fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 51556 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1898629 |
| CHEBI ID | 81925 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 39607 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 16881788 |
| MeSH ID | M0234369 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| AC-12677 |
| reflex |
| einecs 276-439-9 |
| fomesafen [ansi:bsi:iso] |
| 5-(2-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-n-methylsulphonyl-2-nitrobenzamide |
| 5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-n-(methylsulphonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| fomesafene |
| epa pesticide chemical code 123802 |
| fomesafene [iso-french] |
| 5-(2-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-n-mesyl-2-nitrobenzamide |
| benzamide, 5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-n-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitro- |
| hsdb 6660 |
| 5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-n-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzamide |
| 5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-n-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| pp021 |
| NCGC00163908-01 |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-n-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| fomesafen |
| 72178-02-0 |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-n-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzamide |
| A837441 |
| 5-[2-chloranyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-n-methylsulfonyl-2-nitro-benzamide |
| NCGC00163908-02 |
| NCGC00163908-03 |
| C18736 |
| unii-m0a3u4cdtf |
| m0a3u4cdtf , |
| NCGC00258946-01 |
| NCGC00254441-01 |
| cas-72178-02-0 |
| tox21_300518 |
| dtxsid7024112 , |
| dtxcid704112 |
| tox21_201395 |
| FT-0630807 |
| AKOS015902892 |
| 5-(2-chloro-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-n-mesyl-2-nitrobenzamide |
| fomesafen [hsdb] |
| fomesafen [iso] |
| fomesafen [mi] |
| SCHEMBL39607 |
| KS-5045 |
| chebi:81925 , |
| CHEMBL1898629 |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-n-mesyl-2-nitrobenzamide |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-n-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxyl]-n-(methylsulphonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| n-methylsulfonyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitro-benzamide |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitro-n-methanesulfonyl benzamide |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifiuoromethyl)phenoxyl]-n-(methylsulphony)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| 5-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-nitro-n-methanesulphonyl benzamide |
| 5-(2chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-nitro-n-methansulphonyl benzamide |
| 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-n-(methylsulphonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide |
| SCHEMBL16881788 |
| fomesafen, pestanal(r), analytical standard |
| fomesafen 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile |
| A934208 |
| mfcd01632756 |
| Q22807800 |
| HY-B2010 |
| flex; flexstar;pp021; reflex |
| CS-0014111 |
| pp-021 |
| pp 021 |
| formesafen |
| F1236 |
| AKOS040744642 |
Fomesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide used to control the growth of broadleaf weeds in bean fields. Sugar beet is a sensitive crop to fomesafens. FomesafEN is a long residual herbicide and poses a potential risk to environmental safety.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Fomesafen treatment resulted in preneoplastic changes (liver nodules and foci of altered hepatocytes) in both strains, uroporphyria developed only in ICR mice." | ( Liver preneoplastic changes in mice treated with the herbicide fomesafen. Chlumská, A; Fakan, F; Krijt, J; Sanitrák, J; Stránská, P, 1999) | 1.26 |
The application of herbicide fomesafen plays a crucial role in ensuring global soybean productivity in modern agriculture. It results in both adverse effects on soil ecosystems and phytotoxicity to succeeding crops. We systematically reviewed the research progress about the residual characteristics, ecotoxicological effects and abatement process.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The effect of particle size on the time elapsing between administration and loss of righting reflex and % of deaths by determining the LD50 has been studied in mice." | ( Biopharmaceutical factors influencing LD50. Part II: Particle size. Ring, PE; Ritschel, WA; Siegel, EG, 1975) | 0.25 |
| "Neurotoxicity is the principal limiting side effect of the widely used antitumor agent, vincristine." | ( Amelioration of vincristine neurotoxicity by glutamic acid. Atkins, JN; Cruz, JM; Jackson, DV; Muss, HB; Richards, F; Wells, HB; White, DR; Zekan, PJ, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Isobolograms (plots of equieffective dose combinations) of these LD50s and ED50s showed that low doses of ethanol reduced the LD50 of phencyclidine (PCP) by about 20%, while higher doses (1-3 g/kg) of ethanol were without further effect." | ( Toxicity of phencyclidine and ethanol in combination. Brunet, BL; Reiffenstein, RJ; Williams, T; Wong, L, ) | 0.13 |
| " NaNO2 produced a moderate degree of developmental toxicity, but no evidence was found to suggest that the central nervous system was the target organ for the toxic effects." | ( Developmental toxicity and psychotoxicity of sodium nitrite in rats. Brunner, RL; Butcher, RE; Vorhees, CV; Wootten, V, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " No apparent alteration in the food efficiency index was detected, thus maternal malnutrition may not have been a factor in producing adverse effects on offspring." | ( Developmental toxic effect after subcutaneous injections of methadone in Charles River CD-1 mice. Bui, QQ; Sperling, F; West, WL, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "1 Fifty infusions of epoprostenol (PGI2) were made, usually increasing the infusion rate until adverse effects were encountered." | ( Side effects occurring during administration of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2), in man. O'Grady, J; Pickles, H, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The LD50 of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide were not modified by physostigmine administration, but that of flurazepam was significantly decreased." | ( Effects of physostigmine on benzodiazepine toxicity. Bamonte, F; Ongini, E; Parravicini, L, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " The well known ototoxicity of neomycin was observed and RU 25434 appeared to be relatively less toxic than amikacin." | ( Comparative ototoxic effects of RU 25434, amikacin and neomycin in guinea-pigs. Boissier, JR; Dumont, C; N'guyen, P, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " We conclude that the laryngeal mask provides a safe and effective form of airway management for infants and children in the hands of supervised anaesthesia trainees both for spontaneous and controlled ventilation using either isoflurane or total intravenous anaesthesia." | ( Safety and efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway. A prospective survey of 1400 children. Alvarez, M; Brimacombe, J; Lopez-Gil, M, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " No adverse effect of taltirelin hydrate on the body weight gain, food consumption, water intake, and reproductive performance was observed in this group." | ( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of taltirelin hydrate (2) teratogenicity study in rats by oral administration]. Asano, Y; Imado, N; Imahie, H; Kobayashi, T; Nishida, A, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " No adverse effect of taltirelin hydrate on the body weight gain, food consumption and reproductive performance was observed in this group." | ( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of taltirelin hydrate (4) perinatal and postnatal study in rats by oral administration]. Asano, Y; Imahie, H; Kobayashi, T; Koguchi, A, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " No patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events." | ( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil (Viagra) in men with erectile dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury. Derry, FA; Dinsmore, WW; Fraser, M; Gardner, BP; Glass, CA; Maytom, MC; Smith, MD, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The goals of the study were to find a safe intraperitoneal injection anesthesia protocol for medium-duration surgery in mice (e." | ( Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth. Arras, M; Autenried, P; Rettich, A; Rülicke, T; Spaeni, D, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " However, ethanol is frequently co-ingested by those who ingest these more toxic alcohols." | ( Effects of 4-methylpyrazole on ethanol neurobehavioral toxicity in CD-1 mice. Maher, T; Páez, AM; Quang, L; Shannon, M, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The authors hypothesized that in the setting of severe GHB intoxication, physostigmine would reverse sedation without producing adverse effects such as a decrease in heart rate, seizures, and fasciculations." | ( Physostigmine does not effect arousal but produces toxicity in an animal model of severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate intoxication. Bania, TC; Chu, J, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " There were no adverse effects of tartrazine on either litter size, litter weight and sex ratio at birth." | ( Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet. Tanaka, T, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " This may be relevant for the assessment of benzene toxic profile for the progeny of pregnant subjects, although teratogenic effects are not observed." | ( Long-lasting neurotoxicity of prenatal benzene acute exposure in rats. Bellia, M; Drago, F; Lo Pumo, R; Micale, V; Nicosia, A, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Potential adverse effects of pre- and post-natal exposure on the development and function of the nervous system in offspring of rats given PS80 were examined." | ( Evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity of polysorbate 80 in rats. Ema, M; Hara, H; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Hirose, A; Kamata, E; Matsumoto, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the maximum capacity of fluid that can safely dwell in the hypopharynx [hypopharyngeal safe volume (HPSV)] before spilling into the larynx and the threshold volumes required to trigger pharyngoglottal closure reflex (PGCR), pharyngo-upper esophageal sphincter contractile reflex (PUCR), and reflexive pharyngeal swallow (RPS)." | ( Pharyngeal airway protective reflexes are triggered before the maximum volume of fluid that the hypopharynx can safely hold is exceeded. Dua, K; Hafeezullah, M; Kuribayashi, S; Shaker, R; Surapaneni, SN, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Following brain injury, return of consciousness and cough reflex are presumed to be associated with safe airway." | ( Good airway reflexes and normal sensorium do not assure safe tracheal extubation in patients with cerebral hemispheric pathology. Bansal, S; Rao, GS; Smita, V; Sriganesh, K, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Formesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that has adverse effects on non-target animals." | ( Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the earthworm Eisenia fetida induced by low doses of fomesafen. Han, Y; Wang, J; Xie, H; Yang, J; Zhang, Q; Zhu, L, 2013) | 0.61 |
| "Studies on young volunteers have shown that aerodigestive reflexes are triggered before the maximum volume of fluid that can safely collect in the hypopharynx before spilling into the larynx is exceeded (hypopharyngeal safe volume [HPSV])." | ( Effect of aging on hypopharyngeal safe volume and the aerodigestive reflexes protecting the airways. Dua, KS; Hafeezullah, M; Kuribayashi, S; Shaker, R; Surapaneni, SN, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Throughout the experiment, we concluded that 0-500 μg/kg of fomesafen could not produce significant toxic effects on soil microbial community structure and activities." | ( Effects of fomesafen on soil enzyme activity, microbial population, and bacterial community composition. Sun, F; Wang, F; Wang, J; Xie, H; Zhang, Q; Zhu, L, 2014) | 1.03 |
| " Moreover, its use is less toxic and safer." | ( Comparison of Pharmacological Potency and Safety of Glutamate Blocker IEM-1913 and Memantine. Gmiro, VE; Serdyuk, SE; Veselkina, OS, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Previous studies have shown that N(1),N(12)-bis(all-trans-retinoyl)spermine (RASP), a retinoid analog, inhibits RNase P activity and angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane, demonstrates anti-tumor activity on prostate cancer cells, and acts as anti-inflammatory agent, being more effective and less toxic than all-trans retinoic acid." | ( Investigation on Toxicity and Teratogenicity in Rats of a Retinoid-Polyamine Conjugate with Potent Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Douroumi, S; Drainas, D; Giannakopoulou, D; Grafanaki, K; Karamanos, NK; Kostopoulos, CG; Magoulas, GE; Malavaki, CJ; Papachristou, D; Papadaki, H; Papaioannou, D; Petridis, T; Stamatopoulou, V, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and drug-related TEAEs were reported by 252 (82." | ( Capsaicin 8% Patch Repeat Treatment in Nondiabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A 52-Week, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Safety Study. Attal, N; Ernault, E; Gálvez, R; Maihöfner, C; Moyle, G; Navez, ML; Nurmikko, TJ; Stoker, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " In this study, the fate of fomesafen in these alternative systems was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) following extraction using a modified Quick Easy Cheap Effective Safe (QuEChERS) method." | ( Dissipation of fomesafen in fumigated, anaerobic soil disinfestation-treated, and organic-amended soil in Florida tomato production systems. Di Gioia, F; Hong, J; Hwang, JI; Li, Z; Ozores-Hampton, M; Pisani, C; Rosskopf, E; Wilson, PC; Zhao, X, 2020) | 1.21 |
| "Crossing nape EA is safe and effective in the treatment of cough reflex disorder after cerebral hemorrhage in guinea pigs." | ( [Safety research on treatment of cough reflex disorder after cerebral hemorrhage with crossing nape electroacupuncture in guinea pig]. Cai, GF; Jia, KP; Pei, SY; Wang, H; Wang, X, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The application of herbicide fomesafen plays a crucial role in ensuring global soybean productivity in modern agriculture, but it results in both adverse effects on soil ecosystems and phytotoxicity to succeeding crops." | ( Exposure to fomesafen alters the gut microbiota and the physiology of the earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. Chang, X; Li, X; Li, Y; Sun, Y; Weng, L; Yang, S; Zhao, L, 2021) | 1.29 |
| " However, how rice ACEs respond to toxic agrochemicals is largely unknown." | ( Identification, characterization and expression of rice (Oryza sativa) acetyltransferase genes exposed to realistic environmental contamination of mesotrione and fomesafen. Chen, ZJ; Liu, J; Yang, H; Zhang, N, 2022) | 0.92 |
| " In contrast, knocking out OsACE1 led to compromised growth fitness and intensified toxic symptoms under MTR/FSA stress and accumulation of more toxic MTR and FSA in rice." | ( Detoxification and catabolism of mesotrione and fomesafen facilitated by a Phase II reaction acetyltransferase in rice. Jie Chen, Z; Liu, J; Yan Zhai, X; Yang, H; Zhang, N, 2023) | 1.17 |
| " We systematically reviewed the research progress about the residual characteristics, ecotoxicological effects and abatement process of fomesafen in farmland soil, and proposed some prospects from the residual formation mechanisms, safe application limit standard, abatement mechanism and technology, aiming to provide some new insights and ideas for solving the problem of residual injury of fomesafen." | ( Research progress on residual characteristics, ecological risk, and abatement of fomesafen in farmland soil. Chen, SS; Ren, WJ; Teng, Y, 2023) | 1.34 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Pharmacodynamic analysis offered the results that the dose-normalized biophase levels of CZX were coincident with each other when CZX was given at three different doses under ACH anesthesia at the dose of 80 mg/kg." | ( Influence of alpha-chloralose on muscle relaxant effect of chlorzoxazone in rats and pharmacodynamic analysis. Fukuda, T; Fukumori, Y; Kaneko, I; Takeuchi, Y, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The results demonstrate the usefulness of serial sampling of CSF in pharmacodynamic studies with centrally acting drugs." | ( Application of serial sampling of cerebrospinal fluid in pharmacodynamic studies with a drug active in the CNS: heptabarbital concentrations at onset and offset of loss of righting reflex in rats. Curzon, G; Danhof, M; Dingemanse, J; Hutson, PH; Langemeijer, MW, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " This evidence of a pharmacodynamic interaction between contraceptive steroids and ethanol in rats is consistent with a recent clinical report of significant contraceptive steroid-related improvement in tolerance to ethanol with no apparent effect on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol." | ( Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXII. Effects of contraceptive steroids on the pharmacodynamics of ethanol in rats. Levy, G; Wanwimolruk, S, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " This investigation, which was designed to exclude or account for pharmacokinetic variables and to avoid confounding secondary effects, such as hypothermia and development of acute functional tolerance, showed a substantial increase in CNS sensitivity to phenobarbital and ethanol with increasing age in rats between the age of 1 and 9 months, and a less pronounced increase (phenobarbital) or no significant change (ethanol) in rats between 9 and 18 months of age." | ( Effect of age on the pharmacodynamics of phenobarbital and ethanol in rats. Levy, G; Wanwimolruk, S, 1987) | 0.27 |
| "The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the reported prolongation of barbiturate- and ethanol-induced sleeping times by nicotine in rodents are pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions." | ( Kinetics of drug action in disease states XI: effect of nicotine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital and ethanol in rats. Hisaoka, M; Levy, G, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using an open two-compartment model." | ( Infusion strategies to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hypnotic drugs: etomidate as an example. Schüttler, J; Schwilden, H; Stoeckel, H, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "The electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of thiopentone have been used extensively in the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic modelling of drug effects in the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Pharmacodynamics of thiopentone: nocifensive reflex threshold changes correlate with hippocampal electroencephalography. Archer, DP; Roth, SH, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Examples of the determination of pharmacodynamic parameters such as regional blood flow, large artery diameter, resistance, conductance, and blood pressure are given for conscious rabbits and anaesthetized dog preparations." | ( Techniques to measure pharmacodynamics in the intact vasculature. Angus, JA; Wright, CE, ) | 0.13 |
| " Pharmacokinetic variables were determined by noncompartmental analysis." | ( The influence of parecoxib, a parenteral cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of midazolam. Feldman, J; Ibrahim, A; Karim, A; Kharasch, E, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Consistent with the prediction that reduced GHB brain concentrations could translate to decreased pharmacodynamic effects, a pilot study in rats showed that the pronounced GHB sedative/hypnotic effects (24." | ( Potential gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) drug interactions through blood-brain barrier transport inhibition: a pharmacokinetic simulation-based evaluation. Bhattacharya, I; Boje, KM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The pharmacokinetic and related pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine at these doses have not been characterized." | ( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine after a single intravenous administration in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Chabert, J; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Desmeules, J; Escher, M; Hopfgartner, G, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a compartmental model using specialized software." | ( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine after a single intravenous administration in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Chabert, J; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Desmeules, J; Escher, M; Hopfgartner, G, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The pharmacokinetic models focused on incorporating covariate, especially age for pediatric-geriatric use, and altered physiological states." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling in anesthesia, intensive care and pain medicine. Glass, PS; Sadean, MR, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " A two-compartment model was used to describe propofol pharmacokinetics, and the pedal withdrawal reflex was used as the sedation pharmacodynamic response." | ( Influence of time of day on propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rabbits. Bienert, A; Grześkowiak, E; Kokot, ZJ; Matysiak, J; Płotek, W; Ratajczak, N; Szczesny, D; Wiczling, P; Zawidzka, I, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Here, we analyzed the occupancy of 5-HT1A receptors in living Sprague-Dawley rat brains by a novel candidate drug for OAB, E2110, using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and assessed the utility of a receptor occupancy (RO) assay to establish a pharmacodynamic index translatable between animals and humans." | ( A small-animal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic PET study of central serotonin 1A receptor occupancy by a potential therapeutic agent for overactive bladder. Higuchi, M; Ishihara, H; Maeda, J; Nakatani, Y; Sakai, M; Suhara, T; Suzuki, M; Takenaka, O; Tokunaga, M; Yoshinaga, T; Zhang, MR, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "A two compartmental model best described the romifidine pharmacokinetic profile." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the antinociceptive effect of a romifidine infusion in standing horses. Diez Bernal, S; Levionnois, O; Spadavecchia, C; Studer, N; Thormann, W, 2020) | 0.56 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The fate of colostrum and other fluids given with an oesophageal feeder was studied in newborn calves and in young calves up to 3 weeks by means of radiological techniques." | ( The failure of the oesophageal groove reflex, when fluids are given with an oesophageal feeder to newborn and young calves. Breukink, HJ; Lateur-Rowet, HJ, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " These results suggest that nitrous oxide or its combination with fentanyl has a depressant action on the transmission of monosynaptic reflexes in the spinal cord, but nitrous oxide might exert less effect on the spinal interneurones which mediate polysynaptic reflexes." | ( Effect of nitrous oxide alone or its combination with fentanyl on spinal reflexes in cats. Goto, K; Maruyama, H; Sugai, N, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The results also implied that the HUT test combined with isoproterenol infusion is useful for the provocation of coronary spasm." | ( Head-up tilt test combined with isoproterenol infusion provokes coronary vasospastic angina. Hamasakai, S; Horimoto, M; Igarashi, K; Inoue, H; Matsushima, H; Miyata, S; Ohizumi, S; Shibuya, E; Takenaka, T; Yoshimura, H, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The effect of nitrendipine (NTP) alone and in combination with phenytoin (PHT) and valproate (VPA) against maximal electroshock seizures (MES) was studied in rats." | ( Anticonvulsant and psychomotor activity of nitrendipine alone and in combination with phenytoin and valproate in rats. Balakrishnan, S; Bhargava, VK; Pandhi, P, ) | 0.13 |
| "To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR50) for propofol alone and in combination with ketamine required to attenuate reflexes commonly used in the assessment of anesthetic depth in cats." | ( Effect of variable-dose propofol alone and in combination with two fixed doses of ketamine for total intravenous anesthesia in cats. Ilkiw, JE; Pascoe, PJ; Tripp, LD, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Propofol alone or combined with ketamine may be used for total IV anesthesia in healthy cats at the infusion rates determined in this study for attenuation of specific reflex activity." | ( Effect of variable-dose propofol alone and in combination with two fixed doses of ketamine for total intravenous anesthesia in cats. Ilkiw, JE; Pascoe, PJ; Tripp, LD, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "To explore the feasibility of erectile reflex circuit reconstruction by autologous vein graft combined with the use of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)." | ( [Reconstruction of erectile reflex circuit by autologous vein graft combined with use of insulin-like growth factor]. Hu, LQ; Hu, WL; Li, SW; Zheng, XM, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Reparation of ablated CNs by autologous vein graft combined with local injection of IGF-I is a new effective method to treat ED following CN injury." | ( [Reconstruction of erectile reflex circuit by autologous vein graft combined with use of insulin-like growth factor]. Hu, LQ; Hu, WL; Li, SW; Zheng, XM, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "This hypothesis was tested in an experiment where information about the effect of a drug was combined with administration of an active drug or placebo." | ( Stimulant and relaxant drugs combined with stimulant and relaxant information: a study of active placebo. Aamo, T; Flaten, MA; Olsen, H; Sager, G; Simonsen, T; Zahlsen, K, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Ecotoxicological effects of the diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen, applied alone or in combination with the adjuvant Agral 90 (mixture of polyethoxylated derivatives of nonylphenol), were assessed on planktonic communities in 18-m3 outdoor mesocosms during a nine-month study." | ( Effects of fomesafen, alone and in combination with an adjuvant, on plankton communities in freshwater outdoor pond mesocosms. Caquet, T; Deydier-Stephan, L; Lacroix, G; Le Rouzic, B; Lescher-Moutoué, F, 2005) | 0.96 |
| " The STR was mimicked in mice treated with BD 1047 (a putative σ(1) receptor antagonist), but not SM-21, a putative σ(2) receptor antagonist, in combination with METH." | ( Straub tail reaction in mice treated with σ(1) receptor antagonist in combination with methamphetamine. Hall, FS; Kitanaka, J; Kitanaka, N; Nishiyama, N; Takemura, M; Tanaka, K; Uhl, GR, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " GVS elicited responses in soleus both independently and when combined with cutaneous stimulation." | ( Subthreshold vestibular reflex effects in seated humans can contribute to soleus activation when combined with cutaneous inputs. Bent, LR; Thomas, KE, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " This trial will evaluate the effects of propofol combined with small doses of dezocine, oxycodone, sufentanil or fentanyl for gastroscopy." | ( Effect of propofol combined with opioids on cough reflex suppression in gastroscopy: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Cao, YZ; Lu, X; Xia, J; Xie, J; Yin, N; Yuan, J, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " In this study, the diagnostic value of BCR combined with EAS-EMG in patients with MSA and PD was further discussed." | ( Application of bulbocavernosus reflex combined with anal sphincter electromyography in the diagnosis of MSA and PD. Cheng, Y; Deng, B; Fan, Z; Hu, W; Niu, X; Shao, B; Zhang, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Our study revealed that BCR combined with EAS-EMG detection can provide an objective electrophysiological basis for the diagnosis of MSA and PD, which is beneficial for the early treatment of disease." | ( Application of bulbocavernosus reflex combined with anal sphincter electromyography in the diagnosis of MSA and PD. Cheng, Y; Deng, B; Fan, Z; Hu, W; Niu, X; Shao, B; Zhang, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The similarity of this behavior to that seen after systemic administration to experimental animals of exogenous neuroleptics suggests that a disturbance in the bioavailability of this neuropeptide to receptor sites in brain-perhaps due to lack of enzymatic cleavage from the circulating parent hormone, beta-lipotropin--may be an etiological factor in those psychopathological states for which the exogenous neuroleptics exert an ameliorative influence." | ( The C-fragment of beta-lipotropin: an endogenous neuroleptic or antipsychotogen? Jacquet, YF; Marks, N, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " This study explored the influence of organic cosolvent-induced myotoxicity on the bioavailability of a model compound, diazepam." | ( Effect of organic cosolvent-induced skeletal muscle damage on the bioavailability of intramuscular [14C]diazepam. Brazeau, GA; Fung, HL, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Similarly, clinical myotonolytic activity of eperisone would only be expected at high doses unless its functional bioavailability were to be much better in man than in either the mouse or rabbit." | ( Comparison of the myotonolytic activity of tizanidine, eperisone and afloqualone in mouse and rabbit. Coward, DM; White, TG, ) | 0.13 |
| " Second, we measured the net rate of absorption of D-glucose from sodium-free solution; this parameter is related to the rate of sodium ion secretion." | ( Glucose-induced ion secretion in rat jejunum: a mucosal reflex that requires integration by the myenteric plexus. Bass, P; See, NA, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Previous work has shown that this molecule can sequester nerve growth factor and reduce its bioavailability both in vitro and in vivo." | ( The role of nerve growth factor in a model of visceral inflammation. Dmitrieva, N; McMahon, SB; Rice, AS; Shelton, D, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Due to low central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability of delta-opioid peptides, little is known about the effect of systemic administration of delta-opioid receptor ligands." | ( Spinal delta-opioid receptors mediate suppression of systemic SNC80 on excitability of the flexor reflex in normal and inflamed rat. Cao, CQ; Dray, A; Hong, Y; Perkins, M, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for catecholamine synthesis, is reduced with aging." | ( Oral sapropterin augments reflex vasoconstriction in aged human skin through noradrenergic mechanisms. Alexander, LM; Kenney, WL; Stanhewicz, AE, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Adsorption, leaching and bioavailability of fomesafen to corn in a Chinese soil amended by rice hull biochar after 0, 30, 90 and 180days were investigated." | ( Effects of aging process on adsorption-desorption and bioavailability of fomesafen in an agricultural soil amended with rice hull biochar. Fang, H; Khorram, MS; Lin, D; Yu, Y; Zhang, Q; Zheng, Y, 2017) | 0.95 |
| " We further reasoned that PN-CS restricts bioavailability of plasticity-inducing factors such as semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) to bring about circuit maturation." | ( Regulatory roles of perineuronal nets and semaphorin 3A in the postnatal maturation of the central vestibular circuitry for graviceptive reflex. Chan, YS; Kwan, PY; Ma, CW; Shum, DK; Wu, KL, 2019) | 0.51 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "0002 dyne cm-2) and were subsequently injected subcutaneously with kanamycin (400 mg kg-1 day-1) for 28 days; during this time and for five weeks after dosage was stopped, the nature and extent of the resultant hearing deficits were studied." | ( The quantification of kanamycin ototoxicity in the rat using conditioned tone discrimination. D'Arcy, PF; Harpur, ES, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Dose-response curves were established for the blockade of ICSS by the antipsychotic drugs chlorpromazine, thioridazine, clozapine, and pimozide and the alpha-antagonist phenoxybenzamine." | ( Blockade of intracranial self-stimulation by antipsychotic drugs: failure to correlate with central alpha-noradrenergic blockade. Setler, P; Weidley, E; Zarevics, P, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " At dosage levels of atenolol giving a mean resting systolic blood pressure equal to that during nonselective beta-blockade, diastolic levels on atenolol tended to be lower at rest and during the mental and handgrip forms of stress." | ( Atenolol and three nonselective beta-blockers in hypertension. Waal-Manning, HJ, 1979) | 0.26 |
| "The literature on anaesthesiological studies performed to investigate a possible sparing effect of diazepam on the dosage of muscle-relaxants during anaesthesia is reviewed." | ( The influence of diazepam on the dosage of muscel-relaxants during anaesthesia. Martins, HF, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " The increase was blocked by phenoxybenzamine at a dosage level of 20 mg/kg which did not, of itself, reduce flexor reflex amplitude." | ( A system for measuring the noradrenaline receptor contribution to the flexor reflex. Austin, JH; Fuxe, K; Nygren, LG, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " The incidence of tracheal soiling was lower than that with other intravenous techniques and could be attributed to the use of the semisupine position or the baseline concept of narcotic dosage in the Jorgensen technique." | ( The efficacy of the laryngeal reflex in conscious sedation. Allen, GD; Jorgensen, NB; Ricks, CS, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " The fall in blood pressure during beta-adrenergic blockade with a low dosage of propranolol apparently does not depend on changed baroreflex sensitivity, but on the intrinsic action of this drug on beta-receptors." | ( Baroreflex sensitivity in hypertension during beta-adrenergic blockade. Dunning, AJ; Krediet, RT, 1979) | 0.26 |
| "25 asthma patients regularly showed an increase in respiratory resistance, as measured by the oscillation method, after propellant from a dosage aerosol had been sprayed into their buccal or nasal cavity." | ( [Do aerosol propellants produce a bronchoconstrictor effect? (author's transl)]. Berger, D; Förster, E; Nolte, D, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The reversibility of the IR offers the advantages of chronic studies (evaluation of long-term effects, replication of results, and dose-response testing in which each animal can serve as his own control)." | ( Use of the immobility reflex ("animal hypnosis") in neuropharmacological studies. Klemm, WR, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " Bilateral labyrinthectomy or prolonged dosage with streptomycin was found to nearly abolish the counterroll reflex." | ( Effect of labyrinthectomy on the dynamic vestibulo-ocular counterrol reflex in the rhesus monkey. Hite, D; Hyams, VJ; Junker, AM; Smiles, KA, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " It was found that both the curve for loss of righting reflex and the log dose-response curve, and hence the LD50, were significantly shifted to the right." | ( Biopharmaceutical factors influencing LD50. Part II: Particle size. Ring, PE; Ritschel, WA; Siegel, EG, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Brain weights were depressed significantly in all thyroxine treated groups except in the 9k-mug dosage in H mice." | ( Neonatal thyroxine administration, behavioral maturation, and brain growth in mice of different brain weight. Chen, C; Fuller, JL, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " A dose of 300 mg/kg of NMDA significantly shifted the dose-response curve of ketamine for loss of righting reflex to the right." | ( Ketamine-induced anesthesia involves the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-channel complex in mice. Fukuda, T; Irifune, M; Nomoto, M; Shimizu, T, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Experiment 2 demonstrated that the dose-response curve relating systemic morphine treatment to increases in TFR thresholds was shifted to the right in chronic spinal rats." | ( Characterization of tailshock elicited withdrawal reflexes in intact and spinal rats. Anderson, ME; Borszcz, GS; Johnson, CP; Young, BJ, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "5 to 60 degrees C resulted in right shifts in the dose-response curves for all agents with the magnitude of shift being: 1) greatest on the blood pressure and least on the tail flick, and 2) greatest for ST-91 and CLON and least for DMET." | ( Suppression by spinal alpha-2 agonists of motor and autonomic responses evoked by low- and high-intensity thermal stimuli. Saeki, S; Yaksh, TL, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Rats were administered midazolam, dexmedetomidine, or a combination of midazolam and dexmedetomidine intravenously to derive three dose-response curves for loss of righting reflex (LRR)." | ( Synergistic interaction between alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and benzodiazepines in rats. Maze, M; Reid, K; Salonen, M, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "Regional blood volumes (Vb), unstressed volumes (V0), blood flow distribution, venous compliances (Cv), venous resistances (Rv), and time constants of drainage (tau v) were determined in dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose at carotid sinus pressures (Pcs) of 50 and 200 mmHg and dosed with alpha-adrenergic or ganglionic blockade at a Pcs of 50 mmHg." | ( Baroreflex control of regional capacitance and blood flow distribution with or without alpha-adrenergic blockade. Deschamps, A; Magder, S, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Cross-tolerance was shown by shifts in dose-response curves for the LRR induced by n-propanol and t-butanol." | ( Effects of chronic treatment with ethanol on the development of cross-tolerance to other alcohols and pentobarbital. Kalant, H; Khanna, JM; Lê, AD, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "0 micrograms) were injected into the functionally isolated hindlimb, and dose-response curves were generated." | ( Reduced vascular responsiveness after a single bout of dynamic exercise in the conscious rabbit. DiCarlo, SE; Howard, MG, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "), there appeared to be a parallel shift of the 5-HT dose-response curve to the right." | ( Vagal afferent-mediated inhibition of a nociceptive reflex by i.v. serotonin in the rat. II. Role of 5-HT receptor subtypes. Brody, MJ; Gebhart, GF; Lewis, SJ; Meller, ST, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "The present study defined the dose-response relationship of intrathecally injected bupivacaine in rats." | ( The dose-response and time-effect relationships of intrathecal bupivacaine in rats. The influence of epinephrine and pH. Bakker, H; Booij, L; Dirksen, R; Gielen, M; Lerou, J; Nijhuis, G; van Luijtelaar, E, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " For each effect, data were converted into quantal responses and were then transformed to probit-log dose-response curves for analysis." | ( Elucidation of dose-effect relationships for different opiate effects using alfentanil in the spontaneously ventilating rat. Negus, SS; Weinger, MB; Yang, PK, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Arterial pressure dose-response effects of phenylephrine, angiotensin II, and vasopressin were similar between renal-wrapped and sham-operated animals; however, cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was suppressed in the hypertensive rats." | ( Sympathetic nervous system in high sodium one-kidney, figure-8 renal hypertension. Guerra, P; Haywood, JR; Hinojosa-Laborde, C, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " It also produced little or no changes in electroencephalogram (cat) and spinal reflex (cat) after intravenous dosing of 10 mg/kg." | ( Pharmacological studies with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist midaglizole. Part II: Central and peripheral nervous systems. Hirohashi, M; Kasai, Y; Kojima, H; Takasuna, K; Usui, C, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Doxazosin produced rightward shifts of the PE pressor dose-response curves but had no effect on responses to AII." | ( Vascular pressor responses in treated and untreated essential