esketamine profile

esketamine : The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	182137
CHEMBL ID	395091
CHEBI ID	60799
SCHEMBL ID	5512024

Synonym
(s)-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
(2s)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
D07283
esketamine (usan/inn)
(s)-(-)-ketamine
cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, (s)-
l-ketamine
(s)-ketamine
esketamine
cyclohexanone, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, (-)- (8ci)
33643-46-8
cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, (2s)-
(-)-ketamine
cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, (2s)- (9ci)
s-ketamine
ketaved
CHEMBL395091
ketamine, (s)-
keta-s
chebi:60799 ,
jnj-54135419
ketamine, s-
s-(-)-ketamine
(2s)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
unii-50lfg02txd
spravato
kataved
esketamine [usan:inn:ban]
50lfg02txd ,
cas-33643-46-8
dtxcid4027787
tox21_113206
NCGC00185910-01
dtxsid6047810 ,
esketamine [usan]
cyclohexanone, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, (-)-
esketamine [who-dd]
esketamine [inn]
SCHEMBL5512024
gtpl9152
(2s)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methylaminocyclohexan-1-one
AKOS027321219
YQEZLKZALYSWHR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N
s-ketamin
DB11823
Q2365493
33643-46-8 (free base)
esketamine free base
(s)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
JC9 ,
(2~{s})-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
esketaminum
n06ax27
n01ax14
esketamina

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Esketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which has stronger sedative and analgesic effects and fewer adverse events than ketamine. "	( Clinical effects of low-dose esketamine for anaesthesia induction in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Li, J; Wang, A; Wang, Z, 2022)	2.46
"Esketamine is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) that is widely used for multimodal analgesia. "	( Subanaesthetic dose of esketamine during induction delays anaesthesia recovery a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Bao, F; He, J; Shi, Q; Xu, J; Zhang, C, 2022)	2.47
"Esketamine is a new anesthetic, sedative, and analgesic drug."	( Efficacy of Analgesic Propofol/Esketamine and Propofol/Fentanyl for Painless Induced Abortion: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jin, S; Xin, N; Yan, W, 2022)	1.73
"Esketamine is a novel treatment for treatment resistant depression (TRD) and was approved by the FDA in early 2019. "	( Adjunctive dopaminergic enhancement of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Cook, J; Halaris, A, 2022)	2.43
"Esketamine, which is an S-enantiomer of ketamine, is better than conventional antidepressants and even better than R-ketamine. "	( Esketamine-A quick-acting novel antidepressant without the disadvantages of ketamine. Javed, S; Kotra, M; Malathesh, BC; Nguyen, VS; Shoib, S, 2022)	3.61
"Esketamine is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist and a common analgesic."	( Effect of different doses of esketamine compared with fentanyl combined with propofol on hypotension in patients undergoing painless abortion surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. Chen, J; Hu, B; Shen, M; Wang, F; Yang, Y; Zhou, Q; Zou, X, 2022)	1.73
"Esketamine is an S (+) enantiomer of ketamine with greater potency and similar psychomimetic effects compared to racemic ketamine. "	( Safety and tolerability of esketamine in propofol based sedation for endoscopic variceal ligation with or without injection sclerotherapy: Randomized controlled trial. Chen, J; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Dan, L; Duan, G; Huang, H; Liu, R; Lyu, H; Wang, Q; Wang, T, 2023)	2.65
"Esketamine is a NMDA antagonist that has been proven to be beneficial for ameliorating respiratory depression owing to its sympathomimetic effect; however, there are no relevant reports on its use in patients with obesity."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine Combined with Propofol in Patients with Obesity Undergoing Painless Gastroscopy: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Fan, G; Li, Y; Liang, W; Ma, Q; Meng, F; Qin, W; Ren, Z; Wang, Y; Yin, N; Zhang, X; Zheng, L, 2023)	1.89
"Esketamine is a new N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, with enhanced analgesic effects."	( Efficacy of Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia with Esketamine for Herpes Zoster Associated with Breakthrough Pain. Fei, Y; Huang, B; Tang, J; Yao, M; Zhang, E, 2023)	1.88
"Esketamine nasal spray is a novel therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). "	( Access and real-world use patterns of esketamine nasal spray among patients with treatment-resistant depression covered by private or public insurance. Caron-Lapointe, G; Joshi, K; Lefebvre, P; Pilon, D; Teeple, A; Zhdanava, M, 2023)	2.62
"Esketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist inducing antidepressant effects within hours."	( The effects of esketamine and treatment expectation in acute major depressive disorder (Expect): study protocol for a pharmacological fMRI study using a balanced placebo design. Bitsch, F; Falkenberg, I; Kircher, T; Liu, W; Matsingos, A; Noor, L; Vogelbacher, C; Yildiz, C, 2023)	1.98
"Esketamine is a commonly used drug in pediatric general anesthesia due to its good analgesic and sedative effects."	( Effect of intravenous induction with different doses of Esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil on intraocular pressure among pediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Luo, J; Sun, R; Yin, K; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D, 2023)	1.88
"Esketamine appears to be an effective therapy when combined with oral antidepressants in patients with TRD."	( Esketamine: a glimmer of hope in treatment-resistant depression. Chakrabarti, SS; Kaur, U; Pathak, BK; Singh, A, 2021)	2.79
"Esketamine nasal spray is a novel, fast-acting agent that provides an additional treatment option for patients with TRD who have previously failed several therapies. "	( Practical recommendations for the management of treatment-resistant depression with esketamine nasal spray therapy: Basic science, evidence-based knowledge and expert guidance. Cubała, WJ; Fagiolini, A; Kasper, S; Ramos-Quiroga, JA; Souery, D; Young, AH, 2021)	2.29
"Esketamine is a promising drug which can induce antidepressant effects in Major Depression Disorder (MDD). "	( Adverse Effects of Esketamine for the Treatment of Major Depression Disorder: Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials. Chen, G; Li, X; Wang, J; Wang, T; Xu, X; Xu, Z; Yang, S; Zhou, X, 2022)	2.49

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Esketamine has a favorable risk-to-benefit profile, with demonstrated efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms more rapidly than monotherapy with traditional oral antidepressants."	( Intranasal esketamine: A novel drug for treatment-resistant depression. Khorassani, F; Talreja, O, 2020)	1.67
"Esketamine (ESK) has been approved as a rapid-acting intranasal treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). "	( Long-Term Efficacy of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Systematic Review. Buoli, M; Caldiroli, A; Capellazzi, M; Capuzzi, E; Clerici, M; Colmegna, F; Dakanalis, A; Marcatili, M; Tagliabue, I, 2021)	2.35
"Esketamine has recently emerged as a new treatment for TRD due to its rapid antidepressant effects."	( Cost-utility analysis of esketamine and electroconvulsive therapy in adults with treatment-resistant depression. Asellus, P; Degerlund Maldi, K; Myléus, A; Norström, F, 2021)	1.65
"Esketamine and ketamine have been shown to decrease inflammation in numerous ways principally through reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) (Loix et al., Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 62(1):47-58, 2011; Chen et al., Psychiatry Res 269:207-11, 2018; Kopra et al., J Psychopharmacol 35(8):934-45, 2021)."	( The Glutamatergic System in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Comparative Effectiveness of Ketamine and Esketamine: Role of Inflammation? Cook, J; Halaris, A, 2023)	1.85
