for three consecutive days in these dancers to ascertain the toxic effects of whole body painting and dancing." | ( Audit of toxic effects of body paint in the tiger dancers (Hulivesha) of Mangalore, India: an investigational study. Bala, N; Baliga, MS; Jakribettu, RP; Khalekhan, F; Mathai, RT; Pai, V; Prabhu, HS; Shivashankara, AR; Simon, P, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The results from this study clearly shows that topical application of the acrylic paint increases lead, changes haematological parameters and imparts adverse skin reactions." | ( Audit of toxic effects of body paint in the tiger dancers (Hulivesha) of Mangalore, India: an investigational study. Bala, N; Baliga, MS; Jakribettu, RP; Khalekhan, F; Mathai, RT; Pai, V; Prabhu, HS; Shivashankara, AR; Simon, P, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead is toxic to fish, and its toxicity can be aggravated by the water temperature." | ( Temperature affects the toxicity of lead-contaminated food in Geophagus brasiliensis (QUOY & GAIMARD, 1824). Barbosa, B; Cabral, D; Coppo, G; Gomes, LC; Lopes, TO; Merçon, J; Passos, LS; Pereira, TM, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels." | ( Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. Camats-Perna, J; Huat, TJ; Kitazawa, M; Medeiros, R; Newcombe, EA; Valmas, N, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The present study was designed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of Pb in albino rats and to evaluate the ameliorative role of garlic as well as Spirulina maxima against such toxic effects." | ( Modulation of caspase-3 gene expression and protective effects of garlic and spirulina against CNS neurotoxicity induced by lead exposure in male rats. Abdrabou, MI; Elleithy, EMM; Galal, MK; Shaheen, YM; Yasin, NAE, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " We investigated the developmental toxicity of combined treatment, especially its toxic effects on zebrafish neurodevelopment." | ( Synergistic effects of Pb and repeated heat pulse on developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Ji, X; Jin, M; Liu, K; Sheng, W; Wang, R; Zhang, B, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Although the adverse effects of Pb on human health have previously been extensively explored, the eco-toxicological effects on aquatic vertebrates still need further investigation." | ( Zebrafish behavioral phenomics applied for phenotyping aquatic neurotoxicity induced by lead contaminants of environmentally relevant level. Gao, Y; Ji, X; Jin, M; Kong, H; Li, X, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal in aquatic environments." | ( Toxic effects of lead exposure on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and immune responses in fish: A review. Choi, H; Hwang, UK; Kang, JC; Kang, YJ; Kim, JH; Kim, KI; Lee, JW, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The TD sub-model further indicated that metal concentrations in the gill may effectively act as more suitable indicator of Cd and Pb toxic effect than whole body or other organs." | ( Physiologically based toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (PBTK-TD) modelling of Cd and Pb exposure in adult zebrafish Danio rerio: Accumulation and toxicity. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Liu, X; Qu, L; Zhang, Y; Zhu, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " This study: (1) presents results of an investigation into the toxic effects of Pb on bacterial activity and immobilization efficiency within a wide range of Pb concentrations; and (2) identifies controlling biotic and abiotic factors of Pb immobilization by MICP." | ( Microbial induced carbonate precipitation for immobilizing Pb contaminants: Toxic effects on bacterial activity and immobilization efficiency. Bi, YZ; Du, YJ; Jiang, NJ; Liu, R, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " These adverse effects of Pb were ameliorated by EGCG treatment, which increased testosterone, E2 serum level, and aromatase P450 gene expression, and improved testicular architecture and semen picture." | ( The protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on testicular oxidative stress in lead-induced toxicity mediated by Cyp19 gene / estradiol level. Hassan, E; Hassan, M; Kahilo, K; Kamal, T; Saleh Elgawish, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Cd and Pb are two of the most common toxic heavy metals that have been linked with cancers and malfunction of the nervous system." | ( High-throughput assessment of toxic effects of metal mixtures of cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and manganese(Mn) in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Tang, B; Tang, L; Tong, P; Wang, JS; Williams, PL; Xue, KS, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and an environmental pollutant, particularly because of its anthropogenic activity." | ( Putative impacts of phytogenic additives to ameliorate lead toxicity in animal feed. Abd El-Hack, ME; Abd El-Moneim, AEE; Abdelnour, SA; Arif, M; Khafaga, A; Samak, D; Shaheen, H; Swelum, AA, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a nonessential heavy metal that can be bioconcentrated to highly toxic levels in the environment." | ( Gene networks and toxicity/detoxification pathways in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) liver induced by acute lead stress. Bai, Y; Qi, X; Qian, B; Wu, Y; Xue, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Today, the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of many diseases and different toxic agents has become highly accepted due to their effectiveness and lower costs." | ( Thymoquinone ameliorates oxidative damage and histopathological changes of developing brain neurotoxicity. Abd El-Aziz, GS; Aburas, M; Deifalla, AH; El-Fark, M; Mal, A; Mustafa, HN; Saleh, HA, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in biological systems." | ( Lead toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation. Ahmad, M; Anjum, MZ; Farooq, M; Hussain, M; Hussain, S; Ishfaq, M; Maqsood, M; Zulfiqar, U, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " We estimate the absolute oral bioavailability of metals in crayfish tissues by means of in vitro bioaccessibility simulations, and assess whether their consumption may imply a health risk for humans by estimating target hazard quotients and safe consumption rates." | ( Food safety risk assessment of metal pollution in crayfish from two historical mining areas: Accounting for bioavailability and cooking extractability. Mateo, R; Morales-Machuca, C; Ortiz-Santaliestra, ME; Pareja-Carrera, J; Rodríguez-Estival, J, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and has aroused widespread concern as it can cause severe impairments in the developing nervous system." | ( A protective role of autophagy in Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Chen, X; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Liao, G; Liu, J; Meng, X; Peng, T; Tu, H; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zou, F, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Lead (Pb) is recognized as the first heavy metal of the top six toxic air pollutants threatening human health and the second hazardous substance." | ( The role of NF-κB and AhR transcription factors in lead-induced lung toxicity in human lung cancer A549 cells. Attafi, IM; Bakheet, SA; Korashy, HM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " For one and the same toxic combination, the type of combined toxic action can vary from synergistic to contra-directional." | ( Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium. Bushueva, TV; Gurvich, VB; Katsnelson, BA; Klinova, SV; Korotkov, AA; Makeyev, OH; Minigalieva, IA; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Ryabova, JV; Shtin, TN; Shuman, EA; Sutunkova, MP; Valamina, IE, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "One of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment nowadays is lead (Pb)." | ( Evaluation of possible molecular toxicity induced by occupational exposure to lead and concomitant effect of smoking. Badr El Dine, FMM; Balah, MIF; Diab, IH; Foda, NT; Fouad, AA, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Our findings suggest that 1% of ZnO-NPs cream is safe when applied topically on the inflamed skin." | ( Ameliorative Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Dermal Toxicity Induced By Lead Oxide In Rats. Azouz, RA; Farroh, KY; Galal, MK; Hassanen, EI; Ibrahim, MA; Khalaf, AA; Zaki, AR, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Analyses of eleven oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters showed all Pb, Cd and As induced oxidative damages, and the co-exposure further enhanced their toxic effects." | ( Combined toxicity and detoxification of lead, cadmium and arsenic in Solanum nigrum L. Cui, X; Cui, Z; Li, X; Liu, W; Zhang, X, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The overall findings revealed that Pb and DBP co-exposure greatly influenced the developmental nervous system and accompanied with synergistic toxic effect." | ( Evaluation of combined developmental neurological toxicity of di (n-butyl) phthalates and lead using immature mice. Chen, H; Ding, Y; Feng, W; Liu, H; Mao, G; Wu, X; Yang, L; Zhang, W; Zhao, T, 2020) | 0.56 |
| ") Royle in response to three representative toxic heavy metals." | ( Comparative study on the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel and their toxic effects on the growth and enzyme defence strategies of a heavy metal accumulator, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. An, RD; Chen, M; Li, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, LL, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Lead, toxic heavy metal of global concern, induces toxicity in various organs via oxidative stress." | ( Ameliorative effect of curcumin against lead acetate-induced hemato-biochemical alterations, hepatotoxicity, and testicular oxidative damage in rats. Abdelhamid, FM; Ateya, AI; Mahgoub, HA, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " We encourage replacing lead completely with more inert metals to deliver safe perovskite technologies." | ( Biological impact of lead from halide perovskites reveals the risk of introducing a safe threshold. Abate, A; Cantone, I; Cao, HL; Jiao, WB; Li, J; Lü, J; Wang, Q; Wei, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Several toxic effects of lead on reproductive organs, renal system, central nervous system, liver, lungs, blood parameters, and bones have been reported." | ( Therapeutic role of garlic and vitamins C and E against toxicity induced by lead on various organs. Ali, S; Andleeb, S; Khan, R; Mumtaz, S; Shakir, HA; Tahir, HM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The coexistence of HA and divalent cations enhanced PbPNPs aggregation and reduced toxicity, with both Pb-ions and the interaction between the PbPNPs-particles and bacterial cells contributing to the toxic effects." | ( The fate and toxicity of Pb-based perovskite nanoparticles on soil bacterial community: Impacts of pH, humic acid, and divalent cations. Peijnenburg, WJGM; Vijver, MG; Wang, G; Wang, Z; Zhai, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic effect on plants, animals, and humans." | ( Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. A Khan, S; Chaturvedi, AK; Gupta, DK; Kumar, A; M M S, CP; Malyan, SK; Mondal, R; S Kumar, S; Shabnam, AA; Subrahmanyam, G; Yadav, KK, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Low level (25 μg/mL) of rGO was not toxic to A549 cells." | ( Alleviating effects of reduced graphene oxide against lead-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. Ahamed, M; Akhtar, MJ; Alhadlaq, HA; Khan, MAM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The incremental life cancer risk ILCR of Pb were within safe range of <1E-04." | ( Safety of honey consumed in Enugu State, Nigeria: a public health risk assessment of lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Amadi, CN; Chijioke-Nwauche, I; Ezejiofor, AN; Orisakwe, OE; Ozoani, H, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a toxic environmental pollutant that is frequently present in effluents from urban, mining, and industrial sources." | ( Effects of thermal stress-induced lead (Pb) toxicity on apoptotic cell death, inflammatory response, oxidative defense, and DNA methylation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Ahn, G; Han, EJ; Kwak, IS; Park, K, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Lead in the form of acetate had a relevant toxic effect, as evidenced by a significant increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the treated samples relative to control samples." | ( Biochemical adaptation of wild and cultivated soybean against toxicity of lead salts. Arsene, AL; Chernyshuk, DK; Ercisli, S; Golokhvast, KS; Ivachenko, LE; Lavrent'yeva, SI; Martinenko, NV; Nawaz, MA; Tsatsakis, AM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In addition, we found exposure of Cd-Pb mixed metals causes greater adverse effects than Cd, Pb alone on development and morphology of embryo." | ( Response Patterns of Biomarkers as Tools to Identify Toxic Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Bufo gargarizans Embryo. Peng, J; Wang, H; Wu, M; Zheng, R, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The above toxic effects got more serious with increasing Pb concentration and prolonging exposure time." | ( Genotoxic effects and proteomic analysis on Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. root cells under Pb stress. Li, D; Li, S; Lyu, G; Ning, C; Qin, R, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Among the heavy metal poisonings, lead is considered as a major toxic metal causing hematological, neurological, immunological, hepatic, and renal dysfunctions." | ( Zingerone prevents lead-induced toxicity in liver and kidney tissues by regulating the oxidative damage in Wistar rats. Ahmad, P; Ahmad, SB; Amin, I; Arafah, A; Ganaie, SA; Hussain, I; Mir, BA; Mir, MUR; Muzamil, S; Rehman, MU; Shanaz, S, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Our findings point out that MOE could be used as an alternative remedy to overcome the adverse effects of Pb exposure, which may be due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects." | ( Alleviation of lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by Moringa oleifera extract in rats: highlighting the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Abdel-Daim, MM; Albasher, G; Alkahtani, S; Almeer, R, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "05) in granulocyte and monocyte counts was observed with the administered doses of selected toxic metals as compared with the values obtained from the reference group." | ( Assessment of copper, chromium, and lead toxicity in fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844) through hematological biomarkers. Khisroon, M; Shah, N; Shah, SSA, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Human exposure to lead can occur in a variety of ways, all of which involve exposure to potentially toxic elements as environmental pollutants." | ( Lead Toxicity and Pollution in Poland. Backstrand, JR; Charkiewicz, AE, 2020) | 0.56 |
| ") and establish reliable empirical models of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) transfer in the soil-plant system." | ( Lead and copper-induced hormetic effect and toxicity mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a contaminated soil. Chen, D; Gao, B; Li, J; Niazi, NK; Peng, AA; Qiu, Y; Sakrabani, R; Trakal, L; Wang, H; Wu, W; Wu, Z; Zhao, Q, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The aquatic sediment acts as a reservoir for multiple sources of pollutants including toxic metals." | ( Use of embedded Chelex chelating resin and sediment toxicity bioassays with medaka embryos to determine the bioavailability and toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment. Chen, GW; Chen, PJ; Lee, DY, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Disinfecting drinking water with chlorine inadvertently generates disinfection byproducts (DBPs) which can cause potential adverse health effects to humans." | ( Differential Cytotoxicity of Haloaromatic Disinfection Byproducts and Lead Co-exposures against Human Intestinal and Neuronal Cells. Liu, J; Olson, C; Qiu, N; Sayes, CM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Excessive lead exposure is associated with adverse health effects." | ( Development of a benchmark dose for lead-exposure based on its induction of micronuclei, telomere length changes and hematological toxicity. Au, W; Christiani, DC; Gong, S; Li, A; Meng, Y; Tu, Y; Wang, K; Wang, T; Xia, ZL; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Sal significantly increased testicular P concentration compared with untreated controls and significantly elevated the testicular Ca and Fe concentrations compared with the toxic control group." | ( Ameliorative effects of deferiprone and tetraethylammonium salt of salinomycinic acid on lead-induced toxicity in mouse testes. Dorkov, P; Gluhcheva, Y; Helbich, TH; Ivanova, J; Keppler, B; Koellensperger, G; Pashkunova-Martic, I; Pavlova, E; Petrova, E; Schaier, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "In the present study, impact of salicylic acid (SA), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and concomitant application of SA and NaHs seed priming was investigated in alleviation of the lead stress adverse effects on growth parameters, total chlorophyll content, dicarbonyl stress, and lead-induced iron deficiency in maize." | ( Pre- sowing seed treatment with salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide confers Pb toxicity tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). Jamei, R; Rahmani, F; Zanganeh, R, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In the present study, we examined the toxic effects of lead acetate (Pb) on testicular structure and the possible effect of quercetin on mitigating these effects." | ( Protective Effect of Quercetin on Testis Structure and Apoptosis Against Lead Acetate Toxicity: an Stereological Study. Alaee, S; Azarpira, N; Bordbar, H; Dolati, P; Jamhiri, I; Khodabandeh, Z; Mehrabani, D; Zamiri, MJ, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " This toxic effect was attenuated with a bioprotective complex administered in the background." | ( Some data on the comparative and combined toxic activity of nanoparticles containing lead and cadmium with special attention to their vasotoxicity. Gurvich, VB; Katsnelson, BA; Klinova, SV; Minigalieva, IA; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Riabova, JV; Sakhautdinova, RR; Shishkina, EV; Shtin, TN; Shur, VY; Sutunkova, MP, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The interstitial water criteria toxicity unit (IWCTU), calculated from DGT measurements, indicated no and low-to-moderate toxic risk of sediments in summer and winter seasons, respectively, and Pb was the major contributor to the predicted toxic effects in the soft interstitial water." | ( Mobilization mechanisms and toxicity risk of sediment trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) based on diffusive gradients in thin films: A case study in the Xizhi River basin, South China. Chen, J; Gao, L; Hou, L; Li, M; Li, R; Liang, Z; Wu, Q; Yang, Z, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Although encouraging a collective approach to accountability can improve the provision of high quality and safe care, there is a lack of knowledge of how to train teams to adopt collective leadership." | ( The Collective Leadership for Safety Culture (Co-Lead) Team Intervention to Promote Teamwork and Patient Safety. Anjara, S; Cunningham, U; De Brún, A; Khurshid, Z; Macdonald, S; McAuliffe, E; O'Donovan, R; Rogers, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal pollutants and can damage male reproductive function." | ( A potential mechanism associated with lead-induced spermatogonia and Leydig cell toxicity and mitigative effect of selenium in chicken. Hou, L; Huang, H; Lin, X; Pan, S; Wang, M; Zhao, Q; Zheng, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metal environmental pollutants due to its widespread use of the industry and it is a harmful substance for human and animal health." | ( Ellagic acid plays an important role in enhancing productive performance and alleviating oxidative stress, apoptosis in laying quail exposed to lead toxicity. Aksakal, M; Arkali, G; Birben, N; Iflazoglu Mutlu, S; Seven, I; Sur Arslan, A; Tatli Seven, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a known toxic heavy metal which accumulates in different tissues and causes oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation." | ( Protective Effect of Vitamin D3 Against Pb-Induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways. Afsharzadeh, N; Hoseinrad, H; Moosazadeh Moghaddam, M; Mousazadeh, A; Shahrestanaki, JK; Yadegari, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The available chelator drugs used now have many adverse effects." | ( Synergistic protective effect of Beta vulgaris with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid against lead-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Abd El-Kader, SE; El-Kersh, MAL; Habashy, NH; Mogahed, FAK; Shaban, NZ, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb), a toxic pollutant, is toxic to the testis." | ( Selenium-Alleviated Testicular Toxicity by Modulating Inflammation, Heat Shock Response, and Autophagy Under Oxidative Stress in Lead-Treated Chickens. Feng, R; Hou, L; Huang, H; Lin, X; Pan, S; Wang, M; Wang, S; Zhao, Q, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Studies have shown that lead (Pb) is one of hazardous heavy metals with various adverse effects on human health including mental health; Pb can induce psychiatric disorders like anxiety." | ( Lead (Pb) exposure induces physiological alterations in the serotoninergic and vasopressin systems causing anxiogenic-like behavior in Meriones shawi: Assessment of BDMC as a neuroprotective compound for Pb-neurotoxicity and kidney damages. Abbaoui, A; Bouyatas, MM; El Khiat, A; Gamrani, H; Tamegart, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal for humans, animals and plants even at low concentrations in the soil." | ( Mitigation of Pb toxicity by Mn in seedling of the cacao clonal CCN 51 genotype grown in soil: physiological, biochemical, nutritional and molecular responses. Ahnert, D; Apraez Muñoz, JJ; Baligar, VC; de Almeida, AF; Pirovani, CP, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The defensive strategies used by bacteria to ameliorate the toxic effects of lead comprise biosorption, efflux, production of metal chelators like siderophores and metallothioneins and synthesis of exopolysaccharides, extracellular sequestration and intracellular bioaccumulation." | ( Bacterial tolerance strategies against lead toxicity and their relevance in bioremediation application. Chatterjee, S; Gupta, DK; Kataki, S; Mitra, A; Rastogi, RP, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Although many studies have reported toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the central nervous system, few studies have investigated the combined toxicity of Cd and Pb." | ( Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cadmium- and Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Both Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress and Activation of Fas/FasL and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways in Rat Cerebral Cortex. Bian, JC; Gu, JH; Liu, XZ; Liu, ZP; Wang, L; Wen, SQ; Yuan, Y; Zhao, SW; Zhu, QP; Zou, H, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Nowadays, dried milk products are highly traded and consumed all over the world, so we aimed in this study to evaluate to what extent whole and skim milk powders are safe and comply with Egyptian standards." | ( Safety and quality aspects of whole and skimmed milk powders. Hafiz, NM; Ibrahim, AS; Saad, MF, ) | 0.13 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are the major toxic heavy metals accumulated in rice and pose a serious threat to human health." | ( Colonized extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans alleviates toxicity of cadmium and lead by suppressing heavy metal accumulation and improving antioxidant system in rice. Chen, Q; Dai, S; Hua, Y; Jiang, M; Li, S; Tian, B; Wang, B; Wang, L; Xie, Z; Yu, N; Zhou, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb) is one of the most common environmental pollutants and causes adverse effects on human and animal health." | ( Protective role of yeast beta-glucan on lead acetate-induced hepatic and reproductive toxicity in rats. Arkali, G; Iflazoglu Mutlu, S; Kanmaz, OE; Ozer Kaya, S; Seven, I; Tatli Seven, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "The present study was conducted to investigate the potential adverse effect of Pb on pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their fetuses after maternal exposure, on gestational days (GD) 7-16." | ( Developmental toxicity of lead in rats after gestational exposure and the protective role of taurine. Aglan, HS; Ain-Shoka, AA; Gebremedhn, S; Kandil, AM; Safar, MM; Salilew-Wondim, D; Schellander, K; Tesfaye, D, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The aim of the present study was to examine the toxic effects of lead acetate on fertility in male mice and their offspring, and the potential effect of quercetin on mitigating the likely effects." | ( Reproductive and embryological toxicity of lead acetate in male mice and their offspring and mitigation effects of quercetin. Akhlaghi, A; Atashi, H; Dolati, P; Jamhiri, I; Khodabandeh, Z; Mehrabani, D; Zamiri, MJ, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In contrast, silymarin ameliorated in a dose dependent mannar the toxic effects of lead acetate on the liver and kidneys through modulation of lead acetate which altered liver and kidney function and structures via reducing lipid oxidation and pathological changes of hepatic and renal tissue structure, improving antioxidant defense system of liver and kidneys, and decreasing pro-apoptotic gene expression in hepatic tissue." | ( Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic prophylactic effect of silymarin against lead-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Abd Eldaim, MA; Alkafafy, M; Barakat, ER; Elaziz, SAA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " It is imperative to establish accurate soil thresholds based on soil-plant transfer models and food safety standards for safe agricultural production." | ( Derivation and validation of thresholds of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic for safe rice production in paddy soil. Gao, J; Jiang, Y; Li, D; Ma, Y; Sun, B; Wang, X; Ye, X, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead acetate (PbAc) is one of the toxic metals in the environment which causes many effects on different organs of the body." | ( Protective effects of olive leaf extract against reproductive toxicity of the lead acetate in rats. Ahmed, HA; Ali, HA; Mutar, TF, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Here, we provide a meaningful and challenging subject to explore the toxic effect and mechanism between UFPs and lung tissue at cellular levels, and theoretical basics for the possible changes of lung tissue function in vivo." | ( The combination of ultrafine carbon black and lead provokes cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mice lung fibroblasts through oxidative stress-activated mitochondrial pathways. Chu, S; Cui, Z; He, F; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, R; Sun, N, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a common toxic heavy metal pollutant in the environment that seriously endangers the health of animals." | ( Quercetin and Allicin Can Alleviate the Hepatotoxicity of Lead (Pb) through the PI3K Signaling Pathway. Bai, Y; Bian, J; Cai, P; Cao, Q; Gu, J; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Yuan, Y; Zhu, Q; Zou, H, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Some of the food items consumed in this area are not entirely safe from metal toxicity and this may have serious health consequences." | ( Trace metal toxicity in some food items in three major markets in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria and associated health implications. Ayanda, OI; Bello, OA; Nwabuisi, OI, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Perturbations of these endpoints are described as common key events in adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) specific for DNT." | ( Combining in vitro assays and mathematical modelling to study developmental neurotoxicity induced by chemical mixtures. Bal-Price, A; Bopp, SK; Carpi, D; Mendoza-de Gyves, E; Paini, A; Pistollato, F; Worth, A, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Renal adverse effects were associated to lead fumes exposure." | ( Evaluation of the Role of KIM-1 in Detecting Early Nephrotoxicity in Lead-Exposed Workers. Ahmed, MH; Ayesh, NA; Fouad, MM; Hussein, AA; Kamal, MM, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "In the present study, toxic effects, both alone and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb) and endosulfan (ES) in the low doses were investigated in rat liver and kidney functions." | ( Toxicological assessment of low-dose bisphenol A, lead and endosulfan combination: chronic toxicity study in male rats. Dökmeci, AH; Erboğa, ZF; Güzel, S; Karaboğa, İ; Yılmaz, A, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In conclusion, the combined exposure of Pb and ZnO-NPs induced pronounced toxic thyroid injury, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual metal effects through different significant changes of disruptive thyroid structural alterations related to the loading of thyroid tissues with Pb and zinc metals producing oxidative stress that mediated inflammation and apoptosis." | ( Combined lead and zinc oxide-nanoparticles induced thyroid toxicity through 8-OHdG oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2 activation in rats. Alabiad, MA; El-Sheikh, AA; Ibrahim, HM; Khayal, EE; Shalaby, AM, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Lead (Pb) poses an adverse effect on plant growth and development." | ( Application of exogenous glycinebetaine alleviates lead toxicity in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) by promoting antioxidant enzymes and suppressing Pb accumulation. Gu, J; Han, C; He, J; Ji, Y; Ren, Y; Zhu, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Environmental contamination from toxic metals and pesticides is an issue of great concern due to their harmful effects to human health and the ecosystems." | ( Vitamin C Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Impairments Induced by Deltamethrin and Lead Toxicity in Zebrafish. Ciobica, A; Faggio, C; Flocea, EI; Jijie, R; Lazado, CC; Nicoara, M; Paduraru, E; Simionov, IA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "In order to ensure the safe production of vegetables in Pb-contaminated farmland under the complex interactions of an extreme geological background area and human activities in Southwest China, 32 types of widely planted vegetable varieties in the southwest region were collected." | ( [Safety Production Threshold and Land Quality Classification of Vegetable Pb in High Geological Background Area of Southwest China]. Mu, DM; Sun, YB, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Lead is a highly toxic metal that displays developmental neurotoxicity." | ( The role of ambra1 in Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Chen, X; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Liao, G; Liu, J; Meng, X; Peng, T; Tu, H; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zou, F, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The release of toxic metals in the water creates an adverse condition for the living organisms (e." | ( Spatiotemporal variation and toxicity of trace metals in commercially important fish of the tidal Pasur River in Bangladesh. Alam, MW; Ali, ML; Ali, MM; Bhuyan, MS; Das, M; Islam, MN; Islam, MS; Mustary, S; Rahman, MZ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Therefore, Cd was a factor of about 10 to 30 × more toxic than Pb, consistent with findings on the relative toxicity of Cd and Pb to other soil organisms, including earthworms, springtails, and mites." | ( Toxicity and accumulation of lead and cadmium in the land snail, Archachatina papyracea, in a tropical Alfisol from Southwestern Nigeria. Awodiran, M; Ayanda, OE; Jegede, OO; Owojori, OJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The continuous discharge of microplastics into aquatic ecosystems, combined with different toxic chemicals can create serious environmental pollution." | ( Combined toxicity of microplastic and lead on submerged macrophytes. Abduro Ogo, H; Gao, X; Li, X; Tang, N; Xing, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Although a number of common genetic and epigenetic factors have been identified, the reviewed studies, which link these factors to various adverse health outcomes following Pb exposure, have provided somewhat inconsistent evidence of main health effects." | ( Systemic review of genetic and epigenetic factors underlying differential toxicity to environmental lead (Pb) exposure. Cuomo, D; Foster, MJ; Threadgill, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Others are explicitly toxic at low concentrations, increasing the risk of organ-related toxicity." | ( Interactions and toxicity of non-essential heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg): lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. Abolaji, AO; Fasae, KD, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are two of the most toxic and globally prevalent pollutants, disproportionately impacting disadvantaged communities." | ( From speciation to toxicity: Using a "Two-in-One" whole-cell bioreporter approach to assess harmful effects of Cd and Pb. Li, B; Tefsen, B; Wells, M; Zhang, X, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Increasing rates of commercialization and industrialization have led to the comprehensive evaluation of toxic effects of microplastics on crop plants." | ( Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on lead toxicity in dandelion seedlings. Bai, L; Gao, M; Li, X; Song, Z; Wang, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " However, their dermal bioaccessibility and adverse effects on human skin cells were not fully understood." | ( Dermal bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity of heavy metals in urban soils from a typical plateau city: Implication for human health. Cui, DL; Gao, P; Li, JY; Li, MY; Ma, JY; Wang, J; Xiang, P; Yang, DL, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The intake of contaminants including potenially toxic elements (PTEs) can occur through food, air, water and some medicines." | ( Differential toxicity of potentially toxic elements to human gut microbes. Bolan, N; Bolan, S; Grainge, I; Kunhikrishnan, A; Naidu, R; Seshadri, B; Talley, NJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " We aimed to reveal the behavior and toxic effect of Pb caused by ingesting Pb shots in waterfowl." | ( Behavior and toxic effects of Pb in a waterfowl model with oral exposure to Pb shots: Investigating Pb exposure in wild birds. Ichise, T; Ikenaka, Y; Ishii, C; Ishizuka, M; Kimura, T; Kobayashi, A; Nakamura, Y; Nakayama, SMM; Ogasawara, K; Saito, K; Sato, H; Torimoto, R; Watanabe, Y; Yamagishi, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Lead (Pb) is the most common toxic heavy metal that is physiologically non-essential and imposes health complications in animals and humans." | ( Essential Trace Metals as Countermeasure for Lead Toxicity. Bhattacharya, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Results from laboratory studies conformed with predictions from the bioavailability tools because Zn and Pb were more toxic to aquatic organisms in surface water collected from Owode-Onirin and Kara locations, respectively, compared to toxicity in surface water from other locations." | ( Predicting Metal Bioavailability and Risk of Toxicity in Nigerian Surface Waters: Are the Existing User-Friendly Bioavailability Tools Applicable? Bawa-Allah, KA; Bulama, H; Hamzat, SA; Moiett, DM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The use of low-cost substances such as biochar could be a sustainable approach to reduce the mobility, accumulation, and toxic impact of heavy metals in crop systems." | ( Effect of biochar amendment on metal mobility, phytotoxicity, soil enzymes, and metal-uptakes by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in contaminated soils. Chand, N; Pandey, B; Suthar, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Adverse effects of contaminated soils have been widely assessed by the use of plants." | ( Chronic toxicity, bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in Lactuca sativa exposed to waste from an abandoned gold mine. Bargiela, MF; Calabró, MR; Crespo, DC; Roqueiro, G; Tapia, R; Young, BJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Although the toxic effects of metals had been extensively studied, there is a paucity of information on their mixture toxicity." | ( The binary combined toxicity of lithium, lead, and manganese on the proliferation of murine neural stem cells using two different models. Chang, X; Li, J; Li, Y; Luo, H; Song, B; Zhang, B; Zhou, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In conclusion, our findings suggested that the combination of PS-MPs and Pb aggravated ovarian toxicity in mice by inducing oxidative stress and activating the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway, thereby providing a basis for future studies into the combined toxic mechanism of PS-MPs and Pb in mammals." | ( Co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics and lead aggravated ovarian toxicity in female mice via the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. Feng, Y; Fu, F; Wang, W; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Yuan, H; Zhang, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " For all algorithms, the classifiers poorly classified toxic and non-toxic samples due to limited information on the sediment composition and the small training dataset." | ( Identifying the acute toxicity of contaminated sediments using machine learning models. Ban, MJ; Jin, DR; Kang, JH; Kim, GH; Kim, K; Kim, S; Lee, DH; Lee, M; Oa, SW; Park, YJ; Shin, SW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In the current study, we investigated the role of exogenously applied sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide (NO) donor) in ameliorating the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on rice." | ( Exogenously Applied Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Lead Toxicity in Rice by Regulating Antioxidants and Metal Stress-Related Transcripts. Al Azzawi, TNI; Ali, S; Imran, M; Khan, M; Lee, DS; Lee, GM; Lee, IJ; Methela, NJ; Moon, YS; Mun, BG; Pande, A; Rahim, W; Yun, BW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely dispersed in the environment because of human industrial activities." | ( Glycine protects the male reproductive system against lead toxicity via alleviating oxidative stress, preventing sperm mitochondrial impairment, improving kinematics of sperm, and blunting the downregulation of enzymes involved in the steroidogenesis. Abdoli, N; Ahmadi, HN; Akhlagh, A; Azarpira, N; Heidari, R; Jamshidzadeh, A; Khodaei, F; Mousavi, K; Niknahad, H; Ommati, MM; Rashno, S; Retana-Marquez, S; Rezaei, M; Sabouri, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "82) were low compared to other pinniped pups, indicating potential vulnerability of pups to the toxic effects of Hg." | ( Non-essential heavy metals and protective effects of selenium against mercury toxicity in endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) pups with hookworm disease. Gray, R; Lee, D; McQuilty, R; Taylor, S; Terkildsen, M; Wing-Simpson, A, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The toxicity of lead (Pb) has been intensively studied, while the adverse effects in the population on a high-fat diet (HFD) remain unclear." | ( Lead exposure exacerbates adverse effects of HFD on metabolic function via disruption of gut microbiome, leading to compromised barrier function and inflammation. Gan, B; Hu, L; Liu, S; Xu, H; You, T; Zhang, J; Zhao, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Micro (Nano)plastics are ubiquitous in the environment and can potentially affect the toxic effects of other chemicals, such as heavy metals." | ( Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics with different functional groups on the accumulation and toxicity of Pb on dandelion. Bai, L; Dong, Y; Gao, M; Song, Z; Wang, S; Zhao, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "This study aimed to assess pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the Zarjoub and Goharroud river basins in northern Iran." | ( Human-induced pollution and toxicity of river sediment by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and accumulation in a paddy soil-rice system: A comprehensive watershed-scale assessment. Aghayani, E; Belmont, P; Haghnazar, H; Johannesson, KH; Mehraein, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use." | ( Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations. Abdulwahab, A; Albukhary, N; Almukainzi, M; Alotaibi, L; El Mahdy, AM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "As a toxic anthropogenic pollutant, lead (Pb) can be harmful to both plants and animals." | ( Sodium nitroprusside ameliorates lead toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the antioxidant scavenging system, nitrogen metabolism, lead sequestration mechanism, and proline metabolism. Fallah, H; Niknezhad, Y; Sayyadi, G, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Furthermore, BM and OS were found to suppress the Cd and Pb uptake by water spinach, keeping them below international standards for safe utilization." | ( Application of bovine bone meal and oyster shell meal to heavy metals polluted soil: Vegetable safety and bacterial community. Lai, W; Lu, G; Tao, X; Wang, M; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zou, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants found in common sites and linked to similar adverse health effects." | ( Joint Action Toxicity of Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb) Mixtures in Developing Zebrafish. Freeman, JL; Kiper, K, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Lead (Pb) is a well-known human carcinogen causing toxic effects on humans and the environment." | ( An assessment of the efficacy of biochar and zero-valent iron nanoparticles in reducing lead toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aqeel, M; Ashraf, S; Ibrahim, M; Irshad, MK; Lam, SS; Liew, RK; Mahmood, A; Nauman Mahamood, M; Noman, A; Zhu, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The objectives of the study were to simulate low-level Pb exposure scenario in an animal model and to examine reproductive adverse effects." | ( Derivation of benchmark doses for male reproductive toxicity in a subacute low-level Pb exposure model in rats. Antonijević, B; Anđelković, M; Baralić, K; Boričić, N; Bulat, Z; Ćurčić, M; Djordjevic, AB; Repić, A; Vukelić, D; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Of concern, Cd exposure caused significant toxic damage, including increased mortality and malformation rates, apoptosis of brain neurons, and severe locomotor behavior aberration in mutant zebrafish." | ( Evaluation of the oxidative toxicity induced by lead, manganese, and cadmium using genetically modified nrf2a-mutant zebrafish. Liao, G; Meng, X; Peng, T; Xu, Y; Zhou, Q; Zhu, J; Zou, F, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In this study, microbial agents (a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobacterium multivorum, and a commercial microbial product named OBT) and soil amendments (β-cyclodextrin, rice husk, biochar, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and organic fertilizer) were evaluated to determine their applicability in alleviating toxicity to crops (maize and soybean) posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and potentially toxic metals co-contaminated soils." | ( Integrative effects of microbial inoculation and amendments on improved crop safety in industrial soils co-contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Cao, X; Cui, X; Cui, Z; Ni, SQ; Xu, L; Xue, W; Zhao, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Notably, alterations in organoid morphology characterized by abnormal morphology rate were correlated with specific intestinal toxic effects, including reduction in cell viability and differentiation, induction of apoptosis, dysfunction of mucus production, and damage to epithelial barrier upon repeated administration." | ( Morphological alterations in C57BL/6 mouse intestinal organoids as a tool for predicting chemical-induced toxicity. Aschner, M; Chen, L; Chen, S; Chen, W; Guo, Z; Jiang, X; Jiang, Y; Li, D; Li, M; Pang, Y; Wang, Z; Xing, X; Ye, L; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The current study focused on mitigating the adverse effects of lead (Pb) exposure in reducing its toxicity worldwide." | ( Emblica officinalis mitigates intestinal toxicity of mice by modulating gut microbiota in lead exposure. Che, Y; Ding, X; Kulyar, MF; Li, K; Qin, M; Wan, X; Wang, Y; Wu, C; Wu, Y; Xu, Y; Yu, Y; Zheng, S; Zhou, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " These findings provide guidelines for a safe utilization of treated wastewater in agricultural systems and to reduce freshwater use pressure." | ( Treated Livestock Wastewater Irrigation Is Safe for Maize ( Diatta, S; Hamani, AKM; Kama, R; Li, S; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Song, J; Yang, F; Zhao, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Toxic metal exposure, especially cadmium, arsenic, and lead, causes oxidative damages, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic and epigenetic modifications." | ( Protective potential of thymoquinone against cadmium, arsenic, and lead toxicity: A short review with emphasis on oxidative pathways. Ghasemi, F; Nili-Ahmadabadi, A; Nili-Ahmadabadi, M; Omidifar, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Thereby, we used a biological model species-Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to examine the nephrotoxic effects of Pb exposure and possible toxic mechanism of Pb on birds." | ( Lead exposure induced developmental nephrotoxicity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) via oxidative stress-based PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition and NF-κB pathway activation. Jing, L; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " To obtain the linkage between investigated toxic mixture and thyroid diseases (TDs), the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used, while gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed by ToppGeneSuite portal." | ( In silico assessment of mixture toxicity mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases: The combination of toxic metal(oid)s and decabrominated diphenyl ether. Antonijević Miljaković, E; Antonijević, B; Baralić, K; Buha Đorđević, A; Bulat, Z; Ćurčić, M; Radović, B; Stojilković, N; Vukelić Javorac, D; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Therefore, we investigated the toxic effects of carbonate-bound fraction Pb on agricultural soil from various aspects." | ( Carbonate-bound Pb percentage distribution in agricultural soil and its toxicity: Impact on plant growth, nutrient cycling, soil enzymes, and functional genes. Feng, L; Gao, Z; He, S; Jiang, J; Liu, Y; Ma, H; Wei, L; Zhao, Q, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "To summarize available pre-clinical and limited clinical evidence on plant polyphenols as potential antidotes against lead poisoning and discuss toxic mechanisms of lead." | ( Lead toxicity and potential therapeutic effect of plant-derived polyphenols. Dong, M; Niu, C; Niu, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "In this review, we review key toxic mechanisms of lead and its pathological effects on the neurological, reproductive, renal, cardiovascular, hematological, and hepatic systems." | ( Lead toxicity and potential therapeutic effect of plant-derived polyphenols. Dong, M; Niu, C; Niu, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Some of these heavy metals are toxic to both humans and animals." | ( Analysis of heavy metals and toxicity level in the tannery effluent and the environs. Mehra, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Therefore, it can be concluded that (1) biochar storage will affect its chemical properties and ameliorate its effects, (2) biochar can ameliorate soil properties and immobilize metal(loid)s, while green manures tended to have adverse effects at first, and (3) soil/amendment mixtures should be left to mature about two weeks before potential plant implementation." | ( Natural ageing of biochar improves its benefits to soil Pb immobilization and reduction in soil phytotoxicity. Bourgerie, S; Cagnon, B; Chafik, Y; Lebrun, M; Morabito, D; Palmeggiani, G; Renouard, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Our objectives are to understand knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking and prevent lead exposure among women of reproductive age." | ( Knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age. Campbell, K; Cupal, S; Kodjebacheva, GD; Lapeyrouse, LM; Okungbowa-Ikponmwosa, J; Walker, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Low levels of knowledge, confidence, and reported preventative health behaviors related to safe water drinking and lead exposure prevention existed." | ( Knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age. Campbell, K; Cupal, S; Kodjebacheva, GD; Lapeyrouse, LM; Okungbowa-Ikponmwosa, J; Walker, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Despite widespread media attention and resources directed toward reducing the negative health effects of lead exposure following the Flint Water Crisis, significant gaps in knowledge related to safe water drinking remain." | ( Knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age. Campbell, K; Cupal, S; Kodjebacheva, GD; Lapeyrouse, LM; Okungbowa-Ikponmwosa, J; Walker, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "This research was conducted to look at the effects of lead poisoning on heat shock response, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in albino rats, as well as the power of selenium and vitamin E to resist lead toxic effects." | ( Selenium and vitamin E ameliorate lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, mRNA of heat shock proteins, and NF-kB production. Ibrahim, MA; Mesalam, NM; Mousa, MR; Said, NM, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Pb is a toxic material that can induce HSPs and inflammatory markers expression." | ( Selenium and vitamin E ameliorate lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, mRNA of heat shock proteins, and NF-kB production. Ibrahim, MA; Mesalam, NM; Mousa, MR; Said, NM, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The present study aimed to examine the toxic effects of lead on animals and the isolation, identification, and characterization of lead-resistant bacterial strains and their biodegradation potential." | ( Toxicity assessment of heavy metal (Pb) and its bioremediation by potential bacterial isolates. Ali, D; Ali, Q; Ali, SM; Arif, MU; Malook, SU; Nawaz, I; Rafique, A; Tahir, U; Zameer, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Whether lead-induced neurotoxicity and its related adverse outcomes are viewed as "permanent" or "persistent" may influence the way in which potential remediation efforts are considered for improving outcomes from childhood lead poisoning." | ( Neurotoxicity and Outcomes from Developmental Lead Exposure: Persistent or Permanent? Schneider, JS, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The objective of this commentary was to discuss the ideas of permanence and persistence in relation to the direct neurotoxic effects of lead on the brain and the resulting adverse outcomes from these effects." | ( Neurotoxicity and Outcomes from Developmental Lead Exposure: Persistent or Permanent? Schneider, JS, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, there is evidence that at least some of the adverse cognitive/behavioral outcomes from lead exposure are persistent rather than permanent and potentially amenable, under the appropriate circumstances, to some level of mitigation." | ( Neurotoxicity and Outcomes from Developmental Lead Exposure: Persistent or Permanent? Schneider, JS, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Lead acetate (PbAc) is one of the top five most dangerous toxic heavy metals, particularly leading to kidney damage and posing serious health risks in both humans and animals." | ( Protective effects of sinapic acid against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity: a multi-biomarker approach. Akaras, N; Gür, C; Kandemir, FM; Küçükler, S; Şimşek, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Herein, the toxic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Pb-PNPs in the respiratory system are investigated." | ( Lung Toxicity and Molecular Mechanisms of Lead-Based Perovskite Nanoparticles in the Respiratory System. Chen, L; Ding, X; Gu, Z; Guo, J; He, R; Hu, H; Liao, Y; Mei, L; Wang, C; Wang, D; Wang, H; Zhang, T; Zhu, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The present study was conducted to assess the toxic effects of heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and antibiotics (TC) on Triticum aestivum (T." | ( Toxic effects of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and tetracycline (TC) on the growth and development of Triticum aestivum: A meta-analysis. Ahmad, M; Gao, S; Han, JC; Huang, Y; Khan, KA; Li, B; Rahman, SU; Zhao, X; Zhou, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This type of information has been useful in illuminating the burden of lead exposure for children, families and youth serving agencies and engaging public officials, landlords and residents in initiatives to bring housing up to lead safe standards." | ( Making the case for lead safe housing: Downstream effects of lead exposure on outcomes for children and youth. Cho, Y; Coulton, C; Fischer, RL; Jeon, J; Park, J; Richter, FG, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, when FAE was administered concurrently, it restored the biochemical parameters to normal levels, reduced the toxic effects of DZN and Pb, and provided protection against testicular histopathological injury." | ( Ferulago angulata extract alleviates testicular toxicity in male mice exposed to diazinon and lead. Hajian, M; Naderi, N; Nasr-Esfahani, MH; Nazem, MN; Souri, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Exposures to these metals are associated with impaired neuronal functions and adverse effects on neurodevelopment in children." | ( Identification of novel NRF2-dependent genes as regulators of lead and arsenic toxicity in neural progenitor cells. Azzara, D; Boomhower, SR; Cohen, ED; Diwadkar, AR; Himes, BE; Lu, Q; O'Reilly, MA; Park, HR, 2024) | 1.44 |
Lead is ionizable, zwitterionic hydroxyiminoacetamido alkylamine. Elimination half-life of total DMSA (parent drug plus oxidized metabolites) was longer in children with lead poisoning. Results suggest that the ALAD-2 genotype may influence the pharmacokinetic distribution and chronic renal toxicity.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The observed lead concentration-time data in different tissues of the rats, in the absence and presence of As-Ac, have been simulated using a physiological pharmacokinetic modelling technique." | ( A physiological pharmacokinetic model describing the disposition of lead in the absence and presence of L-ascorbic acid in rats. Dalley, JW; Gupta, PK; Hung, CT, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "A pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the disposition of lead in the rat." | ( Pharmacokinetic model to describe the disposition of lead in the rat. Bornemann, LD; Colburn, WA, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Taken together, these results suggest that the ALAD-2 genotype may influence the pharmacokinetic distribution and chronic renal toxicity of lead, perhaps due to differential binding of lead to the variant protein." | ( A polymorphism in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene may modify the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of lead. Hu, H; Kelsey, KT; Smith, CM; Wang, X, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Elimination half-life of total DMSA (parent drug plus oxidized metabolites) was longer in children with lead poisoning (3." | ( Pharmacokinetics of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in patients with lead poisoning and in healthy adults. Aposhian, HV; Dart, RC; Hassen, LV; Hurlbut, KM; Maiorino, RM; Mayersohn, M, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " These data are instructive with respect to understanding the nature of previously demonstrated lead/ethanol interactions, and rule out the possibility that lead-induced disturbances in the catalysis of ethanol, or some other pharmacokinetic operation, is the basis for the effects of lead on ethanol intake and ethanol administration." | ( Lead/ethanol interactions. II: pharmacokinetics. Burkey, RT; Grover, CA; Nation, JR, ) | 0.13 |
| "A method for the modeling and prediction of pharmacokinetic properties based on computed molecular interaction fields and multivariate statistics has been investigated in different experimental datasets." | ( VolSurf: a new tool for the pharmacokinetic optimization of lead compounds. Cruciani, G; Guba, W; Pastor, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " In addition, appropriate pharmacokinetic analyses are used to quantitate systemic dosimetry based on the saliva Pb concentrations." | ( Development of an integrated microanalytical system for analysis of lead in saliva and linkage to a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model describing lead saliva secretion. Lin, Y; Poet, TS; Thrall, KD; Timchalk, C; Weitz, KK; Zhao, R, ) | 0.13 |
| "This presentation describes the development of a prototype Monte Carlo module for the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for lead, created by Dr Ellen O'Flaherty." | ( The development of a stochastic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for lead. Beck, BD; Bowers, TS; Cohen, JT; Mattuck, RL; O'Flaherty, E, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Herein, we examine the pharmacokinetic properties of a lead ionizable, zwitterionic hydroxyiminoacetamido alkylamine in mice to develop a framework for studying these agents in vivo and generate sufficient data for their consideration as appropriate antidotes for humans." | ( Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Disposition of Zwitterionic Hydroxyiminoacetamido Alkylamines as Reactivating Antidotes for Organophosphate Exposure. Fokin, VV; Green, C; Kovarik, Z; Maček Hrvat, N; Radić, Z; Sharpless, KB; Sit, RK; Taylor, P; Žunec, S, 2018) | 0.48 |
Local structure of trace amounts of lead in an adsorbent matrix that contains a high concentration of iron and magnesium was successfully monitored. EMF combined with lead exposure induced remarkable increase in MDA, GSH content and T-AOC and decrease in cell membrane fluidity both in the brain and liver.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " prenatal + suckling period + 4 weeks after weaning) development in combination with ethanol was investigated in Wistar rats at the age of 12 weeks on open-field behaviour and auditory startle response." | ( Behavioural effects of subchronic lead treatment in combination with ethanol in rats. Nagymajtényi, L; Schulz, H, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The local structure of trace amounts of lead in an adsorbent matrix that contains a high concentration of iron and magnesium (Mg6Fe2(OH)16(CO3) x 3H2O) was successfully monitored by means of X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy combined with fluorescence spectrometry." | ( X-ray absorption fine structure combined with fluorescence spectrometry for monitoring trace amounts of lead adsorption in the environmental conditions. Izumi, Y; Kiyotaki, F; Minato, T; Seida, Y, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "The diagnosis of lead poisoning combined with cadmium in sheep and horses living on farmland in the vicinity of non-ferrous metal smelters in Baiyin of Gansu province in China was based on laboratory findings as well as clinical signs." | ( Lead poisoning combined with cadmium in sheep and horses in the vicinity of non-ferrous metal smelters. Liu, ZP, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "To study the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELF EMF) and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse brain and liver tissues." | ( [Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse]. Hong, R; Liu, Y; Weng, E; Zhang, Y, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "0 mT), EMF combined with lead exposure induced remarkable increase in MDA, GSH content and T-AOC and decrease in cell membrane fluidity both in the brain and liver, and increase in SOD activity only in liver." | ( [Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse]. Hong, R; Liu, Y; Weng, E; Zhang, Y, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Sequential extraction (modified BCR procedure) combined with isotope analysis has been investigated as a tool for assessing mobilisation of lead into streams at an upland catchment in NE Scotland." | ( Sequential extraction combined with isotope analysis as a tool for the investigation of lead mobilisation in soils: application to organic-rich soils in an upland catchment in Scotland. Bacon, JR; Dunn, SM; Farmer, JG; Graham, MC; Vinogradoff, SI, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with microsampling pulse nebulization technique." | ( [Determination of trace elements in Spirulina platensis (Notdst.) Geitl. by flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with microsampling pulse nebulization technique]. Cai, XD; Cheng, CG; Fan, MH; Hong, QH; Li, DT, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "A new method of continuous flow microextraction (CFME) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was proposed for the determination of trace lead in water samples." | ( Determination of trace lead in water samples by continuous flow microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Cao, J; Liang, P; Liu, R, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Our results suggest that the use of plant in combination with PW as a Pb immobilizing amendment attenuated downward Pb leaching and altered Pb species to more geochemically stable phases." | ( Attenuation of lead leachability in shooting range soils using poultry waste amendments in combination with indigenous plant species. Hashimoto, Y; Matsufuru, H; Sato, T, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The hypotheses of this study were that the growth-promoting phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) can alleviate toxic effects of metals on plants and increase metal phytoextraction in combination with the biodegradable chelating agent ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS)." | ( Effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on sunflower growth and heavy metal uptake in combination with ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS). Evangelou, MW; Fässler, E; Robinson, BH; Schulin, R, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "A sensitive and selective on chip magnetic immunoassay method, based on a sandwich-type immunoreaction with PbS nanoparticle (NPs) labels in combination with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS), was proposed for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)." | ( Nanoparticle labelling-based magnetic immunoassay on chip combined with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in human serum. Chen, B; He, M; Hu, B; Jiang, P; Peng, H; Zhang, X, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " In this work, an efficient and environmentally friendly process for metals recovery from waste PCBs by supercritical water (SCW) pre-treatment combined with acid leaching was developed." | ( Recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards by supercritical water pre-treatment combined with acid leaching process. Qi, Y; Xiu, FR; Zhang, FS, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Lead, chromium and cadmium contaminations in herbal medicines were monitored using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS)." | ( Trace determination of lead, chromium and cadmium in herbal medicines using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Aghamohammadi, M; Faraji, M; Kalhor, H; Saleh, A; Shahdousti, P, ) | 0.13 |
