adefovir dipivoxil profile

Adefovir dipivoxil is a prodrug of adefovir, a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection. Adefovir dipivoxil is synthesized from a nucleoside analog, adefovir, which is then esterified with dipivaloyl chloride. The resulting prodrug is a lipid-soluble compound that is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Once absorbed, the prodrug is rapidly hydrolyzed to adefovir, which then inhibits the activity of HBV polymerase, an enzyme essential for viral replication. Adefovir dipivoxil is effective in suppressing HBV replication and reducing serum HBV DNA levels. It has also been shown to improve liver function and reduce the risk of liver disease progression. Adefovir dipivoxil is studied because of its potential to treat chronic hepatitis B infection, which is a serious and potentially fatal disease. It is also studied to understand its mechanisms of action and its potential side effects.'

bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	60871
CHEMBL ID	922
CHEBI ID	31175
SCHEMBL ID	29729
MeSH ID	M0278180

Synonym
AC-1693
AB01274706-01
bis(pom)pmea
9-(2-((-bis((pivaloyloxy)methoxy)phosphinyl)methoxy)ethyl)adenine
(((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphinylidene)bis(oxymethylene) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
gs 840
gs-0840 ,
hepsera
propanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, (((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphinylidene)bis(oxymethylene) ester
9-(2-((bis((pivaloyloxy)methoxy)phosphinyl)methoxy)ethyl)adenine
youheding
((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphonic acid, diester with hydroxymethyl pivalate
piv2pmea
adefovir depivoxil
preveon
gs-840
bis(pom)-pmea
gs 0840
adefovir dipivoxil ,
hepsera (tm)
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine
[2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)ethoxymethyl-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
142340-99-6
adefovir pivoxil
bis-pom pmea
adefovir di(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester
DB00718
D01655
adefovir pivoxil (jan)
adefovir dipivoxil (usan)
hepsera (tn)
NCGC00164624-01
CHEMBL922
AKOS005145737
2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid [2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)ethoxymethyl-[(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methoxy]phosphoryl]oxymethyl ester;adefovir dipivoxyl
A807894
9-[2-[bis(pivaloyloxymethoxy)phosphorylmethoxy]ethyl]adenine
cas-142340-99-6
dtxsid5046487 ,
dtxcid3026487
tox21_112243
BCP9000232
3-{[2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl}-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxido-7-oxo-2,4,6-trioxa-3lambda~5~-phosphanon-1-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
STL257088
MLS004774124
adefovir dipivoxyl
unii-u6q8z01514
adefovir dipivoxil [usan]
u6q8z01514 ,
adefovirdipivoxl
BCPP000434
MLS003915635
smr002530072
BCP0726000157
FT-0631164
NCGC00164624-03
AB07592
S1718
adefovir dipivoxil [who-dd]
adefovir dipivoxil [vandf]
adefovir dipivoxil [ema epar]
[[2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl]phosphonic acid, diester with hydroxymethyl pivalate
adefovir dipivoxil [orange book]
adefovir di(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester [mi]
adefovir pivoxil [jan]
adefovir dipivoxil [mart.]
HY-B0255
SCHEMBL29729
NCGC00164624-02
tox21_112243_1
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine
adefovir dipivoxil, antibiotic for culture media use only
Q-101927
((((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphoryl)bis(oxy))bis(methylene) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)
adefovir di(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester;bis(pom)pmea; gs-0840; piv2pmea;9-[2-(bis[(pivaloyloxy)-methoxy]phosphinylmethoxy)ethyl]adenine
HMS3604F09
AB01274706_02
mfcd00869897
9-(2[bis(pivaloyloxymethoxy)phosphorylmethoxy]ethyl)adenine
[({[2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl}({[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methoxy})phosphoryl)oxy]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
GS-3604
sr-01000931258
SR-01000931258-2
CHEBI:31175 ,
({[2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl}phosphoryl)bis(oxymethanediyl) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)
HMS3655I04
adefovir dipivoxil (preveon, hepsera)
SW219933-1
(((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphoryl)bis(oxy)bis(methylene) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)
bdbm50248359
BCP22959
BRD-K96159438-001-03-0
((((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphoryl)-bis(oxy))bis(methylene) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)
adefovir-dipivoxil
CCG-269700
NCGC00164624-11
adefovir dipivoxil 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
BA164139
adefovir dipivoxil- bio-x
Z1546616202
bis(2,2-dimethylpropanonyloxymethyl) (2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxymethyl)phosphate
adefovir dipivoxil (mart.)
(((2-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy)methyl)phosphoryl)bis(oxymethanediyl) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide analogue that is approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. "	( Denosumab improves clinical manifestations of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia by adefovir-induced Fanconi syndrome: a case report. Aso, Y; Iijima, T; Jojima, T; Kase, M; Kogai, T; Kunii, T; Sakurai, S; Shimizu, M; Usui, I, 2019)	1.96
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is an acyclic nucleotide phosphate analogue, currently used for anti-HBV therapy. "	( [Hypophosphatemia and chest pain related to adefovir dipivoxil treatment for chronic hepatitis B: report of two cases]. Chen, Y; Liu, Z, 2013)	2.09
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a nucleotide analogue that inhibits wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV) and lamivudine (LMV)-resistant HBV mutants. "	( [The efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy and the incidence of genotypic resistance to adefovir dipivoxil in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B infection]. Bae, JH; Cho, M; Heo, J; Kang, DH; Kim, GH; Moon, JH; Song, GA; Yoon, KT, 2008)	2.13
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a diester prodrug of the antiviral drug adefovir, with much greater oral bioavailability than adefovir. "	( Role of basolateral efflux transporter MRP4 in the intestinal absorption of the antiviral drug adefovir dipivoxil. Ming, X; Thakker, DR, 2010)	2.02
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is an oral bioavailable prodrug of adefovir that possesses potent in vitro activity against hepadnaviruses, retroviruses and herpes viruses. "	( Nephrotoxicity, including acquired Fanconi's syndrome, caused by adefovir dipivoxil - is there a safe dose? Ho, YY; Law, ST; Li, KK, 2012)	2.06
"Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV) is an important agent to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication with suboptimal effect on virological and serological response. "	( Optimization of adefovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B according to baseline predictors and on-treatment HBV DNA: a 5-year prospective study. Geng, da Y; Lu, B; Lu, H; Ma, LX; Shen, F; Zhang, JY, 2011)	1.81
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a nucleotide analogue with proven efficacy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)."	( Five years of treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in Chinese patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Barker, K; Daozhen, X; Dixon, J; Guangbi, Y; Hao, W; Hong, R; JinLin, H; Junqi, N; Minde, Z; Xiaqiu, Z; Yagang, C; Yaozong, W; Yimin, M; Youming, C; Yuming, W, 2012)	2.11
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a nucleotide anti-hepatitis B virus drug, which is able to effectively repress the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). "	( [Research on molecular mechanism of drug resistance of adefovir dipivoxil]. Dai, J; Tang, H, 2012)	2.07
"Adefovir dipivoxil (AD) is a bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) prodrug of adefovir with chemical stability problem. "	( Coformer selection based on degradation pathway of drugs: a case study of adefovir dipivoxil-saccharin and adefovir dipivoxil-nicotinamide cocrystals. Gao, J; Gao, Y; Kan, H; Liu, Z; Qian, S; Sun, W; Zhang, J; Zu, H, 2012)	2.05
"Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) is an oral prodrug of the nucleotide analogue adefovir. "	( Adefovir dipivoxil: a review of its use in chronic hepatitis B. Dando, T; Plosker, G, 2003)	3.2
"Adefovir dipivoxil is an oral prodrug of adefovir, a nucleotide analogue of adenosine monophosphate."	( [Application and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in hepatitis B virus-associated chronic liver diseases]. Cho, YK; Kim, BI, 2003)	1.33
"Adefovir dipivoxil is an acyclic nucleotide analogue that was developed in part to improve on the limitations of earlier therapies."	( Adefovir dipivoxil: a new antiviral agent for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Mattes, KA; Qaqish, RB; Ritchie, DJ, 2003)	2.48
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a clinically approved drug that can block the action of an anthrax toxin."	( Selective inhibition of anthrax edema factor by adefovir, a drug for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Bergson, P; Gibbs, CS; Shen, Y; Soelaiman, S; Tang, WJ; Wang, CR; Zhukovskaya, NL; Zimmer, MI, 2004)	1.04
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a novel nucleotide analog which, when given at 10 mg/day for 48 weeks, improved liver histology in 28% more patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB, and in 31% more patients with HBeAg-negative CHB compared with placebo (p < 0.001)."	( Adefovir dipivoxil in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Rivkin, AM, 2004)	2.49
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a new nucleotide analog derived from adenosin-monophosphate. "	( [Adefovir dipivoxil is a new drug for treatment of chronic hepatitis B]. Stránský, J, 2004)	2.68
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADF) is a novel acyclic nucleoside analogue that has recently been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). "	( Adefovir dipivoxil: review of a novel acyclic nucleoside analogue. Danta, M; Dusheiko, G, 2004)	3.21
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV) and lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants in vitro and in vivo. "	( Adefovir dipivoxil for treatment of breakthrough hepatitis caused by lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus. Akuta, N; Arase, Y; Hosaka, T; Ikeda, K; Kobayashi, M; Kumada, H; Saitoh, S; Sezaki, H; Someya, T; Suzuki, F; Suzuki, Y; Tsubota, A, 2004)	3.21
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a acyclic nucleotide phosphate analogue and known to have potent anti-HBV effect."	( [Therapeutic effect of adefovir dipivoxil on recurrent or de novo infection of hepatitis B virus after liver transplantation: a preliminary report]. Ahn, CS; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Kim, KH; Kim, KK; Lee, SG; Moon, DB, 2005)	1.36
"Adefovir dipivoxil (AD) is a nucleotide analogue of adenosine that has achieved significant results in virologic, biochemical, and clinical parameters in lamivudine-resistant HBV-infected patients."	( Adefovir dipivoxil therapy in liver transplant recipients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. Barrios Peinado, C; Cuervas-Mons Martínez, V; Herreros de Tejada Echanojáuregui, A; López Monclús, J; Lucena de la Poza, JL; Moreno Planas, JM; Portero Azorin, F; Revilla Negro, J; Rubio González, E; Sánchez Turrión, V, 2005)	2.49
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a potent nucleotide analogue against both the wild-type and lamivudine (LMV) resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). "	( Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil in lamivudine resistant chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil. Byun, KS; Chang, YJ; Chung, HJ; Hong, SP; Kim, JH; Kim, SO; Lee, CH; Moon, MS; Seo, YS; Yeon, JE; Yoo, W; Yu, SK, 2006)	2.14
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a nucleotide analogue that is known to be effective for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants as well as wild-type HBV. "	( Efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus genotype C infection. Cho, YS; Kim, DH; Kim, DY; Kim, HJ; Lee, CK; Park, BK; Park, IS; Suh, JH; Won, SY, 2007)	2.16
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide prodrug indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatitis B e antigen positive or hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B, lamivudine-resistant HBV infection, HBV infection pre- or post-liver transplantation, or HlV co-infection."	( Progress in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: long-term experience with adefovir dipivoxil. Delaney, WE, 2007)	1.29
"Adefovir dipivoxil is an analogue nucleotide recently approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis HBV-related. "	( [Recent advances in the treatment of the hepatitis HBV-related. Effectiveness and tolerability of adefovir dipivoxil]. Palumbo, E, 2007)	2
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide prodrug approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. "	( In vitro susceptibility of adefovir-associated hepatitis B virus polymerase mutations to other antiviral agents. Delaney, WE; Miller, M; Qi, X; Xiong, S; Yang, H, 2007)	1.78
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a safe, effective treatment option for post-transplant HBV recurrence even among patients with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis caused by lamivudine-resistant HBV."	( Adefovir dipivoxil therapy in liver transplant recipients for recurrence of hepatitis B virus infection despite lamivudine plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis. Akyildiz, M; Aydin, U; Karasu, Z; Kilic, M; Ozacar, T; Zeytunlu, M, 2007)	3.23
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a licensed treatment for chronic hepatitis B in adults."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Dhawan, A; Frederick, D; Kelly, D; Mizerski, J; Sokal, EM; Wirth, S, 2008)	1.34
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a novel nucleotide analogue with several promising in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) characteristics. "	( The safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy, in HIV-infected adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cherrington, JM; Collier, A; Deeks, SG; Drew, WL; Hellmann, N; Jaffe, HS; Kahn, J; Lalezari, J; Lamy, PD; Li, W; Mulato, AS; Pavia, A; Rodrigue, D; Toole, J, 1997)	2.04
"Adefovir dipivoxil is an ester prodrug of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor adefovir (PMEA), the prototype compound of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. "	( Adefovir dipivoxil. Goa, KL; Noble, S, 1999)	3.19
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide analog that has demonstrated effective antiretroviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with once-daily administration."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil with antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Basgoz, N; Beall, G; Cherng, D; Cherrington, J; Coakley, D; Cooper, R; Deeks, S; Hardy, D; Kahn, J; Lagakos, S; Miller, M; Murphy, R; Ng, E; Toole, JJ; Winslow, D; Wulfsohn, M, )	1.88
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a prodrug of adefovir designed to enhance its oral bioavailability."	( Antiviral efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral adefovir dipivoxil in chronically woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks. Brown, C; Cullen, JM; Cundy, KC; Eisenberg, EJ; Gibbs, C; Li, DH; Toole, J; Wolfe, J, 2001)	1.29

