sodium sulfate profile

Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), also known as Glauber's salt, is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It is naturally occurring in the mineral thenardite and is a byproduct of many industrial processes. Sodium sulfate is used in a wide variety of applications, including:

* **Detergents and cleaners:** Sodium sulfate is a filler in laundry detergents and other cleaning products, as well as in dishwashing detergents. It helps to improve the cleaning power of the detergent by increasing the volume of the product and reducing the amount of surfactant needed.
* **Paper manufacturing:** Sodium sulfate is used in the kraft process for paper pulp production, where it serves as a cooking chemical.
* **Glassmaking:** Sodium sulfate is added to glass mixtures to control the melting temperature and viscosity of the glass. It also helps to remove bubbles from the glass.
* **Textile dyeing:** Sodium sulfate is used as a dye fixer in the textile industry. It helps to prevent the dye from bleeding and to improve the fastness of the dye.
* **Medicine:** Sodium sulfate is used as a laxative to treat constipation. It is also used as an antidote for poisoning by barium salts.
* **Agriculture:** Sodium sulfate is used as a fertilizer for plants that require a high amount of sulfur. It is also used to improve the soil structure and drainage.
* **Other applications:** Sodium sulfate is used in the production of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulfide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, pigments, and explosives.
Sodium sulfate is typically synthesized by reacting sulfuric acid with sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide. The reaction produces sodium sulfate and hydrochloric acid or water, respectively.
The effects of sodium sulfate on the body can vary depending on the dose and route of exposure. In general, sodium sulfate is considered to be relatively safe. However, at high doses, it can cause diarrhea, dehydration, and other gastrointestinal problems.
Sodium sulfate is studied for its potential applications in various fields, including:
* **Medical research:** Sodium sulfate is being investigated for its potential use in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
* **Environmental research:** Sodium sulfate is being studied for its potential use in the remediation of contaminated soil and water.
* **Industrial research:** Sodium sulfate is being studied for its potential use in the development of new and improved materials and processes.
Sodium sulfate is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications. It is a key ingredient in many industrial processes and products and is also being studied for its potential in various fields.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	24436
CHEMBL ID	233406
CHEBI ID	32149
MeSH ID	M0058743

Synonym
AKOS015833463
sulfate, sodium
natriumsulfat (german)
dibasic sodium sulfate
sodium sulfate anhydrous
hsdb 5042
sulfuric acid sodium salt (1:2)
sodium sulphate
natriumsulfat
CHEBI:32149 ,
na2so4 ,
sodium sulfate
bisodium sulfate
disodium sulfate
sulfuric acid disodium salt
sodium sulfate (na2so4)
disodium sulphate
salt cake
nsc-403914
7757-82-6
sodium sulfate, anhydrous
sulfuric acid, sodium salt
sodium sulfate, >=99.0%, plant cell culture tested
sodium sulfate, bioxtra, >=99.0%
D01732
sodium sulfate, dried (jan)
anhydous sodium sulfate (jp17)
sodium sulfate, dried (tn)
sodium sulfate, >=99.99% trace metals basis
sodium sulfate, bioultra, anhydrous, >=99.0% (t)
ins-514(i)
e514
CHEMBL233406
ins no.514(i)
e-514(i)
sulfuric acid sodium salt
sodium sulphate anhydrous
nsc 403914
sodium sulfate, dried [jan]
ai3-02398
epa pesticide chemical code 005604
einecs 231-820-9
36kcs0r750 ,
sodium sulfate, dried
ec 231-820-9
unii-36kcs0r750
caswell no. 793
na sulphate
dtxcid601291
NCGC00258598-01
cas-7757-82-6
tox21_201045
sodium sulfate anyhdrous
dtxsid1021291 ,
S0566
einecs 270-211-2
einecs 268-773-9
einecs 268-366-6
sda 17-062-04
FT-0645112
13759-07-4
thenardite (na2(so4))
sodium sulfate anhydrous [orange book]
sodium sulfate anhydrous [ii]
sulfuric acid disodium salt, anhydrous [who-ip]
sodium sulfate [hsdb]
anhydrous sodium sulfate [jan]
anhydrous sodium sulfate [mart.]
sodium sulfate, anhydrous [ep monograph]
sodium sulphate, anhydrous
sodium sulfate anhydrous [usp-rs]
natrii sulfas anhydricus [who-ip latin]
sodium sulfate anhydrous [usp monograph]
sodium sulfate anhydrous [who-dd]
sodium sulfate, anhydrous [who-ip]
sodium sulfate [mi]
sodium sulfate, acs reagent
sodiumsulfate
PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
na2o4s
sodium sulfate, for hplc, 99.0-101.0% (t)
mfcd00003504
15124-09-1
sodium sulfate, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), reagentplus(r), >=99%
sodium sulfate, anhydrous, granular, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), acs reagent, >=99%
sodium sulfate, purum, anhydrous, >=99.0% (t)
sodium sulfate, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), acs reagent, >=99%
sodium sulfate, tested according to ph.eur., anhydrous
sodium sulfate anhydrous, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
sodium sulfate, jis special grade, >=99.0%
sodium sulfate, saj first grade, >=99.0%, beads
sodium sulfate, saj first grade, >=99.0%, powder
sodium sulfate, puriss. p.a., acs reagent, reag. iso, reag. ph. eur., anhydrous, >=99.0%
sodium sulfate, acs reagent, >=99.0%, anhydrous, granular
sodium sulfate, acs reagent, >=99.0%, anhydrous, powder
sodium sulfate, meets usp testing specifications
sodium sulfate, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 99%
sodium sulfate, ar, anhydrous, >=99.5%
sodium sulfate, reagentplus(r), >=99.0%
sodium sulfate, lr, anhydrous, >=99%
sodium sulfate, p.a., 99.0-101.0%, reag. iso
sodium sulfate, trace metals grade, 99.99%
sulfuric acid disodium salt, anhydrous
DB09472
disodium;sulfate
sodium sulfate anhydrous; sodium sulphate
BCP13313
Q211737
sodium sulfate, 99.9955% (metals basis)
sodium sulfate sodium salt (na2so4)
sodium sulfate, anhydrous (ep monograph)
sodium sulfate anhydrous (usp monograph)
anhydrous sodium sulfate (mart.)
sal mirabilis anhydricus
natrii sulfas anhydricus
sodium sulfate anhydrous (ii)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sodium sulfate is a ubiquitous salt that reaches toxic concentrations due to mining and other industrial activities, yet is currently unregulated at the Federal level in the United States. "	( Sodium sulfate impacts feeding, specific dynamic action, and growth rate in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Soucek, DJ, 2007)	3.23

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sodium sulfate was the best treatment for promoting fecal hydration, followed by MgSO4 and the balanced electrolyte solution."	( Effects of enteral and intravenous fluid therapy, magnesium sulfate, and sodium sulfate on colonic contents and feces in horses. Crisman, MV; Donaldson, L; Lopes, MA; Ward, DL; White, NA, 2004)	1.28
"Sodium sulfate pretreatment potentiated the renal effects of a non-nephrotoxic dose of NDHS and 2-NDHSA to induce nephrotoxicity."	( Sodium sulfate potentiates N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide (NDHS) and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinamic acid (2-NDHSA) nephrotoxicity in the Fischer 344 rat. Anestis, DK; Ball, JG; Brown, PI; Hong, SK; Rankin, GO; Valentovic, MA, 1999)	2.47