hypertension. Donnelly, R; Elliott, HL; Howie, CA; Reid, JL; Sumner, DJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " On the one hand, the resulting data strongly validate the model since they show that pain and nociceptive reflex are similarly depressed by morphine in a dose-response fashion." | ( [Clinical exploration of nociception with the use of reflexologic techniques]. Willer, JC, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " SP-methylester was markedly less effective than SP and its effects did not fit sigmoid dose-response curves (DRCs)." | ( Modulation of gastric contractions in response to tachykinins and bethanechol by extrinsic nerves. Holzer-Petsche, U, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " In 8 of 13 patients, the dose-response relationship for each anesthetic was determined by administering different concentrations (1, 3, and 5%) of gas mixtures." | ( Respiratory, laryngeal, and tracheal responses to nasal insufflation of volatile anesthetics in anesthetized humans. Hiraga, K; Ishikawa, T; Nishino, T; Tanaka, A, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " All motor endpoints were decreased in a dosage- and time-dependent manner; the higher the dosage the longer the effects lasted." | ( The effects of 2,4-dithiobiuret on sensory and motor function. Boyes, WK; Crofton, KM; Dean, KF; Hamrick, RC, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " The plasma concentration of xylose after oral dosing was used as an indicator of groove activation." | ( The inhibition of the reticular groove reflex in sheep by clonidine. Belkhiri, M; Nicholson, T, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Antinociception, tested by the tail-flick method, did not diminish over days 5-8, yet on day 9 a rightward shift in the dose-response curve occurred." | ( Evidence for opiate tolerance in newborn rats. Frenk, H; Van Praag, H, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " In addition, overall means of pressure and IBI for each dosage were computed for each group and plotted." | ( Baroreflex function in chronically stressed borderline hypertensive rats. Cox, RH; Lawler, JE; O'Connor, EF; Sanders, BJ, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " A comparison of results from dose-response curves with isoboles showed good agreement." | ( Evaluation of experimental combined toxicity by use of dose-frequency curves: comparison with theoretical additivity as well as independence. Dittrich, P; Lenk, W; Pöch, G; Reiffenstein, RJ; Schuster, A, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " A final study evaluated the dose-response relationship of clonidine-induced erectile dysfunction." | ( Clonidine suppresses copulatory behavior and erectile reflexes in male rats: lack of effect of naloxone pretreatment. Clark, JT; Smith, ER, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Further, in the presence of TFMPP, mCPP and DOI, the dose-response curve for the induction of tail-flicks by 8-OH-DPAT was both steeper and shifted to the left." | ( Agonist action at 5-HT1C receptors facilitates 5-HT1A receptor-mediated spontaneous tail-flicks in the rat. Bervoets, K; Colpaert, FC; Millan, MJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| ") had no effects on duodenal intraluminal pressure, but reduced the responses to distension with a bell-shaped dose-response relationship." | ( The effects of granisetron, ICS 205-930 and ondansetron on the visceral pain reflex induced by duodenal distension. Moss, HE; Sanger, GJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Morphine dose-response relationships were fitted to a 4 parameter sigmoidal function." | ( Behavioural modification of bulbospinal serotonergic inhibition and morphine analgesia. Gamble, GD; Milne, RJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The dose-response curves for left atrial and pulmonary artery injection of 1-PBG were shifted successively to the right by intravenous infusion of the 5-HT3 antagonist MDL72222 (0." | ( Characteristics of cardiovascular reflexes originating from 5-HT3 receptors in the heart and lungs of unanaesthetized rabbits. Evans, RG; Ludbrook, J; Michalicek, J, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Diluted etidocaine solutions seem to be adequate: irrespective the technique used for eliminating the reflex, diluted etidocaine produces a good effect and permits a dosage reduction compared with other local anesthetics." | ( [Elimination of the obturator reflex as a specific indication for dilute solutions of etidocaine. A study of the suitability of a local anesthetic for reflex elimination in the 3-in-1 block technic]. Kissler, GV; Reinhold, P; Schwilick, R; Weingärtner, K, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " It is shown that theoretical independent isoboles can either represent additive, overadditive, or underadditive interactions, depending on the steepness of the dose-response curves of the components." | ( Application of the isobologram technique for the analysis of combined effects with respect to additivity as well as independence. Pöch, G; Reiffenstein, RJ; Unkelbach, HD, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Dose-response curves were determined with a probit procedure." | ( Sedative and hypnotic midazolam-morphine interactions in rats. Bradley, EL; Brown, PT; Kissin, I, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " On repeated dosing with the drug, tolerance to these various activities occurred." | ( Development of tolerance to the CNS effects of aminoglutethimide in mice. Ahmad, B; Nicholls, PJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Dose-response curves relating 5-6 different doses (0." | ( Differential vasodilator effect of nitroglycerin on systemic capacitance and resistance vessels in anesthetized dogs, and the mechanism of its action--a study by measuring mean circulatory pressure and total peripheral resistance. Hirakawa, S; Hirose, I; Ito, H; Minatoguchi, S; Nagata, K; Sahashi, T; Takai, K; Wada, H; Watanabe, I, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The above parameters as well as mean arterial blood pressure, righting, palpebral, pedal, and jaw reflexes were monitored ten minutes after the intramuscularly administered dosage and throughout 4 hours of infusion." | ( The effects of prolonged ketamine-xylazine intravenous infusion on arterial blood pH, blood gases, mean arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature and reflexes in the rabbit. Richardson, ME; Scott, RA; Wyatt, JD, 1989) | 0.28 |
| ", DPDPE displaced the morphine dose-response line to the left and also potentiated the effects of normorphine and etorphine." | ( Differential modulation by [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin and dynorphin A-(1-17) of the inhibitory bladder motility effects of selected mu agonists in vivo. Nunan, L; Porreca, F; Sheldon, RJ, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "Intramuscular administration of glucarolactam in the form of aminoglycoside salt to guinea-pigs protected the experimental ototoxicity caused by high dosing of aminoglycoside antibiotics." | ( Effect of glucarolactam on ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in guinea-pigs. Inouye, S; Kitasato, I; Niizato, T; Yokota, M, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "Pregnant Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed subcutaneously with 1 or 5 mg/kg/day naloxone hydrochloride, or an equal volume of vehicle, from gestational Day 4 (GD4) through GD19." | ( Behavioral and neuroanatomical sequelae of prenatal naloxone administration in the rat. Allen, KS; Royall, GD; Shepanek, NA; Smith, RF; Tyer, ZE, ) | 0.13 |
| "Sperm-positive female Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed subcutaneously with 10 mg/kg/day cocaine or an equal volume of vehicle (0." | ( Alterations in offspring behavior induced by chronic prenatal cocaine dosing. Kurkjian, MF; Kurtz, SL; Mattran, KM; Smith, RF, ) | 0.13 |
| ") caused a displacement to the right of both the dose-response curves of 5-HT-induced blood pressure increase and heart rate reduction." | ( Inhibition of the 5-HT-induced cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex by the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930. Berthold, H; Engel, G; Scholtysik, G, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "Pregnant Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed via injections into the gum with 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg lidocaine, or vehicle, or were uninjected, on gestational day 4 (GD4), GD11, or GD18." | ( Behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to lidocaine in the rat: effects of dosage and of gestational age at administration. Kurkjian, MF; Kurtz, SL; Mattran, KM; Smith, RF, ) | 0.13 |
| " The dose-response effect for the duration variable was different for the two lick conditions in that reflexive lick duration was lengthened as dose increased, whereas operant lick duration was lengthened only at the lower doses of these drugs." | ( Effects of neuroleptics on rate and duration of operant versus reflexive licking in rats. Fowler, SC; Gramling, SE, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " However, the dose-response curve for naltrexone was not parallel to the morphine or fentanyl dose-response curves." | ( An analysis of naltrexone and naloxone's possible agonistic actions in the dog. Martin, WR; Wettstein, JG, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Clinical trials have demonstrated that buspirone (BuSpar) is effective in the treatment of anxiety with efficacy and dosage comparable to diazepam or chlorazepate." | ( Pharmacological and clinical effects of buspirone. Eison, MS; Riblet, LA; Taylor, DP; Vandermaelen, CP, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The latter interventions, when imposed between successive dose-response curves generated by intravenous 5HT in animals pretreated with atropine and propranolol, did not alter the positions or slopes of the curves." | ( Reflex activation of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nervous system in feline airways. Altiere, RJ; Diamond, L; Gillespie, MN; Szarek, JL, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Intrapericardial propranolol or atenolol (50 micrograms/kg) had the same effect on isoprenaline heart rate dose-response curves and on the sympathetic component of the arterial baroreceptor-heart rate reflex as did conventional, 5-fold greater, intravenous doses of the drugs." | ( Selective manipulation of neurohumoral control of the cardiac pacemaker by drugs given intrapericardially. Lew, MJ; Ludbrook, J; Pavia, JM; Quail, AW; Rutter, PC, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " SC-19220 produced a competitive rightward shift of the dose-response curve for the contractile effect induced by PGE2 on strips of rat detrusor muscle in vitro, whereas the amplitude of nerve-mediated twitches was unaffected." | ( The effect of SC-19220, a prostaglandin antagonist, on the micturition reflex in rats. Conte, B; Furio, M; Giuliani, S; Gragnani, L; Maggi, CA; Meli, A; Meli, P; Patacchini, R; Santicioli, P, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Depletion of CNS monoamines by more than 95% with reserpine (5 mg/kg) and alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (2 X 300 mg/kg) failed to alter the dose-response relation to clonidine." | ( Studies on the mechanism of clonidine-induced mydriasis in the rat. Gherezghiher, T; Hey, JA; Koss, MC, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Both drugs reduced blood pressure without change in heart rate after acute dosing and after seven days." | ( Acute and chronic effects of the converting enzyme inhibitors enalapril and lisinopril on reflex control of heart rate in normotensive man. Ajayi, AA; Campbell, BC; Howie, CA; Reid, JL, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The development of supersensitivity, defined as the leftward parallel shift of the dose-response curves for clonidine administered intrathecally, corresponded to the time course of NE depletion following 6-OHDA treatment on the days tested." | ( Effect of spinal norepinephrine depletion on descending inhibition of the tail flick reflex from the locus coeruleus and lateral reticular nucleus in the rat. Gebhart, GF; Janss, AJ; Jones, SL, 1987) | 0.27 |
| "8-Gy dosage level." | ( The effects of prenatal X irradiation on the appearance of reflexes and physiologic markers in the neonatal rat. Brent, RL; Jensh, RP, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Dose-response curves to intracisternal Ang II spanned four log(dose) units from the threshold to the maximum doses (1-5 ng)." | ( Baroreflex modulation of central angiotensin II pressor responses in conscious rabbits. Elghozi, JL; Head, GA; Korner, PI, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " The vigor of the pinna reflex response on postnatal day (PND) 28 was correlated with (a) age at the time of injection, (b) dosage and (c) individual audiogenic seizure severity scores on PND 28 or PND 32." | ( The sensitive period and optimum dosage for induction of audiogenic seizure susceptibility by kanamycin in the Wistar rat. Pierson, MG; Swann, JW, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " In addition, these rats showed decreased vascular reactivity to all vasoactive agents tested as signified by a shift in the dose-response curves to the right with an increase in threshold (ED16) and ED50." | ( Alterations in renal vascular reactivity induced by chronic central administration of captopril in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Berecek, KH; Shier, DN, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Dose-response curves for the different behavioral measures revealed significant effects of systemic morphine at the following dosages: The adjunctive behaviors clearly were the most susceptible to depression." | ( Measurement of pain and morphine hypalgesia in monkeys. Cooper, BY; Vierck, CJ, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " It is concluded that intrathecal midazolam in the dosage used interrupts somatic nociceptive afferent pathways but not abdominal visceral nociceptive afferent pathways." | ( The effects of intrathecal midazolam on sympathetic nervous system reflexes in man--a pilot study. Goodchild, CS; Noble, J, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Following a four week dosing period with 30 mg/kg of either CGS 9896 or diazepam, the drugs were withdrawn and similar behavioral measures obtained at various withdrawal intervals up to 15 days." | ( Lack of tolerance or withdrawal effects in mice after chronic administration of the non-sedating anxiolytic, CGS 9896. Boast, CA; Gerhardt, SC, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The dose-response curve of flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, was investigated by using PPR in the present study." | ( A useful tool for predicting the clinical effects of hypnotics in humans: averaged photopalpebral reflex. Hamasaki, J; Hirano, H; Imaizumi, J; Inanaga, K; Mizuki, Y; Tanaka, M; Ushijima, I; Yamada, M, 1986) | 0.27 |
| "To determine if clinical concentrations of halothane have direct relaxant effects on airway smooth muscle, the authors compared dose-response curves to histamine in the control state (thiopental) and during halothane anesthesia (1." | ( Mode of action of halothane on histamine-induced airway constriction in dogs with reactive airways. Hirshman, CA; Shah, MV, 1986) | 0.27 |
| "1-30 mg/kg) elicited yawning that began 15-20 min after injection and lasted for 60 min, and the dose-response curve showed a bell-shaped form." | ( Desipramine induces yawning behaviour in rats. Czyrak, A; Klimek, V; Mogilnicka, E; Wedzony, K, 1986) | 0.27 |
| "6-Gy X rays or were sham irradiated on the 9th or 17th days of gestation to determine if this dosage level would result in alterations in postnatal neurophysiologic development." | ( Effects of 0.6-Gy prenatal X irradiation on postnatal neurophysiologic development in the Wistar rat. Brent, RL; Jensh, RP, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " 2,4-D/2,4,5-T was behaviorally teratogenic at all dosage levels." | ( Behavioral and developmental effects in rats following in utero exposure to 2,4-D/2,4,5-t mixture. Mohammad, FK; St Omer, VE, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dose-response curves indicated that there was a similar enhancement in pressor sensitivity to AVP, ANG II, and PE in the absence of the baroreceptors." | ( Cardiovascular actions of vasopressin: baroreflex modulation in the conscious rat. Cowley, AW; Osborn, JW; Webb, RL, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Other than the use of different agents and dosing regimens in the two studies, all other characteristics of experimental design were identical." | ( Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: protocol design and testing procedures. Adams, J; Buelke-Sam, J; Kimmel, CA; Nelson, BK; Nelson, CJ; Reiter, LW; Sobotka, TJ; Tilson, HA, ) | 0.13 |
| " In each dog, dose-response curves to inhaled aerosolized histamine were obtained in both lungs separately but synchronously." | ( Central and local cholinergic components of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Bai, TR; Martin, JG; Shore, SA; Wang, CG, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " After chronic administration the hypotensive efficacy was maintained for 10-12 h after the last dose, suggesting that twice daily dosage may be sufficient." | ( The effect of captopril on autonomic reflexes in human hypertension. Venkat Raman, G; Waller, DG; Warren, DJ, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Furthermore, with increasing ethanol pretreatment the shift in dose-response curves for the loss-of-righting reflex was affected more than the shift in dose-response curves for lethality." | ( Ethanol drug interaction with chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital. Aaronson, LM; Okamoto, M; Rao, SN; Walewski, JL, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Dose-response curves to aerosolized 5-HT were performed in one group of cats (n = 5) before and 30 min after PS and in control group (n = 6)." | ( The effects of parasympathectomy on serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in the cat. Bai, TR; Macklem, PT; Martin, JG, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Milk-ejection responses were measured using intramammary pressure recordings, and the amount of oxytocin released was estimated from log dose-response lines compiled from the mammary responses to exogenous oxytocin." | ( Changing characteristics of the milk-ejection reflex during pregnancy, lactation and after weaning in the rat. Aizlewood, ES; Sutherland, RC; Wakerley, JB, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The similar dose-response relationships for adrenal nerve tone or reflex response in CNS intact and spinalized animals suggest, although not conclusively, that at least some of clonidine's effect in CNS intact animals may be mediated at the spinal level." | ( The effect of clonidine on adrenal sympathetic nerve responses to mechanical, noxious and innocuous stimulation of the skin in rats. Kurosawa, M; Minami, M; Saito, H; Togashi, H, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " At a dosage of 60 micrograms/kg, strychnine caused convulsions in all control animals, but in none pretreated with CdCl2." | ( Augmented depression and reduced excitability of the central nervous system (CNS) by cadmium in the rat. Hall, CE; Hungerford, S; Nasseth, D, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "The effect of prior administration of reserpine on fentanyl dose-response curves for loss of the righting reflex and prevention of purposeful movement response to noxious stimulation was studied in rats." | ( Reserpine-induced changes in anesthetic action of fentanyl. Brown, PT; Kissin, I, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Ketamine, ketamine-xylazine, and ketamine-diazepam were evaluated clinically in 15 ferrets, and safe dosage was determined for each." | ( Evaluation of ketamine, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam anesthesia in the ferret. Glaser, C; Moreland, AF, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The dose-response curves for both latencies, derived from the maximum prolongation, showed a definite and linear dose-response relationship." | ( Effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal humans assessed by the averaged photopalpebral reflex. Inanaga, K; Isozaki, H; Mizuki, Y; Tanaka, M, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " That systemically delivered angiotensin II totally restores E release to acutely anephric dogs is equally clear, but the dose-response relationship of this angiotensin II effect is not known." | ( Angiotensin II restoration of reflex adrenal medullary secretion to anephric dogs is physiologically dose dependent. Badder, EM; Duarte, B; Hamaji, M; Harrison, TS; Seaton, JF, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Ro 15-1788 antagonized the depressant effect of diazepam and shifted the dose-response curve of diazepam to the right in a parallel manner but could not reverse the depression produced by either phenobarbital or chlorpromazine." | ( An imidazodiazepine derivative, Ro 15-1788, behaves as a weak partial agonist in the crossed extensor reflex. Kawasaki, K; Kodama, M; Matsushita, A, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Spinalization enhanced the inhibitory effects of both enantiomers without altering their dose-response relations." | ( Stereoselectivity of spinal neurotransmission: effects of baclofen enantiomer on tail-flick reflex in rats. Smith, DF, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Rats were made physically dependent on chlordiazepoxide using a chronically equivalent dosing method." | ( Benzodiazepine tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal: electrophysiological study of spinal reflex function. Boisse, NR; Ryan, GP, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " These two effects were quantitatively and qualitatively different because the slope of the dose-response curves were not in parallel." | ( Effects of narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics on the abdominal or tail stimulation-induced struggling in rats. Kamata, K; Kameyama, T; Ogawa, K, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Glucocorticoid dosing significantly decreased the APO-induced depression of the spinal DRR, but not the similar action of APO on the MSR." | ( Glucocorticoid modification of spinal dopamine receptor activation by apomorphine. Hall, ED; Tyler, CV, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In conscious man essentially similar results were found following intravenous dosing with a stable met-enkephalin analogue (DAMME, FK33824) or naloxone with decreases and increases respectively in the sensitivity of baroreflex responses to sodium nitroprusside." | ( Opioid peptides and central control of blood pressure. Petty, MA; Reid, JL; Rubin, PC, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The median daily dosage of progabide was 24." | ( The clinical effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on spasticity. Mondrup, K; Pedersen, E, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The two reciprocal F1 hybrids did not differ from one another and had dose-response curves intermediate to the two parental lines." | ( Stimulant and depressant properties of sedative-hypnotics in mice selectively bred for differential sensitivity to ethanol. Abbott, ME; Dudek, BC; Phillips, TJ, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " These changes were preceded by an elevation of aortic blood pressure (BP) and bradycardia, and were related to the dosage of LVP administered." | ( Baroreflexive suppression of heat production and fall in body temperature following peripheral administration of vasopressin in rats. Kifune, A; Nagasaka, T; Shido, O, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Recent studies in man support the dose-response relationship of etoposide." | ( High-dose etoposide for refractory malignancies: a phase I study. de Vries, EG; Meinesz, AF; Mulder, NH; Postmus, PE; Sleijfer, DT; Vriesendorp, R, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Following sinoaortic baroreflex denervation the dose-response curve for the calcium antagonist-induced fall in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance was shifted to the left." | ( Calcium antagonists: systemic and regional haemodynamic effects in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Nievelstein, HM; Smits, JF; Struyker-Boudier, HA; van Essen, H, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The number of penile reflexes declined in a dose-response fashion." | ( Differences in responsiveness to testosterone of penile reflexes and copulatory behavior of male rats. Hart, BL; Melese-d'Hospital, PY; Wallach, SJ, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " These amounts of the hydrolate corresponded to dosing the animals with 2-4 mg/kg of the essential oil (or 1-2 mg/kg of safrol), doses which were inactive per se." | ( Psychopharmacological effects of the essential oil fraction and of the hydrolate obtained from the seeds of Licaria puchury-major. Carlini, EA; de Oliveira, AB; de Oliveira, GG, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " readiness for asthma in general (the crucial dosage of histamine able to induce asthma increases)." | ( Pharmacology of disodium cromoglycate. Altounyan, RE, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Responses were assessed by measuring blood pressure and heart rate for 8 hr after dosing and integrating the changes observed over time in order to obtain a mean value." | ( Baroreflex sensitivity as a determinant of responses to hydralazine in dogs. Vidrio, H, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "Four groups of Charles River CD-1 pregnant mouse dams were dosed subcutaneously daily with 5, 10, 20, and 28 mg/kg of methadone during day 6 to 15 of gestation." | ( Developmental toxic effect after subcutaneous injections of methadone in Charles River CD-1 mice. Bui, QQ; Sperling, F; West, WL, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In a similar dose-response relationship, injections of morphine into this area inhibited the reflex activation of alpha-motoneurones by mild tetanic stimulation of the ipsilateral peroneal nerve (flexor alpha-motoneurones) in halothane-anesthetized rats." | ( Is morphine-induced akinesia related to inhibition of reflex activation of flexor alpha-motoneurones? Role of the nucleus accumbens. Havemann, U; Kuschinsky, K; Winkler, M, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Duration of activity of the compounds was greater than that of lidocaine, but less than that of tetracaine, with comparable dosage levels." | ( Local anesthetics: 2-N,N-dialkylaminoacyl-2'-methyl (or 2',6'-dimethyl)-4'-butylaminoanilides. Foye, WO; Jan, CM; Takman, BH, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Onset of behavioral deficits appeared after four dosage weeks." | ( A neurobehavioral model of 2,5-hexanedione-induced neuropathy. Sheppard, RC; Sterman, AB, ) | 0.13 |
| " Pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured, and dose-response curves were constructed in the four conditions." | ( Direct and reflex bronchoconstriction induced by histamine aerosol inhalation in dogs. Drazen, JM; Ingram, RH; Loring, SH; Yanta, MA, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " In the same dosage naloxone did not induce detrusor reflex in 2 patients with areflexic bladder caused by complete suprasacral spinal lesions." | ( Enhancement of detrusor reflex activity by naloxone in patients with chronic neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Preliminary report. Chary, KS; Das, N; Rao, MS; Sharma, PL; Vaidyanathan, S, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Log-probit dose-response curves for these end-points and for lethal effect were determined." | ( The indices of potency for intravenous anaesthetics. Kissin, I; McGee, T; Smith, LR, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " The drug had to be withheld in only three patients: in two cases a low dosage related to individual sensitivity was being used." | ( Neurological toxicity of vindesine used in combination chemotherapy of 51 human solid tumors. Bays, R; Claessens, JJ; Debruyne, H; Focan, C; Le Hung, S; Olivier, R, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Although a higher dosage of Tramadol reduces significantly the supplementary barbiturate dosage per kilogram bodyweight per minute which is required, it has no effect on the incidence of reflex movements, nor does it prevent the marked intraoperative rise of diastolic blood pressure." | ( [The clinical usefulness of Tramadol-infusion anaesthesia (author's transl)]. Rothhammer, A; Skrobek, W; Weis, KH, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " 5 It was concluded that reduced venous return to the heart, due to significant suppression of sympathetically mediated venoconstriction by small initial oral dosage of prazosin, contributes to the pathophysiology of the orthostatic hypotension and faintness, described as the 'first-dose phenomenon'." | ( The effect of a single oral dose of prazosin on venous reflex response, blood pressure and pulse rate in normal volunteers. Betts, WH; Schapel, GJ, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Exposure of CS alone failed to alter the dose-response to NKA or Mch compared with air control." | ( Sensory neuropeptides modulate cigarette smoke-induced decrease in neutral endopeptidase activity in guinea pig airways. Kuo, HP; Lu, LC, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "The purpose of the present study was to examine the dose-response relationship and the therapeutic time window for the synthetic nonpsychotropic cannabinoid (HU-211) as a neuroprotective agent in transient, severe forebrain ischemia in the rat." | ( HU-211, a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid, improves neurological signs and reduces brain damage after severe forebrain ischemia in rats. Adamchik, J; Bar-Joseph, A; Belayev, L; Biegon, A, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "Pregnant Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg per day naloxone from gestational day 7 (GD7) through GD20." | ( Behavioral and developmental changes associated with prenatal opiate receptor blockade. Anderson, LA; Medici, CN; Shepanek, NA; Smith, RF, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists were dosed intravenously (i." | ( 5-Hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonism modulates a noxious visceral pseudoaffective reflex. Banner, SE; Carter, M; Sanger, GJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Increasing the stimulus intensity was associated with a shift of the dose-response curve to the right, without a change of slope." | ( Effects of intravenous morphine and buprenorphine on a C-fiber reflex in the rat. Chauvin, M; Guirimand, F; Le Bars, D; Willer, JC, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "One important factor which may influence the extent and rate of percutaneous absorption is the dosing vehicle." | ( Effect of dosing vehicle on the dermal absorption of fluazifop-butyl and fomesafen in rats in vivo. Hilton, J; Rawlings, JM; Trebilcock, KL; Wilks, MF; Woollen, BH, 1994) | 0.52 |
| ") administration of pirenzepine (1 and 10 micrograms/10 microliters), a selective M1 receptor antagonist, caused a rightward shift of the 5-HT dose-response curve for efferent vagus nerve activity." | ( Involvement of muscarinic M1 receptor in the central pathway of the serotonin-induced Bezold-Jarisch reflex in rats. Kitabatake, A; Kohya, T; Saito, K; Yoshioka, M, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "5 to 37 fold) to the right of the dose-response curve for clonidine without significant change of maximum inhibitory effect, in a manner compatible with competitive antagonism (ED50B = 29." | ( Modulation by central postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the jaw-opening reflex induced by orofacial stimulation in rats. Barturen, F; García-Sevilla, JA; García-Vallejo, P, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " In both groups the dose-response curves for suppression of proprioception, finger counting and perception of light touch in conscious patients were shifted to the left of the curves for loss of consciousness and eyelash reflex." | ( Propofol infusion and the suppression of consciousness: dose requirements to induce loss of consciousness and to suppress response to noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Browne, BL; Dunnet, JM; Holland, DE; Prys-Roberts, C, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The dose-response curves were steep and monotonic, the onset was rapid, and the effect lasted about an hour at the highest dose." | ( Antinociceptive actions of cannabinoids following intraventricular administration in rats. Lai, NK; Martin, WJ; Patrick, SL; Tsou, K; Walker, JM, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Microinjections of medetomidine into the cerebellum or the PAG produced an identical dose-response curve in the tail-flick test as that obtained following microinjection into the RVM." | ( The rostroventromedial medulla is not involved in alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception in the rat. Hämäläinen, MM; Pertovaara, A, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Capsaicin and citric acid gave comparable dose-response curves in the two species." | ( A comparative study of the effects of citric acid, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin on the cough challenge in guinea-pig and man. Higgins, KS; Laude, EA; Morice, AH, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline challenge was given in a dose-response manner to determine the provocative dose of hypertonic saline-laden air required to produce a fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 20% or greater (PD20HS)." | ( The contribution of neurogenic reflexes to hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Holgate, ST; Makker, HK, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " In both tests KT had a poor analgesic effect without dose-response relationships." | ( Ketorolac tromethamine: an experimental study of its analgesic effects in the rat. Bustamante, D; Paeile, C, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "03 microgram of DAMGO resulting in a steeper dose-response relationship." | ( Evidence for delta opioid receptor subtypes in rat spinal cord: studies with intrathecal naltriben, cyclic[D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin. Hammond, DL; Stewart, PE, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Dose-response curves for pentobarbital given alone and in combination with morphine were determined (by probit analysis) separately for each of the pressure levels." | ( Pentobarbital-morphine anesthetic interactions in terms of intensity of noxious stimulation required for arousal. Bradley, EL; Brown, PT; Kissin, I; Stanski, DR, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The NGF-induced changes in NK1 receptor responses occurred in the absence of any detectable changes in either spinal cord NK1 receptor dose-response relationships or NK1 receptor mRNA levels." | ( Nerve growth factor induces mechanical allodynia associated with novel A fibre-evoked spinal reflex activity and enhanced neurokinin-1 receptor activation in the rat. Dray, A; Krause, JE; McCarson, KE; Thompson, SWN; Urban, L, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Analyses of dose-response relationships indicated that the degree of inhibition increased with increasing dose." | ( The inhibitory effects of propranolol on genital reflexes in male rats. Cetrulo, EJ; Clark, JT; Davidson, JM; Donahue, JP; Hoffman, BB; Smith, ER; Sparrow, H, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In tetraplegic patients, there was a significant shift to the left of the dose-response curve indicating increased venous responsiveness to noradrenaline." | ( Autonomic dysreflexia in tetraplegic patients: evidence for alpha-adrenoceptor hyper-responsiveness. Arnold, JM; Delaney, GA; Feng, QP; Teasell, RW, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " C or D alone shifted dose-response curves to capsaicin (from 10(-7) M to 10(-3) M) to lower concentrations compared with the control, and C+D further shifted them." | ( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and danazol increase sensitivity of cough reflex in female guinea pigs. Ebihara, T; Nakazawa, H; Ohrui, T; Sasaki, H; Sekizawa, K, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " In mice aged 16 weeks, a dosage of 7 g/kg caused less of the righting reflex in some animals and severe ataxia in most of the others." | ( Development and characterization of a binge drinking model in mice for evaluation of the immunological effects of ethanol. Carson, EJ; Pruett, SB, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " A clear dose-response relationship was observed between the cumulative dose of cocaine administered during gestation and the levels of both cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in samples of infant hair taken at birth." | ( The effect of chronic cocaine exposure during pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes in the rhesus monkey. Binienda, Z; Gillam, MP; Harkey, MR; Henderson, GL; Morris, P; Paule, MG; Zhou, C, ) | 0.13 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between plasma glucose or HbA1 and the risk for amputation." | ( Risk factors predicting lower extremity amputations in patients with NIDDM. Laakso, M; Lehto, S; Pyörälä, K; Rönnemaa, T, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The acute effects of two carbamates (carbaryl, aldicarb) and five organophosphates (OP) (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion, fenthion, and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, or DFP) were evaluated on the day of dosing at the time of peak effect, at 1 and 3 days, and 1 week after dosing (oral gavage, in corn oil)." | ( Comparisons of the acute effects of cholinesterase inhibitors using a neurobehavioral screening battery in rats. Moser, VC, ) | 0.13 |
| "There is general agreement about potentiation in dose-response studies, characterized by a left shift of the dose-response curve of A by a fixed dose of B when B is causing no effect by itself (simple situation)." | ( Uniform characterization of potentiation in simple and complex situations when agents bind to different molecular sites. Köck, P; Pancheva, SN; Pöch, G; Reiffenstein, RJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The objective of this study was to conduct a dose-response analysis of the effects of (+)MK-801 on stereotyped behavior, ataxia, locomotor activity, and righting reflex latency in guinea pig." | ( A dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of (+)MK-801 in guinea pig: comparison with CPP. Darlington, CL; Jerram, AH; Smith, PF, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " A dose-response effect was found: higher amounts of cocaine were associated with higher neurobehavioral risk scores." | ( Neonatal neurobehavioral outcome following prenatal exposure to cocaine. Barr, HM; Martin, DC; Martin, JC; Streissguth, AP, ) | 0.13 |
| " The dosage was calculated from the infusion time (time from start of infusion until specific clinical event)." | ( [Age-related correlation between EEG parameters and depth of anesthesia under propofol. Effect of fentanyl]. Eckert, O; Lehmkuhl, P; Neulinger, A; Pichlmayr, I; Werry, C, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " After exercise training, the dose-response curve of CBF in response to veratrine was shifted to the left; eg, 5 micrograms/kg of veratrine increased CBF by 101 +/- 12% (P < ." | ( Short-term exercise training enhances reflex cholinergic nitric oxide-dependent coronary vasodilation in conscious dogs. Hintze, TH; Ochoa, M; Xu, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, G, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Comparison of the effect of kynurenic acid on the hypotension and bradycardic dose-response curves showed a significant difference between SO and SAD rats, indicating that smaller doses of kynurenic acid are required in SAD rats than in SO rats to block the neurotransmission of the B-J reflex in the NTS." | ( Neurotransmission of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex in the nucleus tractus solitarii of sino-aortic deafferentated rats. Bonagamba, LG; Chianca, DA; Machado, BH, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The dose-response curve for RB 101 was shifted to the left and the duration of reflex depression was significantly prolonged." | ( CI 988, an antagonist of the cholecystokinin-B receptor, potentiates endogenous opioid-mediated antinociception at spinal level. Elfvin, A; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Hao, JX; Roques, BP; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "9%) was administered intravenously at a dosage of 1% of body weight immediately after suture removal following a 2-hour period of MCA occlusion." | ( Effect of delayed albumin hemodilution on infarction volume and brain edema after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Belayev, L; Busto, R; Clemens, JA; Ginsberg, MD; Zhao, W, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " A second experiment compared the evolution of changes in ETR, FL/HL-GS, and peripheral neurophysiological measures during 8 weeks of daily oral dosing of 10 mg/kg acrylamide (ACR) monomer." | ( Quantification of the hindlimb extensor thrust response in rats. Carr, GJ; Fix, AS; Handley, DE; Lawhorn, GT; Ross, JF, ) | 0.13 |