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has demonstrated activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). "	( Suboptimal response to adefovir dipivoxil therapy for chronic hepatitis B in nucleoside-naive patients is not due to pre-existing drug-resistant mutants. Carrouée-Durantel, S; Durantel, D; Naesens, L; Neyts, J; Pichoud, C; Trépo, C; Werle-Lapostolle, B; Zoulim, F, 2008)	2.1
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has shown its efficacy for treating 3TC-resistant (3TC-R) HBV in HIV-coinfected patients."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil plus pegylated interferon-alpha2a for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected patients. Benhamou, Y; Dominguez, S; Duvivier, C; Ingiliz, P; Katlama, C; Poynard, T; Thibault, V; Valantin, MA, 2008)	1.38
"Adefovir dipivoxil has activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is frequently used to manage HBV infection in transplant recipients. "	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus co-administered with adefovir dipivoxil to liver transplant recipients. Brown, RS; Enejosa, J; McGuire, BM; Ramanathan, S; Schiff, E; Terrault, NA; Tran, TT; Tupper, R; Zhong, L; Zong, J, 2009)	2.05
"Adefovir dipivoxil treatment has significantly improved the outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. "	( Th1 and Th2 immune response in chronic hepatitis B patients during a long-term treatment with adefovir dipivoxil. Hao, C; Jiang, Y; Li, W; Ma, Z; Niu, J; Xin, G; Xu, H; Yan, H; Zhao, P, 2010)	2.02
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has demonstrated clinical activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV, but it is unclear whether resistance mutations will emerge after long-term therapy with this drug."	( Resistance surveillance in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil for up to 60 weeks. Brosgart, C; Delaney, WE; Fry, J; Gibbs, CS; Heathcote, EJ; Ho, V; Miller, MD; Westland, CE; Xiong, S; Yang, H, 2002)	1.27
"Adefovir dipivoxil has also shown efficacy in noncomparative trials in patients with decompensated liver disease, patients co-infected with HIV and patients pre- or post-liver transplantation."	( Adefovir dipivoxil: a review of its use in chronic hepatitis B. Dando, T; Plosker, G, 2003)	2.48
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has demonstrated efficacy in patients with lamivudine resistance, but there is limited clinical experience in patients with either renal transplants or severe renal insufficiency."	( Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in a renal transplant patient with renal insufficiency and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B infection. Ceballos, M; Diaz, F; Garcia, A; Garcia, T; González, P; Mazuecos, A; Rivero, M, 2005)	1.4
"Adefovir dipivoxil has satisfied efficacy and safety in treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine treatment."	( [Adefovir dipivoxil in treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with YMDD mutation]. Su, GG; Ying, MF; Zhao, NF; Zhou, Y, 2005)	2.68
"Adefovir dipivoxil has become a standard therapy for HBV infections, especially when resistant to lamivudine."	( Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: past, present and future. Bridging chemistry to HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, adeno-, herpes-, and poxvirus infections: the phosphonate bridge. De Clercq, E, 2007)	1.06
"Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has demonstrated clinical activity against both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). "	( Evolution of viral load and changes of polymerase and precore/core promoter sequences in lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus during adefovir therapy. Bae, SH; Chang, UI; Choi, JY; Jang, JW; Lee, YC; Sun, HS; Wie, SH; Yang, JM; Yoon, SK, 2007)	1.78
"Adefovir dipivoxil has recently been reported to be a potent and highly effective inhibitor of HBV replication in both wild-type and lamivudine resistant HBV infection."	( Successful treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in a patient with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis and lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus. Alexander, GJ; Bloor, S; Lamy, P; Walsh, KM; Wight, DG; Woodall, T, 2001)	1.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Adefovir dipivoxil can enhance HBV specific cellular immunity of CHB patients. "	( [Relationship between HBeAg seroconversion with genotypes and HBV specific CTL in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with Adefovir dipivoxil]. Gu, XB; Pan, JQ; Tan, YF; Tang, JM; Wang, XC; Wu, YT; Yang, ZX; Zhao, YP; Zhou, YL, 2011)	2.02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Adefovir dipivoxil treatment leads to higher HBeAg seroconversion rates than placebo. "	( HBV DNA level as an important determinant of E antigen seroconversion of chronic hepatitis B during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Chang, CK; Chang, TT; Cheng, PN; Chou, AL; Liu, WC; Tseng, KC; Wu, IC, )	1.79
"Adefovir dipivoxil treatment has significantly improved the outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. "	( Th1 and Th2 immune response in chronic hepatitis B patients during a long-term treatment with adefovir dipivoxil. Hao, C; Jiang, Y; Li, W; Ma, Z; Niu, J; Xin, G; Xu, H; Yan, H; Zhao, P, 2010)	2.02
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) increases the rate of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) loss; however, the immune mechanisms associated with this treatment response are not understood."	( Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity. Andreone, P; Brosgart, CL; Chokshi, S; Cooksley, H; Frederick, D; Gilson, R; Maayan, Y; Naoumov, NV; Neumann, AU; Paganin, S; Warnes, T; Wedemeyer, H; Zoulim, F, 2008)	0.95
"Treated with adefovir dipivoxil antiviral therapy, and mesured the setologic indicators after 12 weeks, 24 weeks,36 weeks and 48 weeks."	( [The clinical significance of hepatitis B virus large surface protein in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatitis B]. Chen, W; Sun, Q; Xie, FY, 2013)	0.74
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil reduced the frequency of CD4(+)CXCR5(+) TFH, PD-1(+)CD4(+)CXCR5(+) TFH cells and the concentrations of HBsAg and HBeAg, but increased the concentrations of HBsAb, HBeAb, IL-2 and IFN-γ in IA patients."	( High frequency of CD4+ CXCR5+ TFH cells in patients with immune-active chronic hepatitis B. Feng, J; Hua, C; Jiang, Y; Li, W; Lu, L; Qin, L; Shi, X; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Zhao, P, 2011)	0.71
"Treatment with Adefovir dipivoxil is a long term treatment (48 weeks), it is well tolerated, and side effects are moderate and reversible."	( [Adefovir dipivoxil is a new drug for treatment of chronic hepatitis B]. Stránský, J, 2004)	1.57
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil showed similar antiviral efficacy in patients with lamivudine-resistant virus from all four patterns."	( Activity of adefovir dipivoxil against all patterns of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B viruses in patients. Brosgart, CL; Delaney, WE; Fry, J; Gibbs, CS; Lama, N; Miller, MD; Schiff, ER; Westland, CE; Wulfsohn, M; Xiong, S; Yang, H, 2005)	1.05
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for 48 weeks resulted in histologic, virologic, and biochemical improvement in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B. "	( Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Arterburn, S; Brosgart, CL; Chang, TT; Currie, G; Goodman, Z; Hadziyannis, SJ; Heathcote, EJ; Kitis, G; Lim, SG; Ma, J; Marcellin, P; Rizzetto, M; Tassopoulos, NC; Xiong, S, 2005)	0.99
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil resulted in a median decrease in serum HBV DNA of 3.47 log copies per milliliter (on a base-10 scale) at 96 weeks and 3.63 log copies per milliliter at 144 weeks. "	( Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Arterburn, S; Brosgart, CL; Chang, TT; Currie, G; Goodman, Z; Hadziyannis, SJ; Heathcote, EJ; Kitis, G; Lim, SG; Ma, J; Marcellin, P; Rizzetto, M; Tassopoulos, NC; Xiong, S, 2005)	0.99
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for 144 weeks was well tolerated and resulted in significant and sustained reductions in HBV DNA and ALT in HIV/HBV co-infected patients. "	( Safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in patients infected with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B and HIV-1. Benhamou, Y; Biao, L; Brosgart, C; Calvez, V; Chang, CG; Currie, G; Fievet, MH; Marcelin, AG; Poynard, T; Thibault, V; Vig, P; Xiong, S, 2006)	1
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for 48 weeks resulted in clinical improvement in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B that was lost when treatment was discontinued. "	( Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years. Arterburn, S; Borroto-Esoda, K; Brosgart, CL; Chang, TT; Chuck, SL; Goodman, Z; Hadziyannis, SJ; Heathcote, EJ; Kitis, G; Lim, SG; Ma, J; Marcellin, P; Rizzetto, M; Tassopoulos, NC, 2006)	1
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for up to 240 weeks was well tolerated and produced significant, increasing improvement in hepatic fibrosis, durable suppression of HBV replication, normalization of liver enzymes, and delayed development of resistance."	( Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years. Arterburn, S; Borroto-Esoda, K; Brosgart, CL; Chang, TT; Chuck, SL; Goodman, Z; Hadziyannis, SJ; Heathcote, EJ; Kitis, G; Lim, SG; Ma, J; Marcellin, P; Rizzetto, M; Tassopoulos, NC, 2006)	1
"Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for 2 years in mono-therapy in patient who are previously non-responders to lavimudine is associated with a high biochemical and virologycal response with an excellent safety. "	( [Adefovir dipivoxil compassionate use program in Spain: efficacy and resistance analysis]. Buti, M; Calleja, JL; Carnicer, F; Casanovas, T; Crespo, J; Enríquez, J; Esteban, R; García Bengoechea, M; García Samaniego, J; Jardí, R; Miras, M; Pérez Roldán, F; Pons, F; Prieto, M; Rodríguez Frías, F; Romero, M; Rueda, M, 2007)	1.6