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The toxicity of the herbicide paraquat in mice, measured by the single dose LD50 after 7 days, was significantly decreased by coinjection of thiosulfite (1 g/kg; one time per day for 3 days) or sulfite (0."	( Protection against paraquat-induced toxicity with sulfite or thiosulfate in mice. Yamamoto, H, 1993)	0.29
" The study found that sodium chloride (NaCl) is the more toxic of the common sodium salts found in wastewater to the worms."	( The risk of sodium toxicity from bed accumulation to key species in the vermifiltration wastewater treatment process. Ho, G; Hughes, RJ; Nair, J, 2009)	0.35
" Effluents from a metal plating factory and a rubber products factory were acutely toxic toward Daphnia magna and the toxicity varied over different sampling events (2."	( A comparative study on toxicity identification of industrial effluents using Daphnia magna. Han, T; Jo, HJ; Jung, J; Kim, E; Yi, X, 2011)	0.37
" An increase in the sulphate concentration, in deficient environments, could alleviate the toxic effect of this metal; however, a relative excess is also negative."	( Sulphate, more than a nutrient, protects the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii from cadmium toxicity. Abalde, J; Mera, R; Torres, E, 2014)	0.4
" Safety was assessed by spontaneously reported adverse events, solicited ratings of expected prep symptoms, and laboratory testing."	( A Safety and Efficacy Comparison of a New Sulfate-Based Tablet Bowel Preparation Versus a PEG and Ascorbate Comparator in Adult Subjects Undergoing Colonoscopy. Bhandari, R; Cleveland, MV; Di Palma, JA; Hall, S; McGowan, J; Mishkin, DS; Tesoriero, J, 2021)	0.62
" No serious adverse experiences were reported with OST."	( A Safety and Efficacy Comparison of a New Sulfate-Based Tablet Bowel Preparation Versus a PEG and Ascorbate Comparator in Adult Subjects Undergoing Colonoscopy. Bhandari, R; Cleveland, MV; Di Palma, JA; Hall, S; McGowan, J; Mishkin, DS; Tesoriero, J, 2021)	0.62
" The OST prep was well-tolerated, with a similar rate of spontaneously reported adverse experiences to PEG-EA and a low rate of severe expected gastrointestinal symptoms."	( A Safety and Efficacy Comparison of a New Sulfate-Based Tablet Bowel Preparation Versus a PEG and Ascorbate Comparator in Adult Subjects Undergoing Colonoscopy. Bhandari, R; Cleveland, MV; Di Palma, JA; Hall, S; McGowan, J; Mishkin, DS; Tesoriero, J, 2021)	0.62
"Sulfate occurs naturally in the aquatic environment but its elevated levels can be toxic to aquatic life in freshwater environments."	( Sulfate toxicity to early life stages of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) in soft freshwater. Karjalainen, AK; Karjalainen, J; Mäkinen, M, 2021)	0.62
" The Panel concluded that Sodium Sulfate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating."	( Final Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Sulfate as Used in Cosmetics. Belsito, DV; Bergfeld, WF; Gill, LJ; Heldreth, B; Hill, RA; Klaassen, CD; Liebler, DC; Marks, JG; Scott, LN; Shank, RC; Slaga, TJ; Snyder, PW, )	0.71

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This validated method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of PSS and PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PSS-NP) in rat plasma after a single intravenous (PSS only) and oral administration (PSS and PSS-NP)."	( An HPLC method for microanalysis and pharmacokinetics of marine sulfated polysaccharide PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in rat plasma. Guan, HS; He, XX; Li, CX; Li, HH; Li, PL; Liu, HB; Xue, YT; Yu, GL, 2013)	0.39

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The effect of a saline cathartic combined with activated charcoal or activated charcoal alone on aspirin bioavailability was characterized in six healthy volunteers."	( Saline catharsis: effect on aspirin bioavailability in combination with activated charcoal. Anderson, WH; Czajka, PA; Mowry, JB; Sketris, IS; Stafford, DT, 1982)	0.26
"Recent studies showed that sodium acid sulfate (SAS) and levulinic acid (LA) in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was effective in inactivating human pathogens on Romaine lettuce."	( Acids in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate caused quality deterioration of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during storage in modified atmosphere package. Fan, X; Guan, W; Huang, L, 2010)	0.36
" The external application of mirabilite and rhubarb (EAMR) combined with intrathoracic infusion of cisplatin, as an alternative treatment for MPE, is popular in China."	( The clinical efficacy of external application of mirabilite and rhubarb combined with intrathoracic chemotherapy in treating malignant pleural effusion: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Gao, L; Jiang, M; Lin, Z; Zhang, H, 2021)	0.62
" Therefore, external application of mirabilite and rhubarb combined with intrathoracic infusion of cisplatin is an effective method for the treatment of MPE, which is worth popularizing."	( The clinical efficacy of external application of mirabilite and rhubarb combined with intrathoracic chemotherapy in treating malignant pleural effusion: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Gao, L; Jiang, M; Lin, Z; Zhang, H, 2021)	0.62
" casei ATCC 393 combined with VIP significantly reduced UC disease activity index."	( Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 combined with vasoactive intestinal peptide alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Chang, J; Dou, X; Qiao, L; Song, X; Xu, C; Zeng, X; Zhu, L, 2023)	1.13

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Calcium carbonate supplements depress iron bioavailability when consumed with meals."	( Calcium carbonate depresses iron bioavailability in rats more than calcium sulfate or sodium carbonate. Miller, DD; Prather, TA, 1992)	0.28
" Average fluid absorption rate was 791 ml/h with the balanced electrolyte solution, compared with only 63 and 45 ml/h with Golytely and Golytely-RSS, respectively."	( A low-sodium solution for gastrointestinal lavage. Fordtran, JS; Santa Ana, CA, 1990)	0.28
"Twelve growing Angus heifers averaging 282 kg in weight were fed a tall fescue hay-based diet in a completely randomized design experiment to determine sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) metabolism and bioavailability of different forms of supplemental S:elemental S (E), sodium sulfate (SU) and DL-methionine (M)."	( Sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in the bovine fed different forms of supplemental sulfur. Boling, JA; Bush, LP; Dawson, KA; Fron, MJ, 1990)	0.46
" The results confirm that activated charcoal can reduce acetaminophen absorption and show that oral administration of activated charcoal with sodium sulfate does not alter the inhibitory effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption or the bioavailability of the sulfate."	( Evaluation of activated charcoal-sodium sulfate combination for inhibition of acetaminophen absorption and repletion of inorganic sulfate. Galinsky, RE; Levy, G, 1984)	0.75
"The effect of a saline cathartic combined with activated charcoal or activated charcoal alone on aspirin bioavailability was characterized in six healthy volunteers."	( Saline catharsis: effect on aspirin bioavailability in combination with activated charcoal. Anderson, WH; Czajka, PA; Mowry, JB; Sketris, IS; Stafford, DT, 1982)	0.26
"0 g of the anhydrous salt) and to compare the bioavailability when this amount is administered orally to normal subjects as a single dose and as four equally divided hourly doses."	( Absorption of orally administered sodium sulfate in humans. Cocchetto, DM; Levy, G, 1981)	0.54
" The relative bioavailability of PSS-NP was 190."	( An HPLC method for microanalysis and pharmacokinetics of marine sulfated polysaccharide PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in rat plasma. Guan, HS; He, XX; Li, CX; Li, HH; Li, PL; Liu, HB; Xue, YT; Yu, GL, 2013)	0.39
" The study manifested that NaCI can significantly increase migration of Hg( II ) in the soil irrigated with wastewater, which may enhance Hg( II) bioavailability in the soil and cause a hazard to surface water."	( [Simulation study on the effect of salinity on the adsorption behavior of mercury in wastewater-irrigated area]. Li, XH; Xu, ZY; Zheng, SA, 2014)	0.4
"A new tablet-based bowel prep for colonoscopy has been developed containing poorly absorbed sulfate salts which act to retain water within the intestinal lumen resulting in a copious diarrhea, thereby cleansing the bowel."	( A Safety and Efficacy Comparison of a New Sulfate-Based Tablet Bowel Preparation Versus a PEG and Ascorbate Comparator in Adult Subjects Undergoing Colonoscopy. Bhandari, R; Cleveland, MV; Di Palma, JA; Hall, S; McGowan, J; Mishkin, DS; Tesoriero, J, 2021)	0.62