"Esketamine has higher potency, stronger receptor affinity, a stronger analgesic effect, a higher in vivo clearance rate, and a lower incidence of adverse reactions when compared to ketamine. "	( Intraoperative intravenous low-dose esketamine improves quality of early recovery after laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Ai, Y; He, L; Liu, S; Xu, Y; Zhang, C, 2023)	2.63
"Esketamine has been licensed for 'treatment-resistant depression' in the USA, UK and Europe. "	( Are we repeating mistakes of the past? A review of the evidence for esketamine. Horowitz, MA; Moncrieff, J, 2021)	2.3
"Esketamine has a favorable risk-to-benefit profile, with demonstrated efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms more rapidly than monotherapy with traditional oral antidepressants."	( Intranasal esketamine: A novel drug for treatment-resistant depression. Khorassani, F; Talreja, O, 2020)	1.67

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Esketamine is a novel treatment for treatment resistant depression (TRD) and was approved by the FDA in early 2019. "	( Adjunctive dopaminergic enhancement of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Cook, J; Halaris, A, 2022)	2.43
"Esketamine effectively treated postoperative depressive symptoms of patients with a missed miscarriage, decreasing propofol consumption and inflammatory response."	( Evaluation of clinical effects of Esketamine on depression in patients with missed miscarriage: A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Feng, S; Jiang, M; Li, Q; Mao, M; Wen, Y; Xu, C; Yuan, H; Zhou, R, 2023)	2.63
"The esketamine treatment schedule involved a maximum of 3× weekly dosing at 0.25-0.5 mg/kg i.v."	( Urothelial toxicity of esketamine in the treatment of depression. Bauer, M; Cleare, A; Findeis, H; Ritter, P; Sauer, C, 2020)	1.35
"Esketamine-treated patients with and without anxiety demonstrated significant reductions in MADRS (mean [SD] change from baseline at day 28: -21.0 [12.51] and -22.7 [11.98], respectively)."	( The effect of esketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression with and without comorbid anxiety symptoms or disorder. Borentain, S; Daly, EJ; Fedgchin, M; Ionescu, DF; Salvadore, G; Singh, JB; Starr, HL; Thase, ME; Trivedi, MH; Turkoz, I, 2021)	1.7
"Treatment with esketamine may lead to an increased risk of lower urinary tract symptoms, such as dysuria or urgency."	( Long-term safety of ketamine and esketamine in treatment of depression. Krystal, JH; Murphy, E; Nikayin, S; Wilkinson, ST, 2022)	1.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Three of 56 (5%) esketamine-treated participants during the double-blind phase vs none receiving placebo and 1 of 57 participants (2%) during the open-label phase had adverse events that led to study discontinuation (1 event each of syncope, headache, dissociative syndrome, and ectopic pregnancy)."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine Adjunctive to Oral Antidepressant Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Lim, P; Manji, H; Shelton, RC; Singh, JB; Thase, ME; Van Nueten, L; Winokur, A, 2018)	1.09
" The most common adverse events among participants in the esketamine group were nausea, dizziness, dissociation, unpleasant taste, and headache."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine for the Rapid Reduction of Symptoms of Depression and Suicidality in Patients at Imminent Risk for Suicide: Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Alphs, L; Canuso, CM; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Hough, D; Lane, R; Lim, P; Manji, H; Pinter, C; Sanacora, G; Singh, JB, 2018)	1
" The most common (>20%) adverse events reported for esketamine/antidepressant were nausea, dissociation, dizziness, vertigo, and headache."	( Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined With a New Oral Antidepressant in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Study (TRANSFORM-1). Ameele, HVD; Blier, P; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Fava, M; Fedgchin, M; Gaillard, R; Hough, D; Lane, R; Liebowitz, M; Lim, P; Manji, H; Melkote, R; Preskorn, S; Ravindran, A; Singh, JB; Trivedi, M; Vitagliano, D, 2019)	1.04
"5 mg/kg was generally safe and tolerated in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Esketamine in Chinese Patients Undergoing Painless Gastroscopy in Comparison with Ketamine: A Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Study. Cui, C; Huang, J; Pei, Q; Wang, J; Wang, SY; Yang, GP; Yang, S; Ye, L, 2019)	0.8
" For adverse events, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] for esketamine/antidepressant versus antidepressant/placebo was calculated."	( Cardiac Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results from the Clinical Development Program. Doherty, T; Melkote, R; Miller, J; Singh, JB; Wajs, E; Weber, MA, 2020)	1.13
" Common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were dizziness (32."	( Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus Oral Antidepressant in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Assessment of Long-Term Safety in a Phase 3, Open-Label Study (SUSTAIN-2). Aluisio, L; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; George, JE; Grunfeld, J; Holder, R; Hough, D; Jeon, HJ; Kasper, S; Lane, R; Li, CT; Lim, P; Manji, H; Morrison, RL; Paik, JW; Sanacora, G; Singh, JB; Sulaiman, AH; Wajs, E; Wilkinson, ST; Young, AH, 2020)	2
"Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (March 2019-March 2020), we analysed esketamine-related adverse events (AEs) to detect and characterize relevant safety signals."	( Post-Marketing Safety Concerns with Esketamine: A Disproportionality Analysis of Spontaneous Reports Submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Barbui, C; Gastaldon, C; Kane, JM; Raschi, E; Schoretsanitis, G, 2021)	1.11
" Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to assess adverse effect profiles of esketamine for the treatment of MDD."	( Adverse Effects of Esketamine for the Treatment of Major Depression Disorder: Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials. Chen, G; Li, X; Wang, J; Wang, T; Xu, X; Xu, Z; Yang, S; Zhou, X, 2022)	1.28
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events associated with ketamine/esketamine are dissociation, anxiety, nausea, increased blood pressure, and headache."	( Prevention and Management of Common Adverse Effects of Ketamine and Esketamine in Patients with Mood Disorders. Cao, B; Ceban, F; Chau, EH; Gill, H; Ho, RC; Kratiuk, K; Kumar, A; Lee, JG; Lee, Y; Lin, K; Lipsitz, O; Lui, LMW; Mansur, RB; McIntyre, RS; Nasri, F; Rodrigues, NB; Rosenblat, JD; Subramaniapillai, M; Swainson, J, 2021)	1.09
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events during the DB induction phase in the combined esketamine group (incidences ranging from 12."	( Efficacy and safety of fixed doses of intranasal Esketamine as an add-on therapy to Oral antidepressants in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression: a phase 2b randomized clinical study. Goto, R; Shimizu, H; Shiraishi, A; Takahashi, N; Tominaga, Y; Yamada, A, 2021)	1.09
" All esketamine doses were safe and tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of fixed doses of intranasal Esketamine as an add-on therapy to Oral antidepressants in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression: a phase 2b randomized clinical study. Goto, R; Shimizu, H; Shiraishi, A; Takahashi, N; Tominaga, Y; Yamada, A, 2021)	1.39
" Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported in younger versus older patients, respectively, were: induction, 86."	( Comparison of Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus Oral Antidepressant in Younger Versus Older Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Post-Hoc Analysis of SUSTAIN-2, a Long-Term Open-Label Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy Study. Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Hough, D; Jamieson, C; Lane, R; Lim, P; Manji, H; Ochs-Ross, R; Sanacora, G; Singh, JB; Steffens, DC; Wajs, E; Zhang, Y, 2022)	0.98
" Beside adverse events that may be sought for abuse purpose (e."	( Safety concerns on the abuse potential of esketamine: Multidimensional analysis of a new anti-depressive drug on the market. Baudot, J; Mezaache, S; Micallef, J; Navarro, N; Soeiro, T; Tambon, M; Veyrac, G, 2022)	0.99
