sildenafil citrate profile

Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	135413523
CHEMBL ID	1737
CHEBI ID	58987
SCHEMBL ID	33982
MeSH ID	M0327633

Synonym
AC-1310
5-{2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
chebi:58987 ,
caverta
wan ai ke
x-excite
nvd-401
penegra
duromist
uk-92480-10
ghl-901
1-((3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-methylpiperazine citrate
sildenafil citrate [usan]
1-((3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-methylpiperazine citrate (1:1)
revatio
uk-92,480-10
sildenafil citrate
piperazine, 1-((3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-methyl-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:1)
revatio (tn)
viagra (tn)
D02229
sildenafil citrate (jan/usp)
171599-83-0
nsc-758669
sildenafil (as citrate)
CHEMBL1737
nsc744009
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one-citrate
1-{[3-(6,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl}-4-methylpiperazone citrate
nsc-744009
A807582
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-4h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
A811336
5-[2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-4h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
HMS3260C20
cas-171599-83-0
dtxcid2026076
tox21_111717
dtxsid4046076 ,
unii-bw9b0ze037
nsc 744009
bw9b0ze037 ,
nsc 758669
nsc758669
pharmakon1600-01504099
AKOS015951281
BCP0726000239
FT-0601540
sildenafil citrate [jan]
liqrev
1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate (1:1)
sildenafil citrate [vandf]
sildenafil citrate [mart.]
sildenafil citrate [mi]
sildenafil citrate [usp-rs]
sildenafil citrate [orange book]
sildenafil citrate [who-dd]
sildenafil citrate [ep monograph]
sildenafil citrate [usp monograph]
S1431
AKOS015856298
KS-1112
viagra, sildenafil citrate
CCG-213260
CS-1576
HY-15025A
sildenafil (citrate) ,
SCHEMBL33982
NCGC00095099-05
tox21_111717_1
NCGC00260784-01
sildenafil citrate salt
tox21_500099
DEIYFTQMQPDXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
5-(2-ethoxy-5-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6h)-one 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
F0001-2406
1-[[3-(4,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate
uk 92480
5-(2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6h)-one 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
sildenafil citrate salt, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
mfcd09026931
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonylphenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-6h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
citrate, sildenafil
sr-01000787181
SR-01000787181-2
sildenafil citrate, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3654B08
sildenafil citrate, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
sildenafil citrate, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
sildenafil citrate salt, >=98% (hplc)
sildenafil, citrate
J-010743
1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1-h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate
SW199664-3
mfcd02102122
BCP02960
n-[6-[(4-aminophenyl)thio]-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]-carbamic acid methyl ester
Q27126379
5-[2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6h)-one citrate
S0986
SB17346
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonylphenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-4h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
AMY39993
5-(2-ethoxy-5-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(4h)-one 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
5-(2-ethoxy-5-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(4h)-one2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonylphenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-4h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one,2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
A854247
BS164405
sildenafil citrate- bio-x
EN300-19810912
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 5-{2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-propyl-1h,4h,7h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one
5-[2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl]-1,6-dihydro-1-methyl-3-propyl-7h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:1)
sildenafil citrate (mart.)
sildenafil citrate (ep monograph)
sildenafil powder,
sildenafil for oral suspension
sildenafil citrate (usp monograph)
5-(2-ethoxy-5-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7h-pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidin-7-one 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
1-((3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1h-pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-methylpiperazine monocitrate
sildinafil
sildenafil citrate (usp-rs)
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-6h-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one citrate salt
sildenafil citrate, 1mg/ml in methanol

Excerpt	Reference
" The most commonly reported adverse events (all causes) were headache (16% sildenafil, 4% placebo), flushing (10% sildenafil, 1% placebo), and dyspepsia (7% sildenafil, 2% placebo) and they were predominantly transient and mild or moderate in nature."	( Clinical safety of oral sildenafil citrate (VIAGRA) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Collins, M; Gingell, C; Morales, A; Osterloh, IH; Wicker, PA, 1998)
" No patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil (Viagra) in men with erectile dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury. Derry, FA; Dinsmore, WW; Fraser, M; Gardner, BP; Glass, CA; Maytom, MC; Smith, MD, 1998)
" The most common adverse events--headache, flushing, and dyspepsia--were generally mild to moderate in nature and rarely (< 1%) a reason for discontinuation of treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 329 patients. Sildenafil Study Group. Padma-Nathan, H; Steers, WD; Wicker, PA, 1998)
" Adverse effects reported at a rate of >2% were headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, urinary tract infection, abnormal vision, diarrhea, dizziness, and rash."	( Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Goldenberg, MM, )
" For the sildenafil group, the incidences of the most common adverse events (headache 25%, flushing 14%, and dyspepsia 12%) for patients with ischemic heart disease were similar to those in patients without this concomitant illness (21%, 15%, and 10%, respectively)."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease. Conti, CR; Pepine, CJ; Sweeney, M, 1999)
"Sildenafil has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction."	( Safety and efficacy of sildenafil in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. Ikeguchi, EF; Kaplan, SA; Kohn, IJ; Laor, E; Martins, AC; Reis, RB; Te, AE, 1999)
" The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy and adverse effects of this treatment."	( [Effectiveness and adverse effects of sildenafil in erectile dysfunction]. Fábián, E; Fekete, F, 2000)
"To date, sildenafil citrate (Viagra) gives every evidence of being a safe drug for the eye despite a series of expressed concerns."	( Ocular safety of Viagra, (sildenafil citrate). Fraunfelder, FT; Laties, AM, 1999)
" The most common side effect was penile pain in 25 (29."	( Intracavernous alprostadil alfadex (EDEX/VIRIDAL) is effective and safe in patients with erectile dysfunction after failing sildenafil (Viagra). Gittleman, M; Goldstein, I; Kaufman, J; McMurray, J; Padma-Nathan, H; Shabsigh, R, 2000)
" Response was assessed prospectively by baseline and followup physician interviews, and by a patient self-administered 15-item questionnaire on the domains of patient treatment response and satisfaction, partner treatment satisfaction, comparative previous treatment satisfaction, adverse effects, and patient and partner quality of life."	( Efficacy, safety and patient acceptance of sildenafil citrate as treatment for erectile dysfunction. Johnson, H; McMahon, CG; Samali, R, 2000)
" Adverse effects in 53."	( Efficacy, safety and patient acceptance of sildenafil citrate as treatment for erectile dysfunction. Johnson, H; McMahon, CG; Samali, R, 2000)
" Although more than 50% of men reported adverse effects, most were considered mild and rarely resulted in treatment cessation."	( Efficacy, safety and patient acceptance of sildenafil citrate as treatment for erectile dysfunction. Johnson, H; McMahon, CG; Samali, R, 2000)
" Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 22."	( Asian sildenafil efficacy and safety study (ASSESS-1): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study of oral sildenafil in Malaysian, Singaporean, and Filipino men with erectile dysfunction. The Assess-1 Study Group. Albano, GJ; Chye, PL; de la Cruz, R; Gana, T; Mendoza, JB; Moh, CL; Sam, CC; Tan, HM, 2000)
" The main outcome measures were a global efficacy question, a sexual function questionnaire, an event log of erections, and adverse event recording."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of oral Viagra (sildenafil citrate) in men with erectile dysfunction and the effect of randomised treatment withdrawal. Christiansen, E; Cox, D; Guirguis, WR; Osterloh, IH, 2000)
" Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate and occurred in 27% of patients receiving sildenafil, compared with 8% of patients receiving placebo."	( A dose-escalation study to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction. Bailey, MJ; Cuzin, B; Hartmann, U; Maytom, MC; Meuleman, E; Opsomer, RJ; Osterloh, IH; Smith, MD, 2001)
" In two years 38 adverse reactions were seen in 25 Dutch patients."	( [Side effects of sildenafil: findings from two years practical experience]. Heeringa, M; Straus, SM; van Grootheest, AC, 2001)
" As in the clinical trials, most adverse events associated with sildenafil use have been transient, mild or moderate effects that rarely lead to treatment discontinuation."	( Three-year update of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) efficacy and safety. Hackett, G; Miller, T; Moskowitz, M; Sadovsky, R, 2001)
" Besides flushing, no treatment-related cardiovascular adverse events were noted for sildenafil."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with cardiovascular disease. Olsson, AM; Persson, CA, 2001)
"Sildenafil is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of erectile dysfunction."	( Efficacy, safety, and use of sildenafil in urologic practice. Fagelman, A; Fagelman, E; Shabsigh, R, 2001)
"Sildenafil citrate (Viagra), a drug used to treat erectile dysfunctions, causes adverse reactions such as headache, flushing or nasal congestion."	( Are adverse effects of sildenafil also caused by inhibition of diamine oxidase? Focke, M; Götz, M; Hemmer, W; Jarisch, R; Stackl, W; Wantke, F, 2001)
" Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 43."	( ASSESS-3: a randomised, double-blind, flexible-dose clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction in Taiwan. Chen, KK; Hsieh, JT; Huang, ST; Jiaan, DB; Lin, JS; Wang, CJ, 2001)
" Safety and tolerance were evaluated recording any side effect or adverse event."	( Sildenafil: efficacy and safety in daily clinical experience. Bettocchi, C; Palumbo, F; Pryor, JP; Ralph, DJ; Selvaggi, FP, 2001)
" Patients recorded the number of successful intercourse encounters for 6 to 8 weeks, and the number of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate for treatment of erectile dysfunction in a population with associated organic risk factors. Guay, AT; Jacobson, J; Newton, RA; Perez, JB, )
" No serious adverse events occurred."	( Efficacy, safety and predictive factors of therapeutic success with sildenafil for erectile dysfunction in patients with different spinal cord injuries. Barrera, M; Casado, RM; de Juan, FJ; de la Fuente, M; Giner, M; Jáuregui, ML; Méndez, JL; Moraleda, S; Ramírez, L; Recio, C; Salvador, S; Sánchez Ramos, A; Sanmartín, A; Santos, JF; Toribio, L; Vidal, J, 2001)
" Commonly reported adverse events (AEs) were headache, flushing, dyspepsia, and rhinitis, which were generally mild to moderate."	( Assessment of the efficacy and safety of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) in men with erectile dysfunction during long-term treatment. Feldman, RA; Gingell, C; Guay, AT; Hargreave, TB; Leriche, A; Price, DE; Steers, W; Wright, PJ, 2001)
" Studies have shown that sildenafil may not be effective in all patients, and has been associated with a variety of adverse effects and an adverse interaction with nitrates and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes."	( Combination therapy for erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double blind, unblinded active-controlled, cross-over study of the pharmacodynamics and safety of combined oral formulations of apomorphine hydrochloride, phentolamine mesylate and papaverine hyd Castaneda, J; Castell, R; Hurley, D; Lammers, PI; Lipezker, M; Loehr, LA; Lowrey, F; Ponce de Leon, R; Rubio-Aurioles, E, 2002)
" The only serious side effect requiring medical treatment was arthralgia on the knee in one subject."	( Evaluation of side effects of sildenafil in group of young healthy volunteers. Dündar, M; Dündar, SO; Erol, H; Koçak, I, 2001)
" We have recorded outcomes, adverse events and acceptability of Sildenafil (Viagra) therapy in an unselected group of men presenting with ED to a British district general hospital."	( Oral sildenafil (Viagra) in male erectile dysfunction: use, efficacy and safety profile in an unselected cohort presenting to a British district general hospital. Boustead, G; Hanbury, D; Kulinskaya, E; McNicholas, T; Sairam, K, 2002)
" Side effect profile of sildenafil was different in this study with much higher incidence of headache, dyspepsia, flushing and abnormal vision."	( Oral sildenafil (Viagra) in male erectile dysfunction: use, efficacy and safety profile in an unselected cohort presenting to a British district general hospital. Boustead, G; Hanbury, D; Kulinskaya, E; McNicholas, T; Sairam, K, 2002)
" Incidence and type of adverse effects were evaluated at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks."	( Clinical safety profile of sildenafil in Singaporean men with erectile dysfunction: pre-marketing experience (ASSESS-I evaluation). Chee, CT; Cheng, CW; Lim, PH; Moorthy, P; Ng, FC; Vasan, SS; Wong, MY, )
" In the recommended single-dose range (25-100 mg), the use of Viagra for erectile dysfunction, in the absence of contraindications, is extremely safe provided the drug is taken under proper conditions."	( The clinical safety of viagra. Benton, KG; Lim, PH; Moorthy, P, 2002)
"Sildenafil is an effective, safe treatment for erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and erectile dysfunction]. Escobar-Jiménez, F, 2002)
"Oral sildenafil citrate has been shown to be an effective, safe and well tolerated drug in Singaporean men with ED, as in men from other parts of the world."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in a multi-racial population in Singapore: A retrospective study of 1520 patients. Chia, SJ; Consigliere, D; Gooren, L; Li, MK; Lim, PH; Munisamy, M; Ng, FC; Ng, KK; Perianan, M, 2002)
" To assess safety, adverse event (AE) data were recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in women with sexual dysfunction associated with female sexual arousal disorder. Basson, R; Hodgson, G; Koppiker, N; McInnes, R; Smith, MD, 2002)
" The most common adverse events were headache and flushing."	( Efficacy and safety of flexible-dose oral sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Brazilian and Mexican men. Bertero, E; Claro, J; Damião, R; Faria, G; Fregonesi, A; Glina, S; Jaspersen, J; Mattos, D; Mendoza, A; Rocha, LC; Sotomayor, M; Telöken, C; Ugarte, F; Ureta, S; Zonana, E, 2002)
" Adverse events were reported for 51% and 33% of sildenafil and placebo patients, respectively."	( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela: a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Acuña, A; Costa, A; Davila, H; Gómez, F; Plua, P; Wadskier, LA, 2002)
" The most common adverse events included rhinitis, headache, tachycardia, and nausea, with a higher frequency reported in patients receiving phentolamine than sildenafil (41% vs 33%), with the exception of headache, which was reported more frequently in sildenafil users."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and oral phentolamine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Hurtado-Coll, A; Ugarte, F, 2002)
" The most commonly reported adverse events of all causalities associated with sildenafil treatment were headache (19%), flushing (14%), dyspepsia (6%), and nasal congestion (4%), reflecting the inhibitory effects of sildenafil on cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the peripheral vasculature, gastroesophageal sphincter, and nasal mucosa."	( Tolerability and safety profile of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in Latin American patient populations. Coelho, OR, 2002)
" At least one side-effect was seen in 17 patients (43%); one had severe hypotension in the PD group."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil for treating erectile dysfunction in patients on dialysis. Aslan, G; Camsari, T; Cavdar, C; Celebi, I; Esen, AA; Kefi, A; YeniçerioGlu, Y, 2002)
"Sildenafil is a safe and satisfactory drug for improving erectile function in patients with ESRD."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil for treating erectile dysfunction in patients on dialysis. Aslan, G; Camsari, T; Cavdar, C; Celebi, I; Esen, AA; Kefi, A; YeniçerioGlu, Y, 2002)
" The most common adverse events included headache and vasodilation, which were mild to moderate in nature and were comparable between groups."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in black and Hispanic American men. Bennett, C; Gilhooly, P; Ramos, DE; Wessells, H; Young, JM, 2002)
" Incidence rates and types of adverse events that occurred in these studies were similar to those published previously."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in men with erectile dysfunction and spinal cord injury: a review. Derry, F; Hultling, C; Seftel, AD; Sipski, ML, 2002)
" This concern has stemmed primarily from sporadic reports of adverse events published in the literature and sensationalized by the media."	( A 4-year update on the safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra). Eardley, I; Kloner, RA; Laties, AM; Montorsi, F; Padma-nathan, H, 2002)
" - The development of the PDE-5 inhibitors vardenafil and tadalafil prompts the question of whether and how these three substances differ in terms of their efficacy and adverse effects."	( Erectile dysfunction: comparison of efficacy and side effects of the PDE-5 inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil--review of the literature. Gleiter, CH; Gresser, U, 2002)
" Rates of discontinuation from sildenafil therapy due to adverse events are similar to placebo in men with cardiovascular disease."	( Cardiovascular safety of sildenafil. Howes, LG; Tran, D, 2003)
" Adverse events considered treatment-related occurred in 19 patients (30."	( The efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in Thai men with erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, flexible-dose study. Kongkanand, A; Ratana-Olarn, K; Ruangdilokrat, S; Tantiwong, A, 2003)
"Sildenafil is a safe and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction of broad-spectrum etiology in Thai men."	( The efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in Thai men with erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, flexible-dose study. Kongkanand, A; Ratana-Olarn, K; Ruangdilokrat, S; Tantiwong, A, 2003)
" Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 56."	( A double-blind, randomised- placebo, controlled, parallel group, multicentre, flexible-dose escalation study to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil administered as required to male outpatients with erectile dysfunction in Korea. Ahn, TY; Choi, HK; Chung, TG; Kim, DK; Kim, HS; Kim, JJ; Kim, SC; Kim, SW; Kim, YK; Lee, DS; Lee, WH; Moon, DG; Oh, BH; Paick, JS; Park, CH; Ryu, DS; Ryu, WS; Seo, KK; Suh, JK, 2003)
" One participant discontinued treatment because of adverse events."	( A baseline-controlled, open-label, flexible dose-escalation study to assess the safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in patients with erectile dysfunction. Benchekroun, A; Benjelloun, S; Bennani, S; El Mrini, M; Faik, M; Smires, A, 2003)
" Headache, dyspepsia, and flushing were the most common adverse events in sildenafil-treated patients."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men in Egypt and South Africa. Khalaf, IM; Levinson, IP; Shaeer, KZ; Smart, DO, 2003)
" Considering cardiovascular side effects under sildenafil treatment, it would be interesting to determine if genetic factors have an impact on the side effect profile of this drug."	( Genetic risk factors for erectile dysfunction and genetic determinants of drug response--on the way to improve drug safety? Eisenhardt, A; Siffert, W, 2003)
" Combination strategies may allow lower drug doses and reduced adverse effects."	( Viability and safety of combination drug therapies for erectile dysfunction. Steers, WD, 2003)
"The encouraging preliminary observations combined with the potential for adverse events provide a scientific rationale for prospective, randomized clinical trials with adequate numbers of subjects."	( Viability and safety of combination drug therapies for erectile dysfunction. Steers, WD, 2003)
"We hypothesized that 3 months of sildenafil (50 mg orally every 8 hours) added to standard treatment would be safe and improve functional capacity and hemodynamics in PAH patients."	( Long-term treatment with oral sildenafil is safe and improves functional capacity and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Archer, SL; Lien, D; Michelakis, ED; Modry, D; Noga, M; Tymchak, W; Wang, SH; Webster, L; Wu, XC, 2003)
"This small pilot study suggests that long-term sildenafil therapy might be a safe and effective treatment for PAH."	( Long-term treatment with oral sildenafil is safe and improves functional capacity and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Archer, SL; Lien, D; Michelakis, ED; Modry, D; Noga, M; Tymchak, W; Wang, SH; Webster, L; Wu, XC, 2003)
" No significant adverse events were registered."	( [Effectiveness and safety of the treatment with sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with erectile dysfunction and arterial hypertension]. Bassas, L; Manasia, P; Pomerol, J; Ribé Subirà, N, 2003)
" The rate of adverse events after taking sildenafil were 16."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of sildenafil for patients with erectile dysfunction. Chang, LS; Chang, YH; Chen, KK; Chung, HJ; Hsu, YS; Huang, WJ; Kuo, JY; Lin, AT; Sheu, JY; Wu, HH, 2003)
" The adverse events after sildenafil were mild and tolerable."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of sildenafil for patients with erectile dysfunction. Chang, LS; Chang, YH; Chen, KK; Chung, HJ; Hsu, YS; Huang, WJ; Kuo, JY; Lin, AT; Sheu, JY; Wu, HH, 2003)
" Most adverse events were mild to moderate with headache, flushing, rhinitis, nausea and visual symptoms reported most frequently."	( Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder: a double-blind, placebo controlled study. Berman, JR; Berman, LA; Gill, J; Haughie, S; Toler, SM, 2003)
" Forty-seven percent of sildenafil- and 32% of placebo-treated patients experienced adverse events, including transient headache, hypertension, flushing, and dyspepsia."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction and stable coronary artery disease. DeBusk, RF; DeRiesthal, H; Glasser, DB; Pepine, CJ; Shpilsky, A; Sweeney, M, 2004)
" Safety was evaluated according to adverse events (AEs) and patient withdrawal."	( A comparative, crossover study of the efficacy and safety of sildenafil and apomorphine in men with evidence of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. Athanasopoulos, A; Barbalias, G; Chrysanthopoulou, A; Giannitsas, K; Gyftopoulos, K; Markou, SA; Perimenis, P; Tsota, I, 2004)
" PT-141 was safe and well tolerated in both studies."	( Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra. Diamond, LE; Earle, DC; Molinoff, PB; Rosen, RC; Shadiack, AM, 2004)
" We hypothesized that sildenafil is a safe and effective treatment for ED in patients with New York Heart Association classes II and III CHF and that treatment of ED will improve symptoms of depression and enhance perceived of quality of life."	( Use of sildenafil for safe improvement of erectile function and quality of life in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III congestive heart failure: a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. Archer, SL; Davis, T; Michelakis, ED; Webster, LJ, 2004)
"Sildenafil caused a mean +/- SEM asymptomatic decrease in blood pressure of 6 +/- 3 mm Hg, and no patient experienced symptomatic hypotension or other significant adverse effects."	( Use of sildenafil for safe improvement of erectile function and quality of life in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III congestive heart failure: a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. Archer, SL; Davis, T; Michelakis, ED; Webster, LJ, 2004)
"Sildenafil is a safe and effective treatment for ED in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III CHF and provides relief of depressive symptoms, explaining an improvement in the perception of quality of life."	( Use of sildenafil for safe improvement of erectile function and quality of life in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III congestive heart failure: a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. Archer, SL; Davis, T; Michelakis, ED; Webster, LJ, 2004)
" Sildenafil citrate (50 mg) was observed to be safe and effective for treatment of hemodialysis patients with careful evaluation and proper patient selection."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in hemodialysis patients. Aygün, C; Kut, A; Ozdemir, FN; Ozkardeş, H; Peşkircioğlu, CL; Sahin, Y; Tekin, MI, )
"To examine the safety of sildenafil, the first of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors licensed for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (ED), as used in general medical practice in England, quantifying the incidence of a range of events in patients treated with sildenafil, and identifying any previously unrecognized adverse drug reactions."	( Evaluation of the safety of sildenafil for male erectile dysfunction: experience gained in general practice use in England in 1999. Boshier, A; Shakir, SA; Wilton, LV, 2004)
"8%); 145 events were reported as adverse drug reactions to sildenafil."	( Evaluation of the safety of sildenafil for male erectile dysfunction: experience gained in general practice use in England in 1999. Boshier, A; Shakir, SA; Wilton, LV, 2004)
" In this review, a comparison is made of the pharmcodynamics, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions between the three PDE-5 inhibitors to assess their efficacy and safety."	( [Comparison of efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction]. Chen, Q; Lu, X; Wang, N; Yao, F, 2004)
" The side-effect profiles for both drugs were in keeping with published data."	( An open-label, randomized, flexible-dose, crossover study to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate and apomorphine hydrochloride in men with erectile dysfunction. Eardley, I; Edwards, A; Hole, J; MacDonagh, R; Wright, P, 2004)
" A total of 71 adverse events were reported among 56 patients (8."	( Post-marketing surveillance study of the safety and efficacy of sildenafil prescribed in primary care to erectile dysfunction patients. Cheon, KS; Cheong, YS; Cho, BL; Hong, MH; Kim, DH; Kim, SW; Kim, YS; Rho, MK; Seo, HG; Sunwoo, S, )
" Oral sildenafil is safe and effective for the evaluation of PH reactivity in heart failure."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in severe heart failure. Alaeddini, J; Mehra, MR; Park, MH; Scott, RL; Uber, PA; Ventura, HO, 2004)
" Sixty percent of patients who received sildenafil and 48% of patients who received placebo developed adverse events, including transient headache, facial flushing, respiratory tract infection, and asthenia."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Bank, AJ; Glasser, DB; Katz, SD; Parker, JD; Sherman, N; Sweeney, M; Wang, H, 2005)
" Addition of oral sildenafil to beraprost appears to represent a safe and effective therapeutic option, at least in the acute phase, for patients with pulmonary hypertension."	( Addition of oral sildenafil to beraprost is a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Ikeda, D; Ishimaru, S; Itoh, N; Kamigaki, M; Nishimura, M; Ohira, H; Sakaue, S; Tsujino, I, 2005)
" No significant adverse events were reported."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with hemoglobinopathies. Bina, P; Cappellini, MD; D'Ascola, G; Derchi, G; Formisano, F; Forni, GL; Galanello, R; Lamagna, M; Magnano, C, 2005)
" Sildenafil use in children appears to be safe and may be beneficial in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension."	( Safety and efficacy of Sildenafil therapy in children with pulmonary hypertension. Bush, A; Karatza, AA; Magee, AG, 2005)
" During the following 8 weeks, patients were evaluated regarding vital signs, adverse events, therapeutic efficacy, satisfaction with treatment and use of concurrent medications."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of sildenafil in Brazilian hypertensive patients on multiple antihypertensive drugs. Albuquerque, DC; Miziara, LJ; Ribeiro, AB; Rodrigues, US; Saraiva, JF; Wajngarten, M, )
" The most frequent adverse events among patients treated with sildenafil were headaches (11."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of sildenafil in Brazilian hypertensive patients on multiple antihypertensive drugs. Albuquerque, DC; Miziara, LJ; Ribeiro, AB; Rodrigues, US; Saraiva, JF; Wajngarten, M, )
"Sildenafil is efficacious and safe for the treatment of hypertensive patients with ED who receive concurrent combinations of anti-hypertensive drugs."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of sildenafil in Brazilian hypertensive patients on multiple antihypertensive drugs. Albuquerque, DC; Miziara, LJ; Ribeiro, AB; Rodrigues, US; Saraiva, JF; Wajngarten, M, )
" Typically the adverse effects reported in patients from clinical trials of sildenafil have been mild to moderate, and commonly include flushing and dyspepsia and transient visual disturbances."	( [Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction]. Shen, ZJ; Yu, YL, 2005)
" No significant adverse events were reported."	( Therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension in hemoglobinopathies: Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with hemoglobinopathy. Derchi, G; Forni, GL, 2005)
" Those safe and effective agents were originally developed for their cardiovascular effects and were incidentally found to enhance erections."	( Cardiac safety in clinical trials of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Carson, CC, 2005)
" Spontaneous postmarketing reports of visual adverse events, including nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), have been reported during the 7 years that sildenafil has been prescribed to more than 27 million men worldwide."	( Ocular safety in patients using sildenafil citrate therapy for erectile dysfunction. Laties, A; Sharlip, I, 2006)
" Adverse events in patients taking sildenafil (vs."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in men with serotonergic antidepressant-associated erectile dysfunction: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fava, M; Holloway, W; Nicholas, S; Nurnberg, HG; Seidman, SN; Stecher, VJ; Tseng, LJ, 2006)
" Among men with erectile dysfunction treated with sildenafil, the adverse event profile is similar overall to that in men with comorbid cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is similar between those with and without CAD, and it is similar between those who take and those who do not take antihypertensive drugs (regardless of the number or class)."	( Cardiovascular safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra): an updated perspective. Cheitlin, MD; Jackson, G; Montorsi, P, 2006)
" Treatment-related adverse events were mostly mild/moderate hypotension, headache, and dizziness, which are often associated with NTG alone."	( Safety of intravenous nitroglycerin after administration of sildenafil citrate to men with coronary artery disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. Bart, BA; Glue, P; Jen, F; Koren, MJ; Malhotra, B; Parker, JD; Siegel, RL; Wang, H; Webb, DJ, 2007)
"To define the efficacy and tolerability of sildenafil in elderly men, as epidemiological data show an increasing life-expectancy of the population, and age is not only correlated with increasing morbidity but also an increase in the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED), for which sildenafil, available for >8 years, is effective and safe across a wide variety of medical comorbidities, severity and causes of ED."	( Analysis of the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the geriatric population. Mulhall, JP; Müller, A; Parker, M; Smith, L, 2007)
" The database included data on patient demographics, comorbidities, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores and adverse events (AEs)."	( Analysis of the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the geriatric population. Mulhall, JP; Müller, A; Parker, M; Smith, L, 2007)