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and sn-1,2,diacylglycerol, were at equivalent dose-response levels with or without genistein (0."	( Genistein inhibits DNA synthesis but has no effect on levels of DAG and IP3, cell rounding and alkalinization in sulphate-treated Chang liver cells. Bay, BH; Sit, KH; Wong, KP, )	0.13
" Inhibition by Pi showed no dose-response relationship over the range tested (1-350 microM)."	( Analysis of the inhibitory effect of inorganic phosphate on development of four-cell hamster embryos in vitro. Bavister, BD; Monis, H, 1990)	0.28
"To examine the effect of glucocorticoids on sulfate transport by the chick (domestic Gallus gallus) renal tubule we dosed 3-wk-old animals with 60 micrograms dexamethasone/100 g body wt at 24 and 6 h before isolation of renal brush-border (BBM) and basolateral membranes (BLM)."	( Glucocorticoid inhibition of Na-SO4 transport by chick renal brush-border membranes. Clark, NB; Lynch, MA; Metts, RE; Renfro, JL, 1989)	0.28
"Oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC), IV NAC, and IV sodium sulfate were evaluated as treatments for cats dosed orally with toxic sublethal doses of acetaminophen (APAP)."	( Effects of various antidotal treatments on acetaminophen toxicosis and biotransformation in cats. Leipold, HW; Oehme, FW; Savides, MC, 1985)	0.53
" Three cases of vitamin D poisoning are described, in each of which the indication for treating the patients was reasonable but the dosage was not adapted as it should have been."	( [Vitamin D intoxication]. Courvoisier, B; Jung, A, 1980)	0.26
" The same faecal metabolites as those detected in faeces of the rat dosed with 14C-labelled S-23121 were similarly found after dosing with any of the 35S-labelled chemicals."	( Metabolism of N-[4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-[(1-methyl-2- propynl)oxy]phenyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (S-23121) in the rat: I. Identification of a new, sulphonic acid type of conjugate. Kaneko, H; Matsunaga, H; Nakatsuka, I; Yamada, H; Yoshino, H; Yoshitake, A, 1993)	0.29
" However, high concentrations of these cations produce significant toxicity, so dosage will be an important concern in development of these agents."	( Relaxant effect of magnesium and zinc on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Hashimoto, Y; Hirota, K; Ishihara, H; Matsuki, A; Ohtomo, N; Sato, T; Yoshioka, H, 1999)	0.3
" The dose-response curves of inhibition of binding of (125)I-T(2)S to anti-T(2)S by serial dilutions of ethanol extracts of serum or urine were essentially parallel to the standard curve."	( A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate: Studies in thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases, pregnancy, and fetal/neonatal life. Chopra, IJ, 2004)	0.32
" Sulfide, either dosed externally or formed during the batch incubation out of endogenous sulfur sources or the supplied sulfate or sulfite, influences the production and consumption of the intermediate nitrous oxide (N2O) during Fe(II)EDTA2- bound NO reduction."	( Effect of sulfur compounds on biological reduction of nitric oxide in aqueous Fe(II)EDTA2- solutions. Lens, PN; Manconi, I; van der Maas, P, 2006)	0.33
" The effects of operating parameters such as pH, current density, PAC (poly aluminum chloride) dosage and Na(2)SO(4) dosage on the removal of organics and COD removal efficiency have been investigated."	( Electrocoagulation of vegetable oil refinery wastewater using aluminum electrodes. Bakir Ogutveren, U; Koparal, AS; Tezcan Un, U, 2009)	0.35
" The effects of parameters including reactant dosing sequence, Fe(II)/Oxone molar ratio and concentration, solution pH, and inorganic salts on the process performance have been investigated."	( Degradation of a xanthene dye by Fe(II)-mediated activation of Oxone process. Chu, W; Wang, YR, 2011)	0.37
" The effects of electrode distance, initial pH, sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as a supporting electrolyte, polyaluminum chloride dosage as a coagulant aid, and current density on the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were examined."	( Treatment of oily wastewater of a gas refinery by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes. Khalvati-Fahlyani, A; Saeedi, M, 2011)	0.62
" Ozone disinfection and sodium bisulfite dosing were able to reduce CDI fouling rate."	( RO brine treatment and recovery by biological activated carbon and capacitive deionization process. Kekre, K; Lee, LY; Ng, HY; Ong, SL; Seah, H; Tao, G; Viswanath, B, 2011)	0.37
"The time of first defecation, number of passing stools, the time of normalization of cholinesterase (ChE) activity, time of atropinization, dosage of atropinization, and total amount of atropine given, incidence of adverse reactions, and hospital stay in two groups were observed, a statistical analysis of the data was conducted."	( [Effect of rhubarb and Glauber's salt cathartic intervention on acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning]. Chen, CH; Huang, M; Xiao, L; Yan, XL; Zhu, JY, 2012)	0.38
" For partially replaced samples with copper, lead concentrations were unchanged by phosphate dosing at moderate flow (103 ± 265 vs 169 ± 349 μg/L) and were increased to very high levels when sampled at high flow rates (1001 ± 1808 vs 257 ± 224 μg/L)."	( Impact of treatment on Pb release from full and partially replaced harvested Lead Service Lines (LSLs). Cartier, C; Doré, E; Edwards, M; Laroche, L; Nour, S; Prévost, M, 2013)	0.39
" Furthermore, patients for whom treatment was discontinued or dosage was reduced demonstrated a large reduction in body mass index."	( Investigation into the Establishment of Indicators for Pharmaceutical Intervention in Cancer Pharmacotherapy. Kimura, M, 2016)	0.43
" Recently many studies have attempted to find the most ideal regimens, and more convenient, effective, and safe regimens have been developed by reducing the dosing volume and improving the taste."	( [Optimal Laxatives for Oral Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation: from High-volume to Novel Low-volume Solutions]. Moon, W; Na, SY, 2020)	0.56
" In particular, a high rate of cancer was observed at 10 and 20 weeks after administration in 12-week-old CD4-dnTGFβRII mice dosed at 15 mg/kg."	( Establishment of a Novel Colitis-Associated Cancer Mouse Model Showing Flat Invasive Neoplasia. Ando, Y; Aoi, M; Fukui, T; Horitani, S; Matsumoto, Y; Naganuma, M; Okazaki, K; Tanaka, H; Tomiyama, T; Tsuneyama, K; Uragami, T, 2023)	0.91

Product Category	Products
Other	13
Canned foods, Meals, Soups, Canned meals, Canned soups	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Confectioneries	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Cocoa and its products, Confectioneries, Chocolate candies	2
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Céréales et pommes de terre, Graines, Céréales et dérivés, Céréales en grains, Riz, Riz long grain	1
Condiments, Groceries	1
Frutti di mare, en:Fishes and their products, Alimenti in scatola, Pesci, Pesce in scatola	1
Aides culinaires, Aides à la pâtisserie, Pâtes à sucre	1
Snacks, Salty snacks, Appetizers, Chips and fries, Meals, Crisps	1
Surgelés, Plats préparés, Crêpes et galettes, Crêpes, Crêpes fourrées, Plats préparés surgelés, Crêpes fourrées salées, Crêpes au fromage, Crêpes salées	1
Ice creams	1
Getränke, Getrocknete Produkte, Getrocknete Produkte zur Rehydrierung, Getrocknete Getränke, Energy-Drinks	1
Latticini, Cibi fermentati, Prodotti lattiero-caseari fermentati, Formaggi, Formaggi italiani, Formaggio spalmabile, Mascarpone	1
Meals, Prepared salads	1
Boissons, Boissons gazeuses, Eaux, Eaux de sources, Eaux minérales, Eaux gazeuses, Eaux minérales naturelles, Eau minérale naturelle gazéifiée	1
Frutti di mare, en:Fishes and their products, Alimenti in scatola, Pesci, en:Fatty fishes, Pesce in scatola, Tonno, Tonno in scatola	1
Condiments, Sauces, Pasta sauces, Alfredo sauces, Groceries	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Canned foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Canned plant-based foods, Fruits based foods, Canned fruits	2
Еда и напитки из растительного сырья, Еда из растительного сырья, Консервы, Десерты, Продукты из фруктов или овощей, Консервы из растительных продуктов, Блюда из фруктов, Консервированные фрукты, en:Fruits in syrup, en:Peaches in syrup, Консервированные п	1
Pet Supplies	1
Beauty & Personal Care	27
Household Essentials	35
Baby & Kids Products	2