" The most common adverse events in esketamine-treated patients were nausea, dissociation, dizziness, and vertigo, each reported at a rate higher in women than men."	( Efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray by sex in patients with treatment-resistant depression: findings from short-term randomized, controlled trials. Canuso, CM; Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Freeman, MP; Jones, RR; Kornstein, SG; Nicholson, S, 2022)	1.31
"01; I2<1%), dropouts due to adverse events (RR=1."	( Efficacy and safety of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bahji, A; Vazquez, GH; Zarate, CA, 2022)	0.98
"After pooling data from seven randomized controlled trials, treatment with adjunctive IN esketamine vs IN placebo was safe overall, and more effective at decreasing depressive symptoms (d = -0."	( The efficacy and safety of adjunctive intranasal esketamine treatment in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alnafeesi, Y; Ceban, F; Di Vincenzo, JD; Gillissie, ES; Jaberi, S; Jawad, MY; Lui, LMW; McIntyre, RS; Rosenblat, JD, 2022)	1.2
" Hence, our preclinical studies demonstrated that dry powder inhalation is a highly efficacious and safe delivery route for esketamine and may be a viable alternative administration route meriting further clinical development."	( Esketamine inhaled as dry powder: Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety assessment in a preclinical study. Abramski, K; Dera, P; Gajos-Draus, A; Janicka, M; Janowska, S; Kamil, K; Mach, M; Matłoka, M; Moszczyński-Pętkowski, R; Pankiewicz, P; Perko, P; Pieczykolan, J; Teska-Kamińska, M; Tratkiewicz, E; Wieczorek, M; Ziółkowski, H, 2022)	2.37
" Finally, continuing to monitor research subjects and patients long-term for the emergence of adverse effects on cognition or other organ systems is critical."	( Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability. Kritzer, MD; Masand, PS; Pae, CU, 2022)	0.98
"Intravenous, subcutaneous, and possibly oral esketamine may offer an effective and safe addition to the depression treatment armamentarium."	( The antidepressant effect and safety of non-intranasal esketamine: A systematic review. Aan Het Rot, M; Kamphuis, J; Schoevers, RA; Smith-Apeldoorn, SY; Veraart, JK; Vischjager, M, 2022)	1.23
" In addition to other clinical and environmental confounders, prior information on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic determinants of response variability to ketamine and esketamine may inform on dose optimization and identification of individuals at risk of adverse drug reactions."	( Pharmacogenetic and drug interaction aspects on ketamine safety in its use as antidepressant - implications for precision dosing in a global perspective. Just, KS; Langmia, IM; Müller, JP; Stingl, JC; Yamoune, S, 2022)	0.91
" Hemodynamic index, pulse oxygen saturation, operative time, induction time, awakening status, orientation recovery time, adverse events, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were also recorded during gastrointestinal endoscopy."	( Efficacy and safety of subanesthetic doses of esketamine combined with propofol in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Li, J; Li, S; Li, Y; Liang, S; Liang, Z; Luo, Q; Yang, Z; Zhan, Y, 2022)	0.98
"2 mg/kg esketamine and propofol was effective and safe in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy as evidenced by less propofol consumption per minute, shorter induction time, and lower incidence of cough and body movement relative to propofol alone."	( Efficacy and safety of subanesthetic doses of esketamine combined with propofol in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Li, J; Li, S; Li, Y; Liang, S; Liang, Z; Luo, Q; Yang, Z; Zhan, Y, 2022)	1.41
" Esketamine was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Esketamine in the Treatment of Suicidality in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression. Abdo, GL; Barbosa, MG; de Oliveira Cerqueira, R; Del Porto, JA; Del Sant, LC; Delfino, RS; Fava, VAR; Grossi, JD; Lacerda, ALT; Lucchese, AC; Magalhães, E; Nakahira, C; Sarin, LM; Steglich, MS; Surjan, J; Tuena, MA, 2022)	1.91
" Frequency of response to specific CADSS items was examined to investigate qualitative differences in the pattern of symptoms reported across investigator-reported levels of adverse event severity."	( Adverse Events and Measurement of Dissociation After the First Dose of Esketamine in Patients With TRD. Borentain, S; Drevets, WC; Singh, JB; Turkoz, I; Wajs, E; Williamson, D, 2023)	1.14
"Dissociation was reported as an adverse event in 14."	( Adverse Events and Measurement of Dissociation After the First Dose of Esketamine in Patients With TRD. Borentain, S; Drevets, WC; Singh, JB; Turkoz, I; Wajs, E; Williamson, D, 2023)	1.14
"CADSS scores and severity of dissociation adverse events move generally in the same direction; however, there is substantial variability in this relationship."	( Adverse Events and Measurement of Dissociation After the First Dose of Esketamine in Patients With TRD. Borentain, S; Drevets, WC; Singh, JB; Turkoz, I; Wajs, E; Williamson, D, 2023)	1.14
" The primary outcome was the incidence of sedation-related adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of the combination of esketamine and propofol in procedural sedation/analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, Q; Hu, X; Huang, X; Lin, F, )	0.4
" Despite study limitations related to the inherent nature of the study, a limited number of patients, and a short follow-up period, ESK-NS showed to be effective and safe in patients diagnosed with TRD comorbid with a SUD."	( Esketamine in treatment-resistant depression patients comorbid with substance-use disorder: A viewpoint on its safety and effectiveness in a subsample of patients from the REAL-ESK study. Andriola, I; Barlati, S; Bassetti, R; Chiappini, S; Clerici, M; d'Andrea, G; De Filippis, S; Dell'Osso, B; Di Nicola, M; Martinotti, G; Pettorruso, M; Sensi, S; Vita, A, 2023)	2.35
" Adverse events and satisfaction scores were also recorded."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine Combined with Propofol in Patients with Obesity Undergoing Painless Gastroscopy: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Fan, G; Li, Y; Liang, W; Ma, Q; Meng, F; Qin, W; Ren, Z; Wang, Y; Yin, N; Zhang, X; Zheng, L, 2023)	1.17
"25 mg/kg) improves the safety and reduces the incidence of adverse events in patients with obesity during painless gastroscopy."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine Combined with Propofol in Patients with Obesity Undergoing Painless Gastroscopy: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Fan, G; Li, Y; Liang, W; Ma, Q; Meng, F; Qin, W; Ren, Z; Wang, Y; Yin, N; Zhang, X; Zheng, L, 2023)	1.17
" Common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥20%) were headache, dizziness, nausea, dissociation, somnolence, and nasopharyngitis."	( Long-term safety and maintenance of response with esketamine nasal spray in participants with treatment-resistant depression: interim results of the SUSTAIN-3 study. Chen, LN; Doherty, T; Drevets, WC; Fu, DJ; Lane, R; Morrison, RL; Popova, V; Sanacora, G; Wilkinson, ST; Zaki, N, 2023)	1.16
" Response (≥50% improvement in total score from baseline for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] and Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item [PHQ-9]), remission (MADRS score ≤12; PHQ-9 total score <5), changes in depression rating scores (measured as mean change from baseline), and safety were evaluated (incidence of treatment-emergent and serious adverse events [AE])."	( Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression Who Completed a Second Induction Period: Analysis of the Ongoing SUSTAIN-3 Study. Al Jurdi, RK; Borentain, S; Brown, B; Cabrera, P; Castro, M; Fu, DJ; Petrillo, MP; Sun, L; Turkoz, I; Wilkinson, ST; Zaki, N, 2023)	1.22
" Adverse reaction rates were similar between groups (P > ."	( Analysis of the Analgesic Effect, Emotion, and Safety of Esketamine in Cesarean Section Analgesia for Puerperae. Chen, H; Dong, X; Jin, L; Lou, F; Lu, Y; Wang, C; Yang, Z, 2023)	1.16