" The majority of adverse events were mild in severity; the most commonly reported treatment-related events were dizziness (7."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in Asian males with erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. Buranakitjaroen, P; Chee, C; Dato'Johan, RM; Leungwattanakij, S; Malhotra, C; Mangklabruks, A; Mohamed, SR; Ngaothamatasn, W, 2007)
" The adverse events were facial flushing (20."	( An open-label, multicenter, flexible dose study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) in Korean men with erectile dysfunction and arterial hypertension who are taking antihypertensive agents. Kim, SW; Lee, DH; Lee, SW; Moon, KH; Park, HJ; Park, JK; Park, K; Park, NC; Shim, HB; Yoon, SJ, 2008)
"Sildenafil citrate is an effective treatment for ED; it is safe and well tolerated by patients with ED taking multiple antihypertensive agents for arterial hypertension."	( An open-label, multicenter, flexible dose study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) in Korean men with erectile dysfunction and arterial hypertension who are taking antihypertensive agents. Kim, SW; Lee, DH; Lee, SW; Moon, KH; Park, HJ; Park, JK; Park, K; Park, NC; Shim, HB; Yoon, SJ, 2008)
" We also assessed the number of attempts at sexual intercourse, the number of attempts that were successful and adverse drug effects."	( Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. Safarinejad, MR, 2009)
"Our results showed that 10mg/kg sildenafil decreased the adverse effects of ischemia on the healing of ischemic left colon anastomosis."	( Does sildenafil reverse the adverse effects of ischemia on ischemic colon anastomosis: yes, 'no'. Ankarali, H; Bahadir, B; Cakmak, GK; Comert, M; Demirtas, C; Emre, AU; Irkorucu, O; Karakaya, K; Kertis, G; Ofluoglu, E; Pasaoglu, H; Tascilar, O; Ucan, BH, 2009)
" Furthermore, full acute and sub-acute toxicity studies showed no toxic effects of Etana."	( A new herbal combination, Etana, for enhancing erectile function: an efficacy and safety study in animals. Badwan, AA; Matalka, KZ; Qinna, N; Taha, H, )
" No serious adverse reactions were reported."	( The efficacy and safety of sildenafil in Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Jiang, X; Jing, ZC; Pu, JL; Sun, YG; Wang, Y; Wang, ZX; Wu, Y; Xu, XQ; Yang, YJ; Zhang, JH, 2009)
" The primary outcome measure was the adverse occurrence of any of the following during the treatment period: stroke worsening, new stroke, myocardial infarction, vision loss, hearing loss, or death from any cause."	( Sildenafil treatment of subacute ischemic stroke: a safety study at 25-mg daily for 2 weeks. Chopp, M; Katramados, A; Lewandowski, CA; Lu, M; McCarthy, S; Mitsias, P; Morris, DC; Russman, AN; Silver, B, )
"Sildenafil (25 mg daily for 2 weeks) appeared to be safe in this group of patients with mild to moderately severe stroke."	( Sildenafil treatment of subacute ischemic stroke: a safety study at 25-mg daily for 2 weeks. Chopp, M; Katramados, A; Lewandowski, CA; Lu, M; McCarthy, S; Mitsias, P; Morris, DC; Russman, AN; Silver, B, )
" Drug-related adverse events were mild and transient in our group of patients."	( One year efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil treatment in severe pulmonary hypertension. Dumija, Z; Jakopović, M; Knezević, A; Samarzija, M; Samija, M; Sever, B; Vidjak, V; Zuljević, E, 2009)
" No new safety issues, emerging trends or adverse reactions were identified in conjunction with overdose, dependence, abuse or misuse."	( Safety of sildenafil citrate: review of 67 double-blind placebo-controlled trials and the postmarketing safety database. Giuliano, F; Jackson, G; Martin-Morales, A; Montorsi, F; Raillard, P, 2010)
" Over the years, adverse events associated with the consumption of natural health products for sexual enhancement and the treatment of erectile dysfunction have been reported."	( Safety and quality assessment of 175 illegal sexual enhancement products seized in red-light districts in Singapore. Bloodworth, BC; Ge, XW; Koh, HL; Lee, R; Li, L; Low, MY; Zeng, Y, 2009)
" Physicians were presented with a hypothetical pharmaceutical cognitive enhancer that had been approved by the regulatory authorities for use in healthy adults, and was characterized as being safe, effective, and without significant adverse side effects."	( Physician attitudes towards pharmacological cognitive enhancement: safety concerns are paramount. Banjo, OC; Nadler, R; Reiner, PB, 2010)
" Oral sildenafil is both safe and effective for the treatment of adult PAH patients in China."	( [Preliminary study on the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in pulmonary arterial hypertension in China]. Bao, CD; Chen, JY; Cheng, XS; Gu, Q; Guo, T; Guo, YJ; He, B; He, JG; Huang, K; Huang, SA; Li, CL; Li, MT; Li, WM; Liu, HM; Liu, S; Liu, ZH; Lu, XL; Ni, XH; Shan, GL; Shen, JY; Tian, HY; Wang, LH; Wu, BX; Wu, GH; Wu, WF; Xiong, CM; Zeng, XF; Zhang, C; Zhang, DZ; Zhang, WJ; Zhao, ZH; Zhou, DX; Zhu, XY, 2011)
" The incidence of adverse events was similar among the 3 groups."	( The efficacy and safety of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with the different types of congenital heart disease. Gu, Q; He, JG; Li, JJ; Liu, ZH; Lu, XL; Ni, XH; Shan, GL; Xiong, CM; Zeng, WJ; Zhao, ZH, 2011)
"Sildenafil therapy seems to be effective and safe for PAH secondary to ASD, VSD, and PDA, although some clinical and hemodynamic parameters were changed in a different manner among the 3 groups."	( The efficacy and safety of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with the different types of congenital heart disease. Gu, Q; He, JG; Li, JJ; Liu, ZH; Lu, XL; Ni, XH; Shan, GL; Xiong, CM; Zeng, WJ; Zhao, ZH, 2011)
" Transient visual symptoms such as change in color perception and increased light sensitivity are well-known adverse effects of these drugs and occur in 3-11% of sildenafil users."	( Are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors associated with vision-threatening adverse events? A critical analysis and review of the literature. Abu samra, K; Azzouni, F, 2011)
" The causality assessment of the reported adverse drug reactions was analyzed by applying both the World Health Organization (WHO) Probability Scale and the criteria utilized by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects."	( Are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors associated with vision-threatening adverse events? A critical analysis and review of the literature. Abu samra, K; Azzouni, F, 2011)
" However, minor visual adverse effects occur in 3-11% of users and they are transient and reversible."	( Are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors associated with vision-threatening adverse events? A critical analysis and review of the literature. Abu samra, K; Azzouni, F, 2011)
" Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) are generally regarded as safe and effective."	( 10-Year analysis of adverse event reports to the Food and Drug Administration for phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors. Costabile, RA; Lowe, G, 2012)
"Summarized reports of adverse events (AEs) for each PDE5-i were requested from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research within the FDA."	( 10-Year analysis of adverse event reports to the Food and Drug Administration for phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors. Costabile, RA; Lowe, G, 2012)
" 10-year analysis of adverse event reports to the Food and Drug Administration for phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors."	( 10-Year analysis of adverse event reports to the Food and Drug Administration for phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors. Costabile, RA; Lowe, G, 2012)
"Ocular safety (ocular examinations, visual function tests, participants' reports of adverse events, and visual disturbance questionnaire completed by investigators) by treatment group at 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 18 months, and yearly."	( Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. Burgess, G; Hwang, LJ; Laties, AM; Tressler, C; Wirostko, BM, 2012)
" Incidence of ocular adverse events reported on the case report forms and assessed by the investigator was low with all doses, but a modest, dose related incidence of chromatopsia, cyanopsia, photophobia, and visual disturbance was reported with 80 mg three times daily consistent with the indicated dosing for erectile dysfunction."	( Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. Burgess, G; Hwang, LJ; Laties, AM; Tressler, C; Wirostko, BM, 2012)
"Sildenafil dosing up to 80 mg three times daily is safe and well tolerated from an ocular perspective in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension."	( Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. Burgess, G; Hwang, LJ; Laties, AM; Tressler, C; Wirostko, BM, 2012)
"A low incidence of some PDE-related adverse events may be reflected by the high selectivity of avanafil against non-PDE5 isozymes."	( Selectivity of avanafil, a PDE5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: implications for clinical safety and improved tolerability. Burnett, AL; Day, WW; DiDonato, K; Heller, WH; Kikkawa, K; Kotera, J; Omori, K; Peterson, CA; Wang, R; Yee, S, 2012)
" Lower selectivity against PDE1, PDE6, and PDE11 is consistent with results from randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials in which musculoskeletal and hemodynamic adverse events were reported in <2% of patients and no color vision-related abnormalities were reported with avanafil doses up to 200 mg once daily."	( Selectivity of avanafil, a PDE5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: implications for clinical safety and improved tolerability. Burnett, AL; Day, WW; DiDonato, K; Heller, WH; Kikkawa, K; Kotera, J; Omori, K; Peterson, CA; Wang, R; Yee, S, 2012)
"Data suggest that avanafil may confer a safety benefit, in terms of a lower incidence of specific adverse events, by virtue of its high specificity to PDE5 and its overall selectivity against other PDE isozymes."	( Selectivity of avanafil, a PDE5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: implications for clinical safety and improved tolerability. Burnett, AL; Day, WW; DiDonato, K; Heller, WH; Kikkawa, K; Kotera, J; Omori, K; Peterson, CA; Wang, R; Yee, S, 2012)
" Sildenafil is highly efficacious cheaper and safe alternative to other available therapies for SSc-associated PAH, Raynaud's phenomenon, and digital infarcts/ulcers."	( Prospective, open-label, uncontrolled pilot study to study safety and efficacy of sildenafil in systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary artery hypertension and cutaneous vascular complications. Gokhle, SS; Kaur, S; Kumar, U; Misra, D; Sankalp, G; Sreenivas, V, 2013)
" Adverse effects occurred in a comparable proportion of patients taking sildenafil and placebo, and none of the patients needed to discontinue therapy."	( Is chronic sildenafil therapy safe and clinically beneficial in patients with systolic heart failure? Amin, A; Chitsazan, M; Mahmoudi, E; Navid, H, )
" PDE5-Is are generally safe and well tolerated, and there is no major difference on the safety profile."	( Comparative effectiveness and safety of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Chen, Q; Ding, H; Lee, J; Liu, Y; Mao, C; Qin, X; Ren, Z; Tang, J; Tian, J; Yang, Z; Yuan, J; Zhang, R, 2013)
" Nevertheless, animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect limiting the prolonged CsA therapeutic use."	( Sildenafil protects against nitric oxide deficiency-related nephrotoxicity in cyclosporine A treated rats. Abdel-latif, RG; El-Moselhy, MA; Khalifa, MA; Morsy, MA, 2013)
"Because most medications for pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) are used off label and based on adult trials, little information is available on pediatric-specific adverse events (AEs)."	( Food and Drug Administration (FDA) postmarket reported side effects and adverse events associated with pulmonary hypertension therapy in pediatric patients. Feinstein, JA; Ivy, DD; Maxey, DM; Ogawa, MT, 2013)
"Drug-induced ototoxicity, particularly those involving phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, is considered to be rare and to our knowledge such an adverse effect has not been reported in Canada."	( Sildenafil and furosemide associated ototoxicity: consideration of drug-drug interactions, synergy, and broader clinical relevance. Farquhar, D; Kim, RB; Mehta, S; Skeith, L; Yamashita, C, 2013)
" The initial drug intake of the drug was not followed by adverse reactions in 12 (75%) of the 16 patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in patients with systemic scleroderma]. Alekperov, RT; Ananyeva, LP; Cheremukhina, EO; Korzeneva, EG, 2013)
" Patient-reported adverse events included headache (4%) and heartburn (2%)."	( Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of overnight switching from sildenafil to tadalafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Doran, AK; Hill, W; Shapiro, S; Traiger, G; Zhang, L, 2013)
" Most treatment emergent adverse events were mild or moderate."	( The efficacy and safety of on-demand Elonza; a generic product of sildenafil in Thai men with erectile dysfunction. Pempongkosol, S; Wijitsettakul, U, 2013)
" Tadalafil may be a safe drug to treat children and young adults with PAH."	( Comparison of the therapeutic and side effects of tadalafil and sildenafil in children and adolescents with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Beheshtian, E; Sabri, MR, 2014)
" The safety was assessed by observing drug tolerability and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of long-term tadalafil 5 mg once daily combined with sildenafil 50 mg as needed at the early stage of treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction. Cui, H; Deng, Y; Fang, J; Liu, B; Song, Z; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Zhang, S, 2015)
"94) or Borg dyspnea score relative to placebo, nor did it significantly affect the incidence of serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review. He, CY; Jiang, FM; Li, CT; Liang, ZA; Luo, J; Peng, XY; Wang, RC; Zheng, QL, 2014)
"Sildenafil therapy lasting ≥ 12 weeks improves multiple clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in patients with PAH, but it appears to have no effect on mortality or serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review. He, CY; Jiang, FM; Li, CT; Liang, ZA; Luo, J; Peng, XY; Wang, RC; Zheng, QL, 2014)
"There is currently no evidence of serious adverse event in infants exposed to sildenafil."	( Safety of sildenafil in infants*. Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Smith, PB; van den Anker, JN, 2014)
"05), and no obvious adverse reactions were found."	( [Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the treatment of high altitude heart disease associated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in children: a preliminary evaluation]. Chen, H; Xia, YL; Yan, WX, 2014)
"For children with high altitude heart disease associated with severe PAH, sildenafil can effectively reduce pulmonary artery pressure and improve cardiac function and does not cause adverse reactions."	( [Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the treatment of high altitude heart disease associated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in children: a preliminary evaluation]. Chen, H; Xia, YL; Yan, WX, 2014)
"The present studies examined the toxic interaction between the non-coxib celecoxib derivative OSU-03012 and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, and also determined the roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress response regulators in cell survival."	( Regulation of OSU-03012 toxicity by ER stress proteins and ER stress-inducing drugs. Booth, L; Cruickshanks, N; Dent, P; Grant, S; Poklepovic, A; Roberts, JL, 2014)
" It has not yet been observed if transition from sildenafil to tadalafil is beneficial in patients suffering from adverse reactions."	( Safety and long-term efficacy of transition from sildenafil to tadalafil due to side effects in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Egenlauf, B; Ehlken, N; Grünig, E; Harzheim, D; Lichtblau, M; Marra, A; Pinado, FP, 2015)
"A retrospective analysis of PAH-patients who were stable on sildenafil for >3 months and transitioned to tadalafil due to adverse events was performed."	( Safety and long-term efficacy of transition from sildenafil to tadalafil due to side effects in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Egenlauf, B; Ehlken, N; Grünig, E; Harzheim, D; Lichtblau, M; Marra, A; Pinado, FP, 2015)
"5 %) adverse events occurred under tadalafil as well and therapy with PDE-5 inhibitors was discontinued."	( Safety and long-term efficacy of transition from sildenafil to tadalafil due to side effects in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Egenlauf, B; Ehlken, N; Grünig, E; Harzheim, D; Lichtblau, M; Marra, A; Pinado, FP, 2015)
" Neither the tolerability nor pharmacokinetics of nitrite was impacted by conditions of mild hypoxia, or co-administration with sildenafil, supporting the safe use of inhaled nitrite in the clinical setting of PAH."	( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of nebulized sodium nitrite (AIR001) following repeat-dose inhalation in healthy subjects. Alcorn, H; Attkins, NJ; Barker, GE; Bott, AW; Bradley, S; Gladwin, MT; Hoye, WL; Hussaini, A; Masamune, H; Parsley, EL; Rix, PJ; Shiva, S; Vick, A, 2015)
" Specific adverse events with PDE5 inhibitors included headache (12."	( Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Cui, Y; Gao, Z; Liu, X; Shi, L, 2016)
" No serious adverse effects were noted."	( Sildenafil therapy in bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study of efficacy and safety. Krishnamurthy, MB; O'Heney, JL; Paul, E; Sehgal, A; Tan, K, 2015)
" These products represent a major safety threat for the consumers in Egypt and the Middle East, especially; the target audience is mostly affected with heart and blood pressure problems seeking natural and safe alternatives to the well-established Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors (PDE-5Is)."	( Male enhancement Nutraceuticals in the Middle East market: Claim, pharmaceutical quality and safety assessments. ElAgouri, G; ElAmrawy, F; ElYazbi, A; Eshra, A; Nounou, MI, 2015)
" Safety was assessed by monitoring neurological examination findings and vital signs and for the development of adverse reactions."	( A Phase I proof-of-concept and safety trial of sildenafil to treat cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arias, EJ; Chicoine, MR; Cross, DT; Dacey, RG; Derdeyn, CP; Dhar, R; Han, BH; Moran, CJ; Rich, KM; Vellimana, AK; Washington, CW; Zipfel, GJ, 2016)
" There were no adverse reactions."	( A Phase I proof-of-concept and safety trial of sildenafil to treat cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arias, EJ; Chicoine, MR; Cross, DT; Dacey, RG; Derdeyn, CP; Dhar, R; Han, BH; Moran, CJ; Rich, KM; Vellimana, AK; Washington, CW; Zipfel, GJ, 2016)
"The results from this Phase I safety and proof-of-concept trial assessing the use of intravenous sildenafil in patients with CVS show that sildenafil is safe and well tolerated in the setting of SAH."	( A Phase I proof-of-concept and safety trial of sildenafil to treat cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arias, EJ; Chicoine, MR; Cross, DT; Dacey, RG; Derdeyn, CP; Dhar, R; Han, BH; Moran, CJ; Rich, KM; Vellimana, AK; Washington, CW; Zipfel, GJ, 2016)
" According to the Naranjo adverse drug reaction scale and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) the probability of association of Hepatotoxicity with Sildenafil was "possible" and "probable" respectively (Naranjo score of 4, RUCAM score of 7)."	( A Case of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Adulterated "Tiger King", a Chinese Herbal Medicine Containing Sildenafil. Arieli, M; Berkovitz, R; Fuchs, S; Hess, Z; Nissan, R; Poperno, A; Shapira, B; Stein, GY, 2016)
" The most common adverse events with sildenafil were headache and flushing in each age subgroup."	( Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil by Age in Men With Erectile Dysfunction. Creanga, D; Goldstein, I; Kaminetsky, JC; Stecher, V; Tseng, LJ, 2016)
" We hypothesized there may be more adverse effects associated with intermittent IV sildenafil compared with enteral sildenafil."	( Evaluating the safety of intermittent intravenous sildenafil in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Darland, LK; Dinh, KL; Fernandes, CJ; Kim, S; Mallory, GB; Placencia, JL; Ruiz, F; Varghese, NP, 2017)
"Low dose oral sildenafil citrate tablets are safe and effective to decrease the lesions volume in some LMs children, especially with macrocystic lesion or mixed type."	( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in treatment of pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations. Ge, W; Guo, Y; He, Y; Liu, Y; Ni, X; Tai, J; Wang, N; Wang, S; Zhang, J, 2017)
" The improvement of various symptoms and the adverse effects of sildenafil were recorded during the follow-up period."	( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in treatment of pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations. Ge, W; Guo, Y; He, Y; Liu, Y; Ni, X; Tai, J; Wang, N; Wang, S; Zhang, J, 2017)
" Only four patients showed transient mild diarrhea, there was no other adverse effect in this series."	( Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in treatment of pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations. Ge, W; Guo, Y; He, Y; Liu, Y; Ni, X; Tai, J; Wang, N; Wang, S; Zhang, J, 2017)
" Evidence suggests that low- and moderate-dose sildenafil are safe regimens for children."	( Pulmonary Hypertension Therapy and a Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of PDE-5 Inhibitors. Coulson, JD; Noje, C; Romer, L; Segal, JB; Unegbu, C, 2017)
" The most common all-cause adverse events with sildenafil were headache (16."	( Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil in Men With Sexual Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Injury. Carlsson, M; Ohl, DA; Rippon, GA; Stecher, VJ, 2017)
" Although the drug is well tolerated, specific adverse events have been observed, like flushing, headaches, dyspepsia, and visual disturbances."	( Sildenafil-associated hepatoxicity: a review of the literature. Busardò, FP; Graziano, S; Marinelli, E; Minutillo, A; Montana, A; Rotolo, MC; Zaami, S, 2017)
" The combined dapoxetine with sildenafil therapy could significantly improve PE patients without ED as compared to paroxetine alone or dapoxetine alone or sildenafil alone with tolerated adverse effects."	( Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of the on-demand use of paroxetine, dapoxetine, sildenafil and combined dapoxetine with sildenafil in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Abdelhamed, A; Abu El-Hamd, M, 2018)
" Adverse events and long-term cancer outcomes were monitored."	( A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy in the Preservation of Erectile Function after Radical Prostatectomy. Champagne, A; Chiles, KA; Graydon, RJ; Johnson-Arbor, K; McLaughlin, T; Staff, I, 2018)
"The new ODF formulation is as efficient and safe as the FCT formulation and offers a new choice of treatment to specialists for more precisely tailored therapy."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Oro-Dispersible Sildenafil in a New Film Formulation for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Comparison Between Sildenafil 100-mg Film-Coated Tablet and 75-mg Oro-Dispersible Film. Cacciamani, G; Campi, R; Capece, M; Cito, G; Cocci, A; Della Camera, PA; Falcone, M; Gacci, M; Minervini, A; Mirone, V; Mondaini, N; Morelli, G; Morselli, S; Natali, A; Polloni, G; Rizzo, M; Russo, GI; Serni, S; Sessa, F; Timpano, M, 2017)
"T + S and T + B are well tolerated and safe and significantly increase the number of SSEs in different FSIAD subgroups."	( Efficacy and Safety of On-Demand Use of 2 Treatments Designed for Different Etiologies of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder: 3 Randomized Clinical Trials. Bloemers, J; Böcker, KBE; de Lange, RPJ; de Leede, L; Derogatis, LR; Eisenegger, C; Everaerd, W; Frijlink, HW; Gerritsen, J; Höhle, D; Kessels, R; Kingsberg, S; Koppeschaar, HPF; Olivier, B; Pfaus, JG; Tuiten, A; van Honk, J; van Rooij, K, 2018)
" We obtained and analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the scores of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the success rate of sexual intercourse, and the incidence of adverse events."	( [Safety and efficacy of China-made sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction]. Gao, X; He, ZJ; Hong, K; Jiang, H; Jiang, T; Liu, DF; Pan, TM; Song, XS; Wu, H; Xu, QQ; Zhang, B; Zhang, Z; Zhu, JC; Zhuang, SR, 2017)
" Mild or temporary adverse events were observed in 32 cases in the SC group as compared with 13 in the placebo control."	( [Safety and efficacy of China-made sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction]. Gao, X; He, ZJ; Hong, K; Jiang, H; Jiang, T; Liu, DF; Pan, TM; Song, XS; Wu, H; Xu, QQ; Zhang, B; Zhang, Z; Zhu, JC; Zhuang, SR, 2017)
"China-made sildenafil citrate is an effective, safe and well-tolerated drug for ED of different etiologies in the Chinese population."	( [Safety and efficacy of China-made sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction]. Gao, X; He, ZJ; Hong, K; Jiang, H; Jiang, T; Liu, DF; Pan, TM; Song, XS; Wu, H; Xu, QQ; Zhang, B; Zhang, Z; Zhu, JC; Zhuang, SR, 2017)
" We evaluated the total clinical effectiveness of Wanfeile and analyzed adverse reactions."	( [Efficacy and safety of Wanfeile in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Report of 100　cases and review of the literature]. Cao, J; Chen, WJ; Fu, Q; Liu, XL; Sun, Z; Zhu, XW, 2017)
" Adverse reactions were observed in 5 cases (5."	( [Efficacy and safety of Wanfeile in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Report of 100　cases and review of the literature]. Cao, J; Chen, WJ; Fu, Q; Liu, XL; Sun, Z; Zhu, XW, 2017)
"Wanfeile is safe and efficacious for the treatment of ED."	( [Efficacy and safety of Wanfeile in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Report of 100　cases and review of the literature]. Cao, J; Chen, WJ; Fu, Q; Liu, XL; Sun, Z; Zhu, XW, 2017)
"No serious adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with sildenafil in the treatment of ED in Chinese men： A real-world study]. Chang, DG; Chen, L; Gao, QH; Geng, Q; Guo, J; Ou-Yang, B; Wang, F; Yu, C; Yu, GJ; Zhang, R; Zhang, XJ, 2017)
"TCM combined with sildenafil is safe and effective in the treatment of ED in Chinese men, which can significantly improve the IIEF-5 score and erection hardness of the patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with sildenafil in the treatment of ED in Chinese men： A real-world study]. Chang, DG; Chen, L; Gao, QH; Geng, Q; Guo, J; Ou-Yang, B; Wang, F; Yu, C; Yu, GJ; Zhang, R; Zhang, XJ, 2017)
" Acute dermal toxicity of the SCH exhibited that the formulations are devoid of any toxic effects and safe to be used."	( Efficacy and dermal toxicity analysis of Sildenafil citrate based topical hydrogel formulation against traumatic wounds. Adhikari, JS; Alam, MT; Basu, M; Chawla, R; Kulshrestha, S, 2019)
" We aimed to determine if initial enteral sildenafil dosing is safe in children receiving concurrent vasoactive infusions."	( Safety of enteral sildenafil in hemodynamically unstable children. Beckman, EJ; Bednarz, AM; Israel, EN; Johansen, M; Thomas, CA, 2019)
" Adverse events in the Avanafil group occurred in four (5%) patients and in 16 (20%) patients in the Sildenafil group."	( Efficacy and safety of avanafil 200 mg versus sildenafil 100 mg in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after robot-assisted unilateral nerve-sparing prostatectomy: A prospective multicentre study. Altieri, VM; Chini, T; Cito, G; Della Camera, PA; Gacci, M; Maggi, M; Natali, A; Nunzio, C; Rastrelli, G; Serni, S; Tellini, R, 2020)
"06) and adverse neonatal outcome (20."	( Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate to reduce operative birth for intrapartum fetal compromise at term: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Dunn, L; Flatley, C; Flenady, V; Kumar, S; Tarnow-Mordi, W; Turner, J, 2020)
" Then we recorded the IIEF-5 score and penile erection hardness score (EHS) and adverse reactions and compared them among the three groups of patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of regular use of sildenafil in the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction]. Jia, DH; Li, R; Wang, CL; Wang, R; Yang, F; Zhang, TB; Zhang, WX; Zheng, T, 2019)
"Regular use of sildenafil has a therapeutic effect similar to that of tadalafil but better than that of sildenafil on-demand, without more adverse effects."	( [Efficacy and safety of regular use of sildenafil in the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction]. Jia, DH; Li, R; Wang, CL; Wang, R; Yang, F; Zhang, TB; Zhang, WX; Zheng, T, 2019)
" Adverse reactions in the Sildenafil treatment group were tolerated headaches and digestive symptoms, which were relatively safe."	( Efficacy and safety of Sildenafil treatment in pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis. Hao, Y; He, X; Huang, S; Mao, Y; Qiu, J; Wang, M; Xu, J; Zhu, Y, 2020)
"Available clinical evidence indicates that Sildenafil seems to be safe and effective for COPD-PH and can improve the patients' 6WMD."	( Efficacy and safety of Sildenafil treatment in pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis. Hao, Y; He, X; Huang, S; Mao, Y; Qiu, J; Wang, M; Xu, J; Zhu, Y, 2020)
" Serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 54 (61%) patients in the sildenafil group and 55 (62%) patients in the placebo group."	( Efficacy and safety of sildenafil added to pirfenidone in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and risk of pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Antoniou, K; Behr, J; Bengus, M; Bouros, DE; Gilberg, F; Guiot, J; Harari, S; Kirchgaessler, KU; Kramer, MR; Mogulkoc Bishop, N; Nathan, SD; Perjesi, A; Wells, AU; Wuyts, WA, 2021)
"Cardiovascular adverse effects in drug development are a major source of compound attrition."	( An Integrative Approach for Improved Assessment of Cardiovascular Safety Data. Gabrielsson, J; Jirstrand, M; Martel, E; Pairet, N; Scheuerer, S; Wallman, M, 2021)
" Further, these falsely advertised products should be withdrawn from the market due to potential adverse effects on the health of their consumers."	( The safety, efficacy and pharmaceutical quality of male enhancement nutraceuticals bought online: Truth versus claim. AboulFotouh, K; Amine, N; Eassa, HA; Echeverry, N; Helal, NA; Huynh, DM; Kaur, H; Latz, IK; Mansoor, I; Mikhail, MM; Mohamed, D; Nounou, MI; Oakes, MT; Orzechowski, K; Sweeney, J; Szollosi, D; Wiss, AR; Zheng, C, 2021)
"Diclofenac, one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, leads to severe adverse effects on the kidneys."	( Phosphodiesterase (1, 3 & 5) inhibitors attenuate diclofenac-induced acute kidney toxicity in rats. Abdel-Razek, NS; Salem, HA; Wadie, W, 2021)
" Most common adverse events (AEs) with sildenafil (≥10% infants) were hypotension (n = 8/29), hypokalemia (n = 7/29), anemia, drug withdrawal syndrome (n = 4/29, each), and bradycardia (n = 3/29)."	( Efficacy and Safety of IV Sildenafil in the Treatment of Newborn Infants with, or at Risk of, Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN): A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Balagtas, CC; Cheruvu, N; Iorga, D; Jonsson, B; Pierce, CM; Steinhorn, RH; Zhang, MH, 2021)
" Safety was evaluated based on adverse events (AEs), transaminase levels, and mean arterial pressure monitoring."	( Safety of sildenafil in extremely premature infants: a phase I trial. Ahlfeld, SK; Ambalavanan, N; Atz, AM; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Jackson, W; Laughon, MM; Martz, K; Mills, M; Mundakel, G; Poindexter, BB; Smith, PB; Sokol, GM; Stewart, D, 2022)
"Male reproductive toxicity is a well-established side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin (ADR)."	( Sildenafil aggravates adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity in rats; a preliminary investigation. Adeyanju, AA; Oguntibeju, OO; Ojomu, O; Oyenihi, OR, 2023)
" There was no hypotension or other significant adverse effects in the nitrite group."	( Efficacy and safety of inhaled nitrite in addition to sildenafil in thalassemia patients with pulmonary hypertension: A 12-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chuncharunee, S; Pienvichit, P; Pussadhamma, B; Sasiprapha, T; Sibmooh, N; Sriwantana, T; Yingchoncharoen, T, 2022)
" Both avanafil and sildenafil were well tolerated by all the patients in the study; the most common adverse event reported during the study was headache in both the groups."	( Efficacy and safety of avanafil as compared with sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A randomized, double blind, multicenter clinical trial. Goyal, S; Gupta, SV; Kumar, M; Mittal, R; Pathade, AD; Rath, D; Sanmukhani, J; Thakre, M, 2022)
"RCTs reporting obstetric or perinatal outcomes or maternal adverse outcomes in women taking PDE5i in pregnancy."	( Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in pregnancy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and perinatal safety and clinical outcomes. Deprest, J; Kumar, S; Mol, BW; Russo, F; Turner, JM, 2022)
"Tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity is an inevitable side effect during breast cancer treatment."	( Nrf2 and NF-қB interplay in tamoxifen-induced hepatic toxicity: A promising therapeutic approach of sildenafil and low-dose γ radiation. Galal, SM; Karam, HM; Lotfy, DM, 2023)