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
French onion with beef stock condensed soup, french onion		Canned foods, Meals, Soups, Canned meals, Canned soups	lactic acid	2024-02-12
M&m's, chocolate candies, crispy		Snacks, Sweet snacks, Confectioneries	lactose	2024-02-12
M&m's, chocolate candies, peanut		Snacks, Sweet snacks, Cocoa and its products, Confectioneries, Chocolate candies	lactose	2024-02-11
Alfredo sauce, alfredo	Schnucks	Condiments, Sauces, Pasta sauces, Alfredo sauces, Groceries	lactic acid	2024-02-09
Snickers, candy bars	Snickers	Snacks, Sweet snacks, Cocoa and its products, Confectioneries, Chocolate candies	lactose,lactose	2024-02-11
Cream of chicken soup	Tesco	Other	niacin	2024-02-11
Abound Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Chicken Dinner -- 2.6 oz	Abound	Pet Supplies	D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium sulfate, taurine, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abra Therapeutics Muscle Therapy Bath Eucalyptus & Rosemary -- 17 oz	Abra Therapeutics	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Shampoo Body Builder Mango -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, linolenic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, retinyl palmitate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Very Emollient Bath & Shower Gel Island Citrus -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica® Natural Hawaiian Shampoo Gardenia -- 12 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxycitronellal, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, linalool, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Aloe Vera -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Cocoa Dreams -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Lavender Mint -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Sugared Lemon -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, alphaisomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Sweet Apricot -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, sodium laureth sulfate, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Aloe Vera -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Cocoa Dreams -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Lavender Mint -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Sugared Lemon -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, alpha-isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Sweet Apricot -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Bath & Shower Gel Nourishing Lavender -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Coumarin, Coumarin, Decyl Glucoside, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Bath & Shower Gel Revitalizing Peppermint -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Biotin B-Complex Thickening Shampoo -- 14 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, biotin, beta-caryophyllene, citric acid, decyl glucoside, glycerin, niacinamide, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Scalp Normalizing Shampoo Tea Tree Mint -- 14 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Citric Acid, Terpineol, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Camphor, Citric Acid, Citronellol, Decyl Glucoside, Geranyl Acetate, Limonene, Linalyl Acetate, Menthol, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Scalp Treatment Tea Tree Shampoo -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, decyl glucoside, beta-glucan, oat, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Clarifying Lemon -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citral, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Nourishing Lavender -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, decyl glucoside, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Scalp Treatment Tea Tree -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, bisabolol, citric acid, decyl glucoside, beta-glucan, Oat, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Smooth Shine Apple Cider Vinegar -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, camphor, citric acid, decyl glucoside, ethyl acetoacetate, glycerin, sodium sulfate, gamma-undecalactone	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Strengthening Peppermint -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Volumizing Rosemary -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Thickening Shampoo Biotin-B-Complex Therapy -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Beta-Caryophyllene, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Glycerin, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Vitamin C Cleansing Gel -- 6 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, calcium ascorbate, citric acid, decyl glucoside, glycerin, calcium carbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate, squalane	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Volumizing Rosemary Shampoo -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, decyl glucoside, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biokleen Automatic Dish Powder BioActive Citrus Essence -- 32 oz	Biokleen	Household Essentials	sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate, zeolite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cantu For Men 2-in-1 Hair & Body Wash -- 13.5 fl oz	Cantu	Beauty & Personal Care	d-limonene, citric acid, laureth-4, benzyl benzoate, caffeine, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, laureth-4, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, hemp, linalool, menthol, phenoxyethanol, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
CitraSolv Homesolv - Dishwasher Detergent Pacs Free & Clear -- 20 Packs	CitraSolv	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, Sodium citrate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dapple Baby Dishwasher Detergent Pacs Hypoallergenic Fragrance Free -- 25 Packs	Dapple	Baby & Kids Products	Sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Laundry Detergent Packs Free & Clear -- 40 Loads	ECOS	Household Essentials	sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Dishwasher Powder Citrus -- 3 lbs	Ecover	Household Essentials	magnesium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, Sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Zero Dishwasher Powder Fragrance Free -- 3 lbs	Ecover	Household Essentials	magnesium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, Sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Gardenia -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Lavender with Vanilla -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen 3-in-1 Laundry Detergent Pods Vetiver -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwasher Powder Detergent Pods Tangerine with Lemongrass -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Fragrance Free -- 132 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Fragrance Free -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Fragrance Free -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium citrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Red Pear with Magnolia -- 60 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods Tangerine with Lemongrass -- 24 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Powder Grapefruit plus Cranberry -- 80 Loads	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Garbage Disposal Freshener & Cleaner Pods Thyme with Fig Leaf -- 12 Pods	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium citrate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Garbage Disposal Freshener & Cleaner Red Pear with Magnolia -- 12 Pods	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	sodium citrate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Glowing Apricot -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Invigorating Rosewater -- 16 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, cinnamyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Invigorating Rosewater -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, cinnamyl alcohol, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Moisturizing Herbs & Shea Butter -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, golden seal, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Purifying Tea Tree -- 16 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Purifying Tea Tree -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Revitalizing Citrus -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, allantoin, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Soothing Aloe Vera -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Kids Only! Toothpaste Strawberry -- 4.2 oz	Jason	Baby & Kids Products	panthenol, calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium sulfate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Auto Dish Detergent Dual Power Pacs Lemon -- 13 Pacs	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, iminodisuccinate, sodium sesquicarbonate, propylene glycol, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Auto Dish Detergent Dual Power Pacs Lemon -- 26 Pacs	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, iminodisuccinate, sodium sesquicarbonate, propylene glycol, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Planet Automatic Dishwasher Pacs Free & Clear -- 20 Pacs	Planet	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Dishwasher Detergent Packs Fragrance Free -- 20 Packs	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Dishwasher Detergent Packs Fragrance Free -- 45 Packs	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Dishwasher Detergent Powder Fragrance Free -- 45 oz	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Power+ Dishwasher Detergent Packs -- 40 Packs	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	orange, citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, sodium silicate, sodium percarbonate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Unscented Company Floor Cleaner Tabs Unscented -- 22 Tabs	The Unscented Company	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Class	Description
inorganic sodium salt
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
glycolysis IV (plant cytosol)	13	47
superpathway of cytosolic glycolysis (plants), pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA cycle	28	56
superpathay of heme b biosynthesis from glutamate	11	28
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I (from glutamate)	5	19
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation	33	60
superpathway of cytosolic glycolysis (plants), pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA cycle	24	59
superpathay of heme b biosynthesis from glutamate	20	47
glycogen degradation I	8	50
glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate)	37	51
glycolysis IV (plant cytosol)	7	47
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation	26	61
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I (from glutamate)	12	37