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Esketamine in Chinese Patients Undergoing Painless Gastroscopy in Comparison with Ketamine: A Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Study. Cui, C; Huang, J; Pei, Q; Wang, J; Wang, SY; Yang, GP; Yang, S; Ye, L, 2019)	0.8
"The model is of adequate quality for use in future pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies into the efficacy and side-effects of ketamine and metabolites."	( Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and its major metabolites norketamine, hydroxynorketamine, and dehydronorketamine: a model-based analysis. Aarts, L; Dahan, A; Jonkman, K; Kamp, J; Niesters, M; Olofsen, E; van Velzen, M, 2020)	0.56
" Esketamine showed a clinically relevant pharmacokinetic profile, with high bioavailability (62%) and relatively low maximum concentration peaks."	( Esketamine inhaled as dry powder: Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety assessment in a preclinical study. Abramski, K; Dera, P; Gajos-Draus, A; Janicka, M; Janowska, S; Kamil, K; Mach, M; Matłoka, M; Moszczyński-Pętkowski, R; Pankiewicz, P; Perko, P; Pieczykolan, J; Teska-Kamińska, M; Tratkiewicz, E; Wieczorek, M; Ziółkowski, H, 2022)	3.07
"The simulated and observed (171 healthy volunteers) plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of intranasal esketamine/noresketamine showed a good match."	( Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions After Esketamine Intranasal Administration Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. de Zwart, L; Mannens, G; Snoeys, J; Willemin, ME; Zannikos, P, 2022)	1.2
" A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of esketamine and its metabolite (noresketamine) has been previously developed, which included Asian race and Japanese ethnicity as covariates on their exposures."	( Evaluation of Ethnicity Effect on Intranasal Esketamine Pharmacokinetics by Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Data From a Japanese Phase 2b Study. Kurosawa, K; Pérez-Ruixo, C; Shibuya, M; Shimizu, H, 2023)	1.43

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of sedation with inhaled sevoflurane in combination with intravenous esketamine during PP in patients with COVID-19-ARDS (CARDS)."	( Sevoflurane in combination with esketamine is an effective sedation regimen in COVID-19 patients enabling assisted spontaneous breathing even during prone positioning. Bansbach, J; Heinrich, S; Kalbhenn, J; Kaufmann, K; Wenz, J, 2022)	1.21
" Patients were sedated with inhaled sevoflurane in combination with eske-tamine during PP and not or only lightly sedated during the supine position."	( Sevoflurane in combination with esketamine is an effective sedation regimen in COVID-19 patients enabling assisted spontaneous breathing even during prone positioning. Bansbach, J; Heinrich, S; Kalbhenn, J; Kaufmann, K; Wenz, J, 2022)	1
" Inhaled sedation with sevoflurane in combination with esketamine, however, safely enables prolonged prone positioning in patients with CARDS."	( Sevoflurane in combination with esketamine is an effective sedation regimen in COVID-19 patients enabling assisted spontaneous breathing even during prone positioning. Bansbach, J; Heinrich, S; Kalbhenn, J; Kaufmann, K; Wenz, J, 2022)	1.25
"The objective of this study was to determine which symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) improve in those treated with esketamine nasal spray in combination with oral antidepressant (AD) compared with those treated with placebo plus AD for adult patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD)."	( Evaluation of Individual Items of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression Treated with Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined with a New Oral Antidepressant. Cooper, K; Drevets, WC; Floden, L; Hudgens, S; Jamieson, C; Popova, V; Singh, J, 2022)	1.1
"The TRANSFORM 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray in combination with AD."	( Evaluation of Individual Items of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression Treated with Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined with a New Oral Antidepressant. Cooper, K; Drevets, WC; Floden, L; Hudgens, S; Jamieson, C; Popova, V; Singh, J, 2022)	1.16
" In antidepressant drug therapy, usually multiple drugs are administered which are substrates of CYP enzymes, increasing the risk for drug-drug interactions."	( Pharmacogenetic and drug interaction aspects on ketamine safety in its use as antidepressant - implications for precision dosing in a global perspective. Just, KS; Langmia, IM; Müller, JP; Stingl, JC; Yamoune, S, 2022)	0.72
" Studies have shown that the application of propofol combined with ketamine in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy is beneficial to reduce the dosage of propofol and the incidence of related complications."	( Efficacy and safety of subanesthetic doses of esketamine combined with propofol in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Li, J; Li, S; Li, Y; Liang, S; Liang, Z; Luo, Q; Yang, Z; Zhan, Y, 2022)	0.98
"To investigate the effect of applying remimazolam combined with esketamine for anesthesia in painless gastroenteroscopy on patients' circulatory and respiratory function."	( Effects of Remimazolam Combined with Esketamine Anesthesia on Circulatory and Respiratory Function during Painless Gastroenteroscopy. Guo, X; Lu, C; Qian, J; Ren, J, 2022)	1.23
"Remimazolam combined with esketamine anesthesia has the same advantages of rapid awakening compared with propofol anesthesia."	( Effects of Remimazolam Combined with Esketamine Anesthesia on Circulatory and Respiratory Function during Painless Gastroenteroscopy. Guo, X; Lu, C; Qian, J; Ren, J, 2022)	1.29
"Propofol combined with opioids can reduce the dosage of propofol and improve the safety of endoscopy."	( Sedative effect and safety of different doses of S-ketamine in combination with propofol during gastro-duodenoscopy in school-aged children: a prospective, randomized study. Hu, W; Huang, X; Ren, W; Wang, J; Zhang, B; Zhao, X, 2022)	0.72
"To explore the effects and safety of low dose of esketamine combined with propofol in elderly patients undergoing fibronchoscopy."	( Low dose of esketamine combined with propofol in painless fibronchoscopy in elderly patients. Chen, Z; Du, T; Feng, Y; Wang, J, 2022)	1.35
"This is a protocol for a randomized double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the effect of esketamine combined with pregabalin on postsurgical pain in spinal surgery."	( Esketamine combined with pregabalin on acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing resection of spinal neoplasms: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Fan, J; Han, R; Sun, W; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.57
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of esketamine combined with pregabalin on acute postsurgical pain in patients undergoing resection of spinal neoplasms."	( Esketamine combined with pregabalin on acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing resection of spinal neoplasms: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Fan, J; Han, R; Sun, W; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.6
" For children aged 2-6 years with dental anxiety who require dental surgery, anesthesiologists may consider using midazolam oral solution combined with esketamine nasal drops for noninvasive sedation after a preoperative anxiety scale evaluation."	( Intranasal esketamine combined with oral midazolam provides adequate sedation for outpatient pediatric dental procedures: a prospective cohort study. Chen, S; Chen, Z; Liao, J; Ran, H; Wang, J; Yu, C; Zeng, J; Zhao, N, 2023)	1.5
" Low dose of remimazolam when combined with esketamine has favorable profiles with rapid onset and recovery, but mild hemodynamic side effects and adverse events."	( Remimazolam versus propofol in combination with esketamine for surgical abortion: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Chen, J; Li, N; Ma, X; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Yang, L; Yue, L, 2023)	1.43