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Gastrointestinal complaints and reversible liver transaminase elevations were the most frequently noted adverse events."	( Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil (9-[2-(bis-pivaloyloxymethyl)-phosphonylmethoxyethyl]adenine) in HIV-infected patients. Barditch-Crovo, P; Cundy, KC; Ebeling, D; Hendrix, CW; Jaffe, HS; Lietman, PS; Toole, J, 1997)	0.52
" Adefovir dipivoxil was determined to be safe and well-tolerated when administered for 12 weeks."	( The safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy, in HIV-infected adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cherrington, JM; Collier, A; Deeks, SG; Drew, WL; Hellmann, N; Jaffe, HS; Kahn, J; Lalezari, J; Lamy, PD; Li, W; Mulato, AS; Pavia, A; Rodrigue, D; Toole, J, 1997)	1.5
"Changes in HIV RNA from baseline, based on area under the curve and CD4+ cell levels, adverse events, and effect of baseline genotypic resistance on response to adefovir."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil with antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Basgoz, N; Beall, G; Cherng, D; Cherrington, J; Coakley, D; Cooper, R; Deeks, S; Hardy, D; Kahn, J; Lagakos, S; Miller, M; Murphy, R; Ng, E; Toole, JJ; Winslow, D; Wulfsohn, M, )	0.44
" Patients were monitored for adverse effects."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of the oral antiviral compound adefovir dipivoxil in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Pediatrics AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Blanchard, S; Burchett, S; Coakley, DF; Culnane, M; Cundy, KC; Fridland, A; Hughes, WT; Purdue, L; Read, JS; Rodman, JH; Shenep, JL; Willoughby, R; Zimmer, B, 2000)	0.54
"Four patients withdrew from the study (two because of adverse events), leaving 31 patients who received adefovir dipivoxil for a median of 48 weeks (range 44-48)."	( Safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in patients co-infected with HIV-1 and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus: an open-label pilot study. Benhamou, Y; Bochet, M; Brosgart, C; Calvez, V; Fievet, MH; Fry, J; Gibbs, CS; Katlama, C; Namini, H; Poynard, T; Thibault, V; Vig, P, 2001)	0.84
"These results suggest that adefovir dipivoxil would be an effective and safe treatment for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis with lamivudine resistance, but its effect might be limited and slower for decompensated cirrhosis."	( [Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis with Lamivudine resistance compared to patients with compensated liver disease]. Choi, MS; Koh, KC; Lee, JH; Moon, W; Moon, YM; Paik, SW; Rhee, JC; Shim, SG; Yoo, BC, 2005)	0.93
" No serious adverse events related to adefovir dipivoxil occurred during the study, and HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ cell counts were stable."	( Safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in patients infected with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B and HIV-1. Benhamou, Y; Biao, L; Brosgart, C; Calvez, V; Chang, CG; Currie, G; Fievet, MH; Marcelin, AG; Poynard, T; Thibault, V; Vig, P; Xiong, S, 2006)	0.92
" There were no significant clinical and biochemical adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in kidney recipients, hemodialysis patients, and patients with renal insufficiency. Brosgart, C; Chaix, ML; Currie, G; Fontaine, H; Morales, E; Nalpas, B; Pol, S; Serpaggi, J; Vallet-Pichard, A; Varaut, A; Verkarre, V, 2005)	0.64
"Adefovir dipivoxil is safe for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction and lamivudine-resistant HBV and results in biochemical and virological efficacy similar to that reported in the general population."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in kidney recipients, hemodialysis patients, and patients with renal insufficiency. Brosgart, C; Chaix, ML; Currie, G; Fontaine, H; Morales, E; Nalpas, B; Pol, S; Serpaggi, J; Vallet-Pichard, A; Varaut, A; Verkarre, V, 2005)	2.08
" Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of adefovir treatment in post-liver transplantation patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV, neither were adefovir-resistant mutations identified in patients after 21 months of therapy, nor were there adverse events, especially renal toxicity."	( Study on the efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil treatment in post-liver transplant patients with hepatitis B virus infection and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. Avilés, JF; Bárcena, R; Barrios, C; Buti, M; Casanovas, T; Cuervas, V; De la Mata, M; Del Campo, S; Delgado, M; Dieguez, ML; Fraga, E; Gonzalez, A; Herrero, JI; Loinaz, C; Mas, A; Moraleda, G; Moreno, JM; Muñoz, R; Otero, A; Prieto, M; Rueda, M; Sousa, JM, 2005)	0.6
"No significant changes were found in clinical symptoms, vital signs and laboratory tests after dosing, except slight elevations of alanine aminotransferase in 2 subjects and bilirubin in 6 subjects observed and some gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea found in 3 subjects, but the frequency and severity of all the adverse reactions were not found to be related to the dosages."	( [Safety and tolerance study of single oral dose of adefovir dipivoxil tablets in healthy volunteers]. Fan, XP; Guo, RC; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS; Wang, K, 2005)	0.58
"The results showed that single oral dose of adefovir dipivoxil 60 mg or less was safe and tolerable."	( [Safety and tolerance study of single oral dose of adefovir dipivoxil tablets in healthy volunteers]. Fan, XP; Guo, RC; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS; Wang, K, 2005)	0.84
" Safety and tolerance were evaluated by monitoring adverse events and laboratory parameters, and pharmacokinetics were assessed by determining PMEA concentrations with a validated LC-MS/MS method."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil in healthy Chinese subjects. Guo, RC; Ni, MY; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS, 2007)	0.58
"No serious adverse events occurred."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil in healthy Chinese subjects. Guo, RC; Ni, MY; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS, 2007)	0.58
"ADV is safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil in healthy Chinese subjects. Guo, RC; Ni, MY; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS, 2007)	0.58
"These results suggest: (i) that suboptimal responses to adefovir 10 mg daily are due to underdosing; and (ii) that increasing the adefovir dose to 20 mg daily is beneficial and safe in patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV and a suboptimal response to adefovir 10 mg daily, especially when alanine aminotransferase levels are elevated and/or the liver disease is severe or rapidly progressive."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil 20 mg daily in HBeAg-positive patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus and a suboptimal virological response to adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg daily. Bouvier-Alias, M; Brillet, R; Chevaliez, S; Dhumeaux, D; Hézode, C; Pawlotsky, JM; Roudot-Thoraval, F; Zafrani, ES, 2007)	0.65
" Treatment-related adverse events were reported for 12% of ADV-treated and 10% of placebo-treated subjects."	( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil in children and adolescents (age 2 to <18 years) with chronic hepatitis B. Frederick, D; Jonas, MM; Kelly, D; Mizerski, J; Mondou, E; Pollack, H; Rousseau, F; Sokal, E; Sorbel, J, 2008)	0.61
" There were no serious adverse events related to ADV."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Arterburn, S; Borroto-Esoda, K; Chang, TT; Frederick, D; Lim, SG; Marcellin, P; Rousseau, F; Sievert, W; Tong, M, 2008)	0.63
" One stopped IFN treatment because of adverse events and continued ADV only."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil plus pegylated interferon-alpha2a for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected patients. Benhamou, Y; Dominguez, S; Duvivier, C; Ingiliz, P; Katlama, C; Poynard, T; Thibault, V; Valantin, MA, 2008)	0.66
"ADV and PEG-IFN is safe and effective for treating 3TC-R HBV in HIV patients."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil plus pegylated interferon-alpha2a for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected patients. Benhamou, Y; Dominguez, S; Duvivier, C; Ingiliz, P; Katlama, C; Poynard, T; Thibault, V; Valantin, MA, 2008)	0.66
" In most patients, NUC need to be administered on a long-term basis, thus increasing the risk of adverse effects."	( Drug safety evaluation of adefovir in HBV infection. Colombo, M; Lampertico, P; Viganò, M, 2011)	0.37
" Although, in short-term clinical trials, a daily dose of 10 mg of ADV was safe owing to a low rate of negligible nephrotoxic effects, the same dose may be associated with a usually reversible, proximal renal tubular toxicity as reflected by hypophosphatemia and elevated creatinine levels."	( Drug safety evaluation of adefovir in HBV infection. Colombo, M; Lampertico, P; Viganò, M, 2011)	0.37
" ADV was safe and well-tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of long-term adefovir dipivoxil therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B infection. Frederick, D; Jonas, MM; Kelly, D; Mizerski, J; Mondou, E; Pollack, H; Rousseau, F; Sokal, E; Sorbel, J, 2012)	0.66
"Prolonged ADV treatment is safe in children."	( Efficacy and safety of long-term adefovir dipivoxil therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B infection. Frederick, D; Jonas, MM; Kelly, D; Mizerski, J; Mondou, E; Pollack, H; Rousseau, F; Sokal, E; Sorbel, J, 2012)	0.66
" The incidence rates of adverse events between two groups were not statistically significant."	( [The clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of senior patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Cai, SP; Fan, ZP; He, WP; Ji, YJ; Zhang, WJ, 2011)	0.64
"No significant adverse effects, including body weight loss, abnormal blood or biochemistry, were observed in rats treated with AZT or ADV."	( [Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity induced by zidovudine and adefovir dipivoxil in rats]. Feng, XM; Huang, SM; Li, AY; Wang, BJ; Wang, JZ; Yang, DL; Zhu, B; Zhu, ZN, 2012)	0.62
"Significant adverse effects related to mitochondrial toxicity were observed in rats treated with AZT."	( [Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity induced by zidovudine and adefovir dipivoxil in rats]. Feng, XM; Huang, SM; Li, AY; Wang, BJ; Wang, JZ; Yang, DL; Zhu, B; Zhu, ZN, 2012)	0.62
"To investigate 3-year antiviral efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) on the old patients with hepatitis B chronic infection."	( [Three-year efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of the old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection]. Lou, GQ; Lu, L; Qian, JC; Shi, JP; Yan, FL; Zhu, MF, 2012)	0.89
"The way to treat with ADV is safe and effective for old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection."	( [Three-year efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of the old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection]. Lou, GQ; Lu, L; Qian, JC; Shi, JP; Yan, FL; Zhu, MF, 2012)	0.65
" No adverse effects were observed by HB-110 cotreated with ADV."	( Safety and immunogenicity of therapeutic DNA vaccine with antiviral drug in chronic HBV patients and its immunogenicity in mice. Bae, SH; Im, SJ; Jang, JW; Jeong, SH; Kim, BM; Kim, CY; Seo, YB; Song, JS; Song, MJ; Suh, YS; Sung, YC; Yang, SH; Yoon, SK; You, CR, 2015)	0.42
"HB-110 was safe and tolerable in CHB patients."	( Safety and immunogenicity of therapeutic DNA vaccine with antiviral drug in chronic HBV patients and its immunogenicity in mice. Bae, SH; Im, SJ; Jang, JW; Jeong, SH; Kim, BM; Kim, CY; Seo, YB; Song, JS; Song, MJ; Suh, YS; Sung, YC; Yang, SH; Yoon, SK; You, CR, 2015)	0.42
" At treatment weeks 12, 24, 48?, 96, 144, 192, and 240 patients were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBeAg seroconversion and ALT normalization time; in addition, the incidence and type of adverse drug reactions were recorded."	( [Long-term efficacy and safety of telbivudine as monotherapy and as combination therapy with adefovir dipivoxil in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients]. Chang, L; Du, Y; Jia, T; Li, H; Li, W; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Peng, D, 2014)	0.62
" In the period between Year 8 and Year 10, the safety profile of TDF was similar to previous reports, with few patients experiencing renal- or bone-related adverse events."	( Ten-year efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Buggisch, P; Buti, M; Cathcart, AL; Crans, G; Flaherty, J; Flisiak, R; Gaggar, A; Jump, B; Kaita, K; Krastev, Z; Lee, SS; Manns, M; Marcellin, P; Op den Brouw, M; Petersen, J; Sievert, W; Wong, DK, 2019)	0.51
" However, less attention has been put on their adverse events."	( Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis for Assessing Adverse Effects of Anti-hepatitis B Drugs. Ji, J; Jia, Y; Shen, Y; Xun, P; Zhou, J, 2019)	0.51
" Poisson-prior-based Bayesian NMA was performed to synthesize both direct and indirect evidence with reporting hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) for serious adverse events (SAEs) and hepatic/renal impairments."	( Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis for Assessing Adverse Effects of Anti-hepatitis B Drugs. Ji, J; Jia, Y; Shen, Y; Xun, P; Zhou, J, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic experiments with mice showed that the oral bioavailabilities of PMEA following oral gavage of bis(POM)-PMEA, diphenyl-PMEA, or PMEA (at a dose equivalent to 50 mg of PMEA per kg) were 53,3, and 16%, respectively."	( Antiretroviral activity and pharmacokinetics in mice of oral bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, the bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester prodrug of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Balzarini, J; Bischofberger, N; De Clercq, E; Naesens, L, 1996)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic parameters differed by patient age."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of the oral antiviral compound adefovir dipivoxil in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Pediatrics AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Blanchard, S; Burchett, S; Coakley, DF; Culnane, M; Cundy, KC; Fridland, A; Hughes, WT; Purdue, L; Read, JS; Rodman, JH; Shenep, JL; Willoughby, R; Zimmer, B, 2000)	0.54
" Nine and 10 healthy males were enrolled for a single-dose pharmacokinetic profile and assessment of the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir (PMEA), respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil in healthy Chinese subjects. Guo, RC; Ni, MY; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS, 2007)	0.58
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of PMEA following ADV 10, 20 and 40 mg were: geometric mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] for AUC(0-24 h) 227 (205, 253), 423 (361, 506) and 686 (585, 828) microg l(-1) h, C(max) 23."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil in healthy Chinese subjects. Guo, RC; Ni, MY; Sun, DQ; Wang, BJ; Wang, HS, 2007)	0.58
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses utilized non-compartmental methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus co-administered with adefovir dipivoxil to liver transplant recipients. Brown, RS; Enejosa, J; McGuire, BM; Ramanathan, S; Schiff, E; Terrault, NA; Tran, TT; Tupper, R; Zhong, L; Zong, J, 2009)	0.6
"The median elimination half-life of tacrolimus was 14."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus co-administered with adefovir dipivoxil to liver transplant recipients. Brown, RS; Enejosa, J; McGuire, BM; Ramanathan, S; Schiff, E; Terrault, NA; Tran, TT; Tupper, R; Zhong, L; Zong, J, 2009)	0.6
" Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies were performed in mice to evaluate in vivo fate of the formulations."	( Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanosuspension of adefovir dipivoxil for bioavailability improvement: formulation, characterization, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. Chavhan, S; Dodiya, S; Korde, A; Sawant, KK, 2013)	0.65
"This study compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of an FDC capsule containing lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil 100/10 mg and conventional lamivudine 100-mg + adefovir dipivoxil 10-mg tablets to determine bioequivalence."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of single-dose lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil fixed-dose combination in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Chan, JC; Chen, S; Chu, TT; Fok, BS; Gardner, S; Piscitelli, S; Tomlinson, B, 2013)	0.86
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of lamivudine and adefovir were similar between the FDC and reference formulations."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of single-dose lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil fixed-dose combination in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Chan, JC; Chen, S; Chu, TT; Fok, BS; Gardner, S; Piscitelli, S; Tomlinson, B, 2013)	0.64
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model of adefovir dipivoxil in healthy volunteers and evaluate the effect of individual factors on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil."	( Population pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. He, Y; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, L; Li, Y; Lv, Y; Wang, K; Yang, J; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q, 2014)	0.94
" The final pharmacokinetic model was evaluated using a bootstrap method."	( Population pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. He, Y; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, L; Li, Y; Lv, Y; Wang, K; Yang, J; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q, 2014)	0.69
" Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of formula F9 showed a higher accumulation of AD in the liver with enhanced bioavailability compared to AD suspension which highlights its potential advantage for an effective treatment of chronic HBV."	( Adefovir dipivoxil loaded proliposomal powders with improved hepatoprotective activity: formulation, optimization, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution studies. Abdelbary, GA; Amin, MM; El Awdan, SA; Zakaria, MY, 2018)	1.92