| " Animals were placed in a bodyplethysmographic box and two procedures of chemical stimulation were used: 3-5 minutes lasting inhalation of overthreshold concentration of tussive agents, and the second procedure resided in an exposure to a dose-response study with doubled concentrations of citric acid." | ( [Sensitivity of the cough reflex in awake guinea pigs, rats and rabbits]. Karcolová, D; Pécová, R; Tatár, M, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Guinea-pigs were the species reacting most intensively to citric acid dose-response exposure." | ( [Sensitivity of the cough reflex in awake guinea pigs, rats and rabbits]. Karcolová, D; Pécová, R; Tatár, M, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " There was no effect of NPY on postjunctional ACh or isoprenaline agonist dose-response curves." | ( Exogenous NPY modulation of cardiac autonomic reflexes and its pressor effect in the conscious rabbit. Angus, JA; Serone, AP; Wright, CE, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Unilateral microinjection of these substances produced changes mainly only on the day of dosage and had no effect on subsequent behavior, while bilateral microinjection altered the established motor behavior for a longer period of time." | ( Increasing the activity of the neostriatum cholinergic system alters an established type of motor behavior in animals. Shapovalova, KB, ) | 0.13 |
| " It appears that low intravenous doses of fentanyl act mainly in the spinal cord and that increasing the dosage recruits descending inhibition." | ( The involvement of bulbospinal pathways in fentanyl-induced inhibition of spinal withdrawal reflexes in the decerebrated rabbit. Clarke, RW; Houghton, AK; Ogilvie, J; Parry-Baggott, C, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Other dosage regimens and response measures need to be tested to understand the full scope of acute and chronic cocaine-ethanol interactions and the possible health consequences." | ( Acute and chronic alcohol-cocaine interactions in rats. MacKinnon, K; York, JL, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Dose-response curves were obtained for the effects of several 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on response magnitude." | ( Effect of 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on a cranial nerve reflex in the rabbit: evidence for inverse agonism. Harvey, JA; Hood, H; Romano, AG; Welsh, SE, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " This first pilot study revealed that melatonin had effects on human equilibrium although these effects were not dosage related and were different in individual subjects." | ( Melatonin influences human balance. Alpini, D; Cesarani, A; Esposti, D; Fraschini, F; Stankov, BM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Afterwards, the opioids were administered continuously with cumulative dosage up to total absence of motor evoked response." | ( Influence of fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil on motor evoked potentials. Hanisch, M; Hoeft, A; Juntke, R; Nadstawek, J; Pechstein, U; Scheufler, KM; Thees, C; Zentner, J, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " There was no dose-response to intraperitoneal MP (up to 12 mg/kg) for nociceptive thresholds to heat (Peltier) or mechanical (analgesy-meter and von Frey fibers) stimuli in normal rats." | ( Methylprednisolone prevents the development of autotomy and neuropathic edema in rats, but has no effect on nociceptive thresholds. Castellote, JM; Kingery, WS; Maze, M, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Dialysis of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mmol/l syringe concentration, based upon dose-response data) into the dorsal horn at L6 and S1 failed to attenuate the peak change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) evoked by static contraction (DeltaMAP in mmHg: 57 +/- 5 before and 50 +/- 6 after 2 h of L-NAME)." | ( Pressor reflex evoked by static muscle contraction: role of nitric oxide in the dorsal horn. Crews, AD; Engbretson, J; Wilson, LB, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In addition, we obtained dose-response curves for possible local anesthetic effects." | ( The effects of intradermal fentanyl and ketamine on capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia and flare reaction. Blunk, JA; Koppert, W; Likar, R; Schmelz, M; Sittl, R; Zeck, S, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " However, the duration of this anesthesia was too short (approximately 30 minutes) to complete the necessary testing and additional dosing of the anesthetic generally obliterated the micturition reflex." | ( Effect of anesthetics on reflex micturition in the chronic cannula-implanted rat. Downie, JW; Matsuura, S, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Careful titration to effect with dosage adjustments will avoid unnecessary oversedation with resultant respiratory and cardiovascular complications." | ( Pharmacology. Lewis, KP; Stanley, GD, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " increased the percentage of loss of the righting reflex in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 value of 140 (95% confidence limits 123-160) mg kg-1 (n = 40; eight animals per dose, five doses per dose-response curve)." | ( Propofol anaesthesia in mice is potentiated by muscimol and reversed by bicuculline. Dohi, T; Irifune, M; Kawahara, M; Maeoka, K; Nishikawa, T; Shimizu, Y; Sugimura, M; Takarada, T, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The ability of each enantiomer to produce a loss of righting reflex was determined as a function of dose, and quantal dose-response curves were constructed." | ( Stereoselective loss of righting reflex in rats by isoflurane. Dickinson, R; Franks, NP; Lieb, WR; White, I, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Oral dosing resulted in widely variable BACs, making it difficult to assess psychomotor impairment reliably." | ( Blood alcohol concentration and psychomotor effects. Grant, SA; Kenny, GN; Millar, K, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " With increasing stimulus intensity, the dose-response curves showed a progressive shift to the right, but this shift was only slight with the highest intensity stimuli." | ( Effects of intravenous and intrathecal sufentanil on a C-fibre reflex elicited by a wide range of stimulus intensities in the rat. Adam, F; Chauvin, M; Guirimand, F, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The 2Lid-1/8 group indicated adequate anesthetic potency with the smallest dosage at all observation periods." | ( Comparative study on anesthetic potency depending on concentrations of lidocaine and epinephrine: assessment of dental local anesthetics using the jaw-opening reflex. Ichinohe, T; Kaneko, Y; Ohkado, S, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "0001) increase in intrathecal baclofen dosage requirements during the 1-year follow-up period to maintain the reductions in spasm frequency, reflexes and tone." | ( Intrathecal baclofen in tetraplegia of spinal origin: efficacy for upper extremity hypertonia. Burns, AS; Meythaler, JM, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " After an acute, 1-day spinalization, there was no change in the antinociceptive dose-response function to clonidine, relative to intact rats." | ( Spinal transection increases the potency of clonidine on the tail-flick and hindlimb flexion reflexes. Advokat, C, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " The dilator and constrictor dose-response curves were combined into a single relationship for MAP, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance (TPC) and heart rate; total peripheral resistance (TPR) was estimated as 1/TPC." | ( Structural factors increase blood pressure through the interaction of resistance vessel geometry with neurohumoral and local factors: estimates in rabbits with renal cellophane-wrap hypertension with intact effectors and during neurohumoral blockade. Angus, JA; Korner, PI; Wright, CE, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " The inhibition of A reflex potential at this dosage was greater than that of blood pressure and heart rate induced by the same dosage of S(-)-baclofen." | ( [The effects of intrathecally administered baclofen on somato-sympathetic reflex potentials]. Iida, R; Kobayashi, T; Nakamura, T; Ogawa, S; Saeki, S; Tamura, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " and co-administration of 3-methylnaltrexone shifted the dose-response curves for endomorphin-2 induced antinociception to the right by 4-fold." | ( Differential antagonism of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 supraspinal antinociception by naloxonazine and 3-methylnaltrexone. Fujimura, T; Hayashi, T; Kastin, AJ; Murayama, K; Sakurada, C; Sakurada, S; Sakurada, T; Sato, T; Takeshita, M; Yonezawa, A; Yuhki, M; Zadina, JE, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " This concentration of ipratropium produced a 250-fold shift in the methacholine dose-response curve." | ( Role of cholinergic reflexes on the bronchoconstrictor reactivity to neurokinin a in allergic dogs. Celly, C; Chapman, RW; Egan, RW; Hey, JA; House, A, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Nonlinear regression modeling was used to identify the effective drug concentration that caused 50% of the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response (EC(50)) and minimum values from the SkBF-NE dose-response curves." | ( Effects of 14 days of head-down tilt bed rest on cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses in humans. Crandall, CG; Cui, J; Levine, BD; Shibasaki, M; Wilson, TE, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " A pilot dose-response study investigated an intracranial approach of topically applying endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the M2 portion of the middle cerebral artery in a small sample of marmosets for up to 6 hours (n = 2 or 3 per group)." | ( A new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset. David, C; Elliott, H; Farnfield, B; Golder, J; Hadingham, SJ; Hunter, AJ; Parsons, AA; Roberts, JC; Virley, D; Whelan, G, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "D-1 mice were pretreated with 4-MP, with observation of its effect on ethanol dose-response curves." | ( Effects of 4-methylpyrazole on ethanol neurobehavioral toxicity in CD-1 mice. Maher, T; Páez, AM; Quang, L; Shannon, M, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Dosing of dams ended when litters were born; pups received daily gavage at the same dose as their dam from postnatal day (PND) 1 through PND22." | ( Developmental and behavioral effects of acrylamide in Fischer 344 rats. Ferguson, SA; Garey, J; Paule, MG, ) | 0.13 |
| " Competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition mechanisms were incorporated into the GHB-MCT substrate interaction model for inhibitor dosing either pre-, concurrent or post-GHB administration." | ( Potential gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) drug interactions through blood-brain barrier transport inhibition: a pharmacokinetic simulation-based evaluation. Bhattacharya, I; Boje, KM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The dose-response curve was similar to that in the intact guinea pig, and had shifted to the left from that in the guinea pig after acute PITH." | ( Enhancement of the intrinsic defecation reflex by mosapride, a 5-HT4 agonist, in chronically lumbosacral denervated guinea pigs. Fujii, H; Katsui, R; Kojima, Y; Nakajima, Y; Takaki, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The aim of this study was to test the effect of supranutritional dosage of the natural antioxidant vitamin E (VitE) on phenytoin (PHT) induced developmental toxicity and possible long-term effects in rat offspring." | ( Vitamin E supplementation in phenytoin induced developmental toxicity in rats: postnatal study. Dubovický, M; Kovacovský, P; Mach, M; Navarová, J; Ujházy, E, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " To reach this goal we performed a dose-response curve to microinjection of increasing dose of noradrenaline into the caudal commissural NTS of awake rats and then the threshold dose, which produces minor changes in the baseline mean arterial pressure, was selected to be used in the chemoreflex experiment." | ( Noradrenergic inhibitory modulation in the caudal commissural NTS of the pressor response to chemoreflex activation in awake rats. Bonagamba, LG; Machado, BH; Silva de Oliveira, LC, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " These three dose-response curves were parallel, suggesting that the behavioral effects of riluzole may be mediated through a common site of action." | ( Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, induces loss of righting reflex, antinociception, and immobility in response to noxious stimulation in mice. Dohi, T; Endo, C; Irifune, M; Kawahara, M; Kikuchi, N; Morita, K; Saida, T; Sato, T; Shimizu, Y; Takarada, T, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Using a sigmoid E(max) model and a first-order rate constant k(e0), we characterized the dose-response relationships for BIS and TIWR." | ( Multi-level approach to anaesthetic effects produced by sevoflurane or propofol in humans: 2. BIS and tetanic stimulus-induced withdrawal reflex. Booij, L; Lerou, J; Mourisse, J; Struys, M; Zwarts, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Dose-response data were analyzed with a probit analysis as function of the dose level at a percentage of the volume (D(%)) and with different normal tissue complication probability models." | ( Dose-volume effects in rat thoracolumbar spinal cord: the effects of nonuniform dose distribution. Philippens, ME; Pop, LA; van der Kogel, AJ; Visser, AG, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " No migration terms were needed for an acceptable fit of the dose-response curves." | ( Dose-volume effects in rat thoracolumbar spinal cord: the effects of nonuniform dose distribution. Philippens, ME; Pop, LA; van der Kogel, AJ; Visser, AG, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Dose-response analysis of the antagonistic effect of the TRPV1 receptor antagonist, capsazepine administered peripherally, shows that the capsaicin-evoked inflammation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and nearly completely abolished by capsazepine at doses between 30-150 mug." | ( Roles of TRPV1 and neuropeptidergic receptors in dorsal root reflex-mediated neurogenic inflammation induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin. Fang, L; Li, D; Lin, Q; Xu, X; Zou, X, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Therefore, to establish a dose-response curve, the times required for recovery of this righting reflex with increasing doses of cyanide were measured." | ( A novel paradigm for assessing efficacies of potential antidotes against neurotoxins in mice. Briggs, JE; Crankshaw, DL; DeLong, D; Goon, DJ; Kuskowski, M; Nagasawa, HT; Patterson, SE, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Adult male and female rats were orally dosed with diH(2)O vehicle, 5 or 125 mg/kg/day of sodium tungstate through mating, gestation, and weaning (PND 0-20)." | ( Neurobehavioral effects of sodium tungstate exposure on rats and their progeny. Arfsten, D; Bekkedal, MY; Chapman, GD; Gunasekar, PG; McInturf, SM; Wilfong, E, ) | 0.13 |
| " In contrast, only the lowest ATP dosage evoked facilitation." | ( Excitatory and inhibitory purinergic control of neck muscle nociception in anaesthetized mice. Ellrich, J; Makowska, A; Reitz, M, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " To clarify contradictory findings, we simultaneously determined dose-response functions of the standard 5-HT(1A)-R-agonist 8-OH-DPAT and two different opioids for spontaneous ventilation and nociception." | ( The counteraction of opioid-induced ventilatory depression by the serotonin 1A-agonist 8-OH-DPAT does not antagonize antinociception in rats in situ and in vivo. Dutschmann, M; Guenther, U; Hoeft, A; Manzke, T; Putensen, C; Wrigge, H; Zinserling, J, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "(A) A dose-response relationship of 8-OH-DPAT, spontaneous phrenic nerve activity and a nociceptive C-fiber reflex (CFR) were established simultaneously in an in situ perfused, nonanesthetized, rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation." | ( The counteraction of opioid-induced ventilatory depression by the serotonin 1A-agonist 8-OH-DPAT does not antagonize antinociception in rats in situ and in vivo. Dutschmann, M; Guenther, U; Hoeft, A; Manzke, T; Putensen, C; Wrigge, H; Zinserling, J, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Response surface models were used to study drug interactions for important end-points during surgery and also to optimize dosing of anesthetic agents to maximize the desired/undesired effect ratio." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling in anesthesia, intensive care and pain medicine. Glass, PS; Sadean, MR, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " In all rats, serum AA and GA levels exhibited a dose-response relationship." | ( Preweaning behaviors, developmental landmarks, and acrylamide and glycidamide levels after pre- and postnatal acrylamide treatment in rats. Doerge, DR; Ferguson, SA; Garey, J; Paule, MG; Smith, ME; Twaddle, NC, ) | 0.13 |
| " These findings indicate that a low, daily dosing of IV prenatal nicotine produces long-lasting alterations in auditory PPI." | ( Prenatal IV nicotine exposure produces a sex difference in sensorimotor gating of the auditory startle reflex in adult rats. Harrod, SB; Lacy, RT; Mactutus, CF, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "An increased dosage of propofol is frequently administered to reduce responses to insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA)." | ( Increased dosage of propofol in anesthesia induction cannot control the patient's responses to insertion of a laryngeal mask airway. Kanazawa, M; Murata, T; Nitta, M; Suzuki, T, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " On the other hand, under the condition of Ang II-induced hypertension, administration of a hypotensive dosage of cilnidipine showed no effect on the plasma aldosterone levels, whereas a hypotensive dosage of nifedipine significantly increased the plasma aldosterone levels." | ( L/N-type calcium channel blocker suppresses reflex aldosterone production induced by antihypertensive action. Aritomi, S; Konda, T; Yoshimura, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " After rats were injected subcutaneously with nisoxetine, dose-response curves were constructed." | ( Nisoxetine produces local but not systemic analgesia against cutaneous nociceptive stimuli in the rat. Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Chu, CC; Hung, CH; Shao, DZ; Wang, JJ, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " We first determined the ventilatory dose-response curves during intravenous injections of H(2)S." | ( Inhibitory effects of hyperoxia and methemoglobinemia on H(2)S induced ventilatory stimulation in the rat. Haouzi, P; Van de Louw, A, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Anesthesiologists face a dilemma in determining appropriate dosing of anesthetic drugs in obese children." | ( The effect of obesity on the ED(95) of propofol for loss of consciousness in children and adolescents. Abrams, S; Andropoulos, DB; Coulter-Nava, C; East, DL; Garcia, PJ; Govindan, K; Kozinetz, CA; Needham, J; Olutoye, OA; Spearman, R; Tjia, IM; Watcha, MF; Yu, X, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Using a rat model via intrathecal injection, we tested spinal blockades of motor function and nociception by promazine, chlorpromazine or bupivacaine, and so were dose-response studies and durations." | ( Promazine and chlorpromazine for prolonged spinal anesthesia in rats. Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Chu, CC; Kan, CD; Wang, JJ, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " By intravenously dosing 50 mg/kg of MR16-1 every 3 days, animals in male and female fertility studies and dams in a pre-/postnatal development study exhibited plasma MR16-1 concentrations much higher than the effective plasma concentration, indicating that MR16-1 exposure was sufficient to completely block IL-6 signals." | ( The effects of interleukin-6 signal blockade on fertility, embryo-fetal development, and immunization in vivo. Amano, J; Bürgin, H; Chiba, S; Higuchi, Y; Ishihara, K; Kawamura, A; Müller, L; Sakamoto, Y; Sakurai, T; Singer, T; Suzuki, M; Takai, R, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " After exposure the capsaicin induced cough reflex was assessed by the single breath dose-response method according to ERS 2007 guidelines." | ( Reproducibility of sensitivity to capsaicin assessed by single breath inhalation methodology. Berresheim, H; Brüning, T; Bünger, J; Hoffmeyer, F; Monse, C; Rosenkranz, N; Sucker, K, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Our study revealed a significant protective effect with dose-response relationship of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use on hospitalization for pneumonia among stroke patients." | ( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blockers and pneumonia risk among stroke patients. Lai, MS; Liu, CL; Shau, WY; Wu, CS, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " A dosage of 24." | ( Accumulation, elimination, and effects of parenteral exposure to aluminum in newborn and adult rats. Banderó, CR; Bohrer, D; do Nascimento, PC; Lenz, QF; Mattiazzi, P; Mello, CF; Oliveira, MS; Oliveira, SM; Veiga, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " These results suggest that caffeine exposure can at first be benign, but that high dosage or prolonged exposure hinders functional recovery." | ( Time-dependent bidirectional effects of chronic caffeine on functional recovery of the dorsal light reflex after hemilabyrinthectomy in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Brockhoff, BL; Goodson, NB; Huston, JP; Spieler, RE, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Smoking status and dosage did not impact progression free or overall survival in patients treated with first line EGFR TKI." | ( Impact of Smoking and Brain Metastasis on Outcomes of Advanced EGFR Mutation Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated with First Line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Ang, MK; Chan, KS; Chowbay, B; Devanand, A; Fong, KW; Gan, EM; Hsu, AA; Jain, A; Kanesvaran, R; Kim, SW; Koh, T; Koong, HN; Lim, C; Lim, CH; Lim, KH; Lim, WT; Loo, CM; Ng, DZ; Ng, QS; Oon, L; Takano, A; Tan, DS; Tan, EH; Tan, WM; Toh, CK; Yap, SP, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Fresh chewers exhibited significantly decreased response rates of oVEMP (53%) and cVEMP (71%) after dosing compared with those from the predosing period." | ( Effect of betel nut chewing on the otolithic reflex system. Lin, CY; Young, YH, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Cell-selective lesions were made using ibotenic acid, and rats were later tested for changes in the dose-response relation to etomidate, propofol, alfaxalone/alfadolone, ketamine, and medetomidine delivered intravenously using a programmable infusion pump." | ( Reduced Sensitivity to Anesthetic Agents upon Lesioning the Mesopontine Tegmental Anesthesia Area in Rats Depends on Anesthetic Type. Baron, M; Devor, M; Minert, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that the resistant (R) population exhibited 41." | ( Investigation of resistance mechanism to fomesafen in Amaranthus retroflexus L. Cui, H; Huang, H; Huang, Z; Wang, C; Wei, S; Wu, T; Zhang, C, 2020) | 0.82 |
| " Future research should investigate: (1) the dose-response relationship of training components within different exercise modalities to elicit improvements in individuals showing intact or impaired muscle metaboreflex; and (2) potential and specific underlying mechanisms of metaboreflex improvements in individuals with different medical conditions." | ( Muscle metaboreflex adaptations to exercise training in health and disease. Borges, JP; Crisafulli, A; Farinatti, P; Gama, G; Laterza, MC; Mira, PAC; Rangel, MVDS, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Whole-plant dose-response assays demonstrated that the resistant population (2492) was resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides (50." | ( Target gene mutation and enhanced metabolism confer fomesafen resistance in an Amaranthus retroflexus L. population from China. Cao, Y; Huang, H; Huang, Z; Lan, Y; Li, W; Sun, Y; Wang, R; Wei, S, 2022) | 0.97 |
| "The excessive dosage of pesticides required for agronomic reality results in growing contamination of pesticide residues in environment, thus bringing high risks to crop production and human health." | ( Detoxification and catabolism of mesotrione and fomesafen facilitated by a Phase II reaction acetyltransferase in rice. Jie Chen, Z; Liu, J; Yan Zhai, X; Yang, H; Zhang, N, 2023) | 1.17 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| herbicide | A substance used to destroy plant pests. |
| agrochemical | An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. |
| EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor | An EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4). |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| aromatic ether | Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. |
| N-sulfonylcarboxamide | A mixed diacylamine resulting from the formal condensation of the nitrogen of a carboxamide with a sulphonic acid. |
| C-nitro compound | A nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom. |
| organofluorine compound | An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. |
| monochlorobenzenes | Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine. |
| phenols | Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 86.3055 | 0.0072 | 15.7588 | 89.3584 | AID1224835 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1949 | 3.1890 | 29.8841 | 59.4836 | AID1224846 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.8837 | 0.0004 | 17.9460 | 75.1148 | AID1346795 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.9766 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224841; AID1224849; AID1259401 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.0302 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.9570 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID1259383; AID743075 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.6048 | 0.0010 | 19.4141 | 70.9645 | AID588537; AID743191 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.5412 | 0.0237 | 23.2282 | 63.5986 | AID743223 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 86.7078 | 0.0391 | 47.5451 | 146.8240 | AID1224845 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.3054 | 0.0006 | 27.2152 | 1,122.0200 | AID651741; AID743202; AID743219 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 20483 (60.16) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5119 (15.03) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4123 (12.11) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3321 (9.75) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1002 (2.94) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (43.58) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1,080 (2.81%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2,445 (6.36%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 785 (2.04%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 39 (0.10%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 34,072 (88.68%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | O-acylcarnitine | human metabolite |
| dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
| ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | chloroethanol | xenobiotic metabolite |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 13.25 | 192 | 4 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid | antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 9.28 | 61 | 2 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 4.84 | 32 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; primary amino compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 7.52 | 51 | 3 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| benzene [no description available] | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 3.8 | 12 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| carbamates [no description available] | 6.25 | 20 | 2 | amino-acid anion | |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 8.49 | 21 | 2 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 4.41 | 2 | 2 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 3.44 | 2 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| chlordecone [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound | insecticide; persistent organic pollutant |
| choline [no description available] | 5.73 | 21 | 1 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 12.08 | 85 | 10 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 6.44 | 43 | 1 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 8.99 | 42 | 2 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 8.57 | 9 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkane | xenobiotic |
| phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | algal metabolite |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C4-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | human metabolite |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 3.73 | 3 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 9.9 | 44 | 5 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 6.67 | 42 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 7.06 | 63 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 6 | 10 | 3 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | hydracid; one-carbon compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 6.84 | 21 | 1 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| histamine [no description available] | 14.65 | 222 | 14 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | hydroxylamines | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 8.31 | 22 | 3 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 9.95 | 85 | 1 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| melatonin [no description available] | 7.55 | 17 | 1 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 3.64 | 10 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 5.61 | 10 | 2 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 9.34 | 66 | 5 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| parathion [no description available] | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | glycol; propane-1,2-diols | allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| putrescine [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 5.77 | 20 | 1 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 5.13 | 11 | 1 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
| quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
| dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines | Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | selenium oxoacid | |
| sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| spermidine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; triamine | autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| spermine [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 5.71 | 27 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| taurine [no description available] | 4.97 | 9 | 1 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 3.81 | 12 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thymine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 5.55 | 23 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. | 5.41 | 60 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively | 7.14 | 39 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins | serotonergic antagonist |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | 4.02 | 14 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 4.19 | 17 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
| normetanephrine Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | catecholamine | |
| sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound | |
| vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols | human metabolite |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 9.27 | 19 | 2 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. | 4.45 | 7 | 0 | methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine | neurotoxin |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene | agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | amphetamines; benzodioxoles | neurotoxin |
| amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | aminopropionitrile | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminopyridine [no description available] | 7.34 | 23 | 2 | aminopyridine; aromatic amine | avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker |
| homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 7.38 | 37 | 1 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 5.14 | 11 | 1 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines | 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist |
| acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 6.26 | 11 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 4.75 | 7 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 5.66 | 7 | 3 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 4.81 | 4 | 2 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 5.48 | 16 | 1 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | N-acylglycine | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| theophylline [no description available] | 7.72 | 30 | 1 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 5.91 | 25 | 1 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 5.17 | 16 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine | metabolite; muscarinic agonist |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 14.39 | 50 | 23 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 6.17 | 18 | 2 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| baclofen [no description available] | 12.39 | 94 | 10 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| bemegride Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose. | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | piperidones | |
| benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. | 4.45 | 5 | 1 | carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina. | 5.68 | 7 | 3 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline | allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic |
| bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscarinic agonist |
| biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine | anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome |
| bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | mucolytic |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 9.02 | 34 | 4 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 4.7 | 9 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| busulfan [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
| caffeine [no description available] | 10.9 | 57 | 7 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 5.71 | 20 | 1 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 5.16 | 6 | 2 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; carbamate ester | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide |
| carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 4.58 | 6 | 1 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| celiprolol Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines | anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 4.09 | 16 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 6.33 | 39 | 1 | benzodiazepine | |
| chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions. | 4.24 | 4 | 1 | 1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 9.53 | 197 | 1 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide | |
| chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
| cilostazol [no description available] | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | lactam; tetrazoles | anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 4.62 | 3 | 2 | benzamides | |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 5.82 | 8 | 1 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
| clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 4.57 | 8 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation. | 5.06 | 10 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 13.29 | 197 | 5 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol | vasodilator agent |
| cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cyclopentolate Cyclopentolate: A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.. cyclopentolate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | diagnostic agent; muscarinic antagonist; mydriatic agent; parasympatholytic |
| cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 4.44 | 23 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 9.2 | 19 | 2 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
| dapsone [no description available] | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 4.59 | 27 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 6.43 | 58 | 0 | primary amine | |
| eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid | trypanocidal drug |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 11.62 | 201 | 10 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | topical anaesthetic |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 3.03 | 5 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 3.75 | 2 | 1 | carboxylic ester; tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| dimaprit Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester | |
| dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | dithiol; primary alcohol | chelator |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 6.34 | 15 | 1 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene | environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 4.71 | 11 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | ||
| thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
| doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones | central nervous system stimulant |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | 5.7 | 20 | 1 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 4.67 | 9 | 0 | phenols; quaternary ammonium ion | antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 8.28 | 33 | 4 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | ||
| estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| etanidazole Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.. etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent |
| ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 5.94 | 8 | 1 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 5.58 | 18 | 1 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 5.37 | 5 | 3 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 13.45 | 123 | 20 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 4.25 | 4 | 1 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 8.44 | 31 | 3 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 4.98 | 9 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 4.09 | 15 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | pyrazoles | antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent |
| furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 6.47 | 14 | 1 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. | 5.47 | 8 | 2 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | ||
| glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | piperidines | |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 3.62 | 9 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | glycine derivative; phosphonic acid | agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. | 10.9 | 29 | 2 | methoxybenzenes | |
| guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 8.2 | 85 | 1 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
| guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | acetamides | |
| guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound | |
| 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 7.94 | 78 | 1 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 13.38 | 138 | 7 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | harmala alkaloid | oneirogen |
| hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool. | 5.84 | 94 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 6.2 | 46 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 6.66 | 21 | 1 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| p-hydroxyamphetamine p-Hydroxyamphetamine: Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 3.03 | 5 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 4.95 | 9 | 1 | primary amine | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 16.36 | 283 | 35 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 7.98 | 63 | 4 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 3.75 | 2 | 1 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 8.18 | 75 | 4 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| iproniazid [no description available] | 3.88 | 13 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 13.14 | 98 | 24 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 3.44 | 8 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 7.72 | 31 | 1 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 10.91 | 118 | 3 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 5.02 | 5 | 2 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 13.37 | 136 | 12 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 5.97 | 26 | 1 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 4.98 | 9 | 1 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 6.29 | 48 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 5.17 | 6 | 2 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| nordefrin Nordefrin: A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | catecholamine | |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. | 4.26 | 4 | 1 | benzodiazepine | |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 7.29 | 38 | 1 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. | 4.61 | 27 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent |
| meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| medazepam Medazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| memantine [no description available] | 4.78 | 7 | 1 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 8.22 | 29 | 2 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage. | 4.89 | 37 | 0 | aromatic ether; glycerol ether | |
| mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 5.58 | 9 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
| meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) | 5.89 | 25 | 1 | organic molecular entity | |
| mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups. | 3.44 | 8 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound | hallucinogen |
| metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 2 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methantheline Methantheline: A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS. | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | xanthenes | |
| methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | |
| methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine | antibacterial drug |
| methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively). | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol | |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 4.31 | 6 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound | |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 5.88 | 9 | 3 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol. | 4.8 | 7 | 1 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 4.97 | 9 | 1 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 9.65 | 49 | 11 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine. | 4.74 | 3 | 0 | amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol | alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| milrinone [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone | cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
| moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) | 4.25 | 4 | 1 | monoterpenoid | |
| muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita. | 6.65 | 69 | 0 | alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound | fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug |
| deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic |
| ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 17.64 | 292 | 14 | purine nucleoside | |
| nafronyl Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors. | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | naphthalenes | |
| naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound | |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 6.47 | 45 | 1 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 4.69 | 30 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. | 5.62 | 10 | 2 | benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound | |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 7.78 | 34 | 6 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 5.13 | 11 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 5.53 | 6 | 3 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 12.01 | 92 | 8 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
| nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; tyramines | neurotransmitter |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 6.82 | 4 | 1 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 9.46 | 28 | 3 | carbazoles | |
| orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 8.08 | 44 | 1 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool. | 4.36 | 21 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine | |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 4.25 | 4 | 1 | aromatic ether | |
| oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder. | 3.53 | 1 | 1 | acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic |
| oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin. | 4.74 | 31 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 5.64 | 19 | 1 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 3.82 | 12 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 8.82 | 273 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 4.58 | 6 | 1 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenmetrazine Phenmetrazine: A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. phenmetrazine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | morpholines | metabolite; sympathomimetic agent |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 6.99 | 76 | 1 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone | acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 8.62 | 74 | 2 | aromatic amine | |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 4.72 | 7 | 1 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | pyridobenzodiazepine | anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 5.23 | 52 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | expectorant; radical scavenger |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| prazepam Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | benzodiazepine | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 8.55 | 74 | 6 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 7.45 | 16 | 2 | amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide | anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic |
| primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 3.99 | 4 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 9.03 | 118 | 1 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | quinolines | |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine. | 4.28 | 4 | 1 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate | anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite |
| promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 5.83 | 12 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | anilide; dichlorobenzene | herbicide |
| propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking. | 4.71 | 7 | 1 | xanthenes | |
| propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 15.92 | 131 | 44 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 13.44 | 307 | 9 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| propyliodone Propyliodone: Radiopaque medium usually in oil; used in bronchography. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound | antidepressant |
| pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
| quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic. | 6.42 | 19 | 0 | piperazines; pyridines | |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 3.84 | 2 | 1 | benzothiazoles | |
| rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | alkylamine | |
| ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action. | 4.29 | 4 | 1 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine | antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| rolipram [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. | 3.84 | 12 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | barbiturates | anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 13.41 | 67 | 29 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound | alkylating agent |
| sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 8.61 | 44 | 2 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
| sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols | dye |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. | 5.21 | 3 | 1 | sulfonamide; tryptamines | serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | benzodiazepine | |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 5.53 | 6 | 3 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 7.75 | 21 | 3 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs. | 3.73 | 3 | 0 | monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 4.83 | 8 | 1 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| thiothixene Thiothixene: A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | thioxanthenes | |
| thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229) | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | pyridinecarboxamide | |
| todralazine Todralazine: An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phthalazines | |
| tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) | 4.97 | 9 | 1 | aromatic ketone | |
| trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| tremorine [no description available] | 3.89 | 13 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine | |
| triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | triazolobenzodiazepine | sedative |
| triclosan [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 4.94 | 9 | 1 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621) | 3.74 | 2 | 1 | aromatic ketone | |
| triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 4.02 | 3 | 1 | organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amine | |
| trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| trimeprazine Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically. | 4.14 | 17 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| tyramine [no description available] | 7.35 | 36 | 1 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| urethane [no description available] | 8.74 | 86 | 1 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite; mutagen |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. | 6.2 | 33 | 1 | 1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity | astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid |
| zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | imidazopyridine | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative |
| zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide | anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | acylcholine | |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 5.65 | 25 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 7.83 | 59 | 1 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 8.82 | 161 | 1 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 10.49 | 157 | 5 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 4.25 | 4 | 1 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| thymidine [no description available] | 4.66 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 9.07 | 32 | 3 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | ||
| dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 6.08 | 30 | 1 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 6.31 | 50 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 11.47 | 37 | 6 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium. | 4.89 | 14 | 0 | tartrate salt | antihypertensive agent |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 11.73 | 22 | 18 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 4.14 | 5 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; glucocorticoid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
| androsterone [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid | androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | phenylethanolamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 4.69 | 30 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction. | 4.16 | 17 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 5.37 | 60 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 9.2 | 28 | 4 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| (4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
| biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton. | 7.48 | 97 | 0 | guanidines | |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 4.41 | 22 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 4.49 | 5 | 1 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 4.94 | 39 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 6.8 | 63 | 1 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 7.24 | 31 | 1 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 6.59 | 51 | 1 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 5.75 | 88 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 5.41 | 15 | 1 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 4.15 | 17 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| piperoxan Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | ||
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 15.66 | 315 | 14 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 9.02 | 58 | 4 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| p-aminoazobenzene p-Aminoazobenzene: Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.. 4-(phenylazo)aniline : Azobenzene substituted at one of the 4-positions by an amino group. It has a role as a dye and an allergen. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 5.37 | 14 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10. | 4.98 | 9 | 1 | aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound | phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine . | 4.67 | 29 | 0 | amphetamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 6.08 | 3 | 2 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| n,n-dimethyltryptamine N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | tryptamine alkaloid; tryptamines | |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 5.7 | 11 | 2 | organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
| zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood. | 3.74 | 11 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 10.02 | 25 | 6 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 4.77 | 10 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 4.26 | 19 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| etimizol Etimizol: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198) | 6.36 | 32 | 0 | ||
| strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde | |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anticoagulant; flavouring agent |
| dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | formamides; volatile organic compound | geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent |
| norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion | antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin |
| chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | isoindoles | |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 3.75 | 2 | 1 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound | agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent |
| asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 4.26 | 4 | 1 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | chloroethanes | polar solvent |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 4.02 | 14 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mestranol [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
| methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | quinazolines | GABA agonist; sedative |
| methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) | 3.74 | 2 | 1 | organic molecular entity | |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 5.78 | 22 | 1 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 6.3 | 58 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| acetylene [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant |
| carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
| ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | acyl chloride | |
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 6.17 | 26 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424) | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | primary amino compound; triol | buffer |
| 3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | mercaptopropanoic acid | algal metabolite |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 3.81 | 12 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| acrylamide [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin |
| dichloroacetic acid [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | astringent; marine metabolite |
| pempidine Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 4.65 | 6 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | defoliant; herbicide |
| brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | organobromine compound; pyridines | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| propoxycaine Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017) | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 3.33 | 1 | 1 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 5.33 | 55 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal; | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | indoledione | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | naphthylamine | carcinogenic agent |
| tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | xanthene | |
| synephrine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic ester | |
| furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
| arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | organoarsonic acid | |
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
| quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group. | 4.5 | 5 | 1 | quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | sulfamic acids | environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. | 4.35 | 4 | 1 | pyridinium salt | |
| phenyl ether diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether | plant metabolite |
| chlorphenesin Chlorphenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203). chlorphenesin : Glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections. Its 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | glycol; monochlorobenzenes; propane-1,2-diols | antibacterial drug; antifungal drug; muscle relaxant |
| nonoxynol Nonoxynol: Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acrolein [no description available] | 7.21 | 6 | 2 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| ethylmercuric chloride Ethylmercuric Chloride: A highly toxic compound used as a fungicide for treating seeds.. ethylmercuric chloride : A highly toxic organomercury compound which is used as a fungicide for treating seeds. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; organomercury compound | fungicide |
| isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkanesulfonic acid | human metabolite |
| sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester | |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 4.77 | 7 | 1 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 3.99 | 14 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 8.34 | 25 | 1 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 4.19 | 18 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| oxyphenisatin acetate Oxyphenisatin Acetate: A laxative that undergoes enterohepatic circulation. It may cause jaundice. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
| diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid anion | radioopaque medium |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| 1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. | 3.74 | 3 | 0 | naphthol | antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. | 4.93 | 37 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor |
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 12.52 | 93 | 6 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| 2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. | 15.34 | 103 | 6 | hydrochloride; organoammonium salt | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
| ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | dithiocarbamic acids | chelator; copper chelator |
| 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| potassium cyanide [no description available] | 5.74 | 27 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin |
| methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups. | 6.61 | 20 | 1 | acetylenic compound; barbiturates | drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic |
| thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 6.7 | 22 | 3 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 4.98 | 9 | 1 | indazole | |
| benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton. | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 6.25 | 19 | 2 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 5.75 | 21 | 1 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 4.07 | 15 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| calcium gluconate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt | nutraceutical |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 6.62 | 20 | 3 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine. | 4.69 | 9 | 0 | monosaccharide | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| benactyzine Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior. | 3.81 | 12 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| paraoxon [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | ||
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 7.79 | 12 | 2 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; phenylureas | agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ether | |
| diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diazo compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison |
| galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. | 5.2 | 50 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | |
| cuprizone [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406) | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nitrile; one-carbon compound | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4. | 6.22 | 11 | 1 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group. | 3.74 | 11 | 0 | nitrite esters | vasodilator agent |
| dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354) | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | phthalazines | |
| bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. | 6.93 | 92 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 6.46 | 57 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | quinone imine | dye |
| alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 3.99 | 14 | 0 | ||
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 4.7 | 5 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative | dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms"). | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid | fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist |
| dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | diarylmethane | |
| copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles | antitubercular agent |
| chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | thiazoles | |
| pyrithiamine Pyrithiamine: A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.. pyrithiamine : A pyridinium ion that is 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridine substituted at position 1 by a (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover. | 4.47 | 5 | 1 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 5.62 | 25 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 3.6 | 8 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound | epitope; explosive; reagent |
| eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organobromine compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| phenoperidine Phenoperidine: A narcotic analgesic partly metabolized to meperidine in the liver. It is similar to morphine in action and used for neuroleptanalgesia, usually with droperidol. | 3.33 | 1 | 1 | piperidines | |
| methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ketone | |
| glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio. | 7.93 | 15 | 5 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | |
| trimecaine Trimecaine: Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 4.52 | 7 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | ||
| clopenthixol Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; primary alcohol; thioxanthenes | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactam; piperidones | EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor |
| diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine | antidiarrhoeal drug |
| cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. | 4.04 | 3 | 1 | nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| allylglycine Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenazocine Phenazocine: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095) | 4.31 | 6 | 0 | ||
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | inorganic hydroxy compound | food acidity regulator |
| vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| propanidid Propanidid: An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918) | 4.84 | 8 | 1 | methoxybenzenes | |
| azaperone Azaperone: A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. azaperone : An N-arylpiperazine that is 2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3-(4-fluobenzoyl)propyl group. Used mainly as a tranquiliser for pigs and elephants. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; aromatic ketone; monofluorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 4.44 | 22 | 0 | tertiary amine | |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 6.48 | 25 | 2 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | |
| 2,4-d amine 2,4-D amine: (1:1) combination of above cpds | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567) | 4.99 | 5 | 2 | aromatic ketone | |
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| flupenthixol Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | thioxanthenes | |
| fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | fucopyranose; L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | thujene | plant metabolite |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties. | 4.35 | 21 | 0 | ||
| cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide | human metabolite |
| tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine | |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 4.29 | 20 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 3.33 | 1 | 1 | carbon oxoanion | |
| fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | ||
| dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene; p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
| chlorphenamidine Chlorphenamidine: An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 10.91 | 76 | 2 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension. | 7.31 | 14 | 2 | sulfonium compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| hepes [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | HEPES; organosulfonic acid | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 6.13 | 12 | 1 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | vanadium group element atom | |
| technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 11.64 | 20 | 18 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium | |
| xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. | 4.44 | 5 | 1 | monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | Lewis acid |
| magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. | 4.03 | 3 | 1 | magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt | anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent |
| mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | mercury coordination entity | sensitiser |
| acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | epitope |
| bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. | 3.81 | 12 | 0 | diatomic bromine | |
| barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. | 4.27 | 7 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate | radioopaque medium |
| zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
| chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion | oxidising agent |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 4.43 | 5 | 1 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 4.72 | 7 | 1 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | ||
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 4.98 | 7 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
| trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 8.42 | 32 | 0 | ||
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| tiletamine Tiletamine: Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | ||
| etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
| clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | benzocycloheptathiophene | histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid. | 5.4 | 8 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorides [no description available] | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| deslanoside Deslanoside: Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.. deslanoside : A cardenolide glycoside that is lanatoside C with the acetoxy group replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolide glycoside; tetrasaccharide derivative | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid | dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS). | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist |
| dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oxadiazon oxadiazon: manufactured by the Societe Rhone-poulenc, France; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| iodine [no description available] | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| clofenapate Clofenapate: An oral hypolipemic agent primarily used in DOGS and RATS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 4.31 | 6 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 7.31 | 34 | 1 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat. | 4.93 | 4 | 0 | chloride salt; organic chloride salt | antiseptic drug; surfactant |
| paraldehyde Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | trioxane | sedative |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one. | 3.95 | 13 | 0 | 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid | human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation | 6.53 | 27 | 0 | ||
| dihydro-beta-erythroidine Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | nicotinic antagonist |
| 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound | antidepressant; protein kinase agonist |
| carticaine Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | thiophenecarboxylic acid | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 10.18 | 161 | 1 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | glucaric acid | antineoplastic agent |
| bis(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ADP-sugar | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 4.31 | 2 | 2 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
| tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. | 6.45 | 12 | 4 | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position. | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine | central nervous system stimulant |
| nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 2 | 1 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| zolazepam Zolazepam: A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool. | 5.02 | 13 | 0 | ||
| sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS). | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative | |
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| etoposide [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| substance p [no description available] | 15.5 | 248 | 6 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 6.07 | 11 | 3 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | local anaesthetic |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 4.25 | 19 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker |
| sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 4.85 | 2 | 1 | ||
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 3.84 | 12 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| bifenox [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid | |
| oxyfluorofen oxyfluorofen: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | pyridinium ion | apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin |
| nonachlazine Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents. | 5.54 | 6 | 3 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 9.43 | 82 | 5 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
| chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| vindesine Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent |
| meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | azepanes | |
| sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 4.98 | 9 | 1 | anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes | anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 10.1 | 17 | 10 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN. | 6.52 | 37 | 0 | ||
| propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages. | 5.63 | 25 | 0 | conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles | antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 4.29 | 4 | 1 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| acifluorfen [no description available] | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzoic acids; C-nitro compound; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 9.47 | 62 | 6 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. | 4.5 | 5 | 0 | diester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
| bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| haloxyfop haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group. | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridines | |
| fluazifop-butyl fluazifop-butyl: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. fluazifop-butyl : A racemate that is the butyl ester of fluazifop. It is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control grass weeds in various broad-leaved crops.. butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organofluorine compound; pyridines | |
| alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | 8.51 | 17 | 6 | monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine. | 4.55 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester | environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic |
| quizalofop-ethyl quizalofop-ethyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. quizalofop-ethyl : A racemate coprising equimolar amounts of quizalofop-P-ethyl and its enantiomer, (S)-quizalofop-ethyl. A proherbicide for quizalofop.. ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid with ethanol. | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; organochlorine compound; quinoxaline derivative | |
| enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | aromatic ketone | |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group. | 4.69 | 29 | 0 | benzodioxine; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | pyrazoloquinoline | dopamine agonist |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| clomazone clomazone: an herbicide. clomazone : An isoxazolidinone that is 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one substituted by a 2-chlorobenzyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4. | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | isoxazolidinone; monochlorobenzenes | agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
| quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| chlorimuron ethyl chlorimuron ethyl: structure in first source. chlorimuron-ethyl : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of chlorimuron with ethanol. A proherbicide for chloimuron, it is used as herbicide for the control of broad-leaved weeds in peanuts, soya beans, and other crops. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; N-sulfonylurea; organochlorine pesticide; pyrimidines; sulfamoylbenzoate | agrochemical; EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; proherbicide |
| cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | imidazoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes | anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor |
| technetium tc 99m mertiatide Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide: A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone | drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist |
| remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline. | 10.01 | 21 | 5 | alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester | intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative |
| lamivudine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration. | 5.48 | 8 | 0 | duloxetine hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organoiodine compound | |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 11.44 | 75 | 7 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion | EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| lactofen lactofen: structure given in first source | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | ||
| venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
| tretoquinol Tretoquinol: An adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| iridium radioisotopes Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes. | 4.38 | 8 | 0 | ||
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 5.2 | 19 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanidin chloride | |
| medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 4.7 | 29 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION. | 4.76 | 7 | 1 | isourea | |
| artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid | antimalarial |
| acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3. | 4.12 | 3 | 1 | acetamides; organosulfonic acid | environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic |
| n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | ||
| cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352) | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; oxazolidinone | metabolite |
| rivastigmine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound | cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| 3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | organoammonium salt | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 13 | 183 | 4 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 3.45 | 2 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 4.48 | 23 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| n-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl(1,2,4)-triazol(1,5-a)pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| dextromoramide Dextromoramide: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070). dextromoramide : An N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; N-acylpyrrolidine | opioid analgesic |
| droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | catechols; L-tyrosine derivative | antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent |
| glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
| foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | metabolite |
| fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist |
| enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond. | 3.86 | 12 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | delta-opioid receptor agonist |
| vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sr141716 [no description available] | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). | 3.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane | antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic |
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 5.18 | 6 | 2 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 5.71 | 27 | 0 | ||
| tadalafil [no description available] | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | plant metabolite |
| thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels. | 3 | 4 | 0 | ||
| chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| alphaprodine Alphaprodine: An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067) | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | |
| imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| reboxetine Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. | 4.36 | 2 | 2 | aromatic ether | |
| tamsulosin [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| aspartame [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester | apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| ethylketocyclazocine Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | ||
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 6.47 | 14 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines | |
| cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| ferric ferricyanide [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tartrazine Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clorazepate dipotassium Clorazepate Dipotassium: A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug |
| aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 3.62 | 9 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 14.44 | 208 | 5 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 16.02 | 593 | 13 | ||
| ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond. | 4.36 | 2 | 2 | piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine | local anaesthetic |
| mesotrione mesotrione: brandname is after the Callistemon (MYRTACEAE) plant it was found in; structure in first source. mesotrione : An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group. | 4.42 | 3 | 1 | aromatic ketone; beta-triketone; C-nitro compound; sulfone | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| piboserod Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| cortisone [no description available] | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | ||
| noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. | 4.87 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| wortmannin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
| ibogaine Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 6.27 | 11 | 1 | ||
| lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670) | 4.05 | 3 | 1 | ||
| protoverin Protoveratrines: Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from Veratrum album (Liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 4.29 | 7 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin [no description available] | 12.45 | 187 | 3 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 12.69 | 148 | 2 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| puromycin [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 4.52 | 24 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer | 8.93 | 104 | 1 | ||
| dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; mouse metabolite |
| strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. | 7.4 | 155 | 0 | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 5.56 | 5 | 1 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 3.54 | 9 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97) | 4.09 | 16 | 0 | benzazocine | |
| pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. | 6.25 | 11 | 1 | acetate ester; steroid ester | cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents. | 6.46 | 9 | 5 | 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | peptide | |
| ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin |
| metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | amino sugar | |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 5.6 | 14 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 5.05 | 43 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| imidazolidines [no description available] | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
| decitabine [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 4.39 | 4 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 8.49 | 70 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | kanamycins | antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
| carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | stilbene | |
| buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain. | 4.99 | 9 | 1 | morphinane alkaloid | delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | cyclic peptide | |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 11.14 | 97 | 2 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine. | 6.69 | 21 | 1 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | chlorprothixene | |
| etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. | 6.39 | 22 | 2 | ethyl ester; imidazoles | intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide | carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure | 3.14 | 1 | 0 | thiazolidinone | |
| benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
| thiohydantoins Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 4.32 | 2 | 2 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 19.65 | 528 | 43 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| metiamide Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 4.11 | 16 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | thiocarboxamide | hepatotoxic agent |
| succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid | chelator |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 6.75 | 11 | 1 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| nadp [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 9.76 | 106 | 15 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 4.28 | 4 | 1 | C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| thiamylal Thiamylal: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919). thiamylal : A member of the class of barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | barbiturates; organosulfur compound | sedative |
| nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| nitromifene Nitromifene: A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist (as the 1:1 citrate) most commonly used as a research tool in animal studies. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | salicylamides | |
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| quinine [no description available] | 5.16 | 15 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
| cystine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine | 4.38 | 21 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine | analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist |
| amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 4.21 | 17 | 0 | ||
| 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. | 5.94 | 33 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digitoxigenin Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22). | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid | |
| myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | ||
| sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 6.65 | 29 | 2 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 4.75 | 7 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| luteolin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 6.14 | 18 | 2 | alpha-humulene | |
| olopatadine hydrochloride Olopatadine Hydrochloride: An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS. | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | dibenzooxazepine | |
| thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| codeine [no description available] | 10.39 | 45 | 5 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. | 12.47 | 100 | 3 | hydrochloride | |
| granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. | 5.88 | 13 | 2 | aromatic amide; indazoles | |
| hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. | 6.15 | 26 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 15.24 | 370 | 15 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. | 4.26 | 3 | 1 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative | antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | 4.56 | 8 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
| lobeline Lobeline: An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation. | 6.38 | 23 | 2 | ||
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 15.8 | 409 | 6 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist |
| deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. | 4.13 | 6 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist |
| dexmedetomidine [no description available] | 10.29 | 23 | 10 | medetomidine | alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative |
| fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug |
| kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation. | 4.27 | 4 | 1 | peptide | |
| lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS. | 4.46 | 5 | 1 | organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic |
| neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI. | 6.19 | 26 | 0 | ||
| neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| thebaine Thebaine: A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | |
| fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 3.67 | 10 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| 15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 4.36 | 2 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
| barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
| mevinphos Mevinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 3.44 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function. | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| levallorphan Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683) | 4.3 | 6 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 8.49 | 44 | 3 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 7.68 | 11 | 1 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | 4.76 | 7 | 1 | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 4.84 | 4 | 2 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| methylazoxymethanol acetate Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | azoxy compound | |
| zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385) | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | styrenes | |
| veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator. | 6.76 | 48 | 0 | alkaloid | |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 8.15 | 23 | 5 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid | animal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen | adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | thyronine | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 3.44 | 8 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor |
| enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments. | 4.6 | 26 | 0 | ||
| strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes. | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | ||
| pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker |
| tiotropium bromide Tiotropium Bromide: A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.. tiotropium bromide : An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 3.99 | 1 | 1 | ||
| oxyfedrine Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| ajmaline Ajmaline: An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class 1-A antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.. ajmaline : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION. | 4.1 | 16 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 7.42 | 91 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| dihydroergotoxine Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES. | 3.44 | 8 | 0 | ||
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 6.95 | 70 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| pregnanediol [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-escin [no description available] | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
| s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | ||
| morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS. | 8.44 | 25 | 1 | isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid | |
| ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors. | 3.67 | 10 | 0 | diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | |
| sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
| enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. | 5.08 | 14 | 0 | ||
| chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments. | 7.46 | 98 | 0 | ||
| phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; fatty acid ester; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | |
| pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. | 4.67 | 9 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| psd 502 Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination: A topical local anesthetic preparation that is composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. It is used to provide anesthesia during minor surgery and for the treatment of PREMATURE EJACULATION. | 6.44 | 5 | 2 | ||
| g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide | |
| vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder. | 2.99 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3) | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | ||
| cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cysteine derivative | |
| alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. | 4.99 | 4 | 0 | ||
| eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364) | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | peptide | |
| angiotensin amide Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 4.23 | 18 | 0 | ||
| brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal. | 6.32 | 30 | 0 | ||
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 3.84 | 3 | 0 | ||
| td-5108 TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source | 4.05 | 4 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | ||
| indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye | |
| scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 9.25 | 58 | 3 | ||
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 14.05 | 105 | 4 | ||
| enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division) | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | ||
| ent-dextilidine Tilidine: An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097). ent-dextilidine : An ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate that has R configuration at the carbon bearing the phenyl group and S configuration at the carbon bearing the dimethylamino group. It is the enantiomer of dextilidine; the opioid analgesic tilidine is the racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextilidine and ent-dextilidine.. tilidine : A racemate that is an equimolar mixture of the two trans diastereoisomers of ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate, namely dextilidine and ent-dextilidine. It is used (commonly as the hydrochloride hemihydrate) as an opioid analgesic for the management of moderate to severe pain. A prodrug, it is metabolised in the body to nortilidine, which is responsible for the analgesic activity; virtually all of the opioid activity resides in the (1S,2R) isomer. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate | |
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676) | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | ||
| felypressin Felypressin: A synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.. felypressin : A synthetic nonapeptide comprising cysteinyl, phenylalanyl, phenylalanyl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, cysteinyl, prolyl, lysyl, and glycinamide residues in sequence, with a disulfide bridge joining the two cysteine residues. Its antidiuretic effects are less than those of vasopressin. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in local anaesthetic injections for dental use, and is an ingredient of preparations that have been used for treatment of pain and inflammation of the mouth. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | vasoconstrictor agent; vasopressin receptor agonist |
| id Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual.. Ile-Asp : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-isoleucine with the amino group of L-aspartic acid. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | |
| physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | ||
| jaw [no description available] | 14.82 | 296 | 10 | indolecarboxamide | |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 8.05 | 45 | 0 | ||
| ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | oligopeptide | diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug |
| motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. | 4.12 | 16 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 10.59 | 45 | 5 | polypeptide | |
| nociceptin [no description available] | 5.49 | 12 | 0 | organic molecular entity; polypeptide | human metabolite; rat metabolite |
| gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters. | 8.18 | 26 | 0 | ||
| gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 9.04 | 14 | 2 | peptide hormone | |
| beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). | 6.41 | 23 | 2 | ||
| emerimicins Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 7.03 | 43 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 4.55 | 1 | 1 | ||
| glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake. | 4.4 | 6 | 0 | ||
| incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 2.82 | 2 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied. | 10.22 | 79 | 7 | organotin acaricide | |
| thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylmercury compound | antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen |
| adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium salicylate [no description available] | 5.06 | 5 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium oxybate Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA. | 4.87 | 8 | 1 | ||
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison |
| sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid. | 5.32 | 13 | 1 | monosodium glutamate | flavouring agent |
| sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | ||
| chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus. | 5.67 | 81 | 0 | ||
| quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | fumarate salt | |
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 6.4 | 18 | 0 | ||
| neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91 | 7.22 | 18 | 1 | peptide hormone | human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary |
| tolterodine tartrate Tolterodine Tartrate: An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | tartrate salt | |
| phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | organic anion | |
| peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed) | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
| glycolipids [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 14.13 | 137 | 11 | ||
| hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | ||
| vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 9.11 | 63 | 0 | ||
| natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS. | 3.92 | 4 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 8.59 | 28 | 2 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| piroxicam [no description available] | 4.06 | 3 | 1 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | aluminosilicate mineral; mixture | antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient |
| charybdotoxin [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| pyrethrins [no description available] | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 3.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | ||
| carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3. | 4.25 | 18 | 0 | angiotensin; peptide zwitterion | human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent |
| hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%). | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin: A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 4.27 | 4 | 1 | ||
| aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sermorelin Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 4.47 | 5 | 1 | ||
| peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. | 3.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
| chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 6.76 | 18 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hypoxanthine [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | fundamental metabolite |
| inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| inosine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 4.89 | 4 | 2 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 13.05 | 156 | 3 | ||
| carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | ||
| ego [no description available] | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | ||
| pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 15.46 | 127 | 19 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Enlarged Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 18.1 | 586 | 3 |
| Hepatic Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyrias, Hepatic A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 17.88 | 754 | 11 |
| Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyria Cutanea Tarda An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.04 | 4 | 0 |
| Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less. | 0 | 13.09 | 104 | 12 |
| Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. | 0 | 13.09 | 104 | 12 |
| Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Ototoxicity Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Nearsightedness [description not available] | 0 | 6.23 | 13 | 1 |
| Muscle Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 12.7 | 147 | 7 |
| Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness. | 0 | 6.23 | 13 | 1 |
| Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 12.7 | 147 | 7 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V) | 0 | 3.59 | 7 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 13.73 | 347 | 6 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 8.53 | 20 | 2 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 24.17 | 2,265 | 78 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 8.53 | 20 | 2 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 20.17 | 331 | 26 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 20.17 | 331 | 26 |
| Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 23.56 | 803 | 85 |
| Chronic Lung Injury [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 4.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 13.68 | 156 | 7 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 4.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 9.4 | 145 | 1 |
| Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 10.45 | 44 | 4 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) | 0 | 10.45 | 44 | 4 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 17.38 | 209 | 17 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 17.38 | 209 | 17 |
| Dentofacial Abnormalities [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 12.49 | 172 | 2 |
| Deficiency, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 8.53 | 65 | 1 |
| Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available] | 0 | 4.9 | 14 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 11.18 | 273 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 16.82 | 207 | 7 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 12.49 | 172 | 2 |
| Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) | 0 | 8.53 | 65 | 1 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 11.18 | 273 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 16.82 | 207 | 7 |
| Emesis, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 8.72 | 9 | 6 |
| Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia. | 0 | 8.72 | 9 | 6 |
| Muscle Pain [description not available] | 0 | 5.56 | 5 | 1 |
| Myalgia Painful sensation in the muscles. | 0 | 5.56 | 5 | 1 |
| Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury. | 0 | 8.53 | 14 | 1 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.49 | 5 | 0 |
| Drop Attack [description not available] | 0 | 19.67 | 353 | 11 |
| Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9) | 0 | 19.67 | 353 | 11 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 19.16 | 284 | 1 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 19.16 | 284 | 1 |
| Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS. | 0 | 5.65 | 31 | 0 |
| Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 4.38 | 19 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 4.38 | 19 | 0 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 17.87 | 601 | 13 |
| Dysphagia [description not available] | 0 | 15.97 | 99 | 10 |
| Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 15.97 | 99 | 10 |
| Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494) | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 15.49 | 142 | 12 |
| Sinus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 7.77 | 19 | 0 |
| Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. | 0 | 7.77 | 19 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 17.79 | 164 | 22 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 16.55 | 142 | 10 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 7.1 | 11 | 2 |
| Hyperpotassemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 17.79 | 164 | 22 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 16.55 | 142 | 10 |
| Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 26.86 | 1,404 | 414 |
| Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent. | 0 | 7.65 | 12 | 3 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 26.86 | 1,404 | 414 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 10.3 | 60 | 3 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 10.3 | 60 | 3 |
| Cot Death [description not available] | 0 | 11.05 | 51 | 2 |
| Hypotension, Postural [description not available] | 0 | 13.58 | 99 | 8 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 18.36 | 289 | 13 |
| Hypotension, Orthostatic A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE. | 0 | 13.58 | 99 | 8 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 18.36 | 289 | 13 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 12.46 | 58 | 6 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 15.53 | 296 | 6 |
| Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 15.53 | 296 | 6 |
| Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 10.48 | 25 | 2 |
| Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 10.48 | 25 | 2 |
| Infection, Puerperal [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 19.5 | 539 | 16 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 19.5 | 539 | 16 |
| Autokinetic Effect [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 21 | 0 |
| Anterior Knee Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome A syndrome characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar PAIN resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. The pain is most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting with flexed knees. There is a lack of consensus on the etiology and treatment. The syndrome is often confused with (or accompanied by) CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE, the latter describing a pathological condition of the CARTILAGE and not a syndrome. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS). | 0 | 7.79 | 6 | 4 |
| Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 6.72 | 32 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8) | 0 | 6.72 | 32 | 0 |
| Myelopathy [description not available] | 0 | 10.27 | 84 | 2 |
| Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord. | 0 | 10.27 | 84 | 2 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 7 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 4.52 | 7 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 13.19 | 66 | 5 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 13.19 | 66 | 5 |
| Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994) | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
| Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| HPV Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.72 | 7 | 0 |
| Cervix Dysplasia [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 8 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 8.47 | 11 | 2 |
| Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE. | 0 | 3.37 | 4 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 3.64 | 8 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 8.47 | 11 | 2 |
| Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression. | 0 | 3.72 | 7 | 0 |
| Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR). | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast. | 0 | 4.67 | 29 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz. | 0 | 4.67 | 29 | 0 |
| Esophageal Dysmotility [description not available] | 0 | 5.59 | 6 | 1 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 21.66 | 642 | 34 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 21.66 | 642 | 34 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 15.65 | 157 | 14 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 11.66 | 48 | 5 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 15.65 | 157 | 14 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 11.66 | 48 | 5 |
| Bartonella bacilliformis Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available] | 0 | 14.49 | 157 | 5 |
| Cleft Spine [description not available] | 0 | 6.7 | 22 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. | 0 | 14.49 | 157 | 5 |
| Anus Diseases Diseases involving the ANUS. | 0 | 6.63 | 11 | 2 |
| Acoustic Neuroma [description not available] | 0 | 5.63 | 30 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 13.47 | 95 | 11 |
| Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available] | 0 | 18.82 | 898 | 3 |
| Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available] | 0 | 19.01 | 281 | 23 |
| Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body. | 0 | 18.82 | 898 | 3 |
| Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) | 0 | 19.01 | 281 | 23 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 13.47 | 95 | 11 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.42 | 23 | 2 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 15.41 | 77 | 19 |
| Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 4.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. | 0 | 4.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 8.65 | 12 | 2 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 13.71 | 116 | 7 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 13.71 | 116 | 7 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 0 | 8.65 | 12 | 2 |
| Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 12.56 | 38 | 8 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 12.56 | 38 | 8 |
| Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features. | 0 | 5.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available] | 0 | 4.95 | 10 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. | 0 | 4.95 | 10 | 0 |
| Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 4 | 0 |
| Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders. | 0 | 3.05 | 4 | 0 |
| EBV Infections [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes. | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX. | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY). | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Dead [description not available] | 0 | 11.08 | 137 | 0 |
| Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 11.29 | 29 | 5 |
| Injuries, Spinal [description not available] | 0 | 6.29 | 14 | 1 |
| Injuries, Whiplash [description not available] | 0 | 11.54 | 28 | 2 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 8.99 | 45 | 2 |
| Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 4.31 | 7 | 0 |
| Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 14.6 | 93 | 4 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 12.96 | 53 | 6 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 14.6 | 93 | 4 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 12.96 | 53 | 6 |
| Meibomian Gland Dysfunction A chronic dysfunction of MEIBOMIAN GLANDS characterized by altered tear film stability and function due to a decrease or alteration in lipid quality/content in meibum. It is often associated with evaporative-type DRY EYE SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 20.67 | 700 | 43 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 10.99 | 65 | 2 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 20.67 | 700 | 43 |
| Myoclonic Jerk [description not available] | 0 | 15.22 | 140 | 2 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 6.27 | 13 | 3 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 6.27 | 13 | 3 |
| Bradyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 14.52 | 365 | 2 |
| Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. | 0 | 14.52 | 365 | 2 |
| Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. | 0 | 5.79 | 12 | 2 |
| Cytokine Release Syndrome A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 7.41 | 28 | 1 |
| Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. | 0 | 7.41 | 28 | 1 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 8 | 49 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 8 | 49 | 0 |
| Cerebral Cryptococcosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 4 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Cryptococcal Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2) | 0 | 3.01 | 4 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 12.53 | 160 | 3 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 12.53 | 160 | 3 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 6.88 | 32 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 10.2 | 40 | 4 |
| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Idiopathic recurrent VERTIGO associated with POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS. It is associated with a vestibular loss without other neurological or auditory signs. Unlike in LABYRINTHITIS and VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS, inflammation in the ear is not observed. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 0 |
| Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available] | 0 | 6.17 | 4 | 1 |
| Torsade de Pointes [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME. | 0 | 6.17 | 4 | 1 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 12.17 | 196 | 1 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 12.17 | 196 | 1 |
| Neurilemoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.17 | 19 | 0 |
| Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5) | 0 | 5.17 | 19 | 0 |
| Hypermobility, Joint [description not available] | 0 | 10.61 | 29 | 2 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 15.01 | 224 | 2 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 15.01 | 224 | 2 |
| Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 12.7 | 47 | 3 |
| Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395) | 0 | 12.7 | 47 | 3 |
| Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available] | 0 | 5.34 | 9 | 0 |
| Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.5 | 16 | 0 |
| Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4) | 0 | 5.5 | 16 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 4.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Neurally Mediated Faint [description not available] | 0 | 16.12 | 67 | 21 |
| Sick Sinus Node Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 10.74 | 42 | 1 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 10.74 | 42 | 1 |
| Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 10.7 | 43 | 3 |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) | 0 | 10.7 | 43 | 3 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 11.76 | 69 | 3 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 8.09 | 91 | 0 |
| Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls. | 0 | 9.15 | 42 | 2 |
| Congenital Stiff-Man Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Stiff-Person Syndrome A condition characterized by persistent spasms (SPASM) involving multiple muscles, primarily in the lower limbs and trunk. The illness tends to occur in the fourth to sixth decade of life, presenting with intermittent spasms that become continuous. Minor sensory stimuli, such as noise and light touch, precipitate severe spasms. Spasms do not occur during sleep and only rarely involve cranial muscles. Respiration may become impaired in advanced cases. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1492; Neurology 1998 Jul;51(1):85-93) | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 16.44 | 198 | 13 |
| Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 16.44 | 198 | 13 |
| Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 12.94 | 45 | 4 |
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 12.27 | 123 | 3 |
| Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. | 0 | 5.89 | 23 | 0 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 14.06 | 58 | 4 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 14.06 | 58 | 4 |
| Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN. | 0 | 7.28 | 18 | 2 |
| Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs. | 0 | 11.15 | 38 | 7 |
| Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 9.56 | 15 | 4 |
| Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available] | 0 | 4.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7) | 0 | 4.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92) | 0 | 9.56 | 15 | 4 |
| Orthostatic Intolerance Symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion or autonomic overaction which develop while the subject is standing, but are relieved on recumbency. Types of this include NEUROCARDIOGENIC SYNCOPE; POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME; and neurogenic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. (From Noseworthy, JH., Neurological Therapeutics Principles and Practice, 2007, p2575-2576) | 0 | 3.36 | 6 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 11.19 | 33 | 3 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 11.19 | 33 | 3 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 11.7 | 124 | 2 |
| Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available] | 0 | 14.61 | 167 | 5 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 11.7 | 124 | 2 |
| Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7) | 0 | 14.61 | 167 | 5 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 10 | 1 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 6 | 10 | 1 |
| Concomitant Strabismus [description not available] | 0 | 10.45 | 97 | 8 |
| Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641) | 0 | 10.45 | 97 | 8 |
| Day Blindness [description not available] | 0 | 5.83 | 23 | 0 |
| Acquired Meningomyelocele [description not available] | 0 | 6.69 | 20 | 1 |
| Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 12.07 | 53 | 5 |
| Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 12.07 | 53 | 5 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 19.26 | 517 | 29 |
| Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 8.13 | 43 | 1 |
| Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 8.13 | 43 | 1 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 3.88 | 11 | 0 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 7 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 3.48 | 7 | 0 |
| Reproductive Sterility [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 4 | 0 |
| Varicocele A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume. | 0 | 3.52 | 4 | 0 |
| Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS. | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce. | 0 | 3.52 | 4 | 0 |
| Bladder, Overactive [description not available] | 0 | 7.3 | 35 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present. | 0 | 7.3 | 35 | 0 |
| Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 7.2 | 18 | 1 |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less. | 0 | 7.2 | 18 | 1 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 14.44 | 122 | 5 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 14.44 | 122 | 5 |
| Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection. | 0 | 4.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Pyuria The presence of white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) in the urine. It is often associated with bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyuria without BACTERIURIA can be caused by TUBERCULOSIS, stones, or cancer. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 6.53 | 18 | 1 |