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.0736	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID743222
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase	Astrosclera willeyana	Ki	76,300.0000	0.0320	1.5172	9.6000	AID647373
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	63,000.0000	0.0000	1.3726	10.0000	AID1161930; AID552171; AID587130; AID598726; AID714401; AID724722; AID730754; AID763569
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	200,000.0000	0.0000	0.7236	9.9200	AID1058395; AID1070020; AID1161931; AID1161950; AID1235241; AID1237475; AID1336557; AID1430526; AID1461934; AID552172; AID587131; AID598728; AID714400; AID724721; AID730373; AID730753; AID758952; AID763568
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	9,000.0000	0.0002	1.9720	9.9200	AID552173
Mu-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	200,000.0000	0.0000	0.3845	8.6000	AID1161931
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	680,000.0000	0.0000	1.2725	9.9000	AID552169
Carbonic anhydrase	Methanosarcina thermophila	Ki	200,000.0000	0.0600	0.9714	8.5000	AID1235242; AID1336558; AID758950
Carbonic anhydrase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	Ki	100,000.0000	0.0759	6.2690	9.0000	AID1237477
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transport	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulum	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1235242	Inhibition of archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila gamma-CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID763568	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-2 at 20 degC preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID598728	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID730751	Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae alpha carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID1070022	Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Anion inhibition studies of two new β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID724722	Inhibition of human recombinant wild type CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID1312218	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum full length recombinant His-fused Eta-carbonic anhydrase domain preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition profiles of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID730372	Inhibition of Flaveria bidentis beta-carbonic anhydrase-1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase (FbiCA 1) from the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis.
AID724718	Inhibition of human recombinant CA11 mutant after 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID1461938	Inhibition of recombinant His6-tagged Francisella tularensis beta-CA (227 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID724720	Inhibition of human recombinant CA8 mutant after 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID552171	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 by Lineweaver-Burk curves	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Characterization and anions inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
AID552169	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5 by Lineweaver-Burk curves	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Characterization and anions inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
AID552173	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 4 by Lineweaver-Burk curves	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Characterization and anions inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
AID730368	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori beta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase (FbiCA 1) from the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis.
AID1237475	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-2 by CO2 hydration reaction based colorimetric stopped-flow method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Structure and inhibition studies of a type II beta-carbonic anhydrase psCA3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID714400	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Anion inhibition studies of the fastest carbonic anhydrase (CA) known, the extremo-CA from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.
AID696068	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as TRAP-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 106 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID730753	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID1161932	Inhibition of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum eta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Discovery of a new family of carbonic anhydrases in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum--the η-carbonic anhydrases.
AID1430527	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method
AID1461934	Inhibition of human CA2 incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID696071	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ADP/prostaglandin E1-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 46 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID763565	Inhibition of recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener alpha carbonic anhydrase expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells at 20 degC preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID552172	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by Lineweaver-Burk curves	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Characterization and anions inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
AID696069	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as collagen-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 60 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID696081	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ASPI-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 72 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID724719	Inhibition of human recombinant CA10 mutant after 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID1237477	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 type-2 beta-carbonic anhydrase psCA3 expressed in Escherichia coli Tuner BL21 (DE3) cells pre-incubated for 15 mins at pH 8.3 and 293K by CO2 hydration reaction based colorimetric stopped-flow method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Structure and inhibition studies of a type II beta-carbonic anhydrase psCA3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID552170	Inhibition of Dicentrarchus labrax alpha-carbonic anhydrase by Lineweaver-Burk curves	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Characterization and anions inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
AID714401	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Anion inhibition studies of the fastest carbonic anhydrase (CA) known, the extremo-CA from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.
AID1269931	Inhibition of Colwellia psychrerythraea gamma carbonic anhydrase expressed in Escherichia coli incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID1161950	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (PgiCAb) from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID1430528	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei recombinant His-tagged carbonic anhydrase beta (256 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method
AID1336557	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID587131	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by CO2 hydrase assay at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Purification and inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii.
AID677270	Inhibition of Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 alpha-carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed CO2 hydration reaction preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Anion inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1.
AID598726	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID295048	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 9 catalytic domain by CO2 hydrase method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors.
AID758950	Inhibition of Methanosarcina thermophila recombinant gamma-CA by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules.
AID763567	Inhibition of Brucella suis beta carbonic anhydrase-1 at 20 degC by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1235241	Inhibition of human CA2 after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID1336558	Inhibition of Methanosarcina thermophila recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID758948	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant CA by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules.
AID1161931	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Discovery of a new family of carbonic anhydrases in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum--the η-carbonic anhydrases.
AID696070	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ADP-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 72 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1336561	Inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID1070021	Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Anion inhibition studies of two new β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID1430526	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 2 assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration method
AID647373	Inhibition of Astrosclera willeyana recombinant GST-tagged astrosclerin 3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-DE3-RIPL cells preincubated for 15 mins measured for 10 to 100 secs by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Anion inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the living fossil Astrosclera willeyana.
AID1235244	Inhibition of Nostoc commune CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID696067	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as collagen/epinephrine-induced closure time at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by PFA-100 platelet function method (Rvb = 168 sec)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID730373	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase-2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase (FbiCA 1) from the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis.
AID598732	Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID1070020	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Anion inhibition studies of two new β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID1336559	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID552785	Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Streptococcus pneumoniae by inorganic anions and small molecules: Toward innovative drug design of antiinfectives?
AID763566	Inhibition of Brucella suis beta carbonic anhydrase-2 at 20 degC by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1336562	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei recombinant His-tagged carbonic anhydrase gamma expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID587132	Inhibition of Leptonychotes weddellii alpha-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by CO2 hydrase assay at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Purification and inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii.
AID677271	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori alpha-carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed CO2 hydration reaction preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Anion inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1.
AID1161930	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Discovery of a new family of carbonic anhydrases in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum--the η-carbonic anhydrases.
AID1235245	Inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis gamma-CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID758952	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules.
AID1161952	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis beta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (PgiCAb) from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID730752	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori alpha carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID714403	Inhibition of Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense alpha-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23	Anion inhibition studies of the fastest carbonic anhydrase (CA) known, the extremo-CA from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.
AID598731	Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID587130	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by CO2 hydrase assay at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Purification and inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii.
AID295047	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors.
AID730754	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID295046	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors.
AID1235243	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis CA after 15 mins by stopped-flow/Co2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID1161951	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis gamma-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	Anion inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (PgiCAb) from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID724721	Inhibition of human recombinant wild type CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.
AID763569	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-1 at 20 degC preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID1336560	Inhibition of Nostoc commune recombinant carbonic anhydrase gamma assessed as inhibition of CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by Lineweaver-burk plot method
AID1058389	Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Clostridium perfringens.
AID1461935	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei beta-CA incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID1058395	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Anion inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Clostridium perfringens.
AID696066	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ollagen/ADP-induced closure time at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by PFA-100 platelet function method (Rvb = 119 sec)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID295049	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 12 catalytic domain by CO2 hydrase method	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	282 (26.04)	18.7374
1990's	137 (12.65)	18.2507
2000's	230 (21.24)	29.6817
2010's	307 (28.35)	24.3611
2020's	127 (11.73)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	37 (3.22%)	5.53%
Reviews	19 (1.65%)	6.00%
Case Studies	17 (1.48%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	1,077 (93.65%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Assessor-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CitraFleet (Sodium Picosulphate) as an Evacuating Treatment Prior to Colonoscopy. [NCT01065857]	Phase 3	547 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate on Nephrotoxicity of Cisplatin Intraperitoneal Heat-perfusion Chemotherapy: a Multi-center Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT05877911]	Phase 2	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Sodium Sulfate/Potassium Sulfate/Magnesium Sulfate Bowel Preparation With and Without Simethicone for Routine Colonoscopy: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02523911]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to investigator graduated and is not longer at this institution)
A Prospective, Randomized, Evaluator Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Quiklean® and Klean-Prep With Dulcolax® for the Bowel Preparation Prior to Colonoscopy [NCT03992365]	Phase 3	472 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-10	Completed
Evaluation of PICOLIGHT Plus COOLPREP, PICOLIGHT Plus CLICOLON for Bowel Preparation (The Phase II Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial) [NCT01919255]	Phase 2	236 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
The Effect of Melatonin on Postoperative Pain Reduction After Orthognathic Surgery [NCT03995004]	Phase 1	87 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-31	Suspended(stopped due to Unable to secure study medication supply)
Evaluation of an Oral Sodium Sulfate Solution for Patients With Prior Difficult or Incomplete Cleansing, a Progressive Case Series. [NCT06051955]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-01	Not yet recruiting
A Dose Escalation Study to Assess the Safety and Ability of SG1002 to Overcome Circulating Deficits in Hydrogen Sulfide Found in Heart Failure Patients [NCT01989208]		16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
The Effects of Corticosteroids, Glucose Control, and Depth-of-Anesthesia on Perioperative Inflammation and Morbidity From Major Non-cardiac Surgery (Dexamethasone, Light Anesthesia and Tight Glucose Control (DeLiT Trial)) [NCT00995501]		381 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Per interim analysis, for futility.)
Evaluation of Two Different Regimens of Colon Preparations for Advanced Cleaning Using a 2lt PEG-CS With Simethicone: a Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT05570669]	Phase 4	321 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-25	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT00995501 (2) [back to overview]	1 Year Mortality
NCT00995501 (2) [back to overview]	Major Perioperative Morbidity
NCT01989208 (3) [back to overview]	Assessing Changes in Peak Hydrogen Sulfide Levels in Heart Failure Subjects Following SG1002 Administration.
NCT01989208 (3) [back to overview]	Assessing Potential Clinical Benefits of SG1002 Administration by Analyzing BNP Levels.
NCT01989208 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With Adverse Events

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intensive Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Light Anesthesia	1
Intensive Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Deep Anesthesia	7
Intensive Glucose Control, Placebo, Light Anesthesia	9
Conventional Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Light Anesthesia	7
Intensive Glucose Control, Placebo, Deep Anesthesia	7
Conventional Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Deep Anesthesia	7
Conventional Glucose Control, Placebo, Light Anesthesia	5
Conventional Glucose Control, Placebo, Deep Anesthesia	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intensive Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Light Anesthesia	10
Intensive Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Deep Anesthesia	10
Intensive Glucose Control, Placebo, Light Anesthesia	8
Conventional Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Light Anesthesia	9
Intensive Glucose Control, Placebo, Deep Anesthesia	10
Conventional Glucose Control, Dexamethasone, Deep Anesthesia	8
Conventional Glucose Control, Placebo, Light Anesthesia	11
Conventional Glucose Control, Placebo, Deep Anesthesia	9

Intervention	uM (Mean)
Baseline	0.37
200 mg SG1002	0.44
400 mg SG002	0.50
800 mg SG1002	0.51

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Sugar Capsule: Day 0	85.0
Sugar Capsules: Day 7	123.0
Sugar Capsules: Day 14	156.5
Sugar Capsules: Day 21	149.5
SG1002: Day 0	77.5
SG1002: Day 7	69.8
SG1002: Day 14	79.0
SG1002: Day 21	72.0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Subjects with Treatment Adverse Events	Subjects with no Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
SG1002	3	9
Sugar Capsule	2	2