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This study assessed the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil alone and in combination with lamivudine compared with ongoing lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver disease and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV)."	( Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. Bourliere, M; Brosgart, CL; Buggisch, P; Ebrahimi, R; Gray Df, Df; Hann Hw, Hw; Heathcote, EJ; Kleber, K; Kowdley, K; Martin, P; Peters, MG; Rubin, R; Sullivan, M; Trepo, C; Xiong, S, 2004)	2.02
"These data, limited to patients with compensated liver disease, indicate that adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with ongoing lamivudine therapy provides effective antiviral therapy in patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV."	( Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. Bourliere, M; Brosgart, CL; Buggisch, P; Ebrahimi, R; Gray Df, Df; Hann Hw, Hw; Heathcote, EJ; Kleber, K; Kowdley, K; Martin, P; Peters, MG; Rubin, R; Sullivan, M; Trepo, C; Xiong, S, 2004)	1.99
" Combination with lamivudine showed no additional benefit over monotherapy during 24 weeks of treatment in these patients."	( Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with ongoing lamivudine in patients with decompensated liver disease and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. Choi, WB; Chung, YH; Kim, KM; Lee, HC; Lee, YS; Lim, YS; Suh, DJ, 2005)	1.77
"Two phase I studies were conducted to assess the plasma pharmacokinetics of telbivudine and potential drug-drug interactions between telbivudine (200 or 600 mg/day) and lamivudine (100 mg/day) or adefovir dipivoxil (10 mg/day) in healthy subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics of telbivudine in healthy subjects and absence of drug interaction with lamivudine or adefovir dipivoxil. Brown, NA; Chao, GC; Fielman, BA; Lloyd, DM; Zhou, XJ, 2006)	0.74
"A prospective cohort study on therapy with adefovir alone (29 patients) or combined with ongoing lamivudine (23 patients) was performed."	( Lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B: an observational study on adefovir in monotherapy or in combination with lamivudine. Alessandria, C; Barbon, V; Carenzi, S; Gaia, S; Lagget, M; Marzano, A; Olivero, A; Rizzetto, M; Smedile, A, 2008)	0.35
" These mt-QSARs offer also a good opportunity to construct drug-drug Complex Networks (CNs) that can be used to explore large and complex drug-viral species databases."	( Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks. Chou, KC; González-Díaz, H; Martinez de la Vega, O; Prado-Prado, FJ; Ubeira, FM; Uriarte, E, 2009)	0.35
"To analyze the efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil combined with bicyclol in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB)."	( [The analyse of effectiveness in HBeAg-positive chronic viral hepatitis B treated by adefovir dipivoxil combined with bicyclol]. Sheng, JF; Xiang, DR, 2009)	0.87
"Randomised clinical trials addressing benefits and harms of lamivudine or adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIg) for preventing recurrent HBV infection in patients who are liver transplanted due to HBV infection with or without hepatocellular carcinoma."	( Lamivudine or adefovir dipivoxil alone or combined with immunoglobulin for preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation. Guy, DG; Katz, LH; Paul, M; Tur-Kaspa, R, 2010)	0.95
"To investigate the levels of HBsAg in predicting the efficacy of peglated interferon-alpha 2a combined with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients."	( [The levels of HBsAg can predict the efficacy of peglated interferon-alpha 2a combined with adefovir dipivoxil, in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients]. Cao, H; Li, G; Sun, HX; Xu, QH; Yang, XA; Zhang, K, 2011)	0.8
"To study the changes of experimental markers of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated by Dahuang Zhechong Wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil."	( [Experimental study on effect of dahuang zhechong wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil in preventing hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Chang, Y; Zhang, L, 2012)	0.81
" The treatment group (50 cases) was orally given 10 mg of adefovir dipivoxil once a day, 1 Wan each time, combined with Dahuang Zhechong Wan, 3 times a day, 1 Wan each time."	( [Experimental study on effect of dahuang zhechong wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil in preventing hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Chang, Y; Zhang, L, 2012)	0.86
"Dahuang Zhechong Wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil could prevent hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B, reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis, improve life quality and prognosis."	( [Experimental study on effect of dahuang zhechong wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil in preventing hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Chang, Y; Zhang, L, 2012)	0.89
"To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in seniors."	( [The clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of senior patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Cai, SP; Fan, ZP; He, WP; Ji, YJ; Zhang, WJ, 2011)	0.89
"It suggested that the treatment of ADV in combination with bicyclol for senior patients with CHB is effective and safe."	( [The clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of senior patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Cai, SP; Fan, ZP; He, WP; Ji, YJ; Zhang, WJ, 2011)	0.64
"To observe the efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) in combination with Anluohuaxian capsule in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients."	( [The therapeutic effect of Anluohuaxian capsule combined with adefovir dipivoxil on patients with chronic hepatitis B and influence on hepatic histology]. Gong, GZ; He, B; Jiang, YF; Li, NP; Ma, J; Tang, W, 2012)	0.92
" 36 cases of treatment group were given ADV combined with Anluohuaxian capsule for 48 weeks."	( [The therapeutic effect of Anluohuaxian capsule combined with adefovir dipivoxil on patients with chronic hepatitis B and influence on hepatic histology]. Gong, GZ; He, B; Jiang, YF; Li, NP; Ma, J; Tang, W, 2012)	0.62
"The results show that the treatment with ADV in combination with Anluohuaxian capsule can play promoting antifibrotic effect and significant improved liver histology of chronic hepatitis B patients."	( [The therapeutic effect of Anluohuaxian capsule combined with adefovir dipivoxil on patients with chronic hepatitis B and influence on hepatic histology]. Gong, GZ; He, B; Jiang, YF; Li, NP; Ma, J; Tang, W, 2012)	0.62
"To investigate the treatment efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil combined with a corticosteroid on hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN)."	( Efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil combined with a corticosteroid in 38 cases of nephrotic syndrome induced by hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Li, H; Qiu, L; Xiao, P; Yuan, X; Zhou, Q, 2014)	1.05
"Adefovir dipivoxil combined with corticosteroids has a certain efficacy on the HBV-GN and displays few adverse reactions."	( Efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil combined with a corticosteroid in 38 cases of nephrotic syndrome induced by hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Li, H; Qiu, L; Xiao, P; Yuan, X; Zhou, Q, 2014)	2.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The bioavailability of PMEA from three oral formulations of the prodrug bis(POM)-PMEA has been evaluated in fasted male cynomolgus monkeys."	( Oral bioavailability of the antiretroviral agent 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) from three formulations of the prodrug bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-PMEA in fasted male cynomolgus monkeys. Cundy, KC; Fishback, JA; Lee, ML; Lee, WA; Shaw, JP; Soike, KF; Visor, GC, 1994)	0.29
"A series of phosphonate prodrugs were evaluated in an attempt to increase the oral bioavailability of the anti-HIV agent 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA; 1)."	( Synthesis, oral bioavailability determination, and in vitro evaluation of prodrugs of the antiviral agent 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). Hitchcock, MJ; Mansuri, MM; Martin, JC; Russell, J; Starrett, JE; Tortolani, DR; Whiterock, V, 1994)	0.29
", bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-PMEA [bis(POM)-PMEA] and diphenyl-PMEA, have been synthesized in an attempt to increase the oral bioavailability of this broad-spectrum antiviral agent."	( Antiretroviral activity and pharmacokinetics in mice of oral bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, the bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester prodrug of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Balzarini, J; Bischofberger, N; De Clercq, E; Naesens, L, 1996)	0.29
"A new series of hitherto unknown 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) phosphonodiester derivatives incorporating carboxyesterase-labile S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) moieties as transient phosphonate-protecting groups was prepared in an attempt to increase the oral bioavailability of the antiviral agent PMEA."	( Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability. Aubertin, AM; Benzaria, S; Gosselin, G; Imbach, JL; Johnson, R; Maury, G; Obert, G; Pélicano, H, 1996)	0.29
"The effect of formulation on oral bioavailability of the antiviral nucleotide analogue adefovir from the prodrug adefovir dipivoxil was examined in beagle dogs."	( Oral formulations of adefovir dipivoxil: in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability in dogs. Cundy, KC; Lee, WA; Marshburn, J; Nakamura, C; Shaw, JP; Sue, IL; Visor, GC, 1997)	0.83
"Adefovir dipivoxil [bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-ester prodrug], an orally bioavailable prodrug of adefovir [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine], is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."	( Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants isolated from AIDS patients after prolonged adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Anton, KE; Cherrington, JM; Hellmann, NS; Lamy, PD; Li, WX; Miller, MD; Mulato, AS, 1998)	1.95
" It has better oral bioavailability than the parent compound."	( Adefovir dipivoxil. Goa, KL; Noble, S, 1999)	1.75
" Valganciclovir, a prodrug of ganciclovir, offers excellent oral bioavailability and is the closest to approval of all the new anti-CMV drugs."	( Therapeutic developments in cytomegalovirus retinitis. Hoffman, VF; Skiest, DJ, 2000)	0.31
"2 h, and the oral bioavailability of adefovir was estimated to be 22."	( Antiviral efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral adefovir dipivoxil in chronically woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks. Brown, C; Cullen, JM; Cundy, KC; Eisenberg, EJ; Gibbs, C; Li, DH; Toole, J; Wolfe, J, 2001)	0.57
" Physicochemical properties, cellular permeation, renal toxicity, and bioavailability all had to be addressed during the development of these compounds."	( Perspectives on the development of acyclic nucleotide analogs as antiviral drugs. Lee, WA; Martin, JC, 2006)	0.33
" The lead prodrug (14, MB06866, pradefovir), identified from a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays, exhibited good oral bioavailability (F = 42%, mesylate salt, rat) and rate of prodrug conversion to ADV-DP."	( Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B. Boyer, SH; Colby, TJ; Craigo, W; DaRe, J; Erion, MD; Fujitaki, JM; Gómez-Galeno, JE; Matelich, MC; Ollis, K; Reddy, KR; Sun, Z; Ugarkar, BG; van Poelje, PD, 2008)	0.35
" These findings may be valuable in developing formulation strategies to optimize ocular bioavailability of topically administered ocular agents."	( Expression of multidrug resistance associated protein 5 (MRP5) on cornea and its role in drug efflux. Herndon, BL; Karla, PK; Mitra, A; Pal, D; Quinn, TL; Thomas, P, 2009)	0.35
" HDP-(S)-HPMPA is orally bioavailable and provides excellent liver exposure to the drug."	( Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo. Beadle, JR; Hostetler, KY; Korba, BE; Morrey, JD; Wyles, DL, 2009)	0.35
"Adefovir dipivoxil is a diester prodrug of the antiviral drug adefovir, with much greater oral bioavailability than adefovir."	( Role of basolateral efflux transporter MRP4 in the intestinal absorption of the antiviral drug adefovir dipivoxil. Ming, X; Thakker, DR, 2010)	2.02
"The acyloxyalkyl derivatives of a model anti-HBV dinucleotide were synthesized and evaluated as orally bioavailable prodrugs."	( Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs. Coughlin, JE; Govardhan, CP; Green, CE; Iyer, RP; Kirk, CJ; Korba, BE; Mirsalis, J; Morrey, JD; O'Loughlin, K; Padmanabhan, S; Zhang, G, 2010)	0.36
"The present study was aimed at developing colloidal formulations like solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanosuspension (NS) for improving bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (AD), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor which displays poor oral bioavailability."	( Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanosuspension of adefovir dipivoxil for bioavailability improvement: formulation, characterization, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. Chavhan, S; Dodiya, S; Korde, A; Sawant, KK, 2013)	0.84
" Here, we describe the synthesis, antiviral activities in infected cell cultures and decomposition study of bis(pivaloyloxymethoxy)-S-PMEA [Bis-POM-S-PMEA, 13] and bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl)-S-PMPA [Bis-POC-S-PMPA, 14] as orally bioavailable prodrugs of the S-PMEA 8 and S-PMPA 9, in comparison to the equivalent "non-thio" derivatives [Bis-POM-PMEA, 11] and [Bis-POC-PMPA, 12]."	( Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study. Alvarez, K; Balzarini, J; Canard, B; Fournier, M; Payrot, N; Priet, S; Roux, L; Weck, C; Zoulim, F, 2013)	0.39
" Importantly, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC), peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) of adefovir after oral administration of adefovir dipivoxil were significantly higher in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats than in control rats."	( Effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Intestinal Absorption and Disposition of Adefovir Dipivoxil and Its Metabolite, Adefovir, in Rats. Choi, MK; Kim, SB; Maeng, HJ; Son, JH; Yoon, IS, 2015)	0.83
"The present study aimed to prepare proliposomal formulae for improving the oral bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (AD), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor effective against hepatitis B virus (HBV)."	( Adefovir dipivoxil loaded proliposomal powders with improved hepatoprotective activity: formulation, optimization, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution studies. Abdelbary, GA; Amin, MM; El Awdan, SA; Zakaria, MY, 2018)	2.14
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Its poor oral bioavailability leads to frequent administration causing severe adverse effects."	( Stabilized oral nanostructured lipid carriers of Adefovir Dipivoxil as a potential liver targeting: Estimation of liver function panel and uptake following intravenous injection of radioiodinated indicator. Abd El-Halim, SM; Abdelbary, GA; Amin, MM; Ibrahim, AB; Shamsel-Din, HA; Zakaria, MY, 2020)	0.81
"This study aimed to improve the in vitro dissolution, permeability and oral bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (ADD) by cocrystal technology and clarify the important role of coformer selection on the cocrystal's properties."	( Effect of Coformer Selection on In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Adefovir Dipivoxil Cocrystals. Gao, Y; Li, L; Ma, K; Pang, Z; Qian, S; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zheng, D, 2021)	1.08
"Coformer selection had an important role on cocrystal's properties, and cocrystallization of ADD with a suitable coformer was an effective approach to enhance both dissolution and bioavailability of ADD."	( Effect of Coformer Selection on In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Adefovir Dipivoxil Cocrystals. Gao, Y; Li, L; Ma, K; Pang, Z; Qian, S; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zheng, D, 2021)	0.86

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Oral dosing with bis(alkyl) phosphonates 3a,b resulted in apparent absorption of the prodrugs (> or = 40%), although neither of the esters were completely cleaved to liberate the parent phosphonate PMEA."	( Synthesis, oral bioavailability determination, and in vitro evaluation of prodrugs of the antiviral agent 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). Hitchcock, MJ; Mansuri, MM; Martin, JC; Russell, J; Starrett, JE; Tortolani, DR; Whiterock, V, 1994)	0.29
" After 14 days of dosing, adefovir dipivoxil demonstrated anti-HIV activity and was best tolerated at the lowest dosage studied, 125 mg daily."	( Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil (9-[2-(bis-pivaloyloxymethyl)-phosphonylmethoxyethyl]adenine) in HIV-infected patients. Barditch-Crovo, P; Cundy, KC; Ebeling, D; Hendrix, CW; Jaffe, HS; Lietman, PS; Toole, J, 1997)	0.82
" Both prophylactic and therapeutic dosing regimens were effective."	( Chemokines, nitric oxide and antiarthritic effects of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (Adefovir). Franková, D; Holý, A; Zídek, Z, 1999)	0.3
" Preemptive post-transplant lamivudine monotherapy is associated with progressively increasing HBV recurrence rates, but combined therapy with lamivudine and HBIG at relatively low dosage is currently the most effective approach in this setting, even in HBV-DNA-positive patients, who also receive lamivudine in the pretransplant period."	( Prevention of and treatment for hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation in the nucleoside analogues era. Burroughs, AK; Papatheodoridis, GV; Sevastianos, V, 2003)	0.32
" Most patients continued treatment with dosage adjustments."	( Adefovir dipivoxil: a review of its use in chronic hepatitis B. Dando, T; Plosker, G, 2003)	1.76
"Our study shows that ADV dosed at 10 mg/day for the treatment of LAM-resistant chronic hepatitis B in patients co-infected with HIV is not associated with renal tubular dysfunction or a significant change in renal function."	( The renal tolerance of low-dose adefovir dipivoxil by lamivudine-resistant individuals co-infected with hepatitis B and HIV. Bagnis, CI; Beaufils, H; Benhamou, Y; Brosgart, C; Deray, G; Hannon, H; Izzedine, H; Poynard, T; Sullivan, M, 2004)	0.61
" The risk of nephrotoxicity, the most notable adverse effect of adefovir dipivoxil at previously used higher doses, has been substantially reduced at the currently recommended dosage of 10 mg/d."	( Adefovir dipivoxil: a new antiviral agent for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Mattes, KA; Qaqish, RB; Ritchie, DJ, 2003)	2
"To investigate the efficacy, safety, and the tolerability of two dosing regimens of ADV (10 mg daily or 30 mg daily), two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were performed in patients with chronic hepatitis B and compensated liver disease who were not undergoing current treatment and who had evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication."	( Renal safety of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with chronic hepatitis B: two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Arterbrun, S; Brosgart, CL; Currie, G; Deray, G; Hadziyannis, SJ; Hulot, JS; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Marcellini, P; Westland, C, 2004)	0.67
" Dose-limiting nephrotoxicity necessitates suboptimal dosing at 10 mg/day."	( Remofovir mesylate: a prodrug of PMEA with improved liver-targeting and safety in rats and monkeys. Erion, MD; Hong, Z; Lin, CC; Vitarella, D; Yeh, LT, 2004)	0.32
" The daily dosage was 10 mg initially and then adjusted according to renal function."	( Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in kidney recipients, hemodialysis patients, and patients with renal insufficiency. Brosgart, C; Chaix, ML; Currie, G; Fontaine, H; Morales, E; Nalpas, B; Pol, S; Serpaggi, J; Vallet-Pichard, A; Varaut, A; Verkarre, V, 2005)	0.64
" Steady state was reached after daily dosing for 5 to 7 days."	( Pharmacokinetics of telbivudine in healthy subjects and absence of drug interaction with lamivudine or adefovir dipivoxil. Brown, NA; Chao, GC; Fielman, BA; Lloyd, DM; Zhou, XJ, 2006)	0.55
"Adefovir dipivoxil, a marketed drug for the treatment of hepatitis B, is dosed at submaximally efficacious doses because of renal toxicity."	( Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B. Boyer, SH; Colby, TJ; Craigo, W; DaRe, J; Erion, MD; Fujitaki, JM; Gómez-Galeno, JE; Matelich, MC; Ollis, K; Reddy, KR; Sun, Z; Ugarkar, BG; van Poelje, PD, 2008)	1.79
" The dosage of ADV was 100mg daily."	( [Adefovir dipivoxil treatment of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis]. Chen, YS; Jin, ZJ; Li, DF; Qiao, LM; Zhou, J, 2008)	1.26
" However, the dosing interval of ADV should be adjusted according to renal function and serum phosphate levels in patients receiving long-term treatment."	( Add-on combination therapy with adefovir dipivoxil induces renal impairment in patients with lamivudine-refractory hepatitis B virus. Enomoto, M; Habu, D; Imanishi, Y; Iwai, S; Kawada, N; Kobayashi, S; Morikawa, H; Sakaguchi, H; Shiomi, S; Tamori, A, 2010)	0.64
" These cells showed reduced MRP4 protein expression and corresponding reduction in the basolateral egress of adefovir when adefovir dipivoxil was dosed on the apical side."	( Role of basolateral efflux transporter MRP4 in the intestinal absorption of the antiviral drug adefovir dipivoxil. Ming, X; Thakker, DR, 2010)	0.79
" Therefore, the results do not support daily ADV dosing using a liquid suspension over the current strategy of adjustment of the ADV dosing interval in patients with impaired renal function."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil liquid suspension in patients with chronic hepatitis B and renal impairment. Frederick, D; Pol, S; Rostaing, L; Rousseau, F; Schiff, E; Shiffman, ML; Thabut, D; Zeuzem, S; Zong, J, 2011)	0.65
" Nephrotoxicity is dose related and occurred at a daily dosage of >30 mg."	( Acquired Fanconi syndrome associated with prolonged adefovir dipivoxil therapy in a chronic hepatitis B patient. Ho, YY; Law, ST; Li, KK, )	0.38
" For patients receiving HBIG and LAM, a lower frequency of HBV recurrence was associated with a high HBIG dosage (≥10,000 IU/day) versus a low HBIG dosage (<10,000 IU/day) during the first week after LT [3."	( Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues for prophylaxis against hepatitis b virus recurrence after liver transplantation: a systematic review. Akriviadis, E; Cholongitas, E; Goulis, J; Papatheodoridis, GV, 2011)	0.37
" The current monitoring modalities, together with dosage adjustments, treatment of patients with ADV-related kidney impairment and the therapeutic algorithm in place at the authors' Liver Center are also summarized."	( Drug safety evaluation of adefovir in HBV infection. Colombo, M; Lampertico, P; Viganò, M, 2011)	0.37
"Adefovir dipivoxil can be nephrotoxic at conventional dosage and therefore, patients treated with long-term ADV should have regular monitoring of renal function, and calcium and phosphate levels."	( Nephrotoxicity, including acquired Fanconi's syndrome, caused by adefovir dipivoxil - is there a safe dose? Ho, YY; Law, ST; Li, KK, 2012)	2.06
" Modification of the dosing interval or discontinuation of ADV was required in seven and three patients, respectively, and none of them showed a further decline in the eGFR."	( Frequency and risk factors of renal impairment during long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients. Cho, HC; Choi, MS; Gwak, GY; Kim, YJ; Koh, KC; Lee, JH; Paik, SW; Sinn, DH; Yoo, BC, 2012)	0.62
" The development of drug-CD complexes as solids allows for potential advantages in dosage form design, such as the preparation of layered formulations, and it also can yield improvements in chemical and physical stability."	( 2D solid-state NMR analysis of inclusion in drug-cyclodextrin complexes. Strohmeier, M; Vogt, FG, 2012)	0.38
" A fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of CHB may provide dosing convenience and improve adherence."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of single-dose lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil fixed-dose combination in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Chan, JC; Chen, S; Chu, TT; Fok, BS; Gardner, S; Piscitelli, S; Tomlinson, B, 2013)	0.88
" Blood samples were collected immediately before and after dosing for 48 hours for plasma drug concentration measurement."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of single-dose lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil fixed-dose combination in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Chan, JC; Chen, S; Chu, TT; Fok, BS; Gardner, S; Piscitelli, S; Tomlinson, B, 2013)	0.64
" A multiple dosing regimen may significantly increase the body clearance and volume distribution of the peripheral compartment compared to a single dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. He, Y; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, L; Li, Y; Lv, Y; Wang, K; Yang, J; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q, 2014)	0.69
" Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) liquid suspension (GS-02-526), as a new form of oral ADV, not only has competent antiviral efficacy, but is also more convenient for patients with swallowing difficulties or patients with impaired renal function requiring dosage adjustment."	( Liquid oral suspension adefovir dipivoxil (GS-02-526): an update on treatments for hepatitis B infection. Chen, EQ; Shi, Y; Tang, H; Wu, DB, 2014)	1.62
"This case indicates that Fanconi's syndrome with osteomalacia can be acquired by a chronic hepatitis B patient taking ADV at a conventional dosage of 10 mg/day."	( Osteomalacia and Fanconi's syndrome caused by long-term low-dose adefovir dipivoxil. Chen, YS; Sun, FR; Wang, BF; Wang, BY; Wang, Y; Zhang, D, 2015)	0.65
"Fanconi syndrome with osteomalacia can develop in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection being treated with adefovir at a conventional low dosage of 10 mg/day."	( Osteomalacia and renal failure due to Fanconi syndrome caused by long-term low-dose Adefovir Dipivoxil: a case report. Cen, X; Cui, Y; Liu, Z; Mu, G; Xiang, Q; Xie, Q; Yu, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.78