" The effect of esketamine combined with other common anesthetics on IOP has been underinvestigated."	( Effect of intravenous induction with different doses of Esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil on intraocular pressure among pediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Luo, J; Sun, R; Yin, K; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D, 2023)	1.51
"Propofol combined with sufentanil significantly decreased IOP during the induction of general anesthesia."	( Effect of intravenous induction with different doses of Esketamine combined with propofol and sufentanil on intraocular pressure among pediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Luo, J; Sun, R; Yin, K; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D, 2023)	1.16
"This study aims to observe the postoperative anesthetic effect of esketamine combined with hip capsule peripheral nerve block (PNB) in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA)."	( A subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with hip peripheral nerve block has good sedative and analgesic effects in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: A randomized-controlled trial. Dai, B; Huo, Y, 2023)	1.45
" The observation group (Group A) was treated with a subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with hip capsule PNB; control group (Group B) was treated with a subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with lumbar plexus block; and control group (Group C) was treated with a subanesthetic dose of esketamine for general anesthesia."	( A subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with hip peripheral nerve block has good sedative and analgesic effects in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: A randomized-controlled trial. Dai, B; Huo, Y, 2023)	1.45
"A subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with hip capsule PNB for elderly patients undergoing THA has better postoperative analgesic effects."	( A subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with hip peripheral nerve block has good sedative and analgesic effects in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: A randomized-controlled trial. Dai, B; Huo, Y, 2023)	1.52

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Esketamine showed a clinically relevant pharmacokinetic profile, with high bioavailability (62%) and relatively low maximum concentration peaks."	( Esketamine inhaled as dry powder: Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety assessment in a preclinical study. Abramski, K; Dera, P; Gajos-Draus, A; Janicka, M; Janowska, S; Kamil, K; Mach, M; Matłoka, M; Moszczyński-Pętkowski, R; Pankiewicz, P; Perko, P; Pieczykolan, J; Teska-Kamińska, M; Tratkiewicz, E; Wieczorek, M; Ziółkowski, H, 2022)	3.07

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To assess the efficacy, safety, and dose-response of intranasal esketamine hydrochloride in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD)."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine Adjunctive to Oral Antidepressant Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Lim, P; Manji, H; Shelton, RC; Singh, JB; Thase, ME; Van Nueten, L; Winokur, A, 2018)	1
" During the open-label phase, dosing frequency was reduced from twice weekly to weekly, and then to every 2 weeks."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine Adjunctive to Oral Antidepressant Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Lim, P; Manji, H; Shelton, RC; Singh, JB; Thase, ME; Van Nueten, L; Winokur, A, 2018)	0.76
"001), with a significant ascending dose-response relationship (P < ."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine Adjunctive to Oral Antidepressant Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Lim, P; Manji, H; Shelton, RC; Singh, JB; Thase, ME; Van Nueten, L; Winokur, A, 2018)	0.76
" Response appeared to persist for more than 2 months with a lower dosing frequency."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine Adjunctive to Oral Antidepressant Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Lim, P; Manji, H; Shelton, RC; Singh, JB; Thase, ME; Van Nueten, L; Winokur, A, 2018)	0.76
" The site-based MADRS interviews were recorded at the baseline and 2 h post-dose assessments on the first intranasal dosing day."	( Comparability of blinded remote and site-based assessments of response to adjunctive esketamine or placebo nasal spray in patients with treatment resistant depression. Cooper, K; Daly, E; Fedgchin, M; Singh, JB; Targum, SD, 2019)	0.74
" This study compared the efficacy and safety of switching patients with treatment-resistant depression from an ineffective antidepressant to flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray plus a newly initiated antidepressant or to a newly initiated antidepressant (active comparator) plus placebo nasal spray."	( Efficacy and Safety of Flexibly Dosed Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined With a Newly Initiated Oral Antidepressant in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study. Bajbouj, M; Cooper, K; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Hough, D; Lane, R; Lim, P; Manji, H; Mazzucco, C; Molero, P; Popova, V; Shelton, RC; Singh, JB; Thase, ME; Trivedi, M; Vieta, E, 2019)	0.98
"This phase 3 double-blind study randomized patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) ≥65 years (1:1) to flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray and new oral antidepressant (esketamine/antidepressant) or new oral antidepressant and placebo nasal spray (antidepressant/placebo)."	( Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus an Oral Antidepressant in Elderly Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression-TRANSFORM-3. Adler, C; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; Gaillard, R; Hough, D; Lane, R; Lim, P; Manji, H; McShane, R; Morrison, RL; Ochs-Ross, R; Sanacora, G; Singh, JB; Steffens, DC; Wilkinson, ST; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.07
" BP increases reached the maximum postdose value within ~ 40 min of esketamine dosing and returned to the predose range by ~ 1."	( Cardiac Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results from the Clinical Development Program. Doherty, T; Melkote, R; Miller, J; Singh, JB; Wajs, E; Weber, MA, 2020)	1.13
"BP elevations following esketamine dosing are generally transient, asymptomatic, and not associated with serious cardiovascular safety sequalae."	( Cardiac Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results from the Clinical Development Program. Doherty, T; Melkote, R; Miller, J; Singh, JB; Wajs, E; Weber, MA, 2020)	1.2
" However, IV administration is associated with a number of drawbacks and advanced delivery platforms could provide an alternative parenteral route of esketamine dosing in patients."	( Hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays as a therapeutic option for transdermal esketamine delivery. Courtenay, AJ; Donnelly, RF; Kearney, MC; Levin, G; Levy-Nissenbaum, E; McAlister, E; McCarthy, HO; McCrudden, MTC; Shterman, N; Steiner, L; Vora, L, 2020)	0.99
" Most TEAEs occurred on dosing days, were mild or moderate in severity, and resolved on the same day."	( Esketamine Nasal Spray Plus Oral Antidepressant in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Assessment of Long-Term Safety in a Phase 3, Open-Label Study (SUSTAIN-2). Aluisio, L; Daly, EJ; Drevets, WC; George, JE; Grunfeld, J; Holder, R; Hough, D; Jeon, HJ; Kasper, S; Lane, R; Li, CT; Lim, P; Manji, H; Morrison, RL; Paik, JW; Sanacora, G; Singh, JB; Sulaiman, AH; Wajs, E; Wilkinson, ST; Young, AH, 2020)	2
"This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of esketamine, a novel intranasally dosed antidepressant, for patients in the United States with treatment-resistant depression."	( Cost-Effectiveness of Esketamine Nasal Spray for Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression in the United States. Ross, EL; Soeteman, DI, 2020)	1.12
" esketamine is cheap, requires less frequent dosing (once a week), and is a simpler procedure compared to intravenous infusions, it might have an impact on public health."	( Effects of subcutaneous esketamine on blood pressure and heart rate in treatment-resistant depression. Abdo, G; Barbosa, M; Cohrs, FM; de Jesus Mari, J; Del Porto, JA; Del Sant, LC; Delfino, R; Fava, VAR; Lacerda, ALT; Liberatori, A; Lucchese, AC; Magalhães, EJM; Nakahira, C; Sarin, LM; Steiglich, MS; Surjan, J; Tuena, MA, 2020)	1.78
"Intranasal drug delivery offers a non-invasive and convenient dosing option for patients and physicians, especially for conditions requiring chronic/repeated-treatment administration."	( Effect of Esketamine Nasal Spray on Olfactory Function and Nasal Tolerability in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results from Four Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Studies. Cooper, K; Daly, E; Doty, RL; Drevets, WC; Fedgchin, M; Jamieson, C; Janik, A; Lane, R; Lim, P; Melkote, R; Ochs-Ross, R; Popova, V; Singh, J; Wylie, C, 2021)	1.02
"Most trials of adding lithium involved older, mainly tricyclic, antidepressants, and the dosing of adjunctive treatments were not optimized."	( Efficacy and Tolerability of Combination Treatments for Major Depression: Antidepressants plus Second-Generation Antipsychotics vs. Esketamine vs. Lithium. Bahji, A; Baldessarini, RJ; Tondo, L; Undurraga, J; Vázquez, GH, 2021)	0.83
" The dose-response relationship calls for caution with higher doses of tranylcypromine."	( Cardiovascular Effects of Combining Subcutaneous or Intravenous Esketamine and the MAO Inhibitor Tranylcypromine for the Treatment of Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Bauer, M; Findeis, H; Ludwig, VM; Ritter, P; Rucker, J; Sauer, C; Young, AH, 2021)	0.86
" Since then, intravenous ketamine and intranasal S-ketamine have been validated for the treatment of depression and suicidal ideation following dose-response and double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials."	( Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability. Kritzer, MD; Masand, PS; Pae, CU, 2022)	0.98
"We recommend further investigation into treatment dosing and frequency strategies as well as approaches that prolong the therapeutic effects."	( Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability. Kritzer, MD; Masand, PS; Pae, CU, 2022)	0.98
" Dosage of propofol required in group E (1."	( The effectiveness of esketamine and propofol versus dezocine and propofol sedation during gastroscopy: A randomized controlled study. Chen, L; Tang, T; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Y, 2022)	1.04
" Therefore, taking a look at individual patient risks and potential underlying variability in pharmacokinetics may improve safety and dosing of these new antidepressant drugs in clinical practice."	( Pharmacogenetic and drug interaction aspects on ketamine safety in its use as antidepressant - implications for precision dosing in a global perspective. Just, KS; Langmia, IM; Müller, JP; Stingl, JC; Yamoune, S, 2022)	0.72
" The secondary outcomes included injection pain score, vital signs, total dosage of vasoactive drugs used within 5 minutes after induction, and adverse events related to drugs."	( Pretreatment with Low-Dose Esketamine for Reduction of Propofol Injection Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Fu, D; Han, Y; Jia, J; Li, W; Wang, D, 2022)	1.02
" Studies have shown that the application of propofol combined with ketamine in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy is beneficial to reduce the dosage of propofol and the incidence of related complications."	( Efficacy and safety of subanesthetic doses of esketamine combined with propofol in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Li, J; Li, S; Li, Y; Liang, S; Liang, Z; Luo, Q; Yang, Z; Zhan, Y, 2022)	0.98
"Propofol combined with opioids can reduce the dosage of propofol and improve the safety of endoscopy."	( Sedative effect and safety of different doses of S-ketamine in combination with propofol during gastro-duodenoscopy in school-aged children: a prospective, randomized study. Hu, W; Huang, X; Ren, W; Wang, J; Zhang, B; Zhao, X, 2022)	0.72
"Comparison of cumulated dosage of sufentanil, times of effective press and rescue analgesia at 48 hours after operation: Group H was significantly lower than Group M, Group L, and Group C (P < ."	( Effects of esketamine on analgesia and postpartum depression after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial. Chen, Q; Ling, B; Lv, J; Wang, W; Xu, H; Yu, W, 2022)	1.11
" Compared with the control group, the total dosage of propofol in the experimental group was significantly lower, and the number of vasoactive drugs, the incidence of respiratory depression and bronchospasm were significantly lower (P < ."	( Low dose of esketamine combined with propofol in painless fibronchoscopy in elderly patients. Chen, Z; Du, T; Feng, Y; Wang, J, 2022)	1.1
"0035) and the dosage of propofol used during operation (198."	( Evaluation of clinical effects of Esketamine on depression in patients with missed miscarriage: A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Feng, S; Jiang, M; Li, Q; Mao, M; Wen, Y; Xu, C; Yuan, H; Zhou, R, 2023)	1.19
"The majority of patients completed ESK induction phase, and most dosing intervals were longer than the label recommendation."	( Treatment patterns, healthcare utilization, and costs of patients with treatment-resistant depression initiated on esketamine intranasal spray and covered by US commercial health plans. Holiday, C; Joshi, K; Karkare, S; Pilon, D; Shah, A; Zhdanava, M, )	0.34
"In this RCT, the primary objective is to demonstrate that an intermittent esketamine dosing regimen is non-inferior to a continuous esketamine dosing regimen at 3 months follow-up."	( Intermittent versus continuous esketamine infusions for long-term pain modulation in complex regional pain syndrome: protocol of a randomized controlled non-inferiority study (KetCRPS-2). Baart, SJ; Bharwani, KD; de Vos, CC; Dik, WA; Dirckx, M; Huygen, FJPM; Mangnus, TJP; Redekop, K; Siepman, TAM, 2023)	1.43
" However, the proper dosage for intranasal use in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been determined."	( Median effective dose of esketamine for intranasal premedication in children with congenital heart disease. Bai, J; Gu, H; Huang, J; Liu, D, 2023)	1.21
"Data from TRANSFORM-2, a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, short-term flexibly dosed study, were analyzed."	( Assessment of health-related quality of life and health status in patients with treatment-resistant depression treated with esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant. Cooper, K; Daly, E; Drevets, WC; Jamieson, C; Popova, V; Rozjabek, HM; Singh, J, 2023)	1.12
" Intranasal esketamine dosing was flexible, twice-weekly during induction and individualized to depression severity during optimization/maintenance."	( Long-term safety and maintenance of response with esketamine nasal spray in participants with treatment-resistant depression: interim results of the SUSTAIN-3 study. Chen, LN; Doherty, T; Drevets, WC; Fu, DJ; Lane, R; Morrison, RL; Popova, V; Sanacora, G; Wilkinson, ST; Zaki, N, 2023)	1.54
" For propofol dosage, the administration of esketamine required a lower propofol dosage compared to the NS group and opioids group]."	( Efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation among patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Guo, Y; Jing, Y; Lian, X; Lin, Y; Luo, T; Yuan, H, 2023)	1.48
" The dosage of propofol in the PR group was significantly higher than that in the PK group (144 ± 38 mg vs."	( Comparison of remifentanil and esketamine in combination with propofol for patient sedation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chen, W; Jia, Y; Nie, J; Wang, H; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.2
"Compared with remifentanil, the combination of esketamine with propofol in fiberoptic bronchoscopy leaded to more stable intraoperative hemodynamics, lower dosage of propofol, lower transient hypoxia rate, fewer incidence of adverse events, and greater bronchoscopists satisfaction."	( Comparison of remifentanil and esketamine in combination with propofol for patient sedation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chen, W; Jia, Y; Nie, J; Wang, H; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.45
