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photosensitizing agent

A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells.

ChEBI ID: 47868

Members (21)

MemberDefinitionClass
9,10-diphenylanthraceneA member of the class of anthracenes that is anthracene in which both of the hydrogens on the central ring are substituted by phenyl groups.9,10-diphenylanthracene
acetophenoneA methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.acetophenone
aminolevulinic acidThe simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.5-aminolevulinic acid; 5-ammoniolevulinate
aminolevulinic acid hydrochlorideA hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 5-aminolevulinic acid. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride
benzophenoneThe simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.benzophenone
carprofenPropanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.carprofen
cidofovir anhydrousCytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.cidofovir anhydrous
cisplatinA diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a cis planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. Commonly but incorrectly described as an alkylating agent due to its mechanism of action (but it lacks alkyl groups).cisplatin; transplatin
diphenylcyclopropenoneA cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.diphenylcyclopropenone
docetaxel anhydrousA tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.docetaxel anhydrous
gemcitabineA 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.gemcitabine
lomefloxacinA fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lucanthoneA thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.lucanthone
methoxsalenA member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.methoxsalen
methyl 5-aminolevulinateThe methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride
phenosafranineAn organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria red in smears to contrast with the blue Gram positive organisms.phenosafranine
riboflavinD-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.riboflavin
trioxsalen7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.trioxsalen
vinorelbineA vinca alkaloid with a norvinblastine skeleton.vinorelbine

Research

Studies (44,340)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19906,512 (14.69)18.7374
1990's3,961 (8.93)18.2507
2000's11,305 (25.50)29.6817
2010's17,086 (38.53)24.3611
2020's5,476 (12.35)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials8,169 (16.86%)5.53%
Reviews4,494 (9.28%)6.00%
Case Studies3,948 (8.15%)4.05%
Observational234 (0.48%)0.25%
Other31,601 (65.23%)84.16%

Protein Targets (249)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.256714
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.302512
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency8.155526
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.2002211
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency34.577026
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.872516
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.596211
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.55151038
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.100827
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.348911
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.534812
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency3.793311
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.534812
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183822
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.707911
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine proteaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.787812
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency13.333211
caspase-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.787812
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency13.333211
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.1337212
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.747516
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.464812
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency21.118313
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.943311
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency39.810711
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.247224
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.732824
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.996012
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.247224
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency77.432525
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.800612
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.162311
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.883212
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.156313
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.411312
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.0222215
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.107126
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency46.575714
DNA polymerase III, partialBacillus subtilisPotency18.887611
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency57.122012
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.405412
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency3.518012
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.85931040
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency48.707125
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.9822619
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.995013
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.910547
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.110547
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.736324
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency12.883212
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.394618
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.102426
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.019929
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.629412
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.730329
glucokinase regulatory proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency22.041212
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chainHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.851812
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.175512
hexokinase-4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency3.162313
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.787712
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.047422
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency51.194823
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.118711
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.883212
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.125411
hypothetical protein, conservedTrypanosoma bruceiPotency1.901211
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.127124
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.883214
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency10.000011
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.604439
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.837913
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency31.622812
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency36.696837
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.615712
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.332025
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.098214
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.141311
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency11.220211
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.745347
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency46.976212
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.155612
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency19.554323
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency10.000012
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.9556319
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.772812
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.908923
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency80.303912
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.0275413
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.6371513
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency26.854511
polyproteinZika virusPotency15.848911
PPM1D proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.108814
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.0462312
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency38.682026
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency20.6585212
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.500311
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.5580316
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.0420412
RGS12Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency38.602636
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency38.602636
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.707911
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency4.386613
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.866012
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.5244218
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency3.548111
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.0572410
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589322
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.396837
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.905722
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency38.3212610
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.433125
tumor necrosis factorHomo sapiens (human)Potency53.080411
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.206623
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.7328517
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency49.880813
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency22.041212

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
10 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC5059.000022
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC502.356011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.234011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC502.356011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki1.234011
60 kDa chaperoninEscherichia coli K-12IC50250.000011
60 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC5059.000022
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5027.380022
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.000026
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)IC501.312011
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.737011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.700011
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.700011
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.700011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC5042.970522
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50128.825011
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000013
Beta-secretase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50208.025024
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000013
Cathepsin BHomo sapiens (human)IC50288.800011
Chain A, DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE KINASEDrosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)IC500.760011
Chain A, ODORANT-BINDING PROTEINSus scrofa (pig)IC503.600015
Chain B, Odorant-binding ProteinSus scrofa (pig)IC503.600011
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.700011
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.000026
Coagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.000015
Cocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.000011
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.040011
Cytochrome P450 2A13Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.040011
Cytochrome P450 2A6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.983333
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonucleaseHomo sapiens (human)IC505.000022
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.190011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5027.150022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1Homo sapiens (human)IC5012.900011
Glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki790.000011
Glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki790.000011
Glutamate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki790.000011
Glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki790.000011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki790.000011
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC501,000.000011
Kinesin-like protein KIF11Homo sapiens (human)IC500.001488
Liver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki100.000026
Liver carboxylesterase 1Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Ki100.000026
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC5089.666713
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2Homo sapiens (human)IC505.011911
PapainCarica papaya (papaya)IC503,465.000011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusIC50850.000011
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC502,398.830011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5013.200011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1Ovis aries (sheep)IC5016.166733
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.051044
Riboflavin-binding proteinGallus gallus (chicken)Ki0.350011
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki291.000011
Solute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki790.000011
Solute carrier family 15 member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2,200.000011
Solute carrier family 15 member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki230.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)IC5060.000011
Substance-K receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.606211
Substance-K receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.535611
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferaseHomo sapiens (human)IC508.800011
Thymidine kinase Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1IC50900.000011
Tubulin alpha-1A chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin alpha-1B chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin alpha-1C chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin alpha-3C chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin alpha-3E chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin alpha-4A chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-1 chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-2A chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-2B chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-3 chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-4A chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-4B chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-6 chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022
Tubulin beta-8 chainHomo sapiens (human)IC501.350022

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthaseEscherichia coli K-12Kd40,000.000011
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens (human)EC503.080012
Chain A, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine SynthaseSchizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)Kd1.200011
Chain A, DODECINHalobacterium salinarum R1Kd1.268012
Chain A, DODECINHalorhodospira halophilaKd1.268012
Chain B, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine SynthaseSchizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)Kd1.200011
Chain C, DODECINHalorhodospira halophilaKd1.268012
Chain E, DODECINHalorhodospira halophilaKd1.268012
Chain H, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Heavy chainHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.001811
Chain L, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Lambda Light ChainHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.001811
Complement C5Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.580011
Cytochrome P450 2A13Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.600011
Cytochrome P450 2A6Homo sapiens (human)Kd11.000011
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonucleaseHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.089011
NPYLR7BAedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito)EC500.508011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusEC5014.800011
Procathepsin LHomo sapiens (human)EC503.080012
Replicase polyprotein 1aSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusEC503.080012
Replicase polyprotein 1abBetacoronavirus England 1EC503.080012
Replicase polyprotein 1abHuman coronavirus 229EEC503.080012
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2EC503.080012
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusEC503.080012
Riboflavin-binding proteinGallus gallus (chicken)Kd0.022944
Spike glycoproteinBetacoronavirus England 1EC503.080012
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusEC503.080012
Transmembrane protease serine 2Homo sapiens (human)EC503.080012

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km10,400.000011
AAA family ATPase Staphylococcus aureusKm192.000011
Cytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)Km600.666733
Deoxycytidine kinaseHomo sapiens (human)Km1.775022
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)Km54.000033
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km238.000011
Thymidine kinaseVaccinia virus WRKm158.000011