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	4.9	1	1	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.	1.97	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.06	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	1.97	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.12	5	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.03	1	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.47	2	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	7.13	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	3.46	1	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	7.1	15	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	1.99	1	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
beta-alanine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	1.99	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	8.22	6	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	2.13	1	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.11	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.66	3	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	2.1	1	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	5.2	2	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	5.52	4	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	3.07	5	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	9.24	19	5	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	4.94	37	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	3.27	6	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.34	1	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.41	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.4	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	8.69	9	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	1.96	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.07	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.08	1	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
cytosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.76	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.75	3	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.72	3	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.05	1	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	5.52	22	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
thiocyanic acid thiocyanic acid : A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom.	2.31	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	3.51	8	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.01	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	3.07	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2.07	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.01	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methylmercaptan methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	alkanethiol	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	8.24	6	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.41	2	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	3.11	3	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	3.52	8	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	6.99	23	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.06	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.11	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.03	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.48	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	1.93	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.04	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	7.95	4	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	4.36	6	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	1.96	1	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	2.07	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.09	5	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.11	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	3.06	5	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	1.96	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.6	1	0	selenium oxoacid
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	2.37	2	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.79	11	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	1.96	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	8.66	9	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	3.54	8	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.41	1	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.4	2	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.11	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylsulfonium [no description available]	1.99	1	0	sulfonium compound	animal metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.13	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	8.6	9	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	1.96	1	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.72	3	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.17	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.04	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	1.96	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.05	1	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	6.88	8	3	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	4.48	22	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	3.53	1	1	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.67	3	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	7.02	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	4.27	4	1	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	1.97	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	2.03	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	6.69	4	3	diarylmethane
bumetanide [no description available]	3.38	1	1	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
caffeine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	4.92	2	1	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	7.47	2	0	pyridinium ion
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.37	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	1.96	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.36	2	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.11	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	1.99	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cystamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dapsone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.11	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.02	1	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	6.95	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.	1.96	1	0	oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	4.9	1	1	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	1.98	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.02	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol 1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol: a sphingolipid analog; inhibits the enzyme activity in infected erythrocytes. N-[1-hydroxy-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexadecanamide : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol.	2.03	1	0	benzyl alcohols; fatty amide; morpholines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	3.87	3	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	1.98	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.. ethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; quinolines	antifungal agrochemical; food antioxidant; genotoxin; geroprotector; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	1.96	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	1.97	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	9.68	9	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.45	2	0
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.91	4	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.03	1	0
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	3.72	10	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.67	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.06	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.06	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.08	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	2.08	1	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	3.51	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.4	2	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	1.96	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
deoxyepinephrine Deoxyepinephrine: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.	3.35	1	1	catecholamine
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.25	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.08	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.13	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	3.23	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.06	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.4	2	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.96	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.06	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	3.37	1	1	phenols
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	6.74	22	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2.43	2	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.17	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.41	2	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	1.97	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sennoside a&b [no description available]	3.38	1	1
sodium fluoride [no description available]	4.46	21	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
fluoroacetic acid fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine.	1.98	1	0	haloacetic acid; organofluorine compound	EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	4.55	23	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tegafur [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	1.96	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.41	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	1.96	1	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
tyramine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	1.97	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
corticosterone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.43	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	4.31	4	1	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	7.37	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	1.96	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.37	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	4.68	9	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	1.95	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.63	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	3.76	2	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	1.97	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.39	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.37	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.39	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.96	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	1.96	1	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	1.95	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	4.28	17	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.35	7	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	1.99	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	1.97	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.37	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	1.96	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.47	2	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	1.92	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.93	13	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.82	2	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.4	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.37	2	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.03	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.69	3	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	3.1	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline [no description available]	1.97	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	6.94	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	4.4	22	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	8.06	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	3.75	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	1.99	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.74	3	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
mannitol [no description available]	3.1	5	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	1.98	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
4-toluenesulfonamide 4-toluenesulfonamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene-4-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.	1.98	1	0	sulfonamide
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.91	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.41	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.29	6	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	2	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	4.14	4	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	2.08	1	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.45	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.39	2	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
fluoroform fluoroform: structure	2.11	1	0	fluoromethanes	refrigerant
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	2	1	0	fluoroalcohol
methyl sulfate methyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl sulfate : An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	1.96	1	0	alkyl sulfate; one-carbon compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	1.96	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.05	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
bromthymol blue Bromthymol Blue: A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions.. bromothymol blue : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups.	2.03	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.15	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
divinyl sulfone divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.	2.11	1	0	sulfone	cross-linking reagent
tetraethyl lead Tetraethyl Lead: A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.. tetraethyllead : An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.	1.98	1	0	organolead compound
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	7.54	2	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.53	2	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.04	1	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
skatole [no description available]	1.96	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.05	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	2.41	1	0	anthraquinone
2,6-dichlorophenol 2,6-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,6-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.05	1	0	dichlorophenol
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	2.03	1	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	1.98	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	2.02	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	1.95	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.06	1	0	xanthene
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	2.47	2	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
2,4-xylidine 2,4-xylidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4-dimethylaniline : A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A clear to yellow liquid, it is used in production of certain dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.	2.05	1	0	dimethylaniline; primary arylamine
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants. 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is isopropanol in which one hydrogen of each methyl group is substituted by a chlorine. A liquid at room temperature (melting point -4degreeC, boiling point 174degreeC at 760 mm Hg), it is used as a solvent for hard resins and nitrocellulose.	2.06	1	0	organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol	cross-linking reagent; protic solvent
alpha-chlorohydrin alpha-Chlorohydrin: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.. 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol : A chloropropane-1,2-diol that is propane-1,2-diol substituted by a chloro group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	chloropropane-1,2-diol
2,4-dinitroaniline 2,4-dinitroaniline : A nitroaniline consisting of an aniline core having two nitro substituents located at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.05	1	0	nitroaniline
sulfosalicylic acid 5-sulfosalicylic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy at position C-2 and a sulfo group at C-5.	6.96	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; benzoic acids; phenols	metabolite
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.11	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
benzenearsonic acid benzenearsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.29	17	0	arsonic acids; organoarsonic acid
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.17	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
4-nitroaniline [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitroaniline	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
tripropylamine tripropylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tripropylamine : A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by a propyl group.	2.02	1	0	tertiary amine
boric acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0	boric acids	astringent
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	2.48	2	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
glyoxal [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
hexylene glycol hexylene glycol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol : A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).	2.37	2	0	glycol
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.5	2	0	alkane
3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.	2.05	1	0	monochlorophenol
3-phenylenediamine 1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.	2.07	1	0	phenylenediamine
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	2.05	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.13	1	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
diethylamine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	secondary aliphatic amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.02	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoamyl nitrite isoamyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having isopentyl as the alkyl group.	2.04	1	0	nitrite esters	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
propyl ether [no description available]	2.6	1	0
n-octanethiol octane-1-thiol : An alkanethiol that is octane substituted by a thiol group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	alkanethiol
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