| " The purpose of this study was to investigate and also to compare the dietary intakes of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) by adults living in Shiraz, Iran, determined by two procedures: duplicate portion sampling of 21 hospital meals combined with either instrumental analysis (voltammetric measurement) or the use of food composition tables (FCTs)." | ( Daily dietary intakes of zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium as determined by duplicate portion sampling combined with either instrumental analysis or the use of food composition tables, Shiraz, Iran. Abdollahzadeh, SM; Babajafari, S; Mazloomi, SM; Rahmdel, S, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "To assess the occupational dose reduction effect of a new interventional cardiology shield for radial access combined with a scatter reducing drape." | ( Assessment of clinical occupational dose reduction effect of a new interventional cardiology shield for radial access combined with a scatter reducing drape. Casserly, I; Doyle, B; Eder, H; Foley, D; Fox, E; Gilligan, P; Lynch, J; Maguire, S; McCann, H, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "A low toxic solvent-based vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction (LT-VSLLME) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for the extraction and determination of lead (Pb) in water samples." | ( Determination of Lead in Water Samples Using a New Vortex-Assisted, Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. He, Q; Lu, Y; Mao, Y; Mmereki, D; Pan, W; Peng, G; Su, X; Tang, X; Zhou, G, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The first two groups were administered with distilled water and soya oil (1 ml/kg) respectively." | ( Taurine ameliorated thyroid function in rats co-administered with chlorpyrifos and lead. Akande, MG; Shittu, M; Uchendu, C; Yaqub, LS, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "This explorative study was aimed to assess the efficiency of lime alone and in combined with additives to immobilize Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in soil and reduce their phytoavailability for plant." | ( Potential use of lime combined with additives on (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of heavy metals from Pb/Zn smelter contaminated soils. Ali Sial, T; Guo, Z; Huang, H; Hussain Lahori, A; Kumar Awasthi, M; Kumbhar, F; Li, R; Mahar, A; Shen, F; Wang, P; Zhang, Z; Zhao, J, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Multivariate stable isotope analysis combined with chemometrics was used to investigate and discriminate rice samples from six rice producing provinces in China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guizhou) and four other Asian rice producing countries (Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, and Pakistan)." | ( Tracing the geographical origin of rice by stable isotopic analyses combined with chemometrics. Chen, A; Chen, T; Wang, J; Yang, S; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The objective of this study is to determine the effects of water management including flooding (FL), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and dry farming (DF) combined with addition of phosphate (P) on the accumulation of Pb and As in rice." | ( Water management of alternate wetting and drying combined with phosphate application reduced lead and arsenic accumulation in rice. Gao, Y; Mou, X; Shi, J; Sun, J; Tong, J; Wu, H; Wu, Q, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In this study, the appropriate washing conditions for N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) combined with ascorbic acid were determined to remove As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site." | ( Cleanup of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soil from a smelting site using N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid combined with ascorbic acid: A lab-scale experiment. Guo, Z; He, Y; Hu, Y; Li, Z; Peng, C; Wang, X; Xiao, X; Yan, D; Yang, A, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " For more preconcentration, the developed procedure was combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure." | ( Development of a pH-induced dispersive solid-phase extraction method using folic acid combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: application in the extraction of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from water and fruit juice samples. Farajzadeh, MA; Parvizzad, K; Sorouraddin, SM, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In this study, the binding properties of Pb(II) and Zn(II) with DOM derived from feces-based biochar produced at low pyrolysis temperatures were investigated using EEM-PARAFAC combined with general, and moving-window two-dimensional correlation analyses (2D-COS)." | ( Binding characteristics of Pb and Zn to low-temperature feces-based biochar-derived DOM revealed by EEM-PARAFAC combined with general and moving-window two-dimensional correlation analyses. He, C; He, X; Jiang, J; Li, N; Yuan, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " J023 combined with corn stover biochar to enhance the immobilization of Pb(II)." | ( Synergistic remediation of lead pollution by biochar combined with phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Ding, C; Jiang, Y; Liu, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, Y; Zhu, C, 2023) | 0.91 |
hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)OH] can reduce the bioavailability of Pb efficiently. It is considered as an ideal phosphate source for formation of lead pyromorphite.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that cigarette smoking decreases the bioavailability of phenacetin and increases dosage requirements of theophylline by enhancing their rate of metabolism." | ( Research review. Interactions between environmental chemicals and drug biotransformation in man. Alvares, AP, ) | 0.13 |
| "The bioavailability of lead was studied in rats fed various baby foods (Babymix-turkey, Babymix-vegetables, Frutolino-fruit, Frutamix-bananas, Babyron-S-26, Truefood), cow's milk, bread, liver and standard rat diet." | ( Bioavailability of lead in rats fed "human" diets. Kello, D; Kostial, K, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " When perfused at 40 mM concentration, the experimental animals had a mean absorption rate of 152." | ( Alterations of intestinal and renal functions in rats after intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate. Lifshitz, F; Moak, SA; Teichberg, S; Wapnir, RA, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Based on the lead concentrations found in selected tissues, our results indicate that the bioavailability of phospholipid-bound lead is similar to that of lead acetate at the 300 ppm level." | ( Comparative effects of feeding lead acetate and phospholipid-bound lead on blood and tissue lead concentrations in young and adult rats. Alvarez, GH; Ku, Y; Mahaffey, KR, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " The bioavailability of different lead compounds is reviewed as well as factors affecting susceptibility to lead." | ( Quantities of lead producing health effects in humans: sources and bioavailability. Mahaffey, KR, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " Inorganic forms of cadmium, mercury, and lead are poorly absorbed from the intestine." | ( Metabolism and toxicity of cadmium, mercury, and lead in animals: a review. Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " After comparison with literature data it was concluded that the bioavailability of Cd in laboratory tests is often higher than the bioavailability in the field at the same total concentrations." | ( A comparison of test systems for assessing effects of metals on isopod ecological functions. Krijgsman, M; Postma, JF; Van Wensem, J; Van Westrienen, RW; Wezenbeek, JM, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Relative percentage bioavailability values, based on lead acetate as the standard, were independent of the two different test soils, dose levels, and sex and were only slightly dependent on the tissue (blood > bone, liver)." | ( Relative bioavailability of lead from mining waste soil in rats. Bergstrom, PD; Chaney, RL; Davis, AO; Feder, PI; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Killinger, JM; Liao, SC; Lovre, SC; Ruby, MV, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Recent studies from this laboratory have identified several distinct high-affinity lead-binding proteins (PbBP) from rat kidney and brain that appear to play critical roles in the intracellular bioavailability of lead to several essential cellular processes in these target tissues at low dose levels." | ( Effects of lead on the kidney: roles of high-affinity lead-binding proteins. DuVal, G; Fowler, BA, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Lead acetate was the most poorly absorbed with the exception of lead oxide which demonstrated no absorption." | ( Percutaneous in vivo and in vitro absorption of lead. Bidanset, JH; Bress, WC, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "pH and calcium are important as factors determining heavy metal bioavailability to soil organisms." | ( Effect of pH and calcium on lead and cadmium uptake by earthworms in water. Kiewiet, AT; Ma, WC, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Possible reasons for a reduced impact of lead sulfide on blood lead in children in mining communities include the following: lead from mining sources contributes less to lead in the immediate environment of children than lead from other sources; mine wastes typically are of larger particle size, which decreases the bioavailability of lead in the gastrointestinal tract; and lead sulfide is absorbed less in the gastrointestinal tract compared to other lead species." | ( Assessing the contribution from lead in mining wastes to blood lead. Beck, BD; Murphy, BL; Steele, MJ; Strauss, HS, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Milk increases the bioavailability of Hg++." | ( [The toxicological estimation of the heavy metal content (Cd, Hg, Pb) in food for infants and small children]. Schümann, K, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The beneficial effects of methionine may be attributed to its ability to increase the bioavailability of glutathione (GSH), useful in chelating Pb and counter-acting the toxic effects, as evidenced by restoration of the Pb-induced decrease in hepatic GSH level by treatment with methionine." | ( Influence of methionine supplementation in chelation of lead in rats. Kachru, DN; Khandelwal, S; Tandon, SK, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The bioavailability of lead to organisms is a function of the primary and secondary speciation of lead." | ( Factors controlling biological availability and toxic effects of lead in aquatic organisms. Prosi, F, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Ascorbic acid has a marked effect on the bioavailability of dietary iron and is also known to directly influence various metabolic processes in the brain." | ( Search for nutritional confounding factors in the relationship between iron deficiency and brain function. Hallberg, L, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "The aim of this report is to point out the relative toxicity of different commercial products containing lead silicates by studying their in vitro solubility and rate of absorption via the respiratory and digestive systems, compared with those of red lead (lead tetroxide)." | ( Lead silicate toxicity: a comparison among different compounds. Gori, R; Loi, F; Sartorelli, E, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " This is in accordance with the depressive effect of Pb and Zn on the bioavailability of this metal." | ( Indicators of lead, zinc and cadmium exposure in cattle: II. Controlled feeding and recovery. Charles, E; Clauw, M; Joseph-Enriquez, B; Mehennaoui, S; Milhaud, GE, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "The bioavailability of lead in kidney is mediated in part by binding to endogenous high-affinity cytosolic lead-binding proteins (PbBP), which are not detectable in liver." | ( Mechanism of renal lead-binding protein reversal of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition by lead. Fowler, BA; Goering, PL, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "The bioavailability of Pb in kidney is mediated in part by binding to high affinity cytosolic Pb-binding proteins (PbBP) of 11,500 (11." | ( Regulation of lead inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by a low molecular weight, high affinity renal lead-binding protein. Fowler, BA; Goering, PL, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Although intraluminal factors influence the bioavailability of metals, the major control level of absorption probably resides in the intestinal mucosal cell." | ( The bioavailability of iron, lead and cadmium via gastrointestinal absorption: a review. Ragan, HA, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " These findings suggest that lead chromate in an alkyd resin paint matrix is poorly absorbed from the lung compared with lead acetate and lead tetraoxide." | ( Biological availability of lead in a paint aerosol. 2. Absorption, distribution and excretion of intratracheally instilled lead paint particles in the rat. Eaton, DL; Garvey, D; Kalman, D; Morgan, M; Omenn, GS, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The determination of the rate of absorption is described in terms of a mathematical three-compartment system and effects of particle size are considered by reference to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution rate law." | ( Theoretical model of gastrointestinal absorption of lead. Healy, MA, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " This suggests that lead is less well absorbed from hard water than from soft water." | ( Hardness of domestic water and blood lead levels. Elwood, PC; Lowe, N; Phillips, JK; Phillips, KM; Toothill, C, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Bioavailability of lead, as shown by tissue lead concentrations, is not always an adequate predictor of lead toxicity." | ( Biotoxicity of lead: influence of various factors. Mahaffey, KR, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "An overview of pathways for bioavailability of cadmium and lead from diet to mother to fetus during pregnancy and to neonate during lactation is presented." | ( Bioavailability of orally administered cadmium and lead to the mother, fetus, and neonate during pregnancy and lactation: an overview. Bhattacharyya, MH, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In rachitic chicks, the rate of absorption of 203Pb was greater in the distal than in the proximal segments of the intestine; after cholecalciferol repletion, the degree of absorption in al segments was similar, indicting the order of cholecalciferol effectiveness as duodenum greater than or equal to jejunum greater than ileum." | ( Effect of vitamin D on the intestinal absorption of 203Pb and 47Ca in chicks. Mykkänen, HM; Wasserman, RH, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " A comparison of the present findings with published data indicated that the concentration of soil Ca and the bioavailability of heavy metals, both factors being allied to soil pH, are important exogenous determinants of heavy metal accumulation by different earthworm populations." | ( The accumulation and intracellular compartmentation of cadmium, lead, zinc and calcium in two earthworm species (Dendrobaena rubida and Lumbricus rubellus) living in highly contaminated soil. Morgan, AJ; Morris, B, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "The bioavailability of lead from various milk diets was studied in 14 day old suckling rats." | ( Bioavailability of lead from various milk diets studied in a suckling rat model. Hallén, IP; Oskarsson, A, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Consequently, the hazard of lead in soils appears to be site-specific and influenced by bioavailability; the bioavailability of galena tailings to humans is low." | ( Blood lead surveys of communities in proximity to lead-containing mill tailings. Danse, IH; Garb, LG; Moore, RH, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "The possible risk for human health arising from consumption of lead-polluted shellfish was suggested by experiments on the bioavailability for mice of a "biologically detoxified" form of the metal." | ( Bioavailability of biologically detoxified lead: risks arising from consumption of polluted mussels. Orlando, E; Regoli, F, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " It is concluded that animals are more at risk than their owners of having a high BLC when exposed to the same contaminated environment and can be used to monitor the bioavailability of lead." | ( Relationship between soil lead, dust lead, and blood lead concentrations in pets and their owners: evaluation of soil lead threshold values. Berny, PJ; Buck, WB; Côté, LM, 1994) | 0.29 |
| ", innercity areas of the United States and smelter communities, have been attributed to lower bioavailability of lead to children in the mining areas." | ( Lead bioavailability in the environment of children: blood lead levels in children can be elevated in a mining community. Davis, JJ; Gulson, BL; Howarth, D; Korsch, MJ; Law, AJ; Mizon, KJ, ) | 0.13 |
| "The primary purpose of this study was to generate data that could be used to determine the absolute bioavailability of lead using data from a previous study in which soil containing lead from mining waste was mixed with feed." | ( Absolute bioavailability of lead acetate and mining waste lead in rats. Bergstrom, PD; Chaney, RL; Davis, AO; Feder, PI; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Liao, SC; Ruby, MV; Schoof, RA, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " On the other hand, rat pups had higher lead levels in tissues than mice pups, which might be due to a higher bioavailability and/or a lower excretion of lead in rat pups." | ( Dose dependent transfer of 203lead to milk and tissue uptake in suckling offspring studied in rats and mice. Hallén, IP; Oskarsson, A, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "An animal model using rats was developed to initiate investigations on the bioavailability of different sources of environmental lead." | ( Comparison of lead bioavailability in F344 rats fed lead acetate, lead oxide, lead sulfide, or lead ore concentrate from Skagway, Alaska. Dieter, MP; Jeffcoat, RA; Matthews, HB; Moseman, RF, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "This study was performed to evaluate the bioavailability and effects of lead in wildlife at a trap and skeet range." | ( The uptake and effects of lead in small mammals and frogs at a trap and skeet range. Roscoe, DE; Stansley, W, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "A 44-day dosed feed study was performed to compare the bioavailability of lead from contaminated soil versus two lead salts and the effect of soil on gastrointestinal absorption of ingested lead." | ( Comparative absorption of lead from contaminated soil and lead salts by weanling Fischer 344 rats. Dill, JA; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Kurtz, PJ; Matthews, HB; Parham, F, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " We sought to determine the bioavailability of crystal-derived lead, using the technique of stable isotope dilution in blood." | ( A human in vivo model for the determination of lead bioavailability using stable isotope dilution. Blum, CB; Graziano, JH; Lolacono, NJ; Manton, WI; Moore, MR; Pond, S; Slavkovich, V, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "A method of bioavailability estimation is presented in which a physiologically based kinetic model of lead kinetics is fit simultaneously to blood and bone lead concentrations after a period of exposure to dietary lead." | ( Evaluating lead bioavailability data by means of a physiologically based lead kinetic model. Bergstrom, PD; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Liao, SC; O'Flaherty, EJ; Polák, J, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "In order to clarify the bioavailability of lead in plasma (PbP), we performed a study on five workers in a Japanese factory manufacturing lead glass-based paints." | ( Correlation between lead in plasma and other indicators of lead exposure among lead-exposed workers. Hirata, M; Kosaka, H; Miyajima, K; Tabuchi, T; Yoshida, T, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In situ determined partitioning coefficients (apparent BCF, biota-sediment BSAF, and sediment-water distribution coefficient Kd) varied between locations and covaried with factors related to trace metal bioavailability (aqueous Ca, Cl- and DOC, sediment Org-C, clay, and CaCO3)." | ( Trace metals in populations of freshwater isopods: influence of biotic and abiotic variables. Govers, HA; van Hattum, B; van Straalen, NM, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " This study revealed Pb from soil containing 14,200 micrograms Pb/g of soil had a bioavailability relative to Pb from PbAc (RBA), ranging from 56% based on the area under the blood lead concentration-time curve (AUC) versus dose, to 86% based on calculations from liver-Pb loading versus dose." | ( Bioavailability of lead to juvenile swine dosed with soil from the Smuggler Mountain NPL Site of Aspen, Colorado. Becker, SV; Brattin, WJ; Casteel, SW; Cowart, RP; Drexler, JW; Guzman, RE; Henningsen, GM; Hoffman, E; Payne, JT; Starost, MF; Stockham, SL; Turk, JR; Weis, CP, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " This process of oxalate formation represents a reduction in bioavailability of toxic cations, and could represent an important means of toxic metal immobilisation of physiological and environmental significance." | ( Solubilisation of some naturally occurring metal-bearing minerals, limescale and lead phosphate by Aspergillus niger. Gadd, GM; Kierans, M; Sayer, JA, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Similarly the bioavailability of different minerals and trace elements is considerably reduced by phytate complexes." | ( Nutritional significance of phytic acid and phytase. Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Sequential extraction of soil indicates the substantial influence of soil pH and type of ameliorant on the chemical form and bioavailability of the metals." | ( Influence of zeolite, apatite and Fe-oxide on Cd and Pb uptake by crops. Adriano, DC; Chlopecka, A, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "This study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of dietary microbial phytase on the bioavailability of zinc and the accumulation of cadmium and lead in growing rats." | ( Effect of microbial phytase on zinc bioavailability and cadmium and lead accumulation in growing rats. Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G; Walter, A, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " If lead bioavailability is related to its solubility as determined through sequential extraction, the health hazards associated with lead exposure may be appreciably enhanced in the blast and dross furnace processes." | ( Chemical speciation of lead dust associated with primary lead smelting. Spear, TM; Stanisich, N; Svee, W; Vincent, JH, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Additional problems that occur if predicting PbB from environmental lead by biokinetic modeling include a) uncertainty regarding the fractional lead absorption by young children; b) questions of bioavailability of specific environmental sources of lead; and c) variability in fractional absorption values over a range of exposures." | ( Predicting blood lead concentrations from lead in environmental media. Mahaffey, KR, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Lessened bioavailability of the lead at certain of these sites is a probable reason for this finding." | ( An empirical comparison of lead exposure pathway models. Bornschein, R; Brown, K; Succop, P; Tseng, CY, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The intracellular bioavailability of lead (Pb) at low dosage levels in major target organs such as the kidney and brain appears to be largely determined by complexation with a group of low molecular weight proteins." | ( Roles of lead-binding proteins in mediating lead bioavailability. Fowler, BA, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Using stable isotope dilution, we determined the bioavailability of soilborne lead (Pb) in human adult volunteers." | ( Bioavailability of soilborne lead in adults, by stable isotope dilution. Blum, C; Drexler, J; Graziano, J; Lolacono, N; Maddaloni, M; Manton, W, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The impact of Cd and Pb on fish from high altitude and high latitude lakes is reviewed and biotic and abiotic factors controlling bioavailability and toxicity of metals to fish are summarized." | ( Origin of cadmium and lead in clear softwater lakes of high-altitude and high-latitude, and their bioavailability and toxicity to fish. Hofer, R; Köck, G, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Because consumption of lead-contaminated sediment has been suspected as the cause of waterfowl mortality in the Coeur d'Alene River basin in Idaho, we studied the bioavailability and toxicity of this sediment to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)." | ( Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards. Audet, DJ; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ; LeCaptain, LJ; Sileo, L, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "An in vitro gut model was used to investigate the bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, and lead in the Mexican (maize) tortilla." | ( Studies on bioavailability of some bulk and trace elements in Mexican tortilla using an in vitro model. Rodríguez Almanza, ML; Valtierra Márquez, GR; Wróbel, K, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " It has been suggested that the low solubility of this mineral could reduce the bioavailability of lead, and several studies have advocated pyromorphite formation as a remediation technique for lead-contaminated land [3] [5] [6], if necessary using addition of phosphate [6]." | ( Lead mineral transformation by fungi. Cotter-Howells, JD; Gadd, GM; Hillier, S; Sayer, JA; Watson, C, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The chemical analysis of intestinal digesta from hunter-killed carcasses or of wildlife scat is a promising means of estimating the exposure of wildlife to those environmental contaminants that, like lead, are poorly absorbed in the digestive tract." | ( Metal and sediment ingestion by dabbling ducks. Beyer, WN; Day, D; Spann, J, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The examination results revealed that lead accumulations on the gills increased with increased particulate lead concentrations in the ambient water (under conditions of a constant level of free lead), indicating the bioavailability of lead via the gills." | ( Uptake of particulate lead via the gills of fish (Carassius auratus). Cao, J; Dawson, R; Li, B; Liu, C; Tao, S, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn was assessed in different harbours of the Atlantic coast (France)." | ( Concentration and mobilization of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by meiofauna populations living in harbour sediment: their role in the heavy metal flux from sediment to food web. Boucher, G; Fichet, D; Miramand, P; Radenac, G, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Assay of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc bioaccumulated in the tissues of the sentinel snails provides information on the bioavailability of metals in the environment." | ( Growing snails used as sentinels to evaluate terrestrial environment contamination by trace elements. Gomot de Vaufleury, A; Pihan, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " We examined the in vivo bioavailability of Pb complexed with dRG-II and the effect of unleaded dRG-II on the intestinal absorption and tissue retention of Pb in rats." | ( The rhamnogalacturonan-II dimer decreases intestinal absorption and tissue accumulation of lead in rats. Coudray, C; Doco, T; Pellerin, P; Pépin, D; Rayssiguier, Y; Tahiri, M; Tressol, JC, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Furthermore, calcium-phytate-zinc interactions may adversely affect zinc bioavailability in growing rats." | ( Effect of calcium supplements to a maize-soya diet on the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements and the accumulation of heavy metals in growing rats. Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G; Walter, A, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The speciation of Pb and Cu in white and red table wines was investigated, in order to estimate their respective bioavailability to man." | ( Assessment of the Pb and Cu in vitro availability in wines by means of speciation procedures. Azenha, MA; Vasconcelos, MT, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "1 M Ca(NO3)2) soil extractions and ion-exchange membranes coated with a metal chelator as measures of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability in spiked artificial soil by comparing their metal availability estimates to acute lethal toxicity in the earthworm Eisenia fetida." | ( Evaluation of surrogate measures of cadmium, lead, and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida. Conder, JM; Lanno, RP, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The oral bioavailability of soil contaminants is measured using in vitro or in vivo techniques." | ( Oral bioavailability of lead and arsenic from a NIST standard reference soil material. Buckley, BT; Ellickson, KM; Gallo, MA; Lioy, PJ; Meeker, RJ, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Microbial adaptation to the presence of high concentrations of soil heavy metals and reduced bioavailability of metals is the likely explanation for this phenomenon." | ( Microbial cellulose decomposition in soils from a rifle range contaminated with heavy metals. Chew, I; Obbard, JP; Stanforth, RR, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The PC production in algae of the genus Stigeoclonium exposed to the heavy metal mixture is discussed in the context of various metal bioavailability and the algal adaptation to complex aquatic environment." | ( Phytochelatin production in freshwater algae Stigeoclonium in response to heavy metals contained in mining water; effects of some environmental factors. Pawlik-Skowrońska, B, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Reductions in Pb bioavailability as measured by PBET were evident 3 d after treatment, and it may indicate that the reactions between soil Pb and P occurred in situ or during the PBET." | ( In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus. Hettiarachchi, GM; Pierzynski, GM; Ransom, MD, ) | 0.13 |
| " We investigated the effectiveness of lime-stabilized biosolid (LSB), N-Viro Soil (NV), rock phosphate (RP), and anaerobic biosolid (AB) to reduce extractability and plant and gastrointestinal (GI) bioavailability in three Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soils from smelter sites." | ( Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. Basta, NT; Gradwohl, R; Schroder, JL; Snethen, KL, ) | 0.13 |
| "Determining the bioavailability of toxic metals (Pb, As, and Cd) in a diverse range of soils, allows scientifically derived data to dictate site-specific remedies to reduce the risk for sensitive human populations." | ( Refining the risk assessment of metal-contaminated soils. Basta, N; Casteel, S; Evans, T; Henningsen, G; Hoffman, E; Turk, J; Weis, C, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Research shows that hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)OH] can reduce the bioavailability of Pb efficiently and thus is considered as an ideal phosphate source for formation of lead pyromorphite." | ( Mathematical model development and simulation of in situ stabilization in lead-contaminated soils. Erickson, LE; Shi, Z, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " australis may reduce metal bioavailability by sequestering a greater proportion of its metal burden in belowground tissues which are likely to be permanently buried." | ( Lead uptake, distribution, and effects in two dominant salt marsh macrophytes, Spartina alterniflora (cordgrass) and Phragmites australis (common reed). Weis, P; Weist, JS; Windhamt, L, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The ratio of Pb/Al in the gills was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the water, and on the microtome section of filament, the gibbsite particles adhered on gill mucus were observed, indicating the bioavailability of the particulate Pb uptake by the gills of goldfish." | ( [Uptake of particulate lead via gills of goldfish]. Cao, J; Lam, KC; Li, B; Liu, C; Tao, S, 2000) | 0.31 |
| ") Koch] were carried out to evaluate the effects of plant growth on soil Pb bioavailability to humans after addition of P and other amendments, and the effects of these treatments on Pb, Cd, and Zn phytoavailability in three metal-contaminated soils." | ( In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus and manganese oxide: influence of plant growth. Hettiarachchi, GM; Pierzynski, GM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Accumulation relationships for Pb were not maintained temporally, and high sediment Pb, low pH and organic content increased bioavailability and accumulation of Pb." | ( Leaf biochemical parameters in Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh as potential biomarkers of heavy metal stress in estuarine ecosystems. MacFarlane, GR, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " These Pb and Cd fractionation results reflect the effect of contamination time on the heavy metal lability and bioavailability in the subsurface environment." | ( Contamination time effect on lead and cadmium fractionation in a tropical coastal clay. Lim, TT; Tay, JH; Teh, CI, ) | 0.13 |
| " Meanwhile, the influence of metal speciation in rhizosphere on its bioavailability as well as the mechanism of mycorrhizal plant in toleranting excess metals were also discussed." | ( [Uptake and distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in maize related to metals speciation change in rhizosphere]. Chen, Y; Huang, Y; Tao, S, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " In risk assessment of soil contaminants there is a need for information on oral bioavailability of soilborne lead." | ( In vitro intestinal lead uptake and transport in relation to speciation. Groten, JP; Oomen, AG; Sips, AJ; Tolls, J, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " In general, however, food contaminations with metals are too low to have an impact on the bioavailability of essential metals." | ( The impact of food contaminants on the bioavailability of trace metals. Elsenhans, B; Schümann, K, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "The effect of bone meal (Ca5(PO4)3OH) amendments on lead (Pb) bioavailability to Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) was investigated." | ( Changes in toxicity and bioavailability of lead in contaminated soils to the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) after bone meal amendments to the soil. Black, S; Davies, NA; Hodson, ME, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " As the equilibration time of artificially amended Pb-bearing soils increases the bioavailability of Pb decreases." | ( The influence of time on lead toxicity and bioaccumulation determined by the OECD earthworm toxicity test. Black, S; Davies, NA; Hodson, ME, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Soil amendments can be used to cost-effectively reduce the bioavailability and mobility of toxic metals in contaminated soils." | ( Impacts of phosphate amendments on lead biogeochemistry at a contaminated site. Cao, X; Chen, M; Harris, WG; Ma, LQ; Singh, SP, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Our research examined the in vitro formation of pyromorphite (K(sp) = 10(-25)) to significantly reduce Pb bioavailability via the reaction of PbCl(2) and Pb paint with cola soft drinks (regular, caffeine-free, and diet) that contain phosphoric acid." | ( In vitro formation of pyromorphite via reaction of Pb sources with soft-drink phosphoric acid. Ryan, JA; Scheckel, KG, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Therefore, the present study provides a simple but efficient field tool to evaluate MTE bioavailability and transfer." | ( A field method using microcosms to evaluate transfer of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from sewage sludge amended forest soils to Helix aspersa snails. Badot, PM; Ben Brahim, M; Carnus, JM; Gomot-de Vaufleury, A; Scheifler, R, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Reductions in Pb bioavailability were evaluated with both in vivo and in vitro procedures." | ( Effect of biosolids processing on lead bioavailability in an urban soil. Brown, S; Chaney, RL; Hallfrisch, JG; Xue, Q, ) | 0.13 |
| " The Trail experience suggests that increased attention should be paid to the importance of active sources of highly bioavailable and mobile lead bearing dusts." | ( Effect of smelter emission reductions on children's blood lead levels. Hilts, SR, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Application of the site-specific model, using the soil and dust partitions suggested in the pathways model and an effective bioavailability of 18%, accurately predicts mean blood lead levels and percent of children to exceed 10 microg/dl throughout the 11-year cleanup period." | ( Assessing remedial effectiveness through the blood lead:soil/dust lead relationship at the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in the Silver Valley of Idaho. Petroysan, V; Spalinger, S; von Braun, M; von Lindern, I, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Assuming that the mobility and bioavailability are related to the solubility of geochemical forms of the metals and decrease in order of extraction, the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability for these highly contaminated street dust samples is: Cd>Zn approximately equal Pb>Ni>Cu>Cr." | ( Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi, India. Banerjee, AD, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "To better understand the relationship between lead speciation and bioavailability in natural freshwaters, the interaction of lead with the freshwater alga Chlorella kesslerii was studied in the presence of the Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA)." | ( Role of fulvic acid on lead bioaccumulation by Chlorella kesslerii. Ceresa, A; Pretsch, E; Slaveykova, VI; Wilkinson, KJ, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " In fact, lead bioavailability assessed by intestinal perfusion was unchanged in the presence of dissolved HA, whereas it was significantly lower in the presence of solid HA, evaluated by gastric intubation, at a weight ratio equal to 10 (amount of lead absorbed decreased by 60%)." | ( In vitro and in vivo studies of lead immobilization by synthetic hydroxyapatite. Arnich, N; Burnel, D; Lanhers, MC; Laurensot, F; Montiel, A; Podor, R, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The difference in bioavailability of contaminants ingested in a soil matrix is not taken into account." | ( Development of an in vitro digestion model for estimating the bioaccessibility of soil contaminants. Bruil, MA; Dobbe, CJ; Oomen, AG; Pereboom, DP; Rompelberg, CJ; Sips, AJ, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The considerable presence of Zn in the soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound fraction (23%) suggests this element has high potential bioavailability and leachability through the soil." | ( Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils of Naples city (Italy). Adamo, P; Arienzo, M; Imperato, M; Naimo, D; Stanzione, D; Violante, P, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Concentrations and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in cocoa powders and related products (beans, liquor, butter) of different geographical origins." | ( Concentrations and bioavailability of cadmium and lead in cocoa powder and related products. Andrey, D; Blake, C; Lobinski, R; Mounicou, S; Szpunar, J, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Intensive dredging activity occurred during the monitoring period, and this may have led to the resuspension and increased bioavailability of particulate metals." | ( In situ microcosms to study the impact of heavy metals resuspended by dredging on periphyton in a tropical estuary. Chou, LM; Goh, BP; Nayar, S; Reddy, S, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The implication of the complexation shown by these soluble compounds in the bioavailability of heavy metals is discussed." | ( Toxic effects caused by heavy metals in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a comparative study. Hebbelinck, K; Soares, EV; Soares, HM, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Relative bioavailability of Pb, as measured in all tissues, was significantly reduced when comparing untreated with amended soil." | ( Treatment of contaminated soil with phosphorus and manganese oxide reduces lead absorption by Sprague-Dawley rats. Hettiarachchi, GM; Oehme, FW; Pierzynski, GM; Ryan, JA; Sonmez, O, ) | 0.13 |
| " The shift in EC50s was not a direct result of toxicity of the nitrate ion but was an indirect effect of the salinity increasing metal concentrations in soil solution and increasing its bioavailability for a given total metal concentration." | ( Determining toxicity of lead and zinc runoff in soils: salinity effects on metal partitioning and on phytotoxicity. Heinrich, T; McLaughlin, MJ; Stevens, DP, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Bioaccumulation by Hyalella demonstrated elevated bioavailability of Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Tl, but only Cd was accumulated to levels close to the toxic threshold." | ( Assessing the cause of impacts on benthic organisms near Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. Borgmann, U; Dixon, DG; Grapentine, LC; Nowierski, M, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Two recombinant bacterial sensors, one responding specifically to cadmium and the other to lead and cadmium by increase of luminescence (firefly luciferase was used as a reporter) were used to determine the bioavailability of these metals in soil-water suspensions (a contact assay) and respective particle-free extracts." | ( Recombinant luminescent bacterial sensors for the measurement of bioavailability of cadmium and lead in soils polluted by metal smelters. Douay, F; Dubourguier, HC; François, M; Ivask, A; Kahru, A; Virta, M, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "The aims of this study are to estimate exposure of waterfowl to elements in contaminated sediments in the Chesapeake Bay and to consider the potential role of Mn in influencing bioavailability and exposure." | ( Role of manganese oxides in the exposure of mute swans (Cygnus olor) to Pb and other elements in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Beyer, WN; Day, D, 2004) | 0.32 |
| ", pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3-(X), where X=OH, F or Cl] are comparatively insoluble, and their formation in Pb-contaminated soil may be a means of reducing the bioavailability and chemical lability of Pb in soil." | ( Effects of soil amendments on lead uptake by two vegetable crops from a lead-contaminated soil from Anhui, China. Chen, SB; Yang, JC; Zhu, YG, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Changes in Pb bioavailability were measured with an in vitro test and a feeding study with weanling rats." | ( In situ soil treatments to reduce the phyto- and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium. Berti, WR; Brown, S; Chaney, R; Hallfrisch, J; Ryan, JA, ) | 0.13 |
| "In order to predict metal bioavailability by microorganisms in natural waters, analytical speciation techniques such as the permeation liquid membrane (PLM) are required." | ( Permeation liquid membrane as a tool for monitoring bioavailable Pb in natural waters. Buffle, J; Parthasarathy, N; Slaveykova, VI; Wilkinson, KJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " We conducted a study to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to sediments would reduce the bioavailability of lead to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)." | ( Phosphorus amendment reduces bioavailability of lead to mallards ingesting contaminated sediments. Audet, DJ; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " In the paired soil and crop surveys, there were no significant correlations between grain Pb concentrations with total soil Pb and other soil properties, indicating low bioavailability of Pb in the soils and limited uptake and transport of Pb to grain." | ( Factors affecting the concentrations of lead in British wheat and barley grain. Adams, ML; Chambers, BJ; Chaudri, AM; Dumont, C; McGrath, SP; Nicholson, FA; Sinclair, AH; Zhao, FJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Levels in bone, blood, and feces suggest the bioavailability of lead at these various sites, although other factors (e." | ( Lead accumulation in woodchucks (Marmota monax) at small arms and skeet ranges. Casteel, SW; Johnson, MS; Major, MA, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Intensive dredging activity during the monitoring period may have led to the resuspension and bioavailability of particulate metals." | ( Environmental impact of heavy metals from dredged and resuspended sediments on phytoplankton and bacteria assessed in in situ mesocosms. Chou, LM; Goh, BP; Nayar, S, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "By using Pb-fractionation analytical methods and Pb-acetochlor response experiments, it was studied the Pb forms in clean and polluted phaiozems of northeast China and the response of Pb bioavailability to acetochlor application." | ( [Influence of acetochlor on Pb forms and their bioavailability in phaiozem of northeast China]. Guo, G; Sun, F; Sun, T; Zhou, Q, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " In contrast, the bioavailability of Pb in tilled soils was significantly lower as the MF accounted for up to 30%." | ( Contrasting lead speciation in forest and tilled soils heavily polluted by lead metallurgy. Bezdicka, P; Ettler, V; Mihaljevic, M; Vanek, A, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The distribution of Pb in the sequential extraction procedure showed that the Pb level in the exchangeable+carbonate-bound fraction with CCA was significantly lower than that with solid EDTA or EDTA solution, further indicating that slow release of CCA improves the bioavailability of metals in the soil to match plant uptake of those metals." | ( Slow release chelate enhancement of lead phytoextraction by corn (Zea mays L.) from contaminated soil--a preliminary study. Christie, P; Cui, Y; Dong, Y; Li, H; Wang, Q, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The observation of high BAFs for As in fish from Alaska and low BAFs for the California fish, but reversed for Cd, Hg, and Pb in this study, implies that differences in fish species are less important than the unique geochemical features at each site that control bioavailability and bioaccumulation and the potential sources for each element." | ( A comparison of the non-essential elements cadmium, mercury, and lead found in fish and sediment from Alaska and California. Ernest, DW; Kagley, AN; Meador, JP, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " High Fe and P biosolids composts can reduce the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of soil Pb and can aid in establishing vegetation that would reduce soil transfer into homes." | ( Biosolids compost amendment for reducing soil lead hazards: a pilot study of Orgro amendment and grass seeding in urban yards. Ashley, PJ; Chaney, RL; Farfel, MR; Lees, PS; Orlova, AO; Rohde, C, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Soils under older tea gardens tended to have a lower pH and a higher Pb bioavailability which was defined as the amount of lead extracted by CaCl2 solution than those under younger tea gardens." | ( Lead contamination in tea garden soils and factors affecting its bioavailability. He, YF; Jin, CW; Zheng, SJ; Zhou, GD; Zhou, ZX, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Four phosphorus forms were investigated as potential soil amendments to decrease the bioavailability of Pb and Zn in two repository soils to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida." | ( Lead and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida after phosphorus amendment to repository soils. Galvan, KA; Lydy, MJ; Ownby, DR, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The release of organic ligands that decreases the bioavailability of Pb(II) was clearly detected 1 week after contamination." | ( Influence of the sediment on lead speciation in the Tagus estuary. Cruz, P; Gonçalves, ML; Mota, AM; Vilhena, C, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Lead fractionation and bioavailability were assessed 6-months after soil treatment." | ( Heap leaching of lead contaminated soil using biodegradable chelator [S,S]-ethylenediamine disuccinate. Finzgar, N; Kos, B; Lestan, D, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Worms exposed to Pb(CO(3))(2) had non-linear Pb accumulation over time that suggested a decrease in Pb bioavailability with increasing exposure time." | ( Lead bioaccumulation in earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, from exposure to lead compounds of differing solubility. Darling, CT; Thomas, VG, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "The effects of bone char (BC) application on the bioavailability of Pb in a polluted soil from Hunan Province, China were examined." | ( Effect of bone char application on Pb bioavailability in a Pb-contaminated soil. Chen, SB; Ma, YB; McKay, G; Zhu, YG, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Collectively, these results might be considered that EDTA elevates the bioavailability of Pb in soil and this native species is particularly suited to use in Pb phytoextraction." | ( EDTA-assisted phytoextraction of lead from lead-contaminated soils by Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea. Bae, B; Baek, KH; Chang, YY; Kim, HH; Lee, IS, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "The determination of chemical speciation and spatial distribution is a prerequisite for a mechanistic understanding of contaminant bioavailability and toxicity to an organism." | ( Evidence for biogenic pyromorphite formation by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Bertsch, PM; Jackson, BP; Lanzirotti, A; Williams, PL, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Artificial particles, specifically a diverse selection of chromatographical resins, have been recommended and used as a useful experimental model to predict the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment-bound organic chemicals." | ( Modeling lead bioavailability and bioaccumulation by Lumbriculus variegatus using artificial particles. Potential use in chemical remediation processes. Folco, S; Miño, LA; Pechén de D'Angelo, AM; Verrengia Guerrero, NR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " frequentans increased the flux, lability and mobility of trace metal species and therefore the likely metal bioavailability to plants." | ( Impact of microbial activity on copper, lead and nickel mobilization during the bioremediation of soil PAHs. Amezcua-Allieri, MA; Lead, JR; Rodríguez-Vázquez, R, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " A Pearson correlation matrix suggested that pH and mineralogical composition were important factors controlling metal bioavailability from materials in abandoned mining sites." | ( Lead, cadmium and arsenic bioavailability in the abandoned mine site of Cabezo Rajao (Murcia, SE Spain). Marimón, J; Martínez-Sánchez, MJ; Navarro, MC; Pérez-Sirvent, C; Vidal, J, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Twenty urban soil samples, with a wide range of Pb (14-5323 mg/kg) and Cu (8-12987 mg/kg), were used to compare the operational speciation of a five-step sequential leach with the bioavailability determined with bioluminescent Pb (RN4220(pTOO24)) and Cu (MC1061(pSLcueR/pDNPcopAluc)) specific bacterial biosensors and a Cu specific yeast sensor." | ( Lead and Cu in contaminated urban soils: extraction with chemical reagents and bioluminescent bacteria and yeast. Aström, M; Ivask, A; Peltola, P; Virta, M, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " It was observed that XRD was incapable of detecting pyromorphite, the hopeful endpoint of the immobilization strategy for reduced Pb bioavailability in our studies." | ( Determining speciation of Pb in phosphate-amended soils: method limitations. Allen, D; Lescano, NV; Ryan, JA; Scheckel, KG, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "The effect of soil ozonation on Pb and Zn extraction with EDTA, bioavailability (Ruby's Physiologically Based Extraction Test, PBET) and mobility (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP) of Pb was studied on contaminated soils taken from 7 different locations in the Mezica Valley, Slovenia." | ( Influence of ozonation on extractability of Pb and Zn from contaminated soils. Finzgar, N; Hanc, A; Lestan, D, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The biosensor was field-tested to measure the relative bioavailability of the heavy metals in contaminated sediments and soil samples." | ( Assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated sediments and soils using green fluorescent protein-based bacterial biosensors. Chien, MT; Liao, VH; Ou, KL; Tseng, YY, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Many chemical processes are involved in the transformation of trace elements in soils, but precipitation-dissolution, adsorption-desorption, and complexation are the most important processes controlling bioavailability and mobility of trace elements in soils." | ( Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment. He, ZL; Stoffella, PJ; Yang, XE, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " This rate might well be too high for these heavy metals with low mobility and bioavailability such as lead." | ( Evaluation of the effect of small organic acids on phytoextraction of Cu and Pb from soil with tobacco Nicotiana tabacum. Ebel, M; Evangelou, MW; Schaeffer, A, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " In current risk assessment, oral bioavailability from a specific product is considered to be equal to bioavailability found in toxicity studies in which contaminants are usually ingested via liquids or food matrices." | ( Consumer product in vitro digestion model: Bioaccessibility of contaminants and its application in risk assessment. Brandon, EF; Oomen, AG; Rompelberg, CJ; Sips, AJ; van Engelen, JG; Versantvoort, CH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " All the results indicated that the bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soil was reduced so that the potential stress of Pb was alleviated, and also showed that the soil microbial effects and the metabolic capacity of microbial community were improved." | ( Bioremediation of Pb-contaminated soil by incubating with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and straw. Feng, CL; Huang, DL; Huang, GH; Jiang, XY; Liu, HL; Yu, HY; Zeng, GM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The bioavailability of radionuclides (226Ra, 210Pb and 232Th), rare earth elements and Ba to the surrounding aquatic system was evaluated by the application of sequential leaching of the phosphogypsum samples from the Brazilian phosphoric acid producers." | ( Partitioning of radionuclides and trace elements in phosphogypsum and its source materials based on sequential extraction methods. Fávaro, DI; Mazzilli, BP; Santos, AJ; Silva, PS, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " This indicated a tissue redistribution of Pb due to its binding to metallothioneins for Pb detoxification and the potential of the CS as an indicator organ of Pb bioavailability and contamination." | ( Crystalline style and tissue redistribution in Perna viridis as indicators of Cu and Pb bioavailabilities and contamination in coastal waters. Cheng, WH; Ismail, A; Tan, SG; Yap, CK, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The objective of this study was to determine the probability density of the lead exposure dose of a 2-year-old child around an old mine site and to analyze its uncertainties, especially those associated with the bioavailability of lead in soil." | ( Analysis and reduction of the uncertainty of the assessment of children's lead exposure around an old mine. Glorennec, P, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) as related to adverse hematological effects and altered plasma chemistries." | ( Phosphorus amendment reduces hematological effects of lead in mallards ingesting contaminated sediments. Audet, DJ; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The second bioavailability assessment was the physiologically based extraction test, designed to evaluate heavy metal availability during ingestion." | ( Lead stabilization by phosphate amendments in soil impacted by paint residue. Banks, MK; Lewis, K; Schwab, AP, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " In vitro bioaccessibility has been developed as a method to estimate oral bioavailability of a toxicant using a physiologically-based extraction procedure." | ( The bioaccessibility of lead (Pb) from vacuumed house dust on carpets in urban residences. Lioy, PJ; Yiin, LM; Yu, CH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " All the results indicated that the bioavailability of Pb in compost was reduced and the potential harm of Pb in compost was alleviated by composting with the inocula of white-rot fungus." | ( Composting of lead-contaminated solid waste with inocula of white-rot fungus. Chen, Y; Feng, C; Hu, T; Huang, D; Huang, G; Jiang, X; Liu, H; Tang, L; Zeng, G, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Since the intracellular concentration of the metal and, consequently, its biological effects on REL cells, directly depends on the bioavailability of the Pb(II) cation present in the treatment solutions, our results indicate that, in the experimental procedures aimed to assess the toxic potency of this metal, the solubility of each Pb compound should be carefully evaluated and taken into account." | ( A comparative in vitro study of the toxic potency of five inorganic lead compounds on a rat liver epithelial cell line (REL). Aleo, MF; Apostoli, P; Bettoni, F; Boniotti, J; Giuliani, R; Mazzoleni, G; Morandini, F; Steimberg, N, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " An evaluation of the changes in Cu and Pb mobility and bioavailability in soil induced by the addition of coal fly ash and natural organic matter (peat) revealed that the amount of leached Cu decreased by 98." | ( Stabilization of Pb- and Cu-contaminated soil using coal fly ash and peat. Kumpiene, J; Lagerkvist, A; Maurice, C; Ore, S, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "Soil properties affect Pb bioavailability to human and ecological receptors and should be considered during ecological risk assessment of contaminated soil." | ( Evaluating the contribution of soil properties to modifying lead phytoavailability and phytotoxicity. Basta, NT; Bradham, KD; Dayton, EA; Lanno, RP; Payton, ME; Schroder, JL, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Soil properties are important factors modifying metal bioavailability to ecological receptors." | ( Effect of soil properties on lead bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms. Basta, NT; Bradham, KD; Dayton, EA; Lanno, RP; Payton, M; Schroder, J, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The results show the composting of lead-contaminated waste inoculated white-rot fungi could be successfully processed, which lead to the reduction of the bioavailability of Pb in compost and alleviate the potential harm from heavy metal." | ( [Application of white-rot fungi in composting lead-contaminated waste]. Chen, YN; Feng, CL; Hu, TJ; Huang, DL; Huang, GH; Jiang, XY; Zeng, GM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Results showed that bacteria inoculated, including Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus, may pose both positive and negative impacts on bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soil, depending on the chemical nature of the metals." | ( Influence of bacteria on Pb and Zn speciation, mobility and bioavailability in soil: A laboratory study. Cheung, KC; Luo, YM; Wong, MH; Wu, SC, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Toxicity estimates are based on bioavailability causing risk of adverse health effects on humans." | ( Human risk assessment for heavy metals and as contamination in the abandoned metal mine areas, Korea. Kim, JY; Kim, KW; Lee, BT; Lee, JS; Lee, SW, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Moreover, two operational defined extraction procedures commonly used in soil and sediment studies (first and second steps of BCR procedure and DTPA extraction protocol) were applied in the different mining wastes in order to study Pb and Zn mobility and likely bioavailability to Betula pendula growing on the same mining spoils, which presents lead and zinc contents in leaves over ten times background values." | ( Assessment of metal availability to vegetation (Betula pendula) in Pb-Zn ore concentrate residues with different features. Carvalho, ML; Hidalgo, M; Marguí, E; Queralt, I, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " low bioavailability of lead, avoidance of the most contaminated soil horizons and microsites by the organisms, and functional redundancy and development of lead-tolerant populations amongst the organisms." | ( Lead contamination of an old shooting range affecting the local ecosystem--A case study with a holistic approach. Rantalainen, ML; Setälä, H; Strömmer, R; Torkkeli, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The biomarkers measured in this study were useful as a first investigation into the biological effects of contaminant exposure, as well as in determining the bioavailability of contaminants in Lake Conestee." | ( A biomarker approach to measure biological effects of contaminant exposure in largemouth bass from Lake Conestee, South Carolina, U.S.A. Otter, RR; Schreiber, EA; Van den Hurk, P, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to CDARB sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to the liver and kidney of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)." | ( Phosphorus amendment reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in mallards ingesting lead-contaminated sediments. Audet, DJ; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "In this article we summarize the results of a series of studies that measured the relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead in a variety of soil and soil-like test materials." | ( Estimation of relative bioavailability of lead in soil and soil-like materials using young Swine. Brattin, WJ; Casteel, SW; Henningsen, GM; Weis, CP, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Because it is unclear if leaching can account for differences in metal bioavailability observed between metal-spiked soils and historically contaminated field soils, we simultaneously assessed Pb toxicity to the springtail Folsomia candida in three transects of Pb-contaminated soils and in leached and unleached soils spiked at similar total Pb concentrations." | ( Effect of leaching and aging on the bioavailability of lead to the springtail Folsomia candida. Criel, P; Janssen, CR; Lock, K; Smolders, E; Van Eeckhout, H; Waegeneers, N, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Amorphous hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) is an important mineral in soils and sediments influencing the mobility and bioavailability of metal contaminants." | ( Nickel and lead sequestration in manganese oxide-coated montmorillonite. Axe, L; Boonfueng, T; Tyson, TA; Xu, Y, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The highest Pb treatment (32 mM) caused significant effects on basal respiration in some of the acidic soils, but no clear trend was observed in relation to increased Pb bioavailability with time." | ( Changes in lead availability affect bacterial community structure but not basal respiration in a microcosm study with forest soils. Frey, B; Lazzaro, A; Schulin, R; Widmer, F, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soils treated with the two leachates was fluctuated in early period, and then raised." | ( [Effects of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachate on soil Cd- and Pb bioavailability]. Fu, M; Zhou, L, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " While effects of bioavailability and speciation of metals such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) have been considered in human health risk assessment, these effects are rarely taken into consideration when assessing risks to mammals and birds." | ( The value of metals bioavailability and speciation information for ecological risk assessment in arid soils. Day, CH; Nicholson, A; Spicer, J; Suedel, BC, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The uptake and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soil-plant systems remain poorly understood." | ( Organic acids enhance the uptake of lead by wheat roots. Han, F; Liu, T; Shan, X; van Genuchten, MT; Wang, H; Wen, B; Xie, Y; Zhang, S, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for in situ remediation of lead-contaminated aqueous solutions and soils, and to assess the bioavailability of lead using two biological models, amphibian Xenopus laevis larvae and Nicotiana tabaccum tobacco plant." | ( Evaluation of meat and bone meal combustion residue as lead immobilizing material for in situ remediation of polluted aqueous solutions and soils: "chemical and ecotoxicological studies". Cren, S; Deydier, E; Gauthier, L; Guilet, R; Mouchet, F; Pereas, V, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "Heavy metal concentrations and potential bioavailability are reported for sediment in a shallow flood detention lake surrounded by reclaimed, smelter-contaminated land." | ( Impacts of landscape remediation on the heavy metal pollution dynamics of a lake surrounded by non-ferrous smelter waste. Barnsley, MJ; Blake, WH; Reed, JM; Smith, J; Walsh, RP, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Contaminant immobilizing amendments decrease trace element leaching and their bioavailability by inducing various sorption processes: adsorption to mineral surfaces, formation of stable complexes with organic ligands, surface precipitation and ion exchange." | ( Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments--a review. Kumpiene, J; Lagerkvist, A; Maurice, C, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Additionally, phosphate treatment is known to reduce bioavailability through pyromorphite formation in the intestinal tract, and the phytoaccumulation of Pb; both desirable effects for Pb-impacted areas." | ( Phosphate application to firing range soils for Pb immobilization: the unclear role of phosphate. Chrysochoou, M; Dermatas, D; Grubb, DG, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " ALAD2 carriers were potentially protected against adverse hemapoietic effects (ZPP and hemoglobin levels), perhaps because of decreased lead bioavailability to heme pathway enzymes." | ( Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase polymorphism: where does it lead? A meta-analysis. Abadin, HG; Fowler, BA; Moffett, DB; Murray, HE; Scinicariello, F; Sexton, MJ, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " This preliminary study highlights the importance of the OCPs on the NSCs in controlling the transport, fate, biogeochemistry, bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals in aquatic environments." | ( Adsorption of Pb and Cd on the natural surface coatings (NSCs) in the presence of organochlorine pesticides: a preliminary investigation. Guo, S; Hua, X; Li, Y; Liu, L, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The results suggest that metal immobilisation and bioavailability are governed by the formation of complexes between the metals and organic matter." | ( Remediation of metal contaminated soil with mineral-amended composts. Al-Tabbaa, A; Hutchings, TR; Johns, ML; Moffat, AJ; Ouki, SK; van Herwijnen, R, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Oxidation may impact bioavailability of contaminants from the soils, creating erroneous results and leading to improper management and remediation." | ( Sample drying effects on lead bioaccessibility in reduced soil. Furman, O; McGeehan, S; Strawn, DG, ) | 0.13 |