Role	Description
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
antiviral drug	A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases.
DNA synthesis inhibitor	Any substance that inhibits the synthesis of DNA.
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor	An entity which inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
nephrotoxic agent	A role played by a chemical compound exihibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the kidney in animals.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
organic phosphonate
6-aminopurines	Any compound having 6-aminopurine (adenine) as part of its structure.
ether	An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
carbonate ester	Any carbonate that is carbonic acid in which the hydrogens have been replaced by organyl groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Adefovir Dipivoxil Metabolism Pathway	4	6

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.8685	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347395; AID1347397; AID1347398
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	89.9497	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490; AID2701; AID2707
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	9.4135	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
PPM1D protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.5388	0.0052	9.4661	32.9993	AID1347411
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.3317	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.5379	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247
hypothetical protein, conserved	Trypanosoma brucei	Potency	35.4813	0.2239	11.2451	35.4813	AID624173
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5108	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224893
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.8902	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.3570	0.0013	10.1577	42.8575	AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.0070	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.0912	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.7310	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.9239	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.8832	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.5909	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259248
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3096	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.0890	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
Histone H2A.x	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	0.3192	0.0391	47.5451	146.8240	AID1224845; AID1224896
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	32.8610	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.9353	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743202; AID743219
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	28.6954	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.5388	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1347411
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	0.0383	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479148
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	25.1189	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID492961
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.6315	4.4531	9.3000	AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.2000	5.6774	10.0000	AID1473741
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	46.0000	0.1100	7.1903	10.0000	AID1473738
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	13.5000	0.2700	4.5306	9.9000	AID1552654
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	2.4100	6.3433	10.0000	AID1473739
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic process	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assembly	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulation	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretion	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule development	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
renal tubular secretion	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
ATP binding	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347126	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347121	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347116	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347117	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347109	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347140	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347114	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347124	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347137	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for Daoy cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347139	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347135	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347128	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347127	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347141	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347125	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347113	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347136	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347123	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347138	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D caspase screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347115	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID560906	Antiviral activity against HBV harboring RNA polymerase M204I mutant gene infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as decrease in viral transient transfection after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID312685	Selectivity index, ratio of biodistribution in rat liver to intestine at 30 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B.
AID749440	Antiviral activity against thymidine kinase-deficient Human simplex virus 1 KOS infected in human HEL cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathicity measured at day 3 by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID1552661	AUC (0 to t) in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582405	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral DNA replicative intermediate level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week (Rvb = 979 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID20134	Rate of decomposition in water at specified pH 5.5	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID1552652	Substrate activity at human OAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP assessed as compound uptake measured after 20 mins by UPLC-MS/MS method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID464068	Antiviral activity against 3TC-resistant HBV with polymerase L180M mutation infected in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as nucleic acid and protein levels dosed daily for 9 days and measured 24 hrs after last treatment by Southern blot hybridization	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5	Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs.
AID218360	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the Vero cells infected with HSV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID322844	Fold resistance, ratio of lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/M204V mutant to wild-type HBV genotype E	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID443941	Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as half life	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel oxazaphosphorine prodrugs of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA, adefovir) as potent HBV inhibitors.
AID1473765	Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 5 to 10 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID45040	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the CEM-SS cell lines infected with HIV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID427986	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ cell proliferation in patients with HBcAg+ chronic hepatitis B assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 40 weeks by beta counting relative to baseline	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID560904	Antiviral activity against HBV harboring RNA polymerase L180M mutant gene infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as decrease in viral transient transfection after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID428000	Increase in HBV-specific IL5 level in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID257121	Antiviral potency against HIV2 in CEM/O cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
AID1552625	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as inhibition of viral DNA synthesis incubated for 2 days followed by replacement of fresh medium containing compound and measured at day 10 by RT-PCR analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552660	Elimination rate constant in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582397	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as frequency of hepatocytes expressing viral antigen at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID427987	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ cell proliferation in patients with HBcAg+ chronic hepatitis B assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 48 weeks by beta counting relative to baseline	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID749431	Metabolic stability in human HuH7 cells assessed as half life of second step of hydrolysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID560964	Antiviral activity against HBV infected in transgenic mouse assessed as decrease in liver viral DNA level at 4 mg/kg, po administered daily for 14 days measured post last dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID749442	Antiviral activity against Human simplex virus 1 KOS infected in human HEL cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathicity measured at day 3 by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID322837	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/A181V mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582414	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as frequency of hepatocytes expressing viral antigen at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 36th week on 48 weeks study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1327567	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as inhibition of HBsAg secretion measured after 96 hrs by ELISA	2016	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8	Cantharimide and Its Derivatives from the Blister Beetle Mylabris phalerata Palla.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID749433	Metabolic stability in human CEM cells assessed as half life of second step of hydrolysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID443938	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2(2.2.15) cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel oxazaphosphorine prodrugs of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA, adefovir) as potent HBV inhibitors.
AID257116	Chemical stability in phosphate buffer at pH 7.3	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
AID464071	Antiviral activity against 3TC-resistant HBV with polymerase LMMV mutation infected in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as nucleic acid and protein levels dosed daily for 9 days and measured 24 hrs after last treatment by Southern blot hybridization	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5	Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs.
AID560903	Antiviral activity against wild type HBV infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as decrease in viral transient transfection after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID322829	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/M204V mutant assessed as inhibition of replication	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID322842	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V/N236T mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID312683	Biodistribution in rat plasma at 30 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B.
AID322845	Fold resistance, ratio of lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/A181V mutant to wild-type HBV genotype E	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID1552647	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as reduction in Bcl-2 expression at 25 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552642	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as presence of apoptotic bodies at 25 to 100 uM measured after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582423	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as change in body weight at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured up to 60 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID560905	Antiviral activity against HBV harboring RNA polymerase M204V mutant gene infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as decrease in viral transient transfection after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID1552658	Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552662	Volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID749429	Half life of the compound in presence of carboxyesterase	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID464067	Antiviral activity against wild type HBV infected in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as nucleic acid and protein levels dosed daily for 9 days and measured 24 hrs after last treatment by Southern blot hybridization	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5	Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs.
AID312681	Biodistribution in rat kidney at 30 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B.
AID560908	Antiviral activity against HBV harboring RNA polymerase N236T mutant gene infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as decrease in viral transient transfection after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID1552626	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 12 hrs followed by replacement of fresh medium containing compound and measured after 2 days by CCK-8 assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582429	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of liver alanine aminotransferase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID218502	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the Vero cells infected with HSV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID582431	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of liver alkaline phosphatase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID322849	Fold resistance, ratio of lamivudine -adenofir-resistant with HBV reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V/M204V/N236T mutant to wild-type HBV genotype E	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582401	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen level in serum at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 36th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 3.8 +/- 1.3 log10 ng/ml)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID427988	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ cell proliferation in patients with HBcAg+ chronic hepatitis B assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation by beta counting relative to baseline	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID1552666	Drug distribution in mouse kidney at 5.47 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552636	Reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in human HK2 cells assessed as decrease in red fluorescence at 25 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by JC-1 staining based flow cytometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID322826	Effect on cell viability in human Huh7 cells	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID322828	Antiviral activity against adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase N236T mutant assessed as inhibition of replication	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID105857	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the MRC-5 cells infected with HSV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID582398	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as frequency of hepatocytes expressing viral antigen at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552659	Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552664	Clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1552645	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 50 uM measured after 72 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 8.1%)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582395	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral DNA replicative intermediate level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 36th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 1132 +/- 738 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID257120	Antiviral potency against HIV1 in CEM/O cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
AID644714	Nephrotoxicity in human HK2 cells assessed as LDH release at 100 uM measured after 24 hrs	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID582420	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lesion in lobular hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 36th week on 48 weeks study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID749443	Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-2 ROD infected in human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of syncytia formation after 4 days by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID19118	Half-life in RPMI1640 medium.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID1473739	Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID257117	Chemical stability in citrate buffer at pH 2.0	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
AID749428	Stability of the compound in DMEM assessed as half life of first step of hydrolysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID1473763	AUC in human at 5 to 10 mg, po QD after 24 hrs	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID582422	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lesion in lobular hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID582406	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral RNA level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 46 +/- 25 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID560907	Antiviral activity against HBV harboring RNA polymerase L180M/M204V mutant gene infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as decrease in viral transient transfection after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo.
AID1552631	Substrate activity at human NTCP expressed in HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP at 400 uM measured for 30 mins in presence of sodium chloride by UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582421	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lobular in portal hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID427995	Increase in HBV-specific IL8 in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID322830	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-adefovir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/M204V/N236T mutant assessed as inhibition of replication	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID427984	Antiviral activity against HBV infected in human assessed as reduction in serum viral DNA level at 10 to 30 mg per day after 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID1552638	Induction of mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in human HK2 cells assessed as reduction in mitochondrial potential at 100 uM after 72 hrs by JC-1 staining based flow cytometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID427990	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma production in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC assessed as INFgamma production index at 10 to 30 mg per day after 8 weeks by ELISPOT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID644709	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2(2.2.15) cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication incubated for 2 days followed by wash out measured after 10 days by RT-PCR analysis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID582424	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as effect on hematological parameters at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured up to 60 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID582418	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lesion in portal hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552637	Reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in human HK2 cells assessed as increase in green fluorescence at 25 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by JC-1 staining based flow cytometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582425	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of liver sorbitol dehydrogenase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 4 to 24 weeks on 48 week study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1327564	Toxicity against human HepG2.2.15 cells infected with HBV after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8	Cantharimide and Its Derivatives from the Blister Beetle Mylabris phalerata Palla.
AID582411	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen positive hepatocytes at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 36th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 41 +/- 25 %)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID582415	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as frequency of hepatocytes expressing viral antigen at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552648	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as increase in Bax level at 25 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552641	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as dense staining at 25 to 100 uM measured after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID322838	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180/M204V mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID322835	Antiviral activity against wild type HBV genotype E assessed as inhibition of replication	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582402	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen level in serum at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks (Rvb = 3.8 +/- 1.3 log10 ng/ml)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID427997	Increase in HBV-specific Fas ligand level in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID582410	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen positive hepatocytes at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 55 +/- 32 %)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552663	MRT in Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID20135	Rate of decomposition in water at specified pH 7.2	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID443939	Metabolic stability in human plasma assessed as half life	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel oxazaphosphorine prodrugs of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA, adefovir) as potent HBV inhibitors.
AID749439	Antiviral activity against Human simplex virus 2 G infected in human HEL cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathicity measured at day 3 by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID644711	Cytotoxicity against human HK2 cells by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID443936	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected HepG2(2.2.15) cells assessed as inhibition of viral cytoplasmic DNA synthesis by real-time PCR	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel oxazaphosphorine prodrugs of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA, adefovir) as potent HBV inhibitors.
AID105986	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the MRC-5 cells infected with HSV-2.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID749447	Stability of the compound in RPMI-1640 assessed as half life of second step of hydrolysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID749445	Antiviral activity against wild type HBV transfected in human HuH7 cells assessed as reduction of viral DNA level after 7 days by qPCR analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID582396	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral DNA replicative intermediate level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 1495 +/- 890 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID644712	Nephrotoxicity in human HK2 cells assessed as LDH release at 1 uM measured after 24 hrs	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID582419	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lesion in lobular hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID322847	Fold resistance, ratio of Lamivudine -adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V mutant to wildtype HBV genotype E	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID369219	Antiviral activity against woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchucks assessed as log reduction of serum viral DNA per ml of serum after 12 weeks	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1473741	Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID749432	Stability of the compound in DMEM assessed as half life of second step of hydrolysis in presence of 10% FCS	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID322827	Antiviral activity against wild type HBV assessed as inhibition of replication	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID1552651	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as induction of cleaved caspase 3 levels at 25 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID464070	Antiviral activity against 3TC-resistant HBV with polymerase M204I mutation infected in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as nucleic acid and protein levels dosed daily for 9 days and measured 24 hrs after last treatment by Southern blot hybridization	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5	Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs.