"8%) in the placebo group reported one or more treatment-emergent adverse events, all of mild or moderate intensity."	( Evaluation of the Influence of Sildenafil on the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Vericiguat in Healthy Adults. Becker, C; Boettcher, M; Krausche, R; Nowotny, B, 2023)
" This study investigated whether sildenafil was safe to use in individuals treated with vericiguat."	( Evaluation of the Influence of Sildenafil on the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Vericiguat in Healthy Adults. Becker, C; Boettcher, M; Krausche, R; Nowotny, B, 2023)
" The indicators were the ratio of reduction in lesion volume pre and posttreatment, the number of patients with improved clinical symptoms, and adverse reactions to the two drugs."	( Differences in Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus and Sildenafil in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations. Cheng, X; Feng, G; Ji, T; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ni, X; Peng, Y; Sun, N; Wang, J; Wang, S; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2023)
" Regarding safety, four patients in the sildenafil group and 23 patients in the sirolimus group with mild adverse reactions were reported."	( Differences in Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus and Sildenafil in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations. Cheng, X; Feng, G; Ji, T; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ni, X; Peng, Y; Sun, N; Wang, J; Wang, S; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2023)
" Sirolimus is more effective than sildenafil and the adverse reactions associated with both drugs are mild and controllable."	( Differences in Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus and Sildenafil in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations. Cheng, X; Feng, G; Ji, T; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ni, X; Peng, Y; Sun, N; Wang, J; Wang, S; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2023)
"Sildenafil (SF) is widely used for erectile dysfunction and other conditions, though with limitations regarding oral absorption and adverse effects."	( Chitosan Nanoparticles Alleviated the Adverse Effects of Sildenafil on the Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rats. Alian, DME; El-Khordagui, L; Haroun, M; Nounou, MI; Patel, A; Sheweita, SA, 2023)
" Although adding Sildenafil to the freezing medium decreased the adverse effects of freezing on the sperm of asthenozoospermic patients and improved sperm quality, but it also caused premature acrosome reaction."	( Sildenafil citrate ameliorates the adverse effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality in asthenozoospermic men. Cheraghi, E; Kohzadi, R; Mehranjani, MS; Shariatzadeh, M, 2023)

Excerpt	Reference
" With the exception of male rat, Tmax occurred at approximately 1 h or less."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sildenafil in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog and man. Ackland, MJ; James, GC; Muirhead, GJ; Rance, DJ; Walker, DK; Wastall, P; Wright, PA, 1999)
"To investigate the effect of the antiretroviral protease inhibitors saquinavir (soft gelatin capsule) and ritonavir on the pharmacokinetic properties and tolerability of sildenafil and to investigate the effect of sildenafil on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of saquinavir and ritonavir."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between sildenafil and saquinavir/ritonavir. Buss, N; Fielding, A; Kleinermans, D; Muirhead, GJ; Wulff, MB, 2000)
"Both protease inhibitors significantly increased Cmax, AUC, tmax and t(1/2) values for both sildenafil and UK-103, 320."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between sildenafil and saquinavir/ritonavir. Buss, N; Fielding, A; Kleinermans, D; Muirhead, GJ; Wulff, MB, 2000)
" Absolute bioavailability was determined by comparing pharmacokinetic data after administration of single oral and intravenous 50-mg doses of sildenafil (n=12 subjects)."	( Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality. Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Nichols, DJ, 2002)
" Food slowed the rate of absorption, delaying mean tmax by approximately 1 h and reducing Cmax by 29% (90% CI: 19--38)."	( Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality. Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Nichols, DJ, 2002)
"Significant differences in Cmax and AUC were observed between the young and the elderly subjects for both the parent drug and the metabolite."	( The effects of age and renal and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil. Colburn, W; Haug-Pihale, G; Muirhead, GJ; Rouviex, B; Wilner, K, 2002)
"To examine the effect of concomitant cimetidine or antacid administration on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers in two open-label, randomized studies."	( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers. Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)
"Coadministration of cimetidine had no statistically significant effect on the tmax or kel of sildenafil but caused a statistically significant increase in sildenafil AUCt and Cmax of 56% and 54%, respectively (P<0."	( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers. Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)
" Antacid coadministration had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil."	( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers. Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)
"Repeated dosing with erythromycin caused statistically significant increases in the AUC and Cmax of sildenafil (2."	( The effects of steady-state erythromycin and azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy volunteers. Faulkner, S; Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Taubel, J, 2002)
"A population pharmacokinetic sampling strategy was incorporated into five phase III clinical study protocols."	( A population pharmacokinetic analysis of sildenafil citrate in patients with erectile dysfunction. Karlsson, MO; Marshall, SF; Milligan, PA, 2002)
" Five HIV-infected patients on steady-state nelfinavir-containing therapy were subject to pharmacokinetic sampling for nelfinavir concentration twice: without sildenafil and with sildenafil 25 mg as a single dose."	( Sildenafil does not alter nelfinavir pharmacokinetics. Bratt, G; Ståhle, L, 2003)
" The clinical efficacy and safety profiles of these medications are related to their molecular mode of action, the selectivity for PDE-5, and the pharmacokinetic properties (absorption, bioavailability, time to onset of action, distribution, metabolism, and elimination)."	( Molecular mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of phosphodiesterase-5 antagonists. Corbin, JD; Francis, SH, 2003)
" The clearance of sildenafil citrate, a highly effective oral treatment for ED, is decreased in men with severe renal insufficiency, but the pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic profiles during maintenance hemodialysis in men with end-stage renal disease have not been studied."	( The pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics of sildenafil citrate in male hemodialysis patients. Chow, D; Chung, M; DeRiesthal, H; Gaffney, M; Grossman, EB; Muirhead, GJ; Raij, L; Swan, SK, 2004)
" Administration after hemodialysis was associated with a 17% higher peak plasma concentration and earlier time to peak, which were not clinically meaningful, whereas the overall extent of absorption and the elimination half-life were not affected."	( The pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics of sildenafil citrate in male hemodialysis patients. Chow, D; Chung, M; DeRiesthal, H; Gaffney, M; Grossman, EB; Muirhead, GJ; Raij, L; Swan, SK, 2004)
"The present study demonstrates that sildenafil is not cleared by hemodialysis, and the pharmacokinetic profile resembles more closely that observed in normal volunteers than that observed in patients with severe renal insufficiency."	( The pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics of sildenafil citrate in male hemodialysis patients. Chow, D; Chung, M; DeRiesthal, H; Gaffney, M; Grossman, EB; Muirhead, GJ; Raij, L; Swan, SK, 2004)
"1 mg/kg vardenafil is limited by its pharmacokinetic properties (Tmax=1 h; T1/2=1."	( Vardenafil preclinical trial data: potency, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and adverse events. Bischoff, E, 2004)
" This review comparatively discusses the major characteristics of the pharmacokinetic profile of all 3 PDE5 inhibitors, including bioavailability and rate of absorption, Biopharmaceutical Classification System categorization, elimination mechanisms, and metabolic profile including active metabolites, as well as the drug-drug interaction potential and modification of pharmacokinetic properties under selected physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. Gupta, M; Kovar, A; Meibohm, B, 2005)
"Potential pharmacokinetic interactions between dapoxetine, a serotonin transporter inhibitor developed for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE), and the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors tadalafil and sildenafil, agents used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), were investigated in an open-label, randomized, crossover study (n=24 men) comparing dapoxetine 60 mg, dapoxetine 60 mg+tadalafil 20 mg, and dapoxetine 60 mg+sildenafil 100 mg."	( Dapoxetine, a novel treatment for premature ejaculation, does not have pharmacokinetic interactions with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Desai, D; Dresser, MJ; Gidwani, S; Modi, NB; Seftel, AD, )
" The method was developed and validated for purposes of its application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers after an oral dose of 50mg/tablet under fasting conditions."	( Simultaneous determination of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography method using electrochemical detection with application to a pharmacokinetic study. Aburuz, S; Al-Ghazawi, M; Tutunji, M, 2007)
" This method has been used in a pharmacokinetic study of aildenafil in healthy male volunteers each given an oral administration of one of the three dosages."	( Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay to determine the pharmacokinetics of aildenafil in human plasma. Cui, Y; Gu, J; Jiang, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2007)
"The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions in healthy volunteers between sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, and bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, both approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)."	( Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil. Burgess, G; Collings, L; Dingemanse, J; Hoogkamer, H, 2008)
"In healthy volunteers, there is a mutual pharmacokinetic interaction between bosentan and sildenafil that may influence the dosage of each drug in a combination treatment."	( Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil. Burgess, G; Collings, L; Dingemanse, J; Hoogkamer, H, 2008)
" In comparison with healthy subjects, the maximal concentration in plasma (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC), and elimination half-life of sildenafil were approximately doubled in the patient."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sildenafil in a patient treated with human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors. Aschmann, YZ; Azzola, A; Bodmer, M; Haschke, M; Krähenbühl, S; Kummer, O; Linka, A; Wenk, M, 2008)
" After intravenous and oral administration of DA-8159, most of the pharmacokinetic parameters of DA-8159 and DA-8164 were not significantly different between two groups of rats."	( Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the pharmacokinetics of DA-8159, a new erectogenic, in rats. Kim, WB; Kim, YC; Kwon, JW; Lee, JH; Lee, MG, 2005)
" The potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction exists when sildenafil and DRV/r are co-administered, as these drugs are primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and darunavir and ritonavir are CYP3A inhibitors."	( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles of sildenafil, N-desmethyl sildenafil, darunavir and ritonavir were determined."	( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)
" When sildenafil 25 mg was co-administered with DRV/r, the sildenafil maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 38% lower compared with Cmax after administration of sildenafil alone at a dose of 100 mg."	( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)
" A mixed-effects pharmacokinetic model that included two-compartment disposition of sildenafil and its metabolite and an effect of postnatal age on sildenafil clearance was used to describe plasma concentration-time data of parent and metabolite."	( Population pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in term neonates: evidence of rapid maturation of metabolic clearance in the early postnatal period. Dombi, T; Lalonde, R; Mukherjee, A; Wittke, B, 2009)
"The pharmacokinetic interaction between sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, and ambrisentan, an ET(A)-selective, propanoic acid-based endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), was studied in a 2-period crossover study in 19 healthy volunteers, with ambrisentan exposure (AUC(0-infinity)) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) determined over 24 hours for a 10-mg dose of ambrisentan alone and again after 7 days of sildenafil 20 mg 3 times daily."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of ambrisentan in combination with sildenafil in healthy volunteers. Dufton, C; Mandagere, A; Spence, R; Venitz, J, 2008)
" In vivo pharmacokinetic performance of the selected system ME6 (with no nasal ciliotoxicity) was evaluated in a group of six rabbits in a randomized crossover study and compared to the marketed oral tablets."	( Intranasal microemulsion of sildenafil citrate: in vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits. Bendas, ER; Elshafeey, AH; Mohamed, OH, 2009)
" The focus of this study was to determine the influence of sildenafil on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pregabalin with the objective of informing the design of a quantitative pharmacodynamic (PD) study."	( Population pharmacokinetic model of the pregabalin-sildenafil interaction in rats: application of simulation to preclinical PK-PD study design. Bender, G; Bies, R; Danhof, M; DeJongh, J; Field, M; Florian, J; Gosset, J; Marshall, S; Tan, K, 2009)
" * There is a significant pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between the ETRA bosentan and the phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitor sildenafil."	( The effects of sitaxentan on sildenafil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy subjects. Kramer, WG; Stavros, F; Wilkins, MR, 2010)
"This study evaluated the effects of sitaxentan on the pharmacodynamic [systemic blood pressure (BP)] and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of sildenafil in healthy volunteers."	( The effects of sitaxentan on sildenafil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy subjects. Kramer, WG; Stavros, F; Wilkins, MR, 2010)
"The purpose of our study was to characterize the hemodynamic and corresponding pharmacokinetic responses to a single dose of oral sildenafil by children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing invasive testing."	( Pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic responses to oral sildenafil during invasive testing in children with pulmonary hypertension. Apitz, C; Holtby, H; Humpl, T; Redington, AN; Reyes, JT, 2010)
" The population pharmacokinetic parameters of bosentan were estimated by use of the NONMEM program, in which a one-compartment model with repetitive bolus dosing was parameterized in terms of the oral clearance (CL/F) and elimination rate constant (k)."	( Pharmacokinetics of bosentan in routinely treated Japanese pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Akita, C; Hashimoto, Y; Hirono, K; Horiuchi, I; Ichida, F; Kato, Y; Miyawaki, T; Nakamura, T; Nakayama, T; Saji, T; Taguchi, M; Yoshimura, N, 2011)
" This chromatographic procedure was then applied to the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats for determining the advantages of intranasal administration of the drug over oral administration."	( Rapid and sensitive determination of udenafil in plasma by LC-MS/MS for intranasal pharmacokinetic study in rats. Cha, BJ; Cho, HJ; Chung, SJ; Kang, SK; Kim, DD; Kim, JH; Kim, JS; Kim, KM; Ku, WS; Shim, CK; Yoon, IS, 2011)
" The clinical pharmacokinetic and safety profile has enabled us to progress the compound to test its efficacy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and a paper describing its efficacy has recently been published."	( The discovery of UK-369003, a novel PDE5 inhibitor with the potential for oral bioavailability and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. Ballard, S; Barber, C; Barker, L; Beaumont, K; Bunnage, M; Cole, S; Corless, M; Denton, S; Ellis, D; Floc'h, M; Foster, L; Gosset, J; Holmwood, F; Lane, C; Leahy, D; Mathias, J; Maw, G; Million, W; Poinsard, C; Price, J; Rawson, DJ; Russel, R; Street, S; Watson, L, 2012)
" We constructed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for 3 nonrenally eliminated drugs (sildenafil, repaglinide, and telithromycin)."	( Evaluation of exposure change of nonrenally eliminated drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. Abernethy, DR; Arya, V; Atkinson, AJ; Berglund, EG; Grillo, JA; Huang, SM; Lesko, LJ; Pang, KS; Reynolds, KS; Song, P; Sugiyama, Y; Vieira, Mde L; Wu, TC; Zhang, L; Zhao, P; Zheng, JH, 2012)
" This study was designed to evaluate the presence of a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between treprostinil diolamine and sildenafil."	( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between treprostinil diolamine and sildenafil in healthy adult volunteers. Gotzkowsky, SK; Kumar, P; Laliberte, K; Mottola, D, 2013)
"The goal of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of a newly developed ODF formulation with those of a FCT formulation of sildenafil in healthy Korean male volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of an orally disintegrating film formulation with a film-coated tablet formulation of sildenafil in healthy Korean subjects: a randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-period crossover study. Kim, H; Kim, HS; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Yeon, KJ, 2013)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for sildenafil and its active metabolite (N-desmethyl sildenafil)."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of an orally disintegrating film formulation with a film-coated tablet formulation of sildenafil in healthy Korean subjects: a randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-period crossover study. Kim, H; Kim, HS; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Yeon, KJ, 2013)
" In both parts, all the primary pharmacokinetic parameters were included in the range for assumed bioequivalence in sildenafil, yielding 90% CI ratios of 91."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of an orally disintegrating film formulation with a film-coated tablet formulation of sildenafil in healthy Korean subjects: a randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-period crossover study. Kim, H; Kim, HS; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Yeon, KJ, 2013)
" The pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of sildenafil (10 mg/kg) was significantly decreased in groups that received a high dose of Epimedium sagittatum extract."	( Herb-drug interaction of Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) maxim extract on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in rats. Chiu, AW; Hsueh, TY; Lin, CH; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH; Wu, YT, 2013)
" Pharmacokinetic studies on rats showed that the glutarate salt exhibits doubled plasma AUC values in a single dose within an hour compared to the citrate salt."	( Salt and cocrystals of sildenafil with dicarboxylic acids: solubility and pharmacokinetic advantage of the glutarate salt. Desiraju, GR; Ganguly, S; Sanphui, P; Tothadi, S, 2013)
" When sildenafil ODTs were given with water, the 90% CIs for sildenafil AUC0-∞ and AUC0-last were contained within the range of 80% to 125%; however, the 90% CI for sildenafil Cmax was not (79."	( Pharmacokinetics of a novel orodispersible tablet of sildenafil in healthy subjects. Coupe, A; Crownover, P; Damle, B; Duczynski, G; Jeffers, BW; LaBadie, RR, 2014)
"Although both POPPK and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can account for age and other covariates within a paediatric population, they generally do not account for real-time growth and maturation of the individuals through the time course of drug exposure; this may be significant in prolonged neonatal studies."	( Changes in individual drug-independent system parameters during virtual paediatric pharmacokinetic trials: introducing time-varying physiology into a paediatric PBPK model. Abduljalil, K; Jamei, M; Johnson, TN; Rostami-Hodjegan, A, 2014)
"To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and to assess bioequivalence of a newly developed orally soluble film formulation of sildenafil, taken without water, with those of a conventional formulation of sildenafil."	( Pharmacokinetics of a new orally soluble film formulation of sildenafil administered without water. Chae, SW; Im, YJ; Jeon, JY; Kim, EY; Kim, HI; Kim, MG; Kim, Y; Lee, JY; Lee, SY; Park, JK; Park, SJ; Seo, YH; Shin, KS, 2014)
" The geometric mean (CV%) for Cmax in the OSF and FCT formulations were 267."	( Pharmacokinetics of a new orally soluble film formulation of sildenafil administered without water. Chae, SW; Im, YJ; Jeon, JY; Kim, EY; Kim, HI; Kim, MG; Kim, Y; Lee, JY; Lee, SY; Park, JK; Park, SJ; Seo, YH; Shin, KS, 2014)
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of sildenafil were similar between granular and tablet formulations."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of sildenafil granules and sildenafil tablets in Korean healthy volunteers. Kim, BH; Zheng, R, 2014)
"To study the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil in healthy male subjects."	( Investigation of mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between macitentan, a novel endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil in healthy subjects. Dingemanse, J; Sidharta, PN; van Giersbergen, PL; Wolzt, M, 2014)
"A minor, not clinically relevant, pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between macitentan and sildenafil."	( Investigation of mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between macitentan, a novel endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil in healthy subjects. Dingemanse, J; Sidharta, PN; van Giersbergen, PL; Wolzt, M, 2014)
" AUC0-t , Cmax and Tmax were 2285."	( Simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma by UFLC coupled with ESI-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in Malay population. Liew, KB; Loh, GO; Peh, KK; Tan, YT, 2015)
" Additional blood samples were collected at various times on the last day of treatment to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between Kaempferia parviflora extract and sildenafil in rats. Mekjaruskul, C; Sripanidkulchai, B, 2015)
" As boceprevir is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, potential pharmacokinetic interactions may occur when it is coadministered with sildenafil."	( A Phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of boceprevir and sildenafil when dosed separately and together, in healthy male volunteers. Back, D; Cooke, G; Else, L; Goldmeier, D; Khoo, S; Mears, A; Mora-Peris, B; Weston, R; Winston, A, 2015)
" Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken on Days 0, 15 and 16."	( A Phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of boceprevir and sildenafil when dosed separately and together, in healthy male volunteers. Back, D; Cooke, G; Else, L; Goldmeier, D; Khoo, S; Mears, A; Mora-Peris, B; Weston, R; Winston, A, 2015)
" The proposed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats."	( Sensitive and precise HPLC method with back-extraction clean-up step for the determination of sildenafil in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Jachowicz, R; Krupa, A; Pociecha, K; Strach, B; Wyska, E, 2015)
"A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using data from 20 single ventricle children receiving single-dose intravenous sildenafil during cardiac catheterisation."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous sildenafil in children with palliated single ventricle heart defects: effect of elevated hepatic pressures. Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hill, KD; Li, JS; Sampson, MR; Schulman, SR; Tunks, RD, 2016)
"The analysis included a median (range) of 4 (2-5) pharmacokinetic samples per child."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous sildenafil in children with palliated single ventricle heart defects: effect of elevated hepatic pressures. Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hill, KD; Li, JS; Sampson, MR; Schulman, SR; Tunks, RD, 2016)
"A physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed by combining observations from clinical studies and physicochemical parameters as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters determined in vitro."	( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Macitentan: Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions. Buchmann, S; de Kanter, R; Delahaye, S; Gnerre, C; Kohl, C; Segrestaa, J; Sidharta, PN; Treiber, A, 2016)
" In adults, the pharmacodynamic effects of the different medications are tested using the 6-minute walking test, changes in the NYHA classification, or by invasive measurement of pulmonary pressure."	( Pharmacodynamic considerations in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in infants: challenges and future perspectives. Cochius-den Otter, S; Kraemer, U; Snoek, KG; Tibboel, D, 2016)
" Pharmacokinetic properties of sildenafil in rodents were investigated using (11) C-radiolabeling followed by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo tissue dissection and gamma counting."	( Pharmacokinetic investigation of sildenafil using positron emission tomography and determination of its effect on cerebrospinal fluid cGMP levels. Cuadrado-Tejedor, M; Dopeso-Reyes, IG; Franco, R; García-Barroso, C; García-Osta, A; Gómez-Vallejo, V; Lanciego, JL; Llop, J; Oyarzabal, J; Szczupak, B; Ugarte, A, 2016)
" Formulation 2 had a lower Cmax for sildenafil, 173 ng ml(-1) (95% CI 126, 220) and a lower AUC, 476 ng ml(-1) h (95% CI 401, 551) than formulation 1, 268 ng ml(-1) (95% CI 188, 348) and 577 ng ml(-1) h (95% CI 462, 692), respectively."	( Single dose sublingual testosterone and oral sildenafil vs. a dual route/dual release fixed dose combination tablet: a pharmacokinetic comparison. Bloemers, J; de Leede, L; Frijlink, HW; Koppeschaar, HP; Olivier, B; Tuiten, A; van Rooij, K, 2016)
"5 h according to the pharmacokinetic studies."	( Rapid-Onset Sildenafil Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits. Chen, RN; Chou, PY; Ho, HO; Hsieh, CM; Sheu, MT, 2016)
" The pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil was similar to previously published studies."	( A Phase I study to determine the pharmacokinetic profile, safety and tolerability of sildenafil (Revatio Brunskill, N; Dott, W; Kumar, T; Morris, T; Murphy, GJ; Ring, A; Sullo, N; Vaja, R; Verheyden, V; Wozniak, M, 2017)
"Pre-administration of Eruca sativa has increased Sildenafil Cmax from 226."	( The influence of Eruca sativa (Arugula) on pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil in rats. Arafat, T; Awad, R; Dayyih, WA; Elhajji, FD; Mallah, E; Mima, M; Rayyan, WA; Saleh, S, 2017)
" In rabbits, pregnancy impacts PK parameters of sildenafil and its metabolite, leading to an increased peak concentration and 24 h exposure for sildenafil and a decreased 24 h exposure for desmethylsildenafil."	( Pregnancy affects the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil and its metabolite in the rabbit. Allegaert, K; Deprest, J; Krekels, EH; Mian, P; Russo, FM; Tibboel, D; Van Calsteren, K, 2019)
"In healthy men, sublingual and supralingual administration of sildenafil ODF resulted in a remarkably similar pharmacokinetic profile and confirmed the safety of both study treatments."	( Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men. Frangione, V; Leuratti, C; Loprete, L; Radicioni, M, 2018)
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) after EA and sildenafil administration (10 mg/Kg)."	( Investigation of Interactive Activity of Electro-Acupuncture on Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil and Their Synergistic Effect on Penile Blood Flow in Rats. Cheng, YY; Chiu, AW; Dubey, NK; Huang, AC; Tsai, TH; Yeh, KY, 2018)
" The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacokinetic profiles by oral administration of orally disintegrating film (ODF) and film coated tablet (FCT) formulations and rectal administration of ODF formulation in healthy dogs."	( Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after oral and rectal administration in healthy beagle dogs. Jeong, JW; Koo, TS; Oh, YI; Seo, KW; Song, KH; Yang, HJ, 2018)
"There were no significant differences in all the pharmacokinetic parameters between FCT and ODF formulations when administrated orally."	( Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after oral and rectal administration in healthy beagle dogs. Jeong, JW; Koo, TS; Oh, YI; Seo, KW; Song, KH; Yang, HJ, 2018)
" Sildenafil Cmax (156."	( Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil in Patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Word of Caution. Cox, ZL; Haglund, N; Johnson, DC; Keebler, M; Sabato, LA, 2019)
" Among them, compound 15 (TPN171) with subnanomolar potency for PDE5 and good selectivity over PDE6 was finally recognized as a potential drug candidate, and its pharmacokinetic profiles in rats and dogs are significantly improved compared to the starting compound (3)."	( Pharmacokinetics-Driven Optimization of 4(3 H)-Pyrimidinones as Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Leading to TPN171, a Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Aisa, HA; Gong, X; He, Y; Jiang, H; Jiang, X; Li, J; Liu, Z; Shen, J; Shi, J; Suo, J; Tian, G; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Wu, J; Xu, Y; Xu, Z; Yang, R; Yang, X; Zhang, R; Zhang, X; Zhu, W; Zou, X, 2019)
" The higher variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters in the fasted state was caused by severely delayed rupture in one-third of the women."	( The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil after Single Administration of a Sublingual Testosterone and Oral Sildenafil Combination Tablet in Healthy Female Subjects. Bloemers, J; de Leede, L; Frijlink, HW; Gerritsen, J; Koppeschaar, HPF; Olivier, B; Tuiten, A; van der Geest, R; van Rooij, K, 2019)
"We developed a pharmacokinetic model of intravenous sildenafil in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) to achieve a target plasma concentration of over 50 μg/l."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling of intravenous sildenafil in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Allegaert, K; Cochius-den Otter, SCM; de Winter, BCM; Kipfmueller, F; Koch, BCP; Mueller, A; Tibboel, D, 2020)
" The plasma concentrations of sildenafil were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of single dose sildenafil orally administered in canine models of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension. Akabane, R; Miyagawa, Y; Miyakawa, H; Nagakawa, M; Ogawa, M; Sakatani, A; Sato, T; Takemura, N; Tazaki, H, 2020)
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling permits clinical scientists to reduce practical constraints for clinical trials on patients with special diseases."	( The Effect of Liver and Kidney Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Sildenafil: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Ghoneim, AM; Mansour, SM, 2020)
"The PBPK model adequately predicted the pharmacokinetic parameters of clozapine and sildenafil for the healthy adult population."	( The Effect of Liver and Kidney Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Sildenafil: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Ghoneim, AM; Mansour, SM, 2020)
" For pharmacokinetic analysis, blood was analyzed for 24 hours."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
"When comparing taking drugs on an empty stomach, the 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the ratios of the mean Cmax and AUC0-t values of sildenafil were 82-106% and 82-101%, respectively."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence of two sildenafil tablets (20 mg) in healthy Chinese subjects."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil applied in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in a Chinese population. Cai, H; Guan, H; He, B; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, W; Wang, X; Yin, Y; Zhang, B, 2021)
" ANOVA was used to check the difference of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two preparations."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil applied in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in a Chinese population. Cai, H; Guan, H; He, B; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, W; Wang, X; Yin, Y; Zhang, B, 2021)