| " The application of bone char decreased the Pb in the in the water soluble (WS), exchangeable (EX), carbonate-bound (CAR) and Fe-Mn oxides-Bound (Fe-Mn) fraction but increased the Pb in organic-bound (ORG) fraction indicating the decreased bioavailability of Pb." | ( [Chemical fixation of metals in soil using bone char and assessment of the soil genotoxicity]. Cao, Q; Hu, Y; Lin, AJ; Su, YH; Zhang, XH; Zhu, YG, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "In order to better understand the relationship between lead speciation and its bioavailability in natural waters, the interactions between Pb(II), fulvic acid and the freshwater alga, Chlorella kesslerii were studied at various algal cell densities." | ( Predicting Pb bioavailability to freshwater microalgae in the presence of fulvic acid: algal cell density as a variable. Slaveykova, VI, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Our results demonstrate the importance of site-specific characterization of size-fractionated contemporary mine waste when assessing the lability and bioavailability of metals at mine-waste impacted sites." | ( Characterization of zinc, lead, and cadmium in mine waste: implications for transport, exposure, and bioavailability. Brabander, DJ; McCarthy, KD; Schaider, LA; Senn, DB; Shine, JP, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Given that metal has much higher affinity with algal sites than humic acid adsorbed to algae, the contribution of the ternary complex to metal bioavailability was negligible in the case of Cd (II) and Cu (II)." | ( Comparison of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) biouptake by green algae in the presence of humic acid. Lamelas, C; Slaveykova, VI, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Oral bioavailability data from a previous human in vivo study on the same soil served as a reference point." | ( Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to in vivo experimental results: lead bioaccessibility in the human gastrointestinal tract. Cave, M; Cornelis, C; De Zwart, LL; Hack, A; Klinck, B; Minekus, M; Oomen, AG; Rompelberg, CJ; Sips, AJ; Van de Wiele, TR; Van Wijnen, J; Verstraete, W; Wragg, J, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The effect of two ecologically contrasting earthworm species Eisenia fetida (epigeic) and Octolasion tyrtaeum (endogeic) on the fractionation (accessed using sequential extractions), mobility (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP) and oral bioavailability (Ruby's physiologically based extraction test, PBET) of Pb, Zn and Cd was studied before and after soil remediation with soil leaching." | ( The effect of earthworms on the fractionation, mobility and bioavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd before and after soil leaching with EDTA. Lestan, D; Plavc, Z; Udovic, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "In vivo models show that the bioavailability of soil contaminants varies between site and type of matrix." | ( In vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and bioaccessibility of arsenic and lead from various mine waste materials. Bruce, S; Matanitobua, V; Ng, J; Noller, B, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Transfer and correlation coefficients were also calculated to evaluate the bioavailability of metals to vegetables." | ( Metals contamination in soils and vegetables in metal smelter contaminated sites in Huangshi, China. Bao, ZY; Ling, QC; Yan, S, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Bioavailability of heavy metals like Pb depends on solubility during digestion." | ( Bioaccessible lead in soils, slag, and mine wastes from an abandoned mining district in Brazil. Bosso, ST; Enzweiler, J, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), as humic acids (HA), in natural waters is assumed to decrease dissolved metal bioavailability by binding metal ions and, therefore, decreasing the free ion concentration in solution." | ( Humic acids increase dissolved lead bioavailability for marine invertebrates. Beiras, R; Blust, R; Lorenzo, JI; Sánchez-Marín, P, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The use of different soft tissues also can solve the problem of defecation to reduce error in interpreting the bioavailability of heavy metals in the intertidal area." | ( Telescopium telescopium as potential biomonitors of Cu, Zn, and Pb for the tropical intertidal area. Azlan, A; Ismail, A; Ismail, AR; Noorhaidah, A; Nor Azwady, AA; Siraj, SS; Tan, SG; Yap, CK, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "This study was done to establish baseline information on the bioavailability of low levels of different species of lead by oral feeding in young rats and to compare this with lead-contaminated soils of similar dosage." | ( Subchronic lead feeding study in male rats. Heneghan, JB; Mielke, HW; Smith, DM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " To study the bioavailability and sources of lead, the bivalve species Chamelea gallina was collected from six sampling sites along the coast of Huelva." | ( Is delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in bivalves from south-west Iberian Peninsula a good biomarker of lead exposure? Blasco, J; DelValls, TA; Kalman, J; Riba, I, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "This paper studied the effects of applying citric acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid on the removal of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from sewage sludge, and the form transformation and bioavailability of these heavy metals before and after the application of tested organic acids." | ( [Removal effects of citric acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid on Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in sewage sludge]. Huang, L; Zhang, QR; Zhou, QX, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "12 M hydrochloric acid of Pb, Cu and Zn in soil was determined as a first approximation of the bioavailability in the human stomach." | ( Bioavailability of trace metals in brownfield soils in an urban area in the UK. Farago, ME; Thornton, I; Thums, CR, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Several methods have been used to estimate the solubility and potential bioavailability of metals, their mineral forms and potential risks to urban population groups." | ( Urban geochemistry: research strategies to assist risk assessment and remediation of brownfield sites in urban areas. Breward, N; Crout, NM; Farago, ME; Fortey, NJ; Hough, RL; McGill, RA; Parrish, RR; Simpson, P; Thornton, I; Thums, CR; Tye, AM; Watt, J; Young, SD, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " EDTA was applied to study its effect in increasing the bioavailability of Cd and Pb and their uptake by these Indian mustards." | ( Pot experiment to study the uptake of Cd and Pb by three Indian mustards (Brassica juncea) grown in artificially contaminated soils. Chen, SW; Chen, ZS; Lai, HY, ) | 0.13 |
| ", Ca(2+), H(+) and Na(+)) affect metal bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic organisms." | ( Modes of metal toxicity and impaired branchial ionoregulation in rainbow trout exposed to mixtures of Pb and Cd in soft water. Birceanu, O; Chowdhury, MJ; Gillis, PL; McGeer, JC; Wilkie, MP; Wood, CM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "The concentration and bioavailability of heavy metals in composted organic wastes have negative environmental impacts following land application." | ( Effect of composting process on phytotoxicity and speciation of copper, zinc and lead in sewage sludge and swine manure. Donglei, W; Guangming, T; Miaomiao, H; Wenhong, L; Xinqiang, L, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " However, bioavailability on these sites needs to be comprehensively characterized." | ( Integration of toxicological and chemical tools to assess the bioavailability of metals and energetic compounds in contaminated soils. Auroy, A; Berthelot, Y; Robidoux, PY; Trottier, B; Valton, E, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Assuming that metal mobility and bioavailability are related to their solubility and the contents in typical plants in the contaminated soil, Pb would be the potential risk to environment safety in the area." | ( Estimation of lead bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils by single and sequential extraction procedure. Chao, L; Chen, S; Sun, L; Sun, T; Zhou, Q, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " This study also compared the lead bioavailability from this lead-contaminated soil between rats and micropigs." | ( Subchronic lead feeding study in male rats and micropigs. Heneghan, JB; Mielke, HW; Smith, DM, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " We provide evidence for the following: (1) the digestive gland is the main target organ for both essential and non essential metals, frequently containing concentrations few orders of magnitude higher as compared to mantle; the sole exception from this was the Hg that is equally distributed in the two tissues; (2) unexpectedly, the higher levels of metals were found in animals captured in the less polluted lagoon, except for Cd whose bioavailability in Aveiro lagoon might be related to industrial sources, while the influence of Cd speciation in local pray composition should not be ruled out (3) size influenced metal concentration in different way: smaller individuals accumulated significantly more Cu, while Hg concentrations showed the opposite trend; (4) Cd is positively correlated to Zn and Cu in digestive gland of specimens collected in spring in Aveiro Lagoon, and no relationship was found in Formosa Lagoon; (5) the molar ratios Cd:Zn and Cd:Cu in digestive gland increased with body weight in specimens from Aveiro area, both ratios becoming particularly higher in older individuals." | ( Metal concentrations in digestive gland and mantle of Sepia officinalis from two coastal lagoons of Portugal. Kadar, E; Pereira, P; Raimundo, J; Vale, C, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Fractionation using sequential extractions, mobility, and phytoavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd and Pb oral bioavailability were determined for aged and non-aged soil." | ( Pb, Zn and Cd mobility, availability and fractionation in aged soil remediated by EDTA leaching. Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Most of the studies on Pb stabilization were performed using various phosphorus-containing amendments that can reduce Pb mobility and bioavailability by the sorption and precipitation of new, stable pyromorphite-type minerals, presenting very low solubility and bioaccessibility." | ( Theoretical assessment of phosphate amendments for stabilization of (Pb+Zn) in polluted soil. Perovic, V; Raicevic, S; Zouboulis, AI, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China." | ( Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil. Chen, J; Jiang, J; Su, Q; Wang, B; Xie, Z, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Soil-metal interactions by sorption, precipitation and complexation processes, and differences between plant species in metal uptake efficiency, transport, and susceptibility make a general prediction of soil metal bioavailability and risks of plant metal toxicity difficult." | ( Assessment of the efficacy of chelate-assisted phytoextraction of lead by coffeeweed (Sesbania exaltata Raf.). Begonia, G; Begonia, M; Hundley, O; Miller, G; Ntoni, J, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " We hypothesized that the bioavailability of Pb for plant uptake can be increased through chelate amendments." | ( Bioavailability and uptake of lead by coffeeweed (Sesbania exaltata Raf.). Begonia, G; Begonia, M; Miller, G; Ntoni, J, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The Tissue Residue Approach (TRA) is an alternative method by which the current risk of Pb to wildlife can be assessed and avoids uncertainties about Pb exposure routes or bioavailability of environmental Pb." | ( Lead toxicity to wildlife: derivation of a critical blood concentration for wildlife monitoring based on literature data. Buekers, J; Redeker, ES; Smolders, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "To understand the transport and bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Daliao River system, nine samples of surface sediment were collected." | ( [Transport and bioavailability of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in surface sediments of Daliao River watersystem]. Fan, YH; He, MC; Lin, CY; Yang, ZF, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " In scallop tissues, Pb was predominantly associated with the insoluble subcellular fraction, suggesting a low bioavailability of Pb for scallop consumers." | ( Delineation of Pb contamination pathways in two Pectinidae: the variegated scallop Chlamys varia and the king scallop Pecten maximus. Bustamante, P; Metian, M; Oberhänsli, F; Warnau, M, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Our objective was to determine the incidence and bioavailability of lead bullet fragments in hunter-killed venison, a widely-eaten food among hunters and their families." | ( Lead bullet fragments in venison from rifle-killed deer: potential for human dietary exposure. Belthoff, JR; Burnham, KK; Hart, G; Hunt, WG; Oaks, JL; Parish, CN; Tucker, RL; Watson, RT, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Based on field investigation and laboratory analysis, the speciation and bioavailability of the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) was studied." | ( [Speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in paddy soil irrigated by acid mine drainage]. Lin, XF; Qiu, RL; Wu, HN; Xia, BC; Xu, C, 2009) | 0.35 |
| ", for studying metal bioavailability or making predictions on dynamic risk assessment in ecotoxicology." | ( Interfacial metal flux in ligand mixtures. 1. The revisited reaction layer approximation: theory and examples of applications. Buffle, J; Zhang, Z, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Bioavailability of lead to small mammals, based on concentrations in washed body hair was low." | ( Source-pathway-receptor investigation of the fate of trace elements derived from shotgun pellets discharged in terrestrial ecosystems managed for game shooting. Clemente, R; Lepp, NW; Riby, P; Sneddon, J, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " japonicus, possibly due to enhanced bioavailability of these metals from ecological processes associated with upwelling during the summer monsoon." | ( Trace metal dynamics in fishes from the southwest coast of India. Joseph, T; Nair, M; Rejomon, G, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Meanwhile, apatite and ferrihydrite composite additives lowered the bioavailability and toxicity of sediments as well." | ( In-situ stabilization of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the multi-contaminated sediments with ferrihydrite and apatite composite additives. Chen, W; Chui, P; Lim, TT; Qian, G, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " In particular, the influence of soil salinity in metal accumulation has been studied as there is notable evidence that salinity changes the bioavailability of metals in soil and is a key factor in the translocation of metals from roots to the aerial parts of the plant." | ( Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by the Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.): metal uptake in relation to salinity. Kalogerakis, N; Manousaki, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Salinity was found to have a positive effect on cadmium uptake by the plant and this may be related to a higher bioavailability of the metal in soil due to decreased Cd sorption on soil particles." | ( Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by the Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.): metal uptake in relation to salinity. Kalogerakis, N; Manousaki, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " In the multi-media transport process, the order of heavy metal bioavailability is Zn > Ni > Cd> Cu > Pb > Cr." | ( [Bioavailability of heavy metals in urban surface dust and rainfall-runoff system]. Chang, J; Gao, L; Li, XH; Lin, X; Liu, M; Wang, LL, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The metal species released due to CO(2) acidification may have sufficiently long residence time in the seawater to affect bioavailability and toxicity of the metals to biota." | ( Effects of experimental CO2 leakage on solubility and transport of seven trace metals in seawater and sediment. Ardelan, MV; Lierhagen, S; Linde, SO; Steinnes, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " While overall cysteine was more effective than glutathione at extracting Pb from soils, its propensity to oxidize may limit its ability to increase the bioavailability of this metal to plants or microorganisms in oxic environments." | ( Extraction of lead and cadmium from soils by cysteine and glutathione. Ahner, BA; Vadas, TM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Cu and Pb complexation properties were measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and the effect of DOM on Cu and Pb bioavailability was studied by means of the Paracentrotus lividus embryo-larval bioassay." | ( Effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of contrasting origins on Cu and Pb speciation and toxicity to Paracentrotus lividus larvae. Alvarez-Salgado, XA; Beiras, R; Nieto-Cid, M; Sánchez-Marín, P; Santos-Echeandía, J, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " These acids could dissolve the heavy metals to some degree, and accordingly, enhance the bioavailability of the metals." | ( [Promotion effects of microorganisms on phytoremediation of heavy metals-contaminated soil]. Li, BW; Wang, ZL; Yang, Z; Zhang, RF, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Although small arms ranges are known to be contaminated with lead, the full extent of metal contamination has not been described, nor has the oral bioavailability of lead in these soils." | ( Evaluation of small arms range soils for metal contamination and lead bioavailability. Bannon, DI; Brattin, WJ; Casteel, SW; Drexler, JW; Fent, GM; Hunter, PJ; Major, MA, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " These data suggest marked differences in toxicity and bioavailability of the lead-amended soil in contrast to the field-collected soil containing lead." | ( Toxicological responses of red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) exposed to aged and amended soils containing lead. Archer, CR; Bazar, MA; Bleiler, JA; Johnson, MS; Mozzachio, K; Phillips, CT; Quinn, MJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "A comparative research study on the bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the soil-plant-animal-system was carried out." | ( Lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper bioavailability in the soil-plant-animal system in a polluted area. Angelova, VR; Ivanov, KI; Ivanova, RV; Todorov, JM, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphate-containing (P) amendments on the toxicity and bioavailability of Pb and Zn in a soil contaminated by mining tailings using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and water soluble, exchangeable leaching procedures in order to find out the appropriate P application rates to reduce the soil TCLP extractable Pb to below the USA EPA's regulatory limit levels." | ( [Evaluation of phosphate-containing amendments on remediation effect and influential factors in a lead/zinc mining tailings contaminated soil using TCLP and forms]. Chen, JJ; Wang, BL; Xie, ZM; Yu, TM, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The effect of earthworms as main soil biotic factors on the residual Pb, Zn, and Cd fraction lability (mobility, bioavailability to plants, and oral-availability) was investigated." | ( Redistribution of residual Pb, Zn, and Cd in soil remediated with EDTA leaching and exposed to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " fetida mirrored the decreasing pattern of metal potential bioavailability gained by leaching the soil with increasing EDTA concentrations." | ( Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd polluted soil. Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The levels of dissolved metals in this study reveal low bioavailability and toxic potential." | ( Dissolved and particulate metals in water from Sonora Coast: a pristine zone of Gulf of California: metals in water from Sonora Coast. García-Rico, L; Gómez-Álvarez, A; Jara-Marini, ME; Tejeda-Valenzuela, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " As indicated by single extraction, the apparent mobility and potential bioavailability of metals in soils followed the order: Cd ≥ Pb > > Zn." | ( Associations of cadmium, zinc, and lead in soils from a lead and zinc mining area as studied by single and sequential extractions. Anju, M; Banerjee, DK, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Bioavailability factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated in plants and trophic transfer factor (TTF) was determined in bird species." | ( Bioaccumulation of trace elements in trophic levels of wetland plants and waterfowl birds. Alhashemi, AS; Karbassi, AR; Kiabi, BH; Monavari, SM; Nabavi, SM; Sekhavatjou, MS, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health." | ( Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps. Basson, NC; de Villiers, S; Thiart, C, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "The increasing use of freshwater/sediment microcosms in geochemical and ecotoxicological studies requires additional efforts to characterize and understand their functioning and the main parameters that can influence the pollutants' behavior and bioavailability inside the microcosms themselves." | ( Characterization of trace element geochemistry in continuous flow-through microcosms: a preliminary step to environmentally meaningful ecotoxicological experiments. Dominik, J; Ferrari, BJ; Garcia-Bravo, A; Kottelat, R; Vignati, DA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north-west China." | ( Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China. Nan, ZR; Wang, SL; Wang, ZW; Zhao, ZJ, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The carbonate fractions mainly contributed to Cd and Pb bioavailability in contaminated arid soils." | ( Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China. Nan, ZR; Wang, SL; Wang, ZW; Zhao, ZJ, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Predictions of relative Pb bioavailability derived from in vitro data were comparable for shooting ranges soils, but highly variable for the other soils examined." | ( Assessment of lead bioaccessibility in peri-urban contaminated soils. Juhasz, AL; McLaren, RG; Naidu, R; Smith, E; Weber, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The mobility and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soils can be mitigated by its immobilization using both soluble and insoluble phosphate (P) compounds." | ( Comparative value of phosphate sources on the immobilization of lead, and leaching of lead and phosphorus in lead contaminated soils. Bolan, N; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Park, JH, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The concepts of bioavailability and bioaccessibility are important for quantifying the risks associated with exposure to environmental pollutants and providing more realistic information for human health." | ( Assessing Cd, Pb, Zn human bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural topsoils (northern France). Bidar, G; Douay, F; Mazzuca, M; Nisse, C; Pelfrêne, A; Waterlot, C, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Future studies needs to evaluate the bioavailability of As and other elements from sikor and their impact on human health." | ( Risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy: trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Al-Rmalli, SW; Haris, PI; Jenkins, RO; Watts, MJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Our results demonstrated that earthworm activity increases the bioavailability of metals in soils." | ( Lumbricus terrestris L. activity increases the availability of metals and their accumulation in maize and barley. Alonso-Azcárate, J; Rodríguez, L; Ruiz, E, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The compost reduced metal availability and plant uptake, while fresh olive husk favoured Mn bioavailability and produced phytotoxicity." | ( Impact of fresh and composted solid olive husk and their water-soluble fractions on soil heavy metal fractionation; microbial biomass and plant uptake. Bernal, MP; Clemente, R; de la Fuente, C; Martínez-Alcalá, I; Tortosa, G, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The bioavailability results were consistent with the characterization of the phototransformation of humic substances: Pb speciation changes followed the modification of the relative abundance of the carboxylic groups and their molecular environment, while the reduced HS adsorption to the alga correlated with losses of the double bond abundance and aromaticity." | ( Effect of humic substance photoalteration on lead bioavailability to freshwater microalgae. Miéville, P; Slaveykova, VI; Spierings, J; Worms, IA, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Eight years after Coal Fly Ash (CFA) soil amendment, MTE bioavailability and uptake by two plants, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, were evaluated, as some biological markers reflecting physiological stress." | ( Influence of fly ash aided phytostabilisation of Pb, Cd and Zn highly contaminated soils on Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens metal transfer and physiological stress. Bidar, G; Debiane, D; Douay, F; Garçon, G; Laruelle, F; Lopareva-Pohu, A; Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, A; Pourrut, B; Shirali, P; Verdin, A; Waterlot, C, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Through the formation of bidentate ligand between metal ions and surface sulfhydryl by complexing reaction, the hybrid material could absorb and fix mobile fractions of Cd and Pb in soil, and promote transformation of acid extractable Cd and Pb into residual fraction, resulting in significant reduction of heavy metals bioavailability and mobility and then fixing remediation of contaminated soil." | ( [Effect and mechanism of immobilization of cadmium and lead compound contaminated soil using new hybrid material]. Liang, XF; Qin, X; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Xu, YM, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "01) of Pb contents in the acid-extractable fractions by BCR approach and the vegetables was observed, which indicates that the acid-extractable Pb is useful for evaluating the metal bioavailability for plants and potential risk for human health in soils." | ( Lead contamination and its potential sources in vegetables and soils of Fujian, China. Chen, L; Chen, T; Huang, ZY; Qin, DP; Yu, J, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "We reviewed the published evidence of lead (Pb) contamination of urban soils, soil Pb risk to children through hand-to-mouth activity, reduction of soil Pb bioavailability due to soil amendments, and methods to assess bioaccessibility which correlate with bioavailability of soil Pb." | ( In vitro and in vivo approaches for the measurement of oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils: a review. Chaney, RL; Codling, EE; Scheckel, KG; Zia, MH, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Pb is an important neurotoxic metal and children are more susceptible to its effect due to their higher absorption rate and greater susceptibility of the developing nervous system." | ( Determinants of lead exposure in children on the outskirts of Salvador, Brazil. Menezes-Filho, JA; Paes, CR; Viana, GF, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Fire caused slightly increased bioavailability of the observed metals but more significant rise happened in metal amounts bound to oxides and organics." | ( Wild fire impact on copper, zinc, lead and cadmium distribution in soil and relation with abundance in selected plants of Lamiaceae family from Vidlic Mountain (Serbia). Ilic, MD; Markovic, MS; Mitic, VD; Nikolic Mandic, SD; Stankov Jovanovic, VP; Stojanovic, GS, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The trial involved the participation of seven laboratories (five European and two North American) providing bioaccessibility data for As (11 samples), Cd (9 samples) and Pb (13 samples) using soils with in vivo relative bioavailability data measured using a swine model." | ( An inter-laboratory trial of the unified BARGE bioaccessibility method for arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil. Basta, N; Brandon, E; Casteel, S; Cave, M; Denys, S; Gron, C; Oomen, A; Reimer, K; Tack, K; Van de Wiele, T; Wragg, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Lead (Pb) bioaccessibility was assessed using 2 in vitro methods in 12 Pb-contaminated soils and compared to relative Pb bioavailability using an in vivo mouse model." | ( In vivo-in vitro and XANES spectroscopy assessments of lead bioavailability in contaminated periurban soils. Gancarz, D; Gräfe, M; Juhasz, AL; Kempson, IM; McLaren, RG; Naidu, R; Rofe, A; Smith, E; Weber, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Both soluble and insoluble phosphate compounds were tested for Pb immobilization, and its subsequent mobility and bioavailability in a contaminated soil from a shooting range." | ( Environmental monitoring of the role of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of lead in contaminated soils. Bolan, NS; Chung, JW; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Park, JH, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Sorption and desorption are mechanisms involved in the reduction of metal mobility and bioavailability in organic materials." | ( Lead sorption-desorption from organic residues. Carrillo, R; Duarte Zaragoza, VM; Gutierrez Castorena, CM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Low pH in the gut increases bioaccessibility but reduces bioavailability due to protonation of receptor ligands." | ( Speciation and cysteine-simplified physiological-based extraction technique (SBET) bioaccesibility of heavy metals in biosolids. Dasilva, P; Dilger, K; Hollingsworth, T; Mooney, M; Tongesayi, T, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " This paper addresses the influence of soil properties on the chemical availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (CaCl(2) extraction and ionic activity) and bioavailability (accumulation kinetics) to the land snail Cantareus aspersus." | ( Use of chemical methods to assess Cd and Pb bioavailability to the snail Cantareus aspersus: a first attempt taking into account soil characteristics. Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Gimbert, F; Pauget, B; Scheifler, R, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Lead was mobilized to more weakly retained forms, which indicates a high bioavailability of the remaining Pb in soil after washing." | ( Environmental hazard of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in metal-contaminated soils remediated by sulfosuccinamate formulation. del Carmen Hernández-Soriano, M; Mingorance, MD; Peña, A, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Furthermore, the tailings efficiently reduced the bioavailability of Pb by transferring it from the water-soluble and exchangeable pools into the organic one." | ( Apatite ore mine tailings as an amendment for remediation of a lead-contaminated shooting range soil. Venäläinen, SH, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " In the analytical conditions, these results show that risk to children decreases when the bioavailability of Pb in soils is taken into account and that the studied pH values do not affect the EDI-F(A) HQs." | ( In vitro digestion and DGT techniques for estimating cadmium and lead bioavailability in contaminated soils: influence of gastric juice pH. Douay, F; Pelfrêne, A; Waterlot, C, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " In addition, the impact of Pb(2+) on the bioavailability of cypermethrin to midges was measured using Tenax extraction." | ( Joint toxicity of a pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, and a heavy metal, lead, to the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. Du, J; Lydy, MJ; Mehler, WT; You, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The assimilation efficiency of Pb was measured in the candidate sentinel Cantareus aspersus, to assess its capacity to consistently represent the bioavailability of Pb." | ( Sources of variation in the assimilation of lead by a common gastropod sentinel Cantareus aspersus. Beeby, A; Richmond, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The bioavailability and ultimate fate of heavy metals in the environment are controlled by adsorption-desorption process." | ( Effects of pH and low molecular weight organic acids on competitive adsorption and desorption of cadmium and lead in paddy soils. Han, X; He, Z; Jiang, H; Li, T; Yang, X, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Metal bioavailability in Collembola differs from soil solution indicating that soil solution is not sufficient to evaluate toxicity in soil organisms." | ( Toxicity of Pb and of Pb/Cd combination on the springtail Folsomia candida in natural soils: reproduction, growth and bioaccumulation as indicators. Bianco, A; Bur, T; Crouau, Y; Gandois, L; Probst, A, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The remediation was evaluated based on Pb and As bioavailability, assessed by means of a selective non-exhaustive chemical extraction (modified Morgan extraction, MME), with a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) for the assessment of Pb and As bioavailability in ingested soils and with a novel in vivo bioaccumulation test with isopods (Porcellio scaber)." | ( Influence of compost addition on lead and arsenic bioavailability in reclaimed orchard soil assessed using Porcellio scaber bioaccumulation test. McBride, MB; Udovic, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " However, humic acids (HA) have been shown to increase Pb bioavailability for marine invertebrates, including Pb toxicity to sea urchin embryos." | ( Quantification of the increase in Pb bioavailability to marine organisms caused by different types of DOM from terrestrial and river origin. Beiras, R; Sánchez-Marín, P, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Inorganic soil amendments may decrease metal bioavailability and enhance soil quality." | ( Effects of soil dilution and amendments (mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar) on Pb availability and phytotoxicity in military shooting range soil. Ahmad, M; Han Lee, Y; Ro, HM; Sik Ok, Y; Soo Lee, S; Yang, JE, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soil was reduced so that the potential stress of Pb was alleviated." | ( Bioremediation of Pb-contaminated soil based on microbially induced calcite precipitation. Achal, V; Fu, Q; Pan, X; Zhang, D, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "This study was set up to relate lead (Pb) bioavailability with its toxicity to plants in soils." | ( Lead phytotoxicity in soils and nutrient solutions is related to lead induced phosphorus deficiency. Cheyns, K; Delcourt, D; Peeters, S; Smolders, E, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " significantly improved Pb accumulation, achieving high bioconcentration factors (> 22), which was attributed to an increased bioavailability and uptake of Pb due to the fungus." | ( Effect of a saprophytic fungus on the growth and the lead uptake, translocation and immobilization in Dodonaea viscosa. Buendia-Gonzalez, L; Peralta-Perez, Mdel R; Rojas-Loria, CC; Volke-Sepulveda, TL, ) | 0.13 |
| "The relative bioavailability of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead for the ingestion pathway was measured in 16 soils contaminated by either smelting or mining activities using a juvenile swine model." | ( In vivo validation of the unified BARGE method to assess the bioaccessibility of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead in soils. Caboche, J; Cave, M; Denys, S; Feidt, C; Jondreville, C; Rychen, G; Tack, K; Wragg, J, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Results also showed that bioavailability is an important factor determining the impact of the heavy metals assayed, and even an inverted potential toxicity ranking could be achieved if their soluble fraction is considered instead of the total concentration." | ( The exposition of a calcareous Mediterranean soil to toxic concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb produces changes in the microbiota mainly related to differential metal bioavailability. Caliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Triadó-Margarit, X; Vila, X, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Although soil characteristics modulate metal mobility and bioavailability to organisms, they are often ignored in the risk assessment of metal transfer." | ( Soil parameters are key factors to predict metal bioavailability to snails based on chemical extractant data. Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Gimbert, F; Pauget, B; Scheifler, R, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " We suggest that direct interactions of Cd-NOM complexes with the gill, and increases in Cd bioavailability due to Pb outcompeting Cd for NOM-metal binding sites due to its greater affinity for such ligands, accounted for greater Cd-gill binding and toxicity." | ( Interactions of Pb and Cd mixtures in the presence or absence of natural organic matter with the fish gill. Borgmann, U; George Dixon, D; Playle, RC; Wilkie, MP; Winter, AR, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " However, the mobility, activity and bioavailability of Pb rely mainly on its various chemical species in soils." | ( Labile pools of Pb in vegetable-growing soils investigated by an isotope dilution method and its influence on soil pH. Cai, C; Cao, YL; Huang, ZY; Li, J; Xie, H; Zeng, XC, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " alterniflora may increase the seasonal fluctuation in heavy metal bioavailability in the salt marsh ecosystem." | ( Influence of Spartina alterniflora on the mobility of heavy metals in salt marsh sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Qian, P; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Zheng, X; Zhou, L, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "020 for total soil lead and available soil lead concentration, respectively), thus reducing the bioavailability of heavy metal ions." | ( Microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of Sophora viciifolia grown at a lead and zinc mine of northwest China. Ban, YH; Chen, H; Tang, M; Xu, ZY; Zhang, HH, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " This may be explained by our demonstrated N6L interaction with sulfated glycosaminoglycans and consequently the controlled bioavailability of glycosaminoglycan-bound TIMP-3." | ( Multivalent pseudopeptides targeting cell surface nucleoproteins inhibit cancer cell invasion through tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) release. Ayoul, F; Briand, JP; Carpentier, G; Courty, J; Destouches, D; Frechault, S; Huet, E; Menashi, S; Sader, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Germination and algal tests showed higher sensitivity in Regosol soil than in Arenosol soil for Cr due to differences in the bioavailability between the soils." | ( Ecotoxicity of Cr, Cd, and Pb on two Mediterranean soils. Cáliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Vila, X, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Ameliorant treatments could decrease the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in the soil, and thus reduce the contents of Pb and Cd in the fruits." | ( [In situ immobilization of Pb and Cd in orchard soil using soil ameliorants]. Chen, S; Liu, WP; Tang, M; Yu, J; Zhang, D; Zhang, JZ; Zhang, X, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Nanocurcumin due to its possible chelating property and enhanced bioavailability efficiently removed lead from blood and soft tissues compared to bulk curcumin." | ( Preventive efficacy of bulk and nanocurcumin against lead-induced oxidative stress in mice. Flora, G; Gupta, D; Tiwari, A, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " And the bioavailability of these four heavy metals was also determined preliminarily." | ( [Speciation and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the sediment of Taihu Lake]. Cao, W; Qin, YW; Zhang, L; Zheng, BH, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The aim of our study was to compare and evaluate the results of the biological and non-biological assessment of metal bioavailability after soil remediation." | ( An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. Drobne, D; Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " scaber is a more relevant and sensitive measure of metal bioavailability than chemical bioaccessibility testing in remediated industrially polluted soil." | ( An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. Drobne, D; Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Bioaccessibility data was then used to predict Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) using published in vivo-in vitro regression models in order to compare calculated estimates and measured values." | ( Predicting lead relative bioavailability in peri-urban contaminated soils using in vitro bioaccessibility assays. Juhasz, AL; Kuchel, T; Naidu, R; Rees, M; Rofe, A; Sansom, L; Smith, E; Weber, J, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The redworm bioassay indicated Pb (but not As) bioavailability to be reduced by soil amendment with compost, a result consistent with the ammonium acetate extraction test but not reflected in modified BCR test." | ( Extractability and bioavailability of Pb and As in historically contaminated orchard soil: effects of compost amendments. Fleming, M; McBride, MB; Tai, Y; Zhuang, P, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Lolium mutiforum and Phytolacca americana were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 on naturally Cd and Pb contaminated soils inoculated with and without Trichoderma asperellum strain C3 or Penicillium chrysogenum strain D4, to investigate plant growth, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability responses." | ( Fungal inoculation and elevated CO2 mediate growth of Lolium mutiforum and Phytolacca americana, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability in metal-contaminated soil: evidence from DGT measurement. Guo, J; Ju, X; Smith, DL; Song, N; Tang, S; Wang, F; Zhang, C, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " It is concluded that standard sequential extraction procedures are probably not very useful in predicting lability and bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soils." | ( Evaluating specificity of sequential extraction for chemical forms of lead in artificially-contaminated and field-contaminated soils. Li, Z; McBride, MB; Tai, Y, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The estimation of heavy metal bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment." | ( In vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to estimate cadmium and lead bioaccessibility/bioavailability in two vegetables: the influence of cooking and additives. Cui, Y; Fu, J, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Moreover, the Cd or Pb uptake in sunflower showed various correlations with pH and some organic acids, which might be due to the fact that the Cd and Pb interfere with the organic acids secretion in rhizosphere of sunflower, and the changes of organic acids altered the form and bioavailability of Cd and Pb in cultures conversely." | ( Dynamics of three organic acids (malic, acetic and succinic acid) in sunflower exposed to cadmium and lead. Li, X; Niu, Z; Sun, L; Sun, T, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "To develop efficient and effective methods of assessing and managing the risk posed by metals to aquatic life, it is important to determine the effects of water chemistry on the bioavailability of metals in surface water." | ( Evaluation of trace metals bioavailability in Japanese river waters using DGT and a chemical equilibrium model. Han, S; Hanai, Y; Masunaga, S; Naito, W, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "75 mg/g for 2800 mg/L Pb(2+) solution), and the formation of nanoporous structure clearly enhanced the absorption rate by 32." | ( A nanoporous hydrogel based on vinyl-functionalized alginate for efficient absorption and removal of Pb2+ ions. Wang, A; Wang, W; Zong, L, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Although to different extents, the biochars induced significant changes of the substrates in terms of pH, EC, CEC and bioavailability of the metals." | ( Elements uptake by metal accumulator species grown on mine tailings amended with three types of biochar. Fellet, G; Marchiol, L; Marmiroli, M, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Biomonitoring provides direct evidence of the bioavailability and accumulation of toxic elements in the environment." | ( Age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in liver, kidney and lung tissues of homing pigeons in Beijing, China. Cui, J; Halbrook, RS; Wu, B; Zang, S, 2013) | 0.39 |
| ", predicted solubility of Pb in the GIT), and (3) results of bioavailability bioassays of amended soils conducted in humans and animal models." | ( Amending soils with phosphate as means to mitigate soil lead hazard: a critical review of the state of the science. Burgess, MF; Diamond, GL; Klotzbach, JM; Maddaloni, M; Miller, BW; Partridge, CR; Scheckel, KG; Serda, SM, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Regression models were used to describe relationships between pine elements bioavailability and biological (dehydrogenase activity) and physico-chemical properties of mine soils developed at different parental rocks." | ( Linking heavy metal bioavailability (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) in Scots pine needles to soil properties in reclaimed mine areas. Pietrzykowski, M; Socha, J; van Doorn, NS, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Bioavailability of Pb to maize was reduced by up to 71% in the amended soils." | ( Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions. Ahmad, M; Cho, JS; Hashimoto, Y; Lee, SE; Lee, SS; Lim, JE; Moon, DH; Ok, YS, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "This study aimed at assessing the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to Eisenia andrei in shooting range soils representing different land uses (forest, grassland, bullet plot)." | ( Determining the bioavailability and toxicity of lead contamination to earthworms requires using a combination of physicochemical and biological methods. Luo, W; van Gestel, CA; Verweij, RA, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Amendments were tested for their ability to reduce the bioavailability of Pb, Sb, Zn, Ni, Cu and As in the soils to soil organisms after one year of aging, by measuring a series of ecotoxicological endpoints for earthworms and plants and soil microbial activity." | ( Ecotoxicity of chemically stabilised metal(loid)s in shooting range soils. Bolan, N; Naidu, R; Sanderson, P, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " By spiking soils with the stable enriched isotopes of (206)Pb, the contamination of exogenous Pb(2+) ions in three agricultural soils sampled from the estuary areas of Jiulong River, China was simulated in the present study, and the distribution, mobility and bioavailability of exogenous Pb in the soils were investigated using the isotopic labeling method coupled with a four-stage BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure." | ( Assessing of distribution, mobility and bioavailability of exogenous Pb in agricultural soils using isotopic labeling method coupled with BCR approach. Cai, C; Cao, YL; Huang, ZY; Xie, H; Zhang, Z, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " These results indicate that the Metaleurop smelter, despite its closure in 2003, still represents a threat to the local ecosystem because of the high levels and high bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil." | ( Histopathology related to cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in chronically exposed wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, around a former smelter. Durfort, M; Rieffel, D; Sánchez-Chardi, A; Scheifler, R; Tête, N, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The low bioavailability of Pb and low number of Pb-tolerant plant species represent an important limitation for Pb phytoextraction." | ( EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum. Abdelly, C; Chmingui, W; Ghabriche, R; Ghnaya, T; Lakhdar, A; Lutts, S; Zaier, H, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar." | ( A three-year experiment confirms continuous immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field with biochar amendment. Bian, R; Chia, C; Cui, L; Donne, S; Gong, B; Joseph, S; Li, L; Liu, X; Marjo, C; Munroe, P; Pan, G; Rutlidge, H; Wong, S; Zhang, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The effect of phosphate treatment on lead relative bioavailability (Pb RBA) was assessed in three distinct Pb-contaminated soils." | ( In situ formation of pyromorphite is not required for the reduction of in vivo pb relative bioavailability in contaminated soils. Gancarz, D; Herde, C; Juhasz, AL; McClure, S; Scheckel, KG; Smith, E, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Soil amendment with chelating agents can increase metal uptake and translocation in biomass species through increased metal bioavailability together with possible increases in metal leaching." | ( Metal partitioning in plant-substrate-water compartments under EDDS-assisted phytoextraction of pyrite waste with Brassica carinata A. Braun. Bandiera, M; Lucchini, P; Mosca, G; Vamerali, T, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " A significant reduction in metal uptake by plants was also observed as a result of sewage sludge application, which was attributed to decreased bioavailability through soil stabilisation." | ( Efficacy of biosolids in assisted phytostabilization of metalliferous acidic sandy soils with five grass species. Grobelak, A; Grosser, A; Kacprzak, M; Prasad, MN, 2014) | 0.4 |
| ", median lethal accumulations, or LA50s) were calculated to assess relative bioavailability of these metals in Columbia River water compared to laboratory water, and to elucidate possible differences in sensitivity of early life stage white sturgeon to the same concentrations of metals when tested in the different water sources." | ( Acute toxicity of copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc to early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in laboratory and Columbia River water. Giesy, JP; Hecker, M; Ryan, A; Santore, R; Vardy, DW, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " (DIN), and physiologically based extraction test methods (PBET), while Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) was determined using a mouse blood model." | ( Assessment of in vitro lead bioaccessibility in house dust and its relationship to in vivo lead relative bioavailability. Cui, XY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, K; Ma, LQ, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Scientifically sound risk assessment and derivation of environmental quality standards for lead (Pb) in the freshwater environment are hampered by insufficient data on chronic toxicity and bioavailability to unicellular green algae." | ( Toxicity of lead (Pb) to freshwater green algae: development and validation of a bioavailability model and inter-species sensitivity comparison. De Schamphelaere, KA; Janssen, CR; Nys, C, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The low plant bioavailability of Pb demonstrated a further research focusing on Pb absorption and speciation conversion is needed, especially the role of dissolve organic matter in soil which may enhance Pb bioavailability." | ( [Distribution and speciation of Pb in Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and rhizosphere soil by in situ synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure]. Shen, YT, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Understanding bioavailability and toxicity is essential for effective ecological assessment of contaminated soils." | ( Assessment of the bioavailability and toxicity of lead polluted soils using a combination of chemical approaches and bioassays with the collembolan Folsomia candida. Luo, W; van Gestel, CA; Verweij, RA, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Finally, these biochars could thus also be applicable for metal contaminated soils to reduce mobility and bioavailability of Cd and Pb." | ( Geochemical and spectroscopic investigations of Cd and Pb sorption mechanisms on contrasting biochars: engineering implications. Bingöl, D; Hruška, M; Komárek, M; Pohořelý, M; Trakal, L, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Aging is a time-dependent process that causes metal bioavailability to decrease with time." | ( Influence of ageing on lead bioavailability in soils: a swine study. Kuchel, T; Lamb, D; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Thavamani, P; Wijayawardena, MA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil." | ( Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multi-metal-contaminated soil. Bai, J; Chen, Y; Du, R; Qiu, R; Wang, S; Yang, X, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The contribution of the nature instead of the total content of soil parameters relevant to metal bioavailability in lettuce was tested using a series of low-polluted Mediterranean agricultural calcareous soils offering natural gradients in the content and composition of carbonate, organic, and oxide fractions." | ( Improving the relationship between soil characteristics and metal bioavailability by using reactive fractions of soil parameters in calcareous soils. de Santiago-Martín, A; González, C; Lafuente, AL; Lamy, I; Quintana, JR; van Oort, F, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "This study reports the chemical bioavailability of several potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb) in contaminated Technosols from two former smelting and mining areas." | ( Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas. Gauthier, A; Joussein, E; Motelica-Heino, M; Qasim, B; Soubrand, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The data obtained have shown that even low doses (3%) of sluash are effective in reducing the bioavailability of lead, cadmium and zinc, resulting in a decrease of their concentration in plants." | ( Sewage sludge and fly ash mixture as an alternative for decontaminating lead and zinc ore regions. Galimska-Stypa, R; Krzyżak, J; Pogrzeba, M; Sas-Nowosielska, A, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Shrimp farming, agriculture, and other sources were considered as potential sources to explain the differences in metal bioavailability in the 8 lagoons." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc in subtropical coastal lagoons from the southeast Gulf of California using mangrove oysters (Crassostrea corteziensis and Crassostrea palmula). Osuna-Martínez, CC; Páez-Osuna, F, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Any environmental changes that could alter HS concentration and reactivity can be expected to modify metal complexation and thus affect metal speciation and bioavailability to microalgae." | ( Photo-transformation of pedogenic humic acid and consequences for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) speciation and bioavailability to green microalga. Adenmatten, D; Miéville, P; Slaveykova, VI; Traber, J; Worms, IA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Current risk characterization in ecological risk assessment does not consider bioavailability of heavy metals, which highly depends on physicochemical properties of environmental media." | ( Effect of dissolved humic acid on the Pb bioavailability in soil solution and its consequence on ecological risk. An, J; Jho, EH; Nam, K, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " However, information about element bioavailability from these plants is lacking." | ( Bioaccessibility versus bioavailability of essential (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and toxic (Pb) elements from phyto hyperaccumulator Pistia stratiotes: potential risk of dietary intake. Čadková, Z; Horáková, B; Kopecký, O; Křivská, D; Langrová, I; Miholová, D; Száková, J; Tlustoš, P, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "In the present study, we aimed to understand how amelioration of animal manure compost (AMC) with high phosphorus and low water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) contents can simultaneously immobilize lead and reduce lead mobility and bioavailability in soil irrespective of the animal source." | ( Impact of phosphorus and water-soluble organic carbon in cattle and swine manure composts on lead immobilization in soil. Katoh, M; Kitahara, W; Sato, T; Wang, Y, ) | 0.13 |
| " CCD may improve the bioavailability of phenanthrene and Pb in co-contaminated soil; CCD enhanced phytoremediation technology may be a good alternative for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants and heavy metals from contaminated soils." | ( Cysteine-β-cyclodextrin enhanced phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene and lead. Deng, N; Hu, S; Wang, G; Wang, Y; Wu, F, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The phenomenon showed that P improved the bioavailability of Pb, while citric acid had the opposite effect." | ( [Effect of phosphate and organic acid addition on passivation of simulated Pb contaminated soil and the stability of the product]. Gao, TT; Hu, HQ; Su, XJ; Wan, TY; Zuo, JC, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The results of this study demonstrated that KP, SPP, and KPM can effectively decrease bioavailability of Pb." | ( Screening and assessment of solidification/stabilization amendments suitable for soils of lead-acid battery contaminated site. Guo, G; Li, F; Rhee, JS; Teng, Y; Wang, J; Wang, S; Zhang, Z, 2015) | 0.42 |
| ", Pb) and NPs in aquatic environments may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals." | ( Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lead bioconcentration and toxicity on thyroid endocrine system and neuronal development in zebrafish larvae. Dirbaba, NB; Li, Y; Miao, W; Wu, H; Xiao, X; Zhou, B; Zhu, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " In spite of this, a weak inverse relationship detected between ALA-D and Pb concentrations pointed out the potential of this biomarker in red mullet to reflect Pb bioavailability in marine environment." | ( Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (ALA-D) in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from Mediterranean waters as biomarker of lead exposure. Benedicto, J; Fernández, B; Martínez-Gómez, C, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "In order to predict the bioavailability of toxic metals in soils undergoing degradation of organic matter (OM) and iron oxides (IOs), it is vital to understand the roles of these soil components in relation to metal retention and redistribution with time." | ( Effects of time, soil organic matter, and iron oxides on the relative retention and redistribution of lead, cadmium, and copper on soils. Adebowale, KO; Diagboya, PN; Olu-Owolabi, BI, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Geophagic materials may be a source of micronutrients though the materials may bind the micronutrients thus reducing or hindering their bioavailability in the body." | ( Heavy metals and parasitic geohelminths toxicity among geophagous pregnant women: a case study of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. Mbuthia, EK; Moturi, WN; Odongo, AO, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar." | ( Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Che, L; Guo, X; He, L; Huang, H; Lin, X; Liu, J; Lu, K; McGrouther, K; Wang, H; Yang, X; Ye, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The highest immobilization efficacy was observed with biochar produced at 300 °C, showing the maximum decreases of bioavailability by 94 and 70% for Pb and Cu, respectively, which were attributed to the abundance of functional groups in the biochar." | ( The role of biochar, natural iron oxides, and nanomaterials as soil amendments for immobilizing metals in shooting range soil. Ahmad, M; Chang, JY; Kim, KR; Lee, SS; Ok, YS; Rajapaksha, AU; Vithanage, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The fractions analysis according to Tessier suggested that Pb gradually transformed towards more stable fractions in the slightly alkaline soil, thus reducing the bioavailability of Pb." | ( The bioavailability and adverse impacts of lead and decabromodiphenyl ether on soil microbial activities. Chen, L; He, L; Lin, K; Wu, L; Zhang, R; Zhang, W, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The purpose of this work is to evaluate the applicability of biosensors as tools able to provide data about the bioavailability of such MTEs in contaminated soils." | ( Determination of zinc, cadmium and lead bioavailability in contaminated soils at the single-cell level by a combination of whole-cell biosensors and flow cytometry. Colinet, G; Delvigne, F; Fischer, C; Hiligsmann, S; Hurdebise, Q; Tarayre, C, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "In this study, we examined three horizontal and vertical soil profiles along a sewage drainage ditch in order to determine the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils and to assess the bioavailability and potential ecological risks associated with these metals in a potential groundwater source area." | ( Distribution, bioavailability, and potential ecological risk of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soil in a potential groundwater source area. Feng, D; Song, L; Teng, Y; Wang, J; Wu, J; Zuo, R, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "This study investigated the relationship between Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) and bioaccessibility, and their relationships with Pb in different pools in soils." | ( Lead bioaccessibility in 12 contaminated soils from China: Correlation to lead relative bioavailability and lead in different fractions. Cave, M; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, K; Ma, LQ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " We found evidence that in comparison to the untreated soil, the treated soil was associated with decreased bioavailability of the heavy metals and increased vegetable yields." | ( Slash-and-char: An ancient agricultural technique holds new promise for management of soils contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn. He, XX; Jia, P; Kuang, JL; Li, JT; Li, SP; Liao, B; Niu, LQ; Shu, WS; Zhou, WH, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " This paper discusses challenges in remediation and bioavailability assessments of Pb in urban soils in the context of lower SSLs and identifies research needs to better address those challenges." | ( Bioavailability-Based In Situ Remediation To Meet Future Lead (Pb) Standards in Urban Soils and Gardens. Attanayake, C; Basta, NT; Cheng, Z; Henry, H; Hettiarachchi, GM; Maddaloni, M; Naujokas, MF; Schadt, C; Scheckel, KG, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The reduction in metal bioavailability and other modifications to the substrate induced by the application of biochar may be beneficial to the establishment of a green cover on top of mine soil to aid remediation and reduce risks." | ( Cadmium, lead, and zinc mobility and plant uptake in a mine soil amended with sugarcane straw biochar. Abreu, CA; Beesley, L; Melo, LC; Paz-Ferreiro, J; Puga, AP, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Soil plays a significant role in controlling the potential bioavailability of contaminants in the environment." | ( Using soil properties to predict in vivo bioavailability of lead in soils. Kuchel, T; Lamb, D; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Thavamani, P; Wijayawardena, MA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " triqueter on bioavailability of PYR and Pb suggested that organic acids enhanced the bioavailability of PYR and Pb in wetland soil, and the bioavailability effects of organic acids generally followed the same order as that of desorption effects." | ( Identification of Scirpus triqueter root exudates and the effects of organic acids on desorption and bioavailability of pyrene and lead in co-contaminated wetland soils. Chen, X; He, C; Hou, Y; Liang, X; Liu, X; Tao, K; Zhang, X, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " With addition of exotic heavy metals, the main speciations of Pb and Zn in the soil transformed from tight-bound to loose-bound forms as compared to the control, and the bioavailability of heavy metals was increased." | ( [Speciation Characteristics and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Oasis Soil Under Pb, Zn Combined Stress]. Jin, C; Nan, ZR; Wang, HC; Wang, SL; Wu, WF; Zhao, ZJ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Organisms have developed metal regulatory mechanisms in response to changes in the bioavailability of trace metals." | ( Tracking the Temporal Dynamics of Intracellular Lead Speciation in a Green Alga. Behra, R; Nachtegaal, M; Sigg, L; Stewart, TJ; Szlachetko, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Reductions in NO bioavailability were observed in lead-induced hypertension." | ( Sodium Nitrite Prevents both Reductions in Circulating Nitric Oxide and Hypertension in 7-Day Lead-Treated Rats. Dias-Junior, CA; Gonçalves-Rizzi, VH; Nascimento, RA; Possomato-Vieira, JS, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Organic selenium compounds are effective antioxidants during heavy metal poisoning; they exhibit higher bioavailability in mammals than inorganic ones and they are able to activate antioxidant defense, bind heavy metal ions and reactive oxygen species formed during metal-induced oxidative stress." | ( [Biological activity of selenorganic compounds at heavy metal salts intoxication]. Borodulin, VB; Rusetskaya, NY, ) | 0.13 |