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 16.99 | 169 | 15 |
| Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 7.84 | 31 | 1 |
| Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance. | 0 | 7.84 | 31 | 1 |
| Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | 0 | 16.44 | 200 | 13 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 9.29 | 76 | 1 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 9.29 | 76 | 1 |
| Amentia [description not available] | 0 | 7.55 | 38 | 0 |
| Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. | 0 | 7.55 | 38 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 10.65 | 25 | 5 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 10.65 | 25 | 5 |
| Cognitive Decline [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 32 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic. | 0 | 6.73 | 32 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 21.33 | 254 | 17 |
| Hoarseness An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice. | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 21.33 | 254 | 17 |
| Alexia [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 5 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.57 | 4 | 0 |
| Rheumatism [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 5.57 | 4 | 0 |
| Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
| Deafness, Transitory [description not available] | 0 | 5.66 | 19 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. | 0 | 5.66 | 19 | 0 |
| Adnexal Diseases Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Essential Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Action Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 12.55 | 107 | 5 |
| Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE. | 0 | 12.55 | 107 | 5 |
| Essential Tremor A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10) | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available] | 0 | 6.6 | 11 | 1 |
| Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 0 | 19.01 | 308 | 28 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 14.94 | 180 | 5 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 14.94 | 180 | 5 |
| Epilepsy Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 2 | 0 |
| Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 7.7 | 21 | 1 |
| Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Epileptic Syndromes EPILEPTIC SEIZURES that are of similar type and age of onset and have other similar features (e.g., clinical course, EEG findings, genetic association and neuropathology). | 0 | 2.69 | 2 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) | 0 | 7.7 | 21 | 1 |
| Amblyopia, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 15 | 0 |
| Amblyopia A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications. | 0 | 4.04 | 15 | 0 |
| Co-infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Amazon Black Fever [description not available] | 0 | 4.21 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis D INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 4.21 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Convergent Strabismus [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Esotropia A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a cross-eye appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 4.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Colitis, Mucous [description not available] | 0 | 7.96 | 18 | 2 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION. | 0 | 7.96 | 18 | 2 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 5.16 | 19 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 5.16 | 19 | 0 |
| Autonomic Hyperreflexia [description not available] | 0 | 5.65 | 18 | 0 |
| Autonomic Dysreflexia A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD INJURIES) characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic response to minor stimuli such as bladder or rectal distention. Manifestations include HYPERTENSION; TACHYCARDIA (or reflex bradycardia); FEVER; FLUSHING; and HYPERHIDROSIS. Extreme hypertension may be associated with a STROKE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp538 and 1232; J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20(3):355-60) | 0 | 5.65 | 18 | 0 |
| Parotiditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available] | 0 | 9.38 | 24 | 1 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 13.77 | 139 | 4 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 13.77 | 139 | 4 |
| Small Fiber Neuropathy Disorder of the peripheral nerves that primarily impair small nerve fibers. The affected small nerve fibers include myelinated A-delta fibers (see A FIBERS) and unmyelinated C FIBERS. Because these small fibers innervate skin and help control autonomic function, their neuropathy presents with neuropathic pain, reduced thermal and pain sensitivity, and autonomic dysfunction (e.g. abnormal sweating or facial flushing). Small fiber neuropathy can be idiopathic or associated with underlying diseases (e.g., AMYLOIDOSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; SARCOIDOSIS; or VASCULITIS). | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 11.19 | 49 | 3 |
| Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 5.81 | 14 | 0 |
| Sneezing The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT. | 0 | 11.2 | 106 | 4 |
| Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 5.81 | 14 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 4.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 6.42 | 16 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 3.3 | 4 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 6.42 | 16 | 1 |
| Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 4.79 | 7 | 0 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 4.79 | 7 | 0 |
| Cone-Rod Degenerations [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.7 | 10 | 0 |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina. | 0 | 3.7 | 10 | 0 |
| Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 19 | 0 |
| Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 6 | 19 | 0 |
| Ankle Injuries Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source. | 0 | 8.95 | 12 | 2 |
| Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyotonia Congenita [description not available] | 0 | 14.89 | 88 | 3 |
| Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 14.89 | 88 | 3 |
| Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR). | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 6.27 | 37 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 6.27 | 37 | 0 |
| Distorted Hearing [description not available] | 0 | 9.59 | 75 | 1 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 11.07 | 102 | 3 |
| Channelopathies A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Dry Eye [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 0 |
| Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur. | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 0 |
| Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. | 0 | 7.56 | 31 | 1 |
| Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 3.79 | 11 | 0 |
| Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 3.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). | 0 | 3.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 29 | 0 |
| Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS. | 0 | 5.17 | 19 | 0 |
| Bernard Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.66 | 7 | 1 |
| Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle. | 0 | 4.67 | 29 | 0 |
| Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA. | 0 | 2.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 9.43 | 29 | 4 |
| Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 9.43 | 29 | 4 |
| Injuries, Eye [description not available] | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Macular Holes [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Blunt Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.8 | 7 | 1 |
| Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries. | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 9 | 1 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 5.04 | 9 | 1 |
| Air Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 9.52 | 30 | 2 |
| Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness. | 0 | 9.52 | 30 | 2 |
| Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Endometrium [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer. | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 11.65 | 99 | 4 |
| Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 11.65 | 99 | 4 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 9.3 | 65 | 6 |
| Aspiration, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 6.42 | 14 | 0 |
| Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 14.47 | 71 | 6 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 8.81 | 15 | 1 |
| Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT. | 0 | 14.47 | 71 | 6 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 8.81 | 15 | 1 |
| Gastric Stasis [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 15.91 | 121 | 15 |
| Cannabis Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 15.91 | 121 | 15 |
| Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 6.9 | 32 | 0 |
| Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Muscular Weakness [description not available] | 0 | 10.85 | 33 | 2 |
| Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251) | 0 | 10.85 | 33 | 2 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 11.02 | 34 | 2 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 11.02 | 34 | 2 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 30 | 0 |
| Decerebrate Posturing [description not available] | 0 | 15.6 | 860 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 8.7 | 77 | 1 |
| Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 8.7 | 77 | 1 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 7.8 | 30 | 1 |
| Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 12.74 | 46 | 20 |
| Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 12.74 | 46 | 20 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 7.69 | 5 | 4 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 15.14 | 212 | 3 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 15.14 | 212 | 3 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 6.45 | 10 | 1 |
| Cramp [description not available] | 0 | 6.4 | 16 | 0 |
| Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398) | 0 | 6.4 | 16 | 0 |
| Auditory Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 4.9 | 37 | 0 |
| Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops. | 0 | 4.9 | 37 | 0 |
| Infectious Myelitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available] | 0 | 5.63 | 31 | 0 |
| Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form. | 0 | 5.63 | 31 | 0 |
| Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 6.37 | 15 | 1 |
| Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA. | 0 | 6.37 | 15 | 1 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 6.07 | 16 | 2 |
| Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 0 |
| Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 7.19 | 20 | 0 |
| Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 0 |
| Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 15.38 | 314 | 0 |
| Cerebral Concussion [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 20 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 4.91 | 14 | 0 |
| Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418) | 0 | 4.31 | 20 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 4.91 | 14 | 0 |
| Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available] | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Bladder, Underactive [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 10.22 | 48 | 1 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 10.22 | 48 | 1 |
| Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 6.42 | 43 | 1 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 7.5 | 51 | 1 |
| Nodular Goiter [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 6.42 | 43 | 1 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 7.5 | 51 | 1 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 5.82 | 23 | 0 |
| ADDH [description not available] | 0 | 7.11 | 11 | 0 |
| Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V) | 0 | 7.11 | 11 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 14.28 | 165 | 2 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 14.28 | 165 | 2 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 6.42 | 42 | 1 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 6.42 | 42 | 1 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 10.53 | 53 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 10.53 | 53 | 0 |
| Facial Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 7.95 | 114 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 4.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). | 0 | 4.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 8.22 | 47 | 1 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 8.22 | 47 | 1 |
| Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE. | 0 | 13.88 | 99 | 4 |
| Ametropia [description not available] | 0 | 4.68 | 11 | 0 |
| Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. | 0 | 4.68 | 11 | 0 |
| Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION). | 0 | 6.49 | 17 | 1 |
| Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 6.29 | 14 | 1 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 6.29 | 14 | 1 |
| Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available] | 0 | 4.55 | 1 | 1 |
| Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN. | 0 | 4.55 | 1 | 1 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 9.03 | 40 | 1 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 9.03 | 40 | 1 |
| Facial Spasm, Unilateral [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| 47,XX,+21 [description not available] | 0 | 6.29 | 14 | 0 |
| Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) | 0 | 6.29 | 14 | 0 |
| Long QT Syndrome 1 [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 1 | 1 |
| Injuries, Soft Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Incontinence, Stress Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency. | 0 | 10.58 | 44 | 2 |
| Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 6.05 | 10 | 1 |
| Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 0 | 6.05 | 10 | 1 |
| HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood A group of recessive inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3) | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 6.35 | 15 | 1 |
| Adhesions, Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Aortic Dissection [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Child Development Deviations [description not available] | 0 | 9.65 | 37 | 1 |
| Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) | 0 | 9.65 | 37 | 1 |
| Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide. | 0 | 10.41 | 93 | 3 |
| Hyperkyphosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Cervical Dystonia A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures. | 0 | 6.54 | 18 | 1 |
| Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors. | 0 | 6.54 | 18 | 1 |
| Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones. | 0 | 6.72 | 4 | 1 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 9.89 | 116 | 0 |
| Consciousness, Loss of [description not available] | 0 | 14.5 | 216 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 9.89 | 116 | 0 |
| Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Marijuana Use Medicinal or recreational utilization of MARIJUANA. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 21.57 | 345 | 324 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 21.57 | 345 | 324 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 7.04 | 19 | 1 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 7.04 | 19 | 1 |
| Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 5.29 | 21 | 0 |
| Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 5.29 | 21 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 5.77 | 21 | 1 |
| Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available. | 0 | 9.37 | 24 | 3 |
| Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 14.93 | 82 | 11 |
| Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 8.63 | 17 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 5.78 | 8 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 7.04 | 19 | 1 |
| Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY. | 0 | 5.78 | 8 | 1 |
| Diabetic Feet [description not available] | 0 | 7.79 | 8 | 0 |
| Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION. | 0 | 7.79 | 8 | 0 |
| Headache, Tension [description not available] | 0 | 7.93 | 17 | 1 |
| Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 7.93 | 17 | 1 |
| Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 5.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 5.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present. | 0 | 5.81 | 23 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy Sudden death in a patient with EPILEPSY associated with SEIZURES and seizure-related symptoms (e.g., APNEA; HYPOXEMIA) without other identifiable accidental causes (e.g., DROWNING; WOUNDS AND INJURIES). | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Prenatal [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 6.33 | 6 | 1 |
| Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 6.33 | 6 | 1 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Cone Dystrophy A general term which describes a group of rare eye disorders that affect the cone cells of the RETINA. Cone dystrophy can cause a variety of symptoms including decreased visual clarity or acuity when looking straight ahead (central vision), a reduced ability to see colors, and an increased sensitivity to light (PHOTOPHOBIA). | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Fatigue, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 10 | 2 |
| Apnea, Central [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 4 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea, Central A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration. | 0 | 3.01 | 4 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 12.06 | 133 | 10 |
| Exertional Heat Illness [description not available] | 0 | 5.75 | 7 | 3 |
| Psychological Trauma An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Bowel Incontinence [description not available] | 0 | 11.93 | 108 | 2 |
| Anus Prolapse [description not available] | 0 | 5.23 | 12 | 0 |
| Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus. | 0 | 11.93 | 108 | 2 |
| Action Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Astasia-Abasia [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
| American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 8 | 52 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 8 | 52 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 5.67 | 7 | 1 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 6.27 | 14 | 1 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 5.67 | 7 | 1 |
| Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 6.89 | 14 | 0 |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314) | 0 | 6.89 | 14 | 0 |
| Dizzyness [description not available] | 0 | 5.52 | 16 | 1 |
| Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. | 0 | 5.52 | 16 | 1 |
| Eaton-Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome An autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and fatigability of proximal muscles, particularly of the pelvic girdle, lower extremities, trunk, and shoulder girdle. There is relative sparing of extraocular and bulbar muscles. CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL of the lung is a frequently associated condition, although other malignancies and autoimmune diseases may be associated. Muscular weakness results from impaired impulse transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Presynaptic calcium channel dysfunction leads to a reduced amount of acetylcholine being released in response to stimulation of the nerve. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 1471) | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 11 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA. | 0 | 4.66 | 11 | 0 |
| Bilirubinemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available] | 0 | 5.68 | 14 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321). | 0 | 5.68 | 14 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms ( | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Hemiatrophy A syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. The condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Tachypnea Increased RESPIRATORY RATE. | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
| High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions A cytological test finding that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL cells. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 6.62 | 8 | 1 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 7.77 | 22 | 0 |
| Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 6.62 | 8 | 1 |
| Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Anterior Fascicular Block [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 9 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases. | 0 | 3.56 | 9 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 7 | 0 |
| Auditory Hyperesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 0 |
| Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 3.46 | 7 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available] | 0 | 4.89 | 37 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology. | 0 | 4.89 | 37 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Retina [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 7 | 0 |
| Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104) | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Birnaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 8.07 | 50 | 2 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 8.07 | 50 | 2 |
| Brain Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 3.18 | 5 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 8.69 | 41 | 1 |
| Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. | 0 | 3.18 | 5 | 0 |
| Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 9.54 | 29 | 4 |
| Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 9.54 | 29 | 4 |
| Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Factitious Disorders Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Brachial Paresis [description not available] | 0 | 7.9 | 29 | 3 |
| Briquet Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Somatoform Disorders Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| DDPAC [description not available] | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Autism [description not available] | 0 | 6.97 | 16 | 2 |
| Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V) | 0 | 6.97 | 16 | 2 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. | 0 | 6.91 | 39 | 2 |
| Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 4.54 | 5 | 1 |
| Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Migraine without Aura Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 4.54 | 5 | 1 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.78 | 22 | 0 |
| Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 5.78 | 22 | 0 |
| Child Mental Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5). | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Bronchospasm [description not available] | 0 | 11.28 | 61 | 2 |
| Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. | 0 | 11.28 | 61 | 2 |
| Polyradiculitis [description not available] | 0 | 5.44 | 25 | 0 |
| Polyradiculopathy Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots. | 0 | 5.44 | 25 | 0 |
| Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 8.23 | 37 | 1 |
| Cumulative Trauma Disorders Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45) | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Acathisia, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.39 | 22 | 0 |
| Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 7 | 0 |
| Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 8.5 | 24 | 1 |
| Urethral Obstruction Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void. | 0 | 4.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 8.41 | 48 | 3 |
| Cretinism [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Anhidrosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.02 | 4 | 0 |
| Adie Pupil [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 8 | 0 |
| BH4 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952). | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Acrania [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41) | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Gagging Contraction of the muscle of the PHARYNX caused by stimulation of sensory receptors on the SOFT PALATE, by psychic stimuli, or systemically by drugs. | 0 | 10.94 | 97 | 6 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 12.23 | 81 | 2 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 12.23 | 81 | 2 |
| Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 8.22 | 106 | 0 |
| Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 8.22 | 106 | 0 |
| Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin. | 0 | 4.9 | 8 | 1 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 5.02 | 16 | 0 |
| Adie Syndrome A syndrome characterized by a TONIC PUPIL that occurs in combination with decreased lower extremity reflexes. The affected pupil will respond more briskly to accommodation than to light (light-near dissociation) and is supersensitive to dilute pilocarpine eye drops, which induce pupillary constriction. Pathologic features include degeneration of the ciliary ganglion and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the pupillary constrictor muscle. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p279) | 0 | 5.16 | 19 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 6.03 | 18 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 6 | 43 | 0 |
| As If Personality [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 15 | 0 |
| Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 6.84 | 5 | 1 |
| Common Bile Duct Diseases Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries The injuries caused by conducted energy weapons such as stun guns, shock batons, and cattle prods. | 0 | 3.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 11 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 3.76 | 11 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 19 | 0 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 4.28 | 19 | 0 |
| Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available] | 0 | 8.56 | 18 | 2 |
| Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck. | 0 | 8.56 | 18 | 2 |
| Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions. | 0 | 7.65 | 40 | 0 |
| Hyperidrosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 10 | 0 |
| Lock Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Congenital Hand Deformities [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise. | 0 | 4.62 | 10 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 16 | 0 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 10.58 | 73 | 2 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 5.04 | 16 | 0 |
| Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome A syndrome of ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE combined with excessive upright TACHYCARDIA, and usually without associated ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. All variants have in common an excessively reduced venous return to the heart (central HYPOVOLEMIA) while upright. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Triplication [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| ACL Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.91 | 13 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43) | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Deaf Mutism [description not available] | 0 | 9.96 | 109 | 1 |
| Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears. | 0 | 9.96 | 109 | 1 |
| Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 19 | 0 |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343) | 0 | 4.31 | 19 | 0 |
| Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 9 | 0 |
| Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. | 0 | 3.64 | 9 | 0 |
| Bilateral Vestibular Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurogenic Bowel Loss or absence of normal intestinal function due to nerve damage or birth defects. It is characterized by the inability to control the elimination of stool from the body. | 0 | 4.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.45 | 23 | 0 |
| Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 9.48 | 18 | 7 |
| Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 9.48 | 18 | 7 |
| Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available] | 0 | 11.99 | 82 | 5 |
| Gelineau Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Cataleptic Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7) | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep. | 0 | 4.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available] | 0 | 9.19 | 24 | 3 |
| Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes. | 0 | 3.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 7 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019) | 0 | 3.47 | 7 | 0 |
| Itching [description not available] | 0 | 6.13 | 17 | 2 |
| Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 6.13 | 17 | 2 |
| Prodromal Characteristics [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 4.87 | 8 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 4.87 | 8 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
| Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 3.92 | 13 | 0 |
| Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available] | 0 | 5.81 | 22 | 1 |
| Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root. | 0 | 5.81 | 22 | 1 |
| Separation Anxiety Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Anxiety, Separation Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Contusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available] | 0 | 7.3 | 21 | 0 |
| Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 0 | 7.3 | 21 | 0 |
| Arnold-Chiari Deformity [description not available] | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Friedreich Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 12 | 0 |
| Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) | 0 | 4.77 | 12 | 0 |
| Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Low Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 12.07 | 40 | 3 |
| Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. | 0 | 12.07 | 40 | 3 |
| Aganglionic Megacolon [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 34 | 0 |
| Hirschsprung Disease Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON. | 0 | 5.76 | 34 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Stem Hematoma, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Blow Out Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body. | 0 | 3.77 | 11 | 0 |
| Choroid Hemorrhage Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Primary headache disorders that show symptoms caused by the activation of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. These autonomic features include redness and tearing of the EYE, nasal congestion or discharge, facial SWEATING and other symptoms. Most subgroups show unilateral cranial PAIN. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Blood Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 7.37 | 44 | 0 |
| Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation. | 0 | 7.37 | 44 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 8.01 | 35 | 0 |
| Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Drooling [description not available] | 0 | 4.19 | 18 | 0 |
| Sialorrhea Increased salivary flow. | 0 | 4.19 | 18 | 0 |
| Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Nerve Avulsion [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 5 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve X Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve X Injury [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Cranial Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 8.8 | 12 | 3 |
| Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95) | 0 | 8.8 | 12 | 3 |
| Food Poisoning, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 9.88 | 37 | 1 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 9.88 | 37 | 1 |
| Cheyne-Stokes Respiration An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 1 |
| Sex Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 6.46 | 24 | 0 |
| Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female. | 0 | 6.46 | 24 | 0 |
| Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN. | 0 | 4.89 | 8 | 0 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 4.51 | 3 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 4.51 | 3 | 0 |
| Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 9.93 | 81 | 3 |
| Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 9.93 | 81 | 3 |
| Hay Fever [description not available] | 0 | 11.72 | 28 | 8 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS. | 0 | 11.72 | 28 | 8 |
| Paralysis, Legs [description not available] | 0 | 11.23 | 121 | 2 |
| Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness. | 0 | 11.23 | 121 | 2 |
| Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.8 | 35 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression. | 0 | 5.8 | 35 | 0 |
| Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 16.66 | 139 | 0 |
| Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available] | 0 | 5.88 | 15 | 0 |
| Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 5.82 | 14 | 0 |
| Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA. | 0 | 5.82 | 14 | 0 |
| Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 6.31 | 37 | 1 |
| Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). | 0 | 6.31 | 37 | 1 |
| Anal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 6 | 1 |
| Suffocation [description not available] | 0 | 11.4 | 69 | 1 |
| Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life. | 0 | 11.4 | 69 | 1 |
| Glue Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.66 | 79 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 8.66 | 79 | 0 |
| Pelvic Floor Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Benedict Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.23 | 6 | 2 |
| Sprains [description not available] | 0 | 6.24 | 13 | 0 |
| Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature. | 0 | 6.24 | 13 | 0 |
| Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Bladder Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Cystitis, Interstitial A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Apnea, Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 12.53 | 63 | 3 |
| Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types. | 0 | 12.53 | 63 | 3 |
| Anesthesia Awareness [description not available] | 0 | 5.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 18 | 1 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 8.54 | 32 | 2 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 8.54 | 32 | 2 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Fibrosis, Inflammatory Perianeurysmal [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Retroperitoneal Fibrosis A slowly progressive condition of unknown etiology, characterized by deposition of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space compressing the ureters, great vessels, bile duct, and other structures. When associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, it may be called chronic periaortitis or inflammatory perianeurysmal fibrosis. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythermalgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Erythromelalgia A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Carotid Body Tumor Benign paraganglioma at the bifurcation of the COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES. It can encroach on the parapharyngeal space and produce dysphagia, pain, and cranial nerve palsies. | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Blepharospasm Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle. | 0 | 4.97 | 9 | 0 |
| Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Occurrence of heart arrest in an individual when there is no immediate access to medical personnel or equipment. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 28 | 0 |
| Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY. | 0 | 6 | 28 | 0 |
| Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight. | 0 | 5.49 | 5 | 3 |
| Hyperandrogenism A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 10.51 | 31 | 4 |
| Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available] | 0 | 7.56 | 20 | 1 |
| Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES. | 0 | 7.56 | 20 | 1 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 5.69 | 7 | 1 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 5.69 | 7 | 1 |
| Urge Incontinence [description not available] | 0 | 4.55 | 5 | 0 |
| Urinary Incontinence, Urge Involuntary discharge of URINE that is associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void. It is usually related to the involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle of the bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia or detrusor instability). | 0 | 4.55 | 5 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing. | 0 | 7.56 | 18 | 2 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function. | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Brachial Plexopathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 5 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint. | 0 | 4.24 | 19 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Brachial Plexus Neuropathies Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2) | 0 | 3.19 | 5 | 0 |
| Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM). | 0 | 9.83 | 31 | 2 |
| Aprosodia [description not available] | 0 | 6.62 | 38 | 0 |
| Precordial Catch [description not available] | 0 | 6.94 | 9 | 1 |
| Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. | 0 | 6.94 | 9 | 1 |
| Bradykinesia [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS. | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 0 |
| CBS Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Psychoses [description not available] | 0 | 8.25 | 49 | 1 |
| Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979) | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 8.25 | 49 | 1 |
| Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 14 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available] | 0 | 5.89 | 25 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL. | 0 | 5.89 | 25 | 0 |
| Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA. | 0 | 6.81 | 25 | 1 |
| Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 7.55 | 30 | 2 |
| Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism. | 0 | 8.21 | 64 | 1 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 7.55 | 30 | 2 |
| Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Angle Closure [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Angle-Closure A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Medial Neuropathy, Distal [description not available] | 0 | 5.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.87 | 38 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 8.49 | 21 | 2 |
| Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600) | 0 | 8.49 | 21 | 2 |
| Nasal Catarrh [description not available] | 0 | 10.21 | 31 | 1 |
| Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. | 0 | 10.21 | 31 | 1 |
| Crow-Fukase Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
| POEMS Syndrome A multisystemic disorder characterized by a sensorimotor polyneuropathy (POLYNEUROPATHIES), organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and pigmentary skin changes. Other clinical features which may be present include EDEMA; CACHEXIA; microangiopathic glomerulopathy; pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY); cutaneous necrosis; THROMBOCYTOSIS; and POLYCYTHEMIA. This disorder is frequently associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1335; Rev Med Interne 1997;18(7):553-62) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337) | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
| Bruxism, Nocturnal [description not available] | 0 | 3.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 7.63 | 25 | 1 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 7.63 | 25 | 1 |
| Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.46 | 17 | 1 |
| Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.91 | 25 | 0 |
| Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. | 0 | 6.46 | 17 | 1 |
| Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 8.83 | 47 | 1 |
| Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1) | 0 | 8.83 | 47 | 1 |