"The UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully established to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of sildenafil in healthy Chinese subjects."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil applied in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in a Chinese population. Cai, H; Guan, H; He, B; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, W; Wang, X; Yin, Y; Zhang, B, 2021)
" Plasma sildenafil concentrations were sampled at regular intervals to establish the pharmacokinetic profile using population pharmacokinetic modeling."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sildenafil in fetal lambs on extracorporeal support. Allegaert, K; Annaert, P; Coons, BE; Davey, MG; De Bie, FR; Deprest, J; Flake, AW; Moon, JK; Omann, C; Pang, C; Russo, FM; Senra, JC; Van Brantegem, P; Yang, Z, 2021)
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of sildenafil were calculated by non-compartmental analysis."	( Influence of methylxanthines isolated from Bancha green tea on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in rats. Georgiev, KD; Hvarchanova, N; Radeva-Llieva, M; Stoeva, S; Zhelev, I, 2022)
" Safety, hemodynamic changes, and pharmacokinetic effects were assessed."	( Evaluation of the Influence of Sildenafil on the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Vericiguat in Healthy Adults. Becker, C; Boettcher, M; Krausche, R; Nowotny, B, 2023)

Excerpt	Reference
" Patients were treated with sildenafil citrate alone or in combination with intracavernosal injection therapy."	( Treatment of intracorporeal injection nonresponse with sildenafil alone or in combination with triple agent intracorporeal injection therapy. Johnson, H; McMahon, CG; Samali, R, 1999)
" Sildenafil in combination with intracavernosal injection is associated with a 33% incidence of adverse effects, including a 20% incidence of dizziness."	( Treatment of intracorporeal injection nonresponse with sildenafil alone or in combination with triple agent intracorporeal injection therapy. Johnson, H; McMahon, CG; Samali, R, 1999)
" Large and sudden decreases in systemic blood pressure were reported in a substantial number of patients taking sildenafil citrate combined with nitroglycerin."	( Effects of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) combined with nitrate on the heart. Beppu, S; Hamada, T; Ishikura, F; Khandheria, BK; Nehra, A; Seward, JB, 2000)
" Until the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), there was little information available on how common drugs interact with anti-HIV treatments."	( Drug interactions studied at ICAAC. Gaylord, G, 1999)
"To evaluate which vasoactive agents have synergistic effects on the cavernosal smooth muscles of rabbits and rats when the agents are combined with sildenafil."	( Synergistic effects of sildenafil on relaxation of rabbit and rat cavernosal smooth muscles when combined with various vasoactive agents. Jun, IO; Kim, SC; Lee, MY; Oh, MM; Seo, KK, 2001)
" There was significant synergism on rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle when the sildenafil was combined with forskolin, sodium nitroprusside, VIP or phentolamine."	( Synergistic effects of sildenafil on relaxation of rabbit and rat cavernosal smooth muscles when combined with various vasoactive agents. Jun, IO; Kim, SC; Lee, MY; Oh, MM; Seo, KK, 2001)
" The present study is a clinical follow-up of patients treated with different therapeutical regimens to document the effectiveness of Sildenafil in combination with DHE."	( Drug combinations in the therapy of low response to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in patients with erectile dysfunction. Behm, A; Dunzendorfer, A; Dunzendorfer, E; Dunzendorfer, U, )
" Higher levels of NO, theoretically, should produce increased penile blood flow with the potential for a synergistic effect when combined with a PDE5 inhibitor."	( Effect of PDE5 inhibition combined with free oxygen radical scavenger therapy on erectile function in a diabetic animal model. Brock, GB; De Young, L; Freeman, D; Yu, D, 2003)
"We evaluated the efficacy of testosterone gel (T-gel) alone and in combination with sildenafil in hypogonadal patients with erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( Does sildenafil combined with testosterone gel improve erectile dysfunction in hypogonadal men in whom testosterone supplement therapy alone failed? Chen, J; Greenstein, A; Kaver, I; Mabjeesh, NJ; Matzkin, H; Sofer, M, 2005)
"Sildenafil in combination with CPAP appears clearly superior to CPAP alone."	( Sildenafil combined with continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnea. Karkoulias, K; Konstantinopoulos, A; Markou, S; Perimeni, P; Perimenis, P; Spyropoulos, K, 2007)
"The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of fluoxetine alone and combined with sildenafil in patients complaining of premature ejaculation."	( Effect of fluoxetine alone and in combination with sildenafil in patients with premature ejaculation. Hosseini, MM; Yarmohammadi, H, 2007)
"Fluoxetine combined with sildenafil seems to provide significantly better ejaculatory latency time and intercourse satisfaction as compared with fluoxetine alone in patients with premature ejaculation."	( Effect of fluoxetine alone and in combination with sildenafil in patients with premature ejaculation. Hosseini, MM; Yarmohammadi, H, 2007)
"Data ascertained in a study of club drug use among 450 gay and bisexual men indicate that at least one class of PDE-5 (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, sildenafil [Viagra]) is used frequently in combination with club drugs such as methamphetamine, MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine [ecstasy]), ketamine, cocaine, and GHB (gamma hydroxy butyrate)."	( Sildenafil (Viagra) and club drug use in gay and bisexual men: the role of drug combinations and context. Green, KA; Halkitis, PN, 2007)
" Interaction with fosamprenavir/ritonavir is not clinically significant, although their plasma levels vary slightly when used in combination with ETR."	( [Etravirine drug interactions]. Pérez, VE; Sánchez-Parra, C; Serrano Villar, S, 2009)
" While sildenafil produced no change in plasma NOx concentrations, S-methylisothiourea alone or combined with sildenafil blunted APE-induced increases in NOx concentrations."	( Hemodynamic effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition combined with sildenafil during acute pulmonary embolism. Dias-Junior, CA; Montenegro, MF; Neto-Neves, EM; Tanus-Santos, JE, 2010)
"In our study, we investigated the efficacy of everolimus in combination with sildenafil on hemodynamic and morphological parameters in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH)."	( Effects of everolimus in combination with sildenafil in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Atli, O; Burukoglu, D; Ilgin, S; Sirmagul, B, 2012)
"Perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available prospective and cross-sectional studies on the use of PDE5-Is alone or in combination with α1-adrenergic blockers in patients with LUTS/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)."	( A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with α-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Carini, M; Corona, G; Gacci, M; Kaplan, SA; Maggi, M; McVary, KT; Mirone, V; Roehrborn, CG; Salvi, M; Serni, S; Vignozzi, L, 2012)
"To investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine (LC) combined with sildenafil on the reproductive endocrine function of male rats with diabetes mellitus (DM)."	( [Protective effect of L-carnitine combined with sildenafil on the reproductive endocrine function of diabetic male rats]. Cui, YX; Huang, YF; Kang, N; Shang, XJ; Shi, ZR; Xia, XY; Zhan, XX, 2012)
"We investigated if soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation either alone or in combination with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibition could prevent pressure overload-induced right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure."	( The effects of cyclic guanylate cyclase stimulation on right ventricular hypertrophy and failure alone and in combination with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. Andersen, A; Holmboe, S; Nielsen, JM; Nielsen-Kudsk, JE; Vildbrad, MD, 2013)
"Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase by BAY 41-2272 alone or in combination with sildenafil failed to prevent the development of RV hypertrophy and failure in rats subjected to pulmonary trunk banding."	( The effects of cyclic guanylate cyclase stimulation on right ventricular hypertrophy and failure alone and in combination with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. Andersen, A; Holmboe, S; Nielsen, JM; Nielsen-Kudsk, JE; Vildbrad, MD, 2013)
" We outline the likely interplay of patient characteristics, drug synergy and drug-drug interactions in the development of his ototoxicity."	( Sildenafil and furosemide associated ototoxicity: consideration of drug-drug interactions, synergy, and broader clinical relevance. Farquhar, D; Kim, RB; Mehta, S; Skeith, L; Yamashita, C, 2013)
"This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term and low-dose tadalafil combined with sildenafil as needed at the early stage of treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( Efficacy and safety of long-term tadalafil 5 mg once daily combined with sildenafil 50 mg as needed at the early stage of treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction. Cui, H; Deng, Y; Fang, J; Liu, B; Song, Z; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Zhang, S, 2015)
" In an explorative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study we investigated the possible effects of sublingual testosterone combined with a serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonist, and of sublingual testosterone combined with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-i) on sexual functioning in women with SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction."	( Efficacy of testosterone combined with a PDE5 inhibitor and testosterone combined with a serotonin (1A) receptor agonist in women with SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. A preliminary study. Bloemers, J; Goldstein, A; Koppeschaar, H; Olivier, B; Poels, S; Tuiten, A; van Rooij, K; Worst, P, 2015)
"This example of the application of PBPK modeling to predict drug-drug interactions was used to support the labeling of macitentan (Opsumit)."	( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Macitentan: Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions. Buchmann, S; de Kanter, R; Delahaye, S; Gnerre, C; Kohl, C; Segrestaa, J; Sidharta, PN; Treiber, A, 2016)
" These results suggested that CNP in combination with sildenafil exerts antiproliferative effects on RMS cells by inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway."	( C-type natriuretic peptide in combination with sildenafil attenuates proliferation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Hosoda, H; Kangawa, K; Kimura, T; Miura, K; Miyazato, M; Nakahata, K; Nojiri, T; Okuyama, H; Uehara, S; Zenitani, M, 2016)
" Mice bearing DA3 mammary adenocarcinoma with metastases were treated with DaRT wires in combination with a MDSC inhibitor (sildenafil), Treg inhibitor (cyclophosphamide at low dose), and the immunostimulant, CpG."	( Inhibition of mouse breast adenocarcinoma growth by ablation with intratumoral alpha-irradiation combined with inhibitors of immunosuppression and CpG. Confino, H; Efrati, M; Hochman, I; Keisari, Y; Kelson, I; Schmidt, M; Umansky, V, 2016)
"The stability of sildenafil in combination with heparin and dopamine was evaluated."	( Stability of sildenafil in combination with heparin and dopamine. Brown, SD; Luu, Y; Thigpen, J, 2017)
" The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of icariin in combination with daily sildenafil on neurogenic erectile dysfunction and penile atrophy in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerves injury."	( Effect of icariin in combination with daily sildenafil on penile atrophy and erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerves injury. Fu, X; Guan, R; Lei, H; Wu, Y; Xin, H; Xin, Z; Xu, Y; Yang, Y, 2017)
"To make a real-world study on the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) that failed to respond to TCM medication."	( [Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with sildenafil in the treatment of ED in Chinese men： A real-world study]. Chang, DG; Chen, L; Gao, QH; Geng, Q; Guo, J; Ou-Yang, B; Wang, F; Yu, C; Yu, GJ; Zhang, R; Zhang, XJ, 2017)
" We administered TCM combined with sildenafil (Viagra, Pfizer Pharmaceutical Co."	( [Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with sildenafil in the treatment of ED in Chinese men： A real-world study]. Chang, DG; Chen, L; Gao, QH; Geng, Q; Guo, J; Ou-Yang, B; Wang, F; Yu, C; Yu, GJ; Zhang, R; Zhang, XJ, 2017)
"TCM combined with sildenafil is safe and effective in the treatment of ED in Chinese men, which can significantly improve the IIEF-5 score and erection hardness of the patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with sildenafil in the treatment of ED in Chinese men： A real-world study]. Chang, DG; Chen, L; Gao, QH; Geng, Q; Guo, J; Ou-Yang, B; Wang, F; Yu, C; Yu, GJ; Zhang, R; Zhang, XJ, 2017)
"To explore the effect of sildenafil combined with inhalational nitric oxide (NO) therapy on the curative effects and serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and calcium in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)."	( Study on sildenafil combined with inhalational nitric oxide therapy on the curative effects and serum levels of HIF-1α, ET-1, and calcium in neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Li, ZG; Liu, G; Wu, HW, 2018)
"Sildenafil combined with inhalational NO therapy for neonatal pulmonary hypertension can quickly improve oxygenation, effectively reduce pulmonary arterial hypertension, and is worthy of clinical application."	( Study on sildenafil combined with inhalational nitric oxide therapy on the curative effects and serum levels of HIF-1α, ET-1, and calcium in neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Li, ZG; Liu, G; Wu, HW, 2018)
"To study the tocolytic action of nifedipine combined with sildenafil citrate (SC) and if the combination is superior to nifedipine alone in inhibiting threatened preterm labour (PTL)."	( Nifedipine alone or combined with sildenafil citrate for management of threatened preterm labour: a randomised trial. El-Khadry, SW; Maher, MA; Sayyed, TM, 2019)
" Nifedipine combined with SC was associated with more women remaining undelivered (81."	( Nifedipine alone or combined with sildenafil citrate for management of threatened preterm labour: a randomised trial. El-Khadry, SW; Maher, MA; Sayyed, TM, 2019)
"Vaginal SC combined with nifedipine is an effective option for tocolytic therapy during threatened PTL."	( Nifedipine alone or combined with sildenafil citrate for management of threatened preterm labour: a randomised trial. El-Khadry, SW; Maher, MA; Sayyed, TM, 2019)
" In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method using thin layer chromatography (TLC) combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed for identification of sildenafil adulteration in herbal drugs and dietary supplements."	( Detection of sildenafil adulterated in herbal products using thin layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: "Double coffee-ring effect" based enhancement. Anh, NTK; Ha, PTT; Huyen, NTT; Minh, DTC; Thi, LA; Van Vu, L, 2019)
" An ultralow concentration of the local anesthetic agent bupivacaine reduced 5-HT-evoked intracellular Ca2+ release, and an ultralow concentration of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil in combination with vitamin D3 reduced ATP-evoked intracellular Ca2+ release."	( Anti-inflammatory effects induced by ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine in combination with ultralow concentrations of sildenafil (Viagra) and vitamin D3 on inflammatory reactive brain astrocytes. Hansson, E; Skiöldebrand, E, 2019)
"Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A-related drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies are needed during drug development to determine clinical interaction effects."	( The utility of CYP3A activity endogenous markers for evaluating drug-drug interaction between sildenafil and CYP3A inhibitors in healthy subjects. Cho, JY; Jang, IJ; Ji, SC; Kim, AH; Lee, J; Lee, S; Lee, Y; Yoon, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2021)
"To explore the clinical value of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) combined with RigiScan-based audiovisual sexual stimulation (AVSS) test in comparison with that of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) test in evaluation of erectile function."	( [PDE-5i combined with RigiScan-based audiovisual sexual stimulation test versus nocturnal penile tumescence test in evaluation of erectile function]. Ashok, R; Dai, YT; Gao, QQ; Song, T; Sun, GH; Sun, XL; Xu, ZP; Yu, W, 2020)
"Compared with NPT test, PDE -5i combined with RigiScan-based AVSS test is simple, inexpensive, practical and with a high sensitivity and specificity, and therefore can be used as the first-choice strategy for etiological diagnosis of ED."	( [PDE-5i combined with RigiScan-based audiovisual sexual stimulation test versus nocturnal penile tumescence test in evaluation of erectile function]. Ashok, R; Dai, YT; Gao, QQ; Song, T; Sun, GH; Sun, XL; Xu, ZP; Yu, W, 2020)
"BACKGROUND To explore the efficacy of beraprost sodium combined with sildenafil and its effects on the vascular endothelial function and inflammation in left heart failure patients complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension."	( Efficacy of Beraprost Sodium Combined with Sildenafil and Its Effects on Vascular Endothelial Function and Inflammation in Patients Experiencing Left Heart Failure Complicated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Gao, B; Sun, D; Wang, Z; Yang, W, 2021)
" In this study, we validated a discriminant analysis using an ultra-compact, portable, and low-cost Raman scattering spectrometer combined with multivariate analysis."	( Detection Method of Falsified Medicines by Using a Low-Cost Raman Scattering Spectrometer Combined with Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Kimura, K; Sanada, T; Tsuboi, H; Yoshida, N, 2021)
"To provide experimental pharmacological evidence for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA ic alone or in combination with PDE5-Is for difficult-to-treat ED."	( Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined With Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Assaly, R; Behr-Roussel, D; Denys, P; Giuliano, F; Joussain, C; Laurin, M, 2022)
" OnabotulinumtoxinA 10U ic combined with sildenafil iv significantly potentiated erectile responses."	( Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined With Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Assaly, R; Behr-Roussel, D; Denys, P; Giuliano, F; Joussain, C; Laurin, M, 2022)
"First evidence of a synergistic pro-erectile effect of BTX-A combined with PDE5-I, however the mechanism behind the pro-erectile effect of BTX-A ic remains hypothetical."	( Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined With Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Assaly, R; Behr-Roussel, D; Denys, P; Giuliano, F; Joussain, C; Laurin, M, 2022)
"These results support further studies into the mechanisms behind the pro-erectile effect of BTX-A ic, as well as multicenter randomized control trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BTX-A ic combined with sildenafil for difficult-to-treat ED."	( Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined With Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Assaly, R; Behr-Roussel, D; Denys, P; Giuliano, F; Joussain, C; Laurin, M, 2022)
"The objective of our work was to analyse drug-drug interactions related to slamming."	( New Psychoactive Substances, New Behaviours, New Drug-drug Interactions: Pharmacology of a Slam Session. Aquizerate, A; Gérardin, M; Grall-Bronnec, M; Guerlais, M; Istvan, M; Laforgue, EJ; Schreck, B; Victorri-Vigneau, C, 2023)

Excerpt	Reference
" The drug is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with absolute bioavailability of 40%."	( Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Goldenberg, MM, )
" Bioavailability was attenuated by pre-systemic hepatic metabolism in all species."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sildenafil in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog and man. Ackland, MJ; James, GC; Muirhead, GJ; Rance, DJ; Walker, DK; Wastall, P; Wright, PA, 1999)
"1% when administered intravenously at 30 microg/kg to the chronically hypoxic rats and had an apparent oral bioavailability of about 19."	( 4-(3-Chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)aminophthalazines: synthesis and inhibitory activity toward phosphodiesterase 5. Adachi, H; Ishibashi, K; Ishihara, H; Kabasawa, Y; Kakiki, M; Kodama, K; Matsukura, M; Miyazaki, K; Nishino, M; Ozaki, H; Takase, Y; Watanabe, N, 2000)
"Because of extensive first-pass metabolism, oral bioavailability of sildenafil reaches only 40%."	( Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil. Bulitta, J; Fuhr, U; Hering, U; Jetter, A; Kinzig-Schippers, M; Schreiner, P; Sörgel, F; Walchner-Bonjean, M, 2002)
"Grapefruit juice increases sildenafil bioavailability and tends to delay sildenafil absorption."	( Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil. Bulitta, J; Fuhr, U; Hering, U; Jetter, A; Kinzig-Schippers, M; Schreiner, P; Sörgel, F; Walchner-Bonjean, M, 2002)
" Absolute bioavailability was determined by comparing pharmacokinetic data after administration of single oral and intravenous 50-mg doses of sildenafil (n=12 subjects)."	( Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality. Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Nichols, DJ, 2002)
"The calculated absolute oral bioavailability of sildenafil was 41% (90% CI: 36--47)."	( Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality. Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Nichols, DJ, 2002)
"Sildenafil had a mean absolute bioavailability of 41%."	( Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality. Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Nichols, DJ, 2002)
"Absorption of sildenafil after oral administration was rapid and approximately 92% whilst the absolute bioavailability was limited to 38%, due to first-pass metabolism."	( Comparative human pharmacokinetics and metabolism of single-dose oral and intravenous sildenafil. Muirhead, GJ; Rance, DJ; Walker, DK; Wastall, P, 2002)
" There was evidence of nonproportionality (40% increase on average) in relative bioavailability with respect to the 200-mg dose (P<0."	( A population pharmacokinetic analysis of sildenafil citrate in patients with erectile dysfunction. Karlsson, MO; Marshall, SF; Milligan, PA, 2002)
" Endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide, is associated with many of the common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction."	( Coronary and systemic hemodynamic effects of sildenafil citrate: from basic science to clinical studies in patients with cardiovascular disease. Gillies, HC; Jackson, G; Roblin, D, 2002)
" A bioavailability study of sildenafil was performed on one normal healthy male volunteer by analyzing sildenafil plasma concentrations with this validated HPLC method."	( Development of a liquid chromatographic method for bioanalytical applications with sildenafil. Ho, HO; Hsia, A; Sheu, MT; Wu, AB; Yeh, GC, 2003)
" The extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) of DA-8159 was 38."	( Pharmacokinetics of DA-8159, a new erectogenic, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects. Kim, DS; Kim, WB; Kim, YC; Kwon, JW; Lee, MG; Park, KJ; Shim, HJ, 2003)
" In humans, vardenafil is rapidly absorbed (Tmax approximately 40 min) and more slowly metabolized (T1/2 approximately 4 h), with an absolute bioavailability of 14."	( Vardenafil preclinical trial data: potency, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and adverse events. Bischoff, E, 2004)
" The absolute oral bioavailability is about 15%."	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of vardenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction]. Guo, Y; Jin, J, 2004)
" Chronic sildenafil may regulate the transduction pathway leading to the activation of eNOS but has no effect on NO bioavailability or on the cGMP pathway, thereby eliminating a possible concern for tachyphylaxis."	( Chronic sildenafil improves erectile function and endothelium-dependent cavernosal relaxations in rats: lack of tachyphylaxis. Alexandre, L; Behr-Roussel, D; Bernabé, J; Burgess, G; Caisey, S; Giuliano, F; Gorny, D; Mevel, K; Wayman, C, 2005)
"Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) formation in the pulmonary vasculature and negation of the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Sildenafil citrate and sildenafil nitrate (NCX 911) are potent inhibitors of superoxide formation and gp91phox expression in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Angelini, GD; Jeremy, JY; Muzaffar, S; Shukla, N; Srivastava, A, 2005)
"Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of sickle cell disease that is associated with haemolysis, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and high mortality."	( Sildenafil therapy in patients with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension. Anthi, A; Barst, RJ; Castro, O; Coles, W; Gladwin, MT; Hunter, C; Hunter, L; Kato, GJ; Machado, RF; Martyr, S; Nichols, J; Robinson, MR; Sachdev, V, 2005)
" This review comparatively discusses the major characteristics of the pharmacokinetic profile of all 3 PDE5 inhibitors, including bioavailability and rate of absorption, Biopharmaceutical Classification System categorization, elimination mechanisms, and metabolic profile including active metabolites, as well as the drug-drug interaction potential and modification of pharmacokinetic properties under selected physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. Gupta, M; Kovar, A; Meibohm, B, 2005)
" Its oral bioavailability is about 40%."	( Intestinal absorption and presystemic disposition of sildenafil citrate in the rabbit: evidence for site-dependent absorptive clearance. El Maghraby, GM; Hedaya, MA; Osman, MA, 2006)
" Its oral bioavailability is only 40% due to extensive presystemic elimination, mainly by CYP3A4."	( The effect of ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin on sildenafil oral bioavailability in human volunteers. El-Afify, DR; El-Maghraby, GM; Hedaya, MA, 2006)
" Surprisingly, we found doubled NO synthase (NOS) II and III levels, no evidence for attenuated NO bioavailability as evidenced by the nitrosative/oxidative stress marker protein nitro tyrosine, and no changes in the expression and activity of the NO receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)."	( Sildenafil in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension potentiates a compensatory up-regulation of NO-cGMP signaling. Grimminger, F; Kemp-Harper, B; Kirsch, M; Schmidt, HH; Weissmann, N, 2008)
"The purpose of the present study was to prepare intranasal delivery system of sildenafil citrate and estimate its relative bioavailability after nasal administration in rabbits to attain rapid onset of action with good efficacy at lower doses."	( Intranasal microemulsion of sildenafil citrate: in vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits. Bendas, ER; Elshafeey, AH; Mohamed, OH, 2009)
"The lack of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor effects in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) of arterial origin may be caused by an endothelial dysfunction that causes a series of biochemical alterations leading to a reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress."	( Endothelial antioxidant administration ameliorates the erectile response to PDE5 regardless of the extension of the atherosclerotic process. Calogero, AE; Condorelli, R; La Vignera, S; Vicari, E, 2010)
"Study results showed that pummelo juice reduced the rate and extent of sildenafil bioavailability to around 60% [maximum plasma concentration (C(max)); from 212."	( The effects of pummelo juice on pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy adult male Jordanian volunteers. AbuRuz, SM; Al-Ghazawi, MA; Tutunji, MS, 2010)
" Interpatient and intrapatient variability for clearance at 100% bioavailability were 87% and 27% (SIL) and 62% and 26% (DMS)."	( Sildenafil exposure in neonates with pulmonary hypertension after administration via a nasogastric tube. Ahsman, MJ; Mathot, RA; Sluiter, I; Tibboel, D; Vulto, AG; Wildschut, ED; Witjes, BC, 2010)
"The lungs of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibit decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide and downstream signaling through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)."	( Pulmonary hemodynamic response to acute combination and monotherapy with sildenafil and brain natriuretic peptide in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Alpert, MA; Carlino, C; Dellsperger, KC; Demarco, VG; Grueber, RE; Heller, RL; Schneider, RI; Tobias, JD, 2010)
"Increasing NO bioavailability improves hepatic endothelial dysfunction, which ameliorates intrahepatic resistance and portal hypertension."	( Administration of a low dose of sildenafil for 1 week decreases intrahepatic resistance in rats with biliary cirrhosis: the role of NO bioavailability. Hou, MC; Huang, YT; Lee, FY; Lee, KC; Lee, SD; Lin, HC; Yang, YY, 2010)
" We hypothesized that Ang II augmented PDE1 activation, decreasing the bioavailability of cyclic guanosine 3' 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), and contributing to increased vascular contractility."	( Decreased cGMP level contributes to increased contraction in arteries from hypertensive rats: role of phosphodiesterase 1. Carneiro, FS; Giachini, FR; Lima, VV; Tostes, RC; Webb, RC, 2011)
"To develop sildenafil lactate, a salt form of sildenafil with improved solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble sildenafil base, this salt form was prepared using a spray dryer."	( Comparison of the solubility and pharmacokinetics of sildenafil salts. Choi, HG; Jung, SY; Kim, GK; Seo, YG; Woo, JS; Yong, CS, 2011)
"Abnormal vascular activity in diabetes is related not only to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability but also to inflammatory cytokines, endothelin A receptor (ET(A) ) activation and NADPH oxidase in the vasculature."	( Sildenafil improves diabetic vascular activity through suppressing endothelin receptor A, iNOS and NADPH oxidase which is comparable with the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 in STZ-injected rats. Cheng, YS; Dai, DZ; Dai, Y; Luo, L; Yuan, WJ; Zhang, Q, 2011)
" The vascular abnormalities and abnormal biomarkers were attenuated significantly by either sildenafil or CPU0213 along with an improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular activity."	( Sildenafil improves diabetic vascular activity through suppressing endothelin receptor A, iNOS and NADPH oxidase which is comparable with the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 in STZ-injected rats. Cheng, YS; Dai, DZ; Dai, Y; Luo, L; Yuan, WJ; Zhang, Q, 2011)
" Administration of SDF to CPB pigs preserved nitric oxide bioavailability and prevented endothelial dysfunction, regional hypoxia, inflammation, and tubular changes."	( Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition prevents postcardiopulmonary bypass acute kidney injury in swine. Angelini, GD; Jones, C; Lin, H; Murphy, GJ; Patel, NN; Ray, P; Satchell, SC; Sleeman, P; Toth, T; Welsh, GI, 2011)
" The oral bioavailability of sildenafil in the orally disintegrating tablet was then compared with the sildenafil citrate-loaded commercial tablet (Viagra(®)) in rabbits."	( Development of sildenafil-loaded orally disintegrating tablet with new lactate salt. Choi, HG; Jung, SY; Kim, DW; Seo, YG; Woo, JS; Yong, CS, 2012)
"This paper describes our recent efforts to design and synthesise potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors and the use of in vitro predictors of clearance, absorption and permeability to maximise the potential for dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and good oral bioavailability in man."	( The discovery of UK-369003, a novel PDE5 inhibitor with the potential for oral bioavailability and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. Ballard, S; Barber, C; Barker, L; Beaumont, K; Bunnage, M; Cole, S; Corless, M; Denton, S; Ellis, D; Floc'h, M; Foster, L; Gosset, J; Holmwood, F; Lane, C; Leahy, D; Mathias, J; Maw, G; Million, W; Poinsard, C; Price, J; Rawson, DJ; Russel, R; Street, S; Watson, L, 2012)
"Low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a role in the pathogenesis of human as well as of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)."	( Efficacy of different nitric oxide-based strategies in preventing experimental cerebral malaria by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Carvalho, LJ; Frangos, JA; Martins, YC; Zanini, GM, 2012)
" Prophylactic L-arginine when given in bolus or continuous delivery and bolus BH4 supplementation, with or without arginase inhibition, were able to increase NO bioavailability in PbA-infected mice but failed to decrease ECM incidence in the doses and protocol used."	( Efficacy of different nitric oxide-based strategies in preventing experimental cerebral malaria by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Carvalho, LJ; Frangos, JA; Martins, YC; Zanini, GM, 2012)