"The optimal dosage and method of esketamine for postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are unclear."	( Effects of different doses of esketamine intervention on postpartum depressive symptoms in cesarean section women: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study. Bai, ZH; Chen, L; Duan, KM; Gao, K; Li, QW; Mao, XY; Ping, AQ; Wang, SY; Xu, SY; Yang, SQ; Yang, ST; Zhou, YY, 2023)	1.48
" Secondary study indicators will include (1) visual analog scale (VAS) score and HAMD-17 score prior to surgery, immediately after entering the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after surgery; (2) Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after surgery; (3) consumed doses of sufentanil and esketamine after surgery; (4) postoperative analgesia pump effective press times, rescue analgesia times, and rescue drug dosage, recording the number of rescue analgesia and rescue drug dosage at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after the patient enters the PACU; (5) postoperative complications and adverse events; (6) postoperative hospital stay; (7) concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6, at 1, 3, and, 5 days post-surgery; and (8) the patient survival rate at 6 and 12 months post-surgery."	( Effect of postoperative application of esketamine on postoperative depression and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Gan, S; Pan, Q; Song, Z; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yin, Y; Yu, K; Zhang, B; Zuo, X, 2023)	1.35
"The aim of this study is to assess the current situation in out of hospital pain management in Germany regarding the substances, indications, dosage and the delegation of the use of analgesics to emergency medical service (EMS) staff."	( Application of analgesics in emergency services in Germany: a survey of the medical directors. Scharonow, M; Scharonow, O; Vilcane, S; Weilbach, C, 2023)	0.91
" The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), numeric rating scales, dosage of propofol, dexmedetomidine and rocuronium, as well as the numeric rating scales score and analgesic complications were monitored in the 2 groups."	( Effect of esketamine on inflammatory factors in opioid-free anesthesia based on quadratus lumborum block: A randomized trial. Dai, J; Li, J; Li, S; Zheng, R, 2023)	1.31

Role	Description
analgesic	An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.
NMDA receptor antagonist	Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs.
intravenous anaesthetic	null
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
ketamine	A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.8666	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.6805	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.7071	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.8196	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0114	0.0010	1.8877	9.8000	AID1255979
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0114	0.0010	1.9958	9.8000	AID1255979
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.7072	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.7072	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4950	0.0003	0.7072	6.6900	AID1692782; AID1692783
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
propylene metabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glycine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
startle response	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
neurogenesis	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
sleep	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
directional locomotion	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin metabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cytoplasm	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleft	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
terminal bouton	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID704017	Displacement of [3H]-(+)-MK-801 from PCP binding site of NMDA receptor in pig brain cortex	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Enantiomerically pure 1,3-dioxanes as highly selective NMDA and σ₁ receptor ligands.
AID1247113	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of 20 mM NH4+ to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of 20 mM NH4+	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID1247108	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of 30 uM spermine to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of 30 uM spermine	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID1255979	Antagonist activity against NR1-1a/NR2A NMDA receptor (unknown origin) expressed in mouse recombinant L(tk-) cells assessed as inhibition of glycine and glutamate induced excitotoxicity incubated for 12 hrs by LDH assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 58, Issue:21	Novel Potent N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists or σ1 Receptor Ligands Based on Properly Substituted 1,4-Dioxane Ring.
AID1247112	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of 50 mM K+ to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of 50 mM K+	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID1692782	Displacement of [3H]-MK801 from NMDA receptor in rat brain homogenate	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22	Repurposing of Drugs-The Ketamine Story.
AID1247111	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of 3 to 50 mM Na+ to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of 3 to 50 mM Na+	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID1672601	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4	Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Antitumor Activity of Chiral 1,4-Dioxane Ligands in MCF-7 and SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cells.
AID1672602	Cytotoxicity against human SK-BR-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4	Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Antitumor Activity of Chiral 1,4-Dioxane Ligands in MCF-7 and SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cells.
AID1247110	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of H+ at pH 6.4 to 8.2 to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of H+ at pH 6.4 to 8.2	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID353104	Ratio of Ki for rat brain NMDA receptor in presence of 100 uM spermine to Ki for rat brain NMDA receptor in absence of spermine	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9	NMDA receptor affinities of 1,2-diphenylethylamine and 1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine enantiomers and of related compounds.
AID1247114	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of 1.3 mM Mg2+ to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of 1.3 mM Mg2+	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID1247109	Ratio of IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in presence of 10 to 50 mM Tris to IC50 for NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes in absence of 10 to 50 mM Tris	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID1255978	Displacement of [3H]MK801 from NMDA receptor PCP binding site in guinea pig brain cortex membranes incubated for 120 mins by scintillation counting method	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 58, Issue:21	Novel Potent N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists or σ1 Receptor Ligands Based on Properly Substituted 1,4-Dioxane Ring.
AID353103	Displacement of [3H]MK801 from NMDA receptor in rat brain neuronal membrane	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9	NMDA receptor affinities of 1,2-diphenylethylamine and 1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine enantiomers and of related compounds.
AID1247107	Displacement of [3H]MK-801 from NMDA receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes by scintillation counting analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Differential influence of 7 cations on 16 non-competitive NMDA receptor blockers.
AID295934	Displacement of [3H]MK-801 from NMDA receptor in guinea pig brain membrane	2007	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 42, Issue:10	Synthesis of bridged piperazines with sigma receptor affinity.
AID1692776	Cmax in mouse brain at 10 mg/kg, ip measured after 10 mins	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22	Repurposing of Drugs-The Ketamine Story.
