Roles > intercalator
Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:21:48

intercalator

A role played by a chemical agent which exhibits the capability of occupying space between DNA base pairs due to particular properties in size, shape and charge. Intercalation of chemical compounds in DNA helix can result in replication errors (shift, mutation) or DNA damages.

ChEBI ID: 24853

Members (10)

MemberDefinitionClass
3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride hydrochlorideA hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride and hydrogen chloride.3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride.HCl
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxidebenzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I
acridine mustardICR-170
acriflavine chlorideThe 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride
ethidiumThe fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.ethidium
ethidium bromideThe organic bromide salt of ethidium.ethidium bromide
proflavineAn aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.3,6-diaminoacridine
propidiumpropidium
quinacrine mustardquinacrine mustard dihydrochloride
saintopinA member of the class of tetracenequinones that is tetracene-5,12-dione in which the hydrogens at positions 1, 3, 8, 10, and 11 have been replaced by hydroxy groups. Isolated from Paecilomyces.saintopin

Research

Studies (9,145)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19902,633 (28.79)18.7374
1990's1,833 (20.04)18.2507
2000's2,567 (28.07)29.6817
2010's1,788 (19.55)24.3611
2020's324 (3.54)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials40 (0.41%)5.53%
Reviews124 (1.28%)6.00%
Case Studies25 (0.26%)4.05%
Observational2 (0.02%)0.25%
Other9,534 (98.04%)84.16%

Protein Targets (175)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.665112
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency9.314628
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.194736
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.472813
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.11701022
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.424026
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.146913
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.709424
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.183725
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.862014
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.994613
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.107137
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.001623
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.224713
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.451414
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.402924
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency25.118911
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency31.622811
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency64.775812
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.178925
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency1.351113
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency59.957413
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.960335
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.584911
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.540411
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.467111
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.309611
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.319428
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.548711
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.190713
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.631011
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.466826
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.341227
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.4126214
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.18311020
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.900812
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.3824612
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.150814
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.931735
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.839525
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.466811
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency27.540411
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.319414
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.683826
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.671624
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.729813
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.503535
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.309611
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency18.202823
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.309611
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.309611
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.237212
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.594713
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.717012
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.065412
hemoglobin subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.511922
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency12.589313
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.454914
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency80.011222
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency41.157214
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.540411
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.775514
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.029723
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.355113
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.237212
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.540412
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.702012
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.981111
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.981111
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.540411
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.586413
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency2.511911
luciferasePhoturis pensylvanica (Pennsylania firefly)Potency15.848911
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.344027
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.532534
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.000125
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.467512
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency16.7487210
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.958424
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency75.686311
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency7.131324
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency40.064834
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.588123
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency40.990313
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.190412
Platelet-activating factor receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.881612
polyproteinZika virusPotency4.466811
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.853912
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.807824
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency75.455024
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.301036
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.518633
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1bHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.960335
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.503012
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.565514
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.237212
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000012
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.2177214
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.708426
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.2482410
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.1402610
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.380313
tumor necrosis factorHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.578011
tumor susceptibility gene 101 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000012
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.631011
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.190412
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.190412
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.798426
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.776111
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.696812
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.708917
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency24.149512
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency9.053212
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.318825

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
10 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC5051.200022
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
60 kDa chaperoninEscherichia coli K-12IC50250.000011
60 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC5051.200022
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5017.263013
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.140023
AcetylcholinesteraseMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.660011
Acetylcholinesterase Bos taurus (cattle)IC5017.263013
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5017.263013
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.063323
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)IC508.880011
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
integrase, partialHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5011.706022
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75Homo sapiens (human)IC5011.706022
polyadenylate-binding protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5053.190022
ProthrombinHomo sapiens (human)IC5012.000011
putative polyproteinIC507.425526
rac GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC5087.885012
Replicase polyprotein 1abBetacoronavirus England 1IC5010.000011
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2IC502.115034
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC502.025044
Telomerase reverse transcriptaseHomo sapiens (human)IC502.59001313
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferaseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.830011
tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50128.332011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Chain A, TETR FAMILY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR LFRRMycolicibacterium smegmatisKd0.079011
Chain A, Transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd38.500014
Chain H, ALPHA-THROMBINHomo sapiens (human)Kd530.000011
insulin-degrading enzyme isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5054.724024
Major pollen allergen Bet v 1-ABetula pendula (European white birch)Kd140.000011
Multidrug resistance protein MdtKEscherichia coli K-12Kd9.800011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7Homo sapiens (human)AC504.740013
FATTY-ACID-CoA LIGASE FADD28 (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHETASE) (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHASE)Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC5027.440011
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)AC500.293011
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]Plasmodium falciparum 3D7AbsAC1000_uM1.413512
LANAHuman gammaherpesvirus 8AC504.557736
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factorHomo sapiens (human)AC509.116055
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