dodecylmercaptan dodecylmercaptan: used in polymerization of neoprenes; structure	2.01	1	0
pentaerythritol pentaerythritol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6904. pentaerythritol : A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics.	1.99	1	0	primary alcohol; tetrol	flame retardant; laxative
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked to position 2 of the naphthalene ring.	2.04	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
dimethyl phthalate dimethyl phthalate: used as plasticizer in computer mouse; structure	2.1	1	0	diester; methyl ester; phthalate ester
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	1.96	1	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.41	2	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.01	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
zephiramine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.13	1	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	1.96	1	0	alkyl sulfate
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.99	4	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.11	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	4.47	21	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
formaldehydesulfoxylate formaldehydesulfoxylate: antidote for mercury poisoning; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.	2.03	1	0	organosulfur compound; sulfonic acid derivative
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	1.96	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	3.49	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.25	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	1.96	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.11	1	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.43	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.02	1	0	organosilicon compound
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.17	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	2.04	1	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.4	2	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
rhein [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
nitramine nitramine : Amines substituted at N with a nitro group (a contracted form of N-nitroamines); they are thus amides of nitric acid, and the class is composed of nitramide, O2NNH2, and its derivatives formed by substitution.. N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine : A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being detonated by friction, shock, or a spark.	2.05	1	0	nitramine	explosive
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.17	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.01	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	2.68	3	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	6.27	33	1	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.11	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.08	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
azomethane azomethane: structure	7.6	1	0
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	1.96	1	0
barium carbonate barium carbonate : An inorganic carbonate salt of barium.	2.08	1	0	carbonate salt; inorganic barium salt
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.41	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.17	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	2.01	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.39	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.39	2	0	organic molecular entity
magadi soda Magadi soda: abundant salt in East African countries used in treatment of high- & low-tannin grain sorghums to reduce assayable tannins & improve nutritive value of grains; sodium sesquicarbonate salt (MF= Na2CO3NaHCO3.H2O); RN given refers to Na salt[2:3]	2.03	1	0
ethyl chloroformate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
maleimide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.93	3	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	1.93	1	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.41	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
paeonol paeonol: structure	7.31	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
monoacetyldapsone monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.	1.99	1	0	acetamides; anilide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	7.03	1	0	bis(azo) compound
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.07	1	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.88	4	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
dimethyl disulfide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic disulfide	xenobiotic metabolite
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.05	1	0
naphthyl acetate naphthyl acetate: do not confuse with naphthaleneacetic acid; acetic acid ester of naphthol	2.03	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	3.25	1	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.41	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.32	6	0	alkali metal hydroxide
manganese dioxide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	manganese molecular entity; metal oxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.05	1	0	zinc molecular entity
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.1	1	0
monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol	2.02	1	0	1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
calcium silicate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	inorganic calcium salt	antacid; flame retardant; food anticaking agent
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.39	2	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
bromoxynil bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.	2.01	1	0	dibromobenzene; hydroxynitrile; phenols	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.89	4	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
orange g orange G : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. It is often combined with other yellow dyes in alcoholic solution to stain erythrocytes in trichrome methods, and is used for demonstrating cells in the pancreas and pituitary.	2.05	1	0
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.36	7	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
alpha-methyldopamine [no description available]	3.35	1	1	amphetamines
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	1.99	1	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.1	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
benzolamide Benzolamide: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.	2.06	1	0
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.69	3	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
furaneol furaneol: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one : A member of the class of furans that is 2,5-dimethylfuran carrying additional oxo and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been found particularly in strawberries and other such fruits.	7	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; furans	flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	9.04	3	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloric acid [no description available]	2	1	0	chlorine oxoacid
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	6.87	20	1	carbon oxoanion
Brilliant Blue brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
direct blue 71 Direct Blue 71: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	1.93	1	0
4-dimethylaminophenol 4-dimethylaminophenol: in combination with SODIUM NITRITE antagonizes experimental cyanide poisoning; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.06	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
sodium metasilicate sodium metasilicate: RN given refers to silicic acid, di-Na salt. sodium silicate : An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
hepes [no description available]	1.96	1	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid: a free radical scavenger; structure in first source	7.6	1	0
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.01	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.5	2	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	2.36	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	1.93	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	3.37	7	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	3.24	6	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	2.04	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.75	3	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.03	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.04	1	0	manganese group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	9.02	13	0	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	2.81	3	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	8.31	6	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.49	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	3.29	6	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	2.07	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	2.01	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.97	4	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	2.07	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	2.02	1	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.48	2	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	1.97	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.37	2	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	12.34	39	10	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.39	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	4.22	17	0	sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	9.91	34	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2.38	2	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	1.97	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.41	2	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	4.34	18	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.05	1	0	diatomic bromine
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	5.38	4	1	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	4.2	5	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	2.71	3	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfite [no description available]	3.61	9	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.02	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	2.02	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.02	1	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.04	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.4	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.45	2	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.66	3	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	3.24	6	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	9.31	21	6	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.41	2	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	3.53	8	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
potassium chromate(vi) potassium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-CrH2O4. potassium chromate : A potassium salt consisting of potassium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.04	1	0	potassium salt	carcinogenic agent; oxidising agent
ammonium sulfate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1	0	sulfur oxide
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.73	3	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.73	3	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
magnesium perchlorate magnesium perchlorate: structure	2.31	1	0	alkaline earth salt
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	4.09	3	1	aluminium sulfate
tellurous acid tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	tellurium oxoacid
cesium sulfate cesium sulfate: used in forming density gradients	1.94	1	0
ammonium fluoride ammonium fluoride : A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.	2.1	1	0	ammonium salt; fluoride salt
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	3.6	9	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
procion blue mx-r procion blue MX-R: used in affinity labeling of enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
sodium selenate sodium selenate : An inorganic sodium salt having selenate as the counterion.	4.28	17	0	inorganic sodium salt	anticonvulsant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; fertilizer
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	5.96	7	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;	2.41	1	0	anthraquinone
sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)	4.39	19	0
fluoroboric acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	boron fluoride
gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)	2.11	1	0
fluorides [no description available]	3.14	5	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.02	1	0	tin oxide
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	2.79	3	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
reactive orange [no description available]	2.05	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.72	10	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.03	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.43	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2.05	1	0
alkenes [no description available]	2.08	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.7	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	3.77	9	0
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloromethylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).	3.1	1	0	1,2-thiazoles; organochlorine compound	antimicrobial agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	4.48	21	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.01	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
2-bromoethanesulfonic acid 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a methanogenic inhibitor	1.98	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.25	1	0	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.	2.05	1	0	formamidines; tertiary amino compound	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
substance p [no description available]	1.96	1	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	4.9	1	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	3.35	1	1	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	1.96	1	0	penicillin
oxyfluorofen oxyfluorofen: structure	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).	3.1	1	0	1,2-thiazoles	antifouling biocide; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	1.96	1	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
hymenovin hymenovin: major toxic constituent of poisonous range plant Hymenoxys odorate; shown to be mutagenic; structure	1.98	1	0	oxanes
irinotecan [no description available]	2.11	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.	2.38	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	poison
monoammonium molybdate ammonium molybdate: RN given refers to unspecified ammonium molybdate salt. ammonium molybdate : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.39	2	0	ammonium salt	poison
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	1.96	1	0
cuprous chloride cuprous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. copper(I) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.	1.97	1	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	agrochemical; molluscicide
sodium persulfate sodium persulfate: RN given refers to peroxydisulfuric acid, di-Na salt	4.28	17	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	3.52	8	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
tetramethylenedisulfotetramine tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: induces convulsions; inhibitor of GABA; structure	2.13	1	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.17	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0
cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.	2.66	3	0	steroid sulfate	human metabolite
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	ruthenium coordination entity	fluorochrome
n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	2.21	1	0
inositol hexasulfate inositol hexasulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
trioctyl phosphine oxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ebrotidine ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector	1.98	1	0	sulfonamide
lithium sulfate lithium sulfate : A metal sulfate in which the counterion is lithium and the ratio of lithium to sulfate is 2:1.	2.41	2	0	metal sulfate	antidepressant
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	4.29	17	0	boronic acids
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	8.34	5	3	aryl sulfate; pyridines
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.25	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
phenylpropiolic acid phenylpropiolic acid: structure. phenylpropiolic acid : An acetylenic compound that is propynoic acid in which the acetylenic hydrogen is replaced by a phenyl group.	2.11	1	0	acetylenic compound; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzenes
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.	2.02	1	0	MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.	2.07	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative
sulfamide sulfamide : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to two amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	4.38	19	0	sulfamides
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.82	2	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.5	2	0
acetaminophen glucuronide acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).	1.96	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	drug metabolite
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	4.9	1	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym dicobalt edetate refers to di-Na salt	2.39	2	0
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2.01	1	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors	6.99	1	0	pyrrolidines
4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xyloside 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside : A xyloside that is beta-D-xylopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	1.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; xyloside	chromogenic compound
methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-xyloside [no description available]	1.97	1	0
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	1.96	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.74	3	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
cellulose sulfate cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9	2.64	3	0	ether; flavonoids
methyl xylopyranoside methyl xylopyranoside: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	1.96	1	0
n-acetyldopamine N-acetyldopamine : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the amino group of dopamine. A dopamine metabolite.	1.97	1	0	acetamides; catechols; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide	human urinary metabolite; marine metabolite