AID1552634	Cytotoxicity against human HK2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 100 umol/L after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582408	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral RNA level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks (Rvb = 34 +/- 20 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552650	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as increase in Bax/Bcl2 ratio after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552627	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for cytotoxicity against human HepG2.2.15 cells to EC50 for HBV infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID427989	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma production in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC assessed as INFgamma production index at 10 to 30 mg per day after 4 weeks by ELISPOT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID1552628	Drug uptake in Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes assessed as cellular uptake of compound per mg of protein at 400 uM measured for 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID322825	Inhibition of wild type HBV replication in Huh7 cells	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582399	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lesion in portal hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID322848	Fold resistance, ratio of Lamivudine -adenofir-resistant with HBV reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V/M204V mutant to wildtype HBV genotype E	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582430	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of liver aspartate aminotransferase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID428081	Increase in HBV-specific IL12p70 level in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID427996	Increase in HBV-specific IP10 in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID749446	Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as reduction of cell density	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID427985	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ cell proliferation in patients with HBcAg+ chronic hepatitis B assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 16 weeks by beta counting relative to baseline	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID582427	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of liver sorbitol dehydrogenase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 28 to 48 weeks on 48 week study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID312682	Biodistribution in rat small intestine at 30 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B.
AID464072	Antiviral activity against ADV-resistant HBV N236T mutation infected in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as nucleic acid and protein levels dosed daily for 9 days and measured 24 hrs after last treatment by Southern blot hybridization	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5	Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs.
AID582403	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen level in serum at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week (Rvb = 3.3 +/- 1.6 log10 ng/ml)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID428082	Antiviral activity against HBV infected patients assessed as ALT level at 10 to 30 mg per day after 48 weeks by beta counting	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID749425	Prodrug conversion assessed as snake venome phosphodiesterase-mediated phosphonate monoester formation at 5 mM	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID45385	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the CEM-SS cell lines infected with HIV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID105133	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the MT-4 cell lines infected with HIV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID257122	Cytotoxicity against CEM/O cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	cycloSal-PMEA and cycloAmb-PMEA: potentially new phosphonate prodrugs based on the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach.
AID582417	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as absent of lesion in portal hepatitis at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID322832	Fold resistance, ratio of EC50 for lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/M204V mutant to EC50 for wild-type HBV	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID749435	Stability of the compound in DMEM assessed as half life of second step of hydrolysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID104764	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the MT-4 cell lines infected with HIV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID322831	Fold resistance, ratio of EC50 for adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase N236T mutant to EC50 for wild-type HBV	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID322850	Fold resistance, ratio of Lamivudine -adenofir-resistant with HBV reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V/N236T mutant to wildtype HBV genotype E	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID322851	Fold resistance, ratio of entecavir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/S202G/M204V mutant to wild-type HBV genotype H	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582400	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen level in serum at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 12th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 4.3 +/- 1.5 log10 ng/ml)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID20140	Rate of hydrolysis at specified pH in human serum	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID1552640	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as nuclear pyknosis at 25 to 100 uM measured after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID20139	Rate of hydrolysis at specified pH in human gastric juice.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID1327565	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as inhibition of HBeAg secretion measured after 96 hrs by ELISA	2016	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8	Cantharimide and Its Derivatives from the Blister Beetle Mylabris phalerata Palla.
AID1473764	Drug concentration at steady state in human at 5 to 10 mg, po QD after 24 hrs	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID582428	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1578796	Antimalarial activity against synchronized Plasmodium falciparum K1 ring form infected in human erythrocytes assessed as reduction in parasite growth after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33258 staining based fluorescence assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-26, Volume: 62, Issue:18	Plasmodium Purine Metabolism and Its Inhibition by Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues.
AID322843	Antiviral activity against entecavir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/S202G/M204V mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID427999	Increase in HBV-specific IL2 level in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID427993	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma production in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC assessed as INFgamma production index at 10 to 30 mg per day after 40 weeks by ELISPOT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID1552632	Substrate activity at human NTCP expressed in HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP assessed as Km for transporter-mediated drug uptake measured for 30 mins in presence of sodium chloride by UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552644	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 25 uM measured after 72 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 8.1%)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID582409	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral RNA level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week (Rvb = 27 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552678	Cytotoxicity against human HK2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID749441	Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human CEM cells assessed as growth inhibition	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID520606	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human WI38 cells to EC50 for BK polyomavirus ATCC VR837	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Anti-BK virus activity of nucleoside analogs.
AID1473740	Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID749438	Antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus infected in human HEL cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathicity measured at day 3 by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID749430	Stability of the compound in RPMI-1640 assessed as half life of first step of hydrolysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID322833	Fold resistance, ratio of EC50 for lamivudine-adefovir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/M204V/N236T mutant to EC50 for wild-type HBV	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID749434	Stability of the compound in RPMI-1640 assessed as half life of second step of hydrolysis in presence of 10% FCS	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID14006	Bioavailability in rat of PMEA prodrug	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 37, Issue:12	Synthesis, oral bioavailability determination, and in vitro evaluation of prodrugs of the antiviral agent 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA).
AID520604	Antimicrobial activity against BK polyomavirus ATCC VR837 infected in human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in viral titer after 7 days by PCR analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Anti-BK virus activity of nucleoside analogs.
AID582413	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen positive hepatocytes at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks measured on 60th week (Rvb = 26 %)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID644713	Nephrotoxicity in human HK2 cells assessed as LDH release at 10 uM measured after 24 hrs	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID427998	Increase in HBV-specific IL10 level in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC at 10 to 30 mg per day by ELISA	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID427992	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma production in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC assessed as INFgamma production index at 10 to 30 mg per day after 24 weeks by ELISPOT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID369218	Antiviral activity against woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchucks assessed as log reduction of serum viral DNA per ml of serum after 4 weeks	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID1552680	Selectivity ratio, ratio of substrate activity at human OAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP assessed as compound uptake to substrate activity in human HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP-N1 empty vector assessed as compound uptake	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID644716	Chemical stability of the compound assessed as drug decomposition at 1 mM in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID1473738	Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID312680	Biodistribution in rat liver at 30 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B.
AID19121	Half-life in culture medium.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID322841	Antiviral activity against Lamivudine -adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V/M204V/N236T mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID644717	Half life in rat plasma at 0.2 mg after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID427991	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma production in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC assessed as INFgamma production index at 10 to 30 mg per day after 16 weeks by ELISPOT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID1552679	Substrate activity at human NTCP expressed in HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP assessed as V max/Km for transporter-mediated drug uptake measured for 30 mins in presence of sodium chloride by UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID322840	Antiviral activity against Lamivudine -adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V/M204V mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID427994	Increase in HBV-specific IFN-gamma production in HBcAg-stimulated human PBMC assessed as INFgamma production index at 10 to 30 mg per day after 48 weeks by ELISPOT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity.
AID1552656	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells expressing OAT1 assessed as reduction in cell viability at 1000 uM after 1 hr by MTT assay relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID216016	Concentration that reduced plaque formation by 50% was measured in HSV-2 infected vero cells in vitro	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 37, Issue:12	Synthesis, oral bioavailability determination, and in vitro evaluation of prodrugs of the antiviral agent 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA).
AID582426	Toxicity in Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected woodchuck assessed as increase of liver alanine aminotransferase activity at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 4 to 24 weeks on 48 week study	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID582412	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral antigen positive hepatocytes at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks study (Rvb = 35 +/- 27 %)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID464069	Antiviral activity against 3TC-resistant HBV with polymerase M204V mutation infected in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as nucleic acid and protein levels dosed daily for 9 days and measured 24 hrs after last treatment by Southern blot hybridization	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5	Orally bioavailable anti-HBV dinucleotide acyloxyalkyl prodrugs.
AID520605	Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells by neutral red assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Anti-BK virus activity of nucleoside analogs.
AID1552633	Substrate activity at human NTCP expressed in HEK293 cells harboring pEGFP assessed as V max for transporter-mediated drug uptake measured for 30 mins in presence of sodium chloride by UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID1552646	Induction of apoptosis in human HK2 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 100 uM measured after 72 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 8.1%)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID322836	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase L180M/M204V mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID644710	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2(2.2.15) cells infected with HBV DNA	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID749444	Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-1 3B infected in human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of syncytia formation after 4 days by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID644718	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for HepG2(2.2.15) infected with HBV DNA to EC50 for Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2(2.2.15) cells	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID1552654	Inhibition of human OAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as P-amino hippuric acid uptake inhibition incubated for 10 mins by UPLC-MS/MS method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and mechanistic study of adefovir mixed phosphonate derivatives bearing cholic acid and l-amino acid moieties for the treatment of HBV.
AID105853	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the MRC-5 cells infected with HSV-1.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID312684	Selectivity index, ratio of biodistribution in rat liver to kidney at 30 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Pradefovir: a prodrug that targets adefovir to the liver for the treatment of hepatitis B.
AID582404	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral DNA replicative intermediate level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd for 48 weeks (Rvb = 995 +/- 736 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID392536	Antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID749436	Cytotoxicity against human HEL cells assessed as effect on cell morphology	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside thiophosphonates compared to phosphonates: synthesis, antiviral activity and decomposition study.
AID443937	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2(2.2.15) cells to IC50 for Hepatitis B virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel oxazaphosphorine prodrugs of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA, adefovir) as potent HBV inhibitors.
AID392504	Antiviral activity against Cowpox virus	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID322846	Fold resistance, ratio of lamivudine-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180/M204V mutant to wild-type HBV genotype H	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID218503	Compound was tested for antiviral activity against the Vero cells infected with HSV-2	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID322834	Antiviral activity against wild type HBV genotype H assessed as inhibition of replication	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID582407	Antiviral activity against Woodchuck hepatitis virus infected in woodchuck assessed as reduction of viral RNA level per ug of total cell DNA at 15 mg/kg, po qd measured on 36th week on 48 weeks study (Rvb = 33 +/- 21 pg)	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID23275	Partition coefficient (logP)	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 39, Issue:25	Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability.
AID322839	Antiviral activity against lamivudine-adenofir-resistant HBV with reverse transcriptase V173L/L180M/A181V mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants.
AID644715	Chemical stability of the compound assessed as drug decomposition at 1 mM in phosphate buffer at pH 2 after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Synthesis, anti-HBV activity and renal cell toxicity evaluation of mixed phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	36 (5.69)	18.2507
2000's	311 (49.13)	29.6817
2010's	265 (41.86)	24.3611
2020's	21 (3.32)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	146 (22.22%)	5.53%
Reviews	113 (17.20%)	6.00%
Case Studies	63 (9.59%)	4.05%
Observational	2 (0.30%)	0.25%
Other	333 (50.68%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (74)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
An Open Label Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Related Advanced Fibrosis or Cirrhosis. [NCT00347009]	Phase 4	155 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single-dose, Two-period, Crossover Study to Demonstrate the Bioequivalence of the Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) of Lamivudine and Adefovir Dipivoxil (100mg/10mg) to Heptodin® (100mg ) and Hepsera® (10mg) [NCT01353742]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-21	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Combination Sequential Treatment With Y Peginterferon Alfa-2b and ETV (Entecavir) in CHB (Chronic Hepatitis B) Patients NAs (Nucleotides or Nucleosides) Experienced (Anchor Study) [NCT02327416]	Phase 3	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Recruiting
A Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Generic Entecavir Monotherapy or in Combination With Adefovir for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Inadequate Response to NUC Therapy [NCT01341743]	Phase 4	360 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety Study of Adefovir and Entecavir for Elderly With Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT02075294]		242 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-01-31	Completed
An Open Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety of Clevudine Monotherapy or Adefovir and Clevudine Combination in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT01264354]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Evaluation of Tenofovir DF Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil for the Treatment of HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00116805]	Phase 3	266 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil in Children and Adolescents (Age 2 to Less Than 18) With Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00095121]	Phase 3	173 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
An Open-label, Multicenter, Randomized Study of Combination Therapy With Oral LDT600 (Telbivudine) Plus Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil Alone in HBeAg-positive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Who Are Lamivudine Resistant [NCT00376259]	Phase 3	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to The study was not completed as planned and was terminated early with agreement from the European Medicines Agency (EMEA))
Continuation of Lamivudine Plus Adefovir Versus Switching to Entecavir Plus Adefovir in Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B Who Have Resistant Mutants to Lamivudine and Show Suboptimal Response to Combination of Lamivudine Plus Adefovir [NCT01023217]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
A Open Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Clevudine 30mg Versus Adefovir 10mg in Patients With LC-B [NCT00672867]	Phase 3	102 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Protocol Title: A Phase II Open-labeled Study to Determine the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Interferon-gamma 1b (IFN-γ 1b) in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Who Are HBV DNA Positive [NCT00753467]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Not yet recruiting
"A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label, Exploratory Study of Utilizing of Response-Guided-Therapy (RGT) Strategy on Optimal Nucleoside Analogue (NUC)-Experienced Patients" [NCT02560649]	Phase 4	324 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) or Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV) in Patients With Lamivudine-resistant HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT02598063]	Phase 4	255 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Safety and Antiviral Activity of 48-week Clevudine and Adefovir Dipivoxil in HBeAg(-) Chronic Hepatitis B With Compensated Liver Function [NCT00641082]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
A Phase 1-2 Open-Label Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Dose of Adefovir Dipivoxil in Children and Adolescents (Aged 2-17) With Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00645294]	Phase 1/Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
A Randomized Prospective Open-label Trial for Comparing Combination Therapy Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Adefovir Dipivoxil and Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus no Treatment in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low Vira [NCT00973219]		151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Efficacy of Long-term Telbivudine Treatment on Histological Improvements in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B (EFFORT Further Extension Study) [NCT02826070]	Phase 4	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Active, not recruiting
A Phase IV, Open Label, Single Arm, Multicenter, Extension Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil for Korean Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B(CHB) Who Have Completed ADF 103814 [NCT00403585]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
A 26 Week Randomized, Open Label, Multi-center Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Telbivudine 600 mg Once Daily Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil 10mg Once Daily in Subjects With Compensated Chronic Hepatitis B and Sub-optimal Response to at Least 48 Weeks of Ad [NCT00606099]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to study was cancelled)
An Open-Label, Randomized, Comparative Study With PegIntron vs. Adefovir in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) e Antigen Positive Patients in Taiwan [NCT00371761]	Phase 3	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
A 2-year Multi-centre, Open-label, Local Phase IV Study to Demonstrate the Efficacy and Safety of Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets (10mg) in Chinese Subjects With HBe Antigen Negative Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00324961]	Phase 4	533 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Activity of the Soft Gelatin Capsule of Saquinavir (SQVsgc) in Combination With Ritonavir or Nelfinavir and Combinations of Delavirdine and/or Adefovir Dipivoxil in HIV-Infected Subjects With Prior Indinavir Use and Viral Loads From 2,000 to 200,000 Copie [NCT00000892]		300 participants	Interventional		Completed
Influence of Antiviral Treatment to the Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Chronic HBV Infection. [NCT00810524]	Phase 4	600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Recruiting
A Phase 3b, Long-Term, Observational Study of the Durability of Seroconversion in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Who Have Seroconverted While Participating in a Previous Gilead-Sponsored Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil. [NCT00158717]		107 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-04-30	Completed
Phase III Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets in Patients With Compensated Chronic Hepatitis B -Comparative Study Against Lamivudine- [NCT00316719]	Phase 3	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
A 48-week Multi-centre, Open-label, Local Phase IV Study to Demonstrate the Efficacy and Safety of Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets (10mg) in Chinese Subjects With Compensated Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00441974]	Phase 4	1,470 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Three-sequence, Three-period, Three-treatment Clinical Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction of Clevudine and Adefovir Dipivoxil After Oral Administration in Healthy Male Subjects [NCT01581242]	Phase 1	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Evaluation of Tenofovir DF Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil for the Treatment of Presumed Pre-Core Mutant Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00117676]	Phase 3	382 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
Comparison of the Virologic Efficacy of Nelfinavir and/or DMP 266 (Efavirenz, EFV) in Combination With One or Two New Nucleoside Analogs in Nucleoside Experienced Subjects: A Roll-Over Study to ACTG 302/303 [NCT00001087]	Phase 2	300 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized, Open Label Study to Compare the Effect of Combination Treatment With PEGASYS + Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus PEGASYS Monotherapy on HBV-DNA and ALT Levels in Patients With HBeAg-negative, Chronic Hepatitis B.' [NCT00661076]	Phase 3	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Multi-Center Phase 2, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine When Co-Administered With Adefovir Dipivoxil 10 mg to Patients Post-Liver Transplantation [NCT00644761]	Phase 2	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
Prospective Exploratory Study to Describe in CHB naïve and Non-naïve Patients, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Kinetics During the First 24 Weeks of Treatment With Telbivudine [NCT00640588]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Effect of Age on the Renal Clearance of Adefovir [NCT00187746]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Budget exceeded for project.)
