hydrochlorothiazide

Research Excerpts

Overview

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema associated with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The long action (>4 h) dosage form is lacking in the commercial market and development of modified-release formulation may have industrial significance.

Effects

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) has been suggested to induce photosensitivity, thereby increasing the incidence of skin cancers. HCTZ has been shown to reduce urine volume in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Actions

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) promotes sodium excretion, resulting in a reduction of plasma volume. Lisinopril tended to decrease whole blood viscosity at all shear rates.

Treatment

Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) produced a decline in fasting urinary Ca. Treatment was associated with hypokalemia, which was not present in losartan or indapamide treatment. Hydrochlorothsiazide treatment was slightly more effective than indomethacin treatment in reducing the urine volume and increasing the urine osmolality.

Toxicity

ClorOTIC is the first large-scale trial to evaluate whether the addition of a thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) to a loop diuret would improve blood pressure control.

Pharmacokinetics

hydrochlorothiazide's mean biological half-life (t1/2) and apparent volume of distribution (Vdarea) in normal subjects were found to vary greatly among 11 studies reported between 1976 and 1986. The synergistic antihypertensive pharmacodynamic interaction b was evaluated in a multicenter, multiple-dose, open-label, 4-cohort, parallel-group study.

Compound-Compound Interactions

The study is to investigate drug-drug interaction (DDI) between olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) The aim was to compare the time-effect profiles of a once-daily administration of valsartan and amlodipine.

Bioavailability

Experiments have been carried out in dogs and man to determine the effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol.

Dosage Studied

The 20 mg dosage of benazepril lowered blood pressure to a degree equal to that of 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide: -12. Irbesartan therapy at a dosage of 150300 mg was instituted as monotherapy. In terms of lofexidine, there was no evidence of any adverse interactions with hydrochlorothsiazide.