androstan-3-one [no description available]	2.17	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.01	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.92	4	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
3,3'-diiodothyronine 3,3'-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	3,3'-diiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.31	1	0	proanthocyanidin
naphthyl sulfate naphthyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide [no description available]	7	1	0
fe(ii)-edta Fe(II)-EDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	iron coordination entity
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinamic acid [no description available]	7	1	0
brassinolide brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 23-hydroxy steroid; 2alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; brassinosteroid	plant growth stimulator; plant hormone
taraxasterol taraxasterol: from Cirsium segetum. taraxasterol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	7.41	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	1.97	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.4	2	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
decanoyl acetaldehyde decanoyl acetaldehyde: structure	2.07	1	0	fatty aldehyde
alanylglutamine alanylglutamine: RN refers to (L-Glu)-isomer; dipeptiven is for parenteral use. Ala-Gln : A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues.	7.31	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
o-(glucuronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1--4)-o-(2,5)-anhydromannitol 6-sulfate O-(glucuronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1--4)-O-(2,5)-anhydromannitol 6-sulfate: disaccharide substrate derived from heparin	1.97	1	0
n-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide: accumulated during osmotic stress in Rhizobium meliloti	1.99	1	0	dipeptide
carbapenems [no description available]	4.9	1	1
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	D-xylose
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.36	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naphthyl glucuronide naphthyl glucuronide: RN given refers to D-glucosiduronic acid, 1-naphthyl	1.98	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	4.9	1	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.48	2	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
s 23121 S 23121: structure given in first source. flumipropyn : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-flumipropynflumipropyn. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor introduced by the Sumitomo Chemical Co., it was formerly used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in various crops.. 2-[5-(but-3-yn-2-yloxy)-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a 5-(but-3-yn-2-yloxy)-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl group.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; dicarboximide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroline; terminal acetylenic compound
leonurine leonurine: has neuroprotective activity; isolated from leaves of Leonurus artemisia; has uterotonic effect; structure	7.41	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	2.08	1	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
arginine glutamate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
4-nitrocatechol sulfate 4-nitrocatechol sulfate: RN given refers to 2-sulfate moiety locant. 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.	1.96	1	0	4-nitrophenols; aryl sulfate	chromogenic compound
2-nitrophenyl octyl ether [no description available]	2.08	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	1.96	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	3.48	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	5.76	5	1
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	3.25	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.21	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
ferrocene dicarboxylic acid ferrocene dicarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	1.97	1	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.08	1	0
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.91	4	0	potassium salt
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	9.49	22	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.49	2	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.03	1	0
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.02	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	4.96	15	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	oligopeptide
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	1.97	1	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.37	2	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	1.99	1	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	1.96	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	4.9	1	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	2.05	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
naringin [no description available]	7.17	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	4.9	1	1	penicillanic acid ester
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.01	1	0	cyclodextrin
sucrose octasulfate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	1.96	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	3.06	1	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.6	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	5.83	3	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	1.93	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	3.38	1	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.49	2	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.03	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	1.97	1	0
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.6	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
decitabine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	4.9	1	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sodium thiocyanate sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.	4.59	24	0	organic sodium salt
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.66	3	0	potassium salt
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	8.43	39	3	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.	1.96	1	0	organic salt; potassium salt	antifungal agrochemical; buffer; food acidity regulator; raising agent
potassium perchlorate potassium perchlorate: thyroid antagonist; structure	2.31	1	0
sodium chlorate sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.	2.7	3	0	chlorate salt; inorganic sodium salt	herbicide
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.72	3	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.41	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium cyanate sodium cyanate: used in treatment of sickle cell anemia; RN given refers to cyanic acid, Na salt	3.95	12	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.03	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	9.73	27	0	inorganic sodium salt
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	2.74	3	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	4.28	17	0	organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	1.99	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
glycosides [no description available]	2.4	2	0
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	3.88	3	0	stilbene
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	1.96	1	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.48	2	0	diphosphate ion
dithizone Dithizone: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.	2.08	1	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	1.98	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	7.6	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.01	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.15	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nadp [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.1	1	0
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	1.97	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	2.4	2	0	alkali metal atom
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	2.89	4	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
cystine [no description available]	2.86	4	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.05	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.03	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	3.87	12	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.75	3	0
sodium hexafluorophosphate sodium hexafluorophosphate : An inorganic sodium salt having hexafluorophosphate(1-) as the counterion. It is an electrolyte used in sodium-ion batteries.	3.03	4	0	inorganic sodium salt
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	1.96	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.05	1	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	3.25	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.02	1	0
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	1.97	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	7.13	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	3.25	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2.68	3	0	stilbenoid
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	2.05	1	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	2	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
andrographolide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.96	4	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	2.02	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2.65	3	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	3.54	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	3.39	7	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	6.93	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	4.9	1	1	metal atom; pnictogen
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.21	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	1.96	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	1.96	1	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	4.78	33	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	1.99	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.02	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	1.96	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	5.2	2	1	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	9.28	19	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	4.74	7	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	3.37	6	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.07	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
morphine-3-glucuronide morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	9.49	23	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
magnesium citrate magnesium citrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and dibasic citrate ions in a 1:1 ratio.. trimagnesium dicitrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio.	7.01	4	3	magnesium salt	laxative
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2.39	2	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	5.58	5	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	1.96	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2	1	0
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.42	2	0
4-acetamido-4'-maleimidylstilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-acetamido-4'-maleimidylstilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid: used to label cysteine sulfhydryl groups	2.02	1	0
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2.67	3	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
19-norandrosterone 19-norandrosterone: major metabolite of 19-nortestosterone; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.17	1	0	17-oxo steroid	metabolite
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	2.01	1	0
sodium bisulfate [no description available]	2.99	4	0
lenvatinib lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.	4.9	1	1	aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.32	5	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	fatty acid ester
zeolites [no description available]	2.49	2	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.75	3	0
calcium bicarbonate calcium hydrogen carbonate: disinfectant for influenza A viruses	2.03	1	0
sodium [no description available]	3.48	7	0
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	1.96	1	0
Licoflavone B licoflavone B: Schistosomicide from Glycyrrhiza inflata; structure in first source	7.41	1	0	flavones
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	1.98	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	1.96	1	0	benzoxazole
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.91	4	0
mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	1.97	1	0
ammonium citrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	ammonium salt; citrate salt	buffer; food emulsifier
alisol b monoacetate alisol B 23-acetate: from Alisma orientale rhizome; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	triterpenoid
curcumol [no description available]	4.9	1	1	sesquiterpenoid
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	1.96	1	0
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.	2.41	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	5.24	3	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.74	3	0
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	4.9	1	1	tannin
cobrotoxin Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms.	1.96	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	5.12	2	1
oligonucleotides [no description available]	1.97	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.88	4	0	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	6.93	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.71	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.35	6	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	2.08	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	8.68	9	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.42	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	4.38	19	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
sodium tetradecyl sulfate [no description available]	2.41	1	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	4.44	20	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
sodium bromate sodium bromate : An inorganic sodium salt having bromate as the counterion.	2.01	1	0	bromate salt; inorganic sodium salt	nephrotoxin; oxidising agent
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	2.07	1	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	1.97	1	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	2.04	1	0
mannans [no description available]	2.53	2	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	1.96	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	2.07	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.51	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	4.9	1	1
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.03	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	7.6	1	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.03	1	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.93	1	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	3.68	10	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	5.89	13	2	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.48	2	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	7.37	2	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.06	1	0
isoascorbic acid isoascorbic acid: food antioxidant; (L)-isomer is ascorbic acid; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	ascorbic acid
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	3.75	2	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
s 1 (combination) S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer	3.23	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2.4	2	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	5.64	3	1
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.53	2	0
brass [no description available]	2.08	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.93	1	0
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	2.04	1	0
alpha-cobratoxin alpha-cobratoxin: fron Naja nigricollis	1.96	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	2.15	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.17	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.35	2	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.77	2	1
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	4.9	1	1
belite belite: a fly ash cement	2.05	1	0	inorganic calcium salt	antacid; flame retardant; food anticaking agent
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.13	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.65	9	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.67	10	0
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	2.03	1	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.08	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.94	2	1	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
phenylamil phenylamil: irreversible inhibitor of sodium channels in the toad urinary bladder	2.03	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
amido black Amido Black: A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid form.. Amido Black 10B (acid form) : A bis(azo) compound that is naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3, 4, 5, and 6 are replaced by (p-nitrophenyl)azo, amino, hydroxy, and phenylazo groups, respectively. A biological stain, it can be used interchangeably with its disodium salt, Amido Black 10B.	2.05	1	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.06	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
remazol black b Remazol black B: RN given refers to the tetrasodium salt. remazole black-GR : A bis(azo) compound with two aryldiazenyl moieties placed at positions 2 and 7 of a multi-substituted naphthalene.	2.03	1	0
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG	1.99	1	0	(3'->5')-dinucleotide
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	7.15	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.11	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.93	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.42	2	0

sodium sulfate

Cross-References

Synonyms (116)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (98 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (7)

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (13)

Molecular Functions (6)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (82)

Research

Studies (1,083)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 124.10

Study Types

Clinical Trials (10)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

1 Year Mortality

Major Perioperative Morbidity

Assessing Changes in Peak Hydrogen Sulfide Levels in Heart Failure Subjects Following SG1002 Administration.

Assessing Potential Clinical Benefits of SG1002 Administration by Analyzing BNP Levels.

Number of Subjects With Adverse Events