A Phase I/II Study of Safety, Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-HIV Activity of 9-[2-(Bispivaloyloxymethyl)Phosphonylmethoxyethyl]Adenine (Bis-POM PMEA) and Placebo in HIV-Infected Patients [NCT00002346]	Phase 1	36 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomization Trial of Adjuvant Lamivudine/ Adefovir Dipivoxil Against Recurrence in Post-operative HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma [NCT00455091]		117 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to No cases enrollment)
Prevention of de Novo Hepatitis B Infection With Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV) and Hepatitis B Vaccination in HBsAg Seronegative Recipients of Liver Grafts From Hepatitis B Core Antibody Positive (HBcAb+) Donors [NCT01146808]	Phase 1/Phase 2	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
A Phase II, Randomized Trial of Amprenavir as Part of Dual Protease Inhibitor Regimens (Placebo-Controlled) in Combination With Abacavir, Efavirenz, and Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus Amprenavir Alone in HIV-Infected Subjects With Prior Exposure to Approved Pr [NCT00000912]	Phase 2	475 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II, Stratified, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADF) at Two Dose Levels in Triple Combination Therapies With Protease Inhibitors (PI) and Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (R [NCT00002184]	Phase 2	120 participants	Interventional		Completed
Multi-Center, Open-Label Study of the Effect of Indinavir, Efavirenz, and Adefovir Dipivoxil Combination Therapy in Patients Who Have Failed Nelfinavir [NCT00002220]	Phase 3	120 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Multi-Center Phase 3, Open-Label, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Adefovir Dipivoxil Liquid Suspension in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Varying Degrees of Renal Impairment [NCT00071201]	Phase 3	48 participants	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
A Randomized,Double-blind,Double-dummy,Multiple-dose Parallel Control,Multiple Centers Study to Assess the Safety and Dose-range of Metacavir Enteric-coated Capsules for Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT02965859]	Phase 2	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Telbivudine Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil in Adults With HBegAg-Positive, Compensated Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00115245]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Randomized Study Comparing Lamivudine Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil for Prevention of zHBV Reactivation in HBsAg Seropositive Patients Undergoing Cytotoxic Chemotherapy [NCT00489151]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Recruiting
A Multi-centre, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Randomised, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TDF 300mg Once Daily (QD) Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV) 10mg QD in Chinese Subjects With CHB [NCT01300234]	Phase 3	512 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-30	Completed
A Two-year, Open-label, Virological Response Adaptive Design, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Telbivudine in HBeAg Negative Adult CHB Patients With Roadmap Strategy [NCT01521975]	Phase 4	360 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-01	Completed
Efficacy of Adefovir and Lamivudine Combination Therapy in Patients With Entecavir Resistance [NCT01546116]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
A Randomized, Phase II, Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for the Treatment of Lamivudine-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus in Subjects Who Are Co-Infected With HIV [NCT00033163]	Phase 2	90 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase 3b, Open-Label Program of Adefovir Dipivoxil in the Treatment of Patients With Lamivudine-Resistant Chronic Hepatitis B Who Have Limited Treatment Options [NCT00042393]		0 participants	Expanded Access		Approved for marketing
Studies of the Addition of Adefovir Dipivoxil to Lamivudine for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study in HIV-Infected Patients and an Open-Label Study in HIV-Negative Subjects [NCT00023153]	Phase 3	100 participants	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
A Phase II Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil, Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2A, and Ribavirin Treatment in HBV and HCV Infected Subjects With HIV Disease [NCT00051077]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn
An Open-Label, Continued Access Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil for Patients With Chronic HBV Infection Who Have Completed a Gilead-Sponsored Study of Adefovir Dipivoxil. [NCT00158704]		400 participants	Interventional	2002-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to The study stopped due to marketing approval by the FDA.)
Prevention of Recurrent Hepatitis B After Liver Transplantation [NCT00059267]		317 participants (Actual)	Observational	2001-03-31	Completed
Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil Plus Lamivudine for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Patients With Normal Baseline ALT [NCT00230477]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
Comparison of Telbivudine Plus Adefovir With Lamivudine Plus Adefovir for the Treatment of Lamivudine-resistant Chronic Hepatitis B at 52 Weeks: A Pilot Study [NCT01804387]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Recruiting
A Phase IA Single Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety Study of the Oral Antiviral Compound, 9-[2-(Bispivaloyloxymethyl)Phosphonylmethoxyethyl]Adenine (Bis-POM PMEA) (Adefovir Dipivoxil) in Children With HIV-1 Infection [NCT00000843]	Phase 1	24 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II Study of the Prolongation of Virologic Success (ACTG 372A) and Options for Virologic Failure (ACTG B/C/D) in HIV-Infected Subjects Receiving Indinavir in Combination With Nucleoside Analogs: A Rollover Study for ACTG 320 [NCT00000885]	Phase 2	440 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II, Stratified, Randomized, Open-Label, Multi-Center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil and Indinavir in Combination With Zidovudine, Lamivudine, or Stavudine for the Treatment of Therapy Naive HIV-Infected Patients With CD4 Ce [NCT00002379]	Phase 2	100 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Multi-center, Open Label, Randomized Study of Effects and Safety Between Adefovir Dipivoxil Plus Polyene Phosphatidylcholine Capsule Versus Adefovir Dipivoxil Alone in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients [NCT01436539]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Phase I Study of the Safety, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics of 9-[2-(Bispivaloyloxymethyl)Phosphonylmethoxyethyl]Adenine (Bis-POM PMEA; Adefovir Dipivoxil) in HIV-Infected Patients [NCT00002128]	Phase 1	15 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase I/II, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety, Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-HIV Activity of 60 Mg Daily Dose of Adefovir Dipivoxil in HIV-Infected Patients Naive to Anti-Retroviral Therapy [NCT00002206]	Phase 1	45 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label Expanded Access Program to Evaluate the Safety of Preveon (Adefovir Dipivoxil) at Two Dose Levels When Used in Combination With Other Antiretroviral Agents for the Treatment of Patients With HIV Infection Who Have Failed Other Ant [NCT00002398]		0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Combination of Lamivudine and Adefovir Dipivoxil for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B [NCT00023309]	Phase 2	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter, Prospective Study to Compare Antiviral Efficacy and Safety of Switching to ETV Plus TDF Versus Maintaining LAM/LDT Plus ADF Combination in CHC With PVR to LAM/LDF Plus ADF Combination Rescue Therapy for YMDD Mutation [NCT01597934]	Phase 4	104 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Active, not recruiting
A Phase II, 48 Week, Open-Label Study Designed to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Simplified Dosing Regimen of Preveon (Adefovir Dipivoxil; bis-POM PMEA), Videx (Didanosine; ddI), Sustiva (Efavirenz; DMP-266), and Ep [NCT00002234]	Phase 2	25 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil as Intensification Therapy in Combination With Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in HIV Infected Patients With HIV-1 RNA > 50 and [NCT00002426]		390 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Adefovir Dipivoxil When Added to Standard Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV-Infected Patients With CD4 Cell Counts >= 200/mm3 [NCT00002161]		400 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase I/II, Open-Label, Multi-Center Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerance and Activity of Two Dose Levels of Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADF) and Nelfinavir When Added to Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV-Infected Pediatric Patients [NCT00002219]	Phase 2	36 participants	Interventional		Active, not recruiting
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil (Bis-POM PMEA) in Prolonging Survival of HIV-Infected Individuals With a CD4+ Cell Count of <= 100/mm3 or With a CD4+ Cell Count Both > 100 an [NCT00001082]	Phase 3	505 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1996-12-31	Completed
A Phase II, 24-Week, Open-Label Study Designed to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Novel Quadruple-Combination Therapy With Preveon (Adefovir Dipivoxil; Bis-POM PMEA), Abacavir (1592U89), Sustiva (Efavirenz; DMP-266), and Amprenavir (141 [NCT00002419]	Phase 2	25 participants	Interventional		Completed
Emtricitabine Plus Adefovir Dipivoxil for Naive Chinese HBV Related Cirrhosis Patients [NCT02327689]	Phase 4	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Clinical Effects and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Early Anti-viral Therapy on HBV-related Compensated Liver Cirrhosis [NCT01720238]		621 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-03-31	Active, not recruiting
A Single Center Open-Label, Randomized Study Comparing the Safety of Immediately Switching From Lamivudine to Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus Overlapping Lamivudine and Adefovir for 12 Weeks Before Instituting Adefovir Dipivoxil Monotherapy in Patients With Chr [NCT00307242]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-17	Completed
A Post-marketing Surveillance to Monitor the Safety of HEPSERA(Adefovir Dipivoxil 10mg) Adminstered in Korean Subjects According to the Prescribing Information [NCT01329419]		4,393 participants (Actual)	Observational	2004-08-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00023309 (5) [back to overview]	Virological Response
NCT00023309 (5) [back to overview]	Biological Response
NCT00023309 (5) [back to overview]	HBeAg Loss at Week 196
NCT00023309 (5) [back to overview]	Histological Response
NCT00023309 (5) [back to overview]	Maintained Combined Response (Virological, Biochemical and Histological Response).
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 240 for ALT
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBeAg Loss or Seroconversion by ADV Week 192 (Open Label Analysis Set, Participants Who Were HBeAg Positive at ADV Baseline; Missing = Excluded)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Cumulative Summary of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline (Resistance Surveillance) for Subjects Who Received Combination ADV + Lamivudine Therapy
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Cumulative Summary of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 192)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Baseline)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 1000 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 240)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 1000 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Baseline)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 1000 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment - Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 192)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Normal ALT at ADV Week 240 (Missing = Failure)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Normal ALT at ADV Week 192 (Missing = Failure)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Normal ALT at Adefovir Baseline (Missing = Failure)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 240)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Durable HBeAg Seroconversion
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 192 for ALT
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Adefovir (ADV) Baseline Serum HBV DNA
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	ADV Baseline ALT
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 192 for Serum HBV DNA
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 240 for Serum HBV DNA
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBeAg Loss or Seroconversion by ADV Week 240 (Open Label Analysis Set, Participants Who Were HBeAg Positive at ADV Baseline; Missing = Excluded)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Loss or Seroconversion by End of Blinded Treatment (Study Week 48; Randomized and Treated Analysis Set)
NCT00095121 (22) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Serum Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) < 1000 Copies/mL (Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR]-Based Assay) and Normal Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Week 48 (Missing = Failure)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Knodell and Ishak Necroinflammatory Scores at Week 240
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Knodell and Ishak Necroinflammatory Scores at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Change From Week 48 in ALT at Weeks 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 144 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 192 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 240 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 288 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 336 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 384 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 432 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 48 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 480 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 96 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, and 384
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 432 and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBeAg Loss or Seroconversion to Anti-HBe at Week 96
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBsAg Loss or Seroconversion to Anti-HBs at Week 96
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Weeks 432 and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Loss/Seroconversion at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B S-Antigen (HBsAg) Loss or Seroconversion at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Histological Response at Week 240
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Histological Response at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Ranked Assessment of Necroinflammation and Fibrosis at Week 240
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Ranked Assessment of Necroinflammation and Fibrosis at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Change From Week 48 in HBV DNA at Weeks 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBsAg Loss or Seroconversion to Anti-HBs at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HBV DNA at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Normalization at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Week 96
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL and Histological Improvement (2-point Reduction in Knodell Necroinflammatory Score Without Worsening in Knodell Fibrosis Score) at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Week 96
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ALT at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00116805 (34) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, and 384
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Change From Week 48 in HBV DNA at Weeks 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 144 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Week 48
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 192 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 240 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 288 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 96
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Weeks 96
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Histological Response at Week 240
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Histological Response at Week 48
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Ranked Assessment of Necroinflammation and Fibrosis at Week 240
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Ranked Assessment of Necroinflammation and Fibrosis at Week 48
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HBV DNA at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Knodell and Ishak Necroinflammatory Scores at Week 240
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Knodell and Ishak Necroinflammatory Scores at Week 48
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 432 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ALT at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Change From Week 48 in ALT at Weeks 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 336 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 384 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 432 and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 48 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 480 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 96 (Resistance Surveillance)
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, and 384
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBsAg Loss and/or Seroconversion to Anti-HBs at Week 96
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBsAg Loss and/or Seroconversion to Anti-HBs at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL and Histological Improvement (2-point Reduction in Knodell Necroinflammatory Score Without Worsening in Knodell Fibrosis Score) at Week 48
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, and 384
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Weeks 432 and 480
NCT00117676 (32) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B S-Antigen (HBsAg) Loss or Seroconversion Antibody to HBs (Anti-HBs) at Week 48
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Rate of Emergence of Resistant Virus at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B s Antigen/ Antibody (HBsAg/Ab) Seroconversion at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B s Antigen (HBsAg) Loss at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen/Antibody (HBeAg/Ab) Seroconversion at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Loss at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA Loss (<400 Copies/mL) at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Normalization at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Level at Week 52
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Time to Onset of ALT Normalization
NCT00316719 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA at Week 52
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Liver Histology Scores in HBeAg Negative Participants With Two Sequential Liver Biopsies During the Period of 104 Weeks
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving ALT Normalization at Week 104
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving HBsAg Loss and HBsAg Seroconversion at Week 104
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving HBV DNA ≤300 Copies/mL at Week 104
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving HBV DNA ≤300 Copies/mL Over Time
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Histological Improvement After the 104-week Treatment
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With ADV-associated Resistance at Week 104
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Complete Response at Week 104
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Time to Protocol-defined Complete Response Over a 104-week Treatment Period
NCT00324961 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Median Serum HBV DNA Over Time
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Were Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen (HBeAg) Positive at Baseline and Developed Undetectable Levels of HBeAg at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Were HBsAg Positive at Baseline, With HBsAg Seroconversion at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Were HBeAg Positive at Baseline, With HBeAg Seroconversion at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Virological Response (HBV DNA Level <= 10^4 Copies/ml) at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Virological Response (HBV DNA Level <= 10^3 Copies/ml) at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Serum Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Level at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Histologic Improvement at Month 36 (Per Protocol Population)
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Histologic Improvement at Month 36 (Intent-to-Treat Population)
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Reduction From Screening of at Least 2 Points in the Knodell Necroinflammation Score at Month 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Undetectable HBV DNA at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Virological Breakthrough at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Normalization at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Reduction From Baseline in the Child-Pugh Score by 2 Points or More at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00347009 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Were Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Positive at Baseline and Developed Undetectable Levels of HBsAg at Months 12, 24, and 36
NCT00371761 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Combined Response Consisting of All Three Responses - (a) Serological Response, (b) Virological Response, and (c) Biochemical Response
NCT00376259 (2) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Achieving Specified Clinical and Laboratory Safety Criteria
NCT00376259 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA Concentration
NCT00403585 (6) [back to overview]	Safety Assessment: Number of Participants With a Serious Adverse Event and an Adverse Event
NCT00403585 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HBeAg Loss, HBeAg Seroconversion, HBsAg Loss and HBsAg Seroconversion at Week 104 & 156
NCT00403585 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Virological Response at Week 104 & 156
NCT00403585 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving ALT Normalization at Week 104 & 156
NCT00403585 (6) [back to overview]	Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA (log10 Copies/mL) Change From Baseline at Week 156 of Adefovir Therapy
NCT00403585 (6) [back to overview]	HBV DNA Levels at Each Collection Time Point From Baseline Through Week 156
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Median Serum HBV DNA at Weeks 24 and 48
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Number of HBeAg Positive Participants Achieving HBeAg Loss and HBeAg Seroconversion at Week 48
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Number of HBeAg Positive Participants Achieving Histological Improvement at Week 48
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) Normalization at Week 48
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving HBV DNA (Hepatitis B Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid) <1000 Copies/Milliliter at Week 48
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With ADV-associated Resistance at Week 48
NCT00441974 (7) [back to overview]	Ranked Assessment of Liver Histology in HBeAg Positive Participants From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01023217 (1) [back to overview]	Complete Virologic Response (CVR, Serum HBV DNA Undetectable by PCR or Less Than 60 IU/mL)
NCT01146808 (3) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With a Sustained Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Titer > 500 IU/mL Prior to and After Vaccination
NCT01146808 (3) [back to overview]	Development of de Novo Hepatitis B Infection After Transplant With a Core Antibody Positive Liver
NCT01146808 (3) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients Who Develop de Novo Hepatitis B Infection Post ADV Withdrawal, Which Will be Assessed at 6 Months Post Withdrawal
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Durable HBsAg Loss From Weeks 96 to Week 240
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants in the Indicated Category for Renal Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Normalization at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240 in Participants Who Had Abnormal ALT at Baseline
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and Any Non-serious Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Histological Improvement at Weeks 48 and 240 Who Had a Baseline Knodell Necroinflammatory Score (KNS) >=2.
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline of Log 10 Copies/mL HBV DNA at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Laboratory Abnormalities for Serum Creatinine and Serum Phosphorus
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Virological Breakthrough at Weeks 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Participants With HBV DNA <400 Copies/mL at Weeks 96, 144, 192, and 240
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Participants With Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) <400 Copies/Milliliter (mL) at Week 48
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of HBeAg-negative Participants Achieving HBsAg Loss and HBsAg Seroconversion at Weeks 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, 240
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Grade 3 and Grade 4 Treatment-emergent (TE) Laboratory Abnormalities (LAs)
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of HBeAg-positive Participants Achieving HBeAg Loss and HBeAg Seroconversion at Weeks 24, 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240.
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of HBeAg-positive Participants Achieving Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Loss and HBsAg Seroconversion at Weeks 24, 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240
NCT01300234 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Durable HBsAg Loss From Weeks 24 to Week 48
NCT01329419 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Serious Adverse Event
NCT01329419 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With an Adverse Event
NCT01329419 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Unexpected Adverse Events

Virological Response

A virological response was defined as a decrease in HBV DNA levels to undetectable by the Amplicor assay (<500 copies/mL). (NCT00023309)
Timeframe: Week 196 from randomization

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Yes	No
Adefovir	6	13
Lamivudine and Adefovir	17	5

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	HBeAg Loss	Seroconversion to Anti-HBe
ADV - ADV	56	44
PLB - ADV	33	11

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	No genotypic changes from baseline	Polymorphic site changes	Changes at conserved sites in HBV polymerase	Developed mutations specific to ADV and/or LAM	Unable to be genotyped
ADV - ADV	5	3	3	2	3
PLB - ADV	1	1	1	0	0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	HBeAg Loss	Seroconversion to Anti-HBe
Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV)	17	16
Placebo (PBL)	5	5

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Baseline	Week 24	Week 48 or End of Double-blind Treatment
Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV)	0	5	19
Placebo (PLB)	0	0	2

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Knodell Necroinflammatory Score	Ishak Necroinflammatory Score
ADV-TDF	-5.1	-4.5
TDF-TDF	-4.8	-4.1

Intervention	U/L (Mean)
	Week 96	Week 144	Week 192	Week 240	Week 288	Week 336	Week 384	Week 432	Week 480
ADV-TDF	-6.9	-0.7	-7.8	-8.1	-10.3	-9.3	-6.9	-11.6	-7.1
TDF-TDF	-2.0	-0.4	-1.3	3.7	-1.6	-1.2	-4.4	-4.3	-5.5

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Participants evaluated	Changes at conserved sites in HBV polymerase	Changes at polymorphic sites in HBV polymerase	No genotypic changes (wild-type virus)	Unable to be genotyped
ADV-TDF	5	2	3	0	0
ADV-TDF With Addition of FTC	5	0	0	3	1
TDF-TDF	2	1	0	1	0
TDF-TDF With Addition of FTC	7	2	3	2	0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	HBeAg Loss	HBeAg Seroconversion
ADV-TDF	17.5	17.5
TDF-TDF	22.2	20.9

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Improvement - Necroinflammation	No Change - Necroinflammation	Worsening - Necroinflammation	Improvement - Fibrosis	No Change - Fibrosis	Worsening - Fibrosis
ADV-TDF	97.9	2.1	0	58.3	39.6	2.1
TDF-TDF	96.1	3.9	0	56.6	39.5	3.9

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	HBsAg Loss - Week 144	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 144	HBsAg Loss - Week 192	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 192	HBsAg Loss - Week 240	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 240	HBsAg Loss - Week 288	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 288	HBsAg Loss - Week 336	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 336	HBsAg Loss - Week 384	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 384	HBsAg Loss - Week 432	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 432	HBsAg Loss - Week 480	Anti-HBs Seroconversion - Week 480
ADV-TDF	8.0	6.8	7.9	6.7	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	7.9	7.9	9.0	7.9	10.2	8.0	10.1	7.9
TDF-TDF	7.5	5.2	9.4	6.4	9.2	6.3	9.2	6.4	10.3	7.5	11.0	8.1	10.9	7.6	10.9	8.0

Intervention	log10 IU/mL (Mean)
	Week 48	Week 96	Week 144	Week 192	Week 240	Week 288	Week 336	Week 384	Week 432	Week 480
ADV-TDF	-3.93	-6.38	-6.31	-6.49	-6.45	-6.49	-6.46	-6.28	-6.45	-6.37
TDF-TDF	-6.17	-6.26	-6.32	-6.30	-6.22	-6.27	-6.35	-6.38	-6.13	-6.18

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Participants evaluated	Changes at conserved sites within HBV polymerase	Changes at polymorphic sites in HBV polymerase	No genotypic changes (wild-type virus)	Unable to genotype
ADV-TDF	0	0	0	0	0
TDF-TDF	4	0	1	2	1
TDF-TDF With Addition of FTC	0	0	0	0	0

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	With resistant mutation	Without resistant mutation
Adefovir (ADV)	0	100
Lamivudine (LAM)	28.8	71.2

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	With HBsAg/Ab seroconversion	Without HBsAg/Ab seroconversion
Adefovir (ADV)	0.0	100.0
Lamivudine (LAM)	0.0	100.0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	With loss of HBsAg	Positive for HBsAg
Adefovir (ADV)	0.0	100.0
Lamivudine (LAM)	0.0	100.0

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	With HBeAg/Ab seroconversion	Without HBeAg/Ab seroconversion
Adefovir (ADV)	9.7	90.3
Lamivudine (LAM)	5.9	94.1

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	With loss of HBeAg	Positive for HBeAg
Adefovir (ADV)	16.7	93.3
Lamivudine (LAM)	16.2	93.8

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	<400 copies/mL	>400 copies/mL
Adefovir (ADV)	46.0	54.0
Lamivudine (LAM)	50.0	50.0

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	With ALT normalization	Without ALT normalization
Adefovir (ADV)	82.6	17.4
Lamivudine (LAM)	78.4	21.6

Intervention	Points on a scale (Mean)
	Knodell score at baseline	Knodell score at week 104/withdrawal	Necroinflammation score at baseline	Necroinflammation score at week 104/withdrawal	Fibrosis score at baseline	Fibrosis score at week 104/withdrawal
HBeAg- at Baseline	8.0	5.4	6.3	3.2	1.6	2.1

adefovir dipivoxil

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (103)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (5)

Drug Classes (4)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (31)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (78)

Molecular Functions (35)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (294)

Research

Studies (633)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 53.84

Study Types

Clinical Trials (74)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Virological Response

Biological Response

HBeAg Loss at Week 196

Histological Response

Maintained Combined Response (Virological, Biochemical and Histological Response).

Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 240 for ALT

Percentage of Participants With HBeAg Loss or Seroconversion by ADV Week 192 (Open Label Analysis Set, Participants Who Were HBeAg Positive at ADV Baseline; Missing = Excluded)

Cumulative Summary of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline (Resistance Surveillance) for Subjects Who Received Combination ADV + Lamivudine Therapy

Cumulative Summary of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline (Resistance Surveillance)

Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 192)

Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Baseline)

Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 1000 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 240)

Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 1000 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Baseline)

Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 1000 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment - Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 192)

Percentage of Participants With Normal ALT at ADV Week 240 (Missing = Failure)

Percentage of Participants With Normal ALT at ADV Week 192 (Missing = Failure)

Percentage of Participants With Normal ALT at Adefovir Baseline (Missing = Failure)

Percentage of Participants With Serum HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL (PCR-based Assay) While on Treatment (Missing = Failure) (ADV Week 240)

Percentage of Participants With Durable HBeAg Seroconversion

Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 192 for ALT

Adefovir (ADV) Baseline Serum HBV DNA

ADV Baseline ALT

Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 192 for Serum HBV DNA

Change From ADV Baseline to ADV Week 240 for Serum HBV DNA

Percentage of Participants With HBeAg Loss or Seroconversion by ADV Week 240 (Open Label Analysis Set, Participants Who Were HBeAg Positive at ADV Baseline; Missing = Excluded)

Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Loss or Seroconversion by End of Blinded Treatment (Study Week 48; Randomized and Treated Analysis Set)

Percentage of Participants With Serum Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) < 1000 Copies/mL (Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR]-Based Assay) and Normal Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Week 48 (Missing = Failure)

Change From Baseline in Knodell and Ishak Necroinflammatory Scores at Week 240

Change From Baseline in Knodell and Ishak Necroinflammatory Scores at Week 48

Change From Week 48 in ALT at Weeks 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384, 432, and 480

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 144 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 192 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 240 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 288 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 336 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 384 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 432 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 48 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 480 (Resistance Surveillance)

Number of Participants With HBV Genotypic Changes From Baseline at Week 96 (Resistance Surveillance)

Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, and 384

Percentage of Participants With ALT Normalization at Weeks 432 and 480

Percentage of Participants With HBeAg Loss or Seroconversion to Anti-HBe at Week 96

Percentage of Participants With HBsAg Loss or Seroconversion to Anti-HBs at Week 96

Percentage of Participants With HBV DNA < 400 Copies/mL at Weeks 432 and 480

Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Loss/Seroconversion at Week 48

Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B S-Antigen (HBsAg) Loss or Seroconversion at Week 48

Percentage of Participants With Histological Response at Week 240

Intervention	participants (Number)
	ALT normalization	ALT non-normalization
HBeAg- at Baseline	333	102

Intervention	participants (Number)
	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL	HBV DNA > 300 cp/mL
HBeAg- at Baseline	85	403

Intervention	participants (Number)
	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 13, n=528	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 26, n=525	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 39, n=523	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 52, n=522	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 65, n=514	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 78, n=513	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 91, n=505	HBV DNA ≤300 cp/mL, Week 104, n=488
HBeAg- at Baseline	262	350	393	413	415	415	421	403

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Histological improvement	No histological change	Histological worsening
HBeAg- at Baseline	21	17	13

Intervention	participants (Number)
	HBV DNA breakthrough	ADV-associated resistance
10 mg Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV)	77	9

Intervention	log10 copies/mL (Median)
	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 13	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 26	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 39	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 52	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 65	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 78	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 91	Serum HBV DNA Reduction at week 104
HBeAg- at Baseline	-3.2	-3.5	-3.6	-3.6	-3.7	-3.8	-3.7	-3.7

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Month 12	Month 24	Month 36
Adefovir Dipivoxil 10 Milligrams (mg)	17	27	28

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Undetectable HBV DNA at week 12	Undetectable HBV DNA at week 24	Undetectable HBV DNA at week 48	Undetectable HBV DNA at week 60	Serum ALT normalization at week 12	Serum ALT normalization at week 24	Serum ALT normalization at week 48	Serum ALT normalization at week 60	HBeAg loss at week 12	HBeAg loss at week 24	HBeAg loss at week 48	HBeAg loss at week 60	HBeAg seroconversion at week 12	HBeAg seroconversion at week 24	HBeAg seroconversion at week 48	HBeAg seroconversion at week 60	HBsAg loss at week 12	HBsAg loss at week 24	HBsAg loss at week 48	HBsAg loss at week 60	HBsAg seroconversion at week 12	HBsAg seroconversion at week 24	HBsAg seroconversion at week 48	HBsAg seroconversion at week 60
Adefovir Monotherapy	5.0	10.0	0.0	0.0	25.0	35.0	33.3	0.0	0.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Combination Therapy	4.8	15.0	38.5	0.0	40.0	55.0	69.2	50.0	0.0	5.0	23.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	15.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Intervention	Log10 Copies/mL (Mean)
	At Baseline (N = 21, 20)	At Week 12	Change from Baseline to Week 12	At Baseline (N = 20, 20)	At Week 24	Change from Baseline to Week 24	At Baseline (N = 13, 9)	At Week 48	Change from Baseline to Week 48	At Baseline (N = 2, 3)	At Week 60	Change from Baseline to Week 60
Adefovir Monotherapy	10.127	5.515	-4.612	10.127	5.161	-4.966	10.207	5.272	-4.934	10.097	4.330	-5.767
Combination Therapy	10.240	4.405	-5.835	10.279	3.678	-6.601	10.652	3.274	-7.378	9.605	3.360	-6.245

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Week 104 HBeAg loss, n=77	Week 104 HBeAg seroconversion, n=77	Week 104 HBsAg loss, n=77	Week 104 HBsAg seroconversion, n=77	Week 156 HBeAg loss, n=73	Week 156 HBeAg seroconversion, n=73	Week 156 HBsAg loss, n=73	Week 156 HBsAg seroconversion, n=73
Adefovir Dipivoxil	23	6	0	0	27	12	1	0