| " The objective of this study was to examine the speciation and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in selected complementary medicines." | ( Speciation and bioavailability of lead in complementary medicines. Bolan, S; Clark, I; Dong, M; Kunhikrishnan, A; Naidu, R; Ok, YS; Palanisami, T; Seshadri, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The addition of nZVI/AC was able to convert relatively weakly bound heavy metals into more strongly bound species and thus reduce the bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Investigation of heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr) stabilization in river sediment by nano-zero-valent iron/activated carbon composite. Chen, WF; Li, Y; Wang, W; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The result showed that Pb oral bioavailability of cooked seafood in vivo was below 10%." | ( The study of lead content distribution in Chinese seafood and its oral bioavailability in mice. Chen, J; Hao, X; He, L; He, W; Tong, Y; Zhu, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " These findings raise concerns about the bioavailability and the additional threat posed by metals for pollinators in agricultural areas while providing new insights for potential use of the honey bee as a sentinel species for metal exposure." | ( Low dietary levels of Al, Pb and Cd may affect the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in caged honey bees (Apis mellifera). Aras, P; Boily, M; Gauthier, M; Jumarie, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " It requires a better understanding of how the temperature alters the bioavailability of metals in cultivated soils." | ( Impact of temperature on the dynamics of organic matter and on the soil-to-plant transfer of Cd, Zn and Pb in a contaminated agricultural soil. Cornu, JY; Denaix, L; Lacoste, J; Nguyen, C; Sappin-Didier, V; Schneider, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The in vivo bioavailability of Pb decreased in the phosphate treatment relative to the untreated soil (6 and 24%, respectively), and also in the Fe WTR 2% (12%) and nZVI-2 (13%) treatments." | ( In Situ Fixation of Metal(loid)s in Contaminated Soils: A Comparison of Conventional, Opportunistic, and Engineered Soil Amendments. Betts, AR; Brunetti, G; Castaldi, P; Deiana, S; Donner, E; Juhasz, AL; Lombi, E; Mele, E; Scheckel, KG; Smith, E, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Therefore, a laboratory incubation study was conducted to determine Pb bioavailability and microbial toxicity in repeated Pb-polluted soil in the presence of BDE209 for the first time." | ( Changes of lead speciation and microbial toxicity in soil treated with repeated Pb exposure in the presence of BDE209. Fu, R; Lin, K; Liu, G; Zhang, R; Zhang, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) for predicting metal bioavailability was investigated by exposing the bivalve Tellina deltoidalis to an identical series of metal-contaminated sediments deployed simultaneously in the field and laboratory." | ( Metal Fluxes from Porewaters and Labile Sediment Phases for Predicting Metal Exposure and Bioaccumulation in Benthic Invertebrates. Amato, ED; Belzunce-Segarra, MJ; Jarolimek, CV; Jolley, DF; Simpson, SL, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " These urban soils will require further management to reduce Pb and possibly Cd bioavailability to decrease the potential for uptake into food crops." | ( When Vacant Lots Become Urban Gardens: Characterizing the Perceived and Actual Food Safety Concerns of Urban Agriculture in Ohio. Basta, N; Hand, M; Huber, S; Kaiser, ML; Williams, ML, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " However, the contribution of each source on metal bioavailability and how soil properties influence these contributions have never been studied when considering the dynamic process of bioavailability." | ( How contamination sources and soil properties can influence the Cd and Pb bioavailability to snails. Coeurdassier, M; Crini, N; de Vaufleury, A; Druart, C; Gimbert, F; Pauget, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This included 1) implementing more robust quality criteria for selecting chronic toxicity data; 2) the conversion of total to dissolved Pb concentrations using a combination of an empirical equation relating inorganic Pb solubility and geochemical speciation modeling to account for effects of dissolved organic matter; 3) the use of bioavailability models for chronic toxicity for species belonging to 3 different trophic levels; and 4) the use of robust methods for large data set handling (such as species sensitivity distribution [SSD] analysis)." | ( The derivation of effects threshold concentrations of lead for European freshwater ecosystems. Blust, RJ; Chowdhury, J; De Schamphelaere, KA; Gustafsson, JP; Janssen, CJ; Nys, C; Van Sprang, PA, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Correlation analyses revealed that soil organic matter, soil pH, and clay content showed insignificant correlation with Pb concentration in the soil and wheat grains, whereas calcium carbonate content showed significantly negative correlations with both total and bioavailable Pb in the soil, and Pb content in wheat grains, demonstrating the strong influences of calcium carbonate on Pb bioavailability in the polluted calcareous soils." | ( The influences of selected soil properties on Pb availability and its transfer to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a polluted calcareous soil. Delavar, MA; Esfandiarpour-Boroujeni, I; Owliaie, HR; Safari, Y; Zhang, C, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Adsorption and desorption are important processes that influence the potential toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils." | ( The Adsorption and Desorption of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) in Freeze-Thaw Treated Soils. Guo, P; Li, L; Li, X; Ma, J; Tao, J; Wang, G; Xu, M; Yu, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The elevated bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Pb, As and Cs in paddy soil under an electro-kinetic field (EKF) were studied." | ( Electro-kinetic remediation coupled with phytoremediation to remove lead, arsenic and cesium from contaminated paddy soil. Arslan, Z; Guo, K; Han, FX; Mao, X; McComb, J; Shao, X; Zhang, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " For this reason, the relationships between the five commonly used in vitro methods, the Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure (RBALP), the unified BioAccessibility Research Group Europe (BARGE) method (UBM), the Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium assay (SBRC), a Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET), and the in vitro Digestion Model (RIVM) were quantified statistically using 10 soils from long-term Pb-contaminated mining and smelter sites located in Western Australia and South Australia." | ( Quantifying statistical relationships between commonly used in vitro models for estimating lead bioaccessibility. Dong, Z; Liu, Y; Naidu, R; Yan, K, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Here the relative bioavailability (RBA) of Pb in different types of Pb-bearing paint has been assessed." | ( Relative bioaccessibility of Pb-based paint in soil. Hunt, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The objective was to estimate site-specific soil/dust ingestion rates through reevaluation of the lead absorption dose-response relationship using new bioavailability data from the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex Superfund Site (BHSS) in Idaho, USA." | ( Estimating Children's Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates through Retrospective Analyses of Blood Lead Biomonitoring from the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in Idaho. Bartrem, C; Spalinger, S; Stanek, LW; Stifelman, ML; von Lindern, I, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in vitro bioavailability methodology was applied to archived BHSS soil and dust samples." | ( Estimating Children's Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates through Retrospective Analyses of Blood Lead Biomonitoring from the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in Idaho. Bartrem, C; Spalinger, S; Stanek, LW; Stifelman, ML; von Lindern, I, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Absolute soil and house dust bioavailability averaged 33% (SD ± 4%) and 28% (SD ± 6%), respectively." | ( Estimating Children's Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates through Retrospective Analyses of Blood Lead Biomonitoring from the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in Idaho. Bartrem, C; Spalinger, S; Stanek, LW; Stifelman, ML; von Lindern, I, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This is due to the high likelihood that agriculture will improve soils in urban areas, resulting in reduced bioavailability of soil Pb and reduced fugitive dust." | ( Lead in Urban Soils: A Real or Perceived Concern for Urban Agriculture? Brown, SL; Chaney, RL; Hettiarachchi, GM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Taking into account the mobility and bioavailability of this fraction, these waste forms may pose significant environmental risk." | ( Thallium transformation and partitioning during Pb-Zn smelting and environmental implications. Chen, Y; He, L; Lippold, H; Liu, J; Luo, D; Qi, J; Su, L; Wang, C; Wang, J; Wu, Q; Xie, X, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Hazards of soil-borne lead (Pb) to wild birds may be more accurately quantified if the bioavailability of that Pb is known." | ( Bioaccessibility tests accurately estimate bioavailability of lead to quail. Basta, NT; Beyer, WN; Chaney, RL; Henry, PF; Mosby, DE; Rattner, BA; Scheckel, KG; Sprague, DT; Weber, JS, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Single extractions by acetic acid (HOAc) were conducted to assess the bioavailability and speciation of lead in soils for comparison with the parts of the plants that are aboveground." | ( Distribution and integrated assessment of lead in an abandoned lead-acid battery site in Southwest China before redevelopment. Guo, G; Li, F; Wang, M; Zhang, C; Zhang, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Overall addition of CLB offered the best results and could be effective in both Pb and Cu immobilization thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability in the co-contaminated soil." | ( Influence of pyrolytic and non-pyrolytic rice and castor straws on the immobilization of Pb and Cu in contaminated soil. Aziz, O; Chhajro, MA; Fu, Q; Hu, H; Huang, G; Imtiaz, M; Rizwan, MS; Zhu, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " To evaluate BCs effect on Cd, Pb, As bioavailability and mobility, CaCl2, KH2PO4 and SPLP extractions were firstly carried out." | ( Varying effect of biochar on Cd, Pb and As mobility in a multi-metal contaminated paddy soil. Chen, C; Li, H; Peng, B; Tan, C; Wang, X; Yin, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " To demonstrate the importance of determining the significance of point and diffuse metal contamination and the related bioavailability of the metals present from abandoned mines a case study has been carried out." | ( Abandoned metal mines and their impact on receiving waters: A case study from Southwest England. Beane, SJ; Comber, SD; Long, P; Rieuwerts, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Modeling toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges to the incorporation of bioavailability and metal speciation in metal exposures." | ( Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of 3 modeling approaches. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Zhu, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The leaf litters of tree species, Acacia pycnantha (Ap) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Ec), predominantly growing at an abandoned copper (Cu) mine and mine soils including controls, were assessed for determining the metal toxicity and bioavailability using earthworm species Eisenia fetida, in a microcosm." | ( Assessment of metal toxicity and bioavailability in metallophyte leaf litters and metalliferous soils using Eisenia fetida in a microcosm study. Aryal, R; Correll, R; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Nirola, R; Venkateswarlu, K, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Using in vitro bioaccessibility assays to predict Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) in contaminated soils has been demonstrated, however, limited research was performed on urban soils having lower Pb levels." | ( Using the SBRC Assay to Predict Lead Relative Bioavailability in Urban Soils: Contaminant Source and Correlation Model. Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, SW; Ma, LQ; Wang, N; Zhao, D; Zhu, YG, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Defining the precise clean-up goals for lead (Pb) contaminated sites requires site-specific information on relative bioavailability data (RBA)." | ( A meta-analysis to correlate lead bioavailability and bioaccessibility and predict lead bioavailability. Dong, Z; Duan, L; Liu, Y; Naidu, R; Rahman, MM; Semple, KT; Wijayawardena, A; Yan, K, ) | 0.13 |
| " Overall, the addition of BC offered the best results and could be effective in both Pb and Cu immobilization thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability in the co-contaminated soil." | ( Immobilization of Pb and Cu in polluted soil by superphosphate, multi-walled carbon nanotube, rice straw and its derived biochar. Ashraf, M; Bashir, S; Chhajro, MA; Fu, Q; Hu, H; Huang, G; Imtiaz, M; Liu, Y; Rizwan, MS; Zafar, M; Zhu, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In this study, 75 lipsticks and 18 lip glosses were assessed for Pb concentration, while 15 samples were assessed for Pb relative bioavailability (RBA, relative to Pb acetate absorption) using a mouse femur assay." | ( Lead Relative Bioavailability in Lip Products and Their Potential Health Risk to Women. Juhasz, AL; Li, C; Li, HB; Li, J; Luo, J; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Zhao, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " As the global climate changes, increasing atmospheric temperatures and contamination of soil by heavy metals co-occur in natural ecosystems, which alters the pH of rhizosphere soil and influences the bioavailability and mobility of metals." | ( Growth under elevated air temperature alters secondary metabolites in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. Huang, SP; Jia, X; Liu, T; Wang, WK; Yang, MY; Zhao, YH, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " These results present ecological implications for the estuarine ecosystems such as bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Influence of UV-B radiation on lead speciation in the presence of natural particles of estuarine waters. Gonçalves, ML; Kumar, MP; Mota, AM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The toxicity of Pb depends on its bioavailability which has been determined to be influenced greatly by the geochemical properties of each site." | ( Soil pollution at outdoor shooting ranges: Health effects, bioavailability and best management practices. Fayiga, AO; Saha, UK, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In this study, we employed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and traditional chemical extraction methods (soil solution, HOAc, EDTA, CaCl₂, and NaOAc) to determine the Cd bioavailability in Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of Pb." | ( A Diffusive Gradient-in-Thin-Film Technique for Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Cd in Soil Contaminated with Cd and Pb. Liu, C; Wang, C; Wang, P; Wang, T; Yao, Y; Yuan, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Biochar derived from various materials has been investigated with regard to its ability to decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils, and thus reduce their potential to enter the food chain." | ( The effect of biochar and crop straws on heavy metal bioavailability and plant accumulation in a Cd and Pb polluted soil. Sun, CX; Wang, Q; Xiao, WD; Xu, P; Ye, XZ; Zhang, Q, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Here we demonstrate the interest of SEM in ecotoxicology, more precisely to test the three-step concept of metal bioavailability to earthworms." | ( A structural equation model of soil metal bioavailability to earthworms: confronting causal theory and observations using a laboratory exposure to field-contaminated soils. Beaumelle, L; Gimbert, F; Hedde, M; Lamy, I; Vandenbulcke, F; Vile, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two best management practices; bullet removal and vegetation, on bioavailability and leachability of Pb in three shooting range (SR) soils." | ( The effect of bullet removal and vegetation on mobility of Pb in shooting range soils. Fayiga, AO; Saha, U, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Soil types had a significant effect on Pb(2+) bioavailability because of the difference in sorption ability." | ( Chemo-mechanical modification of cottonwood for Pb(2+) removal from aqueous solutions: Sorption mechanisms and potential application as biofilter in drip-irrigation. El-Ghamry, A; Elnaggar, A; Gao, B; Li, Y; Mosa, A; Omar, M; Trüby, P, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can affect the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, especially in soils used for vegetable production, where intensive organic fertilization is applied." | ( Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on Uptake and Translocation of Lead in Brassica chinensis and Potential Health Risk of Pb. Li, R; Li, Y; Xie, X; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The intestinal absorption of lead from bullets was assumed to be 10-80 % of that of lead acetate, reflecting both the variability in particle size and uncertainty about the bioavailability of metallic lead in dogs." | ( Lead intoxication in dogs: risk assessment of feeding dogs trimmings of lead-shot game. Bernhoft, A; Høgåsen, HR; Knutsen, HK; Ørnsrud, R, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "6% after nHAP@BC remediation, which greatly reduced the bioavailability of Pb in the soil." | ( In situ remediation and phytotoxicity assessment of lead-contaminated soil by biochar-supported nHAP. Fang, J; Fang, Z; Tsang, PE; Yang, Z; Zhao, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The order of apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability for these contaminated street-dust samples is Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni." | ( Heavy-metal contamination and solid-phase fractionation in street dust. Mahdavi, S; Merrikhpour, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Overall, LMWOAs boosted the bioavailability of Pb in purple soil and had a potential risk to contaminate underground water." | ( [Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids on the Speciation of Pb in Purple Soil and Soil Solution]. Chen, H; Huang, R; Jiang, T; Liu, J; Zhang, JZ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "This paper reports the bioavailability of the metals (cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, and nickel) in sediment samples collected in seven stations from the São Paulo Estuary, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil." | ( Bioavailability assessment of toxic metals using the technique "acid-volatile sulfide (AVS)-simultaneously extracted metals (SEM)" in marine sediments collected in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. de Oliva, ST; de Oliveira, OM; Ferreira, SL; Nascimento, RA; Silva, JB, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Field experiments were conducted over two cultivation seasons to study the effects of steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), limestone (LS), bioorganic fertilizer (BF), and the combination of SS and BF (SSBF) on rice grain yield, Cd, Pb, and Zn and nutrient accumulation in brown rice, bioavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil as well as soil properties (pH and catalase), at two acidic paddy fields contaminated with mixed heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn)." | ( Effects of alkaline and bioorganic amendments on cadmium, lead, zinc, and nutrient accumulation in brown rice and grain yield in acidic paddy fields contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals. He, H; Li, WC; Qiu, R; Tam, NF; Yao, A; Ye, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Although the relation between speciation and bioavailability is complex, the metal present as free hydrated ion, or as weak complexes able to dissociate, is usually more bioavailable than the metal incorporated in strong complexes or adsorbed on colloidal or particulate matter." | ( Complexation of lead by organic matter in Luanda Bay, Angola. Boaventura, RA; Leitão, A; Santos, AM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " DOM), varied from 9 to 40 ppm, no significant temporal differences in the abundance of WHAM-modeled labile species were found, suggesting mobility and bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were comparable over the 2003-2012 period." | ( Evaluation of free/labile concentrations of trace metals in Athabasca oil sands region streams (Alberta, Canada) using diffusive gradient in thin films and a thermodynamic equilibrium model. Guéguen, C; Zhu, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The present study investigated the bioavailability and potential toxicity to Daphnia magna of lead released to the water column due to bioturbation by Lumbriculus variegatus." | ( The effect of lead from sediment bioturbation by Lumbriculus variegatus on Daphnia magna in the water column. Blankson, ER; Klerks, PL, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Thus, determining bioavailability of Pb in soil is critical in evaluating risk and selecting appropriate strategies to minimize exposure." | ( Estimating relative bioavailability of soil lead in the mouse. Alava, P; Bradham, KD; Diamond, GL; Green, W; Hayes, H; Misenheimer, J; Nelson, C; Thayer, WC; Thomas, DJ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| ", organic materials, hydroxides) indicating low potential mobility and bioavailability of the deposited Pb." | ( Accumulation of lead (Pb) in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a lake downstream a former shooting range. Heier, LS; Holth, TF; Mariussen, E; Pettersen, MN; Rosseland, BO; Salbu, B; Teien, HC, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Therefore, we developed in the present study a chronic metal mixture bioavailability model (MMBM) by combining the existing chronic daphnid bioavailability models for Ni, Zn, and Pb with the independent action (IA) model, assuming strict non-interaction between the metals for binding at the metal-specific biotic ligand sites." | ( Development and validation of a metal mixture bioavailability model (MMBM) to predict chronic toxicity of Ni-Zn-Pb mixtures to Ceriodaphnia dubia. De Schamphelaere, KAC; Janssen, CR; Nys, C, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Furthermore, the bioavailability of As, Cd, and lead (Pb) in mice after 20-day oral ingestion of Crassostrea rivularis was investigated, and the total rate of absorption of toxic elements in samples from the liver and kidney tissues and blood was determined." | ( Distribution of As, Cd, and Pb in seafood in Southern China and their oral bioavailability in mice. Tang, WY; Tong, YP; Wu, ZB; Wu, ZX; Zhu, ZP, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "In this study, the in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) of lead (Pb) in phosphate-amended Pb-contaminated soil was assessed using a variety of IVBA assays with an overarching aim of determining whether changes in Pb IVBA were congruent to those observed for Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) determined using an in vivo mouse assay." | ( Predictive Capabilities of in Vitro Assays for Estimating Pb Relative Bioavailability in Phosphate Amended Soils. Betts, AR; Juhasz, AL; Scheckel, KG; Smith, E, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The stabilizers could lower the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in the contaminated soils, and the amount of the exchangeable forms of the aforementioned two metals were reduced evidently." | ( Immobilization of metals in contaminated soils using natural polymer-based stabilizers. Li, A; Tao, X; Yang, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The results of bioavailability and eco-toxicity assessment demonstrated a drastic decrease in the bioavailable fraction from 41." | ( Immobilization and reduction of bioavailability of lead in shooting range soil through hydrothermal treatment. Islam, MN; Park, JH, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Cr, Cu, and Zn in the sediments from the MPB were potentially highly bioavailable because the non-residual fractions were 56." | ( Heavy metal concentrations and speciation in riverine sediments and the risks posed in three urban belts in the Haihe Basin. Dong, L; Pei, Y; Shan, B; Tang, W; Zhang, C; Zhang, W, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The results showed that DOM with larger MWs had stronger inhibitory effects on the bioavailability of Cu to algae." | ( Dissolved organic matter affects the bioaccumulation of copper and lead in Chlorella pyrenoidosa: A case of long-term exposure. Fang, X; Hu, S; Jin, Z; Li, F; Shi, W, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Changes in Pb speciation affect its bioavailability in soils and water." | ( Effects of organic ligands on Pb absorption and speciation changes in Arabidopsis as determined by micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis. Shen, YT; Song, YF, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "In this study, the influence of sample matrix on the relative bioavailability of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was assessed following exposure of C57BL/6 mice to spiked aged (12years) soils." | ( Influence of sample matrix on the bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium and lead during co-contaminant exposure. Herde, P; Juhasz, AL; Ollson, CJ; Smith, E, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The present study investigated the effectiveness of Chinese loess on Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb stabilization by decreasing their bioavailability in contaminated sediment." | ( Immobilization of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mine drainage stream sediment using Chinese loess. Chen, Y; Li, Y; Ma, J; Nan, Z; Wang, S; Zang, F; Zhang, Q, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Therefore, the application of NHAP reduced the mobility and bioavailability of Pb in the soil." | ( Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil. Ding, L; Li, J; Liang, SX; Liu, W; Zuo, Q, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Studies evaluating the effect of water quality factors on bioavailability and toxicity of Pb in salt water are limited; the effect of water quality on Pb toxicity in salt water should be considered in future studies." | ( Updated species sensitivity distribution evaluations for acute and chronic lead toxicity to saltwater aquatic life. Chowdhury, MJ; Church, BG; DeForest, DK; Van Sprang, PA, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "To our knowledge, this is the first report on exploring the interactive effects of various biochars (BCs) and nanomaterials (NMs) on plant growth and bioavailability of trace elements in soil." | ( Potential toxicity of trace elements and nanomaterials to Chinese cabbage in arsenic- and lead-contaminated soil amended with biochars. Awad, YM; Lee, SS; Niazi, NK; Ok, YS; Rinklebe, J; Rizwan, M; Vithanage, M; Yang, JE, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " To provide a human health risk assessment that is more relevant to real conditions, Pb bioavailability in soils is increasingly employed in the assessment procedure." | ( Measurement of soil lead bioavailability and influence of soil types and properties: A review. Dong, Z; Liu, Y; Naidu, R; Semple, K; Wijayawardena, MAA; Yan, K, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Lead (Pb) bioaccessibility measurements have been the subject of much research in recent years, given the desire to develop a cost-effective and reliable alternative method to estimate its bioavailability from soils and dusts." | ( Investigating the relationship between lead speciation and bioaccessibility of mining impacted soils and dusts. Bello, O; Dong, Z; Islam, S; Liu, Y; Naidu, R; Rahman, MM, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Soluble synthetic P fertilizer (diammonium phosphate; DAP) and reactive (Sechura; SPR) and unreactive (Christmas Island; CPR) natural phosphate rocks (PR) were tested for Cd, Pb and Zn immobilization and later their mobility and bioavailability in a shooting range soil." | ( Potential value of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of mixed heavy metal contaminants in shooting range soil. Bolan, NS; Choppala, G; Currie, LD; Kim, G; Kunhikrishnan, A; Ok, YS; Sanderson, P; Seshadri, B; Tsang, DCW; Wang, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "As a top predator, the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) may serve as a good indicator species, providing information about the bioavailability of contaminants and their transfer within the food chain." | ( Concentrations of lead and other elements in the liver of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), a European flagship species, wintering in Eastern Poland. Jakubas, D; Kitowski, I; Sujak, A; Wiącek, D, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "For the purpose of safe disposal of biomass contaminated by biosorption of heavy metals, phosphate-assisted pyrolysis of water hyacinth biomass contaminated by lead (Pb) was tried to reduce the bioavailability and leaching potential of Pb, using direct pyrolysis without additive as a control method." | ( Reducing the bioavailability and leaching potential of lead in contaminated water hyacinth biomass by phosphate-assisted pyrolysis. Cai, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Lü, J; Shi, L; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, T, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " To reduce soil Pb risk to humans by oral exposure, phosphate amendments have been used to reduce Pb relative bioavailability (RBA), but its efficiency has not been investigated using validated in vitro assays nor its influence on As-RBA." | ( Effect of phosphate amendment on relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead and arsenic in contaminated soils. Li, HB; Li, MY; Li, SW; Liu, X; Luo, J; Ma, LQ; Sun, HJ; Zhao, D, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Bioavailability of TE is strongly related to the soil physicochemical parameters and thus to the ecosystem type." | ( Response of bacterial communities to Pb smelter pollution in contrasting soils. Alahmad, A; Cancès, B; Conreux, A; Duclercq, J; Fanin, N; Gommeaux, M; Lacoux, J; Marin, B; Morvan, X; Ponthieu, M; Roger, D; Schneider, AR; Spicher, F, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " In conclusion, the data clearly demonstrated that biochar application can be effectively used for Cd, Pb, and Zn immobilization, thereby reducing their bioavailability and phytotoxicity." | ( Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility and (bio)availability in contaminated soils from a former smelting site amended with biochar. Bourgerie, S; Gauthier, A; Hattab-Hambli, N; Lebrun, M; Lomaglio, T; Miard, F; Morabito, D; Motelica-Heino, M; Nandillon, R; Scippa, GS; Trupiano, D, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Further, bioavailability of lead is discussed as a basis for evaluating the environmental relevance of the many studies on lead toxicity that have been published in the past decades." | ( Lead Toxicity in Plants. Küpper, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Whole-cell biosensors or bioreporters and speciation modeling have both become of increasing interest to determine the bioavailability of pollutants, as bioavailability is increasingly in use as an indicator of risk." | ( Whole-cell bioreporters and risk assessment of environmental pollution: A proof-of-concept study using lead. Deng, J; Qin, B; Wells, M; Zhang, X, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Interaction between toxic and essential elements is of particular interest, because the deficiency of essential element can dramatically increase the absorption rate of toxic metals inside the body." | ( Interaction of Lead with Calcium, Iron, and Zinc in the Biological Samples of Malnourished Children. Afridi, HI; Kazi, TG; Talpur, FN; Talpur, S, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "This study investigated the impact of coagulation-flocculation treatment on metal form and bioavailability in municipal wastewater." | ( Impacts of coagulation-flocculation treatment on the size distribution and bioavailability of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) in municipal wastewater. Alibardi, L; Campo, P; Cartmell, E; Constantino, C; Dotro, G; Hargreaves, AJ; Vale, P; Whelan, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "In situ soil amendments can modify the Pb bioavailability by changing soil Pb speciation." | ( Lead Speciation and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Compost-Amended Urban Garden Soils. Attanayake, CP; Hettiarachchi, GM; Ma, Q; Pierzynski, GM; Ransom, MD, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The results suggest that using the more relevant <150-μm fraction will not undermine currently validated IVBA protocols in future bioavailability studies." | ( Lead and Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Speciation as a Function of Soil Particle Size. Betts, AR; Karna, RR; Noerpel, M; Scheckel, KG, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Stirred-flow desorption studies and in vitro physiologically based extractions were used to assess the mobility and relative bioavailability of soil As, respectively." | ( Arsenic Speciation and Availability in Orchard Soils Historically Contaminated with Lead Arsenate. Gamble, AV; Givens, AK; Sparks, DL, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "The adsorption behaviour of metals deposited on road surfaces undergo changes during dry weather periods, with the bioavailability varying compared to the original species, prior to incorporation in stormwater runoff." | ( Role of residence time on the transformation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd attached to road dust in different land uses. Ayoko, GA; Egodawatta, P; Goonetilleke, A; Jayarathne, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " In this study, the biochars produced from co-pyrolysis of rice straw with swine manure at 400°C were investigated to evaluate their effects on bioavailability and chemical speciation of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in a Pb-Zn contaminated soil through incubation experiment." | ( Changes in heavy metal bioavailability and speciation from a Pb-Zn mining soil amended with biochars from co-pyrolysis of rice straw and swine manure. Liu, X; Meng, J; Tao, M; Wang, L; Xu, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The decrease of lead toxicity was related with the reduced bioavailability of free metal form (Pb2+) caused by greater adsorption of lead onto the MWCNTs." | ( Effects of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on toxicity and bioaccumulation of lead in Daphnia magna. Hwang, YS; Jang, MH, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The bioavailability and distribution of selenium (Se) and lead (Pb) between muddy and sandy sediments from four estuaries along the Persian Gulf were analyzed." | ( The comparison of selenium and lead accumulation between contaminated muddy and sandy sediments from four estuaries along the Persian Gulf: effect of grain size. Hosseini, M; Sajjadi, N, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Slow plant growth, low biomass, and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil are important factors that limit remediation efficiencies." | ( Improvement of the phytoremediation efficiency of Neyraudia reynaudiana for lead-zinc mine-contaminated soil under the interactive effect of earthworms and EDTA. Cai, L; Li, Y; Luo, J; Ma, X; Xia, L; Yu, J; Zhou, C, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Therefore, MLP were able both to detoxify lead ions and to improve their bioavailability in Brassica species." | ( Molasses melanoidin-like products enhance phytoextraction of lead through three Brassica species. Hatano, KI; Yamatsu, T, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Contamination of staple cereal grains by highly bioavailable pulverized ores could account for as much as 11%-34% of children's BLLs during the epidemic, and were a continuing source after residential soil remediation until stored grain inventories were exhausted." | ( Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010-2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara, Nigeria. Abdullahi, A; Anka, SM; Bartrem, C; Lind, D; Tirima, S; von Braun, M; von Lindern, I, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Using selected sepiolite (SEP) and biochar (BC) as contrasts, we investigated the effects of a new cross-linked modified chitin (CC) on the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soils, the yield of rice, and the absorption and accumulation of Pb and Cd in different parts of rice plants in a field environment." | ( [Comparative Analysis of Different Soil Amendment Treatments on Rice Heavy Metal Accumulation and Yield Effect in Pb and Cd Contaminated Farmland]. Chen, JD; Hu, XF; Liang, L; Tian, ZQ; Wang, SK; Zhang, ZM; Zhu, XM, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " In soil, speciation of lead greatly affects its bioavailability and thus its toxicity on plants and microbes." | ( A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of lead in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies. Hans, N; Kumar, S; Kushwaha, A; Rani, R, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Moreover, NHAP could reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Pb, while increasing enzyme activities, thereby lowering the leaching risk and biotoxicity of Pb." | ( Assessment of the Remediation Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite in Exogenous Pb-contaminated Soil Using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Soil Enzyme Activities. Ding, L; Li, J; Liang, SX; Liu, W; Shen, S; Xi, X, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " In this study, improved BCR procedure, laboratory culture, laboratory micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), and synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were used to investigate the distribution, speciation, and bioavailability of Pb in soils from a Pb/zinc (Zn) mining area contaminated with heavy metals." | ( [Comprehensive Study of Lead Speciation and Its Bioavailability in Soils From a Lead/Zinc Mining Area by Micro X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure]. Liu, J; Luo, LQ; Sun, XY, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "To determine the effects of dietary constituents on soil Pb oral bioavailability, Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) in 3 soils contaminated by zinc smelting (ZS), wire-rope production (WR), and metal mining (MM) was measured under fasted and fed states with 9 foods." | ( Food influence on lead relative bioavailability in contaminated soils: Mechanisms and health implications. Cui, XY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, MY; Luo, J; Ma, LQ; Zhao, D; Zhu, YG, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "The bioavailability and potential uptake of heavy metals by crops is fundamentally influenced by the forms of metals in soils." | ( Organic matter facilitates the binding of Pb to iron oxides in a subtropical contaminated soil. Cai, P; Chen, W; Huang, Q; Wan, D; Zhang, N; Zheng, L, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Biochar, produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under low oxygen conditions, has gathered attention in the last few years due to its capability to reduce metal(loid)s bioavailability and mobility in soils, as well as its beneficial effects on soil fertility." | ( Effect of Fe-functionalized biochar on toxicity of a technosol contaminated by Pb and As: sorption and phytotoxicity tests. Bourgerie, S; Lebrun, M; Miard, F; Morabito, D; Nandillon, R; Renouard, S; Scippa, GS, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " In this study, we investigated the effect of humic acid (HA) with different molecular weight (Mw) on the bioavailability of Pb for a representative algae-Chlorella pyrenoidosa." | ( Pb (II) bioavailability to algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in relation to its complexation with humic acids of different molecular weight. Bai, H; He, M; Jiang, Z; Liu, G; Wei, S; Ye, B, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Soil lead (Pb) hazard level is contingent on bioavailability, but existing assays that estimate Pb bioavailability for human health risks are too expensive or otherwise inaccessible to many people that are impacted by Pb-contaminated soil." | ( Use of Routine Soil Tests to Estimate Pb Bioaccessibility. Ginder-Vogel, M; Naidu, R; Plunkett, SA; Siemering, GS; Soldat, DJ; Tomaszewski, EJ; Wijayawardena, MAA, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "The bioavailability and oxidative damage toxicity of lead (Pb) in seven food matrices, including rice, milk, tomato, garlic, apple, kelp and pork, were determined using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model and a rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) oxidative damage model." | ( Effect of food matrices on the in vitro bioavailability and oxidative damage in PC12 cells of lead. Fang, Y; Hu, Q; Li, P; Pei, F; Shen, X; Shi, Y; Wu, J; Xia, J; Xie, M, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The Alpine accentor (Prunella collaris) was recognized as a cost-effective biomonitor, and used to investigate the bioavailability of contaminants in large alpine areas." | ( Alpine accentors as monitors of atmospheric long-range lead and mercury pollution in alpine environments. Haas, M; Janiga, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " In this study, the potential relationships between soil properties and Pb bioaccessibility from various Pb sources including Pb contamination from mining (specifically, Broken Hill), three shooting ranges, a smelter and two industry sites (pottery and battery), were investigated using the Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure (RBALP)." | ( The source of lead determines the relationship between soil properties and lead bioaccessibility. Dong, Z; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Naidu, R; Wijayawardena, MAA; Yan, K, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " This study aims to assess the effectiveness of 14 chemical soil extractants to predict the bioavailability of toxic elements (Cd, Pb and Zn) in soils from the abandoned Pb/Zn mine of Rubiais (NW Spain), based on root and shoot metal contents in Cytisus scoparius (L." | ( Ability of Cytisus scoparius for phytoremediation of soils from a Pb/Zn mine: Assessment of metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation. Andrade, ML; Arenas-Lago, D; Lago-Vila, M; Rodríguez-Seijo, A; Vega, FA, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "In standard terrestrial ecotoxicological tests, soils usually are spiked with highly soluble metal salts leading to overestimation of bioavailability and introducing counterions that may contribute to toxicity." | ( Effect of percolation and chemical form on Pb bioavailability and toxicity to the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus in freshly spiked and aged soils. Van Gestel, CAM; Zhang, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Therefore, combination amendments, such as HTB, which can reduce the bioavailability of both Cd and Pb and increase soil microbial activity, are recommended for practical applications." | ( Effects of Passivating Agents on the Availability of Cd and Pb and Microbial Community Function in a Contaminated Acidic Soil. Ding, A; Zhang, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " However, in the bricks, the bioavailability concentration of Pb, Ni, and Cr is less than 1% of that in the soil; the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching concentration of Pb in the bricks was only 4% of that in the soil, and the leaching concentrations of Ni and Cr were lower than the detectable concentration." | ( Variance in heavy metal leachability of Pb-, Ni-, and Cr-contaminated soils through red brick sintering procedure. Chen, CC; Chen, SW; Cheng, PC; Cheng, SF; Tu, YT, 2019) | 0.51 |
| ") (T5), and green manure + metal-solubilizing bacteria (T6), on solubility and bioavailability of Zn, Cd, and Pb." | ( Enhancing the effectiveness of zinc, cadmium, and lead phytoextraction in polluted soils by using amendments and microorganisms. Annapurna, K; Bandyopadhyay, K; Datta, SP; Dwivedi, BS; Golui, D; Meena, MC; Mishra, R, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "We assessed the efficacy of Ca-bentonite (CB) alone and combined with Ca-hydroxide (CH), tobacco biochar (TB), and zeolite (ZL) aiming to immobilize Cu and Pb and decrease their bioavailability and uptake by pak choi followed by maize in a mining contaminated soil." | ( Mono-and co-applications of Ca-bentonite with zeolite, Ca-hydroxide, and tobacco biochar affect phytoavailability and uptake of copper and lead in a gold mine-polluted soil. Guo, Z; Jing, R; Lahori, AH; Li, R; Liu, T; Mahar, A; Mi, S; Ren, C; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Wang, Z; Zhang, Z, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The robustness of in vitro bioaccessibility assays to predict oral relative bioavailability (RBA) of multiple metals in contaminated soils requires validation using additional soil samples." | ( As, Cd, and Pb relative bioavailability in contaminated soils: Coupling mouse bioassay with UBM assay. Chen, XQ; Li, HB; Li, LZ; Li, MY; Luo, YM; Ma, LQ; Tu, C; Wang, JY; Zhu, X, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The present study was designed to evaluate in vivo the oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) present in the marine bivalve Dosinia exoleta." | ( In vivo oral bioavailability of Pb sequestered in metal rich granules in bivalves. Beiras, R; Durán, R; Sánchez-Marín, P, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The effects of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the bioavailability of multiple heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in river sediments were investigated by co-composting with the agricultural waste." | ( Changes of heavy metal fractions during co-composting of agricultural waste and river sediment with inoculation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chen, Y; Li, H; Li, Y; Wang, S; Wu, Y; Xu, R; Zeng, Z; Zhang, J, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "In this study, an in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) between Pb in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) and relative bioavailability (RBA) was explored to determine whether the efficacy of Pb immobilization in phosphate amended soils could be predicted using an in vitro approach." | ( Relationship between Pb relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility in phosphate amended soil: Uncertainty associated with predicting Pb immobilization efficacy using in vitro assays. Boland, J; Juhasz, AL; Karna, RR; Kastury, F; Placitu, S; Scheckel, KG; Smith, E, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and metals in aquatic environments may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of metals to organisms." | ( Bioconcentration, depuration and toxicity of Pb in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in zebrafish larvae. Guo, Y; Han, J; Hu, S; Li, S; Wu, H; Yang, L; Zhou, B, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The bioavailability of metals can be influenced not only by soil properties but also by other species living at polluted sites." | ( The effect of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida in metal-polluted field soils. Ardestani, MM; Giska, I; van Gestel, CAM, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " During the past decades, various animal bioassays have been developed to determine the relative bioavailability (RBA) of As, Pb, and Cd in contaminated soils, dust, and foods, which vary in operational approaches." | ( Oral Bioavailability of As, Pb, and Cd in Contaminated Soils, Dust, and Foods based on Animal Bioassays: A Review. Basta, NT; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, MY; Li, SW; Luo, YM; Ma, LQ; Zhao, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Complexation of microbial polymer in soluble state could impact the solubility, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals in the environment." | ( Complexation and conformation of lead ion with poly-γ-glutamic acid in soluble state. Liu, Y; Lu, S; Shi, Q; Shu, X; Wang, L; Xie, X, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Adoption of transgenic techniques for development of rice cultivars with low accumulation in edible plant parts could be a realistic option that would permit rice cultivation in soils with high bioavailability of these metal(loid)s." | ( Metal(loid)s (As, Hg, Se, Pb and Cd) in paddy soil: Bioavailability and potential risk to human health. Bhaduri, D; Chatterjee, D; Khanam, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, U; Mohanty, S; Nayak, AK; Panneerselvam, P; Pathak, H; Satapathy, BS; Shahid, M; Tripathi, R; Vijayakumar, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " We estimate the absolute oral bioavailability of metals in crayfish tissues by means of in vitro bioaccessibility simulations, and assess whether their consumption may imply a health risk for humans by estimating target hazard quotients and safe consumption rates." | ( Food safety risk assessment of metal pollution in crayfish from two historical mining areas: Accounting for bioavailability and cooking extractability. Mateo, R; Morales-Machuca, C; Ortiz-Santaliestra, ME; Pareja-Carrera, J; Rodríguez-Estival, J, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " For humans, the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) assesses oral bioaccessibility, while for soil fauna such as land snails, the bioaccumulation test reflects the bioavailability of contaminants." | ( Bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in soils to humans and their bioavailability to snails: A way to associate human health and ecotoxicological risk assessment? de Vaufleury, A; Douay, F; Gimbert, F; Louzon, M; Morin-Crini, N; Pauget, B; Pelfrêne, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " One realistic method is the assisted phytostabilization, which aims at establishing a vegetation cover on the soil that will reduce metal(loid) bioavailability and spreading through the prevention of wind erosion and water leaching." | ( Contrasted tolerance of Agrostis capillaris metallicolous and non-metallicolous ecotypes in the context of a mining technosol amended by biochar, compost and iron sulfate. Bourgerie, S; Gaillard, M; Lebrun, M; Miard, F; Morabito, D; Nandillon, R; Sabatier, S, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 was found to possess the strongest ability of lead absorbing and tolerance, with the rate of absorption as high as 99." | ( Evaluation and Proteomic Analysis of Lead Adsorption by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Liu, S; Luo, T; Ma, Y; Sarwar, A; Yang, Z; Zhao, X; Zheng, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Environmental acidification increases lead's bioavailability and mobility thus intensifying human, animal and plant exposures." | ( Lead seasonality in humans, animals, and the natural environment. Levin, R; Mordarski, DC; Rosenbaum, MH; Zilli Vieira, CL, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "In this study, the predominant Pb minerals prior to and after Pb relative bioavailability (Pb-RBA) and Pb bioaccessibility (Pb-BAc) tests were identified using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) and XRD (X-ray diffraction)." | ( Comparison of in vitro models in a mice model and investigation of the changes in Pb speciation during Pb bioavailability assessments. Dong, Z; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Ma, LQ; Naidu, R; Sanderson, P; Wijayawardena, A; Yan, K, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The results showed that the bioavailability of Pb and As in the soil and their accumulation in the seedlings were reduced when PFM was added to the soil." | ( Phosphate-modified ferric-based material remediates lead and arsenic co-contaminated soil and enhances maize seedling growth. Li, Y; Lu, M; Tu, N; Yuan, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " TG addition significantly improved the rice plants growth and reduced the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and As." | ( Simultaneous immobilization of the cadmium, lead and arsenic in paddy soils amended with titanium gypsum. Chen, J; Chen, Z; Dai, Y; Gustave, W; Liu, X; Maguffin, SC; Qiu, D; Tang, X; Xu, J; Yuan, H; Zhai, W; Zhao, W, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Heavy metals are the most prevalent pollutants globally, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Regional-scale investigation of dissolved organic matter and lead binding in a large impacted lake with a focus on environmental risk assessment. Deng, J; Li, B; Qin, B; Tefsen, B; Wells, M; Zhang, X, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Additionally, its low cost and bioavailability are attractive." | ( Removal of copper(II) ions and lead(II) from aqueous solutions using seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss as bioadsorvent. Costa, WD; Coutinho, HDM; da Costa, JGM; da Cunha, FAB; da Silva Bento, AM; de Araújo, JAS; de Paula Filho, FJ; Menezes, JMC; Pereira Teixeira, RN, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Calcium can reduce the accumulation and toxicity of several metals, but soil acidification in cities leads to a decrease in bioavailability of this element." | ( Consequences of trace metal cocktail exposure in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and effect of calcium supplementation. Bleu, J; Boos, A; Del Nero, M; El Masoudi, I; Massemin, S; Ronot, P; Saulnier, A; Zahn, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " However, the inner relation between metal bioavailability to soil organisms and the presence of HA with different molecular weight (Mw) is not well documented." | ( The vital function of humic acid with different molecular weight in controlling Cd and Pb bioavailability and toxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in soil. Bai, H; He, M; Jiang, Z; Luo, M; Wei, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The study aims to investigate effect of earthworm activity on metal bioavailability in soils using their BSAF-metals." | ( Assessment of earthworm activity on Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn bioavailability in contaminated soils using biota to soil accumulation factor and DTPA extraction. Chen, XF; Dai, J; Li, MH; Liu, K; Motelica-Heino, M; Wu, JL; Xiao, L; Zhang, C; Zhao, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Relevant literature from the past 20 years encompassing comprehensive details on Pb toxicity has been considered with key issues such as i) Pb bioavailability in soil, ii) Pb biomagnification, and iii) Pb- remediation, which has been addressed in detail through physical, chemical, and biological lenses." | ( Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. A Khan, S; Chaturvedi, AK; Gupta, DK; Kumar, A; M M S, CP; Malyan, SK; Mondal, R; S Kumar, S; Shabnam, AA; Subrahmanyam, G; Yadav, KK, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The order of mobility and bioavailability of the metals was as follows: Pb > Cd > Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu." | ( Metal pollution and human health risk assessment of soils and edible plants in farmlands around Enyigba lead-zinc mining site, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Aloh, GO; Aloke, C; Amadi, SO; Nweze, E; Obasi, NA; Obasi, SE, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In this paper, we study the use of mineral blocks (MBs) as a potential alternative by which to reduce the oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in polluted soils by means of a simplified in vitro assay simulating gastrointestinal pH conditions." | ( In vitro assessment of mineral blocks as a cost-effective measure to reduce oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in livestock. Martinez-Haro, M; Mateo, R; Pareja-Carrera, J; Rodríguez-Estival, J, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "5-180) (5%) amendment reduced the bioavailability (EX- and CB-fraction) of Pb and Sb by 25 and 40%, respectively, which were 8 and 5 times higher than that of pristine rice husk hydrochar (HC0-180) (5%) amendment." | ( Iron-modified rice husk hydrochar and its immobilization effect for Pb and Sb in contaminated soil. Hu, D; Shen, M; Teng, F; Wang, D; Zhang, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in mineral clay samples collected from the Sierra Mountains (USA) using the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (UBM) method and the Caco-2 permeability assay, respectively." | ( In-vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of heavy metals in mineral clay complex used in natural health products. Chen, X; Kitts, DD; Singh, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " This is ascribed to that the competition effects of ions released from biochar enhanced the moving of heavy metals from iron and manganese oxides bound form to organic matter bound form, and hence enhanced the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Soil Using Biochars Derived from Pig Manure and Suaeda glauca. Feng, Y; Jia, W; Lin, Q; Liu, Y; Wang, F; Xiao, H; Yin, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Changes in seawater pH can alter the chemical speciation of waterborne chemical elements, affecting their bioavailability and, consequently, their bioaccumulation in marine organisms." | ( Influence of pH on Pb accumulation in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Belivermiş, M; Besson, M; Metian, M; Oberhaensli, F; Swarzenski, P; Taylor, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Most analytical methods used for estimating the bioavailability of sediment heavy metals have not been biologically validated by correlation with an aquatic organism's response." | ( Use of embedded Chelex chelating resin and sediment toxicity bioassays with medaka embryos to determine the bioavailability and toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment. Chen, GW; Chen, PJ; Lee, DY, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The sequential fractionation revealed that the bioavailability of Pb, Zn, and Cd follows the orders F5 > F3 » F4 > F2 » F1, F5 > F3 » F4 » F2 > F1 and F5 > F2 » F4 > F1, respectively; their associations with organic matter and residual sulfides (F4) are relatively low." | ( Evaluation of pollution by heavy metals of an abandoned Pb-Zn mine in northern Tunisia using sequential fractionation and geostatistical mapping. Abdelmalek-Babbou, C; Chaabani, A; Chaabani, F; Dhahri, F; Helali, MA; Sebei, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " It is necessary to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on heavy metal bioavailability so as to select suitable immobilization agents." | ( Effect of immobilizing reagents on soil Cd and Pb lability under freeze-thaw cycles: Implications for sustainable agricultural management in seasonally frozen land. Hou, D; Hou, R; O'Connor, D; Rinklebe, J; Tsang, DCW; Wang, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "5%) of raw and Fe/Mn- and P- modified Al-WTR on the bioavailability and uptake of Cu and Pb by ryegrass in Cu and Pb contaminated mining soil." | ( Fe/Mn- and P-modified drinking water treatment residuals reduced Cu and Pb phytoavailability and uptake in a mining soil. Abdelrahman, H; Bolan, N; Jiang, Y; Kwon, E; Li, R; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Slaný, M; Wang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The effective states, bioavailability and relative mobilities of Cu and Pb in soil were also efficiently reduced by MC, which also increased the stability of these elements, thereby lowering the risk to soil health." | ( Removal of Cu and Pb from contaminated agricultural soil using mixed chelators of fulvic acid potassium and citric acid. Cheng, S; Lin, Q; Luo, H; Wang, Y; Wen, X; Wu, L; Xiao, R; Zhong, Q, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The present study investigated the effects of foliar application of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on bioavailability of Zn and Se and toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to different water spinach ecotypes (LA and HA) grown in slightly (XZ) or moderately (LJY) contaminated fields via in vitro digestion combined with Caco-2/HL-7702 cell model." | ( Foliar application of zinc and selenium alleviates cadmium and lead toxicity of water spinach - Bioavailability/cytotoxicity study with human cell lines. Feng, Y; Hamid, Y; He, Z; Liu, D; Shohag, MJI; Tang, L; Yang, X; Zehra, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " This feature may affect the distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Comparative analysis of kinetics and mechanisms for Pb(II) sorption onto three kinds of microplastics. Hu, B; Hu, Y; Lin, Z; Wang, B; Yuan, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "The effect of plant roots in modifying Pb solubility and bioavailability in an historically contaminated orchard (Hudson) and a Pb phosphate-spiked (Arkport) soil was determined by measuring soluble Pb in the soil solutions as well as content of Pb in radish shoots grown in these soils." | ( Rhizosphere effect on Pb solubility and phytoavailability in Pb-Contaminated soils. Huang, S; Li, X; McBride, MB, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Here, we evaluate the effect of mineral supplements, in the form of a commercial mineral block (MB), to reduce Pb bioavailability and toxicity in sheep through an experimental approach under real farming conditions in an abandoned mining area." | ( Effect of mineral supplementation on lead bioavailability and toxicity biomarkers in sheep exposed to mining pollution. Martinez-Haro, M; Mateo, R; Pareja-Carrera, J; Rodríguez-Estival, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw (RawBC) and iron (Fe)-modified biochar (FeBC) derived from Platanus orientalis Linn branches on the plant growth, enzyme activity, and bioavailability and uptake of As, Cd, and Pb by rice in a paddy soil with continuously flooded (CF) or alternately wet and dry (AWD) irrigation in a pot experiment." | ( Iron-modified biochar and water management regime-induced changes in plant growth, enzyme activities, and phytoavailability of arsenic, cadmium and lead in a paddy soil. Chen, H; Hou, D; Li, Y; Liang, Y; Pohořelý, M; Rinklebe, J; Sarkar, B; Shaheen, SM; Song, H; Wang, H; Wen, E; Wong, JWC; Wu, F; Xu, S; Yang, X, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry results suggest that the adsorption of Pb on the surface of SWCNTs could attenuate the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb in A549 cells." | ( Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Attenuate Cytotoxic and Oxidative Stress Response of Pb in Human Lung Epithelial (A549) Cells. Ahamed, M; Akhtar, MJ; Khan, MAM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Hydroxypyromorphite (HPM) is a low-solubility Pb phosphate mineral that has the potential to limit solubility and bioavailability of Pb in soils and water." | ( Aqueous solubility of Pb at equilibrium with hydroxypyromorphite over a range of phosphate concentrations. Li, X; McBride, MB; Zhou, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| ", carbonate, chloride, phosphate [P], or sulfate) to convert native Pb species to PLJ and used a mouse assay to assess relative bioavailability (RBA) of Pb in untreated (U) and remediated soils." | ( Bioavailable soil Pb minimized by in situ transformation to plumbojarosite. Bradham, K; Diamond, G; Elek, B; Herbin-Davis, K; Karna, RR; Nelson, C; Noerpel, MR; Scheckel, KG; Thomas, DJ, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Three soil types with different physicochemical properties were selected to evaluate their effect on lead and cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in the land snail Helix aspersa." | ( Dose-dependent effects of lead and cadmium and the influence of soil properties on their uptake by Helix aspersa: an ecotoxicity test approach. Belhiouani, H; Cheriti, O; Sahli, L; Sahraoui, AS; van Gestel, CAM; Verweij, RA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " To reduce the uncertainty derived from soil characteristics, bioaccessibility and predicted bioavailability data were included in the assessment." | ( Bioaccessibility and human exposure to metals in urban soils (Huelva, SW Spain): evaluation by in vitro gastric extraction. Castillo, J; Delgado, J; Gómez-Arias, A; Guillén, MT; Nieto-Liñán, JM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In this study, the influence of culinary treatments on the total concentration and on the bioavailability of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in shark, shrimp, squid, oyster, and scallop was assessed." | ( Influence of culinary treatment on the concentration and on the bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead in seafood. Caruso, J; Druzian, GT; Flores, EMM; Landero, JA; Mesko, MF; Novo, DR; Schmidt, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Total concentration and bioavailability of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in seafood after all these culinary treatments were compared with those in uncooked samples." | ( Influence of culinary treatment on the concentration and on the bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead in seafood. Caruso, J; Druzian, GT; Flores, EMM; Landero, JA; Mesko, MF; Novo, DR; Schmidt, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Cadmium concentration was reduced in scallop after some culinary treatments (reduction o 37-53% after boiling, frying, and sautéing), but bioavailability percentage was not influenced." | ( Influence of culinary treatment on the concentration and on the bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead in seafood. Caruso, J; Druzian, GT; Flores, EMM; Landero, JA; Mesko, MF; Novo, DR; Schmidt, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Results of BCF indicate Pb, and Cd has absorption rate in Capsicum towards." | ( Investigation of plant contamination to Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd and its relationship with spectral reflections. Coulon, F; Mokarram, M; Pourghasemi, HR, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Simultaneously, the absorption rate of grain Pb demonstrated a dynamic trend of "N" shape." | ( Mechanism of Pb absorption in wheat grains. Liu, F; Ma, C; Xie, P; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, K; Zhao, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Ecological soil quality standards for lead (Pb) that account for soil Pb bioavailability have not yet been derived." | ( Bioavailability and Ecotoxicity of Lead in Soil: Implications for Setting Ecological Soil Quality Standards. Chowdhury, MJ; Lanno, R; Oorts, K; Smolders, E, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Rhizosphere acidification in leguminous plants can release P from the dissolution of phosphate compounds which can reduce Pb bioavailability to them via the formation of insoluble Pb compounds in their rhizosphere." | ( Impacts of oxalic acid-activated phosphate rock and root-induced changes on Pb bioavailability in the rhizosphere and its distribution in mung bean plant. Adnan Ramzani, PM; Farhad, M; Iqbal, M; Karczewska, A; Khan, MA; Khan, SA; Lewińska, K; Rasool, B; Tauqeer, HM; Turan, V; Ur-Rahman, M; Zubair, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates." | ( Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure. Awad, M; Brestic, M; Dessoky, ES; El Sabagh, A; Liu, Z; Mbarki, S; Rastogi, A; Skalicky, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Quantification of ultra-trace inorganic and organic species of lead and mercury in unpolluted environmental water is crucial to estimate the mobility, toxicity and bioavailability and interactions." | ( Simultaneous enrichment of inorganic and organic species of lead and mercury in pg L Cheng, H; Liu, J; Ma, Q; Song, Y; Wang, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Both soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted to assess the effect of OSiF and MSiF on bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their accumulation in rice." | ( Effect of organosilicone and mineral silicon fertilizers on chemical forms of cadmium and lead in soil and their accumulation in rice. Liang, Y; Mei, Y; Peng, M; Tan, L; Xiao, Z, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Animal bioassays have been developed to estimate oral relative bioavailability (RBA) of metals in soil, dust, or food for accurate health risk assessment." | ( An interlaboratory evaluation of the variability in arsenic and lead relative bioavailability when assessed using a mouse bioassay. Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, MY; Li, SW; Liang, JH; Ma, LQ; Ning, H; Wang, MY; Xue, RY, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Biochar decreased the bioavailability of Cu and Pb in soil and the Cu content in pepper leaves." | ( Synergistic effects of biochar and biostimulants on nutrient and toxic element uptake by pepper in contaminated soils. Antón-Herrero, R; Camacho-Arévalo, R; Eymar, E; García-Delgado, C; Mayans, B; Moreno-Jiménez, E; Plaza, C; Vega-Jara, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Soil samples were analysed for their total content of Co, Fe, Pb, U and Zn by XRF, and subsequently, the potential environmental bioavailability of these metals were investigated by DGT and pore water analysis." | ( Lability and bioavailability of Co, Fe, Pb, U and Zn in a uranium mining restoration site using DGT and phytoscreening. Chang, HK; Elias, LP; Gemeiner, H; Matavelli Rosa, AE; Menegário, AA; Pedrobom, JH; Santos, CA; Williams, PN, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "5% and 1% alkaline, clay mineral and phosphorus amendments, as well as 2% and 5% organic amendments, on lead (Pb) soil bioavailability and Pb absorption by the low-Pb accumulator kumquat (Citrus japonica Thunb." | ( Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Pb Bioavailability and Pb Absorption by a low-Pb Accumulator Kumquat Grown in Two Types of Pb-Contaminated Soils. Bian, J; Chen, T; Guo, J; He, M; Ma, C; Meng, X; Yang, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Meanwhile, application of P compounds to soils decreases the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Effect of alkaline lignin on immobilization of cadmium and lead in soils and the associated mechanisms. Dai, Z; He, L; Liu, X; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Pb bioavailability can be reduced by the application of CMC-nClAP, SDS-nClAP and Rha-nClAP with the maximum increases of residual fraction to 57." | ( Response of microorganisms to phosphate nanoparticles in Pb polluted sediment: Implications of Pb bioavailability, enzyme activities and bacterial community. Cheng, M; Hu, L; Wan, J; Xiong, W; Zhang, C; Zhou, C, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The contamination and bioavailability of deleterious metals in arable soils significantly limits crop development and yield." | ( Low levels of TiO Dias, CM; Mariz-Ponte, N; Santos, C; Silva, AMS; Silva, S, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In addition, the results from the kinetic study demonstrated that the second order model provided the best description for the release patterns of the main metal contaminants in the bioavailability and bioaccessibility tests." | ( The geochemical behaviors of potentially toxic elements in a typical lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) smelter contaminated soil with quantitative mineralogical assessments. An, BH; Fu, RB; Wang, JX; Xu, DM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Knowledge of the essential and nonessential elements distribution and behavior in Antarctic fish is important for understanding the essentiality and requirements of minerals in the diet of those species, as well as the bioavailability and storage of trace minerals in the tissues of fishes." | ( Concentration and Distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Mackerel Icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) in South Georgia, Antarctic, During Winter. Li, Y; Liu, H; Wang, D; Zhu, G, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The phytoremediation efficiency is largely depends on the bioavailability of heavy metal in soil." | ( Combination application of elemental sulfur and earthworm increased the lead (Pb) uptake by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in contaminated agricultural soil. Gong, P; Lv, W; Qin, Q; Song, K; Sun, L; Sun, Y; Xue, Y; Zhang, H, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In the context of sustaining soil functions associated with food safety, the bioavailability of HMs should be reduced to a minimum needed for adequate plant nutrition." | ( Elucidating the effect and mechanism of the brown coal-based amendment on plant availability of zinc, lead and cadmium in a Haplic Luvisols. Kwiatkowska-Malina, J; Maciejewska, A, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Phosphate (P) minerals and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) play essential roles in lead (Pb) immobilization, but their roles in driving Pb bioavailability and ecological risks in red soil remains poorly understood." | ( Enhanced Lead (Pb) immobilization in red soil by phosphate solubilizing fungi associated with tricalcium phosphate influencing microbial community composition and Pb translocation in Lactuca sativa L. Deng, S; Ge, F; Hao, S; Li, F; Tian, J; Wang, P; Zhang, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The concentration and bioavailability of Pb in the soil were significantly lower than those of atmospherically deposited Pb (P < 0." | ( Relative contribution of environmental medium and internal organs to lead accumulation of wheat grain. Du, J; Hu, H; Lin, L; Liu, F; Ma, C; Xie, P; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, K, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Potential mobility and bioavailability of Cu and Pb are investigated using BCR sequential extraction in the 35 day remediation experiment." | ( Remediation of copper and lead contaminated sediments using iron-based granule biochar: mechanisms and enzyme activity. Gao, W; Gu, C; Shi, M; Song, L; Wang, Z; Wu, Y; Xuan, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The results illuminated that pyrolysis temperature is a crucial factor of fraction and bioavailability of Mn and other heavy metals in the resultant biochar and pyrolysis temperature under 450 °C may be most suitable for reutilization without potential risk." | ( Reutilization of manganese enriched biochar derived from Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. residue after phytoremediation for lead and tetracycline removal. Chen, H; Chi, T; Du, C; Liu, B; Wu, H; Yu, G; Zhou, L; Zhu, X, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and the physiological activities of rice determine the accumulation of heavy metals in brown rice." | ( [Inhibitory Effects of Soil Amendment Coupled with Water Management on the Accumulation of Cd and Pb in Double-Cropping Rice]. Ai, SY; Li, LF; Li, Q; Li, YC; Tang, MD; Wang, YH, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Continuous flooding has been widely used in paddy field to decrease the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s by rice due to their decreased solubility and bioavailability of most heavy metal(loid)s under water flooding condition." | ( The effect of water flooding at grain-filling stage on the uptake of heavy metal(loid)s by rice in slightly alkaline paddy soil. Zhou, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " According to RAC classification and potential ecological risk index (PERI), the Cd with high bioavailability had a very high environmental risk." | ( Heavy metals speciation and distribution of microbial communities in sediments from the abandoned Mo-Ni polymetallic mines, southwest of China. Cai, S; Cheng, J; Dai, Y; Wang, Q; Zhou, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Biochar can reduce lead (Pb) bioavailability to plants in metal-contaminated soil, but the ability of biochar to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb to people and wildlife remains unknown." | ( The effects of biochar and redox conditions on soil Pb bioaccessibility to people and waterfowl. Eckley, CS; Johnson, MG; Luxton, TP; Plunkett, SA, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Here we investigated the potential of phosphorus-solubilizing fungus, Penicillium oxalicum SL2, on regulating the bioavailability of Pb in a lead (Pb) polluted soil-rice system." | ( Penicillium oxalicum SL2 as a sustainable option to mitigate the accumulation of Pb in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Jiang, X; Luo, Y; Shi, J; Tong, J; Wu, H; Xu, Q, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Besides, the available state of As gradually decreased from 74% (400 °C) to 41% (800 °C), indicating that the increase of temperature significantly reduced the bioavailability of As." | ( Potentially toxic elements in smoke particles and residual ashes by biomass combustion from Huangshi National Mine Park, China. Li, K; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Tian, Z; Ye, X; Zhou, B, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The effects of passivators on soil physicochemical properties, bioavailability of the heavy metals Cd and Pb, and the yield and plant (stalk and seed) content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in low-accumulation maize were investigated under different grouping conditions of calcite+slaked lime (CL), calcite+zeolite (CZ), calcite+biochar (CB), and calcite+slaked lime+zeolite+biochar (CLZB)." | ( [Synergistic Repair Effect of Calcite-Based Passivator and Low-Accumulation Maize]. Du, QQ; Li, JT; Ren, C; Ren, YZ; Wang, H; Xiao, JH; Zhao, R; Zhu, LW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Inappropriate management adopted in the assessed sites and terrain slope and the intensive use of mineral (phosphate and potassium) and organic (poultry litter) fertilizers were the main factors contributing to increase soil Cd and Pb pseudo-total and bioavailability contents." | ( Cadmium and lead transfer factors to kale plants (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) grown in mountain agroecosystem and its risk to human health. da Fonseca Breda, FA; da Mota Gonçalves, RG; de Souza, CDCB; do Amaral Sobrinho, NMB; do Carmo, MGF; Dos Santos, CA; Lima, ESA, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The present study is based on the measurement of potentially toxic metal contents employing various extraction methodologies aimed at the evaluation of their mobility, bioaccessibility and bioavailability in the urban soil (n = 56) of Lahore, Pakistan." | ( Mobility, bioaccessibility, pollution assessment and risk characterization of potentially toxic metals in the urban soil of Lahore, Pakistan. Khan, YK; Shah, MH; Toqeer, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Identifying the bioavailability and release-desorption mechanism of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is critical to understand the release risk of HMs." | ( The mechanistic investigation of geochemical fractionation, bioavailability and release kinetic of heavy metals in contaminated soil of a typical copper-smelter. Chen, W; Cheng, C; Hu, T; Liu, W; Mao, Y; Qi, S; Shi, M; Xing, X; Zhang, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Composting process reduced the bioavailability of Cu (49." | ( Effects of phosphate-containing additives and zeolite on maturity and heavy metal passivation during pig manure composting. Kong, Y; Li, G; Liu, Y; Ma, R; Tang, R; Wang, J; Yuan, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Subacute dietary exposure of mice receiving treated soil resulted in modulation of the fecal intestinal flora, which coincided with reduced relative Pb bioavailability in the bone, blood and kidney and differences in Pb speciation compared to untreated soil." | ( Ingestion of remediated lead-contaminated soils affects the fecal microbiome of mice. Bradham, KD; Devereux, R; Diamond, GL; George, SE; James, J; Scheckel, KG; Thomas, DJ; Wan, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Ni, however, was contained in poorly bioavailable fractions and therefore presented a low risk to soils." | ( Metal speciation in sludges: a tool to evaluate risks of land application and to track heavy metal contamination in sewage network. Cherfouh, R; Derridj, A; Lucas, Y; Merdy, P, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The gut microbes not only can be affected by environmental contaminants but they themselves can alter the speciation and bioavailability of these contaminants." | ( Differential toxicity of potentially toxic elements to human gut microbes. Bolan, N; Bolan, S; Grainge, I; Kunhikrishnan, A; Naidu, R; Seshadri, B; Talley, NJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The bioavailability of the contaminants in the rhizosphere is affected by the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the rhizosphere." | ( Assess long-term As, Pb and Cr contamination and uptake by Eriocaulon decangulare in the Apalachicola National Forest. Chen, G; Drake, J; Ibeanusi, V; Medley, P; Qi, L; Vernon, J; Wang, B; Wu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Compared with the CK group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Lysobacter decreased, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Pontibacter, and Alkaliphilus increased with SSB and RSB treatments, all of which reflected the bioavailability of Cd and Pb reduction." | ( Immobilization of Cd and Pb in soil facilitated by magnetic biochar: metal speciation and microbial community evolution. Dan, Y; Diao, Y; Ji, M; Sang, W; Wang, X; Zhou, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Toxicity, mobility, bioavailability and biofunctions of chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead are heavily dependent upon their specific chemical forms, leading to a high demand to metal speciation analysis rather than total quantification." | ( Simultaneous measurements of Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb species in ng L Cheng, H; Guo, F; Liu, J; Song, Y; Wang, Y; Zeng, P, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Biosynthetic nano-selenium (bio-SeNP), as a plant growth regulator, has better bioavailability and lower toxicity than selenite and selenate." | ( Foliar application of biosynthetic nano-selenium alleviates the toxicity of Cd, Pb, and Hg in Brassica chinensis by inhibiting heavy metal adsorption and improving antioxidant system in plant. Dong, Y; Jin, H; Zhu, N; Zhu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Heavy metals in both gastric and small intestinal phases were prone to release from PVC microplastics when bioaccessibility was evaluated with the in vitro SBRC (Soluble Bioavailability Research Consortium) digestion model." | ( Bioaccessibility of microplastic-associated heavy metals using an in vitro digestion model and its implications for human health risk assessment. Chen, XJ; Hu, GR; Ma, JJ; Yan, Y; Yu, RL, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "This study aimed to establish the distribution of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the main tissues (muscle, liver, gonads, and gills) of the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) from the northern Gulf of California to establish baseline bioavailability levels in the northern stock." | ( Tissue dynamics of potential toxic elements in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus): distribution and the public health risk assessment. Acosta-Lizárraga, LG; Bergés-Tiznado, ME; Bojórquez-Sánchez, C; Márquez-Farías, JF; Páez-Osuna, F; Zamora-García, OG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Dissolved organic matter (DOM), a ubiquitous ligand for heavy metals, plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and fate of heavy metals in the environment." | ( Kinetics of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) release from fulvic acid: Role of re-association reactions and quantitative models. Ding, Z; Li, R; Shi, Z; Ye, Q, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The soil environmental pollution situation has been severe in recent years, but studies on evaluating with bioavailability testing and prediction models are lacking, which makes it difficult to accurately assess the ecological risks of contaminated soil." | ( [Effect Factors and Model Prediction of Soil Heavy Metal Bioaccessibility]. Liu, ZT; Luo, JJ; Tian, B; Wang, XN; Wu, F; Zhang, C; Zhang, JW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In this paper, 26 soil samples were analyzed to assess the speciation, bioavailability and human health risk of Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in urban soils of a heavy industrial city in NE China by using a Monte Carlo simulation approach." | ( Bioavailability and health risk of toxic heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb and Cd) in urban soils: A Monte Carlo simulation approach. Martín, JD; Wang, H; Yang, Q; Zhang, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " It is essential to know about the fate and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) for further utilisation of animal manure." | ( Review on fate and bioavailability of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion and composting of animal manure. Li, S; Liu, F; Wang, H; Wu, Q; Xiao, Z; Zheng, X; Zou, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "In the present study, we assessed the use of existing user-friendly bioavailability tools to predict metal bioavailability and the risk of toxicity in a typical Nigerian surface water." | ( Predicting Metal Bioavailability and Risk of Toxicity in Nigerian Surface Waters: Are the Existing User-Friendly Bioavailability Tools Applicable? Bawa-Allah, KA; Bulama, H; Hamzat, SA; Moiett, DM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " For the three biochar materials, S/Fe-BC showed the best effects on reducing the bioavailability of As and Pb, with a decrease of 40." | ( A comparative and modeled approach for three biochar materials in simultaneously preventing the migration and reducing the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soil: Revealing immobilization mechanisms. Cao, X; Liang, W; Lou, Z; Peng, C; Tariq, M; Wan, J; Wang, G; Zhang, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " A 120-day incubation study examined the effects of alkaline lignin on Cd, Pb and P bioavailability and transformation in Cd or Cd/Pb co-contaminated red and cinnamon soils and elucidated the associated mechanisms." | ( Alkaline lignin does not immobilize cadmium in soils but decreases cadmium accumulation in the edible part of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Dai, Z; He, L; Hong, Z; Lin, J; Liu, X; Tang, C; Xu, J; Yu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In summary, this study indicates that biochar amendment in contaminated soils not only improves plant growth but also lowers the rates of soil and plant toxicity and metal bioavailability as well." | ( Effect of biochar amendment on metal mobility, phytotoxicity, soil enzymes, and metal-uptakes by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in contaminated soils. Chand, N; Pandey, B; Suthar, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The aim of this study was to assess the chronic toxicity of a contaminated soil by waste from an abandoned gold mine on Lactuca sativa and its relationship with the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb." | ( Chronic toxicity, bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in Lactuca sativa exposed to waste from an abandoned gold mine. Bargiela, MF; Calabró, MR; Crespo, DC; Roqueiro, G; Tapia, R; Young, BJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Microbial induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP) is an advanced bioremediation technology to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), but the high level of HMs would inhibit the growth of phosphate solubilizing microbes." | ( Remediation of chromium, zinc, arsenic, lead and antimony contaminated acidic mine soil based on Phanerochaete chrysosporium induced phosphate precipitation. He, N; Hu, L; Jiang, C; Li, M, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In the present study, seaweed organic fertilizer (S), apatite (A), biochar (B), and seaweed organic fertilizer-apatite-biochar mixtures (SAB) were applied at different rates to assess their influence on cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) bioavailability in contaminated farmland soils, using different component ratios and doses in maize field plots, and maize yield." | ( Combined apatite, biochar, and organic fertilizer application for heavy metal co-contaminated soil remediation reduces heavy metal transport and alters soil microbial community structure. Hong, Y; Hu, Y; Jiao, Y; Li, D; Li, Z; Wang, B; Xie, C; Yin, J; Zhang, K; Zheng, X; Zhu, Z, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The present study aims to investigate the changes of PTEs' bioavailability to durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf." | ( Fire-induced effects on the bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in a polluted agricultural soil: implications for Cr uptake by durum wheat plants. Allegretta, I; Celletti, S; Cesco, S; Gattullo, CE; Mimmo, T; Porfido, C; Rascio, I; Spagnuolo, M; Terzano, R; Tiziani, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This study suggests that the MLR-based approach may facilitate the adoption of updated site-specific metals standards that more accurately account for the parameters affecting metal bioavailability than metal concentration standard alone." | ( Developing ecological risk assessment of metals released from sediment based on sediment quality guidelines linking with the properties: A case study for Kaohsiung Harbor. Chen, CF; Chen, CW; Dong, CD; Ju, YR; Lim, YC; Tsai, CY, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Bioavailability has been increasingly used for human health risk assessment of heavy metals in contaminated soils." | ( Does freeze-thaw action affect the extractability and bioavailability of Pb and As in contaminated soils? Gu, Q; Jones, KC; Ma, F; Shen, J; Sun, Y; Sun, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Among strategies for the long-term management of this risk, one of the most cost-effective is the reduction of Pb mobility and bioavailability via amendment with phosphorus-containing materials." | ( Bioaccessibility of Pb in health-related size fractions of contaminated soils amended with phosphate. Ajmone-Marsan, F; Giordano, A; Li, Y; Padoan, E, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Correlation analysis showed that Cu bioavailability and bioconcentration factor were positively correlated with CuT1 inoculation." | ( Effect of Novosphingobium sp. CuT1 inoculation on the rhizoremediation of heavy metal- and diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue. Cho, KS; Lee, SY; Lee, YY, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Cd was the most polluted heavy metal with the highest bioavailability risk." | ( Heavy metals speciation in surface sediments of the Cross River Estuary, Gulf of Guinea, South East Nigeria. Dan, SF; Ding, S; Lu, D; Udoh, EC; Wang, Q; Wijesiri, B; Yang, B; Zhou, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " To better know the potential risk of PTEs in the urban soil environment, geochemical fractionation, bioaccessibility, and potential bioavailability of four PTEs (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were investigated by the combined use of different methods." | ( Combining DGT with bioaccessibility methods as tool to estimate potential bioavailability and release of PTEs in the urban soil environment. Ajmone-Marsan, F; Li, Y; Padoan, E, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The bioavailabilities of different metals varied significantly, among which Cd has the highest bioavailability (> 30%)." | ( Driving effects and transfer prediction of heavy metal(loid)s in contaminated courtyard gardens using redundancy analysis and multilayer perceptron. Chen, W; Ge, D; Hao, H; Li, P; Li, Y; Lv, Y; Xu, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In conclusion, essential and toxic trace elements concentrations in the blood of nesting Kemp's ridley turtles may be a reflex of the ecosystem in which the turtles develop, that is, with low bioavailability of elements observed in the trophic webs in the Gulf of Mexico." | ( Trace elements concentration in blood of nesting Kemp's Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Acosta-Sánchez, HH; Aguirre, AA; Camacho-Sánchez, FY; Espinoza-Romo, BA; Hart, CE; Leal-Moreno, R; Leal-Sepúlveda, V; Ley-Quiñónez, CP; Reyes-López, MA; Zavala-Félix, KA; Zavala-Norzagaray, AA, 2022) | 0.72 |
| ", moisture content and bulk density) and bioavailability of several metals (e." | ( Eco-geological consequences of textile processing wastes: Risk assessment, elemental dissolution kinetics, and health hazard potential. Bhattacharya, SS; Das, S; Kim, KH; Paul, S; Pegu, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " They can provide direct evidence of the bioavailability and accumulation of heavy metal elements in the environment." | ( Tissue distribution and association of heavy metal accumulation in a free-living resident passerine bird tree sparrow Passer montanus. Ding, J; Wang, S; Yang, W; Yu, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Twenty years after the accident, although the area is considered to be recovered, residual contamination in soils persists, and the bioavailability of some contaminants, such as As, is showing trends of increasing." | ( Ecotoxicological risk assessment in soils contaminated by Pb and As 20 years after a mining spill. Aguilar-Garrido, A; Martínez-Garzón, FJ; Paniagua-López, M; Pastor-Jáuregui, R; Romero-Freire, A; Sierra-Aragón, M, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Comparing the biota among estuaries, levels were highest for Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn in Paranaguá, As in Cananéia, and Ni in Santos; results justified due to anthropogenic activities, natural sources, and geochemical and hydrodynamics characteristics of each region that affect the bioavailability of metals." | ( Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in estuaries in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Domit, C; Figueira, RCL; Santos, MCO; Trevizani, TH, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This study aims to explore the effects of microbiological inoculation with and without biochar on microorganisms and on the bioavailability of heavy metals during pig manure composting." | ( Microbiological inoculation with and without biochar reduces the bioavailability of heavy metals by microbial correlation in pig manure composting. Long, M; Lu, Y; Sun, L; Sun, X; Tai, X; Tang, D; Wang, J; Wu, R, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Microbial impact on Pb mobility in soil and bioavailability as well as bacterial resistance to Pb are considered." | ( Sporadic Pb accumulation by plants: Influence of soil biogeochemistry, microbial community and physiological mechanisms. Clemens, S; Huang, S; Ju, Y; Li, Y; Liu, X; Ma, LQ; Mandzhieva, S; Minkina, T; Pinskii, D; Rajput, VD; Rensing, C; Roane, T, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The speciation of dissolved trace metals is important due to its closely linkage with toxicity and bioavailability in seawater." | ( The distribution and speciation of dissolved Cd and Pb in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, China. Li, L; Liu, J; Ren, Y; Shi, X; Wang, X; Zhang, C, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " As soil amendments, bovine bone meal (BM) and oyster shell meal (OS) reduced the mobility and bioavailability of metals primarily by increasing soil pH." | ( Application of bovine bone meal and oyster shell meal to heavy metals polluted soil: Vegetable safety and bacterial community. Lai, W; Lu, G; Tao, X; Wang, M; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zou, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The biogeochemical characteristics of soils are directly responsible for the mobility and bioavailability of risk elements, which include pH, redox potential, dissolved organic carbon, clay content, Fe/Mn/Al oxides, and microbial transformations." | ( The fate of secondary metabolites in plants growing on Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated soils-a comprehensive review. Asare, MO; Száková, J; Tlustoš, P, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, the ability of a range of Ca minerals to reduce oral bioavailability of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) from indoor dust remains unclear." | ( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "This study evaluated the ability of Ca minerals to reduce Pb, Cd, and As oral bioavailability from indoor dust and associated mechanisms." | ( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Our study used a mouse model of exposure to household dust with various concentrations and species of Ca to determine whether different Ca minerals can reduce bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As in mice and elucidate the mechanism(s) involved." | ( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are critically important for increasing soil phosphate (P) and decreasing lead (Pb) bioavailability during microbial-induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP)." | ( Penicillium oxalicum augments soil lead immobilization by affecting indigenous microbial community structure and inorganic phosphate solubilization potential during microbial-induced phosphate precipitation. Ge, F; Li, F; Li, Q; Liu, Y; Tang, F; Tian, J; Yue, J; Zhang, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Chelators can improve the bioavailability of heavy metals and increase phytoextraction efficiency." | ( Citric Acid and Poly-glutamic Acid Promote the Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Lead in Solanum nigrum L. Grown in Compound Cd-Pb Contaminated Soils. Duan, K; Duan, W; Liu, Y; Lv, C; Quan, L; Shen, Z; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Xia, Y; Yang, Q; Zhu, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has proven to be a good method for measuring the bioavailability of trace metals." | ( Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and probabilistic ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments of Daya Bay (China) using diffusive gradients in thin films. Gu, YG; Huang, HH; Jiang, SJ; Jordan, RW; Wu, FX, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In this study, we investigated the adsorption of Pb(II) by sediment-MPs mixtures and the effects of different concentration MPs on sediment enzyme activities, DOM fractions, and Pb bioavailability in riverine sediments, and further explored the response of sediment microbial community to Pb in the presence of MPs." | ( Impact of microplastics on lead-contaminated riverine sediments: Based on the enzyme activities, DOM fractions, and bacterial community structure. He, W; Huang, D; Huang, J; Liu, S; Pang, H; Ye, C; Yi, K; Zha, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, W, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " We evaluated the bioavailability of theses metals by determining their speciation by sequential extraction, each metal being distributed among five fractions: exchangeable fraction, bound to carbonate fraction, Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction, organic matter bound fraction and residual fractions." | ( Trace element speciation in sludge: a preliminary study to assess contamination levels in the sewage network. Abu Bakar, A; Ali, MM; Ezewudo, BI; Idris, AM; Ishak, DSM; Islam, MS; Ismail, Z; Kabir, MH; Kasiman, EH; Othman, IK; Phoungthong, K; Shahid, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Polymer-metal complexes formed in the mixed adsorbate systems are rather stable, evidence of which is reduced desorption and consequently limited bioavailability of toxic lead ions for organisms and plants in soil environment." | ( Accumulation of toxic Pb(II) ions by the iron-containing minerals in the presence of ionic polyacrylamide soil conditioner. Latusek, K; Nowicki, P; Polowczyk, I; Ulatowska, J; Urban, T; Wiśniewska, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "05), indicating that these metals in sediments of WL have higher bioavailability and mobility." | ( Comparative study on metal concentrations in water, sediments, and two fish species (Cyprinus carpio and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) from the Wujiang River, China. Cai, S; Cheng, J; Wang, Q; Xiao, Y; Yan, X; Zeng, B; Zhou, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Most PTEs appeared to mainly associate with a dominant proportion of residual fraction suggesting lower mobility whereas Cd and Mn presented a relative higher exchangeable fraction indicating a great degree of bioavailability and easily ingested by aquatic organism." | ( Chemical speciation and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in surface sediment from the Huaihe River, Anhui Province, China. Hu, Y; Meng, Y; You, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "In this study, distribution of metals in different geochemical forms, their mobility and bioavailability in bulk surface dust samples of Bhiwadi industrial cluster (BIC) in Rajasthan, India, was assessed by modified Community Bureau of Reference (m-BCR) sequential extraction procedure." | ( Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability and Human Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Surface Dust from an Industrial Cluster in India. Verma, A; Yadav, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The bioavailability and geochemical fractionation of TMEs were investigated based on single and sequential extraction procedures and the environmental risks were assessed." | ( A double-edged sword: Reductive soil disinfestation changes the fates of trace metal elements in soil. Che, R; Hao, J; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, L; Miao, J; Wang, F; Wang, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " A fractionation study was conducted to study the bioavailability of the heavy metals in contaminated soil after growing the accumulator plants and as affected by using soil amendments (Sesbania and gypsum)." | ( Phytoextraction of nickel, lead, and chromium from contaminated soil using sunflower, marigold, and spinach: comparison of efficiency and fractionation study. Choudhary, M; Datta, SP; Dwivedi, BS; Golui, D; Meena, MC; Nogiya, M; Raza, MB; Samal, SK, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The bioavailability of most heavy metals accounted for more than 20% of the total concentration." | ( Heavy metals in riverine/estuarine sediments from an aquaculture wetland in metropolitan areas, China: Characterization, bioavailability and probabilistic ecological risk. Gu, YG; Jiang, SJ; Jordan, RW; Li, HS; Liang, RZ; Wang, LG; Wang, YS, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Geochemical distribution of metals in different forms and their mobility and bioavailability in topsoils of Bhiwadi Industrial Cluster (BIC) near New Delhi are studies following m-BCR-SEP." | ( Geochemical fractionation, bioavailability, ecological and human health risk assessment of metals in topsoils of an emerging industrial cluster near New Delhi. Kumar, R; Verma, A; Yadav, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Nonetheless, regulatory limits are not definitive thresholds of safety, and the potential for increased bioavailability of perovskite-derived Pb may warrant additional toxicity assessment to further characterize public health risks." | ( Fate and Exposure Assessment of Pb Leachate from Hypothetical Breakage Events of Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules. Baxter, JB; Fafarman, AT; Fthenakis, VM; Gurian, PL; Khalifa, SA; Olson, MS; Spatari, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " After saltwater inundation, the bioavailability of heavy metals decreased in the order Cd > Zn > Pb." | ( Impacts of periodic saltwater inundation on heavy metals in soils from the Pearl River Delta, China. Hou, Q; Sheng, W; Yang, Z; Yu, T, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " As and Cr deposit minerals were identified by MLA analysis, and the weathering degree and bioavailability of As and Cr deposit minerals were analyzed." | ( The release analysis of As and Cr metals in lead-zinc smelting slag: Mineralogical analysis, bioavailability and leachability analysis. Dong, P; Kan, H; Li, C; Ma, Y; Meng, Q; Yan, J; Yu, H; Yu, W; Zhou, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Several mitigation strategies and accurate health risk assessments model of HMs based on bioavailability were also proposed and recommended." | ( Heavy metal(loid)s in agriculture soils, rice, and wheat across China: Status assessment and spatiotemporal analysis. Gu, RH; Ma, LQ; Tang, GY; Wang, CC; Xiang, P; Yan, CA; Zhang, MY; Zhang, QC, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The aims of the study were to assess the mobility and bioavailability of metals in soils to plants, and to estimate the ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal content in soils." | ( Mobility, bioaccumulation in plants, and risk assessment of metals in soils. Baran, A; Bubak, A; Wieczorek, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " To scientifically assess the health risks, in this study medical earthworms were analyzed for relative bioavailability (RBA) of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) using a multiple gavage mouse model with liver, kidneys, brain, and leg bones as biomarkers for the first time." | ( Innovative accumulative risk assessment strategy of co-exposure of As and Pb in medical earthworms based on in vivo-in vitro correlation. Gao, F; Guo, YS; Jin, HY; Kong, DJ; Ma, SC; Song, QH; Sun, L; Wang, HY; Wang, JS; Wang, Q; Wei, F; Yang, JB; Zhang, WQ; Zhu, J; Zuo, TT, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " For this purpose, the ecological risk benchmarks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated on Eucalyptus forest plantation in order to gauge their bioavailability in the rhizospheric layer of Typic Torripsammentsoil and their accretion capacity in the biosphere." | ( Ecotoxicological monitoring of potentially toxic elements contamination in Eucalyptus forest plantation subjected to long-term irrigation with recycled wastewater. Hawamdeh, OA; Mosa, A; Rady, M; Taha, AA, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The investigation results of chemical speciation and bioavailability of TEs showed that Zn had the highest bioavailability." | ( A comprehensive approach to quantify the source identification and human health risk assessment of toxic elements in park dust. Cai, LM; Chen, LG; Hu, GC; Huang, CC; Jie, L; Mei, JX; Wang, HZ; Xu, XB; Xu, YH, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The bioavailability of trace metals in soils poses a major threat to the environment, especially with massive mineral fertilizers added to increase plant yield." | ( Immobilization of Cr Emran, M; Gispert, M; Khedr, M; Rashad, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " A sound risk assessment requires sequential extraction to determine the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( An investigation on mobility of heavy metals for assessing the reusability of soil-like material reclaimed from mining of municipal solid waste dumpsites. Datta, M; Hölzle, I; Ramana, GV; Somani, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " These results are confirmed by analysis of the leachate from the sterile and non-sterile soil which showed an increase in the mobility and bioavailability of Pb in soil." | ( Bioremediation potential of consortium Pseudomonas Stutzeri LBR and Cupriavidus Metallidurans LBJ in soil polluted by lead. Abbes, C; Landoulsi, A; Mansouri, A; Ridene, S; Werfelli, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Cr, Cd and Pb showed higher affinity to the residual fraction and occluded in the oxide fraction, which decreased the bioavailability factor (BF) (<1% BF-Cr, 21% BF-Cd and 9% BF-Pb) compared to the control treatment (46% BF-Cr, 47% BF-Cd and 80% BF-Pb)." | ( Investigation of heavy metal and micro-macro element speciation in biomass ash enriched sewage sludge compost. Banu Sasmaz, Z; Caner, C; Dede, C; Dede, G; Ozdemir, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Previous studies have primarily focused on heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of sulfide tailings, while little attention was given to metal mobility and bioavailability within skarn-type tailings profile during weathering." | ( Geochemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and ecological risk of metallic elements in the weathering profiles of typical skarn-type copper tailings from Tongling, China. Gao, B; Guan, DX; Jiang, S; Li, Y; Liu, B; Song, X; Wang, B; Zhou, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This review presents current knowledge on integrating relative bioavailability (RBA) in calculating doses from soil ingestion in the HHRA process." | ( Oral bioaccessibility of PTEs in soils: A review of data, influencing factors and application in human health risk assessment. Badreddine, R; Billmann, M; Hulot, C; Papin, A; Pauget, B; Pelfrêne, A, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The bioavailability of Cu, Zn, and Cd rather than Pb in the slag increased as the particle size decreased." | ( Effect of simulated root exudates on the distribution, bioavailability, and fractionation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in various particle size fractions of zinc smelting slag: Implication of direct revegetation. Luo, Y; Wu, Y; Xing, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " These significant reductions often aligned temporally with advancements in clean manufacturing, amendments of the Clean Air Act, and other source control efforts which impact pollutant bioavailability and atmospheric deposition." | ( Environmental regulations in the United States lead to improvements in untreated stormwater quality over four decades. Hathaway, JM; Schwartz, JS; Simpson, IM; Winston, RJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Moreover, final Zn and Hg content increase in SFSs labile fractions indicated their higher bioavailability after the tests." | ( Assessment of environmental parameters effect on potentially toxic elements mobility in foreshore sediments to support marine-coastal contamination prediction. Fabbricino, M; Ferraro, A; Fratino, U; Mali, M; Marino, E; Pontoni, L; Race, M; Spasiano, D; Trancone, G, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "In this study, the pollution and bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments of Anzali Wetland were measured by analyzing data from sequential chemical extraction of sediments, risk assessment code (RAC), and sediment pollution indices." | ( Investigating heavy metal pollution in Anzali coastal wetland sediments: A statistical approach to source identification. Karbassi, A; Sadrinasab, M; Sarang, A; Zarei, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The application of the BCR sequential extraction to soils amended with the DWTR in the pot trials found a significant decrease in the bioavailability of Pb and Cu (p < 0." | ( A circular economy approach to drinking water treatment residue management in a catchment impacted by historic metal mines. Davidson, CM; Lord, R; Nunn, B, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Overall, the addition of PBC effectively improved soil nutrients, porosity, and water-holding capacity, promoted plant growth, immobilized Pb and Cd, as well as reduced the bioavailability in contaminated-soil from mining areas." | ( Simultaneous enhancement of soil properties along with water-holding and restriction of Pb-Cd mobility in a soil-plant system by the addition of a phosphorus-modified biochar to the soil. An, SY; Han, F; Liu, L; Ma, LQ; Wang, Y; Yang, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "6%, which is relevant from the (eco)toxicological point of view due to the high environmental mobility and bioavailability of this valence state." | ( Distribution of Inorganic Contaminants Along the Coast of Ciudad de la Costa, Uruguay. Antelo, E; Iaquinta, F; Machado, I, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Nanoplastics (NPs) contaminants in water and soil environments can adsorb heavy metals, thereby affecting the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals." | ( Environmental relevant concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics and lead co-exposure triggered cellular cytotoxicity responses and underlying mechanisms in Eisenia fetida. Guo, S; He, F; Li, X; Liu, R; Qi, Y; Shi, H; Tian, G; Wang, T, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The current findings provided an insight that 2% chemically S-modified biochar (CSB) has significant potential to improve the tomato growth by reducing Pb bioavailability in the Pb-contaminated soil, compared to the S alone and MSB amendments." | ( Chemical and mechanical coating of sulfur on baby corn biochar and their role in soil Pb availability, uptake, and growth of tomato under Pb contamination. Ali, S; Chen, F; Elshikh, MS; Hua, Z; Kamran, M; Ma, J; Malik, Z; Noreen, S; Riaz, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "17) in tea plantations, affecting heavy metals bioavailability thereby the transfer to tea leaves." | ( Transfer of heavy metals from soil to tea and the potential human health risk in a regional high geochemical background area in southwest China. Bi, J; Ju, Y; Liu, C; Liu, X; Luo, Z, 2024) | 1.44 |
| " The addition of red soil reduced the total contents of Pb and Zn, whereas that of the stabilizer increased the pH and decreased the bioavailability of Pb and Zn." | ( A feasible method of induced biological soil crust propagation through the inoculation of moss and addition of soil amendments in a Pb-Zn tailing pond. Chen, L; Fu, Y; Hou, L; Liao, K; She, S; Tao, Y; Tu, J; Zeng, Y, 2024) | 1.44 |
Lead impaired memory consolidation in spatial and inhibitory avoidance tasks. Dose-response relationship between erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and blood lead (PbB) was investigated among children with different subgroups of iron status.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Monkeys were dosed orally with 500 microgram/kg/day of lead as lead acetate from day 1 of life." | ( Neonatal low-level lead exposure in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): effect on two-choice non-spatial form discrimination. Rice, DC; Willes, RF, ) | 0.13 |
| "17 microgram/dl for the control, low-Pb, and high-Pb groups, respectively, during the year of treatment and declined toward control levels when Pb dosing was stopped." | ( Persistence of impaired reversal learning in young monkeys exposed to low levels of dietary lead. Bowman, RE; Bushnell, PJ, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Since EDTA is excreted much like creatinine, the dosage must be reduced proportionately in response to elevated serum creatinine levels in the patient with renal failure." | ( Chelation therapy in lead nephropathy. Morgan, JM, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Thus, a dose-response relationship exists on a group basis." | ( Subclinical neuropathy at "safe" levels of lead exposure. Hernberg, S; Kock, B; Seppäläinen, AM; Tola, S, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that cigarette smoking decreases the bioavailability of phenacetin and increases dosage requirements of theophylline by enhancing their rate of metabolism." | ( Research review. Interactions between environmental chemicals and drug biotransformation in man. Alvares, AP, ) | 0.13 |
| " All monkeys were necropsied 96 hr after dosing and the 210Pb concentrations of various tissues was determined." | ( Retention and tissue distribution of 210Pb (NO3)2 administered orally to infant and adult monkeys. Lok, E; Sundaram, A; Truelove, JF; Willes, RF, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " At the end of 7 weeks they were mated with untreated males and continued on the same dosage throughout gestation and lactation." | ( Effect of chronic developmental lead exposure on cell-mediated immune functions. Faith, RE; Kimmel, CA; Luster, MI, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " In dosed groups, hens always contained higher bone lead residues than drakes." | ( Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks. Dieter, MP; Finley, MT, 1978) | 0.26 |
| "Five-day old rats subjected to short-term (2-day) lead exposure by gastric gavage of aqueous lead acetate at the highest non-lethal dosage (1mgPb/g body weight/day) developed a hemorrhagic encephalopathy." | ( Experimental lead encephalopathy in the suckling rat: concentration of lead in cellular fractions enriched in brain capillaries. Hayward, J; Kolber, A; Krigman, MR; Morell, P; Toews, AD, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " Pups were intoxicated with lead from day 2 through the 20th day of life with a dosage of 1 gm Pb/kg body weight." | ( Effect of lead on the developing peripheral nervous system. Brashear, CW; Kopp, VJ; Krigman, MR, ) | 0.13 |
| " In a combination of two metal salts, the dose of one metal of the pair was fixed at or near the no-effect level while the dose of the second metal was increased until the entire dose-response curve was obtained." | ( Combined effects in toxicology--a rapid systematic testing procedure: cadmium, mercury, and lead. Riley, EJ; Schubert, J; Tyler, SA, ) | 0.13 |
| "In this study dose-response and dose-effect relationships were examined with reference to no-effect levels using observed data from three groups of lead workers who had been exposed to three different concentrations of lead." | ( [Dose-response relationships at different exposure levels. Re-examination in establishing no-effect levels (author's transl)]. Sakurai, H; Sugita, M; Tsuchiya, K, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " Aging shifted the pentobarbital dose-response curve to the left in both control and lead-treated animals and flattened interresponse time (IRT) distributions." | ( Effects of lead on temporally-spaced responding in rats. Dietz, DD; Grant, LD; Kimmel, CA; McMillan, DE, 1978) | 0.26 |
| "Lead absorption and prevention of the serious effects of lead re-examined from the viewpoints of the critical organ and clinical effect concepts and the associated dose-effect and dose-response relationships." | ( Dose-effect and dose-response relationships for lead in children. Barrett, MB; Chisolm, JJ; Mellits, ED, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " The fed animals have been killed at definite times all along the experiment and the metals dosed in the body." | ( [Determination of various toxic minerals in spiruline algae of different origins, and evaluation of long-term toxicity in the rat of a lot of spiruline algae of Mexican origin]. Boudène, C; Collas, E; Jenkins, C, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Results of a field trial show a characteristic dose-response relationship between zinc protoporphyrin and lead, and indicate that this test should be seriously considered as a monitor for the effects of chronic lead adsorption." | ( Application of the zinc protoporphyrin (ZP) test as a monitor of occupational exposure to lead. Flores, J; Joselow, MM, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " ATP concentrations in mitochondria from Pb2+-treated animals are decreased and the dose-response relationships for the effect of Pb2+ on CO2 fixation and ATP concentrations correspond." | ( Inhibition of carbon dioxide fixation by lead acetate in rat liver mitochondria. Amatruda, JM; Kiesow, LA; Staton, AJ, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " As measured by the majority of these assays, the low dosage (13 ppm) of lead tended to stimulate certain immune responses (lymphocyte mitosis, EA, and EAC) while the high dosage (1,300 pm) did not provoke an appreciable alteration." | ( Immune response in aged mice exposed to lead. Brauner, JA; Exon, JH; Koller, LD; Roan, JG, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " Low lead dosing will induce early metabolic changes in the young calf prior to inhibition of growth." | ( Responses of young calves to low doses of lead. Jackson, ED; Kiddy, CA; Lynch, GP; Smith, DF, 1976) | 0.26 |
| "Cattle were dosed daily with a wet lead-based paint at a rate of about 6 mg of lead per kg per day for 60 weeks." | ( Effects of daily oral subtoxic doses of a wet lead-based paint on cattle. Haufler, M; McBeth, CA; Riner, JC; Wright, FC; Younger, RL, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " Comparison of the dose-response curves between Pb-B and FEP in adult males, adult females, and children indicates that the sensitivity to lead is in the order of children larger than or equal to women greater than men." | ( Impact of air pollution by lead on the heme biosynthetic pathway in school-age children. Bruaux, P; Buchet, JP; Claeys-Thoreau, F; Hubermont, G; Lafontaine, A; Lauwerys, R; Roels, H; Van Overschelde, J, ) | 0.13 |
| " We are working to establish its dosage with atomic absorption spectrophotometry." | ( [Determination of lead in foodstuffs and tobacco]. Delage, C; Guichard, C; Oudart, N, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " A concept of control developed based upon the principle of a dose-response relationship." | ( Historical perspective to a current controversy on the clinical spectrum of plumbism. Corn, JK, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Predicted recovery times depend on the levels selected as those which must be attained for recovery to be complete, as well as on the dosage of lead." | ( Recovery of blood lead concentration and of red cell 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity in dogs following return to normal diets after 75 weeks of lead feeding. Azar, A; Barnes, JR; Finan, M; Maxfield, ME; Snee, RD; Stopps, GJ, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " lead from either lead acetate or powdered lead, 3 or 6% antimony (as % of shot dosage or 5 lead shot per week caused no significant effects upon either body weight or mortality." | ( Lead toxicity of bobwhite quail. Damron, BL; Wilson, HR, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Thanks to the survey consisting in a dosage of lead by atomic-absorption spectrometric, we are able to confirm the advantages and superiority of such a method and to employ it for the toxicologic research of lead in food, water, industrial atmosphere, and biological liquids." | ( [Determination of lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with regard to toxicology research]. Delage, C; Guichard, C; Oudart, N, ) | 0.13 |
| "Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed with 0 or 1500 micrograms/kg/day of lead as lead acetate according to one of four regimens: Group 1, vehicle continuously from birth; Group 2, lead continuously from birth; Group 3, lead from birth to 400 days of age and vehicle thereafter; Group 4, vehicle from birth to 300 days of age and lead thereafter." | ( Lead exposure during different developmental periods produces different effects on FI performance in monkeys tested as juveniles and adults. Rice, DC, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Eight female cynomolgus monkeys were dosed with lead acetate during gestation, and in four of the animals, the isotopic composition of the lead was modified by enriching the amount of the stable isotope 204Pb included in the dose." | ( Sampling of cortical and trabecular bone for lead analysis: method development in a study of lead mobilization during pregnancy. Blenkinsop, J; Franklin, CA; Inskip, MJ; Subramanian, KS; Wandelmaier, F, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " According to the dose-response relationship, an increase in low molecular weight protein excretion in urine can be expected in 10% of subjects at an integrated exposure index of about 300 micrograms/l x years of exposure." | ( Integrated index of occupational exposure to cadmium as a predictor of kidney dysfunction. Halatek, T; Jakubowski, M; Razniewska, G; Trzcinka-Ochocka, M, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Both blood pressure and tissue lead were augmented with a dose-response effect, while cardiac inotropism was increased only in the rats treated with 60 ppm of lead." | ( Zinc and copper in tissues of rats with blood hypertension induced by long-term lead exposure. Boscolo, P; Carelli, G; Carmignani, M; Finelli, VN; Giuliano, G, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Standard groups included untreated controls and dosed feed soluble lead acetate groups (1, 10, 25, 100, and 250 micrograms Pb/g feed)." | ( Relative bioavailability of lead from mining waste soil in rats. Bergstrom, PD; Chaney, RL; Davis, AO; Feder, PI; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Killinger, JM; Liao, SC; Lovre, SC; Ruby, MV, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "We have determined the dose-response of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on the intracellular free calcium-ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells, ROS 17/2." | ( Lead inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 regulation of calcium metabolism in osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). Gupta, RK; Rosen, JF; Schanne, FA, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Dose-based extrapolation requires knowledge about species differences in terms of toxicokinetics or metabolism in order to arrive at valid translations of dose-response contingencies." | ( Extrapolation from animals to humans: scientific and regulatory aspects. Lilienthal, H; Winneke, G, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "A total of 12 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed orally from birth with 0 or 2000 micrograms/kg/day of lead as lead acetate." | ( Behavioral effects of lead in monkeys tested during infancy and adulthood. Rice, DC, ) | 0.13 |
| " Developmental lead exposure produced long-term dose-response (1) decreases in the slope of the increment threshold function only at scotopic adapting backgrounds, (2) decreases only in the sensitivity of the rod phase of dark adaptation and (3) increases in the calcium content of rod outer segments which may partially mediate the ERG results." | ( Developmental lead exposure selectively alters the scotopic ERG component of dark and light adaptation and increases rod calcium content. Fox, DA; Katz, LM, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " In much of the early development of behavioral toxicology, the pharmacological model has served as a valuable theoretical guide, especially with regard to dosing and kinetic parameters." | ( Use of the lesion model for examining toxicant effects on cognitive behavior. Bowman, RE; Levin, ED; Schantz, SL, ) | 0.13 |