"The goals of the present work were: (1) to design a specific method to quantify SIL plasma levels by using UPLC-MS/MS; (2) to compare oral SIL bioavailability in Mexican men with pharmacokinetic data in other populations; (3) to fulfill local regulatory requests; and (4) to describe the relative tolerability of a new 50-mg chewable tablet."	( Comparison of fasting bioavailability among 100-mg commercial, 100-mg generic, and 50-mg chewable generic sildenafil tablets in healthy male Mexican volunteers: a single-dose, 3-period, crossover study. Angeles-Moreno, AP; Contreras-Zavala, L; García-González, A; Marcelín-Jiménez, G; Ramírez-San Juan, E, 2012)
" To investigate the effects of NO bioavailability induced by sildenafil intake on muscle Qo(2mv)-to-O(2) utilization matching and Vo(2) kinetics, 10 males with CHF (ejection fraction = 27 ± 6%) undertook constant work-rate exercise (70-80% peak)."	( Sildenafil improves microvascular O2 delivery-to-utilization matching and accelerates exercise O2 uptake kinetics in chronic heart failure. Almeida, DR; Berton, DC; Neder, JA; Nery, LE; Oliveira, MF; Rodrigues, MK; Sperandio, PA; Treptow, E, 2012)
": ED in middle-aged rats is associated with decreased NO bioavailability in erectile tissue due to upregulation of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91(phox) and downregulation of nNOS/p-eNOS."	( Superoxide anion production by NADPH oxidase plays a major role in erectile dysfunction in middle-aged rats: prevention by antioxidant therapy. Antunes, E; Báu, FR; Brugnerotto, AF; Mónica, FZ; Priviero, FB; Silva, FH; Toque, HA, 2013)
"Sildenafilcitrate (SILD) orodispersable sublingual tablets (ODSTs) have been developed using two comparative techniques for improving their oral disintegration, dissolution and bioavailability in order to manage acute attacks of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)."	( An in vitro and in vivo comparative study of directly compressed solid dispersions and freeze dried sildenafil citrate sublingual tablets for management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. El-Shamy, Ael-H; Kamel, AO; Shukr, M; Zayed, R, 2012)
" However, it is not known whether low NO bioavailability and oxidative stress affect the responsiveness of ED patients to sildenafil."	( Low nitric oxide bioavailability is associated with better responses to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction. Jordão, AA; Lacchini, R; Martins, AC; Muniz, JJ; Nobre, YT; Sertório, JT; Tanus-Santos, JE; Tucci, S, 2013)
" Bioavailability of the NO in the pulmonary vessels correlates with concentration of L-arginine as well as activity of phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE-5)."	( L-arginine in combination with sildenafil potentiates the attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. Al-Hiti, H; Baňasová, A; Chovanec, M; Herget, J; Kautzner, J; Melenovský, V; Vajnerová, O, 2013)
" Thus, to improve solubility and bioavailability characteristics, cocrystals and salts of the drug have been prepared by treating aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with sildenafil; the N-methylated piperazine of the drug molecule interacts with the carboxyl group of the acid to form a heterosynthon."	( Salt and cocrystals of sildenafil with dicarboxylic acids: solubility and pharmacokinetic advantage of the glutarate salt. Desiraju, GR; Ganguly, S; Sanphui, P; Tothadi, S, 2013)
" Although not causal, endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability are likely to play an important role in the maternal and fetal pathophysiology of this condition."	( The nitric oxide pathway and possible therapeutic options in pre-eclampsia. Everett, TR; Johal, T; Lees, CC; Wilkinson, IB, 2014)
" Measurements of intracellular superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide levels as well as nitric oxide bioavailability were also obtained."	( Sildenafil ameliorates oxidative stress and DNA damage in the stenotic kidneys in mice with renovascular hypertension. Balarini, CM; Campagnaro, BP; Casarini, DE; Dias, AT; Freitas, FP; Gava, AL; Meyrelles, SS; Palomino, Z; Pereira, TM; Porto, ML; Rodrigues, BP; Vasquez, EC, 2014)
" These limitations include poor solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism, resulting in low (40%) bioavailability and short elimination half-life (4 h)."	( Sildenafil citrate as oral solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel formula with higher bioavailability and sustained action for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Aljaeid, BM; Hosny, KM, 2014)
"This study was performed to compare the bioavailability of sildenafil fine granules with that of sildenafil tablets for assessing bioequivalence in 40 healthy male volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of sildenafil granules and sildenafil tablets in Korean healthy volunteers. Kim, BH; Zheng, R, 2014)
" The present study concludes that bioavailability of SIL increases when co-administered chronically with GLIM in the management of DN animals, and the mechanism is supported by molecular modeling studies."	( Does glimepiride alter the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil citrate in diabetic nephropathy animals: investigating mechanism of interaction by molecular modeling studies. Chandewar, A; Mazumder, PM; Timiri, AK; Tripathi, AS, 2015)
"The aim of the present study was to prepare sublingual delivery systems for sildenafil and evaluate its relative bioavailability after sublingual administration in rabbits to attain a rapid onset of action with good efficacy at lower doses."	( Rapid-Onset Sildenafil Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits. Chen, RN; Chou, PY; Ho, HO; Hsieh, CM; Sheu, MT, 2016)
" The challenges facing the oral administration of the drug include poor bioavailability and short duration of action that requires frequent administration."	( Optimized nano-transfersomal films for enhanced sildenafil citrate transdermal delivery: ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Ahmed, OA; Badr-Eldin, SM, 2016)
"The relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of 20-mg doses of a pediatric formulation of sildenafil extemporaneous preparation suspension (EP; 10 mg/mL), the sildenafil 20-mg intact tablet and the crushed sildenafil 20-mg tablet mixed with apple sauce were assessed in a single-dose, randomized, open-label, 3-way crossover study with 18 healthy adult volunteers."	( A randomized, open-label 3-way crossover study to investigate the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of crushed sildenafil 20 mg tablets mixed with apple sauce, extemporaneously prepared suspension (EP), and intact sildenafil 20 mg tablets in hea Checchio, TM; Cook, J; Duncan, B; Gao, X; LaBadie, RR; Ndongo, MN, 2015)
" The enhanced bioavailability of sildenafil by Seville orange may be attributed to inhibition of its intestinal first-pass effect (CYP3A4 and or p-glycoprotein)."	( Effects of Lemon and Seville Orange Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sildenafil in Healthy Subjects. Abdelkawy, KS; Donia, AM; Elbarbry, F; Turner, RB, 2016)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters such as oral clearance, oral volume of distribution of the central compartment, time to reach maximum plasma concentration, absorption rate constant, and half-life in humans were predicted from animals using allometric scaling."	( Prediction of Plasma Concentration-time Profiles of Drugs in Humans from Animals Following Oral Administration: An Allometric Approach. Mahmood, I, 2016)
"Study objective was to investigate sildenafil bioavailability of the novel ODF formulation after sublingual and supralingual administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men. Frangione, V; Leuratti, C; Loprete, L; Radicioni, M, 2018)
" Analysis of the vascular responsiveness showed an increased contractility response to norepinephrine in Ang II animals (Rmax: 70%), which was abolished by sildenafil through increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vasoconstrictor prostanoids."	( Beneficial Morphofunctional Changes Promoted by Sildenafil in Resistance Vessels in the Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension Model. Alves, GM; Campagnaro, BP; Campos-Toimil, M; Dias, AT; Gava, AL; Leal, MAS; Meyrelles, SS; Nogueira, BV; Pereira, TMC; Porto, ML; Vasquez, EC; Zanardo, TC, 2018)
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)
" In the simulation results, the bioavailability of both drugs was remarkably raised in both renal and hepatic impairment in young and elderly populations."	( The Effect of Liver and Kidney Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Sildenafil: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Ghoneim, AM; Mansour, SM, 2020)
" The bioequivalence and bioavailability of sildenafil citrate ODT (50 mg) without and with water were compared with conventional sildenafil citrate tablets (50 mg) in an open-label, randomized crossover study."	( Bioequivalence and Bioavailability of an Orodispersible Tablet of Sildenafil Citrate in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects. Crownover, PH; Ernst, C; Feng, Y; LaBadie, RR; Liang, Y; Luo, BY; Lv, Y; Zhao, Q; Zhu, H, 2020)
" Since oral administration of sildenafil shows pharmacokinetic problems with mean absolute bioavailability of 41%, the goal of this work was to develop a novel sildenafil self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for oral absorption improvement and management of dosage."	( In Silico studies of novel Sildenafil self-emulsifying drug delivery system absorption improvement for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Abrahim-Vieira, BA; Abreu, LCL; Barros, RC; Cabral, LM; Carmo, FAD; HonÓrio, TS; Moreira, RSS; Rodrigues, CR; Sousa, VP; Souza, AMT, 2020)
" Those two emulsification processes enhanced the solubility, dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble sildenafil base (SB) by producing fine and well-dispersed nanoemulsion droplet."	( Comparative study between high-pressure homogenisation and Shirasu porous glass membrane technique in sildenafil base-loaded solid SNEDDS: Effects on physicochemical properties and in vivo characteristics. Choi, HG; Choi, YJ; Jin, SG; Kim, DS; Kim, JO; Kim, JS; Lee, SM; Ud Din, F; Woo, MR; Youn, YS, 2021)
" In addition, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the bioavailability of sildenafil and its active metabolite, N-desmethyl sildenafil, as well as the safety of the different dosage forms, were evaluated."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
"The bioavailability of the new dosage form, the sildenafil spray, is equivalent to the traditional form, however, it has an advantage in terms of onset of action."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
" Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors act by inhibiting the degradation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in the nitric oxide pathway, increasing its bioavailability and promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated neovascular recruitment and the induction of tissue regeneration in the traumatized bone."	( Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition improves bone regeneration at the early stages of ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats. de Campos Pessoa, AL; de Carvalho, JJ; de Oliveira Araújo, VHV; Elias, N; Rosa Nascimento, AL, 2021)
"The purpose of this study was to screen various drug delivery systems for improving the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of sildenafil."	( Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres. Cheon, S; Choi, HG; Din, FU; Ji, SH; Jin, SG; Kim, DS; Kim, JO; Kim, JS; Lee, SM; Lim, SJ; Oh, KT; Woo, MR; Youn, YS, 2021)
" Among the formulations, solid SNEDDS demonstrated the highest improvement in oral bioavailability (AUC; 1508."	( Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres. Cheon, S; Choi, HG; Din, FU; Ji, SH; Jin, SG; Kim, DS; Kim, JO; Kim, JS; Lee, SM; Lim, SJ; Oh, KT; Woo, MR; Youn, YS, 2021)
"Therefore, solid SNEDDS could be recommended as an oral dosage form for enhancing the oral bioavailability of sildenafil."	( Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres. Cheon, S; Choi, HG; Din, FU; Ji, SH; Jin, SG; Kim, DS; Kim, JO; Kim, JS; Lee, SM; Lim, SJ; Oh, KT; Woo, MR; Youn, YS, 2021)
" The oral bioavailability of this formulation is higher than that of the parent drug."	( Lodenafil. Al-Majed, AA; Alshehri, YM; Attwa, MW; Bakheit, AH, 2022)
"Oral sildenafil (SDF) is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and its bioavailability is approximately 40%."	( Advanced formulations and nanotechnology-based approaches for pulmonary delivery of sildenafil: A scoping review. Almeida, SL; Caldonazo, A; Espinoza, JT; Lazo, REL; Mengarda, M; Murakami, FS, 2022)
" Unfortunately, SC was commonly found in oral, injection, and transdermal dosage forms with some limitations, mainly related to low oral bioavailability caused by the occurrence of first-pass metabolism in the liver, and poor patient comfort and compliance."	( Hydrogel forming microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of sildenafil citrate from polyethylene glycol reservoir: An ex vivo proof of concept study. Afika, N; Asri, RM; Elim, D; Fitri, AMN; Mahfud, MAS; Permana, AD; Sultan, NAF, 2023)
"Efficacy of therapies that target the downstream nitric oxide (NO) pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) depends on the bioavailability of NO."	( β3 adrenergic agonism: A novel pathway which improves right ventricular-pulmonary arterial hemodynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Celermajer, DS; Cordina, RL; Figtree, GA; Karimi Galougahi, K; Kienzle, V; Lau, E; Liu, CC; Patel, S; Quek, LE; Zhang, Y, 2023)

Excerpt	Reference
"In a 24-week dose-response study, 532 men were treated with oral sildenafil (25, 50, or 100 mg) or placebo."	( Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. Goldstein, I; Lue, TF; Padma-Nathan, H; Rosen, RC; Steers, WD; Wicker, PA, 1998)
"In the dose-response study, increasing doses of sildenafil were associated with improved erectile function (P values for increases in scores for questions about achieving and maintaining erections were <0."	( Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. Goldstein, I; Lue, TF; Padma-Nathan, H; Rosen, RC; Steers, WD; Wicker, PA, 1998)
" In part II, daily diary records of erectile activity and a global efficacy question were used to evaluate once-daily dosing with 25 mg or 50 mg of sildenafil or placebo for 10 days."	( Sildenafil: study of a novel oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in diabetic men. Boolell, M; Gepi-Attee, S; Gingell, JC; Price, DE; Wareham, K; Yates, P, 1998)
" Its pharmacokinetics are dose proportional over the recommended dosage range."	( Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Goldenberg, MM, )
" The approved dosage strengths of sildenafil citrate are 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg."	( Effects of sildenafil citrate on human hemodynamics. Allen, MJ; Benjamin, N; Jackson, G; Jackson, N, 1999)
" All 21 patients were considered to have erectile dysfunction as assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and were prescribed sildenafil at a dosage of 50 mg, with a titration to 100 mg if needed."	( Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) after radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Agarwal, A; Kedia, S; Lakin, MM; Nelson, DR; Zippe, CD, 1999)
" Twelve (80%) of the 15 responders required titration to the 100-mg dosage for maximal effect."	( Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) after radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Agarwal, A; Kedia, S; Lakin, MM; Nelson, DR; Zippe, CD, 1999)
" However, no information has been published to support such a dosage regimen."	( Sildenafil causes a dose- and time-dependent downregulation of phosphodiesterase type 6 expression in the rat retina. Bervig, T; Gonzalez, CM; Huang, CF; McKenna, KE; McVary, KT; Podlasek, C, 1999)
" The patient took the same dosage for 6-7 days and experienced severe epistaxis that required two visits to the emergency room."	( Epistaxis associated with elevation of INR in a patient switched to generic warfarin. Dent, LA; Wagner, JL, 2000)
" The dose-response curve was an inverted U in this dose range, although only the dose of 3 mg/kg of sildenafil produced significant effects."	( Effects of sildenafil on long-term retention of an inhibitory avoidance response in mice. Baratti, CM; Boccia, MM, 1999)
" Such caution is not currently provided by the current dosage guidelines that, for example, recommend the use of sildenafil 50 mg initially for most men between the ages of 18 and 65 years, despite wide differences in bodyweight, age, drug metabolism, health status and usage of other medications."	( Should patients be given an initial low test dose of sildenafil? Cohen, JS, 2000)
" In chronically instrumented dogs, sildenafil (2 mg/kg per os) augmented the vasodilator response to acetylcholine, with a leftward shift of the dose-response curve relating coronary flow to acetylcholine dose."	( Effect of sildenafil on coronary active and reactive hyperemia. Bache, RJ; Chen, Y; Du, R; Traverse, JH, 2000)
" Blue-on-yellow and white-on-white HVF testing was performed before and 1 hour after masked dosing of sildenafil 200 mg or placebo."	( Acute effects of sildenafil (viagra) on blue-on-yellow and white-on-white Humphrey perimetry. Feuer, WJ; Hoffman, KB; Lam, BL; Luu, JK; Marmor, MF; McCulley, TJ, 2000)
" Patients taking antihypertensive medication maintained usual dosing schedules."	( Effect of sildenafil citrate on blood pressure and heart rate in men with erectile dysfunction taking concomitant antihypertensive medication. Sildenafil Study Group. Brown, MJ; Prisant, LM; Zusman, RM, 2000)
"Sitting systolic (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate at baseline and after dosing with sildenafil or placebo (end-of-treatment visit)."	( Effect of sildenafil citrate on blood pressure and heart rate in men with erectile dysfunction taking concomitant antihypertensive medication. Sildenafil Study Group. Brown, MJ; Prisant, LM; Zusman, RM, 2000)
"Wild-type mice and PDEG:(tm1)/+ mice were subjected to electroretinography (ERG) 1 hour after exposure to one of three treatments: 1) no drug, 2) an intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil at 2 times the equivalent maximal daily recommended dosage for humans, or 3) 10 times this dosage."	( Sildenafil-mediated reduction in retinal function in heterozygous mice lacking the gamma-subunit of phosphodiesterase. Behn, D; Potter, MJ, 2001)
" Using an ex vivo model of coronary perfusion in rabbits, we found a dose-response relationship between VEGF and the efficiency of adenoviral gene transfer."	( Phosphodiesterase inhibitor-mediated potentiation of adenovirus delivery to myocardium. Donahue, JK; Lawrence, JH; Marbán, E; Nagata, K, 2001)
" Pfizer, the manufacturer of Viagra, released study data on the effects of the drug used in combination with Ritonavir and Saquinavir; the data led Pfizer to alter Viagra dosing recommendations for people on protease inhibitors."	( Protease inhibitors, sexual dysfunction and Viagra. Gilden, D, 1999)
" Wild-type mice dosed orally with the drug (25 mg."	( Sildenafil inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Aldashev, A; Kojonazarov, B; Maripov, A; Mason, NA; Mirrakhimov, MM; Morrell, NW; Sadykov, A; Wilkins, MR; Zhao, L, 2001)
" After shaving the back hair, SDF was dosed to two sets of three male dark-agouti pigmented rats (5 weeks old) per each group at 25 mg/kg once a day for 5 successive days with intraperitoneal (i."	( Hair analysis for pharmaceutical drugs. II. Effective extraction and determination of sildenafil (Viagra) and its N-desmethyl metabolite in rat and human hair by GC-MS. Morimoto, S; Nakahara, Y; Saisho, K; Scott, KS, 2001)
" Each dosage form contained 50 microCi of radioactivity."	( Comparative human pharmacokinetics and metabolism of single-dose oral and intravenous sildenafil. Muirhead, GJ; Rance, DJ; Walker, DK; Wastall, P, 2002)
"Cimetidine co-administration produced an increase in sildenafil plasma levels; however, this increase is not sufficient to warrant dosage adjustment of either drug."	( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers. Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)
"Repeated dosing with erythromycin caused statistically significant increases in the AUC and Cmax of sildenafil (2."	( The effects of steady-state erythromycin and azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy volunteers. Faulkner, S; Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Taubel, J, 2002)
" Azithromycin did not affect the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil; therefore, no adjustment in dosage is necessary for patients receiving these drugs concomitantly."	( The effects of steady-state erythromycin and azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy volunteers. Faulkner, S; Harness, JA; Muirhead, GJ; Taubel, J, 2002)
"To analyse the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil citrate in patients with erectile dysfunction in order to characterize covariate relationships and assist in the development of rational dosage strategies."	( A population pharmacokinetic analysis of sildenafil citrate in patients with erectile dysfunction. Karlsson, MO; Marshall, SF; Milligan, PA, 2002)
" Study I: The time to onset of erections after sildenafil (50 mg) or placebo dosing following visual sexual stimulation (VSS) was assessed in 17 patients."	( Onset and duration of action of sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Boolell, M; Eardley, I; Ellis, P; Wulff, M, 2002)
" In results pooled from 14 parallel-group, flexible as-needed dosing trials, sildenafil was more likely than placebo to lead to successful sexual intercourse, with a higher percentage of successful intercourse attempts (57% vs 21%; weighted mean difference, 33."	( Sildenafil for male erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fink, HA; Mac Donald, R; Nelson, DB; Rutks, IR; Wilt, TJ, 2002)
" Again, 10 patients with known risk factors (diabetes mellitus 5 and vasculogenic 5) in the second group seemed to give a good response to repeated dosage of sildenafil citrate which has been found to be very interesting."	( Evaluation and therapeutic regulation of erectile dysfunction with visual stimulation test. An objective approach by using sildenafil citrate test. Erbağci, A; Ozbek, E; Sarica, K; Topcu, O; Yagci, F, 2002)
" We found a shift in the dose-response curve of only phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors."	( The effect of chronic renal failure on phosphodiesterase inhibitor-induced relaxation responses in rabbit cavernosal strips. Bagcivan, I; Gokce, G; Kilicarslan, H; Sarac, B; Sarioglu, Y; Yildirim, S, 2003)
" After oral dosing on an empty stomach the pharmacological activity starts within 30 to 120 minutes (average 60 minutes) whereas the effect of this medication after a meal could be notably delayed."	( The start of pharmacological activity after sublingual administration of sildenafil citrate in 30 patients affected by erectile dysfunction. De Siati, M; Franzolin, N; Saugo, M, 2003)
"Although sildenafil citrate (Viagra) has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), the dosing regimens often used in clinical trials may not always match those employed in clinical practice."	( A baseline-controlled, open-label, flexible dose-escalation study to assess the safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in patients with erectile dysfunction. Benchekroun, A; Benjelloun, S; Bennani, S; El Mrini, M; Faik, M; Smires, A, 2003)
" The dosage of sildenafil and phentolamine was respectively 50-100 mg and 40 mg."	( [Assessment of curative effect on erectile dysfunction of two drugs]. Jiao, Y; Ma, XN; Yang, DZ; Yu, ZJ, 2003)
" The median time to erection leading to successful intercourse after sildenafil dosing was 36 minutes compared with 141 minutes for placebo."	( Minimal time to successful intercourse after sildenafil citrate: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Deriesthal, H; Orazem, J; Padma-Nathan, H; Stecher, VJ; Sweeney, M; Tseng, LJ, 2003)
" Dose-response relaxation curves to cumulative dosings of vardenafil (1 nM-10 microM) were constructed alone and in the presence of 10 mM L-NAME."	( Pro-erectile effect of vardenafil: in vitro experiments in rabbits and in vivo comparison with sildenafil in rats. Alexandre, L; Bernabe, J; Bischoff, E; Giuliano, F; Haning, H; Niewoehner, U, 2003)
" Although the study sought to mimic the experience of actual patients receiving treatment for ED, the results are subject to potential limitations due to the design of the study, which included differences in dosing instructions and dosages for sildenafil and tadalafil."	( Switching patients with erectile dysfunction from sildenafil citrate to tadalafil: results of a European multicenter, open-label study of patient preference. Costigan, T; Murphy, A; Ströberg, P, 2003)
"To assess patient preference for erectile dysfunction treatment between either sildenafil or tadalafil, each administered with their respective dosing instructions, and to evaluate preference for either sildenafil or tadalafil dosing instructions during tadalafil therapy."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate patient preference between tadalafil and sildenafil. Beasley, CM; Costigan, T; Denne, J; Emmick, JT; Lockhart, D; Murphy, A; Rajfer, J; Segal, S; von Keitz, A, 2004)
" Because the dosing instructions for sildenafil and tadalafil are different, a unique methodology using sham placebo arms was employed to maintain the blind."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate patient preference between tadalafil and sildenafil. Beasley, CM; Costigan, T; Denne, J; Emmick, JT; Lockhart, D; Murphy, A; Rajfer, J; Segal, S; von Keitz, A, 2004)
"In the doses utilized in this study, 73% of patients preferred tadalafil with tadalafil dosing instructions for the treatment of their erectile dysfunction over sildenafil with sildenafil dosing instructions."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate patient preference between tadalafil and sildenafil. Beasley, CM; Costigan, T; Denne, J; Emmick, JT; Lockhart, D; Murphy, A; Rajfer, J; Segal, S; von Keitz, A, 2004)
" There is a possible dose-response relationship between dose to the bulb and risk of ED."	( Localization of neurovascular bundles on pelvic CT and evaluation of radiation dose to structures putatively involved in erectile dysfunction after prostate brachytherapy. Ennis, RD; Laguna, JL; Newhouse, JH; Vecchio, D; Wright, JL, 2004)
" A placebo-controlled and positive-controlled, period-balanced, double-blinded, 6-way crossover study evaluated therapeutic and supratherapeutic oral doses of vardenafil (10 and 80 mg, respectively) and sildenafil (50 and 400 mg, respectively), therapeutic doses of moxifloxacin (400 mg), and a placebo in 58 healthy men (mean age 53 years), with dosing every 3 days."	( Evaluation of vardenafil and sildenafil on cardiac repolarization. Boyle, DA; Dabiri, GA; Ilson, BE; Montague, TH; Morganroth, J; Patel, BR; Sethuraman, VS; Shaddinger, BC, 2004)
" B-SBP, B-DBP, and HR were recorded before each 50-mg sildenafil dosing and after 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes."	( Cardiovascular parameter changes in patients with erectile dysfunction using pde-5 inhibitors: a study with sildenafil and vardenafil. Dicuio, M; Dinelli, N; Ghiadoni, L; Mondaini, N; Morelli, G; Pomara, G; Pomara, S; Salvetti, A; Selli, C; Taddei, S; Travaglini, F, )
"4 mg/kg), sildenafil was administered intravenously in a dose-response manner (0."	( Potentiation of apomorphine effect on sildenafil-induced penile erection in conscious rabbits. Kim, SW; Paick, JS; Park, JY; Son, H, 2004)
" Gastric emptying of a solid meal (one medium-sized fried egg mixed with 37 MBq [1 mCi] technetium Tc 99m phytate plus 1 slice of bread and 150 mL of water at the end of the meal) was assessed 1 hour after dosing by use of a single-headed camera."	( The effect of sildenafil on gastric emptying in patients with end-stage renal failure and symptoms of gastroparesis. Baumer, M; Cohen Pour, M; Dishy, V; Efrati, S; Feldman, L; Golik, A; Horne, T; Naftali, T; Weissgarten, J, 2004)
"This is the first report providing experimental support for chronic dosing with sildenafil which could be of use for patients that are poor responders to on-demand treatment."	( Chronic sildenafil improves erectile function and endothelium-dependent cavernosal relaxations in rats: lack of tachyphylaxis. Alexandre, L; Behr-Roussel, D; Bernabé, J; Burgess, G; Caisey, S; Giuliano, F; Gorny, D; Mevel, K; Wayman, C, 2005)
" Patients were then contacted to ascertain sildenafil citrate efficacy (defined as the continued use of sildenafil citrate), dosage used and medication tolerance."	( Success of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction in men treated with brachytherapy or external beam radiation for prostate cancer. Crook, J; Radomski, SB; Shemtov, OM, 2004)
"We aimed to assess the effects of sildenafil and evaluate optimal dosing in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)."	( Efficacy and optimal dose of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension. Alagesan, R; Chockalingam, A; Dorairajan, S; Elangovan, S; Gnanavelu, G; Jagannathan, V; Subramaniam, T; Venkatesan, S, 2005)
"9 mmHg) at the end of the dosing interval than those on placebo (n = 8) (95% CI -12."	( Phosphodiesterase type 5 and high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Aldashev, AA; Amatov, TA; Kojonazarov, BK; Mirrakhimov, MM; Morrell, NW; Sooronbaev, TM; Wharton, J; Wilkins, MR, 2005)
" The review is aimed at providing comparative clinical pharmacology data to allow for scientifically rational, evidence-based prescribing and dosing decisions regarding the clinical use of these medications for the treatment of erectile dysfunction."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. Gupta, M; Kovar, A; Meibohm, B, 2005)
" One or two days later, the patients' hemodynamics were stable and some patients stopped inhaling nitric oxide and the dosage of prostaglandin E1 decreased."	( [Treatment with oral sildenafil in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension after open heart operations]. Cen, JZ; Chen, XX; Xiong, WP; Zeng, R; Zhu, WZ; Zhuang, J, 2005)
" In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we evaluated the effects of fluvoxamine dosed to steady state on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sildenafil."	( Fluvoxamine affects sildenafil kinetics and dynamics. Burhenne, J; Haefeli, WE; Hesse, C; Riedel, KD; Siedler, H, 2005)
" The present analysis used data from patient diaries completed daily, which included information concerning attempts at sexual intercourse, time from dosing to attempt, penetration, and maintenance of erection sufficient for successful intercourse."	( Erectile response to vardenafil in men with a history of nonresponse to sildenafil: a time-from-dosing descriptive analysis. Aliotta, P; Auerbach, S; Barkin, J; Carson, CC; Colopy, MW; Hatzichristou, DG; Lording, D; McBride, TA; Murdock, M; Wilkins, HJ, 2005)
"25 hour after dosing (62% vs 30%); efficacy continued beyond 6 hours after dosing in 77% and 50% of patients, respectively."	( Erectile response to vardenafil in men with a history of nonresponse to sildenafil: a time-from-dosing descriptive analysis. Aliotta, P; Auerbach, S; Barkin, J; Carson, CC; Colopy, MW; Hatzichristou, DG; Lording, D; McBride, TA; Murdock, M; Wilkins, HJ, 2005)
"25 hour and lasted for >6 hours after dosing with vardenafil 10 mg in these men with mostly moderate to severe ED and a history of nonresponse to sildenafil and who chose to make attempts during those intervals."	( Erectile response to vardenafil in men with a history of nonresponse to sildenafil: a time-from-dosing descriptive analysis. Aliotta, P; Auerbach, S; Barkin, J; Carson, CC; Colopy, MW; Hatzichristou, DG; Lording, D; McBride, TA; Murdock, M; Wilkins, HJ, 2005)
" Treatment durations were 4 weeks (or more than four doses) to 1 year, and sildenafil dosing was in the recommended range (25-100 mg)."	( Efficacy of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy: a systematic review of clinical data. McCullough, A; Montorsi, F, 2005)
" No dose-response effects were observed."	( Sildenafil improves cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not normoxia. Barnholt, KE; Friedlander, AL; Grundmann, NK; Hsu, AR; Lin, JH; McCallum, SW, 2006)
" Conversely, each rats group was further subdivided: no further treatment or acute sildenafil dosing (25 mg/kg, 1 hour before "in vivo" electrical stimulation [ES])."	( Testosterone restores diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction and sildenafil responsiveness in two distinct animal models of chemical diabetes. Donati, S; Filippi, S; Forti, G; Luconi, M; Maggi, M; Morelli, A; Vignozzi, L; Zhang, XH, 2006)
" Fifty-nine percent of intercourse attempts were within 4 hours of dosing when patients were treated with tadalafil (88% with sildenafil)."	( Timing of dose relative to sexual intercourse attempt in previous sildenafil citrate users treated with tadalafil. Dyachkova, Y; Gatchalian, E; Glina, S; Kopernicky, V; Markey, C; Sotomayor, M; Yaman, O, 2006)
"Following the dosing instructions reflecting tadalafil's extended period of effectiveness, men with a history of established sildenafil use changed their dose-attempt behavior when treated with tadalafil."	( Timing of dose relative to sexual intercourse attempt in previous sildenafil citrate users treated with tadalafil. Dyachkova, Y; Gatchalian, E; Glina, S; Kopernicky, V; Markey, C; Sotomayor, M; Yaman, O, 2006)