AID1692783	Displacement of [3H]-MK801 from NMDA receptor in rat brain membranes	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22	Repurposing of Drugs-The Ketamine Story.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (0.48)	29.6817
2010's	47 (11.27)	24.3611
2020's	368 (88.25)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	131 (30.25%)	5.53%
Reviews	79 (18.24%)	6.00%
Case Studies	16 (3.70%)	4.05%
Observational	10 (2.31%)	0.25%
Other	197 (45.50%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
carbamates [no description available]	2.21	1	0	amino-acid anion
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.77	3	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	3.7	1	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	5.01	3	2	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	2.11	1	0	guanidines
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.11	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	6.91	3	3	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	5.1	3	2	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.9	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	4.21	2	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	7.72	2	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.6	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	23.39	368	109	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.11	1	0	anthracenes
memantine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	6.97	7	3	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.31	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	3.99	1	1	carbazoles
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	13	32	22	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	7.89	5	3	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.41	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.31	1	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
corticosterone [no description available]	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	2.05	1	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.31	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.25	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.35	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	4.43	6	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
benzhydrylamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
1,3-ditolylguanidine 1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain	2.47	2	0	toluenes
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	2.05	1	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	3.35	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.6	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.6	1	0	nitrile
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.41	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	8.51	1	0	organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist
glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.31	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
propanidid Propanidid: An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)	2.6	1	0	methoxybenzenes
1,12-dodecamethylenediamine 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecane-1,12-diamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine that is dodecane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 12.	2.11	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	7.52	2	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	5.58	4	1	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine (1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.05	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.83	3	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
l-amphetamine (R)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has R configuration.	2.05	1	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	4.46	4	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	9.29	15	14	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	10.58	2	2	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	9.23	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	11.64	7	5	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	6.91	3	3	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	7.15	4	3	hydrochloride
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.21	1	0	imidazoles
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	6.91	3	3	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
didemethylchlorpromazine didemethylchlorpromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.11	1	0	phenothiazines
1-phenethylamine, (s)-isomer (1S)-1-phenylethanamine : The (S)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanamine.	2.05	1	0	1-phenylethylamine
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer [no description available]	2.11	1	0
brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.	8.83	3	0	3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one	antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
desmethylmaprotiline desmethylmaprotiline: major metabolite of maprotiline	2.11	1	0	anthracenes
norketamine norketamine: metabolite of ketamine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	12.6	5	1	organochlorine compound
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	2.6	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	4.91	3	2	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
dizocilpine [no description available]	3.92	3	0	secondary amino compound; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.	2.25	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine	geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	9.28	2	1	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.83	3	0	cyclodextrin
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	3.04	3	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
1-phenethylamine, (r)-isomer (1R)-1-phenylethanamine : The (R)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanamine.	2.05	1	0	1-phenylethylamine
(R)-ketamine (R)-ketamine : The R- (less active) enantiomer of ketamine.	3.9	3	0	ketamine	analgesic; intravenous anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	7.41	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	3.99	1	1	indolyl carboxylic acid
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.6	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	biphenyls
meso-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, (r-(r,s))-isomer diphenylethylenediamine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.6	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	4.11	2	0	alkali metal atom
dezocine dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.	9.72	1	1	phenols; primary amino compound	opioid analgesic
dexoxadrol [no description available]	2.49	2	0
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	10.71	4	3	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.49	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	8.81	6	6	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	9.69	4	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	8.93	9	8	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	4.4	2	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	2.48	2	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.21	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	4.95	3	2	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.07	1	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
ro 25-6981 Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source. Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.	2.6	1	0	benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	4.4	2	1
fpl 15896ar [no description available]	2.05	1	0
remimazolam remimazolam: sedative; structure in first source	4.54	3	1
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	3.35	1	0
brexpiprazole brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source	3.35	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
etoxadrol etoxadrol: was heading 1975-94 (see under PIPERIDINES 1975-90); use PIPERIDINES to search ETOXADROL 1975-90; dissociative anesthetic with some cardiovascular effects	2.11	1	0	ketal
glyx-13 peptide GLYX-13 peptide: a monoclonal antibody-derived peptide that acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator	2.21	1	0
quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	4.4	2	1	fumarate salt
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.99	1	1
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.31	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Ache [description not available]	0	9.36	18	9
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	9.36	18	9
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	21.85	205	112
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	1	23.85	205	112
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	15.83	64	56
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	15.83	64	56
Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.	0	13.38	27	8
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	7.23	5	5
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	12.23	5	5
Refractory Depression [description not available]	0	22.29	246	107
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)	0	22.29	246	107
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	19.4	157	33
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	0	7.16	8	1
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	1	10.98	16	2
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	5.16	3	2
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	10.16	3	2
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	10.24	23	16
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	7.67	5	5
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.62	1	1
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	0	4.62	1	1
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	12.67	5	5
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	12.65	11	4
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	8.19	10	1
Disorder, Borderline Personality [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Borderline Personality Disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)	0	2.9	2	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.61	6	0
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	0	9.24	11	9
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	0	9.24	11	9
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	4.02	3	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	6.23	10	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	6.23	10	0
Emesis, Postoperative [description not available]	0	8.23	9	8
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.	0	13.23	9	8
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	5.2	2	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.8	1	1
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	2.41	1	0
ADDH [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	0	2.41	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	9.37	4	0
Postoperative Cognitive Complications COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure.	0	2.41	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	6.26	6	4
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	6.26	6	4
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	4.37	4	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	0	8.61	6	6
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	0	8.61	6	6
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	7.79	28	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	12.79	28	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	8.63	7	2
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	6.38	5	0
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	8.63	7	2
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	6.98	6	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	6.38	5	0
Serotonin Syndrome An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.	0	3.33	1	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	0	3.98	3	0
Agnosia Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities.	0	5.9	4	4
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.9	4	4
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	0	5.9	4	4
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	0	6.17	5	4
Psychoses [description not available]	0	6.08	4	4
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	0	6.17	5	4
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	6.08	4	4
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	4.45	3	1
Astrocytosis [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	9.45	3	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.76	2	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	0	4.84	2	2
Separation Anxiety Disorder [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Agitated Emergence [description not available]	0	4.84	2	2
Anxiety, Separation Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.	0	3.8	1	1
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	0	3.8	1	1
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	0	4.84	2	2
Hyperkyphosis [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	3.33	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	2.69	2	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	7.69	2	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	0	8.99	1	1
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	0	3.99	1	1
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	2.6	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	5.6	3	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	10.6	3	1
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	10.59	2	1
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	0	5.59	2	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	8.02	7	2
Flatus [description not available]	0	4.95	2	2
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	0	4.95	2	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	6.55	6	5
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	6.55	6	5
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	3.99	1	1
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	3.99	1	1
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	3.99	1	1
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	2.82	2	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	7.82	2	0
Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	2.6	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	8.11	8	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	1	10.11	8	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	3.52	1	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	3.68	2	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	3.52	1	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	3.68	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	8.99	1	1
Pain, Breakthrough [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Shingles [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.6	1	0
Breakthrough Pain Acute pain that comes on rapidly despite the use of pain medication.	0	7.6	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	8.99	1	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	3.99	1	1
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	3.99	1	1
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	8.99	1	1
Exanthem [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	3.99	1	1
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	3.99	1	1
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	4.95	2	2
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	0	2.6	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	0	2.6	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	8.99	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	3.99	1	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	3.99	1	1
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	0	2.6	1	0
Anosmia Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of smell. Loss of smell may be caused by many factors such as a cold, allergy, OLFACTORY NERVE DISEASES, viral RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (e.g., COVID-19), aging and various neurological disorders (e.g., ALZHEIMER DISEASE).	0	7.6	1	0
Ageusia Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.	0	7.6	1	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	8.99	1	1
Hoarseness An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.	0	3.99	1	1
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	3.99	1	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.6	1	0
Aura [description not available]	0	3.59	1	1
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	3.59	1	1
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	3.59	1	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	3.59	1	1
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	3.55	2	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	3.55	2	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	0	2.25	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	2.25	1	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	2.25	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	2.25	1	0
Dissociation [description not available]	0	11.08	9	4
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	4.08	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	4.08	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	3.64	1	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	3.64	1	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	3.64	1	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	3.64	1	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	7.29	5	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	7.29	5	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.31	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.	0	3.33	1	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	2.31	1	0
Ulna Fractures Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.	0	2.31	1	0
Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS.	0	2.31	1	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	4.11	2	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	9.11	2	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	2.31	1	0
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available]	0	7.12	4	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	0	7.12	4	0
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.	0	4.99	2	1
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	11.57	16	16
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	0	11.57	16	16
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	2.31	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Phantom Limb Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30)	0	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.15	1	0
Brain Thrombosis [description not available]	0	3.59	1	1
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	0	2.21	1	0

esketamine

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