| "The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of succimer when used for the treatment of lead poisoning are reviewed." | ( Succimer, an oral lead chelator. Mann, KV; Travers, JD, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " A reduction of secondary litter size (F1 generation) with low dosage levels of lead was also observed." | ( Effects of heavy metals on alpha-fetoprotein in maternal sera and amniotic fluid of pregnant mice. Antelman, DE; Keenan, JF; Mizejewski, GJ; Preiss, IL, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The increased risk for a high lead burden was related to the traffic intensity in a dose-response manner." | ( Predictors of tooth-lead level with special reference to traffic. A study of lead-exposure in children. Grandjean, P; Hansen, ON; Lyngbye, T, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " From the food and the dosed emission, the daily intake was 466." | ( Mineral profile of serum in experimental copper intoxication of sheep from industrial emissions. Bires, J; Kovac, G; Vrzgula, L, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "The focus of current research on industrial lead toxicity is on the definition of dose-response relationships, particularly++ at low levels of exposure." | ( [Current problems of epidemiology and toxicology of the occupational action of lead (review of the literature)]. Landrigan, P, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " A clear dose-response relationship was observed for the induction of morphological transformation for each compound, either previously solubilized or in suspension." | ( Role of solubilized chromium in the induction of morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells by particulate chromium(VI) compounds. Baruthio, F; Danière, MC; Elias, Z; Poirot, O, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " No marked pathological or histochemical changes were observed in heart tissue excepting congestion and slightly reduced activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the highest dosed group." | ( Cardiotoxicity and hypertension in rats after oral lead exposure. Anand, M; Chandra, SV; Kumar, R; Lal, B; Murthy, RC; Srimal, RC; Tripathi, O, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " A significant dose-response relationship was also found with somatic complaints like loss of appetite, insomnia and headache." | ( [Neurocomportmental disorders in an urban population exposed to lead]. Dally, S; Perez Zapata, AJ; Thomas, G, ) | 0.13 |
| " Volumes and weights of stomachs and contents, and volumes of gastric contents of rats given 800 mg/kg BHT, were 2-3 times larger than those of controls 4-7 h after dosing while there were no significant differences at 24-27 h after dosing." | ( Gastric retention and delayed absorption of a large dose of butylated hydroxytoluene in the rat. Takahashi, O, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Quantitative comparisons based on dose-response relationships for these endpoints are difficult to make because the relationships are sometimes nonmonotonic (U-shaped) and because blood lead levels may not be directly comparable between species." | ( The comparative developmental neurotoxicity of lead in humans and animals. Davis, JM; Grant, LD; Otto, DA; Weil, DE, ) | 0.13 |
| "Administration of lead (at 300 and 1000 ppm) in the maternal drinking water from conception to postnatal day 10 increased the sensitivity of 10-day rat pups to noxious stimuli and disrupted the dose-response relationship to morphine antinociception." | ( Effect of perinatal lead exposure on morphine tolerance in the neonatal rat. Boswell, JA; Kitchen, I, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " These guidelines evaluate epidemiologic and animal research data on a particular chemical, as well as dose-response relationships, animal to human extrapolation and assessment of exposure levels of populations." | ( Behavioral toxicology and risk assessment. Annau, Z, ) | 0.13 |
| " Referring to the low level of 21 micrograms lead per 100 ml blood and regarding the dose-response relations reported in the literature, the results support the hypothesis of a special neurotoxicity of the alkyllead compounds." | ( Neurobehavioral effects of a long-term exposure to tetraalkyllead. Blaszkewicz, M; Kiesswetter, E; Neidhart, B; Seeber, A, ) | 0.13 |
| " We found a strong non-linear, dose-response relationship between blood lead level and hematocrit." | ( Lead-induced anemia: dose-response relationships and evidence for a threshold. Baker, EL; Landrigan, PJ; Orenstein, WA; Schwartz, J; von Lindern, IH, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Possible products include devices for real-time monitoring of ambient air quality and personal lead dosage monitors." | ( Indoor firing range air quality: results of a facility design survey. Deem, RA; Novak, EW; Schaeffer, DJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "The metabolism of intravenously dosed 75Se was studied in 10 Holstein bull calves fed for ad libitum access a control diet containing no added Pb or a control diet supplemented with 1000 ppm Pb as PbSO4 for 4 wk." | ( Effects of high dietary lead on the metabolism of intravenously dosed selenium-75 in dairy calves. Blackmon, DM; Crowe, CT; Fielding, AS; Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW; Varnadoe, JL, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " This relationship was of a dose-response nature." | ( Traffic a source of lead exposure in childhood. Beese, I; Grandjean, P; Hansen, O; Lyngbye, T; Trillingsgaard, A, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Such risk assessment should be based upon careful evaluation of scientific findings of dose-response relationships in the chronically exposed population." | ( Health assessment of environmental pollutants: proliferative and degenerative diseases. Stuart, BO, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Included in the Congressional report were discussions of dose-effect and dose-response relationships using blood lead levels as the indicator of lead dose." | ( Prenatal and postnatal effects of low-level lead exposure: integrated summary of a report to the U.S. Congress on childhood lead poisoning. Crocetti, AF; Davis, JM; Grant, LD; Mushak, P, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " After 14 days, dosed birds were redosed with two or four additional lead shot." | ( Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Bunck, CM; Fleming, WJ; Rattner, BA, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The contents of cholesterol and heavy metals were in ranges which can be regarded as negligible; the content of vitamin A in menhaden oils, however, was found in amounts which warrant that pregnant women do not exceed the dosage as recommended by the manufacturers." | ( [Contaminating substances in 22 over-the-counter fish oil and cod liver oil preparations: cholesterol, heavy metals and vitamin A]. Baum, H; Biesalski, HK; Klein, B; Koller, H; Luley, C, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Maximum permissible levels of lead in soil have been recommended based on the dose-response relationship of lead in soil and blood lead in children." | ( Lead in soil: recommended maximum permissible levels. Madhavan, S; Rosenman, KD; Shehata, T, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The pharmacokinetic parameters of As-Ac obtained were used to establish a dosage regimen which could maintain its average plasma concentration of about 11 micrograms/ml at steady state in rats." | ( Interaction of L-ascorbic acid on the disposition of lead in rats. Dalley, JW; Gupta, PK; Hung, CT; Lam, FC, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between blood-lead and behaviour ratings, with no evidence of a threshold." | ( Blood-lead levels and children's behaviour--results from the Edinburgh Lead Study. Fulton, M; Hepburn, WS; Hunter, R; Laxen, DP; Raab, GM; Thomson, GO, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency for radiation dosage reduction of three filtration systems used frequently in the chiropractic profession." | ( Relative efficacy for radiation reducing methods in scoliotic patients. Aikenhead, J; Baker, J; Triano, J, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Adult bovine animals are orally dosed with Pb as Pb(NO3)2, and blood is collected directly from the jugular vein into 5-mL evacuated, low-Pb glass tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant." | ( Bovine blood lead reference material. Cox, DH; Duncan, CE; Meadow, JS; Robinson, JB; Wyatt, GP, ) | 0.13 |
| " The multiphasic nature of this dose-response curve did not change with changes in buffer, substrate, anion, test tube order, or test tube composition (glass vs plastic), and appeared to be intrinsic to homogenate-Pb interactions." | ( Inhibition of brain cation pump enzyme by in vitro lead ion: effects of low level [Pb] and modulation by homogenate. Bertoni, JM; Sprenkle, PM, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "One-day old American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were orally dosed daily with 5 microliters/g of corn oil (controls), 25, 125 or 625 mg/kg of metallic lead in corn oil for 10 days." | ( Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Bunck, CM; Franson, JC; Hoffman, DJ; Murray, HC; Pattee, OH, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " There was a dose-response relation between blood-lead and test scores, with no evidence of a threshold." | ( Influence of blood lead on the ability and attainment of children in Edinburgh. Fulton, M; Hepburn, W; Hunter, R; Laxen, D; Raab, G; Thomson, G, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " In vitro studies with adult control retinas incubated with 10(-9)-10(-4) M lead revealed a dose-response inhibition (10-40%) of cGMP-PDE between 10(-6)- and 10(-4) M lead and stimulation of guanylate cyclase (20-158%) only above 10(-4) M lead, indicating that cGMP-PDE is more sensitive to the direct effects of lead than the synthetic cGMP enzyme." | ( Rods are selectively altered by lead: I. Electrophysiology and biochemistry. Farber, DB; Fox, DA, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Slopes of dose-response relations for lung cancer show a tendency to decrease with increasing dose." | ( Estimates of lifetime lung cancer risks resulting from Rn progeny exposure. Dougherty, C; McNeill, KG; Thomas, DC, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Critical support for this thesis is based upon experimental animal studies in which lung cancers that resemble adenocarcinomas are induced with as little as 15 rads of radioactive polonium, equal to one fifth the dosage inhaled by cigarette smokers who average two packs a day during a 25-year period." | ( Lung cancer: is the increasing incidence due to radioactive polonium in cigarettes? Marmorstein, J, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " It was concluded that CaEDTA is teratogenic in rats at concentrations which, except for decreased weight gain, produce no discernible toxicity to the dam, and which are comparable to the recommended therapeutic dosage in humans (1500 mg/m2/day corresponding to 4 mmol/m2/day)." | ( Teratogenic effect of calcium edetate (CaEDTA) in rats and the protective effect of zinc. Aronson, AL; Brownie, C; Brownie, CF; Haluska, M; Krook, L; Noden, D, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Lead acetate also transformed SHE cells in a dose-response fashion following a 48-h exposure." | ( Genetic toxicology of lead compounds. Costa, M; Hartwig, A; Li, JH; Rossman, TG; Wang, XW; Zelikoff, JT, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " A dose-response effect was observed over four levels of selenium exposure." | ( Chemical quality of maternal drinking water and congenital heart disease. Cohen, A; Rothman, KJ; Theodore, M; Zierler, S, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed continuously from birth onward with 100, 50, or 0 micrograms/kg/day of lead." | ( Lifetime low-level lead exposure produces deficits in delayed alternation in adult monkeys. Karpinski, KF; Rice, DC, ) | 0.13 |
| " There was also a dose-response relationship between the amount of tobacco smoked by the mother and the PbB level of the child." | ( Relation between lead and cadmium in blood and the involuntary smoking of children. Attewell, R; Schütz, A; Skerfving, S; Willers, S, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Assessing lead body burden and dose-response relationships of this metal by blood lead determination, porphyrin assessments, chelation testing or bone lead studies may be difficult." | ( Environmental lead exposure and the kidney. Becker, CE; Bernard, BP, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "2 mg/g) or sterile saline to examine the dose-response curve for behavioral effects." | ( Lead and behavioral development: effects of varying dosage and schedule on survival and performance of young common terns (Sterna hirundo). Burger, J; Gochfeld, M, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Simple visual reaction time was measured in a group of adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) dosed continuously with lead from birth onward, and in matched controls." | ( Chronic low-level lead exposure in monkeys does not affect simple reaction time. Rice, DC, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed orally from birth with 0 or 2000 micrograms/kg/day of lead as lead acetate." | ( Schedule-controlled behavior in infant and juvenile monkeys exposed to lead from birth. Rice, DC, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Soluble hexavalent CaCrO4, administered in either acute (5-h) or subacute (24-h) dosing regimens, induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells but no mutation to ouabain resistance or focus formation in transformation assays, although the acute treatment induced a high frequency of conversion of 10T1/2 cells to adipocytes." | ( Transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells to focus formation and anchorage independence by insoluble lead chromate but not soluble calcium chromate: relationship to mutagenesis and internalization of lead chromate particles. Banh, D; Landolph, JR; Patierno, SR, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " In children the dosage should be 50 mg/kg up to 1000 mg, and in adults 1000 mg administered intravenously or 2000 mg intramuscularly in divided doses 12 hours apart with subsequent 72 hour urinary lead estimations." | ( Lead intoxication. Ibels, LS; Pollock, CA, ) | 0.13 |
| "Metabolism of orally dosed 75Se was studied in 10 intact male Holstein calves that were fed ad libitum a control diet containing no added Pb or supplemented with 1000 ppm Pb as PbSO4 for 4 wk." | ( Influence of high dietary lead on selenium metabolism in dairy calves. Alfaro, E; Blackmon, DM; Crowe, CT; Fielding, AS; Gentry, RP; Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW; Pugh, DG, 1987) | 0.27 |
| "96 mumol/l)], at a dosing regime producing no maternal toxic symptoms." | ( Effects of lead exposure on pregnancy outcome and the fetal brain of squirrel monkeys. Berlin, M; Lögdberg, B; Schütz, A, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The excretion of Hg (after dosing with HgCl2) was not influenced by N-acetylcysteine." | ( Differential effect of N-acetylcysteine on excretion of the metals Hg, Cd, Pb and Au. Ottenwälder, H; Simon, P, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The dose-response curves for EP vs PbB increased systematically with decreasing PTS, largely due to decrease of a parameter proportional to red cell lead-holding capacity with decreasing PTS." | ( Dose-response curves for erythrocyte protoporphyrin vs blood lead: effects of iron status. Marcus, AH; Schwartz, J, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Among 749 pregnancies followed to completion, pre-term delivery was statistically significantly associated, in a dose-response manner, with maternal blood lead concentration at delivery." | ( The Port Pirie cohort study: maternal blood lead and pregnancy outcome. Baghurst, PA; Clark, PD; McMichael, AJ; Robertson, EF; Vimpani, GV, 1986) | 0.27 |
| "Blood lead levels, together with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity determinations have been measured on rats dosed with up to 1000 ppm lead acetate in their drinking water for periods up to 5 weeks." | ( Evaluation of the relationship between chemical and biological monitoring of low-level lead poisoning. Chakrabarti, CL; Karwowska, R; Wigfield, DC; Wright, SC, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Methionine, either dietary or in the dosing solution, had no effect on in situ intestinal absorption or 203PbCl2." | ( Lead toxicity in chicks: interactions with dietary methionine and choline. Donaldson, WE; Latta, DM, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Whole-body and bone retention were greater in injected than in orally dosed nonpregnant females; gastrointestinal absorption was estimated from this difference." | ( Effects of lead in the laboratory mouse. 1. Influence of pregnancy upon absorption, retention, and tissue distribution of radiolabeled lead. Cutler, MG; Donald, JM; Moore, MR, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Subsequent determination of tissue lead revealed a direct relationship between the lead levels in both blood and brain of the pups and the lead dosage to which they were indirectly exposed via the dams' milk." | ( Lead retention in blood and brain after preweaning low-level lead exposure in the rat. Barrett, J; Dawson, RG; Livesey, DJ; Livesey, PJ; Spickett, TJ, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Individually housed male Wistar COBS rats of 200 g were randomly selected for 3, 7, 21 and 35 day dosing periods in groups of: control, 50, 100 and 1000 ppm dosing in drinking water." | ( Evidence of differential hematopoietic compensation to lead intoxication in blood, liver and kidney. Chakrabarti, CL; Hollebone, BR; Johnson, PM; Karwowska, R, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " A significant dose-response relationship existed between the toxic effects and the air lead levels." | ( Effects of occupational lead exposure. Chen, ZQ; Liang, YX; Lu, PK; Lu, QM; Pan, ZQ; Shao, M; Wang, YL, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed from birth with 100, 50, or 0 micrograms/kg/day of lead." | ( Low lead exposure from birth produces behavioral toxicity (DRL) in monkeys. Gilbert, SG; Rice, DC, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Pregnant rats were dosed with 0, 3 or 10 parts/10(6) lead (as acetate) in their drinking water, during pregnancy and during lactation until 21 days post partum." | ( Lead in teeth of weanling rats received via the maternal drinking water. Grobler, SR; Kotze, D; Rossouw, RJ, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " It is clear that a large number of model systems and dosing regimes do not address the problems of human clinical or subclinical lead intoxication." | ( The experimental administration of lead to rats in neuropathological and behavioural studies. Carmichael, NG; Winder, C, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Dose-response correlation may be observed with SO2 concentrations and bronchial hyperreactivity." | ( [Air burden and respiratory and vascular diseases]. Scherrer, M, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The dose-response curves for D-amphetamine (1." | ( Acute exposure to triethyl lead enhances the behavioral effects of dopaminergic agonists: involvement of brain dopamine in organolead neurotoxicity. Dehaven, DL; Schulz, DW; Tilson, HA; Walsh, TJ, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " At a dosage of 60 micrograms/kg, strychnine caused convulsions in all control animals, but in none pretreated with CdCl2." | ( Augmented depression and reduced excitability of the central nervous system (CNS) by cadmium in the rat. Hall, CE; Hungerford, S; Nasseth, D, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were reared from birth in an infant primate nursery and dosed with lead acetate (2 mg Pb/kg body wt/day) from approximately 100 days of age." | ( Effect of diet on blood lead concentration in the cynomolgus monkey. Gilbert, SG; Rice, DC; Truelove, JF, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " We directly compared rat pups dosed with triethyl lead (TEL) via both split-litter (representing all dosage groups within a single litter) and nested (all pups randomly assigned to a single litter receive the same dose) designs." | ( Experimental design considerations: a determinant of acute neonatal toxicity. Booze, RM; Mactutus, CF, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Since milk represents much of the diet of young infants and because breast milk lead levels are stable, it is possible to relate blood lead and daily dosage in this population." | ( Lead in milk and infant blood: a dose-response model. Leviton, A; Needleman, H; Rabinowitz, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, we have been unable to detect this heavy metal in the ocular fluids or lenses of rabbits dosed with Pb, despite the appearance of high concentrations in blood, liver, and brain." | ( Lead in detectable amounts was not observed in ocular fluids or the crystalline lens. Bentley, PJ; DuVal, G; Grubb, BR, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Dose-effect and dose-response relationships were analyzed for blood lead concentration (PbB) vs blood protoporphyrin concentration using multiple data points from 165 children, ages 3-36 months." | ( Dose-effect and dose-response relationships of blood lead to erythrocytic protoporphyrin in young children. Bornschein, RL; Hammond, PB; Succop, P, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " However, alcohol use during pregnancy was related in a dose-response fashion to maternal and to cord blood lead level." | ( Fetal lead exposure: antenatal factors. Brittenham, GM; Erhard, P; Ernhart, CB; Sokol, RJ; Wolf, AW, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " To accomplish this goal, research has been designed to determine basic dose-response relationships in animals ingesting constant daily doses of a dried paint, a lead octoate drier, and lead acetate." | ( Biochemical and toxicological response of infant baboons to lead driers in paint. Cohen, N; Goldstein, DH; Kneip, TJ; Rulon, V, 1974) | 0.25 |
| " Experimental results at the same and higher levels show a dose-response relationship which fits the same regression." | ( Respiratory exposure to lead: epidemiological and experimental dose-response relationships. Goldsmith, JR; Hexter, AC, 1967) | 0.25 |
| " Indeed, we have demonstrated in vitro that ionized calcium (Ca(2+)) lowers red cell Pb content according to a linear dose-response curve." | ( Significance of plasma lead levels in normal and lead-intoxicated children. Rosen, JF; Trinidad, EE, 1974) | 0.25 |
| " Further, each dosing paradigm has been evaluated with a view to experimental error and interactive variables." | ( Effects of early lead exposure on neurotransmitter systems in the brain. A review with commentary. Shellenberger, MK, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The battery of tests was administered on eight occasions, that is, before, at three-week intervals during dosing (PO or IP, five days each week for 15 weeks), and at three and six weeks after dosing." | ( Assessment of chemicals using a battery of neurobehavioral tests: a comparative study. Mitchell, CL; Pryor, GT; Tilson, HA; Uyeno, ET, ) | 0.13 |
| " The minimum systemic dosage of endotoxin necessary to perturb the normal pattern of hepatic glycolytic intermediates was determined by serial testing with diminishing dosages of endotoxin." | ( The mediated effect of endotoxin and lead upon hepatic metabolism. Ebata, T; Kuttner, RE; Schumer, W, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " It also follows that dose-response and dose-effect relationships in animal studies should be analyzed taking into account this problem." | ( Toxicological considerations in the assessment of lead exposure. Bornschein, RL; Hammond, PB; Zenick, H, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The vast majority of the dosed lead in the paint matrix remained in the lung." | ( Biological availability of lead in a paint aerosol. 2. Absorption, distribution and excretion of intratracheally instilled lead paint particles in the rat. Eaton, DL; Garvey, D; Kalman, D; Morgan, M; Omenn, GS, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Mean levels of lead in blood 1 hour after dosing ranged between 65 and 128 micrograms/100 ml and at 24 and 72 hours between 65 and 96 micrograms/100 ml." | ( Effects of lead and hyperthermia on prenatal brain growth of guinea pigs. Beatson, J; Edwards, MJ, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "Ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) were dosed with 0 (N = 3) or 4 X 110 mg lead shot (N = 7) and were held at temperatures of 6 degrees C (+/- 1) for 7 days beginning 48 hr after lead shot dosing." | ( The toxicology of lead shot ingestion in ringed turtle doves under conditions of cold exposure. Kendall, RJ; Scanlon, PF, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Five cynomolgus monkeys were maintained at a blood lead concentration of 90-100 micrograms Pb/100 ml for nine months by daily oral dosing with lead acetate (12-15 mg Pb/kg body weight)." | ( Effects of lead exposure on peripheral nerve in the cynomolgus monkey. Berrill, KR; Majeed, SK; Purser, DA, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In another approach, phosphate in varying concentrations was added directly to the dosing solution." | ( Effect of phosphate on the intestinal absorption of lead (203Pb) in chicks. Fullmer, CS; Mykkanen, HM; Wasserman, RH, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " In contrast, the group administered TML (3/4 LD50) exhibited a late developing antinocioception which became evident 14 days after dosing and persisted throughout the period of testing." | ( Organometal-induced antinociception: a time- and dose-response comparison of triethyl and trimethyl lead and tin. McLamb, RL; Tilson, HA; Walsh, TJ, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "Light microscopical examinations were carried out on the central and peripheral nervous systems of 9 dogs maintained on a high-fat-low-calcium diet and dosed orally with a mixture of lead chloride, lead bromide and lead sulphate." | ( Neuropathological lesions in experimental lead toxicosis of dogs. Hamir, AN; Handson, PD; Sullivan, ND, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " These signs were reversed with cessation of lead dosing and CaEDTA treatment." | ( Effect of chronic lead on the haematology, blood glutathione and bone marrow non-haeme iron of dogs. Mitema, ES; Oehme, FW; Penumarthy, L, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " After a 7-day stabilizaion period, lead dosing was conducted for 91 days (13 weeks), after which half of each group was treated with calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid." | ( Effect of chronic lead exposure on the canine bone marrow. Mitema, ES; Moore, WE; Oehme, FW; Penumarthy, L, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " CaNa2EDTA induced dose related recovery in ALA-D in 30 mg/kg group, and reduction of blood Pb levels in the group dosed with 150 mg/kg of lead acetate." | ( Acute lead poisoning of the pigeon induced by single, intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate. Minowa, K; Mizoguchi, I; Ohi, G; Seki, H; Sugimori, F, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "A teratological study was conducted in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats dosed orally with diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol (ZN), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB), cadmium, or lead on days 6-18 of gestation." | ( Induction of prenatal toxicity in the rat by diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, 3,4,3',4',-tetrachlorobiphenyl, cadmium, and lead. Bradshaw, WS; Seegmiller, RE; Wardell, RE, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The dose-response relationship between PbB and ALAU suggested that a PbB below 50-60 micrograms/dl is a proper practical limit of biological monitoring for lead workers." | ( Occupational lead exposure of storage battery workers in Korea. Lee, BK, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Eleven day old Sprague-Dawley (CD strain) rat pups whose mothers were maintained on a 200 mg/l dosage of lead (Pb) acetate in their drinking water from breeding and through gestation until the pups were weaned exhibited differences in a learning paradigm as compared to controls." | ( Low level lead (Pb) exposure produces learning deficits in young rat pups. Brubaker, CM; Bull, RJ; Crofton, KM; Noland, EA; Taylor, DH, ) | 0.13 |
| " By adoption of the body-weight ratio on the first day after endotoxin administration (BWR1) as a response, the linear regression lines of the dose-response were demonstrated over a wide range of log doses of several different endotoxin preparations tested." | ( Assay in mice for minute amounts of endotoxin by pre-administration of lead acetate. Fujiwara, H; Kuratsuka, K, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " These findings are consistent with a dose-response relationship with regard to renal function impairment due to lead absorption." | ( Assessment of lead health hazards in a body shop of an automobile assembly plant. Campbell, C; Kon, S; Lilis, R; Sarkosi, L; Selikoff, IJ; Valciukas, JA, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " It is suggested that oral dosing with a number of organoleads and, possibly, organotins has an effect on mucosal membranes that results in erosion of the gastric mucosa and increases permeability of the mucosal microcirculation." | ( The acute toxicity of some organolead and organotin compounds in the rat, with particular reference to a gastric lesion. Little, RA; Verschoyle, RD, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " The results showed that administration of ambilhar to guinea pigs dosed with lead acetate resulted in a significant decrease in the liver content of lead with a concomitant increase in urinary and faecal lead excretion." | ( Some studies on the effects of ambilhar on mobilisation and excretion of lead. Abdel Aziz, FT; Al-Khayat, TM, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Linear dose-response relation between logarithmic doses of endotoxin and body weight-decreasing responses was obtained over a wide range of endotoxin doses with a constant dose of lead acetate." | ( Enhancement by lead acetate of body weight-decreasing activity of endotoxin: quantitative comparisons of some administration methods of lead acetate. Fujiwara, H; Kuratsuka, K, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "Although nephrotoxicity is common following exposure to lead, the dose-response relationship in adults with occupational exposure is not well understood because information is lacking on early nephrotoxic effects." | ( Occupational exposure to lead: effects on renal function. Hammond, PB; Hanenson, IB; Hong, CD; Lerner, S; Pesce, AJ; Pollak, VE, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "Pregnant rats were dosed with 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 ppm inorganic lead through their drinking water during pregnancy and during lactation until 21 days post partum." | ( Dose response relationships during perinatal lead administration in the rat: a model for the study of lead effects on brain development. Carmichael, NG; Lewis, PD; Winder, C, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " The absorption processes of these cations show similar responses to various experimental conditions (low calcium intake, age of the animal, pH of the dosing solution)." | ( Gastrointestinal absorption of lead (203Pb) in chicks: influence of lead, calcium, and age. Mykkänen, HM; Wasserman, RH, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Eagles were dosed by force-feeding with 10 lead shot; they were redosed if regurgitation occurred." | ( Effects of lead shot ingestion on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, hemoglobin concentration, and serum chemistry in bald eagles. Hoffman, DJ; Mulhern, B; Pattee, OH; Wiemeyer, SN, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Total intakes of lead during the 60-week experimental period were: weanling and adult rats exposed to drinking water supplemented with 200 microgram of lead acetate/ml: 127 +/- 10 mg and 160 +/- 16 mg, respectively; weanling and adult rats dosed with lead acetate orally once per week: 132 mg and 161 mg, respectively." | ( Comparative toxicity and tissue distribution of lead acetate in weanling and adult rats. Mahaffey, KR; Peeler, JT; Rader, JI, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "The types of biological response to an environmental agent can depend on dose, thus in this case a family of widely different dose-response relationships would be expected." | ( Sensitivity of health endpoints: effect on conclusions of studies. Radford, EP, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " A two-exponential expression was derived to estimate stray radiation dosage in routine radiotherapy." | ( Measurements on the radiation protection of patients irradiated with an 18-MeV electron linear accelerator. Hassenstein, E; Nüsslin, F, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Included is a report of a study of Zn levels in the facial hair of one of the authors, who was dosed with ZnSO4." | ( Is human hair a dosimeter for endogenous zinc and other trace elements? Chittleborough, G; Steel, BJ, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Individual exposure matrices have been calculated and used for dose-response analyses." | ( Mortality and cancer incidence among secondary lead smelter workers. Gerhardsson, L; Hagmar, L; Rylander, L; Skerfving, S, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " These risk estimates were unaffected or slightly decreased when applying a latency period of 15 years, and no dose-response pattern was shown." | ( Mortality and cancer incidence among secondary lead smelter workers. Gerhardsson, L; Hagmar, L; Rylander, L; Skerfving, S, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " These risk estimates did not show a dose-response pattern and were not associated with latency time." | ( Mortality and cancer incidence among secondary lead smelter workers. Gerhardsson, L; Hagmar, L; Rylander, L; Skerfving, S, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Though there was no clear dose-response relationship with PbBint as the index of dose, all the 15 subjects with abnormal S beta 2m in the older age group were found in the highest PbBint group." | ( Glomerular function of lead-exposed workers. Chia, KS; Jeyaratnam, J; Lee, E; Ong, CN; Ong, HY; Tan, C, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Furthermore, there is also a need to identify suitable markers of chronic exposure to describe meaningful dose-response and dose-effect relationships." | ( Lead-induced nephropathy: relationship between various biological exposure indices and early markers of nephrotoxicity. Chia, KS; Jeyaratnam, J; Lee, E; Lee, J; Ong, CN; Ong, HY; Tan, C, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Gene expression analysis was conducted, by Northern blot hybridization, using RNA isolated from female Sprague-Dawley rat livers collected at various times during a 14-day dosing period with TCDD known to produce alterations in cell proliferation." | ( Inhibitory effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on rat hepatocyte proliferation induced by 2/3 partial hepatectomy. Bauman, JW; Dunn, CS; Fox, TR; Goldsworthy, TL, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Although the use of early biological effect markers for the study of the dose-effect or dose-response relationships in humans is probably less affected by selection biases than morbidity data, the possibility of such an interference cannot be excluded." | ( Health risk assessment of long-term exposure to non-genotoxic chemicals: application of biological indices. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; Lauwerys, RR; Roels, H, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Although the exposed workers performed less well than the non-exposed in 10 of 14 response variables, only profile of mood states tension-anxiety, hostility, and depression mood scales showed a significantly poorer dose-response relation with blood lead concentration in multiple linear regression models that included age, education, and alcohol intake as covariates." | ( Neurobehavioural evaluation of Venezuelan workers exposed to inorganic lead. Feo, O; Maizlish, NA; Parra, G, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "A dose-response relationship between exposure to lead and delta-aminolaevulinic acid concentration in urine (ALA-U), and between blood lead (Pb-B) and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP-B) concentrations in blood were examined in 90 male workers exposed to lead." | ( [Selected biomarkers for evaluating occupational exposure to lead among workers from the "Miasteczko Slaskie" zincworks in Tarnowskie Gory]. Komosińska, K; Kraśnicka, A; Kwapuliński, J; Orczyk, H; Wiechuła, D, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " An earlier dose of EDTA also modified the relation between ALAU and DMSA-chelatable lead in that workers who received EDTA before DMSA showed a much steeper dose-response relation between these two measures." | ( Provocative chelation with DMSA and EDTA: evidence for differential access to lead storage sites. Ahn, KD; Lee, BK; Schwartz, BS; Stewart, W, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Lead was administered orally to rats daily for dosage periods of 1 and 4 months (short and long terms)." | ( X-ray fluorescence in the assessment of inter-elemental interactions in rat liver following lead treatment. Chand, B; Dhawan, D; Mangal, PC; Singh, B; Singh, N; Trehan, PN, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Prior exposure to lead produced a dose-response inhibition of retinal cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) resulting in an increase in cGMP in dark-adapted and light-adapted states and an increase in the calcium content of rods." | ( Lead-induced alterations in rod-mediated visual functions and cGMP metabolism: new insights. Fox, DA; Hurwitz, RL; Srivastava, D, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " 3 and 10 days and 1, 3 and 6 months) and a dose-response experiment." | ( A unique pattern of hepatocyte proliferation in F344 rats following long-term exposures to low levels of a chemical mixture of groundwater contaminants. Baker, DC; Benjamin, SA; Constan, AA; Yang, RS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " However, these findings have not been invariant and, in fact, have been found to vary with dosing parameters." | ( Homogeneity of regional brain lead concentrations. Cory-Slechta, DA; Widzowski, DV, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Dose-response studies confirmed the induction of E2 metabolism by UG doses as low as 600 mg/kg/day." | ( Investigation of antiestrogenic properties of unleaded gasoline in female mice. Blazer, DG; Goldsworthy, TL; Standeven, AM, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Absolute bioavailability values for lead acetate in dosed feed for blood, bone, and liver were approximately 6-, 19-, and 20-fold greater, respectively, than mining waste lead." | ( Absolute bioavailability of lead acetate and mining waste lead in rats. Bergstrom, PD; Chaney, RL; Davis, AO; Feder, PI; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Liao, SC; Ruby, MV; Schoof, RA, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " It also showed a dose-response tendency between blood lead levels and scores of five relevant factors." | ( [Neuropsychological effects of lead exposure]. Liang, YX; Tang, HW; Yang, HG, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " There was also no dose-effect or dose-response relation between the NAG variables and BPb or TBPb groups." | ( Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in workers exposed to inorganic lead. Chia, KS; Jeyaratnam, J; Lee, E; Mutti, A; Ong, CN; Ong, HY; Tan, C, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " A significant correlation between body lead burden less than 200 micrograms and 24-hour urine NAG excretion and a dose-response relationship between them were found." | ( Urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase excretion and environmental lead exposure. Green Cross Health Service Association Study Group. Chen, WY; Lai, HH; Lin, JL; Lin, YC; Tseng, HC; Yeh, KH, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " We present simple methods for combining dose information from the study of interest with dose-response data from other epidemiologic studies or animal studies to derive plausible hypothesized effect levels." | ( Resolving discrepancies among studies: the influence of dose on effect size. Hertz-Picciotto, I; Neutra, RR, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The assessment includes a hazard identification and a dose-response assessment based on recent research findings; an exposure assessment based on two interrelated indicators, soil/dust lead and blood lead; a risk characterisation; and finally, a discussion of environmental and behavioural options for the management of risk." | ( Living near a lead smelter: an environmental health risk assessment in Boolaroo and Argenton, New South Wales. Galvin, J; Loughran, R; Stephenson, J; Waller, G; Wlodarczyk, J, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Concentration-corrected dose-response relationships were plotted from previously published data on the effects of Pb on voltage-activated calcium channels of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and Aplysia neurons." | ( Solubility of lead as lead (II) chloride in HEPES-Ringer and artificial seawater (Ca-ASW) solutions. Carpenter, DO; Matthews, MR; Parsons, PJ, ) | 0.13 |
| " In general, overall similarities in the relative sensitivity of lymphoblastogenesis were obtained when the human dose-response curves were compared to the rodent response curves." | ( Comparative effects of immunotoxic chemicals on in vitro proliferative responses of human and rodent lymphocytes. Lang, DS; Luster, MI; Meier, KL, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " In contrast, the quantitative extrapolation of dose-response data was either poor or largely unvalidated." | ( Predicting ecotoxicological impacts of environmental contaminants on terrestrial small mammals. Douben, PE; Shore, RF, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " After adjustment for premorbid intellectual ability, age, race, and alcohol consumption, neurobehavioral test scores were poorer as measures of both cumulative lead exposure and exposure duration increased; many of the associations evidenced dose-response relations." | ( Decrements in neurobehavioral performance associated with mixed exposure to organic and inorganic lead. Agnew, J; Bolla, KI; Ford, DP; Frumkin, H; Schwartz, BS; Stewart, W, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "The reproductive endocrine effects of chronic lead exposure were investigated in 9 year old male (n = 16) cynomolgus monkeys, orally dosed with lead acetate (1500 micrograms/kg/day) according to the following dosing regimens: continuous exposure from birth onward (lifetime, n = 4), beginning at postnatal day 300 (post-infancy, n = 5) and postnatal days 0 to 400 (infancy, n = 4), or vehicle only (control, n = 3)." | ( Reproductive endocrine effects of chronic lead exposure in the male cynomolgus monkey. Foster, WG; Hughes, EG; McMahon, A; Rice, DC; YoungLai, EV, ) | 0.13 |
| " Among lead-injected birds there was a disjunction of effect related to dosing schedule: birds injected on Day 6 chose more correctly but were slower to respond, indicating that these behavioral traits were differentially affected by timing of exposure." | ( Lead and behavioral development in young herring gulls: effects of timing of exposure on individual recognition. Burger, J; Gochfeld, M, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The 18 quail were dosed with #4 lead weight that were orally inserted into the proventriculus." | ( The prevalence and retention of lead pellets in Japanese quail. Hayashi, H; Hayashi, M; Hiratsuka, A; Isii, Y; Yamamoto, K; Yoshimura, M, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "In order to determine if Pb2+ depolymerizes RNA, reticulocytes were transfused into rabbits that had been dosed with lead acetate and also into untreated controls." | ( Does the Pb(2+)-catalyzed depolymerization of RNA occur in vivo. Aethranis, CA; Farkas, W, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The striking dose-response relationship between levels of lead and negative teacher ratings remained significant after controlling for age, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status." | ( Hair lead levels related to children's classroom attention-deficit behavior. Tuthill, RW, ) | 0.13 |
| " A dose-response suppressive effect of lead was observed in both strains in the 3 periods studied." | ( The effect of lead on the bone marrow stem cells of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Bincoletto, C; Queiroz, ML, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "The dose-response relationship between erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and blood lead (PbB) was investigated among children with different subgroups of iron status." | ( Erythrocyte protoporphyrin versus blood lead: relationship with iron status among children exposed to gross environmental pollution. Barbosa, AC; Carvalho, FM; Cotrim, CR; Silvany-Neto, AM; Tavares, TM, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "A 44-day dosed feed study was performed to compare the bioavailability of lead from contaminated soil versus two lead salts and the effect of soil on gastrointestinal absorption of ingested lead." | ( Comparative absorption of lead from contaminated soil and lead salts by weanling Fischer 344 rats. Dill, JA; Freeman, GB; Johnson, JD; Kurtz, PJ; Matthews, HB; Parham, F, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Lead (Pb2+) was chosen as a known neurotoxic model substance to evaluate the suitability of the test battery to predict the neurotoxic potency of hazardous substances, to establish dose-response relationships, and to investigate the basic mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity." | ( Prediction of neurotoxic potency of hazardous substances with a modular in vitro test battery. Altrup, U; Binding, N; Madeja, M; Musshoff, U; Neidt, U; Speckmann, EJ; Witting, U, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Such studies will improve our knowledge of dose-response patterns and provide data that will have an impact on hygienic threshold limit values and prevention of lead-induced diseases." | ( In vivo measurements of lead in fingerbone in active and retired lead smelters. Börjesson, J; Gerhardsson, L; Mattsson, S; Osterberg, K; Schütz, A; Skerfving, S, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " A dose-response relation was found between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption of mothers and cord blood lead levels." | ( Effects of maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on blood lead levels of newborns. Levallois, P; Rhainds, M, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " domestica), dosed via gelatin capsule with 10 or 20 mg Pb/kg BW daily for 3 mo." | ( Effect of lead ingestion on concentrations of lead in tissues and eggs of laying Tsaiya ducks in Taiwan. Jeng, SL; Lee, SJ; Liou, PP; Liu, YF; Yang, SC, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Work from the Düsseldorf laboratory and from the broader literature is compared for some of those issues, namely the spectrum of lead-induced neurobehavioral deficit in children, as well as issues mainly related to experimental models, namely functional recovery of deficit, developmental periods of particular vulnerability, and dose-response contingencies including the no-threshold hypothesis." | ( Inorganic lead as a developmental neurotoxicant: some basic issues and the Düsseldorf experience. Winneke, G, ) | 0.13 |
| " Pure tone detection thresholds were determined in a group of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) dosed with 2 mg/kg/day of lead from birth through testing at 13 years of age." | ( Effects of lifetime lead exposure in monkeys on detection of pure tones. Rice, DC, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "The effects of pregnancy on the flux of lead from maternal bone were investigated in five females from a unique colony of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) which had been dosed orally with lead (approximately 1100-1300 microg Pb/kg body wt) throughout their lives (about 14 years)." | ( Use of sequentially administered stable lead isotopes to investigate changes in blood lead during pregnancy in a nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis). Baccanale, CL; Edwards, CM; Edwards, E; Franklin, CA; Inskip, MJ; Manton, WI; O'flaherty, EJ, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The average registered ionizing dosage without thyroid shield was 70 times higher compared to the measurements with thyroid protection." | ( [Effectiveness of lead thyroid shield for reducing roentgen ray exposure in trauma surgery interventions of the lower leg]. Degreif, J; Mohr, W; Müller, LP; Rommens, PM; Suffner, J, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " In particular, the association between PbB and traffic volume indicated a positive dose-response type relationship." | ( Blood lead levels in preschool children in eastern Sydney. Black, D; Cowie, C; Fraser, I, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Because lead-based paint is a high-dose source, the biologically relevant dosage is similar to lead in soil." | ( Soil is an important pathway of human lead exposure. Mielke, HW; Reagan, PL, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "A dose-response study was conducted in a rat model to examine the effects of lifetime lead exposure on the development of the reproductive system and the endocrine mechanisms underlying these effects." | ( Endocrine mechanisms underlying reproductive toxicity in the developing rat chronically exposed to dietary lead. Badger, T; Gandy, J; Ronis, MJ, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "A dose-response study was conducted to examine the growth suppression associated with developmental lead exposure in a rat model and to determine the endocrine mechanisms underlying these effects." | ( Endocrine mechanisms underlying the growth effects of developmental lead exposure in the rat. Badger, TM; Ringer, D; Roberson, PK; Ronis, MJ; Shema, SJ; Templer, L; Thomas, PE, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The dose-response increase of coproporphyrin secretion accompanied by the depression of CO activity supports the suggestion that lead causes CO inhibition, as observed in this cellular model." | ( Effect of acute lead treatment on coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity in HepG2 cells. Garciá Vargas, G; Gutiérrez-Ruiz, MC; Hernández, E, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Dose-response relation, in particular at a threshold level, is poorly understood, and site, mode, or mechanism of action are unknown." | ( Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. ASCLEPIOS Study Group. Apostoli, P; Bonde, JP; Kiss, P; Porru, S; Vanhoorne, M, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Effects on birth weight and gestational age showed significant dose-response associations." | ( Reproductive outcome in offspring of parents occupationally exposed to lead in Norway. Irgens, A; Irgens, LM; Krüger, K; Skorve, AH, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "1% with a dose-response relationship." | ( [Effects of lead on the release of glutamate neurotransmitter in rat hippocampal slices]. Song, L; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Sixteen-bird groups (sexes equal) of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were orally dosed with eight #4 steel short, eight #4 lead shot, eight BB-size tungsten-iron shot, eight BB-size tungsten-polymer shot, or were sham-dosed and maintained for 30 days (16 January 1996 to 15 February 1996)." | ( Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron, and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards. Aulerich, RJ; Balander, RJ; Bursian, SJ; Cray, C; Fitzgerald, SD; Kelly, ME; Powell, DC; Stevens, W; Stickle, RL; Tempelman, RJ, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Bacterial infections were absent in all dosed ducks." | ( Effects of lead, iron, and bismuth alloy shot embedded in the breast muscles of game-farm mallards. Anderson, WL; Brawn, JW; Foley, GL; Havera, SP; Sanderson, GC; Seets, JW; Skowron, LM; Taylor, GD, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " One of their key goals was the establishment of the dose-response relationship between exposure to lead and biologic precursors of adverse health effects." | ( Historical perspective on lead biokinetic models. Rabinowitz, M, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The intracellular bioavailability of lead (Pb) at low dosage levels in major target organs such as the kidney and brain appears to be largely determined by complexation with a group of low molecular weight proteins." | ( Roles of lead-binding proteins in mediating lead bioavailability. Fowler, BA, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "190 were admitted to the clinical research center and fasted overnight prior to dosing with 250 micrograms Pb/70 kg bw (i." | ( Bioavailability of soilborne lead in adults, by stable isotope dilution. Blum, C; Drexler, J; Graziano, J; Lolacono, N; Maddaloni, M; Manton, W, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The spectrophotometric and the atomic absorption spectrometric procedures hold well their accuracy and precision when applied to the analysis of cefotaxime sodium and cefuroxime sodium dosage forms." | ( Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of certain cephalosporins. Abdellatef, HE; Ayad, MM; Elsaid, HM; Shalaby, AA, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Unlike other reported ion-pair techniques, the suggested methods have the advantage of being applicable for the determination of the three drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms without prior extraction." | ( Determination of astemizole, terfenadine and flunarizine hydrochloride by ternary complex formation with eosin and lead(II). Abdel-Fattah, L; Bebawy, LI; Kelani, K, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Feeding was the most sensitive of these, but clear dose-response relationships were observed with all three endpoints." | ( Effects of atmospheric pollution on a Lichenophagous lepidopteran. Reynolds, PJ; Sims, IR, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effects of lead acetate administration on the expression of rat kidney GST." | ( Effects of lead on glutathione S-transferase expression in rat kidney: a dose-response study. Kornguth, SE; Oberley, TD; Siegel, FL; Wright, LS, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Three specimens, composed of blood from dosed cows, are distributed to participants each month." | ( Blood lead proficiency testing: overview of the federally sponsored program in the U.S. Stanton, N, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Dose-response relationships were shown for fat and energy intake by smoking level." | ( Smoking, diet, and health behaviors among lead-exposed blue-collar workers. Froom, P; Harari, G; Kristal-Boneh, E; Ribak, J; Shahar, DR, ) | 0.13 |
| "19 for the dose-response relationship between the natural log of the soil lead level and the natural log of the blood lead level." | ( A multivariate linear regression model for predicting children's blood lead levels based on soil lead levels: A study at four superfund sites. Jones, PA; Lewin, MD; Sarasua, S, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In the dosage used, cypermethrin and cadmium alone caused no significant increase in the chromosomal aberrations, and lead acetate caused an increase of the numerical aberrations only." | ( Simultaneous action of cypermethrin and two environmental pollutant metals, cadmium and lead, on bone marrow cell chromosomes of rats in subchronic administration. Dési, I; Lorencz, R; Nehéz, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The results pointed to the dose-response effect between traffic intensity and lead in hair concentration." | ( Semi-occupational exposure to lead: a case study of child and adolescent street vendors in Istanbul. Furman, A; Laleli, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Two groups of 66 workers and 86 controls were examined with a battery including a questionnaire on neurotoxic symptoms, the measure of performance at neurobehavioral testing, the detection of visual contrast sensitivity, and the dosage of serum prolactin." | ( Assessment of neurobehavioral performance as a function of current and cumulative occupational lead exposure. Albini, E; Alessio, L; Bergamaschi, E; Cortesi, I; Lucchini, R; Placidi, D; Traversa, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Finally, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between career solvent exposure, blood lead level, and personality symptoms." | ( Mood and behavioral symptoms in individuals with chronic solvent exposure. Condray, R; Hodgson, M; Kelley, M; Morrow, LA; Steinhauer, SR, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " No mortalities or signs of plumbism were observed in dosed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) fed a commercial diet, but when given a more natural diet, three of 10 dosed birds died within 1 day." | ( Lead shot toxicity to passerines. Heinz, GH; Spann, JW; Vyas, NB, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " These data suggest that lead directly inhibited steroidogenesis by decreasing StAR protein expression and the activities of P450scc and 3beta-HSD enzymes with a dose-response trend in MA-10 cells." | ( The inhibitory effects of lead on steroidogenesis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Huang, BM; Lai, HY; Liu, MY; Tsai, ML; Yang, BC; Yang, HY, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In the physiological dosage range, Se appears to function as an antimutagenic agent, preventing the malignant transformation of normal cells and the activation of oncogenes." | ( Anticarcinogenic effects of selenium. Schrauzer, GN, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Chronic, low-level dosage of silicofluoride (SiF) has never been adequately tested for health effects in humans." | ( Association of silicofluoride treated water with elevated blood lead. Coplan, MJ; Dykes, JE; Hone, BT; Masters, RD, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Insufficient dosing of magnesium reduced the P removal performance." | ( Controlled struvite crystallisation for removing phosphorus from anaerobic digester sidestreams. Barr, K; Münch, EV, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In conclusion, the authors found a significant inverse dose-response relation between tofu consumption and blood lead levels in this Chinese population." | ( Tofu consumption and blood lead levels in young Chinese adults. Chen, C; Chen, D; Christiani, DC; Li, G; Ronnenberg, A; Ryan, L; Wang, X; Watanabe, H; Xu, X, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " As part of a program for assessment of the quality of herbal medicines, we have analyzed 21 over-the-counter ginseng (Panax ginseng) products in various dosage forms." | ( Determination of heavy metals and pesticides in ginseng products. Abourashed, EA; Allgood, J; Benson, WH; Khan, IA; Schlenk, D; Walker, LA, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dose-response studies showed that OP cultures were more sensitive to Pb than mature OLs." | ( Lead exposure delays the differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitors in vitro. Deng, W; McKinnon, RD; Poretz, RD, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Fish and Wildlife Service required a chronic dosing study that assessed the health and reproductive effects of tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot in adult game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) prior to granting permanent approval of the shot for waterfowl hunting." | ( Hematological effects and metal residue concentrations following chronic dosing with tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot in adult game-farm mallards. Aulerich, RJ; Balander, RJ; Bursian, SJ; Cray, C; Fitzgerald, SD; Mitchell, RR; Powell, DC; Stevens, W; Tempelman, RJ, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Dosing was conducted daily beginning on day 8 postpartum." | ( The effects of elevated blood lead levels and succimer chelation therapy on physical growth in developing rhesus monkeys. Lasky, RE; Laughlin, NK; Luck, ML, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Based on a series of dosing trials in a juvenile swine model, site-specific estimates of relative bioavailability of Pb in soil ranged from 3% to 86% compared to soluble lead acetate." | ( Refining the risk assessment of metal-contaminated soils. Basta, N; Casteel, S; Evans, T; Henningsen, G; Hoffman, E; Turk, J; Weis, C, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "There is limited information defining the optimal dosing regimen of succimer in the treatment of children with chronic lead poisoning." | ( A comparison of two dosing regimens of succimer in children with chronic lead poisoning. Farrar, HC; McLeane, LR; Wallace, M; Watson, J; White, K, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " These results suggest that at the Pb dosage employed, the embryo may be more sensitive to the full range of Pb-induced immunotoxic effects with late gestational Pb exposure, and the effects of Pb on DTH function are more pronounced in females." | ( Exposure to lead during critical windows of embryonic development: differential immunotoxic outcome based on stage of exposure and gender. Bunn, TL; Dietert, RR; Kao, E; Parsons, PJ, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Two groups of eight adult male zebra finches were dosed with, respectively, 0 and 25 ppm lead as lead acetate in their drinking water." | ( Tissue levels of lead in experimentally exposed zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with particular attention on the use of feathers as biomonitors. Bervoets, L; Blust, R; Dauwe, T; Eens, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in single or combined dosage forms with average% recoveries of 99." | ( LC of pharmaceutically important halogenated 8-hydroxyquinolines after precolumn derivatization with Pd (II). Ahmed, S; Belal, F; Ibrahim, F; Rizk, M; Sheribah, ZA, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "03 micromol/L could inhibit neural cell variability and differentiation by 50%, respectively, both in a significant dose-response pattern." | ( [Toxicity to neural cell development of lead and its relation to glutathione]. Fu, S; Li, H, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The findings indicated a biphasic dose-response with low concentrations associated with a modest decrease in hepatocyte survival, while at the highest concentration, survival was significantly enhanced (60%)." | ( Effects of per os lead acetate administration on mouse hepatocyte survival. Calabrese, EJ; Carelli, G; Castellino, N; Iavicoli, I; Stanek, EJ, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Captive game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were dosed with five No." | ( Effects of diet and soil on the toxicity of lead in mallards. Sanderson, GC, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the dose-response relationship between blood lead and all cancer mortality." | ( The association of blood lead level and cancer mortality among whites in the United States. Devesa, SS; Flegal, KM; Graubard, BI; Jemal, A, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "To determine the dose-response relationship between blood lead concentration ([PbB]) and scotopic ERG amplitude in 7- to 10-year-old children with lifetime lead exposure." | ( Increased ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes in 7- to 10-year-old children resulting from prenatal lead exposure. Casanueva, E; Fox, DA; Geller, AM; Hudnell, HK; Rothenberg, SJ; Salgado-Valladares, M; Schnaas, L, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Only maternal [PbB] at 12 weeks of pregnancy showed a significant dose-response relationship with the ERG measures, so that with increasing [PbB] there were significant increases in leading-edge a-wave amplitude, peak a-wave amplitude, and b-wave amplitude and sensitivity, with no changes in implicit times." | ( Increased ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes in 7- to 10-year-old children resulting from prenatal lead exposure. Casanueva, E; Fox, DA; Geller, AM; Hudnell, HK; Rothenberg, SJ; Salgado-Valladares, M; Schnaas, L, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Data suggest that rats dosed with relatively high levels of lead acetate for short periods of time induced changes in the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the molecular level, but these changes were attenuated with increased concentration of exposure." | ( Long-term, low-dose lead exposure alters the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system in the male rat. Chapin, RE; Gentzschein, E; Sokol, RZ; Stanczyk, FZ; Wan, YJ; Wang, S, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Correlation analysis of the principal components showed that lead could not significantly change the relation of hemoglobin adduct with time after dosing 4-aminobiphenyl." | ( Effects of lead on 4-aminobiphenyl pharmacokinetics in liver, kidney, spleen, testes, heart, lung and hemoglobin adduct for rat model. Chen, HM; Qin, T; Xu, XB; Zhao, LX, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "In an earlier paper examining inherited tolerance to Pb, the shell growth of laboratory-bred offspring of Helix aspersa from contaminated sites was compared with that ofjuveniles from naive populations on dosed and undosed diets." | ( Lead reduces shell mass in juvenile garden snails (Helix aspersa). Beeby, A; Herpé, F; Richmond, L, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Dose-response relationship was discovered in the process, positive percentage of Pb-B and FEP were 20." | ( [Relationship between blood lead and free erythrocyte-protoporphyrin of female workers exposed to low concentration of lead operating environment]. Liu, L; Wang, X; Yang, J, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys of Wood Ducks were comparable with those of specimens dosed with cadmium or inhabiting contaminated areas in previous studies." | ( Cadmium and lead in tissues of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) using the Illinois River (USA). Levengood, JM, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose-effect and dose-response relationships between the integrated indexes Cd-A x t (mg/m3 x years of exposure) and Cd-B x t (microg/l x years of exposure), and the increase in retinol binding protein excretion in urine (RBP-U) and beta2-microglobulin concentration in serum (beta2M-S)." | ( Integrated indexes of occupational exposure as predictors of kidney dysfunction. Hałatek, T; Jakubowski, M; Raźniewska, G; Szymczak, W; Trzcinka-Ochocka, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "2 ppm lead acetate) at a dosage known to impair learning in children, showed reduced learning and less intense calexcitin staining whether the CS and US were paired or given randomly." | ( Pavlovian conditioning-specific increases of the Ca2+- and GTP-binding protein, calexcitin in identified Hermissenda visual cells. Alkon, DL; Buck, D; Child, FM; Epstein, HT; Kuzirian, AM; Nelson, T, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " We orally dosed turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) with BB-sized lead shot from January 1988 through July 1988 to determine physiologic response (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition, erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, anemia), diagnostic tissue lead concentrations (blood, liver, and kidney), and comparative sensitivity of this species." | ( Experimental lead poisoning in turkey vultures (Cathartes aura). Carpenter, JW; Fritts, SH; Pattee, OH; Rattner, BA; Royle, JA; Smith, MR; Wiemeyer, SN, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The same modelling highlighted a significant non-linear (parabolic) dose-response relationship between lead blood and haematocrit values." | ( [Lead pollution and hematologic effects in the city of La Spezia]. Baldi, R; Fontana, V; Franchini, M; Gridelli, P; Neri, R; Palmieri, F; Parodi, S; Puntoni, R; Ricco, U, ) | 0.13 |
| " Previously unexposed worms exposed to different low concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 for 4 weeks demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship between NRRTs and body burdens of Pb." | ( The influence of exposure history to lead on the lysosomal response in Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Reinecke, AJ; Reinecke, SA, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Calves in groups 2 to 5 were dosed daily with lead (5 mg/kg, PO) for 10 days." | ( Effects of calcium disodium EDTA and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on tissue concentrations of lead for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis. Ko, KW; Meldrum, JB, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Four- to 6-d-old heron nestlings (one/nest) at Chincoteague Bay, Virginia (USA), received a single intraperitoneal injection of dosing vehicle (control, n = 7) or a dose of lead nitrate in water (0." | ( Lead accumulation in feathers of nestling black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally treated in the field. Cohen, JB; Golden, NH; Hoffman, DJ; Ottinger, MA; Rattner, BA; Russek-Cohen, E, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "In Malaysia, the phase 3 registration for traditional medicines was implemented on 1 January 1992 under the Control of Drugs and Cosmetics Regulation 1984, emphasizing quality, efficacy and safety (including the detection of the presence of heavy metals) in all pharmaceutical dosage forms of traditional medicine preparations." | ( Analysis of lead content in herbal preparations in Malaysia. Ang, HH; Lee, EL; Matsumoto, K, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Twenty mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes were dosed by oral gavage with Heavi-Shot (H-S; Environ-Metal, Inc." | ( Acute toxicity of lead, steel, and an iron-tungsten-nickel shot to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Amick, D; Brewer, L; Clark, J; Fairbrother, A, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Blood Pb concentrations increased by an order of magnitude within a week after dosing three crocodiles with five lead shot each, and then attained steady-state equilibrium 5-20 weeks after dosing, with blood Pb steady-state levels ranging from 278 to 363 microg/dL." | ( Experimental study of blood lead kinetics in estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) exposed to ingested lead shot. Hammerton, KM; Jayasinghe, N; Jeffree, RA; Lim, RP, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Because these studies utilized different experimental regimens for dosing and for monitoring Pb levels, it has not been possible to determine which rat line provides the best model for low level Pb toxicity studies." | ( Low level lead (Pb) exposure during gestation and lactation: assessment of effects on pubertal development in Fisher 344 and Sprague-Dawley female rats. Bratton, GR; Dearth, RK; Hiney, JK; Les Dees, W; Srivastava, V, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Dosage was adjusted biweekly on the basis of responses to a dietary Ca intake questionnaire to reach 1800 mg in the Ca-supplemented group." | ( A randomized trial of calcium supplementation for childhood lead poisoning. Markowitz, ME; Rosen, JF; Sinnett, M, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " We found that the acquisition of these tasks was not affected by lead, however, the highest dosage of lead (500 ppm) impaired memory consolidation in spatial and inhibitory avoidance tasks, but not in cue maze task while the 250 ppm dose only affected retrieval of spatial memory." | ( Cognitive deficits in adult rats by lead intoxication are related with regional specific inhibition of cNOS. Balderas, I; Bermúdez-Rattoni, F; Escobar, ML; García-Arenas, G; Ramírez-Amaya, V; Ríos, C; Sandoval, J, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " A dose-response relationship was also recorded with respect to the induction of stress genes in HepG2 cells exposed to lead nitrate." | ( Lead-induced cytotoxicity and transcriptional activation of stress genes in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Foxx, DN; Ishaque, AB; Shen, E; Tchounwou, PB; Yedjou, CG, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The non-linear dose-response relationship, which attests to an adverse effect on the erythrocytic function of BLLs at least over 17." | ( Adverse haematological outcome and environmental lead poisoning. Baldi, R; Fontana, V; Franchini, M; Gridelli, P; Neri, R; Palmieri, F; Parodi, S; Puntoni, R; Ricco, U, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Lethal concentrations (defined as > 50% suppression of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity) of metals were determined by dose-response curves with the use of 72 h exposures to human THP-1 monocytes." | ( Sublethal concentrations of Au (III), Pd (II), and Ni(II) differentially alter inflammatory cytokine secretion from activated monocytes. Bouillaguet, S; Lewis, JB; Lockwood, PE; Messer, RL; Volkmann, KR; Wataha, JC, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "The effect of the dosing vehicle (e." | ( Validation of the in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) method to estimate relative bioavailable lead in contaminated soils. Basta, NT; Casteel, SW; Evans, TJ; Payton, ME; Schroder, L; Si, J, ) | 0.13 |
| " Visual inspection of nonparametric regression plots suggested a gradual linear dose-response relation for most endpoints." | ( Neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal lead exposure at very low levels. Chiodo, LM; Jacobson, JL; Jacobson, SW, ) | 0.13 |
| " This dose-response relationship represents novel findings of possible ecological as well as public health significance and indicates that lead is able to induce biologically significant changes at blood lead levels previously thought to be without effect." | ( Effects of low doses of dietary lead on puberty onset in female mice. Calabrese, EJ; Carelli, G; Castellino, N; Iavicoli, I; Stanek, EJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "The DCA (Drug Control Authority), Malaysia implemented the phase 3 registration of traditional medicines on 1 January 1992 with special emphasis on the quality, efficacy and safety (including the presence of heavy metals) in all pharmaceutical dosage forms of traditional medicinal preparations." | ( Determination of lead in Smilax myosotiflora herbal preparations obtained in Malaysia. Ang, HH; Kiyoshi, M; Lee, KL, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "To investigate time to pregnancy (TTP) in male lead workers in order to determine the dose-response relation between blood lead and decreased fecundity." | ( Decreased fecundity among male lead workers. Chen, PC; Shiau, CY; Wang, JD, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "After other factors associated with TTP were controlled for, there was a dose-response relation between blood lead level and TTP." | ( Decreased fecundity among male lead workers. Chen, PC; Shiau, CY; Wang, JD, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " After co-cultivated with different dosage of PbCl(2), the NCAM expression of the neurons were tested with Western blotting at different culture time." | ( [Impact of low-level lead exposure on neural cell adhesion molecule expression of primarily cultured hippocampal neurons]. Chen, XM; Dong, SZ; Fu, HJ; Hu, QS; Ren, TL, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " NCAM expression was inhibited significantly by lead during the 2nd to 4th cultured day, and dose-response relationship was observed." | ( [Impact of low-level lead exposure on neural cell adhesion molecule expression of primarily cultured hippocampal neurons]. Chen, XM; Dong, SZ; Fu, HJ; Hu, QS; Ren, TL, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Estimates of daily metal ingestion for adults and children estimated using manufacturers' dosage recommendations with comparisons to US Pharmacopeia and US Environmental Protection Agency regulatory standards." | ( Heavy metal content of ayurvedic herbal medicine products. Burns, MJ; Davis, RB; Eisenberg, DM; Kales, SN; Paquin, J; Phillips, RS; Saper, RB, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "05), and indicated a dose-response relationship." | ( Monitoring of pollution of air fine particles (PM2.5) and study on their genetic toxicity. Xu, DQ; Zhang, WL, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Some studies suggest a link between increased parental lead exposure and congenital malformations, although considerable uncertainty remains regarding the specific malformations and the dose-response relationships." | ( Teratogen update: lead and pregnancy. Bellinger, DC, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "In responding to Drs Calabrese and Baldwin's question, 'At what point, if ever, should hormesis be employed as the principal dose response default assumption in risk assessment?', we examined the benefits of replacing traditional dose-response with hormesis." | ( Examining the risks and benefits of replacing traditional dose-response with hormesis. Oehme, FW; Pickrell, JA, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Smoking frequency appeared to show negative dose-response effects on maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations, Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios, and birth weight." | ( Maternal and neonatal scalp hair concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead: relationship to some lifestyle factors. Ghribi, I; Razagui, IB, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " As such, a total of 100 products in various pharmaceutical dosage forms of a herbal preparation containing Smilax luzonensis, either single or combined preparations, were analyzed for the presence of lead, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry." | ( Determination of lead in Smilax luzonensis herbal preparations in Malaysia. Ang, HH; Kiyoshi, M; Lee, KL, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dose-response and exposure assessments were based on their mothers' blood lead levels." | ( Estimation of burden of lead for offspring of female lead workers: a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) assessment. Chao, KY; Chuang, HY; Wang, JD, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Statistical evaluation of the dose-response function in lead epidemiology is rarely attempted." | ( Testing the dose-response specification in epidemiology: public health and policy consequences for lead. Rothenberg, JC; Rothenberg, SJ, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " There was obviously dose-response relationship between blood lead and TP, beta(2)-MG and NAG, respectively." | ( [Application of benchmark dose on occupational epidemiology research in lead exposure]. Jin, TY; Lu, XT; Tian, L, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " After adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, water Mn was associated with reduced Full-Scale, Performance, and Verbal raw scores, in a dose-response fashion; the low level of As in water had no effect." | ( Water manganese exposure and children's intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Ahsan, H; Cheng, Z; Factor-Litvak, P; Graziano, JH; Kline, J; Levy, D; Liu, X; LoIacono, NJ; Parvez, F; Slavkovich, V; van Geen, A; Wasserman, GA; Zheng, Y, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "To verify whether, after taking into account the main confounding factors, occupational lead exposure is shown to induce changes in the number of blood neutrophil leucocytes, and to assess a possible dose-response relationship between Pb-B and the circulating neutrophil count in exposed workers." | ( Evaluation of peripheral blood neutrophil leucocytes in lead-exposed workers. Corfiati, M; Di Lorenzo, L; Gagliardi, T; Martino, MG; Silvestroni, A; Soleo, L, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " When analyzing dose-response relationships, negative correlations were found between PbB and performance in the block design test, and between PbB and scores in the visual recognition and digit-symbol substitution tests." | ( No cognitive deficits in men formerly exposed to lead. Barth, A; Osterode, W; Pilger, A; Ponocny-Seliger, E; Rüdiger, HW; Winker, R, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Due to variations in soil physicochemical properties, species physiology, and contaminant speciation, Pb toxicity is difficult to evaluate without conducting in vivo dose-response studies." | ( Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils. Furman, O; Heinz, GH; Strawn, DG; Williams, B, ) | 0.13 |
| "In examining traditional dose-response and hormesis, we have considered the case examples of pulmonary hyperplasia following inhalation of carbon black and pulmonary hyperplasia after methyleneindolenine (3MEIN) exposures, development of irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, effect of continuous exercise and low-level lead exposures, and colorectal cancer." | ( Examining the risks and benefits of considering both the traditional dose--response and hormesis in arriving at an acceptable exposure level. Oehme, FW; Pickrell, JA, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "3-m sprint track interfaced with a laptop computer 24 hrs prior to dosing and again at 4, 24, 120, and 312 hrs post-dose." | ( Effect of acute exposure to malathion and lead on sprint performance of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis). Holem, RR; Hopkins, WA; Talent, LG, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Environ Health Perspect 2005;113(7):894-899] has suggested the existence of a supra-linear dose-response relationship between environmental measures such as blood lead concentrations and IQ." | ( What is the meaning of non-linear dose-response relationships between blood lead concentrations and IQ? Beck, BD; Bowers, TS, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " A new kind of inorganic chemical agent apatite was chosen to treat with this kind of incineration flyash, the results indicate that the heavy metals (not including Cd in some samples) in the treated flyash using apatite at dosage 7% can reach the landfilling standards for hazardous waste, and the treated flyash can have better stabilization when the size of apatite was 74 microm, and the heavy metal leaching concentration of the treated flyash keep stable at a curing time of 1 day, and it can keep stabilization with a broader pH value of 3 to 11." | ( [Chemical stabilization technology in treating with flyash using apatite]. Deng, Z; Jiang, JG; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, ZZ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The metal adsorption yields also increased with the increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time and reached to equilibrium for both adsorbents." | ( Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions by pyrite and synthetic iron sulphide. Erdem, M; Ozverdi, A, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " We statistically evaluated dose-response nonlinearity." | ( Reduced intellectual development in children with prenatal lead exposure. Flores, MF; Hernandez, C; Martinez, S; Osorio, E; Perroni, E; Rothenberg, SJ; Schnaas, L; Velasco, SR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The dose-response BPb-IQ function was log-linear, not linear-linear." | ( Reduced intellectual development in children with prenatal lead exposure. Flores, MF; Hernandez, C; Martinez, S; Osorio, E; Perroni, E; Rothenberg, SJ; Schnaas, L; Velasco, SR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " A subset of five soils and Pb acetate was used for a minipig dosing study." | ( Comparison of soil Pb in vitro bioaccessibility and in vivo bioavailability with Pb pools from a sequential soil extraction. Hack, A; Marschner, B; Welge, P; Wilhelm, M; Wittsiepe, J, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " This dose-response relationship, which replicates previous novel findings, has possible ecological as well as public health significance and indicates that lead is able to induce biologically significant changes at blood lead levels previously thought to be without effect." | ( Low doses of dietary lead are associated with a profound reduction in the time to the onset of puberty in female mice. Calabrese, EJ; Carelli, G; Castellino, N; Iavicoli, I; Li, Z; Stanek, EJ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " These associations are similar to those found in different animal species experimentally dosed with copper and other metals, as well as in cattle exposed to normal copper concentrations." | ( Influence of copper status on the accumulation of toxic and essential metals in cattle. Benedito, JL; Blanco-Penedo, I; Castillo, C; Cruz, JM; Hernández, J; López-Alonso, M; Miranda, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Kathmandu tricycle taxi drivers, whose environmental lead (Pb) exposure is ascribable mainly to vehicular exhaust, were studied to examine a dose-response relationship between blood Pb (Pb-B) and serum erythropoietin (sEPO) concentrations." | ( Inverse relationship between serum erythropoietin and blood lead concentrations in Kathmandu tricycle taxi drivers. Hirai, K; Kishi, T; Mori, I; Ogoshi, K; Ohno, Y; Sakata, S; Sherchand, JB; Shibata, M; Shimizu, S; Takaki, M; Ueda, M; Utsumi, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The flotation recoveries respectively of Pb2+ and biomass more than 93% and 96% for with DA dosage of 17." | ( [Biosorptive-flotation and desorption operation of heavy metals from wastewater effluents by Gordona amarae]. Wei, DZ; Zhou, DQ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The percentage of removed Zn did not exceed 75% regardless of the soil, EDTA dosage and leaching steps." | ( Multi-step leaching of Pb and Zn contaminated soils with EDTA. Finzgar, N; Lestan, D, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " We estimated the RBA of a test material by fitting mathematical models to the dose-response curves for each measurement end point and finding the ratio of doses that gave equal responses." | ( Estimation of relative bioavailability of lead in soil and soil-like materials using young Swine. Brattin, WJ; Casteel, SW; Henningsen, GM; Weis, CP, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " It was concluded that the responses of different photosynthetic indexes and different Vicia faba varieties to small dosage Pb pollution were differed, and the intraspecific difference could only be detected by the integration of all photosynthetic indices." | ( [Responses of different Vicia faba varieties' photosynthetic characteristics to Pb pollution]. Duan, C; He, F; Lei, D; Song, C, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Thirty male Wistar rats were chosen and randomly divided into the low lead dosage group, the high lead dosage group and the control group, 10 rats in each group." | ( [Brain impairment induced by oral intake of lead and its effects on expression of Hoxa9 Gen in Rats]. Ge, Y; Li, MJ; Liu, YX; Liu, YZ; Xie, L; Zou, W, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "01) (at the end of the experiment, the low lead dosage group: 31." | ( [Brain impairment induced by oral intake of lead and its effects on expression of Hoxa9 Gen in Rats]. Ge, Y; Li, MJ; Liu, YX; Liu, YZ; Xie, L; Zou, W, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The effects of pH, initial concentration, biosorbent dosage and contact time were studied in batch experiments." | ( Biosorption of lead and copper from aqueous solutions by pre-treated crab and arca shell biomass. Dahiya, S; Hegde, AG; Tripathi, RM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " In earlier work, we dosed turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) with lead shot but found them to be a poor model for lead poisoning." | ( Lead poisoning in captive Andean condors (Vultur gryphus). Carpenter, JW; Fritts, SH; Pattee, OH; Rattner, BA; Royle, JA; Smith, MR; Wiemeyer, SN, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The authors can control the accuracy of preparation dosage and guarantee the quality of products by determining the trace elements." | ( [Determination of trace elements in Mongolian medicine gardi-13 by ICP-AES with microware digestion]. Bao, YD; E, ED; Na, RG, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " In a whole animal experiment, rats were trained in a water maze and thereafter dosed with lead and/or curcumin (CURC), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), or bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) for 5 days." | ( Curcuminoids, curcumin, and demethoxycurcumin reduce lead-induced memory deficits in male Wistar rats. Antunes, E; Dairam, A; Daya, S; Limson, JL; Watkins, GM, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The application of K(2)SO(4) reduced the uptake of Cd in different parts including roots, haulms and grains of wheat; the optimum dosage was the K2 level." | ( Interaction between cadmium, lead and potassium fertilizer (K2SO4) in a soil-plant system. Chao, L; Chen, S; Guo, G; Sun, L; Sun, T, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Despite the known and suspected risks associated with such exposures, critical aspects of the dose-response relationships are unknown or, at best, poorly characterized for the overwhelming majority of chemicals." | ( Children's cognitive health: the influence of environmental chemical exposures. Bellinger, DC, ) | 0.13 |
| " They were tested in the laboratory, where the filters were dosed three times per week with semi-synthetic stormwater for five weeks." | ( Stormwater reuse: designing biofiltration systems for reliable treatment. Deletic, A; Fletcher, TD; Hatt, BE, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Several studies have identified a dose-response relationship." | ( Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease--a systematic review. Guallar, E; Navas-Acien, A; Rothenberg, SJ; Silbergeld, EK, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The implications of the dose-response for arsenic exposure for risk estimation merit further consideration." | ( Lung cancer mortality at a UK tin smelter. Atkin, P; Batlle, JV; Holroyd, C; Jones, SR; Lutman, E; Wakeford, R; Walker, P, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " There was a statistically significant dose-response relationship between ALAD activity in cells of Burkholderia gladioli and Pb (Pearson correlation coefficent = -0." | ( Comparison of ALAD activities of Citrobacter and Pseudomonas strains and their usage as biomarker for Pb contamination. Ciğerci, IH; Konuk, M; Korcan, SE; Oztürk, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Visual inspection of non-parametric regression plots suggested a gradual linear dose-response relationship for each endpoint." | ( Blood lead levels and specific attention effects in young children. Ager, J; Chiodo, LM; Covington, C; Delaney-Black, V; Greenwald, M; Hannigan, JH; Jannise, J; Sokol, RJ, ) | 0.13 |
| " The effects of preconcentration time, dosage of CCTS, adsorption capacity of CCTS, sample volume, coexistent elements, and elution of Pd(II) were investigated." | ( [Preconcentration of trace Pd (II) on crosslinked chitosan and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry]. Deng, HB; Li, XQ; Lin, H; Qian, SH; Xiang, LJ; Xiao, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The present study demonstrated a dose-response relationship between blood lead and hearing thresholds, after adjusting other potential confounders in multiple regressions." | ( A case-control study on the relationship of hearing function and blood concentrations of lead, manganese, arsenic, and selenium. Chen, CJ; Chiu, YW; Chuang, HY; Ho, CK; Kuo, CH; Wu, TN, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Therefore, mercury concentrations in cord blood and tissue can be accepted as more useful and valid biomarkers of fetal exposure to MeHg, for assessing a dose-response relationship in children at the developmental stage, than maternal mercury concentrations at parturition." | ( Assessment of intrauterine methylmercury exposure affecting child development: messages from the newborn. Dakeishi, M; Murata, K; Satoh, H; Shimada, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The enhancement of lead removal was approximately 21 to 37% by ferrate pretreatment at a dosage of 1 to 5 mg/L." | ( Enhanced removal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) from water in alum coagulation by ferrate(VI) pretreatment. Jun, M; Liang, YM; Liu, W, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "2), initial lead concentration (8-30 mg/l) and biomass dosage (1." | ( Application of response surface methodology for optimization of lead biosorption in an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger. Amini, M; Bahramifar, N; Daneshi, A; Ghorbani, F; Lorestani, AA; Sharifzadeh, M; Younesi, H, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Ortho-phosphate has increasingly been dosed at around 1 mg/L (P) to further reduce the corrosivity of supplies to the lead pipes which connect approximately 30% of houses to water mains in the company's area, additional to long-establish pH adjustment measures." | ( Experience in Wales (UK) of the optimisation of ortho-phosphate dosing for controlling lead in drinking water. Balch, M; Hayes, CR; Incledion, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " In addition, a meta-regression analysis was taken to explore a dose-response relationship between the mean difference of testes weight (MD(testes)) and available confounding factors." | ( Effects of lead exposure on sperm concentrations and testes weight in male rats: a meta-regression analysis. Chen, F; Qian, L; Wang, L; Wang, X; Xun, P; Zhao, Y, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " By comparing PdCl2 with NH4H2PO4 in improving effect on the determination of Pb, the dosage of PdCl2, acidity of medium, interference of coexistent ion, recovery of the method, precision of the method, and the detection limit were checked." | ( [Determination of trace lead in Chinese medicinal materials by GFAAS with PdCl2 as a matrix modifier]. Hu, JW; Huang, XF; Qin, FX; Zhang, D; Zhang, MS, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " A total of 100 products in various pharmaceutical dosage forms of a herbal preparation, containing Eugenia dyeriana, either single or combined preparations (more than one medicinal plant), were analyzed for the presence of lead contamination, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry." | ( Lead contamination in Eugenia dyeriana herbal preparations from different commercial sources in Malaysia. Ang, HH, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " For quantification purposes, matrix-matched laboratory standards were prepared by means of dosing of each analyte to the pieces of brain tissue." | ( Quantitative imaging of zinc, copper and lead in three distinct regions of the human brain by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Becker, JS; Dehnhardt, M; Dobrowolska, J; Koscielniak, P; Matusch, A; Palomero-Gallagher, N; Zilles, K; Zoriy, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between lead exposure and prevalence of osteoporosis." | ( Osteoporosis in a Chinese population due to occupational exposure to lead. Chang, X; Jin, T; Lei, L; Sun, D; Sun, Y; Zhang, H; Zhou, Z; Zhu, G, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " These summary estimates, however, were based on published data and we could not evaluate nonlinear dose-response relationships, the relative contribution of bone and blood lead levels, or the influence of differences in study populations." | ( Bone lead levels and blood pressure endpoints: a meta-analysis. Guallar, E; Hu, H; Navas-Acien, A; Rothenberg, SJ; Schwartz, BS; Silbergeld, EK, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The parameters that were considered for batch adsorption were pH (4, 5 and 6), time of contact (1, 2 and 3 hrs), temperature (30, 37 and 45 degrees C) and dosage of the adsorbent (2,4 and 6 g/L)." | ( Remediation of lead from lead electroplating industrial effluent using sago waste. Jeyanthi, GP; Shanthi, G, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Interestingly, bell-shaped dose-response curves emerged." | ( Opposite effects of alpha-lipoic acid on antioxidation and long-term potentiation in control and chronically lead-exposed rats. Chen, XT; Liu, J; Ruan, DY; Tang, ML; Wang, HL; Wu, CY; Yin, ST, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The effects such as, pH, biosorbent dosage on the adsorption capacities of PNS were studied." | ( Pecan nutshell as biosorbent to remove Cu(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Brasil, JL; Cardoso, NF; da Cunha, BM; Dias, SL; Lima, EC; Royer, B; Vaghetti, JC, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between lead exposure and prevalence of osteoporosis, renal dysfunction and bone metabolism." | ( Estimation of benchmark dose for bone damage and renal dysfunction in a Chinese male population occupationally exposed to lead. Chang, X; Jin, T; Lei, L; Sun, D; Sun, Y; Zhang, H; Zhou, Z; Zhu, G, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "To study the dose-response relation of the fish drugs and their joint toxicity on the luminescent bacteria." | ( [A study on toxicity of aquaculture drugs to luminescent bacteria]. Liu, H; Ma, J; Shi, C; Wu, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "42) microg/L respectively in the low, middle and high lead dosage group when the rat's offspring was one day and 21 day old." | ( [Effects of prenatal exposure to low level lead on expression of GAP-43 in hippocampus of rat's offspring]. Cheng, JX; Niu, YJ; Song, B; Yin, J; Zhang, R, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Optimum conditions for Pb(II) removal were found to be pH 5, adsorbent dosage 5 g/L of solution and equilibrium time 1h." | ( The sorption of lead(II) ions on rice husk ash. Bhattacharya, AK; Das, SK; Mandal, S; Naiya, TK, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "05), and a dose-response relationship was observed." | ( Cadmium in blood and hypertension. Eum, KD; Lee, MS; Paek, D, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The percent adsorption of Cu(2+) and Pb(2+) ions increased with an increase in pH and dosage of treated BS." | ( Utilization of barley straws as biosorbents for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions. Altun, T; Parlayici, S; Pehlivan, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Phytotoxicity parameters were estimated from a dose-response experiment using the aboveground dry matter growth endpoint and were correlated with an assortment of relevant soil property measurements, with the ultimate goal of developing statistical prediction models for soil-specific adjustments to ecological risk assessments." | ( Application of ridge regression to quantify marginal effects of collinear soil properties on phytotoxicity of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc. Anderson, RH; Basta, NT, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "01) and a positive dose-response profile." | ( Comparative effects of Cd and Pb on biochemical response and DNA damage in the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Cui, Y; Kong, Z; Li, D; Li, M; Liu, Z; Xu, Y, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Cadmium in sufficient cumulative dosage leads to the production of the Fanconi syndrome, a generalized proximal tubular reabsorptive defect thought to be related to inhibition of both ATP production and Na-K-ATPase activity." | ( Nephrotoxicity of cadmium & lead. Gonick, HC, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The regulating pH value up to 9 could improve the removal efficiency of Pb(II) up to 95% by coagulation under the optimum dosage of coagulant PFS of 10 mg/L." | ( [Emergent treatment process for raw water polluted by heavy metal Pb (II)]. Chu, WH; Gao, NY; Qin, ZQ; Shang, YB; Yao, JJ, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage level and equilibrium contact time were studied." | ( Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on activated alumina. Bhattacharya, AK; Das, SK; Naiya, TK, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The dose-response relationship between hematological effects (hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit) and Pb-B was aggregated for different species." | ( Lead toxicity to wildlife: derivation of a critical blood concentration for wildlife monitoring based on literature data. Buekers, J; Redeker, ES; Smolders, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The percent removal of both the metals was found to increase with the increase in biosorbent dosage and contact time." | ( Biosorption of cadmium (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions using mushrooms: a comparative study. Das, N; Vimala, R, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The effect of contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage on removal of lead and zinc by adsorption was investigated." | ( Removal of lead and zinc ions from water by low cost adsorbents. Mishra, PC; Patel, RK, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "5mM ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) was added in single dosage for 14 days to low Pb soil (treated with 400 mg kg(-1)soil)." | ( The effect of EDDS addition on the phytoextraction efficiency from Pb contaminated soil by Sedum alfredii Hance. Islam, E; Jin, X; Li, T; Liu, D; Mahmood, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yang, X, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Addition of Ca2+, Mg2+ also decreases the Qe of Cu2+, but low dosage of Na+ and tested dosage of K+ increase the Qe of Cu2+." | ( [Biosorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by an exopolysaccharide from the deep-sea psychrophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913]. Gao, BY; Li, WW; Wang, J; Zhang, YZ; Zhou, WZ, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The amendment combination investigated successfully increased the immobilization of Pb, Cu and Cd by this minesoil, but a change in the amendment dosage is necessary in order to achieve near-neutral pH and minimize the predominance of Ca(2+) in the exchangeable cation complex." | ( Effects of sewage sludge and barley straw treatment on the sorption and retention of Cu, Cd and Pb by coppermine Anthropic Regosols. Andrade, ML; Covelo, EF; Vega, FA, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Optimum pH for the adsorption was found to be 5 with corresponding adsorbent dosage level of 5 g/L." | ( Clarified sludge (basic oxygen furnace sludge)--an adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions--kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption studies. Bhattacharya, AK; Das, SK; Naiya, TK, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The effects of contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, adsorbent dosage and temperature have been reported." | ( Adsorption of copper (II), chromium (III), nickel (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by meranti sawdust. Ahmad, A; Hashim, R; Rafatullah, M; Sulaiman, O, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Batch mode adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the effects of pH, agitation speed, CNTs dosage and contact time." | ( Kinetic adsorption of application of carbon nanotubes for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution. Al-Mamun, A; Alam, MD; Atieh, MA; Kabbashi, NA; Mirghami, ME; Yahya, N, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " We find that early childhood lead exposure is associated with lower performance on reading EOG test scores in a clear dose-response pattern, with the effects increasingly more pronounced in moving from the high end to the low end of the test score distribution." | ( Environmental contributors to the achievement gap. Kim, D; Maxson, P; Miranda, ML; Overstreet Galeano, MA; Reiter, J, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The biofilters were dosed with stormwater according to three different dry/wet schemes, to investigate the effect of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on metal removal." | ( Influence of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on heavy metal removal by stormwater biofilters. Blecken, GT; Deletić, A; Fletcher, TD; Viklander, M; Zinger, Y, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Under the same experimental conditions, orthophosphate dosing inhibited the formation of Pb(IV) oxides." | ( The inhibition of Pb(IV) oxide formation in chlorinated water by orthophosphate. Lytle, DA; Scheckel, K; Schock, MR, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " After adjustment for confounders and using a log dose-response model for lead concentration, blood lead levels showed significant associations with reading, writing and spelling grades on SATs, and antisocial behaviour." | ( Effects of early childhood lead exposure on academic performance and behaviour of school age children. Chandramouli, K; Ellis, M; Emond, AM; Steer, CD, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "The principal aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of where lead (Pb) accumulates and how it is distributed, within the bones of dosed goats." | ( Localized accumulation of lead within and among bones from lead-dosed goats. Cretacci, Y; Parsons, PJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "05), and on the 4th day, the low dosage mice's escape latencies were delayed (P<0." | ( [Change of unsaturated fatty acids in hippocampus of mice exposed to lead]. Gong, JF; Jiang, PY; Wu, XH; Xu, XB, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " By including human biomonitoring (HBM) data, a greater precision in exposure and associated risk estimates and more accurate dose-response relationships may be achieved." | ( Availability and comparability of human biomonitoring data across Europe: a case-study on blood-lead levels. Alimonti, A; Cerna, M; Den Hond, E; Kristiansen, J; Palkovicova, L; Ranft, U; Schoeters, G; Seldén, AI; Smolders, R; Telisman, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Administration of either H(2)tspa or thiamine to male albino Sprague-Dawley rats dosed 30 min previously with PbMe(2)(NO(3))(2) was associated with reduced inhibition of delta-ALAD by the organolead compound, and with lower lead levels in kidney and brain, but joint administration of both H(2)tspa and thiamine only lowered lead concentration in the kidney." | ( Interactions of diorganolead(IV) with 3-(2-thienyl)-2-sulfanylpropenoic acid and/or thiamine: chemical and in vitro and in vivo toxicological results. Alvarez-Lorenzo, C; Camiña, MF; Casas, JS; Castaño, MV; Castellano, EE; Couce, MD; Gato, A; Sánchez, A; Sordo, J; Torres, MD, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Although men but not women appeared to be at increased risk of lead-induced inflammation, no consistent dose-response patterns were observed across BLL quintiles." | ( A population-based assessment of blood lead levels in relation to inflammation. McCabe, MJ; Songdej, N; van Wijngaarden, E; Winters, PC, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "This study evaluated the effect of organic matter composition on Hg and Pb toxicity for heterotrophic respiration in mor layers in long-term in vitro dose-response experiments." | ( Organic matter control of mercury and lead toxicity in mor layers. Akerblom, S; Bringmark, L; Nilsson, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Dose-response assays determined the three compounds to be 8- to 30-fold less potent than the index Hh pathway inhibitor cyclopamine." | ( Identification of Hedgehog signaling inhibitors with relevant human exposure by small molecule screening. Bushman, W; Lipinski, RJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "01) and had dose-response relation." | ( [The effects of lead exposure on primary cultured hippocampus neurons apoptosis and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, p53 and NOS1]. Ha, X; Jia, Q; Li, F; Lv, T; Ma, P; Tang, Y, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " sinensis tissues increased, showing a clear dose-response relationship." | ( [Lead accumulation and elimination in juvenile Acipenser sinensis tissues]. Feng, GP; Feng, L; Hou, JL; Liu, J; Zhang, LZ; Zhang, T; Zhuang, P, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Results showed that Pb was absorbed in a dose-response manner in blood, tissues, and feathers, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin, a biomarker of early Pb effect, was increased at blood Pb levels >50 μg/dL." | ( Lead and copper in pigeons (Columbia livia) exposed to a small arms-range soil. Bannon, DI; Centeno, JA; Dennis, WE; Johnson, MS; Lal, S; Parsons, PJ; Rosencrance, AB; Xu, H, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Optimal experimental conditions including pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time have been established." | ( Simultaneous removal of heavy-metal ions in wastewater samples using nano-alumina modified with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Afkhami, A; Bagheri, H; Saber-Tehrani, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " No clear dose-response trends were evident when all of the quartiles were assessed." | ( Maternal low-level lead exposure and fetal growth. Druschel, CM; Fitzgerald, EF; Gelberg, KH; Lin, S; Zhu, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Low-level PbB was associated with a small risk of decreased birth weight with a supralinear dose-response relationship, but was not related to preterm birth or small for gestational age." | ( Maternal low-level lead exposure and fetal growth. Druschel, CM; Fitzgerald, EF; Gelberg, KH; Lin, S; Zhu, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated." | ( Pb(II) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies. Fatinathan, S; Ngah, WS, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The effect of contact time, point zero charge (pH(pzc)) and pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dosage on the removal process were investigated." | ( A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Daud, WR; Hashim, R; Ibrahim, MN; Ngah, WS; Norliyana, MS; Rafatullah, M; Sulaiman, O, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "20 microg/g Cr), so were UALB, UNAG; in addition, all of them presented significant dose-response relationship." | ( [Risk assessment of renal dysfunction caused by occupational lead exposure]. Chang, XL; Guo, WJ; Jin, TY; Lei, LJ; Li, HQ; Pan, XH; Tian, LT; Zheng, G, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Occupational lead exposure can cause renal dysfunction, which presents dose-response relationship; the risk assessment of renal dysfunction caused by occupational lead exposure is performed by BMD calculation of BPb and UPb." | ( [Risk assessment of renal dysfunction caused by occupational lead exposure]. Chang, XL; Guo, WJ; Jin, TY; Lei, LJ; Li, HQ; Pan, XH; Tian, LT; Zheng, G, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " However, estimated cumulative daily intakes from tested homeopathic products were in all cases lower than permitted daily exposures for all dosage forms." | ( Preliminary investigation of metal and metalloid contamination of homeopathic products marketed in Croatia. Bosnir, J; Dragun, Z; Puntarić, D; Tomić, S; Tumir, H; Vedrina-Dragojević, I, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Forty captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), of both sexes, were separated into five groups and dosed with lead shot via oral intubation; one group was used as a control." | ( Lead toxicity in captive and wild Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in Spain. Fidalgo, LE; Ginja, MM; Gonzalo-Orden, JM; Oliveira, PA; Orden, MA; Ordoñez, C; Rodríguez, JJ; Serantes, AE; Silvestre, AM, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Quail dosed with either 5 or 10 pellets exhibited morbidity between weeks 1 and 2 and were removed from further study." | ( Lead pellet retention time and associated toxicity in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Gogal, R; Holladay, J; Holladay, S; Jarrett, T; Kerr, R; Meldrum, B; Selcer, B; Tannenbaum, L; Williams, J; Williams, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " In the batch mode, experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of contact time, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage and solution pH on the removal of lead." | ( Synthesis and characterization of alumina-coated carbon nanotubes and their application for lead removal. Agarwal, S; Gupta, VK; Saleh, TA, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Based on exposure and dose-response assessments, the health risk caused by Pb exposure in atmospheric deposition was investigated." | ( Human health risk assessment of lead pollution in atmospheric deposition in Baoshan District, Shanghai. Chen, Y; Chen, Z; Shi, G; Sun, X; Wang, J; Xu, S, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "For cadmium, the lack of statistical significance of most results, potential confounding and the absence of clear dose-response relations suggest that an association with RCC is unlikely to be causal." | ( Occupational exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel, and renal cell carcinoma: a case-control study from Central and Eastern Europe. Bencko, V; Boffetta, P; Brennan, P; Chow, WH; Ferro, G; Fontana, L; Foretova, L; Janout, V; Jinga, V; Karami, S; Kollarova, H; Matveev, V; Moore, LE; Rothman, N; Stewart, P; Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N; van Bemmel, D; Zaridze, D, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Birds of both sexes that received a single Pb fragment displayed depressed δ-ALAD, suggesting altered hematologic function, while all birds dosed with five bullet fragments exhibited greater morbidity." | ( Oral lead bullet fragment exposure in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Gogal, R; Holladay, J; Holladay, S; Jarrett, T; Kerr, R; Meldrum, B; Selcer, B; Tannenbaum, L; Williams, S, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " However, higher UAs was modestly associated with higher scores on the Oppositional, Cognitive Problems and ADHD sub-scales of the teacher ratings; a dose-response relationship was not established between UAs quartiles and behavior." | ( Association between arsenic exposure and behavior among first-graders from Torreón, Mexico. Cebrian, ME; Kordas, K; Lopez, P; Ronquillo, D; Rosado, JL; Roy, A; Stoltzfus, RJ; Vargas, GG, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The initial pH of the solution, sorbent's dosage and grain size affected the removal efficiency of the heavy meals significantly, while the organic matter in mollusk shells affected the removal efficiency to a lesser extent." | ( Biosorption of divalent Pb, Cd and Zn on aragonite and calcite mollusk shells. Du, Y; Lian, F; Zhu, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " When the lead compounds were evaluated in the in vivo comet assay with haemocytes, Pb(NO(3))(2) was effective in inducing significant increases of DNA damage with a direct dose-response pattern." | ( Genotoxicity testing of two lead-compounds in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Carmona, ER; Creus, A; Marcos, R, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Finally, a test for trend was performed in order to evaluate possible dose-response relationships between metal levels and changes in variables categories." | ( Mercury, lead and cadmium in human milk in relation to diet, lifestyle habits and sociodemographic variables in Madrid (Spain). Aragonés, N; Asensio, A; Astray, J; Bohigas, PA; Cisneros, M; de Paz, C; de Santos, A; Fernández, MA; García, JF; García-Esquinas, E; García-Sagredo, JM; Gil, E; González, MJ; Iriso, A; López-Abente, G; Martínez, M; Pastor, R; Pérez-Gómez, B; Pérez-Meixeira, AM; Pollán, M; Sanz, JC; Vioque, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The influence of different sorption parameters, such as: initial metal concentration, equilibration time, solution pH and sorbent dosage was studied and discussed." | ( Elaboration of the hydroxyapatite with different precursors and application for the retention of the lead. Ferguene, N; Khireddine, H; Meski, S; Yataghane, F; Ziani, S, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " For both sexes, no significant excess risk for any cancer site was observed, although some dose-response patterns were found." | ( Cancer mortality among female and male workers occupationally exposed to inorganic lead in the printing industry. Ilychova, SA; Zaridze, DG, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The experimental breakthrough curves obtained under varying experimental conditions were modeled using Bohart-Adams, Wolborska, Thomas, Yoon-Nelson and modified dose-response models." | ( Continuous metal removal from solution and industrial effluents using Spirogyra biomass-packed column reactor. Gaur, JP; Kumar, D; Singh, A, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " A batch equilibrium technique was used to follow-up the adsorption processes of lead under the effect of pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and initial metal concentration." | ( High performance SiO2-nanoparticles-immobilized-Penicillium funiculosum for bioaccumulation and solid phase extraction of lead. Abdel-Aal, H; Mahmoud, ME; Osman, MM; Yakout, AA, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Overall, these presentations addressed fundamental issues in the emerging areas of lifetime neurotoxicity testing, differential vulnerable periods of exposure, nonmonotonic dose-response effects and neurotoxic risk assessment." | ( Developmental origins of adult diseases and neurotoxicity: epidemiological and experimental studies. de Groot, D; Fox, DA; Grandjean, P; Paule, MG, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The expression of Abeta40 in hippocampus of all filial mice in various dosage groups was determined on the 21st day after birth by immunohistochemical assay." | ( [Effects of maternal lead exposure on the expression of Abeta40 in the hippocampus of the filial mice]. Li, N; Li, W; Qiao, M; Yang, G; Zhen, Y, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The effects of experimental parameters such as pH, initial concentration, contact time and adsorbents dosage on the lead(II) removal were studied." | ( Evaluation of carbons derived from Gingelly oil cake for the removal of lead(II) from aqueous solutions. Nagashanmugam, KB; Srinivasan, K, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in a linear fashion across a dosage of PM(2." | ( Prohypertensive effect of gestational personal exposure to fine particulate matter. Prospective cohort study in non-smoking and non-obese pregnant women. Flak, E; Jacek, R; Jedrychowski, WA; Kaim, I; Majewska, R; Maugeri, U; Mroz, E; Perera, FP; Sowa, A; Spengler, J; Stigter, L, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The removal/adsorption of both Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions was found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage and contact time." | ( Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from water by Fe and Ag nanoparticles prepared using electro-exploding wire technique. Alhemiary, NA; Alqudami, A; Munassar, S, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The effects of contact time (5-60 min), initial concentration of metal ions (200-1,000 mg/L) and adsorbent dosage (0." | ( Poly(acrylic acid) modifying bentonite with in-situ polymerization for removing lead ions. He, YF; Li, HR; Liu, SL; Wang, H; Wang, RM; Yan, DZ; Zhang, L, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Also, the effect of pH on removal of lead was studied in the pH range of 2-10 and the effect of adsorbent dosage was studied by varying the adsorbent dosage from 10-20 g/l." | ( Removal of lead from wastewater by adsorption using acid-activated clay. Chandrakaran, S; Resmi, G; Thampi, SG, ) | 0.13 |
| " The current study dosed northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) weighing 194." | ( Persistent increase of blood lead level and suppression of δ-ALAD activity in northern bobwhite quail orally dosed with even a single 2-mm spent lead shot. Gogal, RM; Holladay, JP; Holladay, SD; Kerr, R; Meldrum, B; Williams, SM, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " After the first 214 days the galvanic current between copper and lead was only reduced by 34%, proving that galvanic impacts can be highly persistent even in water with optimized corrosion control by dosing of zinc orthophosphate." | ( Effect of flow rate and lead/copper pipe sequence on lead release from service lines. Arnold, RB; Cartier, C; Edwards, M; Prévost, M; Triantafyllidou, S, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Birds dosed with a single #9 pellet showed mean blood Pb levels over 80 times higher than those of the controls, verifying Pb pellet absorption from the gut." | ( Dosing of adult pigeons with as little as one #9 lead pellet caused severe δ-ALAD depression, suggesting potential adverse effects in wild populations. Gogal, RM; Holladay, JP; Holladay, SD; Jarrett, T; Kerr, R; Nisanian, M; Sharma, A; Tannenbaum, L; Tuckfield, RC; Williams, S, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " A dose-response effect between increasing cadmium concentration and progressively worsening lung function was observed in smokers." | ( Serum heavy metals and obstructive lung disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Agarwal, S; Rokadia, HK, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The calculations showed only a limited variation between studies in the steepness of the dose-response functions." | ( An international pooled analysis for obtaining a benchmark dose for environmental lead exposure in children. Bellinger, D; Budtz-Jørgensen, E; Grandjean, P; Lanphear, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " a city or town), random daytime (RDT) sampling succeeded in demonstrating both the need for corrective action and the benefits of optimised orthophosphate dosing for plumbosolvency control, despite initial concerns about sampling reproducibility." | ( UK experience in the monitoring and control of lead in drinking water. Hayes, CR; Hydes, OD, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " For partially replaced samples with copper, lead concentrations were unchanged by phosphate dosing at moderate flow (103 ± 265 vs 169 ± 349 μg/L) and were increased to very high levels when sampled at high flow rates (1001 ± 1808 vs 257 ± 224 μg/L)." | ( Impact of treatment on Pb release from full and partially replaced harvested Lead Service Lines (LSLs). Cartier, C; Doré, E; Edwards, M; Laroche, L; Nour, S; Prévost, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " (1) Although each doses of ultrasonic vibration could improve seed germination, enhance biosynthesis of protein and chlorophyll and seedlings growth, the optimum dosage of ultrasonic vibration was 10 min." | ( Ultrasonic vibration seeds showed improved resistance to cadmium and lead in wheat seedling. Chen, YP; Liang, J; Liu, Q; Meng, ZW; Yue, XZ, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Five operational parameters including adsorbent dosage (C(s)), initial concentration of Pb (II) ions (C(o)), initial pH, temperature (T) and contact time (t) were taken as the input data and the adsorption efficiency (AE) of bone ash as the output." | ( Modeling Pb (II) adsorption from aqueous solution by ostrich bone ash using adaptive neural-based fuzzy inference system. Abedi-Koupai, J; Amiri, MJ; Eslamian, SS; Hasheminejad, H; Mousavi, SF, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Apart from avoiding empirical dosage titration to minimize the exposure to current, positioning the electrodes to avoid the electric current of heating the metal, and continuing antiepileptic agents in high-risk patients, no precautions need to be considered." | ( Is electroconvulsive therapy safe in the presence of an intracranial metallic object?: case report and review of the literature. Bouckaert, F; Mortier, P; Sienaert, P, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Results of the observations show: (1) higher level of Pb(II) (50 or 80mgL(-1)) could significantly inhibit the growth and chlorophyll a synthesis of both algae in almost all the treatments and dose-response relationships could be clearly observed, (2) the range of EC50 values (24-120h, 67." | ( Toxicity assessment of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides following exposure to Pb(II). Bi, H; Chen, L; Cui, X; Guo, M; Lin, K; Wang, W; Xiong, B; Zhang, W, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Results of the observations show dose-response relationships could be clearly observed between Pb(Ⅱ) concentration and percentage inhibition (PI)." | ( Effects of Pb(Ⅱ) exposure on Chlorella protothecoides and Chlorella vulgaris growth, malondialdehyde, and photosynthesis-related gene transcription. Bi, HS; Chen, L; Cui, XH; Guo, MJ; Lin, KF; Wang, B; Wang, WL; Xiong, B; Zhang, W, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " A dose-response between Pb levels and plasma viscosity was not observed." | ( The effect of occupational lead exposure on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and plasma viscosity. Birkner, E; Kasperczyk, A; Kasperczyk, S; Słowińska-Łożyńska, L; Wielkoszyński, T, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Exposure to airborne Pb, dosage of total blood Pb and peripheral blood count were carried out." | ( Correlation between total blood lead values and peripheral blood counts in workers occupationally exposed to urban stressors. Andreozzi, G; Caciari, T; Capozzella, A; Casale, T; Ciarrocca, M; Corbosiero, P; Gioffrè, PA; Nardone, N; Rosati, MV; Scala, B; Tomei, F; Tomei, G, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The effects of the solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and dosage of the adsorbent on the adsorption process were examined." | ( Selective adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using chitosan-MAA nanoparticles. Heidari, A; Heikkinen, H; Mehraban, Z; Younesi, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The present investigation attempt to analyze the biosorption behavior of novel biosorbent, Araucaria heterophylla (green plant) biomass, for removal of Pb(+2) from solution as the function of initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and biomass particle size." | ( Potential use of leaf biomass, Araucaria heterophylla for removal of Pb+2. Kumar, KK; Murthy, ChV; Prasad, MK; Sarada, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Moreover, we observed a decrease of total lipid content and an increase of glycogen content as a function of a dose-response relationship, while no variation in protein concentrations was observed." | ( Biochemical and morphological responses in Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae exposed to lead-spiked sediment. Arambourou, H; Beisel, JN; Branchu, P; Gismondi, E, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Logistic regression models showed a linear dose-response relationship for quintiles of blood lead and elevated systolic blood pressure in the high AL group (p = 0." | ( Allostatic load amplifies the effect of blood lead levels on elevated blood pressure among middle-aged U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study. Morello-Frosch, R; Shenassa, ED; Zota, AR, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "We explored the dose-response relationships between maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk to better understand lactational transfer of lead from blood and plasma into milk and, ultimately, to the breastfeeding infant." | ( Maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk lead: lactational transfer and contribution to infant exposure. Amarasiriwardena, CJ; Ettinger, AS; Hernández-Avila, M; Hu, H; Lamadrid-Figueroa, H; Lupoli, N; Mercado-García, A; Roy, A; Smith, D; Tellez-Rojo, MM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Multivariate linear, piecewise, and generalized additive models were used to examine dose-response relationships between blood, plasma, and milk lead levels." | ( Maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk lead: lactational transfer and contribution to infant exposure. Amarasiriwardena, CJ; Ettinger, AS; Hernández-Avila, M; Hu, H; Lamadrid-Figueroa, H; Lupoli, N; Mercado-García, A; Roy, A; Smith, D; Tellez-Rojo, MM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The dose-response relationship between plasma lead and M/P ratio was nonlinear (empirical distribution function=6." | ( Maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk lead: lactational transfer and contribution to infant exposure. Amarasiriwardena, CJ; Ettinger, AS; Hernández-Avila, M; Hu, H; Lamadrid-Figueroa, H; Lupoli, N; Mercado-García, A; Roy, A; Smith, D; Tellez-Rojo, MM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Data obtained from dose-response curves were used to evaluate the interactive effects of metal mixtures on cell viability." | ( In vitro evaluation of cell death induced by cadmium, lead and their binary mixtures on erythrocytes of Common buzzard (Buteo buteo). García-Fernández, AJ; Gómez-Ramírez, P; Hernández-García, A; María-Mojica, P; Martínez-López, E; Romero, D, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The sub-chronic treatment revealed that the low-dose combination of Pb and Cd exposures can significantly change the physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with dose-response relationship and causes microcytic hypochromic anemia and the damages of liver and kidney of the SD rats to various degrees." | ( Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Dai, S; Jia, R; Li, L; Lu, H; Shu, Y; Song, X; Xu, J; Yin, Z; Yuan, G; Zhao, X, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " To study the impact of the distribution of data on the shape of apparent dose-response curves." | ( Low blood lead level effects on intelligence: can a dose-response curve be determined from the epidemiological data? Banner, W; Kahn, CM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " However, there was not a linear dose-response and these findings await replication." | ( Association of cadmium, lead and mercury with paraoxonase 1 activity in women. Ahrens, KA; Browne, RW; Mumford, SL; Pollack, AZ; Schisterman, EF; Sjaarda, L; Wactawski-Wende, J, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " All the wastewaters were submitted to coagulation-flocculation tests with a wide range of biomass fly ashes dosage (expressed as Solid/Liquid - S/L - ratios)." | ( Biomass fly ashes as low-cost chemical agents for Pb removal from synthetic and industrial wastewaters. Barbosa, R; Dias, D; Günther, A; Lapa, N; Lopes, H; Mendes, B, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " In this study, Pb uptake and accumulation were characterized in brain and related tissues obtained from a convenience sample of goats dosed with Pb." | ( Regional distribution and accumulation of lead in caprine brain tissues following a long-term oral dosing regimen. Blaisdell, FS; Geraghty, CM; Parsons, PJ; Steuerwald, AJ, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The lipid peroxidation (LPO) was also investigated by dosing Malondyhaldéhyde (MDA) quantities in the liver tissue." | ( Lead accumulation pattern and molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in seabream (Sparus aurata) under short-term metal treatment. Maaroufi, K; Souayed, N; Souid, G; Yaktiti, F, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Dose-response relationships between exposure indicators and biomarkers and health outcomes were analyzed with generalized (linear and logistic) additive models (GAM)." | ( Neurofunctional dopaminergic impairment in elderly after lifetime exposure to manganese. Benedetti, C; Bontempi, E; Borgese, L; Donna, F; Fedrighi, C; Ferri, R; Guazzetti, S; Lucchini, RG; Marchetti, S; Micheletti, S; Peli, M; Smith, DR; Zoni, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The calculation of the Benchmark Dose using this dose-response relationship yielded a lower level confidence interval of 22." | ( Neurofunctional dopaminergic impairment in elderly after lifetime exposure to manganese. Benedetti, C; Bontempi, E; Borgese, L; Donna, F; Fedrighi, C; Ferri, R; Guazzetti, S; Lucchini, RG; Marchetti, S; Micheletti, S; Peli, M; Smith, DR; Zoni, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "5 hours at 24 ± 1 °C for 10 mg/L biosorbent dosage and initial metal ions concentration of 20 mg/L." | ( Kinetic studies of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions biosorption from aqueous media using untreated and chemically treated biosorbents. Bakyayita, GK; Kulabako, RN; Nalubega, M; Norrström, AC, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Dose-response like relationships were observed between blood lead and substance use, age mixing with younger and older partners, self-reported STI, and HSV-2." | ( Associations between blood lead level and substance use and sexually transmitted infection risk among adults in the United States. Coatsworth, AM; Hu, H; Khan, MR; Scheidell, J; Xu, X, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The potential dose-response relationship is also presented." | ( Maternal lead exposure and risk of congenital heart defects occurrence in offspring. Chen, X; Deng, Y; Jin, X; Li, N; Li, S; Li, X; Lin, Y; Liu, Z; Mu, M; Wang, F; Wu, A; Yu, Y; Zhu, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "2% Pb acetate in drinking was the dosage used." | ( Assessment of oxidative stress in hippocampus, cerebellum and frontal cortex in rat pups exposed to lead (Pb) during specific periods of initial brain development. Bairy, LK; Barkur, RR, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The dose-response curve between EPb and HCT was plotted using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) method." | ( Association between blood erythrocyte lead concentrations and hemoglobin levels in preschool children. Huo, X; Li, W; Lin, P; Liu, C; Xu, X; Zhang, Y, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "In the US older adult population, blood lead but not urine cadmium concentrations showed a direct dose-response relationship with frailty." | ( Association of lead and cadmium exposure with frailty in US older adults. Artalejo, FR; García-Esquinas, E; Navas-Acien, A; Pérez-Gómez, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " It is recognized that cellular responses to toxicants have a highly dynamic nature, and exhibit both temporal complexity and dose-response shifts." | ( Toxicity mechanisms identification via gene set enrichment analysis of time-series toxicogenomics data: impact of time and concentration. Gao, C; Gou, N; Gu, AZ; Lan, J; Weisman, D, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The effects of three independent variables including initial ion concentration, removal time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated on the maximum adsorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II)." | ( Rapid adsorption of copper(II) and lead(II) by rice straw/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite: optimization, equilibrium isotherms, and adsorption kinetics study. Ahmad, MB; Basri, M; Fard Masoumi, HR; Kalantari, K; Khandanlou, R; Shameli, K, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " After joint exposure to Pb and BDE209, C mic generally declined with increasing exposure concentration, following certain dose-response relationships." | ( The bioavailability and adverse impacts of lead and decabromodiphenyl ether on soil microbial activities. Chen, L; He, L; Lin, K; Wu, L; Zhang, R; Zhang, W, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Citric acid increased Cd and Pb contents in plant shoots in all treatments by about 78% and 18-45%, respectively, at the dosage of 10 mM kg(-1) soil without affecting aboveground biomass production." | ( Use of Energy Crop (Ricinus communis L.) for Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals Assisted with Citric Acid. Chen, X; He, C; Lei, Y; Liang, X; Liu, X; Oh, K; Zhang, H, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "0), adsorbent dosage (0." | ( Copper, lead and zinc removal from metal-contaminated wastewater by adsorption onto agricultural wastes. Esposito, G; Janyasuthiwong, S; Kijjanapanich, P; Lens, PN; Phiri, SM; Rene, ER, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The dose-response relationships were non-linear." | ( Late effects of low blood lead concentrations in children on school performance and cognitive functions. Löfmark, L; Lundh, T; Mikoczy, Z; Skerfving, S; Strömberg, U, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "50 in the lowest educational attainment of the father), with a significant dose-response relationship observed after adjusting for the community SEP." | ( Disparities in Children's Blood Lead and Mercury Levels According to Community and Individual Socioeconomic Positions. Ha, M; Hwang, SS; Kwon, HJ; Lim, S; Son, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "0001 after adjusting for confounders suggesting a dose-response relationship between percentiles of CWLEI and BPb." | ( Use of a Cumulative Exposure Index to Estimate the Impact of Tap Water Lead Concentration on Blood Lead Levels in 1- to 5-Year-Old Children (Montréal, Canada). Abdous, B; Levallois, P; Ngueta, G; St-Laurent, J; Tardif, R, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The increase of biochar dosage increased the percentage of lead removal in solutions." | ( Sorption of lead by Salisbury biochar produced from British broadleaf hardwood. Al-Tabbaa, A; Jin, F; McMillan, O; Shen, Z; Wang, F, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The dosage of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid showed that Pb induced lipid peroxidation." | ( Molecular, Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Pb Toxicity in Seedlings of Theobroma cacao L. de Almeida, AA; de Almeida, NM; de Castro, AV; Mangabeira, PA; Pirovani, CP; Reis, GS, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were obtained and the effects of solution pH value and adsorbent dosage were studied in batch experiments." | ( Study of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from glycyrrhiza residue by KOH or H₃PO₄activation. Fan, W; Feng, N; Ma, C; Shi, Y; Zhang, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Effects of dosage of adsorbent, pH, ionic strength, contact time, initial concentration of lead and temperature were investigated." | ( [Adsorption Behaviors of Lead on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Hydroxyapatite Composites]. Li, Y; Zhang, JL, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Pb exposure is associated with low bone mass in animal models and human populations; however, the correlation between Pb dosing and corresponding bone mass has been poorly explored." | ( Elevated Lifetime Lead Exposure Impedes Osteoclast Activity and Produces an Increase in Bone Mass in Adolescent Mice. Beier, EE; Holz, JD; Puzas, JE; Sheu, TJ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The experimental parameters that affect the bioremediation process such as pH, contact time and biomass dosage were studied." | ( Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated aqueous solution by using red algae Porphyra leucosticta. Gao, L; Lin, G; Xiao, B; Xiao, H; Xu, W; Ye, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Batch sorption experiments were performed to determine the effects of contact time, biosorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption of Pb2+ ions." | ( Biosorption of Lead from Wastewater Using Fresh Water Algae Chlorella. Jeyanthi, J; Kanchana, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Most previous studies have data on dose-response provided only by comparisons of exposed to unexposed persons." | ( [EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK OF LEAD IN THE COHORT STUDY OF MALE WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO INORGANIC LEAD IN 27 MOSCOW PRINTING-HOUSES]. Ilychova, SA; Zaridze, DG, ) | 0.13 |
| " The study included ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments, survey of benthic organisms in the field, as well as chromium, cadmium and lead dosage which provided data for a sediment quality triad evaluation." | ( Ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments applied to environmental forensic investigation. Alves, RH; Rietzler, AC, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "62), and there was evidence of a dose-response relationship for green and herbal tea." | ( Is there a relationship between tea intake and maternal whole blood heavy metal concentrations? Arbuckle, TE; Colapinto, CK; Dubois, L; Fraser, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The objective was to estimate site-specific soil/dust ingestion rates through reevaluation of the lead absorption dose-response relationship using new bioavailability data from the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex Superfund Site (BHSS) in Idaho, USA." | ( Estimating Children's Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates through Retrospective Analyses of Blood Lead Biomonitoring from the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in Idaho. Bartrem, C; Spalinger, S; Stanek, LW; Stifelman, ML; von Lindern, I, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "25mg/L) with a dosage of 10%." | ( Stabilization/solidification of lead in MSWI fly ash with mercapto functionalized dendrimer Chelator. Li, F; Tian, Z; Wu, Y; Zhang, B; Zhao, H; Zhou, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " With standard solutions of different Pb(2+) concentrations, we obtained a dose-response curve and a detection limitation below 37." | ( A label-free and portable graphene FET aptasensor for children blood lead detection. Bi, J; Cao, Y; Cui, X; Huang, L; Li, H; Li, Y; Luo, J; Ma, LQ; Miao, F; Wang, B; Wang, C; Zhou, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The dose-response relationship between occupational cumulative lead exposure and lead poisoning, abnormal blood lead, urinary lead and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) were analyzed and the benchmark dose lower bound confidence limits (BMDLs) were calculated." | ( Dose-Response Relationship between Cumulative Occupational Lead Exposure and the Associated Health Damages: A 20-Year Cohort Study of a Smelter in China. Duan, YY; Gu, JM; Hu, JA; Huang, RX; Huang, Y; Wu, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "A modified method was proposed which integrates the spatial patterns of toxic metals simulated by sequential indicator simulation, different exposure models and local current land uses extracted by remote-sensing software into a dose-response model for human health risk assessment of toxic metals." | ( An exploration of spatial human health risk assessment of soil toxic metals under different land uses using sequential indicator simulation. Gu, YL; Huang, JH; Huang, XL; Li, F; Liu, WC; Shi, LX; Shi, YH; Wan, J; Zeng, GM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " A dose-response relationship was found between urinary concentrations of DMP and ADHD in both crude and adjusted analyses (p for trend<0." | ( Increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticide in Taiwanese children. Chen, ML; Chen, YS; Chien, LC; Chiou, HC; Chung, MY; Du, JC; Fuh, MR; Hwang, B; Yang, W; Yu, CJ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Nitric acid and sodium hydroxide were firstly used to study the leaching of the fly ash sample, which was affected by leachant dosage and solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L)." | ( Recovery of lead from smelting fly ash of waste lead-acid battery by leaching and electrowinning. Chen, CS; Huang, YH; Shih, YJ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "15mm) was applied on a kaolin with three different lead (Pb(2+)) contamination levels (50mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 1000mg/kg) at the dosage of 1% in w/w." | ( Salisbury biochar did not affect the mobility or speciation of lead in kaolin in a short-term laboratory study. Al-Tabbaa, A; Jin, F; McMillan, O; Shen, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "There was no evidence in this study to suggest a supralinear dose-response relationship or a lower threshold for the effect of maternal blood Pb on birth outcomes." | ( Low level lead exposure and pregnancy outcomes in an observational birth cohort study: dose-response relationships. Emond, AM; Golding, J; Taylor, CM; Tilling, K, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The live diet (10% daily ration on a wet mass basis) consisted of oligochaete worms (Lumbriculus variegatus) pre-exposed for 28days to the same waterborne Pb concentration, and the highest dietary dosing rate to the trout was 12." | ( Interactions of waterborne and dietborne Pb in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bioaccumulation, physiological responses, and chronic toxicity. Alsop, D; Chowdhury, MJ; Ng, TY; Wood, CM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between SSB consumption and ADHD." | ( Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Adversely Associated with Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Chen, ML; Chen, YS; Chien, LC; Chiou, HC; Chung, MY; Du, JC; Feng, CC; Hwang, B; Yang, W; Yu, CJ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "00, respectively) compared to the lowest referent quartile, with evidence of a dose-response relationship (p-value for trend =0." | ( Urinary antimony and leukocyte telomere length: An analysis of NHANES 1999-2002. Buser, MC; Scinicariello, F, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " A model distribution system, dosed with orthophosphate, was used to evaluate the effect of corroded iron distribution mains on lead release from recovered LSLs." | ( Understanding the Role of Particulate Iron in Lead Release to Drinking Water. Gagnon, GA; Trueman, BF, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " However, the staff are often perplexed by questions such as if it is imperative to wear aprons when injecting radioactive drugs, how much radiation dosage can be shielded and if the apron will produce secondary radiation instead? To answer these questions, a semiconductor detector was employed to record different gamma and X-ray spectra with and without the lead apron or lead sheet." | ( Answers to if the Lead Aprons are Really Helpful in Nuclear Medicine from the Perspective of Spectroscopy. Chen, S; He, X; Rong, L; Wei, B; Yao, K; Zhao, R, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " First, generate environmentally relevant dose-response models of short-term lead exposure in adult rats." | ( Adult lead exposure increases blood-retinal permeability: A risk factor for retinal vascular disease. Chen, JY; Fox, DA; Huang, P; Lin, Y; Liu, XQ; Luo, WJ; Shen, XF; Wang, JY; Wang, W; Zhao, ZH, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Factors influencing the efficiency of CSs were evaluated by adsorbent size, contact time, initial concentration, dosage concentration and pH." | ( Effective removal of lead (II) ions by dead calcareous skeletons: sorption performance and influencing factors. Aris, AZ; Lim, AP; Zulkeflee, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Using the model's results we generated profiles for 0, 2, 4 and 6 NLE across lead levels (up to 10μg/dL) and observed a dose-response for the developmental scores when lead levels were below 2μg/dL." | ( Maternal stress modifies the effect of exposure to lead during pregnancy and 24-month old children's neurodevelopment. Bellinger, D; Coull, B; Osorio-Valencia, E; Schnaas, L; Tamayo Y Ortiz, M; Téllez-Rojo, MM; Trejo-Valdivia, B; Wright, RJ; Wright, RO, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Dose-response association was evaluated in external (general population) and internal (within the occupational cohort) comparisons by highest achieved blood lead level." | ( End-stage renal disease after occupational lead exposure: 20 years of follow-up. Åkesson, A; Discacciati, A; Elinder, CG; Evans, M; Quershi, AR, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " There was no evidence of a dose-response relationship between the maximum achieved blood lead or the cumulative blood lead exposure and ESRD in external or internal comparisons." | ( End-stage renal disease after occupational lead exposure: 20 years of follow-up. Åkesson, A; Discacciati, A; Elinder, CG; Evans, M; Quershi, AR, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "A dose-response relationship in hearing loss with earphone use time and blood lead level is observed after adjustment for confounding factors." | ( The Effects of Earphone Use and Environmental Lead Exposure on Hearing Loss in the Korean Population: Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2010-2013. Choi, YH; Huh, DA; Moon, KW, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The effects of factors such as dosage concentration (0." | ( Cowpea pod (Vigna unguiculata) biomass as a low-cost biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. Guyo, U; Moyo, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "55) for Hg; however, no dose-response relation emerged." | ( Lead, cadmium and mercury in cerebrospinal fluid and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case-control study. Bargellini, A; Filippini, T; Fini, N; Grill, P; Mandrioli, J; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M; Violi, F; Weuve, J, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " These metabolic changes were not observed in the other two Pb dosage groups." | ( Lead Exposure Induces Weight Gain in Adult Rats, Accompanied by DNA Hypermethylation. Cang, Z; Chen, C; Cheng, J; Li, Q; Lu, M; Lu, Y; Nie, X; Sun, H; Wang, N; Xia, F; Ye, L; Zhai, H; Zhao, L, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Additionally, a good dose-response relationship between EXCH-Pb content and respiration intensity might provide a basis for ecological risk assessment." | ( Interaction effects and mechanism of Pb pollution and soil microorganism in the presence of earthworm. Lin, K; Lin, Z; Ling, S; Liu, G; Zhan, X; Zhang, W, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " However, some protective elements may become toxic under certain conditions, depending on dosage (serum concentration), duration of treatment and interactions among individual elements." | ( Trace elements have beneficial, as well as detrimental effects on bone homeostasis. Blahos, J; Davis, M; Zofkova, I, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "01] in a dose-response manner, and it negatively correlated with PedsQL scores (regression coefficient: -0." | ( Association of blood heavy metals with developmental delays and health status in children. Chen, WJ; Chien, SN; Hsieh, RL; Hsueh, YM; Huang, SR; Lee, CY; Lin, MI; Mu, SC; Shiue, HS, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The optimum conditions of biosorption were determined by investigating the initial pH, contact time, initial biomass dosage at constant temperature of 40 °C, initial metal concentration of 100 mg/L and rotational speed of 150 rpm." | ( Biosorption of Pb(II) by Bacillus badius AK strain originating from rotary drum compost of water hyacinth. Kalamdhad, A; Laha, A; Vishan, I, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Parameters affecting the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on CMNP, such as initial Pb(II) ion concentration, contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied." | ( Surface adsorption of poisonous Pb(II) ions from water using chitosan functionalised magnetic nanoparticles. Anbalagan, S; Christopher, FC; Kumar, PS; Pannerselvam, SR; Vaidyanathan, VK, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Rats were divided into eight experimental groups of ten rats each: groups including negative control, whole body γ-irradiated (6 Gray (Gy)), lead acetate (PbAct) trihydrate orally administered (75 mg/kg bw ≡ 40 mg/kg bw Pb for 14 consecutive days), and Spm intraperitoneally dosed (10 mg/kg bw for 14 consecutive days) rats and groups subjected to combinations of Pb + IR, Spm + IR, Spm + Pb, and Spm + Pb followed by IR on day 14 (Spm + Pb + IR)." | ( Anti-apoptotic role of spermine against lead and/or gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. Abu-Khudir, R; Habieb, ME; Hawas, AM; Mohamed, MA; Mohamed, TM, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " This study evaluated the potential dose-response relationship between blood Pb levels and the risk of LDs." | ( Blood Lead Levels and Learning Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Geier, DA; Geier, MR; Kern, JK, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " On a microgram (μg)/deciliter (dL) basis, a significant dose-response relationship between increasing blood Pb levels and the risk of a reported ADD outcome was confirmed (odds ratio (OR) = 1." | ( A cross-sectional study of the relationship between blood lead levels and reported attention deficit disorder: an assessment of the economic impact on the United States. Geier, DA; Geier, MR; Kern, JK, 2018) | 0.48 |
" Compared with the least frequent PE consumption (| ( Consumption of preserved egg, a high-lead-containing food, is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adults. | Bao, X; Gu, Y; Jia, Q; Liu, H; Liu, L; Meng, G; Niu, K; Shao, J; Shi, H; Sun, S; Wang, X; Wu, H; Wu, Y; Xia, Y; Yu, B; Yu, F; Zhang, Q; Zhou, M, 2017) 0.46 | |
| " After adjusting for potential confounders, detectable As levels were associated with decrements in global and verbal executive functions and quantitative abilities; detectable Hg was associated with lower scores on the verbal function of posterior cortex in a dose-response manner, and non-linearly related to poorer motor function and gross motor skills; and Mn levels were associated with decrement in perceptual-performance skills in a dose-response manner but with better memory span and quantitative skills." | ( Prenatal co-exposure to neurotoxic metals and neurodevelopment in preschool children: The Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. Amaya, E; Andiarena, A; Aurrekoetxea, J; Bustamante, M; Ezama, E; Fernández, MF; Fernández-Tardón, G; Freire, C; Gil, F; Guxens, M; Llop, S; Murcia, M; Olea, N, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Findings failed to support a dose-response association between BLL and consequential criminal offending." | ( Association of Childhood Blood Lead Levels With Criminal Offending. Beckley, AL; Broadbent, J; Caspi, A; Harrington, H; Houts, RM; Moffitt, TE; Poulton, R; Ramrakha, S; Reuben, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " There was no evidence of toxicity in the 28-day dosing study of uninfected animals, as judged by the monitoring of multiple serum and histological parameters." | ( 4-aminopyridyl-based lead compounds targeting CYP51 prevent spontaneous parasite relapse in a chronic model and improve cardiac pathology in an acute model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Calvet, CM; Choi, JY; de Mesquita, LB; de Souza Pereira, MC; Hirata, K; Lostracco-Johnson, S; McKerrow, JH; Meuser-Batista, M; Nogueira, A; Podust, LM; Roush, WR; Silva, TA; Siqueira-Neto, JL; Suzuki, B; Thomas, D, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Although the exposure scenario (Pb acetate, high dosage and intraperitoneal injection) tested in the present study would likely not occur in the wild, it was adequate to show potential and relevant toxic effects of Pb in wild birds." | ( Effects of Experimental Lead Exposure on Testis of the Chestnut Capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus. Barcarolli, IF; Bianchini, A; Bonnel, J; Calabuig, CP; Corcini, CD; Leidens, D; Rosa, CE; Varela Junior, AS, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " However, reports are limited on the dose-response relationship between blood lead levels (BLLs) and hematological parameters in children." | ( Dose-response relationship between blood lead levels and hematological parameters in children from central China. Chen, JW; Li, C; Ni, ZM; Wang, Q; Ye, LX; Zhou, YK, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Such analyses also revealed a dose-response relationship between the BLLs and hematological parameters (Hb level, RBC count, and PLT count)." | ( Dose-response relationship between blood lead levels and hematological parameters in children from central China. Chen, JW; Li, C; Ni, ZM; Wang, Q; Ye, LX; Zhou, YK, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " A strong negative, non-linear dose-response relationship was also showed between BLLs and hematological parameters (Hb level, RBC count, and PLT count)." | ( Dose-response relationship between blood lead levels and hematological parameters in children from central China. Chen, JW; Li, C; Ni, ZM; Wang, Q; Ye, LX; Zhou, YK, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "5 unit with the dosage of 3 and 5% (wt%), respectively." | ( Stabilization of Cd-, Pb-, Cu- and Zn-contaminated calcareous agricultural soil using red mud: a field experiment. Chai, L; Li, F; Luo, L; Song, J; Wang, Y; Xiao, R; Yang, Z, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Graphic plots and multiple logistic regression were used to examine dose-response associations between lead exposure and ADHD and potential effect modifiers, adjusting for pertinent covariables." | ( A Prospective Birth Cohort Study on Early Childhood Lead Levels and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: New Insight on Sex Differences. Bartell, TR; Chatterjee, N; Hong, X; Ji, Y; Lee, LC; Riley, AW; Surkan, PJ; Wang, G; Wang, X; Zuckerman, B, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " According to the preceding studies, the checkpoints to be scrutinized when a result is not consistent with those of other researchers are as follows: (1) whether the study included all crucial confounders, (2) whether it included any exposure marker or confounder with a U-shaped dose-response curve, (3) whether the outcome measure was conducted by two or more examiners that might lead to measurement bias, (4) whether such examiners picked up information about exposure levels of the subjects before measuring the endpoints, and (5) whether subjects with different genetic factors were included in the analysis." | ( [Dilemma of Environmental Health Research]. Iwata, T; Karita, K; Maeda, E; Murata, K, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " This approach allows the evaluation of dose-response relationships, validates the outcomes of field studies, and possibly confirms the sediment quality guidelines and thresholds." | ( The response of cultured meiofaunal and benthic foraminiferal communities to lead exposure: Results from mesocosm experiments. Armynot du Châtelet, E; Balsamo, M; Bucci, C; Caruso, A; Coccioni, R; Cosentino, C; Di Bella, L; Frontalini, F; Maccotta, A; Martins, MV; Sbrocca, C; Scopelliti, G; Semprucci, F, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " However, the optimal dosage ratio of APG and NTA for phytoremediation needs to be further researched." | ( Influence of alkyl polyglucoside, citric acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid on phytoremediation in pyrene-Pb co-contaminated soils. Cao, L; Chen, J; Huo, Z; Liu, X; Mao, Y; Zhang, X, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " In this study, primary hippocampal neurons were exposed to Pb at the dosage of 5 μM from days in vitro (DIV) 3 to DIV14 and the electrophysiological recordings were performed at DIV14." | ( Pb inhibits hippocampal synaptic transmission via cyclin-dependent kinase-5 dependent Synapsin 1 phosphorylation. Ding, JJ; He, HM; Lou, ZY; Wang, HL; Xu, Y; Zou, RX, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " We compared oral and parenteral dosing, and we developed an intramuscular loading and oral maintenance dosing scheme in mice." | ( Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Disposition of Zwitterionic Hydroxyiminoacetamido Alkylamines as Reactivating Antidotes for Organophosphate Exposure. Fokin, VV; Green, C; Kovarik, Z; Maček Hrvat, N; Radić, Z; Sharpless, KB; Sit, RK; Taylor, P; Žunec, S, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Tests performed with an initial metal concentration of 20 mg/L established the best adsorbent dosage (0." | ( Bioadsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by the biorefinery waste of Fucus spiralis. Botelho, CMS; Filote, C; Santos, SCR; Volf, I, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The effect of some adsorption parameters such as pH, TSFCS dosage and initial concentration of solutions were evaluated." | ( A novel thiosemicarbazide modified chitosan (TSFCS) for efficiency removal of Pb (II) and methyl red from aqueous solution. Binaeian, E; Emami, MRS; Mozaffari, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " A dose-response relationship between hearing loss and heavy metal exposure was observed in the high-frequency method after adjustment for confounding factors." | ( Comparison of Pure-Tone Average Methods for Estimation of Hearing Loss Caused by Environmental Exposure to Lead and Cadmium: Does the Pure-Tone Average Method Which Uses Low-Frequency Ranges Underestimate the Actual Hearing Loss Caused by Environmental Le Choi, YH; Huh, DA; Ji, MS; Moon, KW; Sohn, JR; Yoon, SJ, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to control group (control, animals were provided with distilled water, n = 10); lead acetate-exposed group (PbAc, animals received lead acetate solution of 500 ppm for 60 days, n = 10); low dosage of SDS-treated group (PbAc-SDS-L, lead acetate exposed animals were given intragastric SDS 150 mg/kg body weight for 60 days, n = 10); and high dosage of SDS-treated group (PbAc-SDS-H, lead acetate exposed animals were given intragastric SDS 300 mg/kg body weight for 60 days, n = 10)." | ( Protective Effects of Salidroside on Lead Acetate-induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Chen, C; He, J; Lin, B; Qi, S; Zheng, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Increase in initial feed concentration enhanced the adsorption ability of DPAC and the rise in adsorbent dosage resulted in improved Pb(II) removal efficiency." | ( Date pits activated carbon for divalent lead ions removal. Banat, F; Govindan, B; Krishnamoorthy, R; Purushothaman, M; Sagadevan, V; Show, PL, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Significant uncertainties regarding exposure and dose-response relationships, however, warrant continued investigation." | ( Global burden of intellectual disability resulting from dietary exposure to lead, 2015. Bolger, PM; Carrington, C; Devleesschauwer, B; Gibb, HJ, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The analyses of adsorption experiments included (i) dosage amounts, (ii) isotherm and kinetic studies, and (iii) several factors related to water chemistry (i." | ( Comprehensive evaluation on removal of lead by graphene oxide and metal organic framework. Han, J; Heo, J; Her, N; Jang, M; Jun, BM; Kim, S; Kim, Y; Park, CM; Yoon, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "5 μg/L, and after adjusting children's social-demography factors, the consumption of milk or dairy production, fruits, and calcium supplementation had negative dose-response relationships with blood lead level." | ( Potential dietary factors for reducing lead burden of Chinese preschool children. Dai, Y; Li, T; Tan, Z; Zhang, S, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Lead and cadmium exposure had a positive association with serum uric acid levels in a dose-response manner in the nationally representative Korean population." | ( Associations between blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels with hyperuricemia in the Korean general population: A retrospective analysis of population-based nationally representative data. Jung, W; Kang, J; Kim, Y; Lihm, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Log-binomial regression model and two-piece-wise regression model were applied to assess the dose-response relationship between metal exposure and hypertension." | ( Urinary metal/metalloid levels in relation to hypertension among occupationally exposed workers. Jing, H; Shi, P; Xi, S, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The influence of curing temperature, binder dosage and curing time on the performance of these samples was investigated." | ( GMCs stabilized/solidified Pb/Zn contaminated soil under different curing temperature: leachability and durability. Al-Tabbaa, A; Pan, H; Shen, Z; Wang, F; Xu, J; Zhang, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Typical reverse U-shaped dose-response relationships between ALP activities and the single and combined Cd and Pb were observed, showing a hormetic response of soil itself." | ( Magnitude of the mixture hormetic response of soil alkaline phosphatase can be predicted based on single conditions of Cd and Pb. Guo, Y; Han, J; Liu, C; Liu, J; You, Y; Zhu, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Metal toxicity was predicted and compared using the dose-response and general threshold survival models in terms of required data sets, fit performance, and applicability." | ( Comparison of the General Threshold Model of Survival and Dose-Response Models in Simulating the Acute Toxicity of Metals to Danio rerio. Feng, J; Gao, Y; He, A; Liu, X; Qu, L; Zhu, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The principal goal of this study was to investigate the uptake and distribution of lead (Pb) in the horns of Pb-dosed goats, and to explore possible links to their historical Pb dosing records." | ( A study of lead uptake and distribution in horns from lead-dosed goats using synchrotron radiation-induced micro X-ray fluorescence elemental imaging. Guimarães, D; Huang, R; Parsons, PJ; Smieska, L; Tehrani, MW; Woll, A, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The animals were periodically dosed with lead acetate, administered orally in a capsule, over a 5 to 8-year period." | ( A study of lead uptake and distribution in horns from lead-dosed goats using synchrotron radiation-induced micro X-ray fluorescence elemental imaging. Guimarães, D; Huang, R; Parsons, PJ; Smieska, L; Tehrani, MW; Woll, A, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " We observed evidence of a dose-response trend for Mn (P for trend<0." | ( Trace Minerals, Heavy Metals, and Preeclampsia: Findings from the Boston Birth Cohort. Guallar, E; Hong, X; Liu, T; Mueller, NT; Wang, G; Wang, X; Zhang, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different animal models (swine and mice), dosing schemes (single gavage dose, repeated gavage dose, daily repeated feeding, and free access to diet), and end points (blood, urine, and tissue) in metal-RBA measurement; compares metal-RBA obtained using mouse and swine bioassays, different dosing schemes, and different end points; and summarizes key findings on As-, Pb-, and Cd-RBA values in contaminated soils, dust, and foods." | ( Oral Bioavailability of As, Pb, and Cd in Contaminated Soils, Dust, and Foods based on Animal Bioassays: A Review. Basta, NT; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, MY; Li, SW; Luo, YM; Ma, LQ; Zhao, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The addition of a moderate dosage of BDE-209 (10-50 mg/kg) lessened Pb phytotoxicity, leading to improved plant growth relative to the case of Pb spiking alone." | ( Interactions between decabromodiphenyl ether and lead in soil-plant system. Chen, F; Li, X; Ma, J; Zeng, S; Zhang, S; Zhu, Q, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The results showed that Pb leaching concentration significantly decreased when adding 10% OPC and 30% gelatinized SR solution compared to only OPC treatment, and increasing dosage of SR also reduced Pb leaching concentration and met the criteria of landfill after curing 28 days." | ( Enhanced solidification/stabilization of lead in MSWI fly ash treatment and disposal by gelatinized sticky rice. Cai, L; Chen, C; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Xu, H; Zhang, H, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Subsequent dose-response titrations against schistosomula and adult worms revealed epigenetic probes targeting one reader (NVS-CECR2-1), one writer (LLY-507 and BAY-598) and one eraser (GSK-J4) to be particularly active." | ( The repositioning of epigenetic probes/inhibitors identifies new anti-schistosomal lead compounds and chemotherapeutic targets. Brancale, A; Chalmers, IW; Ferla, S; Forde-Thomas, J; Geyer, KK; Hoffmann, KF; Hulme, BJ; Padalino, G; Whatley, KCL; Whiteland, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The only signification feature that resulted in an enhanced genotoxic potential was the years of exposure to the Pb environment that accumulated the dosage of Pb over the years." | ( Occupational health hazards on workers exposure to lead (Pb): A genotoxicity analysis. Al-Dhabi, NA; Alagamuthu, KK; Balasubramanian, B; Chinnappan, AJ; Duraipandiyan, V; Meyyazhagan, A; Mohammed Ghilan, AK; Shanmugam, S; Valan Arasu, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Even if the blood lead concentration was below the US lead poisoning standard for children (100 μg/L), a significant dose-response relationship was found between lead exposure and a decrease in semen quality." | ( Low-level lead exposure is associated with aberrant sperm quality and reproductive hormone levels in Chinese male individuals: Results from the MARHCS study low-level lead exposure is associated with aberrant sperm quality. Cao, J; Chen, Q; Cui, J; Ren, J; Wu, W; Yang, H; Zhang, GH; Zhou, N; Zhou, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " However, dose-response curves revealed indicator rather than hyperaccumulator behaviour." | ( Arabidopsis halleri shows hyperbioindicator behaviour for Pb and leaf Pb accumulation spatially separated from Zn. Arčon, I; Braun, M; Clemens, S; Debeljak, M; Höreth, S; Krämer, U; Pečovnik, M; Pelicon, P; Pietzenuk, B; Pongrac, P; van Elteren, JT; Vavpetič, P; Vogel-Mikuš, K; Weber, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The preliminary, dynamic, equilibrium activation experiments and speciation analysis of Pb, Cd and Tl in contaminated red soils were used to select six chelates with relatively good activation performance from nine chelates, and the effects of dosage and pH on the heavy metals activation were studied systematically." | ( Comparative Activation Process of Pb, Cd and Tl Using Chelating Agents from Contaminated Red Soils. Huang, X; Liu, G; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Luo, D; Mai, X; Wei, L; Wu, Q; Xiao, T; Yao, G, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Pot experiments were conducted on contaminated soils near Pb-Zn mining with sawdust ash (SA) and sawdust biochar (SB) in different proportions and dosage ratios." | ( Stabilization process and potential of agro-industrial waste on Pb-Contaminated soil around Pb-Zn mining. Ji, H; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " This procedure was aimed at evaluating the influence of freeze-thaw cycle and binder dosage on engineering properties of solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soils." | ( Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Binder Dosage on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Lead-Contaminated Soils. Li, D; Li, X; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Yang, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Two cohorts of 20 singly housed, shaved, dermatitis free, adult male CD1 mice were dosed daily for 2 wk by topical application of saline or green clay paste." | ( Elevated Arsenic and Lead Concentrations in Natural Healing Clay Applied Topically as a Treatment for Ulcerative Dermatitis in Mice. Bradham, KD; Brar, SS; DeVito, MJ; Kissling, GE; Kurtz, DM; Nelson, CM; Qu, W; Travlos, GS; Whiteside, TE, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "28% at the dosage of 60." | ( Evaluation of biochar pyrolyzed from kitchen waste, corn straw, and peanut hulls on immobilization of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil. He, L; Lin, A; Tan, X; Wang, J; Wei, W; Xu, C; Yang, W; Zhao, J, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " To this end, a dose-response approach was used and a model comprising three components was established: exposure, dose-response, and DALYs module." | ( Estimating the national burden of mild intellectual disability in children exposed to dietary lead in China. Huang, J; Liu, Z; Song, Y; Wang, Y; Wei, S; Yan, Y; Yang, S; Zhou, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " One such challenge is the dosage of chlorine-based disinfectants which is typically regulated to prevent microbial growth in the water distribution systems, while limiting disinfection by-products (DBPs)." | ( Optimization of disinfectant dosage for simultaneous control of lead and disinfection-byproducts in water distribution networks. Abokifa, A; Biswas, P; Gudi, RD; Maheshwari, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Restricted cubic splines were used to identify dose-response relationships." | ( Development of a benchmark dose for lead-exposure based on its induction of micronuclei, telomere length changes and hematological toxicity. Au, W; Christiani, DC; Gong, S; Li, A; Meng, Y; Tu, Y; Wang, K; Wang, T; Xia, ZL; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Restricted cubic splines show that there were linear dose-response relationships for RBC and Hb with BLLs, while non-linear for MN and rTL." | ( Development of a benchmark dose for lead-exposure based on its induction of micronuclei, telomere length changes and hematological toxicity. Au, W; Christiani, DC; Gong, S; Li, A; Meng, Y; Tu, Y; Wang, K; Wang, T; Xia, ZL; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Our data show significant dose-response relationships between lead exposure and expressions of hematological toxicity and genotoxicity." | ( Development of a benchmark dose for lead-exposure based on its induction of micronuclei, telomere length changes and hematological toxicity. Au, W; Christiani, DC; Gong, S; Li, A; Meng, Y; Tu, Y; Wang, K; Wang, T; Xia, ZL; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Moreover, high Pb dosage induced ovarian histopathological damages characterized by granulosa cells disorganization, follicle atresia and interstitial cell degeneration." | ( The effects of chronic lead exposure on the ovaries of female juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica): Developmental delay, histopathological alterations, hormone release disruption and gene expression disorder. He, Y; Li, X; Wang, L; Zhao, H, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Also, we found that the levels of white blood cell count were positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure in a dose-response manner." | ( Blood Lead, Systemic Inflammation, and Blood Pressure: Exploring Associations and Mediation Effects in Workers Exposed to Lead. He, D; He, P; Ma, J; Wang, H; Xie, Y; Yang, C; Zhao, S, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Phosphate dosing is used by water utilities to prevent plumbosolvency in water supply networks." | ( Influence of phosphate dosing on biofilms development on lead in chlorinated drinking water bioreactors. Ahmad, A; Calero Preciado, C; Del Olmo, G; Douterelo, I; Gaskin, P; Jensen, H; Karunakaran, E; Rosales, E, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The authors propose to consider as hormesis phenomenon not only a realization of the Arndt-Schulze rule but any non-monotonic dose-response relationship for a certain outcome that is characterized by changing direction of a response between adjacent ranges of doses of an initiator of this response, the number of such ranges being two or more." | ( On an extended understanding of the term "hormesis" for denoting alternating directions of the organism's response to increasing adverse exposures. Bushueva, TV; Gurvich, VB; Katsnelson, BA; Klinova, SV; Minigalieva, IA; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Sutunkova, MP, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The aims of this research were to investigate dose-response relationships between exposure to lead, mercury, toluene, and styrene and hearing impairment based on current epidemiological evidence, conduct cross-jurisdictional comparisons, and investigate control measures for exposure to ototoxic chemicals." | ( Exposure to lead, mercury, styrene, and toluene and hearing impairment: evaluation of dose-response relationships, regulations, and controls. Hemmativaghef, E, ) | 0.13 |
| " This study explores the limitations of current regression models in extrapolation to the low dose region of the dose-response curve due to the existence of unrecognized and uncontrolled confounding, using epidemiological data for lead." | ( The effect of confounding variables in studies of lead exposure and IQ. Fuller, WG; Schoof, RA; Van Landingham, C, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "A significant dose-response relationship was observed between Pb-B and ALA-U based on Pb-B-classified observations of increases in ALA-U values and the prevalence of over-reference ALA-U as well as regression analyses independent of smoking habits." | ( Reassessment of the threshold of the blood lead level to increase urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid based on their relationship in recent lead workers in Japan. Horiguchi, H; Ono, A, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Thus, the optimal dosage of Se NPs for foliar application is 50 μmol/L, which significantly decreased Cd accumulation, improved photosynthesis and Se enrichment whereas caused no distinct reduction of Pb in the grains." | ( Nano-selenium controlled cadmium accumulation and improved photosynthesis in indica rice cultivated in lead and cadmium combined paddy soils. Cao, T; Cheng, T; Liu, H; Liu, X; Shi, W; Wang, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhou, F, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The removal efficiency depends on the process parameters (initial concentration, the adsorbent dosage of T-Fe3O4 nanocomposites, residence time, and adsorbent pH)." | ( Artificial neural networks modeling for lead removal from aqueous solutions using iron oxide nanocomposites from bio-waste mass. Alnuaim, AA; Cho, KK; Harsha, MR; Hatamleh, AA; Hatamleh, WA; Maurya, AK; Narayana, PL; Paturi, UMR; Reddy, NS; Srikanth, O; Wang, XS, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The Thomas and Dose-Response models were used to predict the test results, and the mechanisms of Pb(II) adsorption on bone char were investigated." | ( Investigation of the transport characteristics of Pb(II) in sand-bone char columns. Li, G; Liu, J; Luo, T; Xi, Y; Zhang, J, ) | 0.13 |
| " (3) Results: After we adjusted the conventional cardiovascular risk factors, CD31+/CD42a- and CD31+/CD42a+ counts, in subjects' serum, respective markers of EMP and PMP displayed a significant positive dose-response relationship with urinary lead and cadmium levels." | ( Positive Association between Endothelium-Platelet Microparticles and Urinary Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in Adolescents and Young Adults. Huang, PC; Lee, CK; Lin, CY; Su, TC; Sung, FC; Wu, C, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon observed in numerous living organisms, caused by low levels of a large number of stressors, among which metal ions." | ( Induction of hormesis in plants by urban trace metal pollution. Guardigli, G; Mattarello, G; Odajiu, M; Salinitro, M; Tassoni, A, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The results showed that increasing the roasting temperature, time, and dosage of coal facilitated the generation of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and volatilization of Zn and Pb." | ( Volatilization of Zn and Pb and preparation of integrated micro-electrolysis filter from copper slag and its application for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Gao, C; Hu, M; Le, C; Qiu, T; Wang, M; Yu, W; Zeng, D; Zhu, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Quantitative analyzes of dose-response relationships of genotoxic chemicals are among these application areas too." | ( Derivation of a biological limit value (BLV) for inorganic lead based on lead-induced genotoxicity in workers using the benchmark dose approach (BMD). Duydu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Restrictive cubic splineswere used to further determine potential dose-response relationships." | ( [Associations of hyperlipidemia and its subtypes with blood lead levels in Lu'an City community older adults in 2016]. Chen, G; Cheng, B; Cheng, W; Li, X; Sheng, J; Tao, F; Wang, A; Wei, R; Xu, P; Yang, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Anesthetized rats dosed with peptides demonstrated treatment-related decreases in blood pressure and increases in plasma histamine concentrations which were reversible with a mast cell stabilizer, supporting the MCD mechanism." | ( Guiding Chemically Synthesized Peptide Drug Lead Optimization by Derisking Mast Cell Degranulation-Related Toxicities of a NaV1.7 Peptide Inhibitor. Adams, GL; Amin, RP; Ballard, JE; Bianchi, E; Burton, A; Chen, F; Colarusso, S; De Simone, D; Frattarelli, T; Gerenser, P; Kraus, RL; Lee, KJ; Li, N; Li, Y; Morissette, P; Palani, A; Pasquini, NM; Regan, C; Regan, H; Sun, C; Tellers, D; Vavrek, M; Wang, W; Zhu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The objective of this work was to determine the effect of dosage on the immobilization of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in sediment by red mud (RM)." | ( Immobilization of lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, and zinc in sediment by red mud: adsorption characteristics, mechanism, and effect of dosage on immobilization efficiency. Bai, X; Lin, J; Zhan, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The aim of this study was to determine neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of Pb in six low doses and to establish dose-response relationship for these effects and related Benchmark dose (BMD)." | ( Comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms of low dose Pb exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis. Antonijević, B; Anđelković, M; Batinić, B; Boričić, N; Bulat, Z; Djordjevic, AB; Javorac, D; Miljaković, EA; Repić, A; Tatović, S; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The results of response surface methodology optimization design showed that the order of influence on adsorption of Pb2+ was solution pH > adsorbent dosage > rotating speed." | ( The Removal of Pb Lin, Y; Liu, Z; Tian, S; Yang, S; Zeng, J; Zhang, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " There was an independent dose-response association between average weekly dose and BLL among people using opium, overall and when stratified by route of use." | ( Lead poisoning among asymptomatic individuals with a long-term history of opiate use in Golestan Cohort Study. Abnet, CC; Boffetta, P; Brennan, P; Dargan, PI; Dawsey, SM; Etemadi, A; Freedman, ND; Hariri, S; Hassanian-Moghaddam, H; Jones, RL; Kamangar, F; Malekzadeh, R; Poustchi, H; Roshandel, G; Shayanrad, A, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in the human body can give rise to adverse health effects, the severity of which depends upon their dosage and duration of exposure." | ( Bioaccumulation of lead in different organs of Ctenopharyngodon Idella (grass fish) and Tor putitora (Mahseer) fish. Almeer, R; Kamran, AW; Latif, M; Muhammad, A; Naz, S; Sayed, A; Shah, AB; Ullah, R; Zahoor, M, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " There was a dose-response association between pack-years and the odds ratios (ORs) of high BCd and BPb levels in all participants compared with non-smokers." | ( The Effect of Smoking Habits on Blood Cadmium and Lead Levels in Residents Living Near a Mining and Smelting Area in Northwest China: a Cross-Sectional Study. Dai, H; Li, X; Luo, B; Niu, J; Wang, H; Yan, J; Zhang, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to characterize a dose-response relationship between continuous exposure to different nephrotoxic metals and the occurrence of UUI and SUI." | ( Relationship between exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury and the occurrence of urinary incontinence in women. Li, Z; Lu, Y; Mao, W; Ni, J; Peng, B; Wang, G; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Xie, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Besides individual positive associations of maternal Hg and Pb exposure with offspring OWO, BKMR clearly indicated a positive dose-response association between in-utero co-exposure to the three toxic metals and childhood OWO." | ( In-utero co-exposure to toxic metals and micronutrients on childhood risk of overweight or obesity: new insight on micronutrients counteracting toxic metals. Bind, E; Buckley, JP; Haltmeier, D; Hong, X; Hou, W; Huang, W; Igusa, T; Ji, Y; Mukherjee, J; Steffens, A; Tina Fan, Z; Wang, G; Wang, X; Xu, R, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The dose-response curve showed a positive nonlinear association between blood cadmium and lead levels and ED and a negative nonlinear association between blood and urinary mercury levels and ED after propensity score matching." | ( Associations between exposure to different heavy metals and self-reported erectile dysfunction: a population-based study using data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chen, M; Chen, S; Liu, C; Mao, W; Sun, C; Wu, J; Xu, B; You, Z, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Anti-CD71 PDC remained mostly masked (>80%) in circulation throughout dosing in cynomolgus monkeys at 2, 6, and 12 mg/kg and displayed a 10-fold improvement in tolerability compared with an anti-CD71 ADC, which was lethal." | ( Nonclinical Efficacy and Safety of CX-2029, an Anti-CD71 Probody-Drug Conjugate. Badagnani, I; Belvin, M; Buchanan, F; Chauhan, N; Desnoyers, L; DuPage, A; Duvur, S; Elkins, K; Henriques, T; Huang, Y; Jang, A; Jeffries, S; Kavanaugh, WM; Krebber, C; Krimm, M; Leanna, R; Li, Y; Liu, S; Miller, A; Moore, SJ; Morgan-Lappe, S; Patrick, S; Ravn, M; Richardson, J; Sagert, J; Schleyer, S; Serwer, L; Singh, S; Terrett, J; Tipton, K; Ureno, E; Vasiljeva, O; Viswanathan, S; Wang, L; Wong, K, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Finally, according to the orthogonal analysis of BCR results, HA dosage was the major factor affecting Pb and Zn immobilization by CMSH compared to soil pH and moisture content in this study." | ( Development of chitosan-magnetic sawdust hydrochar for Pb and Zn immobilization process on various soil conditions. Dan, Y; Diao, Y; Liu, F; Sang, W; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhou, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Importantly, a good linear dose-response model in a wide dose range (2." | ( Metabolic engineering of the violacein biosynthetic pathway toward a low-cost, minimal-equipment lead biosensor. Guo, Y; Hui, CY; Li, LM; Yi, J; Zhang, NX; Zhu, DL, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " We used general linear models and restricted cubic splines to test dose-response relationships between single metals and fetal growth." | ( Maternal exposure to metal mixtures during early pregnancy and fetal growth in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort, China. Dou, Y; Du, J; Guo, W; Hu, Z; Jiang, T; Jiang, Y; Jin, G; Li, M; Li, Z; Lin, Y; Lu, C; Lu, Q; Lv, H; Ma, H; Qin, R; Qiu, Y; Yin, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "94, per 1 increase in common logarithm of lead concentration), there were no dose-response relationships in the analysis using quintiles of lead concentrations." | ( No association between prenatal lead exposure and neurodevelopment during early childhood in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Hamada, N; Inoue, H; Kamijima, M; Kusuhara, K; Nakayama, SF; Ogawa, M; Ohga, S; Sanefuji, M; Shimono, M; Sonoda, Y; Suga, R; Taniguchi, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Hormetic dose-response induced by Pb was >118 % for earthworm avoidance response." | ( Ecological toxicity (EC Chen, S; Qin, L; Sun, X; Wang, L; Wang, M; Yu, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " However, there are inconsistencies in the dose-response effects on the thyroid and kidneys." | ( Effects of lead exposure on biomarkers of thyroid and renal function tests among panel beaters in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Aguwa, EN; Kassy, CW; Meka, IA; Okwor, CJ; Onodugo, NP; Onodugo, OD, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " However, the precise role of Pb in endocrine health is still unclear because no dose-response relationship has been established for such an effect." | ( Exploring the endocrine disrupting potential of lead through benchmark modelling - Study in humans. Baralić, K; Bulat, Z; Djordjevic, AB; Javorac, D; Mandić-Rajčević, S; Marić, Đ; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The results showed that CaO was the best additive among the six tested, with an optimum dosage of 5%." | ( Synergistic mechanism and application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and inorganic additives for passivation of heavy metals in copper-nickel tailings. He, Z; Jin, Z; Pan, X; Wang, W; Xu, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " To evaluate the feasibility, the agent dosage and two quality parameters (particle size and purity) of struvite and K-struvite were considered for the experimental design and statically analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS)." | ( Comparison of struvite and K-struvite for Pb and Cr immobilisation in contaminated soil. Li, B; Wicaksana, F; Young, B; Yu, W; Zhang, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The optimal application conditions for adsorption equilibrium were the dosage of 4 g/L and reaction pH = 5." | ( Highly efficient preferential adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution using sodium lignosulfonate modified illite. Dong, Y; Lin, H; Lu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The application of DS at the dosage of 22." | ( Heavy metal pollution risk of desulfurized steel slag as a soil amendment in cycling use of solid wastes. Kong, F; Lu, S; Ying, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "9% after 16-days of settling periods with 10% dosage of BA at room temperature." | ( A novel and sustainable technique to immobilize lead and zinc in MSW incineration fly ash by using pozzolanic bottom ash. Nag, M; Shimaoka, T, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Moreover, the toxic metal mixture (As, Cd, and Pb) exhibited a significant negative association with MMSE scores in a dose-response pattern, with Pb being the greatest contributor within the mixture." | ( Selenium attenuates the association of co-exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead with cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Cao, HJ; Chen, GM; Cheng, BJ; Li, XD; Meng, XL; Nie, HH; Sheng, J; Tao, FB; Wang, HL; Wang, SF; Wang, Y; Yang, LS; Zhang, DM; Zhou, TT, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " As the chemical structure of metal ions is influenced by solution pH, this parameter was considered experimentally, and pH 4, dosage 50 mg, and time 120 min were found to be the best with high capacity for all adsorbates." | ( Sulfur-Doped Binary Layered Metal Oxides Incorporated on Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions. Darajeh, N; Jume, BH; Parandi, E; Rastin, M; Rezania, S; Valizadeh Dana, N, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In Cd and Pb co-exposure analysis, significant negative dose-response relationships were observed between co-exposure to Cd and Pb and serum CRL and CRN levels." | ( Effects of cadmium and lead co-exposure on glucocorticoid levels in rural residents of northwest China. Li, X; Luo, B; Nie, G; Niu, J; Wang, H; Xie, D; Yan, J; Zhang, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The dose-response results revealed that the interaction could weaken the toxicity of both Pb and Cd, and Cd had a more significant inhibitory effect on Pb toxicity." | ( Quantitative analysis of dose interval effect of Pb-Cd interaction on Oryza sativa L. root. Chen, C; Hou, J; Kou, M; Tan, W; Wang, M; Wei, R; Xiong, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This is the first time to propose a dose-response relationship between OP and oxidative stress." | ( Oxidative potential of heavy-metal contaminated soil reflects its ecological risk on earthworm. Cai, H; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Peng, C; Ran, C; Wang, L; Zhang, W, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, depending on the type of toxic metal and the carrier system used to release TQ in biological systems, its therapeutic dosage range may be varied." | ( Protective potential of thymoquinone against cadmium, arsenic, and lead toxicity: A short review with emphasis on oxidative pathways. Ghasemi, F; Nili-Ahmadabadi, A; Nili-Ahmadabadi, M; Omidifar, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "5% dosage consistently and most effectively enhanced the shoot biomass, increased leaf Vitamin C content but reduced leaf content of nitrate and heavy metals in both harvests." | ( Preparation and application of biochar from co-pyrolysis of different feedstocks for immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil. Bian, R; Gong, X; Li, L; Lian, W; Liu, Z; Lu, H; Pan, G; Shi, W; Tian, S; Wang, Y; Yu, Q; Zheng, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " To evaluate the overall effect of heavy metals and detect the dose-response relationship between the prevalence of pan-cancers associated with sex hormones and heavy metals, RCS (restricted cubic splines) were applied." | ( A cross-sectional study of the association between heavy metals and pan-cancers associated with sex hormones in NHANES 1999-2018. Cao, HM; Huang, BY; Ma, L; Wan, Z; Wu, Y; Yang, YZ; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " We used national food consumption data from the third French national food consumption survey, chemical food monitoring data from the Second French Total Diet Study (TDS), dose-response data and disability weights from scientific literature, and disease incidence and demographics from national statistics." | ( Harmonized approach to estimate the burden of disease of dietary exposure to four chemical contaminants - A French study. Bemrah, N; Guillier, L; Jakobsen, LS; Pires, SM; Redondo, HG; Thomsen, ST, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Negative dose-response relationships between PA and the prevalence of CVD and subtypes were identified." | ( Physical activity attenuates the association between blood cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. Bai, B; Chen, Y; Cheng, S; Geng, Q; Kong, B; Liu, F; Liu, Q; Ma, H; Wang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The effects varied depending on the dosage of microplastics, particle size, and solution pH." | ( Exploring the interaction between microplastics and heavy metals: unveiling the impact of microplastics on lead sorption and desorption in soil. Ghanatghestani, MD; Moeinpour, F; Parvaresh, H; Shirkhorshidi, B, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Further studies are needed to explore the recommended Zn dosage for T2DM patients at different stages, which may ameliorate pancreatic senescence and glycemic progression." | ( Urinary essential and toxic metal mixtures, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Telomere shortening as an intermediary factor? Chen, X; Fu, Y; Huang, K; Liu, J; Liu, P; Lu, S; Ma, J; Ren, X; Xu, B; Zhang, D; Zheng, Q, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Male mice were dosed with lead acetate (500 mg/L) in free drinking water for 12 weeks, and administered melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vitamin C (500 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection." | ( Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. Mei, S; Wang, J; Wang, XZ; Yin, YR; Zhang, JJ; Zhao, ZM; Zheng, QY, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Then the dose-response relationships of lead exposure with neurotoxicity and DNAm were established by benchmark dose (BMD) model, followed by potential signaling pathway screening." | ( Quantitative relationships of FAM50B and PTCHD3 methylation with reduced intelligence quotients in school aged children exposed to lead: Evidence from epidemiological and in vitro studies. Dong, G; Li, D; Li, J; Liu, F; Liu, J; Ma, H; Wan, C; Wang, X; Yu, Z; Zeng, X; Zhang, G, 2024) | 1.44 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| neurotoxin | A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| elemental lead | |
| metal atom | An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. |
| carbon group element atom | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Pathway | Proteins | Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Metabolism | 1496 | 1108 |
| Porphyrin metabolism | 23 | 44 |
| Heme biosynthesis | 15 | 30 |
| HMOX1 pathway (COVID-19 Disease Map) | 36 | 30 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 8729 (25.05) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3997 (11.47) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6898 (19.79) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 9524 (27.33) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5701 (16.36) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 214 (0.58%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1,523 (4.12%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 533 (1.44%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 35 (0.09%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 34,697 (93.77%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||