" This study examined whether counseling and maximal dosing (100 mg) could achieve better treatment compliance and could possibly improve treatment outcome."	( Positive effect of counseling and dose adjustment in patients with erectile dysfunction who failed treatment with sildenafil. Chen, J; Cohen, A; Gruenwald, I; Raviv, G; Richter, S; Shenfeld, O; Vardi, Y, 2006)
" Monochromatic fundus photographs were obtained in the study eye before dosing and then 30, 90, 180 and 300 min later."	( Effect of viagra on retinal vein diameter in AMD patients. DuPont, JC; Grunwald, JE; Liu, C; Metelitsina, TI; Ying, GS, 2006)
" tadalafil and for their respective dosing instructions in a cohort of Spanish patients with erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( [Tadalafil vs sildenafil patient preference in Spanish men with erectile dysfunction: results from an International Multicentric Study]. Casariego, J; Cassinello, A; Lledó García, E; Mo, D; Rajmil, O; Rodríguez Vela, L, 2006)
" Similarly, to evaluate preference for their respective dosing instructions, 30 patients were randomized to one of the 2 arms treated with tadalafil: one with sildenafil (S) dosing instructions and the other with tadalafil (T) dosing instructions."	( [Tadalafil vs sildenafil patient preference in Spanish men with erectile dysfunction: results from an International Multicentric Study]. Casariego, J; Cassinello, A; Lledó García, E; Mo, D; Rajmil, O; Rodríguez Vela, L, 2006)
" Correspondingly, 73% of 13 evaluating each drug dosing instructions preferred T dosing instructions (p>0."	( [Tadalafil vs sildenafil patient preference in Spanish men with erectile dysfunction: results from an International Multicentric Study]. Casariego, J; Cassinello, A; Lledó García, E; Mo, D; Rajmil, O; Rodríguez Vela, L, 2006)
"In this study, 7 out of 10 patients preferred tadalafil and its dosing instructions to sildenafil, for the treatment of their ED."	( [Tadalafil vs sildenafil patient preference in Spanish men with erectile dysfunction: results from an International Multicentric Study]. Casariego, J; Cassinello, A; Lledó García, E; Mo, D; Rajmil, O; Rodríguez Vela, L, 2006)
"In neonates with acute pulmonary hypertension (PHT), the dose-response effect of sildenafil citrate, a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that can alleviate PHT, has not been detailedly examined."	( Dose response of intravenous sildenafil on systemic and regional hemodynamics in hypoxic neonatal piglets. Bigam, DL; Cheung, PY; Cravetchi, O; Haase, E, 2006)
"To develop a model to explore the dose-response of sildenafil citrate in patients with female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) based on telephone sexual activity daily diary (TSADD) data obtained in double-blind, placebo controlled clinical studies."	( Modeling and simulation of sexual activity daily diary data of patients with female sexual arousal disorder treated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra). Boolell, M; Bruno, R; Claret, L; Cox, EH; Haughie, S; Johnson, PJ; McFadyen, L; Pidgen, A, 2006)
" The brachial/ankle pulse wave velocity was determined before dosing and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after dosing with 25 or 50 mg of sildenafil citrate."	( Effect of sildenafil on arterial stiffness, as assessed by pulse wave velocity, in patients with erectile dysfunction. Arakawa, S; Fujisawa, M; Kamidono, S; Nakano, Y; Shigemura, K, 2006)
"The systolic blood pressure decreased significantly at 60 min after dosing compared with the placebo control."	( Effect of sildenafil on arterial stiffness, as assessed by pulse wave velocity, in patients with erectile dysfunction. Arakawa, S; Fujisawa, M; Kamidono, S; Nakano, Y; Shigemura, K, 2006)
" Only 7 (12%) of the 59 men reported that home vardenafil dosing resulted in successful intercourse."	( Vardenafil rescue rates of sildenafil nonresponders: objective assessment of 327 patients with erectile dysfunction. Brisson, TE; Broderick, GA; Heckman, MG; Pinkstaff, DM; Thiel, DD, 2006)
" Medical records were reviewed for the following information: signalment, duration and type of clinical signs before treatment, underlying disease, estimated or measured PAPs, dosage and dosing interval of sildenafil, and the effect of treatment on clinical signs and pulmonary arterial pressure and survival time."	( Retrospective evaluation of sildenafil citrate as a therapy for pulmonary hypertension in dogs. Bach, JF; Betkowski, JM; MacGregor, J; Rozanski, EA; Rush, JE, )
" Although a number of investigations have been carried out using cathinone, the psychoactive component of khat, these may not wholly reflect the behavioral effects observed after administering khat in a dosage similar to those used traditionally."	( Effect of Catha edulis foresk (khat) extracts on male rat sexual behavior. Abdulwaheb, M; Abebe, D; Debella, A; Makonnen, E, 2007)
" Subsequently, sildenafil was given at a dosage of 50 or 100 mg according to the response."	( Relationship between nocturnal penile tumescence parameters, International Index of Erectile Function symptom scores and sildenafil responses1This paper was presented at the 6th Congress of the International Society of Sexual and Impotence Research, Bueno Başar, H; Batislam, E; Murad Başar, M; Tuğlu, D; Yilmaz, E, 2006)
" Although the reported results in children with pulmonary hypertension are promising, it is an experimental drug and large-scale randomised controlled studies are required to validate the safety, efficacy and dosage in the paediatric population."	( Therapeutic applications of sildenafil citrate in the management of paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Leibovitch, L; Matok, I; Paret, G, 2007)
" Treatment choices for pulmonary arterial hypertension are limited by drug tolerability, drug cost and inconvenience associated with administration techniques and dosing schedules."	( Sildenafil citrate for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Hrometz, SL; Shields, KM, 2006)
" Daily dosing with sildenafil may improve lower urinary tract symptoms."	( Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and urinary symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind trial. Camps, JL; McVary, KT; Monnig, W; Tseng, LJ; van den Ende, G; Young, JM, 2007)
" Hardness outcomes improved (with a possible dose-response relationship for the achievement of fully hard and rigid erections) and correlated positively with the other outcomes."	( Correlations between increased erection hardness and improvements in emotional well-being and satisfaction outcomes in men treated with sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction. Creanga, DL; Juenemann, KP; King, R; Levinson, IP; Stecher, VJ, )
" However, there are limited data available to suggest dosage regimens."	( Effects of escalating doses of sildenafil on hemodynamics and gas exchange in children with pulmonary hypertension and congenital cardiac defects. Danton, MD; MacArthur, KJ; Pollock, JC; Raja, SG, 2007)
" However, a large dose-ranging and pharmacokinetic study of sildenafil in children with pulmonary hypertension because of congenital cardiac defects is needed to validate the safety and efficacy of the dose-range and dosing interval suggested by this study."	( Effects of escalating doses of sildenafil on hemodynamics and gas exchange in children with pulmonary hypertension and congenital cardiac defects. Danton, MD; MacArthur, KJ; Pollock, JC; Raja, SG, 2007)
" At baseline and after 6 months all patients underwent: right-heart catheterization, 6-min walking distance, and a study of endothelial function, including the measure of the flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery, and the dosage of plasma levels of endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor."	( Sildenafil improves endothelial function in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Coppi, F; Lattanzi, A; Modena, MG; Nuzzo, A; Rossi, R, 2008)
"With close monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, men with stable coronary artery disease who have taken sildenafil may tolerate intravenous NTG (	( Safety of intravenous nitroglycerin after administration of sildenafil citrate to men with coronary artery disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. Bart, BA; Glue, P; Jen, F; Koren, MJ; Malhotra, B; Parker, JD; Siegel, RL; Wang, H; Webb, DJ, 2007)
"In an open-label, crossover study of sildenafil (25, 50 or 100 mg) and tadalafil (10 or 20 mg), dosed as needed, after a 4-week baseline assessment, 367 men with ED were randomly assigned to sildenafil followed by tadalafil or vice versa (8-week dose optimization and 4-week assessment phase for each treatment period)."	( Factors associated with preference for sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy: post hoc analysis of data from a multicentre, randomized, open-label, crossover study. Beardsworth, A; Chan, ML; Eardley, I; Jackson, G; Loughney, K; Mirone, V; Montorsi, F; Vail, GM, 2007)
" Dosage choice, reductions in the PAIRS time concerns domain, IIEF intercourse satisfaction domain improvements, smaller side-effect severity scores, more sexual attempts, and increased SEP4 scores (satisfaction with erection hardness) during the tadalafil or sildenafil treatment periods were all significantly associated with preference for tadalafil or sildenafil."	( Factors associated with preference for sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy: post hoc analysis of data from a multicentre, randomized, open-label, crossover study. Beardsworth, A; Chan, ML; Eardley, I; Jackson, G; Loughney, K; Mirone, V; Montorsi, F; Vail, GM, 2007)
" Patient differences in time concerns, dosage choice, intercourse satisfaction, treatment tolerability, number of sexual attempts and satisfaction with erection hardness were the set of factors most significantly associated with treatment preference, and the preference observed for tadalafil (71%) or sildenafil (29%) might be substantially accounted for by differences in these factors during the tadalafil and sildenafil treatment periods."	( Factors associated with preference for sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy: post hoc analysis of data from a multicentre, randomized, open-label, crossover study. Beardsworth, A; Chan, ML; Eardley, I; Jackson, G; Loughney, K; Mirone, V; Montorsi, F; Vail, GM, 2007)
"8 times the recommended human dosage of epoprostenol."	( Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy. DeSantis, ER; Huang, S, 2007)
" Testosterone gels minimize the skin irritation while providing flexibility in dosing and a low discontinuation rate."	( Recent trends in the treatment of testosterone deficiency syndrome. Ahn, TY; Hong, BS, 2007)
"Vardenafil has higher affinity to phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) than sildenafil and lower administered dosage for the treatment of erectile dysfunction."	( Conformational variations of both phosphodiesterase-5 and inhibitors provide the structural basis for the physiological effects of vardenafil and sildenafil. Francis, SH; Ke, H; Robinson, H; Wang, H; Ye, M, 2008)
"6%] and the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve over a dosing interval (AUC(tau)) by 62."	( Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil. Burgess, G; Collings, L; Dingemanse, J; Hoogkamer, H, 2008)
"In healthy volunteers, there is a mutual pharmacokinetic interaction between bosentan and sildenafil that may influence the dosage of each drug in a combination treatment."	( Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil. Burgess, G; Collings, L; Dingemanse, J; Hoogkamer, H, 2008)
" In the 4 long-term treatment groups, daily continuous doses of drug and ethanol with a single dosage were given for 15, 30 and 45 days and the animals killed 4h after the last dosage."	( Effect of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and ethanol on the Albino rat testis: a scanning electron microscopic approach. Elanchezhiyan, C; Sabhanayakam, S; Sivasankaran, TG; Udayakumar, R, 2008)
"To test the hypothesis that a variable dosage of the oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil (25, 50, 100 mg) or vardenafil (5, 10, 25 mg) determined according to results obtained from nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR, RigiScan), given nightly for 1 year, can improve spontaneous erectile function (EF) in men with mild-to-moderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED); this regimen was compared with a fixed daily dosage of sildenafil 25 mg or vardenafil 5 mg."	( Long-term treatment of erectile dysfunction with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and dose optimization based on nocturnal penile tumescence. Brandt, AS; Klotz, T; Mathers, MJ; Roth, S; Sommer, F, 2008)
"In a prospective open-label, parallel-group trial 154 men with ED were randomized either to fixed low-dose sildenafil 25 mg or vardenafil 5 mg (group 1) or to the lowest erectile dosage of sildenafil (25, 50 or 100 mg) or vardenafil (5, 10 or 20 mg) (group 2) provoking an erectile event as measured by NPTR nightly for 1 year."	( Long-term treatment of erectile dysfunction with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and dose optimization based on nocturnal penile tumescence. Brandt, AS; Klotz, T; Mathers, MJ; Roth, S; Sommer, F, 2008)
"Nightly PDE5-inhibitor treatment 1 year in a dosage determined by NPTR measurements results in better EF than giving a fixed dosage of sildenafil (25 mg) or vardenafil (5 mg)."	( Long-term treatment of erectile dysfunction with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and dose optimization based on nocturnal penile tumescence. Brandt, AS; Klotz, T; Mathers, MJ; Roth, S; Sommer, F, 2008)
" Since a recent randomized study showed no dose-response relationship, the target dose in future will be 20mg tid."	( Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension: dose-dependent improvement in exercise performance. Fischler, M; Huber, LC; Maggiorini, M; Speich, R; Spring, RM; Treder, U; Ulrich, S, 2008)
" Sildenafil provides benefits in terms of exercise capacity when added to epoprostenol; however, these findings come from a trial that did not use the approved dosage of sildenafil."	( Sildenafil: a review of its use in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Croom, KF; Curran, MP, 2008)
"The results of our study have shown that daily dosing with sildenafil improved ED and LUTS independent of baseline LUTS severity or BMI."	( Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and lower urinary tract symptoms independent of baseline body mass index or LUTS severity. Carlsson, M; McVary, KT; Siegel, RL, 2008)
" N-desmethyl sildenafil Cmax and AUC from the time of administration until the last time point with a measurable concentration after dosing (calculated by linear trapezoidal summation [AUClast]) values decreased by approximately 95% when sildenafil 25 mg was co-administered with DRV/r compared with sildenafil 100 mg alone."	( Effect of repeated doses of darunavir plus low-dose ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy male subjects: phase I randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. De Marez, T; De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, V; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)
" Mean pulmonary artery and systemic arterial pressure were unchanged from baseline when measured 1 hour after sildenafil dosing (mean pulmonary artery pressure, 29+/-1 to 27+/-0."	( Use of sildenafil to facilitate weaning from inhaled nitric oxide in children with pulmonary hypertension following surgery for congenital heart disease. Hillier, SC; Knoderer, CA; Lee, JE, )
" It is possible that the doses used in this study were not optimal or that repeated dosing may be necessary to achieve therapeutic effects."	( A placebo-controlled study of sildenafil effects on cognition in schizophrenia. Cather, C; Culhane, MA; Evins, AE; Freudenreich, O; Goff, DC; Henderson, DC; Walsh, JP, 2009)
" The cardiac effects associated with Sildenafil citrate have been extensively studied in medical literature, especially its potent vasodilatory effect when combined with nitrate-based medications, producing intractable hypotension, but a lesser known and potentially lethal side effect is prolonged cardiac repolarization when used at dosage greater than recommended, leading to QT prolongation that could theoretically lead to dangerous cardiac dysrrhythmias and sudden death in men with coronary artery disease."	( Sildenafil citrate and Torsade de pointes. Cabañas, JG; Canales-Colón, I; Falcón-Chévere, JL; Martorell-Millan, G, )
" It does not appear that chronic sildenafil usage at these dosage levels is seriously toxic or threatening to vision."	( ERG evaluation of daily, high-dose sildenafil usage. Doyle, RL; Marmor, MF; Zamanian, RT; Zoumalan, CI, 2009)
" The AUC(0-infinity) and C(max) for sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil (active metabolite) were determined over 24 hours for a 20-mg dose of sildenafil alone and again after 7 days of dosing with ambrisentan 10 mg once daily."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of ambrisentan in combination with sildenafil in healthy volunteers. Dufton, C; Mandagere, A; Spence, R; Venitz, J, 2008)
"We investigated changes in serum biomarkers of vascular function after short-term, continuous sildenafil dosing in men with type 2 diabetes with erectile dysfunction."	( Serum biomarker measurements of endothelial function and oxidative stress after daily dosing of sildenafil in type 2 diabetic men with erectile dysfunction. Bivalacqua, TJ; Burnett, AL; Jin, L; Musicki, B; Strong, TD; Trock, BJ, 2009)
" Chronic dosing of oral type V phosphodiesterase inhibitors is now commonly used by urologists after radical prostatectomy despite a lack of convincing evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials."	( Local therapies to heal the penis: fact or fiction? Kim, ED, )
" Ten herbal dietary supplements, each as a capsule dosage form, were found to contain 8-151 mg of thiomethisosildenafil per capsule, and one herbal dietary supplement was found to contain 35 mg of thiosildenafil per capsule."	( Structure elucidation of thioketone analogues of sildenafil detected as adulterants in herbal aphrodisiacs. d'Avignon, DA; Reepmeyer, JC, 2009)
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats (50) were divided into five groups (10 rats per each group): blank control, sildenafil group and SN plus APO SL high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group."	( Effect of sublingual medication of sildenafil citrate/ apomorphine on sexual behaviour of male rats. Huang, X; Shen, J; Xiong, C; Zhou, J, 2009)
" Experimental groups were divided on the basis of the dosage of extract to the animals as follows: 150 mg/kg body weight (Group I), 200mg/kg body weight (Group II) and 250 mg/kg body weight (Group IV) while Group V received Sildenafil citrate (5mg/kg body weight)."	( Dose- and time-dependent effects of ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens Linn. seed on sexual behaviour of normal male rats. Prakash, S; Prithiviraj, E; Suresh, S, 2009)
" The focus of this article is on updates on regular dosing regimens of PDE5I other than the newly approved daily dose tadalafil."	( 2009 update on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy part 1: Recent studies on routine dosing for penile rehabilitation, lower urinary tract symptoms, and other indications (CME). Shindel, AW, 2009)
"" Articles were screened based on whether or not they addressed issues of routine dosing of PDE5I."	( 2009 update on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy part 1: Recent studies on routine dosing for penile rehabilitation, lower urinary tract symptoms, and other indications (CME). Shindel, AW, 2009)
"Peer reviewed publications on routine dosing of PDE5I published in the medical literature since 2007."	( 2009 update on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy part 1: Recent studies on routine dosing for penile rehabilitation, lower urinary tract symptoms, and other indications (CME). Shindel, AW, 2009)
"There have been numerous publications in the past 2 years regarding routine dosing of PDE5I for three major urological indications; penile rehabilitation, stuttering priapism, and management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)."	( 2009 update on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy part 1: Recent studies on routine dosing for penile rehabilitation, lower urinary tract symptoms, and other indications (CME). Shindel, AW, 2009)
" Dosing instructions were provided."	( Timing of dose relative to sexual intercourse attempt in previous sildenafil citrate users treated with tadalafil: a geographical comparison from a single arm, open-label study. Abdo, CH; Gallagher, GL; Glina, S; Hernandez-Serrano, R; Lenero, E; Rampazzo, C; Rubio-Aurioles, E; Sotomayor, M; West, TM, 2009)
" However, the extent to which sexual behavior alters is not uniform across geographical regions, suggesting that dosing instructions and duration of drug effectiveness, in combination with personal and cultural preferences, may determine sexual behavior with PDE5 inhibitor use."	( Timing of dose relative to sexual intercourse attempt in previous sildenafil citrate users treated with tadalafil: a geographical comparison from a single arm, open-label study. Abdo, CH; Gallagher, GL; Glina, S; Hernandez-Serrano, R; Lenero, E; Rampazzo, C; Rubio-Aurioles, E; Sotomayor, M; West, TM, 2009)
" Those with a score lower than 26 on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and with less than 75% total successful sexual attempts the dosage of sildenafil was increased to 100 mg."	( Ten-year follow-up of sildenafil use in spinal cord-injured patients with erectile dysfunction. Cecconi, F; Del Popolo, G; Lombardi, G; Macchiarella, A, 2009)
" Daily dosing may be useful in some men; however, the other available PDE5I continue to show excellent efficacy in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( 2009 update on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy part 2: updates on optimal utilization for sexual concerns and rare toxicities in this class. Shindel, AW, 2009)
" Although the tablets contained efficacious amounts of PDE-5 inhibitors, neither the active ingredient nor the dosage corresponded to the description on the blister."	( The identification of (-)-trans-tadalafil, tadalafil, and sildenafil in counterfeit Cialis and the optical purity of tadalafil stereoisomers. de Kaste, D; Venhuis, BJ; Vredenbregt, MJ; Zomer, G, 2010)
" As the second PDE-5 inhibitor to gain approval for PAH, clinical properties such as its long half-life leading to once-daily dosing and possibly improved compliance, as well as potential cost benefit, may distinguish tadalafil from sildenafil in the widespread treatment of PAH."	( Tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Rosenzweig, EB, 2010)
"There were significant improvements in edema, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), weight, and loop diuretic dosage required, while strong trends were seen in urine output per day and urine output per unit loop diuretic per day."	( The successful use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors to treat the syndrome of cor pulmonale and prerenal azotemia with diuresis of anasarca (CorPRADA). Berez, PB, 2010)
" pruriens and SC were administered in single oral dosage per day for a period of 60 days."	( Effect of Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) on sexual behavior and sperm parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rat. Prakash, S; Suresh, S, 2012)
" Sildenafil was used in the dosage of 1-2 milligrams per kilogram 3-4 times per day."	( Sildenafil in the management of the failing Fontan circulation. Bhole, V; Ofoe, V; Onuzo, O; Reinhardt, Z; Stumper, O; Uzun, O; Wilson, D; Wright, JG, 2010)
"The prescribing information for sildenafil citrate (VIAGRA, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) recommends flexible dosing (50 mg initially, adjusted to 100 or 25 mg based on effectiveness and tolerability) in most men with erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( Hardness, function, emotional well-being, satisfaction and the overall sexual experience in men using 100-mg fixed-dose or flexible-dose sildenafil citrate. Creanga, DL; Goldfischer, ER; Kaminetsky, JC; Park, NC; Stecher, VJ; Ströberg, P, )
" The population pharmacokinetic parameters of bosentan were estimated by use of the NONMEM program, in which a one-compartment model with repetitive bolus dosing was parameterized in terms of the oral clearance (CL/F) and elimination rate constant (k)."	( Pharmacokinetics of bosentan in routinely treated Japanese pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Akita, C; Hashimoto, Y; Hirono, K; Horiuchi, I; Ichida, F; Kato, Y; Miyawaki, T; Nakamura, T; Nakayama, T; Saji, T; Taguchi, M; Yoshimura, N, 2011)
" The 405 patients enrolled in the single pivotal trial give this drug the largest initial placebo-controlled dataset of any of the oral PAH therapies; its once-daily dosing and excellent safety profile make it the most convenient of the therapies by a significant margin."	( Novel therapeutic approaches in pulmonary arterial hypertension: focus on tadalafil. Levin, YD; White, RJ, 2011)
"Comparison of both hemodynamic data from cardiac catheterization and clinical outcome such as six minute walk test (6MWT) were performed to assess the efficacy of generic sildenafil at the dosage of 50 mg given orally three times daily in patients with PAH over a 12 weeks period."	( Efficacy and safety of high dose generic sildenafil in Thai patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chungsomprasong, P; Durongpisitkul, K; Panjasamanvong, P; Pornrattanarungsi, S, 2011)
" Further investigation is warranted to determine optimal dosing based on age and weight."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of oral sildenafil citrate in treatment-naive children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Barst, RJ; Gaitan, G; Garcia, AE; Ivy, DD; Layton, GR; Pulido, T; Rudzinski, A; Sastry, BK; Serdarevic-Pehar, M; Szatmari, A; Wessel, DL, 2012)
"Rectal relaxation following dosing with sildenafil 50 mg increased the first desire to defecate threshold in IBS as a whole, but decreased pain only in the hypersensitive subset."	( The effects of sildenafil on rectal sensitivity and tone in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. de Leopoldino, DM; de Oliveira, RB; dos Santos, AA; Gonçalves de Medeiros, MT; Lima, MC; Nobre e Souza, MÂ; Nobre, RA, 2012)
" Our data showed that rolipram and sildenafil enhanced spatial memory consolidation in an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve."	( Effects of protein kinase A and G inhibitors on hippocampal cholinergic markers expressions in rolipram- and sildenafil-induced spatial memory improvement. Abdollahi, M; Beyer, C; Bollen, E; Ghahremani, MH; Hosseini-Sharifabad, A; Naghdi, N; Prickaerts, J; Roghani, A; Sabzevari, O; Sharifzadeh, M, 2012)
"To assess the ocular effects and safety profile of chronic sildenafil oral dosing in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension."	( Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. Burgess, G; Hwang, LJ; Laties, AM; Tressler, C; Wirostko, BM, 2012)
" Incidence of ocular adverse events reported on the case report forms and assessed by the investigator was low with all doses, but a modest, dose related incidence of chromatopsia, cyanopsia, photophobia, and visual disturbance was reported with 80 mg three times daily consistent with the indicated dosing for erectile dysfunction."	( Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. Burgess, G; Hwang, LJ; Laties, AM; Tressler, C; Wirostko, BM, 2012)
"Sildenafil dosing up to 80 mg three times daily is safe and well tolerated from an ocular perspective in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension."	( Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. Burgess, G; Hwang, LJ; Laties, AM; Tressler, C; Wirostko, BM, 2012)
"2) and compared the drug-release profiles of AEA-coated SDN-MMT and Viagra(®), an approved dosage form of SDN."	( A nanohybrid system for taste masking of sildenafil. Chang, HC; Choi, G; Choy, JH; Choy, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Oh, YJ; Park, JW; Park, MC; Yoon, YJ, 2012)
" The use of on demand PDE5 inhibitors (-Is) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has recently obtained approval for chronic daily dosing for the same indication."	( PDE5 inhibitor treatment options for urologic and non-urologic indications: 2012 update. Gur, S; Hellstrom, WJ; Kadowitz, PJ; Serefoglu, EC, 2012)
" We conclude that concomitant dosing with a cardiac stimulant and endothelin antagonist can partially reverse loss of physical performance capacity under hypobaric hypoxia, independent from improving blood oxygen saturation."	( The combination of theophylline and endothelin receptor antagonism improves exercise performance of rats under simulated high altitude. Boico, A; Hamilton, K; Hanna, G; Irwin, D; Palmer, G; Piantadosi, CA; Radiloff, DR; Schroeder, T; Shan, S; Wu, C; Zhao, Y, 2012)
"The sildenafil dosage was 109±42 mg/day during 163±116 days before HT."	( Effects of chronic sildenafil use on pulmonary hemodynamics and clinical outcomes in heart transplantation. Bergeron, S; Bernier, M; Bourgault, C; Cantin, B; Chateauvert, N; Leblanc, MH; Morin, J; Nalli, C; O'Connor, K; Pons, J; Proulx, G; Sénéchal, M, 2012)
"To investigate if treatment with a single dosage of T+5-HT(1A)ra will produce improvement in sexual functioning in women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) as the result of dysfunctional high sexual inhibition."	( Toward personalized sexual medicine (part 3): testosterone combined with a Serotonin1A receptor agonist increases sexual satisfaction in women with HSDD and FSAD, and dysfunctional activation of sexual inhibitory mechanisms. Bloemers, J; Chivers, M; Everaerd, W; Gerritsen, J; Goldstein, I; Koppeschaar, H; Olivier, B; Poels, S; Tuiten, A; van Ham, D; van Mameren, F; van Rooij, K, 2013)
" Daily sildenafil (10 mg/kg) was dosed to groups B and C by lavage."	( [Effects of sildenafil on bladder compliance and endothelin-1 in rabbit model of partial bladder outlet obstruction]. Chen, HD; Li, CD; Weng, ZL; Ye, XT; Zhang, YR, 2012)
" Our results reveal that sildenafil is protective against scald burn related ALI by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation and the dosage of 10mg/kg could be apparently better than 20mg/kg."	( The protective effects of sildenafil in acute lung injury in a rat model of severe scald burn: A biochemical and histopathological study. Deveci, K; Duger, C; Gokakin, AK; Karakus, BC; Kurt, A; Topcu, O; Tuzcu, M, 2013)
" sildenafil dosing in three patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and limited venous access is reported."	( Intermittent intravenous sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension management in neonates and infants. Backes, C; Nahata, MC; Puthoff, T; Stultz, JS, 2013)
" The longer infusion periods were used to minimize the risk of hypotension during infusion, with continued efficacy assessment between dosing intervals by monitoring ongoing oxygenation saturation trends and oxygen requirements when the drug was not infusing."	( Intermittent intravenous sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension management in neonates and infants. Backes, C; Nahata, MC; Puthoff, T; Stultz, JS, 2013)
" sildenafil dosing provided a well-tolerated, practical, and potentially effective treatment for PH in three patients when enteral intake was undesirable and when there was a need to conserve available venous access."	( Intermittent intravenous sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension management in neonates and infants. Backes, C; Nahata, MC; Puthoff, T; Stultz, JS, 2013)
"The possible effects of sildenafil citrate administration at therapeutic dosage on visual acuity, color vision, intraocular pressure, macular thickness, macular volume, and central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with erectile dysfunction were evaluated."	( Does therapeutic dose of sildenafil citrate treatment lead to central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with erectile dysfunction? Aslan, Y; Atan, A; Balci, M; Damar, E; Simsek, S; Toklu, Y; Tuncel, A, 2013)
" This formulation is expected to enhance dosing convenience and increase patient compliance while yielding pharmacokinetics comparable to those of the conventional film-coated tablet (FCT) formulation."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of an orally disintegrating film formulation with a film-coated tablet formulation of sildenafil in healthy Korean subjects: a randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-period crossover study. Kim, H; Kim, HS; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Yeon, KJ, 2013)
" Cardioprotective effects were found over a broad dosage range."	( Pharmacological postconditioning by bolus injection of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors vardenafil and sildenafil. Böhme, S; Ebner, A; Ebner, B; Reetz, A; Schauer, A; Strasser, RH; Weinbrenner, C, 2013)
"To assess persistence/adherence rates of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE5I) on-demand dosing in Latin American men with erectile dysfunction (ED), and explore patient characteristics and treatment factors that may be predictive for PDE5I persistence and adherence."	( A 6 month, prospective, observational study of PDE5 inhibitor treatment persistence and adherence in Latin American men with erectile dysfunction. Borregales, L; Cairoli, C; Reyes, LA; Rubio-Aurioles, E; Sorsaburu, S, 2013)