| Bernhardt-Roth Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypovolemic [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 3 | 2 |
| Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK). | 0 | 4.67 | 3 | 2 |
| Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Atresia, Biliary [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Atresia Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 8.84 | 44 | 2 |
| Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 8.84 | 44 | 2 |
| Anoxia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 5.59 | 29 | 0 |
| Nevus Flammeus [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Mole, Skin [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Port-Wine Stain A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483) | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 10.75 | 51 | 0 |
| Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 10.75 | 51 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 8.67 | 34 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 8.67 | 34 | 0 |
| Hallux Abductovalgus [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hallux Valgus Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or BUNION formation over the bony prominence. | 0 | 3.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Marasmus [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 4.37 | 21 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 6.71 | 22 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 6.71 | 22 | 0 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Anorectal Anomalies [description not available] | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Anal Atresia [description not available] | 0 | 4.96 | 15 | 0 |
| Alcohol Problem [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 6.62 | 24 | 0 |
| Hepatorenal Syndrome Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Urogenital Prolapse [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Pelvic Organ Prolapse Abnormal descent of a pelvic organ resulting in the protrusion of the organ beyond its normal anatomical confines. Symptoms often include vaginal discomfort, DYSPAREUNIA; URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE; and FECAL INCONTINENCE. | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context. | 0 | 6.49 | 9 | 2 |
| Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. | 0 | 6.49 | 9 | 2 |
| Autonomic Failure, Pure [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| A-V Dissociation [description not available] | 0 | 6.14 | 52 | 0 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 9.05 | 33 | 2 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 9.05 | 33 | 2 |
| Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Abnormal Movements [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 8 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.78 | 28 | 0 |
| Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 6.78 | 28 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
| Cushing's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 20 | 0 |
| Dysautonomia, Familial An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4) | 0 | 4.31 | 20 | 0 |
| Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5) | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer, Male [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Amphetamine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteochondrosis of Spine [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Knee [description not available] | 0 | 6.99 | 16 | 2 |
| Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint. | 0 | 6.99 | 16 | 2 |
| Presbyopia The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Ejaculatio Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 9.35 | 28 | 5 |
| Premature Ejaculation The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Rectovaginal Fistula An abnormal anatomical passage between the RECTUM and the VAGINA. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Ambulation Difficulty [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vesico-Vaginal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Hemangioblastomas [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.18 | 19 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemangioblastoma A benign tumor of the nervous system that may occur sporadically or in association with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE. It accounts for approximately 2% of intracranial tumors, arising most frequently in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Histologically, the tumors are composed of multiple capillary and sinusoidal channels lined with endothelial cells and clusters of lipid-laden pseudoxanthoma cells. Usually solitary, these tumors can be multiple and may also occur in the brain stem, spinal cord, retina, and supratentorial compartment. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas usually present in the third decade with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, and ataxia. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2071-2) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. | 0 | 11.49 | 81 | 2 |
| Causalgia Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
| Causalgia A complex regional pain syndrome characterized by burning pain and marked sensitivity to touch (HYPERESTHESIA) in the distribution of an injured peripheral nerve. Autonomic dysfunction in the form of sudomotor (i.e., sympathetic innervation to sweat glands), vasomotor, and trophic skin changes may also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1359) | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
| Aberrant Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibromatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoma A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Microglossia [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 19.78 | 890 | 6 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 19.78 | 890 | 6 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.25 | 12 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 8.25 | 12 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve V Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.39 | 9 | 1 |
| Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation. | 0 | 9.33 | 22 | 5 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 9.78 | 10 | 9 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 9.78 | 10 | 9 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 8.78 | 37 | 2 |
| Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age. | 0 | 6.36 | 15 | 1 |
| Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases, Hereditary Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Essential [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500 | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 5.51 | 27 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 5.51 | 27 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| MODS [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 0 |
| Chest Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 1 |
| Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative. | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 0 |
| Fungal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Malnourishment [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988) | 0 | 8.25 | 38 | 1 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 7.46 | 70 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 7.46 | 70 | 0 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 5.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Placental Insufficiency Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 8.9 | 130 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve III Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Asialia [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow. | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Perforated Appendicitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated. | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Inadequate Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 5.73 | 20 | 1 |
| Dysautonomia [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77) | 0 | 13.43 | 53 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Bed Sores [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure. | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Acne Rosacea [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS. | 0 | 4.1 | 3 | 1 |
| Regurgitation, Gastric GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX wherein the retrograde flow passes through the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Back flow of gastric contents to the LARYNGOPHARYNX where it comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extraesophageal manifestation of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles. | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Joint Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Plica Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Arthralgia Pain in the joint. | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| 5p Deletion Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| 6th Nerve Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available] | 0 | 3.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 6.31 | 14 | 1 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 6.31 | 14 | 1 |
| Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available] | 0 | 5.97 | 14 | 0 |
| Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) | 0 | 5.97 | 14 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431) | 0 | 3.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Light Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Pain Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Anoxia, Fetal [description not available] | 0 | 5.89 | 17 | 0 |
| Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD. | 0 | 5.89 | 17 | 0 |
| Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Congenital Myasthenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 4.04 | 15 | 0 |
| Respiratory Aspiration of Gastric Contents Inhaling refluxed gastric or duodenal contents. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuromuscular Blockade The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here. | 0 | 5.36 | 7 | 2 |
| Anochlesia [description not available] | 0 | 6.37 | 40 | 0 |
| Acoustic Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 9.49 | 62 | 2 |
| Amyloid Deposits [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Bites [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| BCECTS [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Calcification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid. | 0 | 5.46 | 11 | 0 |
| Acoustic Perceptual Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Microspora [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Happy Puppet Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Angelman Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Injury, Ventilator-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.51 | 1 | 1 |
| Disc, Herniated [description not available] | 0 | 12.43 | 52 | 6 |
| Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region. | 0 | 12.43 | 52 | 6 |
| Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 18 | 0 |
| Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. | 0 | 5.6 | 18 | 0 |
| Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 6.97 | 29 | 1 |
| Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 13.58 | 36 | 19 |
| Laryngismus A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration. | 0 | 13.58 | 36 | 19 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Analgesia, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 6.62 | 11 | 2 |
| Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4) | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Pederasty [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Cervical Spondylosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Spondylosis A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Sweat Gland Diseases Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS. | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing. | 0 | 3.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Anal Fissure [description not available] | 0 | 4.61 | 6 | 0 |
| Fissure in Ano A painful linear tear at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal. | 0 | 4.61 | 6 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.24 | 13 | 1 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 6.24 | 13 | 1 |
| Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 6.72 | 58 | 0 |
| Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 5.96 | 5 | 2 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 5.96 | 5 | 2 |
| Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Death [description not available] | 0 | 6.29 | 27 | 0 |
| Astrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| C-C Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING. | 0 | 5.59 | 6 | 1 |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 4f [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| Minimally Conscious State [description not available] | 0 | 5.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Myotubular Myopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Ear Effusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Myringosclerosis The formation of dense connective tissue in the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE that does not necessarily cause or lead to loss of hearing. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1 [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost. | 0 | 4.3 | 7 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 6.04 | 17 | 0 |
| Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available] | 0 | 7.64 | 17 | 0 |
| Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.38 | 2 | 2 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 0 | 4.38 | 2 | 2 |
| Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
| Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7) | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
| Inferior Dislocation [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 7 | 0 |
| Claustrophobia [description not available] | 0 | 7.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Phobic Disorders Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable. | 0 | 7.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysarthria, Pseudobulbar [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions. | 0 | 13.05 | 206 | 0 |
| Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukomalacia, Periventricular Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Adiadochokinesis [description not available] | 0 | 6.16 | 23 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90) | 0 | 6.16 | 23 | 0 |
| Hyperkinetic Dysphonia [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysphonia Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available] | 0 | 5.99 | 10 | 1 |
| Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset. | 0 | 5.99 | 10 | 1 |
| Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE. | 0 | 5.37 | 5 | 1 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 8.92 | 42 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 8.92 | 42 | 0 |
| Appetite Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 16 | 0 |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. | 0 | 4.99 | 16 | 0 |
| Addison's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
| Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
| Axonotmesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Trauma, Nervous System Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dyskinesia [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Beuren Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, High-Frequency Hearing loss in frequencies above 1000 hertz. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Vaginismus Recurrent or persistent involuntary SPASM of the outer muscles of the VAGINA, occurring during vaginal penetration. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscular, Spinobulbar [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked An X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is due to a mutation of the gene encoding the ANDROGEN RECEPTOR. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Orthopedic Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.92 | 5 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. | 0 | 4.92 | 5 | 0 |
| Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.26 | 20 | 0 |
| Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 6.26 | 20 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available] | 0 | 8.34 | 13 | 2 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc. | 0 | 8.34 | 13 | 2 |
| Breathing Sounds [description not available] | 0 | 7.8 | 10 | 0 |
| Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT. | 0 | 7.8 | 10 | 0 |
| Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders. | 0 | 5.02 | 3 | 1 |
| Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastric Dilatation Abnormal distention of the STOMACH due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION; ILEUS; GASTROPARESIS; or denervation. | 0 | 4.21 | 18 | 0 |
| Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199) | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Dorsolateral Medullary Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.88 | 9 | 1 |
| Encephalopathy, Subacute Spongiform, Gerstmann-Straussler Type [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. | 0 | 8.35 | 18 | 2 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 7.71 | 35 | 2 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 7.71 | 35 | 2 |
| Coarctation of Aorta [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion. | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Hypermyotonia [description not available] | 0 | 6.43 | 9 | 2 |
| Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 4.2 | 18 | 0 |
| Eardrum Perforation [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE. | 0 | 4.2 | 18 | 0 |
| Tympanic Membrane Perforation A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Lingual Nerve Contusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve Injuries Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Mercury [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Facial Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypomenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME). | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Skull Base [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress. | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 8.43 | 14 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 8.43 | 14 | 0 |
| Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Analgesic Overuse Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Acquired Nasal Deformities [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27)) | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available] | 0 | 5.09 | 10 | 1 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. | 0 | 5.09 | 10 | 1 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 5.2 | 11 | 1 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 5.2 | 11 | 1 |
| Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Anton Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 5.39 | 24 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 5.39 | 24 | 0 |
| Hysteria Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. This diagnosis is not used in contemporary practice. | 0 | 5.3 | 22 | 0 |
| Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Aural Cholesteatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Mastoiditis Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Sinus Arrest [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available] | 0 | 9.21 | 24 | 2 |
| Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA. | 0 | 9.21 | 24 | 2 |
| Genu Valga [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available] | 0 | 5.87 | 9 | 1 |
| Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) | 0 | 5.87 | 9 | 1 |
| Deficiency, Protein [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available] | 0 | 7.3 | 59 | 0 |
| Back Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back. | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
| Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available] | 0 | 5.12 | 11 | 0 |
| Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS. | 0 | 5.12 | 11 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 12 | 0 |
| Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 6.7 | 22 | 3 |
| Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Impairment, Light Touch Sensation [description not available] | 0 | 5.18 | 11 | 1 |
| Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Pyrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Heartburn Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Nasal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 8 | 1 |
| Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 9.19 | 101 | 0 |
| Brown-Sequard Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 5.86 | 24 | 1 |
| Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation. | 0 | 5.86 | 24 | 1 |
| Epiphora [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 7.22 | 38 | 1 |
| Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. | 0 | 7.22 | 38 | 1 |
| Menstruation, Painful [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 8.14 | 98 | 0 |
| Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment. | 0 | 8.14 | 98 | 0 |
| Mydriasis Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME. | 0 | 3.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Catatonic Rigidity [description not available] | 0 | 8.11 | 53 | 0 |
| Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73) | 0 | 8.11 | 53 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Meningitides [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Adam-Stokes Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 0 |
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 0 |
| Ataxias, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 6.13 | 12 | 3 |
| Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 0 |
| Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available] | 0 | 6.12 | 22 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial [description not available] | 0 | 6.58 | 36 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.98 | 5 | 0 |
| Epidermal Cyst Intradermal or subcutaneous saclike structure, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Mouth, Edentulous Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction. | 0 | 5.22 | 12 | 0 |
| Labor Pain Pain associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR in CHILDBIRTH. It is caused primarily by UTERINE CONTRACTION as well as pressure on the CERVIX; BLADDER; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Labor pain mostly occurs in the ABDOMEN; the GROIN; and the BACK. | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Zellweger Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; visual compromise; SEIZURES; progressive degeneration of the KIDNEYS and the LIVER. Zellweger-like syndrome refers to phenotypes resembling the neonatal Zellweger syndrome but seen in children or adults with apparently intact peroxisome biogenesis. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Morphine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 5.06 | 17 | 0 |
| Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine. | 0 | 5.06 | 17 | 0 |
| Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 7.14 | 35 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 7.14 | 35 | 0 |
| Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Teeth, Impacted [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Focal Infection An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 5.16 | 8 | 0 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
| Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Embolus [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Achalasia [description not available] | 0 | 4.74 | 7 | 1 |
| Esophageal Achalasia A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus). | 0 | 4.74 | 7 | 1 |
| Esophageal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Constricted Pupil [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Miosis Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
| Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR). | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
| Angle's Classification [description not available] | 0 | 5.79 | 22 | 0 |
| Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982) | 0 | 5.79 | 22 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute. | 0 | 5.68 | 14 | 0 |
| Prinzmetal Angina [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
| Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. | 0 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity. | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
| Serotonin Syndrome An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Nasal Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose. | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Infections, Respirovirus [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA). | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
| Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available] | 0 | 5.37 | 9 | 0 |
| Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions. | 0 | 5.37 | 9 | 0 |
| Angiofibroma A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 5.32 | 7 | 2 |
| Cranial Nerve V Injury [description not available] | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 1 |
| Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 5.53 | 17 | 0 |
| Acute Idiopathic Facial Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Bell Palsy A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376) | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6) | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.82 | 13 | 0 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 5.07 | 10 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve Diseases Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. | 0 | 7.85 | 12 | 1 |
| Cervicogenic Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced. | 0 | 4.49 | 9 | 0 |
| Bilateral Deafness [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 21 | 1 |
| Brittle Bone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Deafness Unilateral [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 5.76 | 21 | 1 |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 5.2 | 7 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 5.2 | 7 | 0 |
| Amaurosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.22 | 20 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 8.79 | 45 | 1 |
| Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 5.22 | 20 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 8.79 | 45 | 1 |
| Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Hiccough [description not available] | 0 | 6.22 | 13 | 1 |
| Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
| Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria. | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Childhood Tic Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Biotinidase Deficiency The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Epicondylitis, Lateral Humeral [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Tennis Elbow A condition characterized by pain in or near the lateral humeral epicondyle or in the forearm extensor muscle mass as a result of unusual strain. It occurs due repetitive stresses on the elbow from activities such as tennis playing. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acoustic Neurinoma, Bilateral [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 2 An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Amaurosis, Leber Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Leber Congenital Amaurosis A rare degenerative inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life that results in a loss of vision. Not to be confused with LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY, the disease is thought to be caused by abnormal development of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS in the RETINA, or by the extremely premature degeneration of retinal cells. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 1 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 1 |
| Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Fisher Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Campylobacter Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyria Variegata [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyria, Variegate An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) in the LIVER, the seventh enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include both neurological symptoms and cutaneous lesions. Patients excrete increased levels of porphyrin precursors, COPROPORPHYRINS and protoporphyrinogen. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Anankastic Personality [description not available] | 0 | 4.73 | 7 | 0 |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. | 0 | 4.73 | 7 | 0 |
| Mononeuritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Mononeuropathies Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body. | 0 | 5.51 | 27 | 0 |
| Microphthalmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Break-Bone Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Dystocia Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Hip Dislocation Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others. | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Myofascial Trigger Point Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.11 | 3 | 1 |
| Myofascial Pain Syndromes Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on TRIGGER POINTS, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME. | 0 | 4.11 | 3 | 1 |
| Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 7.62 | 57 | 0 |
| Excessive Periodic Sleep-Related Leg Movements [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemisensory Neglect [description not available] | 0 | 6.34 | 15 | 1 |
| Perceptual Disorders Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body. | 0 | 6.34 | 15 | 1 |
| Abnormality, Torsion [description not available] | 0 | 5.97 | 10 | 1 |
| Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available] | 0 | 5.86 | 9 | 1 |
| Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis). | 0 | 7.57 | 21 | 3 |
| Water Intoxication A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44) | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Inner Ear Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.29 | 63 | 2 |
| Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS). | 0 | 8.29 | 63 | 2 |
| Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Altidudinal Hemianopia [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 8 | 0 |
| Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Costen's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.21 | 18 | 0 |
| Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 5.02 | 5 | 2 |
| Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) | 0 | 5.02 | 5 | 2 |
| Shoulder Injuries Injuries involving the SHOULDERS and SHOULDER JOINT. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE. | 0 | 4.63 | 3 | 2 |
| Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE. | 0 | 4.63 | 3 | 2 |
| Cacosmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available] | 0 | 5.55 | 6 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 5.55 | 6 | 1 |
| Frigidity [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Alternating Exotropia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Dejerine-Thomas Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.95 | 5 | 2 |
| Fractures, Compound [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Lacerations Torn, ragged, mangled wounds. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Adipocere [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category. | 0 | 8.12 | 12 | 4 |
| Heat Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Progeria An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Community Acquired Infection [description not available] | 0 | 6.82 | 4 | 0 |
| Arthropathies [description not available] | 0 | 7.68 | 15 | 2 |
| Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS. | 0 | 7.68 | 15 | 2 |
| Fasciculation Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations may be visualized as a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294) | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 2 | 1 |
| Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders. | 0 | 4.72 | 2 | 1 |
| Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 5.65 | 32 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 5.65 | 32 | 0 |
| Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 3.88 | 13 | 0 |
| Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. | 0 | 3.88 | 13 | 0 |
| Diseases of Immune System [description not available] | 0 | 2.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. | 0 | 2.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Exanthem [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hives [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Erythrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Atelectasis [description not available] | 0 | 5.49 | 27 | 0 |
| Placenta Praevia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Placenta Previa Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 8.29 | 20 | 1 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 8.29 | 20 | 1 |
| Periarthritis Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperesthesia Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli. | 0 | 5.34 | 14 | 1 |
| Demyelinative Myelitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 9.26 | 62 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 9.26 | 62 | 0 |
| Pallor A clinical manifestation consisting of an unnatural paleness of the skin. | 0 | 5.14 | 6 | 2 |
| Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility. | 0 | 3.72 | 11 | 0 |
| Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Acalculia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Pneumoperitoneum A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 12 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 3.8 | 12 | 0 |
| Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. | 0 | 3.63 | 10 | 0 |
| Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. | 0 | 4.07 | 16 | 0 |
| Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.95 | 10 | 1 |
| Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Cardiac Neurosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 14 | 0 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 3.96 | 14 | 0 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 8 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 4.36 | 8 | 0 |
| Carditis [description not available] | 0 | 4.55 | 10 | 0 |
| Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies. | 0 | 4.55 | 10 | 0 |
| Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer, Second Primary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterocele An intestinal HERNIA. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid Marked developmental anomalies of a fetus or infant. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Absence of Brain, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994) | 0 | 5.27 | 13 | 1 |
| Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 4.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 4.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Polio [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
| Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5) | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 7.34 | 19 | 1 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 13.68 | 130 | 2 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 13.68 | 130 | 2 |
| Dumping Syndrome Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from an absent or nonfunctioning pylorus. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Chills The sudden sensation of being cold. It may be accompanied by SHIVERING. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 4.93 | 9 | 1 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 4.93 | 9 | 1 |
| Agnosia Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 6.85 | 26 | 1 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 30 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 4.67 | 30 | 0 |
| Alogia [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 16 | 0 |
| Aphasia, Fluent [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia. | 0 | 4.99 | 16 | 0 |
| Sicca Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.78 | 8 | 1 |
| Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis. | 0 | 5.78 | 8 | 1 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. | 0 | 4.36 | 8 | 0 |
| Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Ureterolithiasis Formation of stones in the URETER. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Polydipsia Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Infectious Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Frostbite Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Chorea Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Enteric Fever [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest). | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI. | 0 | 5.35 | 10 | 0 |
| Botulism, Infantile [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Botulism A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208) | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Grippe [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
| Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia. | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
| Locomotor Ataxia [description not available] | 0 | 4.46 | 9 | 0 |
| Shock, Surgical A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma. | 0 | 5.27 | 13 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Exsanguinating Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Renal Colic [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 6.27 | 5 | 1 |
| Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 6.27 | 5 | 1 |
| Renal Colic A severe intermittent and spasmodic pain in the lower back radiating to the groin, scrotum, and labia which is most commonly caused by a kidney stone (RENAL CALCULUS) passing through the URETER or by other urinary track blockage. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, restlessness, dull pain, frequent urination, and HEMATURIA. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Clubbed Fingers [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Emboli [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.47 | 16 | 1 |
| Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9) | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
| Leukemoid Reaction A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. | 0 | 4.23 | 7 | 0 |
| Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips. | 0 | 4.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Belching [description not available] | 0 | 5.26 | 9 | 0 |
| Habit Chorea [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Tics Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cor Pulmonale [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bulbar Polio [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Lead [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Complete Breech [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Breech Presentation A malpresentation of the FETUS at near term or during OBSTETRIC LABOR with the fetal cephalic pole in the fundus of the UTERUS. There are three types of breech: the complete breech with flexed hips and knees; the incomplete breech with one or both hips partially or fully extended; the frank breech with flexed hips and extended knees. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171) | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
| Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Infections, Pasteurella [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status. | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
| Bodily Distress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Autotomy Human [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
| Vasomotor Rhinitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Vasomotor A form of non-allergic rhinitis that is characterized by nasal congestion and posterior pharyngeal drainage. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Spasmophilia [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
| Inguinal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults. | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Hangman Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS). | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Insomnia [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 8 | 1 |
| Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. | 0 | 5.76 | 8 | 1 |
| Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 20 | 0 |
| Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Tick Paralysis Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Progressive Tapetochoroidal Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroideremia An X chromosome-linked abnormality characterized by atrophy of the choroid and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium causing night blindness. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Arm Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the UPPER ARM and the FOREARM. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Great Pox [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available] | 0 | 8.19 | 64 | 1 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 4.73 | 12 | 0 |
| Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 4.73 | 12 | 0 |
| Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Vascular Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Arterial Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
| Athetoid Movements [description not available] | 0 | 6.95 | 29 | 1 |
| Birth Injuries Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery. | 0 | 3.81 | 12 | 0 |
| Paraphilias [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Decapitation Traumatic or experimentally induced separation of the head from the body in an animal or human. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Amaurotic Familial Idiocy An outdated term for Tay-Sachs disease. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Tay-Sachs Disease An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the onset in infancy of an exaggerated startle response, followed by paralysis, dementia, and blindness. It is caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of the HEXOSAMINIDASE A resulting in lipid-laden ganglion cells. It is also known as the B variant (with increased HEXOSAMINIDASE B but absence of hexosaminidase A) and is strongly associated with Ashkenazic Jewish ancestry. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Bedwetting [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Nocturnal Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Endarteritis Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Aujeszky Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases of Pharynx [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Esophago-Pharyngeal Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Cholecystitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Clubfeet [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment. | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Shingles [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyelitis Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Brucella Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatophytoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Toxemia A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Skull [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
| Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Meniscitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Koehler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body. | 0 | 5.68 | 14 | 0 |
| Varices [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.25 | 4 | 1 |
| Bulbar Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Syphilis [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 7 | 0 |
| Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY. | 0 | 5.19 | 7 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Labor, Premature [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Coronary Occlusion Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 4.81 | 13 | 0 |
| Cardiac Conduction Defect [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebromeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Dysarthosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
| Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
| Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Complications, Labor [description not available] | 0 | 4.57 | 10 | 0 |
| Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Fistula An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Otospongiosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 25 | 0 |
| Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs. | 0 | 5.43 | 25 | 0 |
| ARC [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Capdepont Teeth [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Akinetic Autism [description not available] | 0 | 4.57 | 10 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Paralysis, Obstetric Paralysis of an infant resulting from injury received at birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 6.19 | 9 | 0 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 6.19 | 9 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Mucositis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Funnel Chest A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Boils [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. | 0 | 4.71 | 4 | 0 |
| Chorioretinitis Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Stammering [description not available] | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
| Stuttering A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
| Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Antisocial Behavior Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Concussive Convulsion [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Choked Disk [description not available] | 0 | 4.56 | 10 | 0 |
| Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175) | 0 | 4.56 | 10 | 0 |
| Gangliocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Pott Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Mercury [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Cranial Epidural Hematoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 5 | 0 |
| Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues. | 0 | 5.17 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ewing Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysembryoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sore Throat [description not available] | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 1 |
| Aortitis Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 1 |
| Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebro-Oculo-Renal Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergy, Food [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 4.25 | 4 | 0 |
| Pachymeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 13 | 0 |
| Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) | 0 | 3.89 | 13 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available] | 0 | 4.15 | 17 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) | 0 | 4.15 | 17 | 0 |
| Charcot's Joint [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthropathy, Neurogenic Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydrophobia [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Electric Injuries Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Synkinesis An involuntary movement accompanying a volitional movement. It often refers to facial movements that accompany FACIAL PARALYSIS. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Spina Bifida Aperta [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 0 |
| Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 1 |
| Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Masochism Pleasure derived from being physically or psychologically abused, whether inflicted by oneself or by others. Masochism includes sexual masochism. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sadism A condition in which there is a derivation of pleasure from inflicting pain, discomfort or humiliation on another person or persons. The sexual significance of sadistic wishes or behavior may be conscious or unconscious. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns. | 0 | 4.65 | 11 | 0 |
| Bouillaud Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
| Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Placental Abruption [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Abruptio Placentae Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Acquired Communication Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Communication Disorders Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., MENTAL RETARDATION), psychiatric conditions, and HEARING DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury. | 0 | 7.2 | 21 | 0 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Addison's Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 8 | 1 |
| Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2. | 0 | 5.76 | 8 | 1 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Cephalgia, Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Childhood Torsion Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
| Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause. | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS. | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Abdominal Cramps [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Aldosteronism [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA. | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Partial, Sensory A disorder characterized by recurrent focal onset seizures which have sensory (i.e., olfactory, visual, tactile, gustatory, or auditory) manifestations. Partial seizures that feature alterations of consciousness are referred to as complex partial seizures (EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence of Cerebral Hemispheres, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Dissociation [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Bewilderment [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pink Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Hansen Disease [description not available] | 0 | 7.16 | 10 | 4 |
| Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. | 0 | 7.16 | 10 | 4 |
| Hand Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Air Embolism [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Eczema, Dyshidrotic A recurrent eczematous reaction characterized by the development of vesicular eruptions on the palms and soles, particularly along the sides and between the digits. It is accompanied by pruritus, a burning sensation, and hyperhidrosis. The disease is self-limiting, lasting only a few weeks. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cheilitis Granulomatosa [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Parotid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyotrophic Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Brachial Plexus Neuritis A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pain in the shoulder region which may be accompanied by MUSCLE WEAKNESS and loss of sensation in the upper extremity. This condition may be associated with VIRUS DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; SURGERY; heroin use (see HEROIN DEPENDENCE); and other conditions. The term brachial neuralgia generally refers to pain associated with brachial plexus injury. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1355-6) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Buerger Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION. | 0 | 4.82 | 4 | 2 |
| Nutritional Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 15 | 0 |
| Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. | 0 | 5.42 | 15 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| African Sleeping Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Afferent Pupillary Defect [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Apraxia [description not available] | 0 | 5.21 | 12 | 0 |
| Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7) | 0 | 5.21 | 12 | 0 |
| Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Female Genital Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Bow Leg [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. | 0 | 5.06 | 10 | 0 |
| Auditory Cortex Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy. | 0 | 4.25 | 4 | 1 |
| Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleeding Between Periods [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Oligomenorrhea Abnormally infrequent menstruation. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia of Thymus Gland [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Proctocele [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA. | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Skin Syphilis [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Xeroderma [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Epulides [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Parodontosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
| Aggressive Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
| Mediastinitis Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Pain, Referred [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Lordosis The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL). | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia of Gait [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Bruxism A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth. | 0 | 6.21 | 13 | 1 |
| Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Encephalocele [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair. | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Basedow Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy). | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Multiple [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Sterility, Male [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 4.49 | 9 | 0 |
| Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. | 0 | 4.49 | 9 | 0 |
| Farsightedness [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 8 | 0 |
| Hyperopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.37 | 8 | 0 |
| Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE). | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Paratyphoid Fever A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Anisocoria Unequal pupil size, which may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease. Pathologic anisocoria reflects an abnormality in the musculature of the iris (IRIS DISEASES) or in the parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways that innervate the pupil. Physiologic anisocoria refers to an asymmetry of pupil diameter, usually less than 2mm, that is not associated with disease. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Odontalgia [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Abdominal Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Drusen, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Disorder, Borderline Personality [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Borderline Personality Disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis, Moebius [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Embryopathies [description not available] | 0 | 4.95 | 9 | 0 |
| Esophageal Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Postherpetic Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuralgia, Postherpetic Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Ventral Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hernia, Ventral A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Injury, Chronic Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 5.54 | 4 | 0 |
| Flatus [description not available] | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus. | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Hip Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the hip. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| SUNCT Syndrome A primary headache disorder that is characterized by frequent short-lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform pain attacks in the ocular area, with CONJUNCTIVA fluid-filling and tearing. SUNCT syndrome is usually resistant to treatment. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Leprosy, Cutaneous [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocaine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Presbycusis Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies. | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Adult GM1 Gangliosidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Gangliosidosis, GM1 An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the absence or deficiency of BETA-GALACTOSIDASE. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of G(M1) GANGLIOSIDE and oligosaccharides, primarily in neurons of the central nervous system. The infantile form is characterized by MUSCLE HYPOTONIA, poor psychomotor development, HIRSUTISM, hepatosplenomegaly, and facial abnormalities. The juvenile form features HYPERACUSIS; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. The adult form features progressive DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; and MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp96-7) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 4.38 | 8 | 0 |
| Glenohumeral Dislocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Autonomic Failure, Progressive [description not available] | 0 | 6.25 | 8 | 1 |
| Cancer of Testis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Embryonal A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Seminoma A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Earache Pain in the ear. | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol-Induced Disorders Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Morbid Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Sinus Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Closed Head Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuromuscular Junction Diseases Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.6 | 10 | 0 |
| Bucket Handle Tears [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 8.23 | 28 | 0 |
| Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6) | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Fong Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Marchiafava-Bignami Disease A neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by demyelination or necrosis of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. Symptoms include DEPRESSION; PARANOIA; DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and ATAXIA which can progress to COMA and death in a few months. Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome is seen often in alcoholics but has been found in non-alcoholics as well. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Respiratory System [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Exostoses Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Chondrosteoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Albinism, Cutaneous [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovirus Infections Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries, Tendon [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens. | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Paranoia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Agraphia [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 13 | 0 |
| Psychoses, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Duhring Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Herpetiformis Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 6.96 | 16 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Febrile [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784) | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Injuries, Neck [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
| Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it). | 0 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral [description not available] | 0 | 6.15 | 12 | 1 |
| Deafness, Sudden Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available] | 0 | 4.61 | 6 | 1 |
| Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 6 | 0 |
| Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain. | 0 | 5.83 | 5 | 1 |
| Cardiac Free Wall Rupture [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Chagas [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Chagas Cardiomyopathy A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Nail Fungus [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Atony [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Inertia Failure of the UTERUS to contract with normal strength, duration, and intervals during childbirth (LABOR, OBSTETRIC). It is also called uterine atony. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Lipoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Infective Endocarditis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Murmurs [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Microsomia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Harelip [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Agrammatic Broca Aphasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bends [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Foot Deformities, Acquired Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Gardner Syndrome A variant of ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI caused by mutation in the APC gene (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. It is characterized by not only the presence of multiple colonic polyposis but also extracolonic ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; the EYE; the SKIN; the SKULL; and the FACIAL BONES; as well as malignancy in organs other than the GI tract. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Scrotal Hydrocele [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Epididymitis Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Postintubation Croup [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Croup Inflammation involving the GLOTTIS or VOCAL CORDS and the subglottic larynx. Croup is characterized by a barking cough, HOARSENESS, and persistent inspiratory STRIDOR (a high-pitched breathing sound). It occurs chiefly in infants and children. | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 7 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 4.75 | 7 | 0 |
| Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaw, Edentulous, Partially Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholesteatoma A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Mouth Breathing Abnormal breathing through the mouth, usually associated with obstructive disorders of the nasal passages. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Central Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Megacolon Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON. | 0 | 6.22 | 25 | 0 |
| Dermal Sinus [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Injuries, Leg [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 15 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 6 | 15 | 0 |
| ENT Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophageal Varices [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Hyphema Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| ACD-MPV [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Abortion, Threatened UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Acrorenoocular Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Xerophthalmia Dryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions. It may be associated with vitamin A deficiency, trauma, or any condition in which the eyelids do not close completely. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Acquired Meningocele [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
| Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 5.66 | 7 | 1 |
| Prostatic Diseases Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Entrapment Syndrome, Ulnar Nerve [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| AIDS Seroconversion [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Abstinence Syndrome, Neonatal [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Bleb [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Prolapse Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathies Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Orchitis Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bruise [description not available] | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
| Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin. | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
| Phantom Limb Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239) | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Deficiency, IgG [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Luft Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Myopathies A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Axon Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available] | 0 | 4.59 | 10 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42) | 0 | 4.59 | 10 | 0 |
| Labyrinthitis Inflammation of the inner ear (LABYRINTH). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Distress A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Angina at Rest [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| High T4 Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Euthyroid Sick Syndromes Conditions of abnormal THYROID HORMONES release in patients with apparently normal THYROID GLAND during severe systemic illness, physical TRAUMA, and psychiatric disturbances. It can be caused by the loss of endogenous hypothalamic input or by exogenous drug effects. The most common abnormality results in low T3 THYROID HORMONE with progressive decrease in THYROXINE; (T4) and TSH. Elevated T4 with normal T3 may be seen in diseases in which THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN synthesis and release are increased. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Male Genitourinary Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Female Genitourinary Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Aperture Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a CERVICAL RIB, anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Occlusion, Traumatic An occlusion resulting in overstrain and injury to teeth, periodontal tissue, or other oral structures. | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| HTLV-I Infections Diseases caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Bile Reflux Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Encopresis Incontinence of feces not due to organic defect or illness. | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 1 |
| Coloboma Congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of the fetal intraocular fissure during gestation. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteriogram [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Impotence, Arteriogenic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Mandibular Fractures Fractures of the lower jaw. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Caprine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Tracheal Diseases Diseases involving the TRACHEA. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Ocular Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Infections Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Exfoliation Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12). | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Exfoliation Syndrome The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy. | 0 | 5.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Stasis Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Duodenal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Synostosis A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material, such as ossified connecting cartilage or fibrous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Prolapse The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250) | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Bronchiolitis Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiac Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Linear Skull Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 11 | 0 |
| Snoring Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA). | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Angioma, Cavernous A tumor-like mass with large vascular space that is filled with blood or lymph. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pharynx [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Stunted Growth [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Prognathism A condition marked by abnormal protrusion of the mandible. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Corneal Dystrophies [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Embolism, Fat Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion. | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Celiac Sprue [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Dyssynergia [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Craniomandibular Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Endolymphatic Hydrops An accumulation of ENDOLYMPH in the inner ear (LABYRINTH) leading to buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures, such as COCHLEA and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS. It is characterized by SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; and sometimes VERTIGO. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Gonadal Disorders Pathological processes of the OVARIES or the TESTES. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Furrow Keratitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Arch Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Clerambault Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 0 |
| Tracheitis INFLAMMATION of the TRACHEA that is usually associated with RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Glomangioma [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR). | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever, American Diseases caused by American hemorrhagic fever viruses (ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroma A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Dextrocardia A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Situs Inversus A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Flutter [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrial Flutter Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Barotrauma Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomach. | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Depth Intoxication [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic. | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Lethargica Type Parkinsonism [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic Parkinsonism following encephalitis, historically seen as a sequella of encephalitis lethargica (Von Economo Encephalitis). The early age of onset, the rapid progression of symptoms followed by stabilization, and the presence of a variety of other neurological disorders (e.g., sociopathic behavior; TICS; MUSCLE SPASMS; oculogyric crises; hyperphagia; and bizarre movements) distinguish this condition from primary PARKINSON DISEASE. Pathologic features include neuronal loss and gliosis concentrated in the MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMUS; and HYPOTHALAMUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p754) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Kussmaul Aphasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Osteophytosis, Spinal [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
| Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Aldosteronism with Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Chondroma A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. It may remain within the substance of a cartilage or bone (true chondroma or enchondroma) or may develop on the surface of a cartilage (ecchondroma or ecchondrosis). (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Incipient Schizophrenia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Atresia, Esophageal [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophageal Atresia Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Chylopericardium [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Phlegmon [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Absence of Voice [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Arachnoid Membrane Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Achondroplasia, Severe, With Developmental Delay And Acanthosis Nigricans [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Achondroplasia An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Measles, German [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Foot Deformities [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1) | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Congenital Poikiloderma [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratoconus A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Chylothorax The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveal Diseases Diseases of the uvea. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Amelia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Near Drowning Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water. The subject is resuscitable. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| MELAS [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cochlear Diseases Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Articulation Disorders Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addition of phonemes. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence of Corpus Callosum [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Auriculotemporal Nerve Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 4 | 0 |
| Panic Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dandy-Walker Complex [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaw, Edentulous The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736) | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Atresia, Choanal [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cervical Fusion Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystine Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Injuries, Maxillofacial [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Maxillary Fractures Fractures of the upper jaw. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental High Pressure Neurological Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Rupture, Post-Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nose [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Fracture, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Affective Disorders, Psychotic Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Angle Class II [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Sphingolipid Storage Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Asymmetry Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN. | 0 | 5.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Zygomatic Fractures Fractures of the zygoma. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Brown Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthmatic Crisis [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Status Asthmaticus A sudden intense and continuous aggravation of a state of asthma, marked by dyspnea to the point of exhaustion and collapse and not responding to the usual therapeutic efforts. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Chloasma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS). | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Atrial Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Glossoptosis, Micrognathia, and Cleft Palate [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Angiosarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Compartment Syndrome Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Siamese Twins [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Eccentro-Osteochondrodysplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mucopolysaccharidosis IV Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, joint instability, development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. There are two biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyoplasia Congenita [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Stenoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome HYPOVENTILATION syndrome in very obese persons with excessive ADIPOSE TISSUE around the ABDOMEN and DIAPHRAGM. It is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic HYPOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; and long periods of sleep during day and night (HYPERSOMNOLENCE). It is a condition often related to OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA but can occur separately. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Ear Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney, Polycystic [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Interstitial Nephritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cacchi Ricci Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Colon Diverticula [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Diverticulum, Colon A pouch or sac opening from the COLON. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Acrodynia A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy and POLYNEUROPATHY. Clinical features include pain, swelling and pinkish discoloration of the fingers and toes, weakness in the extremities, extreme irritability, HYPERESTHESIA, and alterations in level of consciousness. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p603) | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy, Prolonged A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Beriberi, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Chlamydia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Rickettsia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydramnios [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Basilar Impression [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Language Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Language Disorders Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Ectopic Hormone Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroretinitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Duodenum [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Ectopic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy, Ectopic A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies ( | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Hand Deformities, Acquired Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Salmonella [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Focal Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyloric Stenosis Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Erythema Nodosum An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Scrofuloderma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative A form of panniculitis characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by the eruption of single or multiple erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities. They normally resolve, but tend to leave depressions in the skin. The condition is most often seen in women, alone or in association with other disorders. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Mandibular Retroposition [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Zoster, Ocular [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Achromatopsia Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Color Vision Defects Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Endothelioma, Lymphatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphangioma A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213) | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 1 |
| Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoascorbemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Spider Veins [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome, VKH (Vogt Koyanagi Harada) [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroiditis Inflammation of the choroid. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome A syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous UVEITIS with IRITIS and secondary GLAUCOMA, premature ALOPECIA, symmetrical VITILIGO, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented hair), HEARING DISORDERS, and meningeal signs (neck stiffness and headache). Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid reveals a pattern consistent with MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p748; Surv Ophthalmol 1995 Jan;39(4):265-292) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypochondriacal Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Rubeola [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Measles A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Childhood Schizophrenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Iritis Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Rupture [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Adult Flatfoot Deformity [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Kuru [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ocular Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |