| Compound | Description |
|---|
| pyruvic acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| succinic acid | A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) |
| urea | A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. |
| ammonium hydroxide | The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution. |
| citric acid, anhydrous | |
| glutamic acid | A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| alpha-glycerophosphoric acid | |
| fumaric acid | see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters |
| Glucose | A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. |
| aspartic acid | One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. |
| glutamine | A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. |
| ornithine | An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. |
| arginine | An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. |
| glycerol | A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent. |
| glycogen | |
| phosphoenolpyruvate | A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways. |
| palmitoylcarnitine | A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. |
| s-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a | |
| isocitric acid | RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd |
| butyryl-coenzyme a | |
| decanoyl-coenzyme A | |
| lauroyl-coenzyme a | |
| acetone | A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis. |
| carbamyl phosphate | The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING). |
| 3-ketohexanoyl-coenzyme A | |
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis. |
| 3-phosphoglycerate | |
| xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer | |
| glycerate 1,3-biphosphate | |
| n-acetyllactosamine | RN given refers to D-isomer |
| 2-phosphoglycerate, (R)-isomer | |
| 6-phosphonoglucono-delta-lactone | |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a | RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation |
| octanoyl-coenzyme A | |
| hexanoyl-coenzyme a | |
| alpha-ketoglutaric acid | |
| crotonyl-coenzyme a | |
| malonyl coenzyme a | A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. |
| dihydroxyacetone phosphate | An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis. |
| glyoxylic acid | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| succinyl-coenzyme a | |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid | BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver. |
| 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A, (S)-isomer | |
| acetoacetic acid | |
| oxaloacetic acid | A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE. |
| fructose 2,6-diphosphate | phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P |
| sedoheptulose 7-phosphate | |
| beta-ketohexadecanoyl-coenzyme A | |
| malic acid | |
| 2-hexadecenoyl-coenzyme A | |
| ribulose 5-phosphate | RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation |
| acetyl coenzyme a | Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. |
| palmitoyl coenzyme a | A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. |
| glucose-1-phosphate | RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer |
| uridine diphosphate glucose | A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids. |
| 6-phosphogluconic acid | |
| acetoacetyl coa | |
| citrulline | |