"Men from Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela with ED who were naïve to PDE5Is were prescribed sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or lodenafil on-demand dosing and asked to provide information about PDE5I use at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months."	( A 6 month, prospective, observational study of PDE5 inhibitor treatment persistence and adherence in Latin American men with erectile dysfunction. Borregales, L; Cairoli, C; Reyes, LA; Rubio-Aurioles, E; Sorsaburu, S, 2013)
" Persistence was defined as use of ≥1 dose during the prior 4 weeks, adherence as compliance with dosing instructions during the most recent dose."	( A 6-month, prospective, observational study of PDE5 inhibitor treatment persistence and adherence in Middle Eastern and North African men with erectile dysfunction. Al-Mitwalli, K; El-Meliegy, A; Gurbuz, S; Hussein, T; Istarabadi, M; Lei, Y; Mostafa, T; Rabah, D, 2013)
"01) with no dose-response effect."	( Sildenafil exposure and hemodynamic effect after stage II single-ventricle surgery. Barker, PC; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Fleming, GA; Hill, KD; Laughon, M; Li, JS; Tunks, RD, 2013)
" However, data to guide sildenafil dosing and weaning are limited."	( Sildenafil weaning after discharge in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Behrsin, J; Cheung, M; Patel, N, 2013)
" After decreasing his anti-androgen dosage and starting a specified regimen of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy, his serum PSA levels were found to be elevated."	( Prostate cancer risk after anti-androgen treatment for priapism. Burnett, AL; Goetz, T, 2014)
" Bosentan (1E-7 M) significantly attenuated combined ET-1/NE dose-response curves in PA (93."	( Combination of sildenafil and bosentan for pulmonary hypertension in a human ex vivo model. Hoenicka, M; Hofmann, HS; Liebold, A; Neu, R; Potzger, T; Ried, M; Sziklavari, Z; Szöke, T, 2014)
"01) with no dose-response effect."	( Sildenafil exposure and hemodynamic effect after Fontan surgery. Barker, PC; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Fleming, GA; Hill, KD; Laughon, M; Li, JS; Tunks, RD, 2014)
" An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of sildenafil citrate has been developed for the benefit of patients who have difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms."	( Pharmacokinetics of a novel orodispersible tablet of sildenafil in healthy subjects. Coupe, A; Crownover, P; Damle, B; Duczynski, G; Jeffers, BW; LaBadie, RR, 2014)
" Food and Drug Administration's warning against the use of sildenafil in pediatric patients, we aimed to provide an updated overview of the dosing and safety of sildenafil in infants and to explore the relevance of the present safety concerns to the infant population."	( Safety of sildenafil in infants*. Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Smith, PB; van den Anker, JN, 2014)
" The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal dosage and the effects of sildenafil on prognosis of patients with PH after left-sided valvular surgery."	( Effects of sildenafil on prognosis in patients with pulmonary hypertension after left-sided valvular surgery. Jiang, G; Li, B; Liu, Y; Xu, E; Xu, Z; Zhang, G, 2014)
" Other regimens such as higher dosage prior to blast exposure and combination with other treatments deserve further investigation to optimize the therapeutic effects."	( Therapeutic effect of sildenafil on blast-induced tinnitus and auditory impairment. Hojjat, H; Kallakuri, S; Mahmood, G; Mei, Z; Pace, E; Zhang, JS, 2014)
" We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil by a systematic dosing protocol to prevent recurrent ischemic priapism associated with sickle cell disease."	( Randomized controlled trial of sildenafil for preventing recurrent ischemic priapism in sickle cell disease. Anele, UA; Burnett, AL; Casella, JF; Strouse, JJ; Trueheart, IN, 2014)
"Sildenafil use by systematic dosing may offer a strategy to prevent recurrent ischemic priapism in patients with sickle cell disease."	( Randomized controlled trial of sildenafil for preventing recurrent ischemic priapism in sickle cell disease. Anele, UA; Burnett, AL; Casella, JF; Strouse, JJ; Trueheart, IN, 2014)
" Young male Wistar rats were dosed with extract at 100 mg/kg body weight for 28 days and its effects on sexual behavior and penile smooth muscle : collagen level were observed."	( Effect of Cinnamomum cassia methanol extract and sildenafil on arginase and sexual function of young male Wistar rats. Dethe, S; Goswami, SK; Inamdar, MN; Jamwal, R, 2014)
" Persistence was defined as using ≥ 1 dose during the previous 4 - weeks, and adherence as following dosing instructions for the most recent dose, assessed using the Persistence and Adherence Questionnaire."	( PDE5 inhibitor treatment persistence and adherence in Brazilian men: post-hoc analyses from a 6-month, prospective, observational study. Cairoli, C; Henneges, C; Reyes, LA; Sorsaburu, S, )
" Pulmonary absorption of nitrite was rapid and complete, and plasma exposure dose was proportional through the MTD dosage level of 90 mg, without accumulation following repeated inhalation."	( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of nebulized sodium nitrite (AIR001) following repeat-dose inhalation in healthy subjects. Alcorn, H; Attkins, NJ; Barker, GE; Bott, AW; Bradley, S; Gladwin, MT; Hoye, WL; Hussaini, A; Masamune, H; Parsley, EL; Rix, PJ; Shiva, S; Vick, A, 2015)
" Sildenafil (SIL) and vardenafil (VAR) are approved for as-needed (PRN) dosing; tadalafil (TAD) is approved for both PRN and once-a-day (OaD) dosing for ED."	( Comparative efficacy of tadalafil once daily in men with erectile dysfunction who demonstrated previous partial responses to as-needed sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil. Baygani, S; Burns, P; Goldfischer, E; Kim, E; Seftel, A, 2015)
" The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil and boceprevir when dosed separately and together in healthy volunteers."	( A Phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of boceprevir and sildenafil when dosed separately and together, in healthy male volunteers. Back, D; Cooke, G; Else, L; Goldmeier, D; Khoo, S; Mears, A; Mora-Peris, B; Weston, R; Winston, A, 2015)
" More recently, tadalafil has been introduced allowing once daily dosing with apparently similar efficacy to sildenafil in children."	( Risk-benefit considerations when prescribing phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in children. Bentley, S; Magee, AG; Makhecha, S, 2015)
" All patients were able to perform sexual intercourse without the previously used dosage of PDE5 inhibitor."	( Venous leakage treatment revisited: pelvic venoablation using aethoxysclerol under air block technique and Valsalva maneuver. Herwig, R; Sansalone, S, 2015)
"To evaluate the correlation between the dosage frequency of sildenafil and its treatment outcomes in men with erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( Association Between Dosage Frequency and the Treatment Outcomes of Sildenafil in Young and Middle-aged Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Chinese, Multicenter, Observational Study. Hong, K; Jiang, H; Liu, R; Mao, J; Tang, W; Yang, Y; Zhao, L, 2015)
"Nine hundred thirty-five patients were enrolled in the ≤1 weekly, 573 in the 2-3 weekly, and 158 in the 4-7 weekly dosage frequency cohorts."	( Association Between Dosage Frequency and the Treatment Outcomes of Sildenafil in Young and Middle-aged Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Chinese, Multicenter, Observational Study. Hong, K; Jiang, H; Liu, R; Mao, J; Tang, W; Yang, Y; Zhao, L, 2015)
"Higher dosage frequency of sildenafil is associated with a better improvement of sexual function and quality of life of men with ED, and the concomitant treatment of hyperlipidemia is recommended."	( Association Between Dosage Frequency and the Treatment Outcomes of Sildenafil in Young and Middle-aged Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Chinese, Multicenter, Observational Study. Hong, K; Jiang, H; Liu, R; Mao, J; Tang, W; Yang, Y; Zhao, L, 2015)
" The model was robust enough to allow prospective predictions of macitentan-drug combinations not studied, including an alternative dosing regimen of ketoconazole and nine other CYP3A4-interacting drugs."	( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Macitentan: Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions. Buchmann, S; de Kanter, R; Delahaye, S; Gnerre, C; Kohl, C; Segrestaa, J; Sidharta, PN; Treiber, A, 2016)
" The cerebella of the mice were dissected and processed for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (frozen), western blotting and dosage of cytokines (Elisa)."	( Involvement of AMPK, IKβα-NFκB and eNOS in the sildenafil anti-inflammatory mechanism in a demyelination model. Barbosa, KP; da Cruz-Höfling, MA; Luna, RL; Nunes, AK; Peixoto, CA; Rapôso, C; Rocha, SW, 2015)
" More data are needed to determine the effectiveness and dosing of sildenafil in improving outcomes for term and premature infants."	( Sildenafil in Term and Premature Infants: A Systematic Review. Laughon, M; Perez, KM, 2015)
" Despite a higher rate of concomitant diseases, patients in the higher dosage of sildenafil group had a better outcome in the average monthly frequency of sexual intercourse and sexual enjoyment compared with those in the lower dosage."	( Effects of Two Different Dosages of Sildenafil on Patients With Erectile Dysfunction. Bai, G; Davis, MR; Fang, Y; Ji, Z; Jiang, H; Li, H; Liu, D; Shi, B; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2017)
" This study demonstrates that nightly sildenafil citrate does not provide a therapeutic benefit for recovery of erectile function post-prostatectomy when compared to on-demand dosing using both self-reported as well as objective measures."	( A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of on-Demand vs. nightly sildenafil citrate as assessed by Rigiscan and the international index of erectile function. Cullen, J; Dean, RC; Hawksworth, DJ; Hurwitz, LM; Kim, DJ; Lue, TF; Rosner, IL, 2016)
" It was designed to increase dosing practicality and decrease potential temporal non-adherence through circumventing the relatively complex temporal dosing scheme."	( Single dose sublingual testosterone and oral sildenafil vs. a dual route/dual release fixed dose combination tablet: a pharmacokinetic comparison. Bloemers, J; de Leede, L; Frijlink, HW; Koppeschaar, HP; Olivier, B; Tuiten, A; van Rooij, K, 2016)
" From a patient perspective, it is anticipated that the film formulations of sildenafil citrate will provide a more compliant and discreet dosage form."	( Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Sildenafil Oral Soluble Film 100 mg and Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) 100 mg Oral Tablets in Healthy Male Volunteers. Dadey, E, )
" For sublingual application, sildenafil and its citrate were formulated in 2 different dosage forms: the first was a sublingual spray consisting of sildenafil in 2 microemulsion systems, oleic acid or propylene glycol (PG), and the second was sublingual tablets prepared with various granulated sublingual sprays adsorbed onto a silicate adsorbant (Florite(®) R), binders (Cyclocel(®) or EMDEX(®)), and disintegrants (Ac-Di-Sol(®) or Kollidon(®) CL)."	( Rapid-Onset Sildenafil Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits. Chen, RN; Chou, PY; Ho, HO; Hsieh, CM; Sheu, MT, 2016)
" Sildenafil inhibited 5-HT dose-response contraction curve mainly in PH+IPF and PH, but not in healthy donors."	( Vascular effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: an ex vivo/in vitro study. Artigues, E; Cortijo, J; Escrivá, J; Juan, G; Milara, J; Morcillo, E; Ortiz, JL, 2016)
" Plasma samples were collected for 12 h after dosing and analyzed for sildenafil concentration."	( Effects of Lemon and Seville Orange Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sildenafil in Healthy Subjects. Abdelkawy, KS; Donia, AM; Elbarbry, F; Turner, RB, 2016)
"Even though experimental designs are becoming popular especially for conventional dosage forms, limited studies have been performed to optimize formulations of orally disintegrating films (ODFs)."	( Formulation Optimization and in Vitro Characterization of Orally Disintegrating Films Using a Factorial Design and Mathematical Modeling for Drug Release. Choi, DH; Jeong, SH; Lee, Y; Thapa, P; Woo, MH, 2017)
"The practice of treating PAH patients with oral or intravenous sildenafil suffers from the limitations of short dosing intervals, peripheral vasodilation, unwanted side effects, and restricted use in pediatric patients."	( Inhaled sildenafil as an alternative to oral sildenafil in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ahsan, F; McMurtry, IF; Nozik-Grayck, E; Patel, B; Rashid, J; Stenmark, KR, 2017)
"PAH patients receiving a stable combination treatment with ERA and PDE-5i with targeted dosage for at least 1 month were routinely assessed, including clinical parameters and plasma drug concentrations."	( Plasma Drug Concentrations in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Combination Treatment. Benjamin, N; Burhenne, J; Egenlauf, B; Enderle, Y; Fischer, C; Grünig, E; Haefeli, WE; Harutyunova, S; Huppertz, A; Klose, H; Ohnesorge, J, 2017)
"We extracted information on sildenafil dosing and clinical characteristics from electronic health records of 348 neonatal ICUs from 1997 to 2013, and we predicted drug exposure using a population pharmacokinetic model."	( Association between oral sildenafil dosing, predicted exposure, and systemic hypotension in hospitalised infants. Clark, RH; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CP; Laughon, MM; Onufrak, NJ; Smith, PB, 2018)
" In multivariable analysis, neither dosing nor exposure were associated with systemic hypotension: odds ratio=0."	( Association between oral sildenafil dosing, predicted exposure, and systemic hypotension in hospitalised infants. Clark, RH; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CP; Laughon, MM; Onufrak, NJ; Smith, PB, 2018)
"We found no association between sildenafil dosing or exposure with systemic hypotension."	( Association between oral sildenafil dosing, predicted exposure, and systemic hypotension in hospitalised infants. Clark, RH; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CP; Laughon, MM; Onufrak, NJ; Smith, PB, 2018)
"Sildenafil and tadalafil are widely-used phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for which no clear dose-response relationship could be established."	( Cyclic guanosine monophosphate modulates accumulation of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in human platelets. Bajraktari, G; Bugert, P; Burhenne, J; Haefeli, WE; Weiss, J, 2017)
" Sildenafil has also been proven as an agent to decrease drug-efflux by cancer cells and increases blood perfusion to lung tissue, which can potentially increase the dosage of chemotherapeutic agents delivered to lung cancer cells compared to healthy tissue."	( The Rationale for Repurposing Sildenafil for Lung Cancer Treatment. Ashton, JC; Keats, T; Rosengren, RJ, 2018)
" Because various PDE5Is vary in their duration of action and dosage regimen, this may be an important consideration in selecting the optimal agent for the ED patient."	( Sexual habits of men with ED who take phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: a survey conducted in 7 countries. Hassan, TA; Mulhall, JP; Rienow, J, 2018)
" The time to sexual intercourse after dosing was ≤1 hour for 70% and ≤4 hours for 96% of men."	( Sexual habits of men with ED who take phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: a survey conducted in 7 countries. Hassan, TA; Mulhall, JP; Rienow, J, 2018)
"Sildenafil citrate (SIL), a type 5-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, demonstrates valuable results in the management of infertility in women; however, the absence of vaginal dosage form in addition to the associated oral adverse effects minimize its clinical performance."	( Novel in situ gelling vaginal sponges of sildenafil citrate-based cubosomes for uterine targeting. Abdel-Razik, AH; Aboud, HM; Ali, AA; Hassan, AH, 2018)
" Analysed dosage forms contained cyproheptadine and dexamethasone in concentrations higher than therapeutic doses."	( Determination of synthetic pharmaceutical adulterants in herbal weight gain supplements sold in herb shops, Tehran, Iran. Akhgari, M; Bahmanabadi, L; Bazmi, E; Mousavi, Z; Saberi, N, 2018)
" Compared with the plain drugs, given via the pulmonary or oral route as a single or dual combination, PLGA particles of the drugs, although given at a longer dosing interval compared with the plain drugs, caused more pronounced reduction in mPAP without affecting mean systemic pressure, improved cardiac function, slowed down right heart remodeling, and reduced arterial muscularization."	( Inhaled combination of sildenafil and rosiglitazone improves pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac function, and arterial remodeling. Ahsan, F; McMurtry, IF; Nozik-Grayck, E; Rashid, J; Stenmark, KR, 2019)
" The proposed method of microtomographic image analysis and processing enables to identify solid dosage forms, including those that are an accurate chemical copy, with high sensitivity and specificity, 94."	( The use of microtomographic imaging in the identification of counterfeit medicines. Błońska-Fajfrowska, B; Deda, A; Duda, P; Ivanova, D; Kiselova-Kaneva, Y; Koprowski, R; Stolecka-Warzecha, A; Wilczyński, S, 2019)
" We aimed to determine if initial enteral sildenafil dosing is safe in children receiving concurrent vasoactive infusions."	( Safety of enteral sildenafil in hemodynamically unstable children. Beckman, EJ; Bednarz, AM; Israel, EN; Johansen, M; Thomas, CA, 2019)
" Herein, we have successfully modeled the U-shaped sildenafil dose-response in vitro and utilized this model to assess potential mechanisms of this dose-response relationship."	( Biphasic Effect of Sildenafil on Energy Sensing is Mediated by Phosphodiesterases 2 and 3 in Adipocytes and Hepatocytes. Banerjee, J; Bruckbauer, A; Thorpe, T; Zemel, MB, 2019)
" Future studies of dosing and efficacy that target different regimens of sildenafil are warranted before sildenafil is recommended for the prevention of BPD."	( Prophylactic Sildenafil in Preterm Infants at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Abounahia, FF; Abounahia, MF; Abu-Ghalwa, M; Abu-Jarir, R; Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D; Al-Rifai, H; Kurdi, B; Mansour, A, 2019)
"We successfully characterized the PK of sildenafil and DMS in premature infants and applied the model to inform dosing for a follow-up, phase II study."	( Population pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in extremely premature infants. Ambalavanan, N; Atz, A; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gaedigk, R; Ge, S; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Laughon, MM; Martz, K; Mills, M; Mundakel, G; Poindexter, BB; Smith, PB; Sokol, GM; Stewart, D, 2019)
" The dosing situation under the tested fasting condition does not represent the expected common use of this product."	( The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil after Single Administration of a Sublingual Testosterone and Oral Sildenafil Combination Tablet in Healthy Female Subjects. Bloemers, J; de Leede, L; Frijlink, HW; Gerritsen, J; Koppeschaar, HPF; Olivier, B; Tuiten, A; van der Geest, R; van Rooij, K, 2019)
"6 mg/kg/day, iNO is dosed at 20 ppm."	( The CoDiNOS trial protocol: an international randomised controlled trial of intravenous sildenafil versus inhaled nitric oxide for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Allegaert, K; Cochius-den Otter, S; Greenough, A; Patel, N; Schaible, T; Tibboel, D; van Heijst, A; van Rosmalen, J, 2019)
"Increased ciliary beat frequency occurred after a single dose of 40 mg sildenafil and after extended dosing of 40 mg sildenafil."	( The effects of sildenafil on ciliary beat frequency in patients with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease: phase I/II trial. Barnhart, L; Bryant, C; Fowler, C; Holland, SM; Olivier, K; Shaffer, R; Smith, C; Wu, UI, 2020)
" These findings suggest that the formulations developed here presented the potential to enhance drug oral absorption with the possibility to control drug dosage as they are liquid pharmaceutical formulations."	( In Silico studies of novel Sildenafil self-emulsifying drug delivery system absorption improvement for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Abrahim-Vieira, BA; Abreu, LCL; Barros, RC; Cabral, LM; Carmo, FAD; HonÓrio, TS; Moreira, RSS; Rodrigues, CR; Sousa, VP; Souza, AMT, 2020)
"In order to evaluate the bioequivalence and benefits of a new dosage form of the type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, sildenafil, two open-label studies in healthy male volunteers were carried out."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
"An open, randomized, crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetics after a single dose of sildenafil at a dosage of 50 mg on an empty stomach in a new spray form (test drug) and in a traditional tablet form (comparison drug) on 44 volunteers (18 to 43 years old) was done."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
" In addition, it was shown that when taking Viagra after a meal, the determination of sildenafil in plasma was delayed (after 30 minutes) compared to the tested drugs (after 10 minutes), however, significant differences in Tmax between the dosage forms were not seen."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
"The bioavailability of the new dosage form, the sildenafil spray, is equivalent to the traditional form, however, it has an advantage in terms of onset of action."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
"Our results suggest that the new dosage form of sildenafil is a reliable alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction."	( [Pharmacokinetic features of sildenafil spray in healthy men depending on food intake]. Krivoborodov, GG; Rodionov, GG; Vasilyuk, VB; Vetrova, MV; Zakharov, KA, 2020)
" And also sildenafil as a PDE-5 inhibitor could be used as additive treatment in combination with cisplatin to make a reduction in cisplatin dosage and its side effects."	( Sildenafil enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Ayoubzadeh, N; Azimi, AI; Goudarzi, KA; Hassanvand, F; Hassanzadeh, N; Khodamoradi, M; Mirzaei, HR; Mohammadi, T; Pourghadamyari, H; Sanikhani, NS; Tavakoli, A; Zaimy, MA, )
"Sildenafil is a widely used drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in a dosage ranging from 50 to 100 mg per day."	( Sildenafil Misuse for its Psychoactive Properties? A Case Report. Bhad, R; Mathur, R; Parmar, A; Rajpurohit, SS; Rao, R; Tundup, T, )
" Rapid-dissolving tablets are relatively novel dosage forms that can be prepared by extemporaneous compounding and potentially provide unique advantages for medications like sildenafil."	( Physical-chemical Stability of Compounded Sildenafil 100-mg Rapid-dissolving Tablets. Cheung, M; Dave, VS; Zhao, F, )
" The study concluded that SC-loaded LPMs could provide better therapeutic efficacy, reduced dosing frequency, and enhanced patient compliance."	( Formulation and optimization of sildenafil citrate-loaded PLGA large porous microparticles using spray freeze-drying technique: A factorial design and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study. Chablani, L; Chougule, MB; Mahmoud, AA; Mansour, SM; Shahin, H; Vinjamuri, BP, 2021)
" An analysis of drug exposure-time and high-resolution response-time data of HR and mean arterial blood pressure was performed after acute oral dosing of ivabradine, sildenafil, dofetilide, and pimobendan in Han-Wistar rats."	( An Integrative Approach for Improved Assessment of Cardiovascular Safety Data. Gabrielsson, J; Jirstrand, M; Martel, E; Pairet, N; Scheuerer, S; Wallman, M, 2021)
"We suggested six simple, precise, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods based on mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations to resolve the spectra of DAP and SIL in their bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage form and estimate the relevant individual concentrations."	( Spectral analysis of severely overlapping spectra based on newly developed mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations: An application to the concurrent determination of dapoxetine and sildenafil in combined dosage form. Abd El-Hay, SS; Attala, K; Eissa, MS; El-Henawee, MM, 2021)
"We determined the performance of the suggested methods for estimating DAP and SIL in their laboratory mixtures and their combined pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Spectral analysis of severely overlapping spectra based on newly developed mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations: An application to the concurrent determination of dapoxetine and sildenafil in combined dosage form. Abd El-Hay, SS; Attala, K; Eissa, MS; El-Henawee, MM, 2021)
"The combination of XMA and SIL can improve the efficacy of pulmonary hypertension and reduce the dosage of SIL."	( Xinmai 'an extract enhances the efficacy of sildenafil in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension via inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway. Li, C; Li, G; Sun, Y; Zhang, S; Zhao, B; Zhao, Y; Zhu, Y, 2021)
"Intravenous (IV) sildenafil may be administered as a continuous infusion or intermittent bolus dosing in infants with pulmonary hypertension (PH)."	( Continuous and intermittent administration of intravenous sildenafil in critically ill infants with pulmonary hypertension. Burns, J; Cerise, JE; Hayes, DA; Kulkarni, A; Molina Berganza, F; Sharma, C, 2021)
"Therefore, solid SNEDDS could be recommended as an oral dosage form for enhancing the oral bioavailability of sildenafil."	( Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres. Cheon, S; Choi, HG; Din, FU; Ji, SH; Jin, SG; Kim, DS; Kim, JO; Kim, JS; Lee, SM; Lim, SJ; Oh, KT; Woo, MR; Youn, YS, 2021)
" The article also discusses the methods for preparation of lodenafil, its physical-chemical properties, analytical methods for its determination, pharmacological-toxicological properties, and dosing information."	( Lodenafil. Al-Majed, AA; Alshehri, YM; Attwa, MW; Bakheit, AH, 2022)
" Unfortunately, SC was commonly found in oral, injection, and transdermal dosage forms with some limitations, mainly related to low oral bioavailability caused by the occurrence of first-pass metabolism in the liver, and poor patient comfort and compliance."	( Hydrogel forming microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of sildenafil citrate from polyethylene glycol reservoir: An ex vivo proof of concept study. Afika, N; Asri, RM; Elim, D; Fitri, AMN; Mahfud, MAS; Permana, AD; Sultan, NAF, 2023)
"Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) are modified-release dosage forms designed to prolong their residence time in the upper gastrointestinal tract, where some drugs are preferentially absorbed, and increase the drug bioavailability."	( Model-Informed drug development of gastroretentive release systems for sildenafil citrate. Diniz, A; Miriam de Souza Lima, M; Novaes Borges, L; Pinheiro de Souza, F; Sonego Zimmermann, E; Tafet Carminato Silva, R; Villa Nova, M, 2023)
" In group I (n=30), patients took a dispersible form of the drug sildenafil, 50 mg ("Ridzhamp") 60 minutes before sexual intercourse; in group II (n=30), a standard form of the drug sildenafil was prescribed at a dosage of 50 mg, 60 minutes before sexual intercourse."	( [Evaluation of the efficiency and safety of the dispersed form of sildenafil (50 mg) in males with erectile dysfunction]. Al-Shukri, AS; Dub, NI; Konyushiy, VS; Maksimova, AV; Petrov, SB, 2023)

Role	Description
vasodilator agent	A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor	An EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor that blocks the action of 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
citrate salt	A salt of citric acid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3191	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.1354	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID1259381
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8493	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.0834	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346784; AID1347036
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.7540	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.6093	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691; AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.2155	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.7661	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224849; AID1259401
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.2362	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID1346985
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8325	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	22.3872	0.1000	9.1916	31.6228	AID1346983
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.6315	4.4531	9.3000	AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	26.8000	0.2000	5.6774	10.0000	AID1473741
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0036	0.0000	1.1843	9.6140	AID1446346; AID158099; AID634183
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	132.0000	0.1100	7.1903	10.0000	AID1473738
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	2.4100	6.3433	10.0000	AID1473739
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	73.0000	0.2400	0.8192	1.6700	AID431566
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	1.0800	0.0200	1.7219	7.4000	AID431557
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	31.3000	0.0110	1.4273	7.8000	AID431558
Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	13.4000	0.0910	0.7285	1.1200	AID431559
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	15.2000	0.0790	4.4560	7.3000	AID431560
Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	2.3700	1.2000	5.8276	9.5400	AID431563
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	16.8000	0.0100	2.7926	9.8100	AID431561
Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	72.9000	0.7100	3.8756	10.0000	AID431564
Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	34.0000	0.0090	4.2493	9.7100	AID431565
Carbonic anhydrase 13	Mus musculus (house mouse)	KA	27.5000	0.0130	1.5140	4.6000	AID431567
Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	32.4000	0.0100	2.2894	7.2100	AID431568
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	6.5400	0.0440	2.1205	10.0000	AID431562
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic process	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assembly	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulation	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrous cycle	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell proliferation	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP catabolic process	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
oocyte development	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac muscle	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of oocyte development	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-mediated signaling	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretion	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transport	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosterone	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
ATP binding	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP binding	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nickel cation binding	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular_component	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulum	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID431564	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 7 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431557	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431561	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5A by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431571	Activation of carbonic anhydrase in Sprague-Dawley rat red blood cells at 1 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by colorimetry relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431560	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 4 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431562	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5B by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID1386251	Anti-hypertensive activity in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension Wistar rat model assessed as mean pulmonary artery pressure at 10 mg/kg, po administered for 3 weeks (Rvb = 52.55 mmHg)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-27, Volume: 61, Issue:18	Optimization of Chromeno[2,3- c]pyrrol-9(2 H)-ones as Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable PDE5 Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationship, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Pharmacodynamic Effect on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID634183	Inhibition of human PDE5 isolated from corpus cavernosum after 30 to 60 mins by scintillation counting method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1	The discovery of UK-369003, a novel PDE5 inhibitor with the potential for oral bioavailability and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics.
AID431570	Half life in po dosed human plasma	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID1596322	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged full length human PDE5A1 expressed in Sf9 cells using FAM-cGMP as substrate at 10xIC50 incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence plate reader analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	InCl
AID1557545	Invivo inhibition of PDE5 in Wistar rat assessed as increase in cGMP level in lungs at 10 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 weeks by ELISA	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-11, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Validation of Phosphodiesterase-10 as a Novel Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Highly Selective and Subnanomolar Inhibitors.
AID431559	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 3 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431558	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431567	Activation of mouse recombinant carbonic anhydrase 13 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID1596323	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged full length human PDE6C expressed in Sf9 cells using FAM-cGMP as substrate at 10xIC50 incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence plate reader analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	InCl
AID1596301	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged full length human PDE6C expressed in Sf9 cells using FAM-cGMP as substrate at 1xIC50 incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence plate reader analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	InCl
AID431565	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 9 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431573	Activation of carbonic anhydrase in Sprague-Dawley rat red blood cells at 1 mg/kg, po after 5 hrs by colorimetry relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID431572	Activation of carbonic anhydrase in Sprague-Dawley rat red blood cells at 1 mg/kg, po after 3 hrs by colorimetry relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID1446419	Inhibition of hypertrophic response in Wistar rat model of monocrotaline pulmonary arterial hypertension assessed as reduction of MCT-induced increase in small pulmonary artery wall thickness at 10 mg/kg, po for 3 weeks	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	Discovery and Optimization of Chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-ones as Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID431569	Metabolic stability in po dosed human serum assessed as N-desmethyl sildenafil level	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID1386255	Anti-hypertensive activity in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in wall thickness percentage at 10 mg/kg, po administered for 3 weeks	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-27, Volume: 61, Issue:18	Optimization of Chromeno[2,3- c]pyrrol-9(2 H)-ones as Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable PDE5 Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationship, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Pharmacodynamic Effect on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID1557546	Invivo inhibition of PDE5 in Wistar rat assessed as effect on cAMP level in lungs at 10 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 weeks by ELISA	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-11, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Validation of Phosphodiesterase-10 as a Novel Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Highly Selective and Subnanomolar Inhibitors.
AID1473741	Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1446346	Inhibition of PDE5A1 catalytic domain (535 to 860 residues) (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using [3H]cGMP as substrate after 15 mins by liquid scintillation counting method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	Discovery and Optimization of Chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-ones as Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID1557536	Anti-hypersensitive activity in Wistar rat model of MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension assessed as effect on mean pulmonary artery pressure at 10 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 weeks	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-11, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Validation of Phosphodiesterase-10 as a Novel Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Highly Selective and Subnanomolar Inhibitors.
AID1386253	Anti-hypertensive activity in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in RVHI at 10 mg/kg, po administered for 3 weeks	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-27, Volume: 61, Issue:18	Optimization of Chromeno[2,3- c]pyrrol-9(2 H)-ones as Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable PDE5 Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationship, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Pharmacodynamic Effect on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID1446416	Reduction in MCT-induced increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure in Wistar rat model of monocrotaline pulmonary arterial hypertension assessed as mean pulmonary arterial pressure at 10 mg/kg, po for 3 weeks (Rvb = 32.74 mmHg)	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	Discovery and Optimization of Chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-ones as Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID1596279	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged full length human PDE6C expressed in Sf9 cells using FAM-cGMP as substrate at 0.1xIC50 incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence plate reader analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	InCl
AID1473738	Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1557538	Anti-hypersensitive activity in Wistar rat model of MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension assessed as effect on wall thickness at 10 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 weeks	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-11, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Validation of Phosphodiesterase-10 as a Novel Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Highly Selective and Subnanomolar Inhibitors.
AID225951	Vasorelaxant effect was evaluated on isolated porcine coronary arteries precontracted with PGF-2 alpha	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13	4-(3-Chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)aminophthalazines: synthesis and inhibitory activity toward phosphodiesterase 5.
AID431566	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 12 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID158099	50% inhibitory concentration against phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) from porcine platelets	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13	4-(3-Chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)aminophthalazines: synthesis and inhibitory activity toward phosphodiesterase 5.
AID1557537	Anti-hypersensitive activity in Wistar rat model of MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension assessed as effect on right ventricular hypertrophy index at 10 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 weeks	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-11, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Validation of Phosphodiesterase-10 as a Novel Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Highly Selective and Subnanomolar Inhibitors.
AID1596300	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged full length human PDE5A1 expressed in Sf9 cells using FAM-cGMP as substrate at 1xIC50 incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence plate reader analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	InCl
AID431563	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 6 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID1473740	Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1473739	Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1446360	Oral bioavailability in rat	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-10, Volume: 60, Issue:15	Discovery and Optimization of Chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-ones as Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
AID1596277	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged full length human PDE5A1 expressed in Sf9 cells using FAM-cGMP as substrate at 0.1xIC50 incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence plate reader analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	InCl
AID431568	Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 14 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Sildenafil is a strong activator of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV.
AID686947	qHTS for small molecule inhibitors of Yes1 kinase: Primary Screen	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Identification of potent Yes1 kinase inhibitors using a library screening approach.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347151	Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347057	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347058	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347410	qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library	2019	Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60	A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347059	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347405	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	322 (5.89)	18.2507
2000's	2586 (47.29)	29.6817
2010's	2075 (37.95)	24.3611
2020's	485 (8.87)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	956 (16.31%)	5.53%
Reviews	810 (13.82%)	6.00%
Case Studies	622 (10.61%)	4.05%
Observational	23 (0.39%)	0.25%
Other	3,451 (58.87%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (396)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase 2 Study of Fetal Growth Retardation Treatment by Sildenafil[NCT01107782]	Phase 2/Phase 3	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Recruiting
Early Start of Oral Sildenafil 100mg for Erectile Dysfunction After Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy[NCT01054001]		124 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Recruiting
Phase IV Study on the Effects of Sildenafil in Combination With Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program on Exercise Tolerance in Patients With COPD and Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT01055405]	Phase 4	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Multinational, Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind Study To Assess The Efficacy And Safety Of Oral Sildenafil 20mg Tid Or Placebo When Added To Bosentan In The Treatment Of Subjects, Aged 18 Years And Above, With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Pah)[NCT00323297]	Phase 4	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
Role of CD36 in Nutrient Delivery and Its Dysfunction in African Americans[NCT03012386]	Phase 1/Phase 2	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Does Modulation of the nNOS System in Patients With Muscular Dystrophy and Defect nNOS Signalling Affect Cardiac, Muscular or Cognitive Function?[NCT01350154]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
Functional Muscle Ischemia and PDE5A Inhibition in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy[NCT01359670]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil Citrate Compared to Estrogen as Adjuvant Therapy on Improvement of Endometrial Thickness and Treatment of Unexplained Infertility[NCT05753098]	Phase 4	148 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-15	Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sildenafil on Time to Healing in Patients With Scleroderma and Ischaemic Digital Ulcers: a Prospective, Longitudinal, Randomized, Comparative, Double-blind, 2-parallel-arm, Placebo-controlled Study[NCT01295736]	Phase 3	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
Pilot Study for Perfusion Heterogeneity: a Mechanistic Image-Based Emphysema Phenotype[NCT03733470]	Phase 4	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-29	Completed
Acute Effect of Sildenafil on Exercise Tolerance and Functional Capacity in COPD, IPF and Post Pneumonectomy Patients[NCT01382368]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Enrolling by invitation
Esomeprazole Alone or With Sildenafil Citrate in Women With Early-onset Preeclampsia: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03724838]		180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-12-01	Recruiting
Sildenafil Treatment for Traumatic Vascular Injury in Athletes[NCT03598140]	Phase 2	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-25	Terminated(stopped due to PI, Dr. Josh Gaston, left the institution and the study has been stopped.)
"Effect of Tadalafil, Sildenafil and Pentoxyfylline on Endometrial Thickness and Frozen Embryo Transfer Outcomes"[NCT05971667]	Phase 2/Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-30	Not yet recruiting
Treatment of Palmar Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE) With Topical Sildenafil[NCT01219023]	Phase 1	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
A Pivotal Randomised, Open-Label 3-Way Crossover Study To Demonstrate Bioequivalence Of The Sildenafil Citrate Powder For Oral Suspension (10 Mg/Ml) And The Sildenafil Citrate 10 Mg Immediate Release (IR) Tablet Relative To The Revatio 20 Mg IR Tablet In [NCT01247805]	Phase 1	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Effect of Vaginal Sildenafil Citrate on Endometrial Preparation and Outcome in Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles[NCT03854175]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Oral Sildenafil in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Neonates Secondary to Meconium Aspiration Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT01757782]	Phase 4	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Completed
Pilot Open-label Trial of Nivolumab Combined With Chemotherapy in Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes.[NCT03259516]	Phase 1/Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-25	Terminated(stopped due to Slow recruitment rate)
Raising the Bars in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Goal Oriented Strategy to Preserve Ejection Fraction Trial[NCT03236818]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Active, not recruiting
An Open Label Single Arm, Single Centre Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of IV Sildenafil in Neonates With Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)[NCT01360671]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Withdrawn
Avanafil Versus Sildenafil in Spinal Cord Injury Erectile Dysfunction: Non- Inferiority, Randomized, Crossover, Open Clinical Trial[NCT03169582]	Phase 4	78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-01	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Sildenafil Citrate in Relieving Ureteral Stent Related Symptoms[NCT02345980]	Phase 4	94 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Sildenafil Added to Pirfenidone in Patients With Advanced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Intermediate or High Probability[NCT02951429]	Phase 2	177 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Completed
Ergogenic Effect of PDE-5 Inhibitors at Moderate Altitude[NCT03710369]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-01	Completed
"Efficacy and Safety of as Required Sildenafil for Patients With Moderate to Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP)"[NCT02050360]	Phase 2/Phase 3	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, 3-arm Parallel Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of 2 Lower Dose Combined PDE5i's vs. Single Maximal Dose PDE5i Treatment[NCT01364701]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Not yet recruiting
A Comparative Study of Strategies for Management of Duchenne Myopathy in Assiut University Children Hospital[NCT03633565]	Phase 4	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Compare of Continued Nitro Oxide Inhalation and Nitro Oxide Inhalation Continued With Oral Sildenafil on Treatment of Neonatal Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT01373749]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Recruiting
Randomized Open-label Phase 1b Study of Doxorubicin-based Chemotherapy Regimens, With and Without Sildenafil, With Exploratory Analysis of Intermediate Cardiac Markers[NCT01375699]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-11	Completed
A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel and Positive Drug-controlled Clinical Study of Ningbitai Capsule in the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome With Erectile Dysfunction[NCT06064448]	Phase 4	254 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-19	Completed
Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function: a Target of Phosphodiesterase - 5 Inhibition in a 1- Year Duration Study[NCT01156636]	Phase 2/Phase 3	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Satisfaction With the Treatment, Confidence and Naturalness in Engaging in Sexual Activity in Men With Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction: Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Therapeutic Approaches.[NCT01153204]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Completed
Randomized Controlled Study of Sildenafil in Children and Young Adults With Mild to Moderate Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease[NCT01194232]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding, MedWatch change to study drug)
Effect of Preconceptional Sildenafil Citrate Treatment in Women With Early Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03766594]	Phase 1	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
Study About Effectiveness of the Vasodilator Test With Revatio, Made in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Hypertension, at Last Moderate and Secondary at Valve Disease(Corrected With a Normally Functioning Prosthesis).[NCT01091012]	Phase 3	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Recruiting
Effectiveness of Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate Combined With Sildenafil Citrate in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn[NCT04898114]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-02	Recruiting
Sildenafil for Prevention of Cerebral Vasospasm Secondary to Subarachnoid Haemorrhage - Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT01091870]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Absence of inclusion criteria)
VIRTUOSE : Efficiency of Sildenafil on the Absolute Claudication Distance of Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients With Intermittent Claudication. A Phase III, National, Multicentre, Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.[NCT03686306]	Phase 3	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-24	Recruiting
Sildenafil Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Fetal Growth Restriction Treatment[NCT03230162]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Recruiting
A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Control Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Pulmonary Artery Denervation to Improved Functional Capacity and Hemodynamics in Patients With Pulmonary Artery Hypertension[NCT02284737]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-28	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of subjects.)
Efficacy of Sildenafil Citrate to Reduce the Rate of Cesarean Section for Intrapartum Fetal Distress During Induction of Labor[NCT04325243]	Phase 4	410 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Completed
Sildenafil Citrate for Treatment of Growth-restricted Fetuses[NCT03177824]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-30	Recruiting
Reduction de la Morbi-mortalité Cardiovasculaire Chez l'artériopathe Claudicant Par le Sildenafil[NCT02387450]	Phase 2/Phase 3	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Study to Investigate the Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Chorioretinal Blood Flow Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.[NCT04052269]	Phase 3	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-21	Suspended(stopped due to suspended due to COVID)
Efficacy of Beraprost in Lowering Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Children Associated With Left to Right Shunt Congenital Heart Defect[NCT03431649]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-01	Completed
A Multi-Center, Parallel Group, Flexible Dose Trial With A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase Followed By An Open-Label Phase To Assess The Impact Of Viagra On The Sexual Satisfaction Of Men With Mild Erectile Dysfunction[NCT00301262]	Phase 4	183 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia During Exercise in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04715113]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia During Exercise in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04706546]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia During Exercise in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04704440]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia During Exercise in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04697862]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Safety of Sildenafil in Premature Infants With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia[NCT04447989]	Phase 2	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-27	Recruiting
A Pharmacoscintigraphic Clinical Study to Evaluate a Biphasic Release Sildenafil Formulation (With Immediate and Sustained Release Components) Compared to a Marketed Sildenafil Product in Fed and Fasted States[NCT03510338]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-08	Completed
An Open-Label, Three Period, Fixed Sequence Study to Assess the Effect of a Single Dose of BIA 5-1058 400 mg on the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions[NCT04994860]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-22	Completed
Sildenafil Activates Browning of White Adipose and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Human Adults[NCT02524184]	Phase 4	11 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Recruiting
Sildenafil Citrate for Treatment of Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion[NCT03475160]		130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-01	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Endovenous Sildenafil Early Management in Newborns Pulmonary Hypertension: a Clinical Trial[NCT04912726]		42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-15	Not yet recruiting
INSTAGE: A 24-week, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-group Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Nintedanib Co-administered With Oral Sildenafil, Compared to Treatment With Nintedanib Alone, in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF[NCT02802345]	Phase 3	274 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
Intrapartum Sildenafil Citrate to Prevent Non Reassuring Foetal Status Among Parturients Delivering at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, a Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT05558176]	Phase 4	176 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-08	Recruiting
Growth Hormone or Sildenafil as Therapies for Fatigue in MTBI[NCT02114775]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-12	Completed
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study of Sildenafil in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease[NCT00104637]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
Non-Interventional, Prospective Study Of the Evaluation Of Patients Population With ED, Treated With Sildenafil[NCT01108900]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-07-31	Completed
A Local, Multi-Centre, Extension, Open Label Access Study, To Provide Sildenafil Therapy For Patients Who Completed A1481244 Study And Are Judged By The Investigator To Derive Clinical Benefit From Continued Treatment With Sildenafil , Prior To Reimbursem[NCT00866983]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
On Demand Versus Daily Sildenafil for Patients Undergoing Bilateral Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy: a Randomized, Open Label, Parallel Group Trial[NCT01315262]	Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Recruiting
Sildenafil for Treatment of Choroidal Ischemia[NCT04356716]	Phase 2	25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-11-11	Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Oral Sildenafil on Exercise Capacity, Dyspnea and Cardiopulmonary Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)[NCT05061368]	Phase 2	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-01	Recruiting
The Impact of the Vasodilator, Sildenafil, on the Pulmonary Circulation During Exercise in Healthy Trained and Untrained Humans[NCT04985929]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-01	Recruiting
Sildenafil for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Patients With Spinal Cord Injuries[NCT04565925]	Phase 2	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-07	Recruiting
PDE5-Inhibition With Sildenafil Reverses Exercise Oscillatory Breathing in Chronic Heart Failure: a Long-Term Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Placebo-Controlled Study[NCT01185925]	Phase 2	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
A Single-center, Open-label, Single-sequence, 2-part Study to Investigate the Effect of 75 mg Macitentan Once Daily at Steady State on the Pharmacokinetics of Riociguat, Sildenafil, Rosuvastatin and Tadalafil in Healthy Male Subjects[NCT04211272]	Phase 1	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-14	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, International, Multicenter, Double-arm, Controlled, Open-label Study of Riociguat in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Who Are on a Stable Dose of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors (PDE-5i) With or Without Endothe[NCT02891850]	Phase 4	225 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-11	Completed
Evaluation of the Effect of Sildenafil in Hemodialysis Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT03763045]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-02	Active, not recruiting
A Clinical Phase III, Comparative, Open, Multicenter, Prospectively, to Evaluate a Possible Superiority Expressed by the Faster Onset of Action and the Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil Citrate 20mg Sublingual Tablet, Compared to Viagra ® 50mg Tablet Coat[NCT01321489]	Phase 3	78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Not yet recruiting
An Open Label Crossover Study In Healthy Older Male Subjects To Evaluate The Pharmacokinetics And Safety Of Sildenafil Following Fasted Administration Of An Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation Of Sildenafil Administered With Or Without Water Relative[NCT01254383]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sildenafil in Adult Smokers and Non-smokers[NCT04100759]	Phase 1/Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-11	Completed
Sildenafil for Fontan Associated Liver Disease (SiFALD) Study[NCT03154476]	Phase 3	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-05	Completed
Combined On-demand Sildenafil Citrate and Tramadol Hydrochloride for Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind Clinical Trial[NCT05183334]	Phase 4	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-30	Not yet recruiting
Phase I Study of Regorafenib and Sildenafil for Advanced Solid Tumors[NCT02466802]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-01	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil on Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis[NCT00624273]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on Pregnancy Rate in Women Undergoing Induction of Ovulation[NCT02890238]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Regular Sildenafil Citrate in the Prevention of Altitude Illness[NCT00627965]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
A Comparison of Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Pilot Study[NCT04179747]		28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-18	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel Group, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Flexible Dose Escalation Study To Evaluate Sexual And Relationship Satisfaction In The Female Partner Of Men With Erectile Dysfunction Treated With Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) In[NCT00644631]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
Pulmonary Vasodilation by Sildenafil in Acute Pulmonary Embolism[NCT04283240]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-01	Completed
Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System and Fibrinolysis(RAAS) Interaction in Humans- Specific Aim 3[NCT00685945]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Pulmonary Hypertension in Adolescents and Adults With Congenital Heart Disease[NCT00772135]		15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Recruiting
Evaluation of Systemic and Penile Microvascular Endothelial Function and Arterial Pressure After Chronic Administration of Sildenafil in Hypertensive Men With Erectile Dysfunction[NCT02620995]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blinded Placebo Controlled Cross-over Study of Low Dose B-type Natriuretic Peptide (Nesiritide) With or Without Concomitant Phosphodiesterase V (PDE V) Inhibition(Sildenafil) in Congestive Heart Failure Patients With Renal Dysfunction[NCT00818701]	Phase 1	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to started a NIH study that is competing for same subjects)
A Relative Bioavailability Study Between Two Formulations Of Sildenafil Citrate In Healthy Male Subjects, Fasting Dosing, Being The Test Formulation Sildenafil Citrate 100 Mg CT , And The Reference Formulation Sildenafil Citrate 100 Mg Film-Coated Tablets[NCT00904748]	Phase 1	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil on Uterine and Endometrial Vasculature in Women With Thin Endometrium Having Frozen-Thawed IVF Cycles[NCT04283435]	Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Sildenafil Citrate for Endometrial Preparation in Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles[NCT02845388]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
An Open-label, Multicenter Study of Ambrisentan and a Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Who Have Demonstrated a Sub-Optimal Response to a Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor[NCT00617305]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Revatio Special Investigation - Investigation for Long-Term Use of Revatio in Pediatric Patients[NCT03364244]		1,023 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Single Center Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil Administration in the Cardiac ICU Following Mitral Valve Surgery in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT02378649]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
The Effect of Estradiol Valerate With and Without Oral Sildenafil on Endometrial Thickness and Pregnancy Rates in Infertile Women: A R.C.T[NCT03301233]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Completed
Phase I Assessment of NO Mediated Signaling in Cancer Cachexia[NCT02106871]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study did not get funded. Study never started)
Randomized Crossover 2 Period Single Dose Bioequivalence Study of 2 Formulations Sildenafil Tablets 100mg (Pharmtechnology LLC, Belarus) and Viagra® Tablets 100mg (Fareva Amboise, France) in Healthy Male Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions[NCT04882826]	Phase 1	44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-10	Not yet recruiting
Treatment of Neonatal Encephalopathy With Oral Sildenafil Suspension to Repair Brain Injury Secondary to Birth Asphyxia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy (Phase II Study)[NCT06098833]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Phase 1 Single-Dose Double-Blind Vehicle-Controlled 3-Way Crossover Study Using Thermography to Assess the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of L-Arginine and Sildenafil Contained in Sildenafil Cream 3.6% in Normal Healthy Premenopausal Women[NCT05765487]	Phase 1	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-13	Recruiting
The Role of Hemolysis in Promoting Thrombosis During Mechanical Circulatory Support With Continuous Flow Pumps (Aim 2)[NCT03199612]	Early Phase 1	46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-03	Recruiting
A Phase I Study to Determine the Pharmacokinetic Profile, Safety and Tolerability of Sildenafil (REVATIO®) in Cardiac Surgery[NCT02136329]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Vascular Dysfunction in Black Individuals: Roles of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1[NCT04770155]	Early Phase 1	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-27	Terminated(stopped due to Despite significant effort, we were unable to obtain the supply of drugs and supplements needed for the various arms of this Clinical Trial.)
Kids MoD PAH Trial: Mono- vs. Duo-Therapy for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT04039464]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-01	Recruiting
A Phase 1, 2-Part, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multiple Dose Study to Test the Potential Interaction of a PDE5 Inhibitor With BMS-986278 and to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of BMS-986278 in He[NCT05684289]	Phase 1	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-03	Completed
Effect of Oral Sildenafil With Digital Therapeutic Iontophoresis of Sodium Nitroprussiate on Cutaneous Blood Flow in Healthy Volunteers[NCT00710099]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Sildenafil for COPD-associated Pulmonary Hypertension. A Randomized Double Blinded Placebo Controlled Study.[NCT00730067]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to As a single center, it was not possible to recruit enough patients with pulmonary hypertension)
The Sildenafil After Fontan Operation Study[NCT00507819]	Phase 2	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Sickle Cell Disease With Sildenafil Therapy[NCT00492531]	Phase 2	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Subjects on drug were more likely to have severe pain crises requiring hospitalization.)
Cardiovascular Effects of Chronic Sildenafil (Viagra) Treatment in Diabetic Subjects With Endothelial Dysfunction.[NCT00692237]	Phase 4	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Chronic PDE5-Inhibition With Sildenafil Improves Diastolic Function, Cardiac Geometry and Clinical Status in Patients With Stable HF: A 1-Year Prospective Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study[NCT00975494]	Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil in Individuals With Migraine Pretreated With Erenumab: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Two-Way Crossover Trial[NCT05889455]		16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-04-20	Completed
Sildenafil Citrate Therapy for Oligohydramnios[NCT02372487]		184 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Recruiting
A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled 2-way Cross-over Study to Assess the Clitoral Engorgement Response as Measured by Non-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD) When Administered a Single Dose of Silde[NCT00640458]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo Control, Double-blinded, Double-dummy, Phase 2/3 Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of TD0025 (Rocket1h) Compared With Sildenafil Citrate for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction[NCT02798159]	Phase 2/Phase 3	168 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Arm, Multicenter Trial Assessing the Effect of Daily Treatment of Vardenafil 20 mg or Sildenafil 100 mg Compared to Placebo on Spermatogenesis[NCT00655590]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sildenafil Versus Placebo in Preterm Preeclampsia[NCT02782559]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to difficulties acquiring the drug and funding for the drug)
An International, Multicentre, Randomized, Parallel Group, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Flexible Dose Study to Evaluate Self-esteem and Relationships in Males With Erectile Dysfunction Treated With Sildenafil Citrate[NCT00648596]	Phase 4	780 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-05-31	Completed
Development and Clinical Evaluation of Thermosensitive Gels for the Vaginal Delivery of Sildenafil Citrate on the Endometrium of Women Use Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation[NCT02766725]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Sildenafil for Improving Outcomes After Valvular Correction[NCT00862043]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
COMPASS 3: An Open-label, Multi-Center Study Employing a Targeted 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) Distance Threshold Approach to Guide Bosentan-Based Therapy and to Assess the Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on Cardiac Remodeling[NCT00433329]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Oral Sildenafil Citrate: a Potential Approach for Improvement of Endometrial Thickness and Treatment of Unexplained Infertility in Women[NCT05846906]	Phase 2/Phase 3	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-01	Completed
Post-Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction: Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy[NCT00906269]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Active, not recruiting
Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Flexible, Titration Dose Administered on an As Needed Basis (PRN) to Evaluate the Efficacy and the Safety of Sildenafil for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Male Patients on Hemodi[NCT00654017]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
Safety of Sildenafil in Premature Infants at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia[NCT03142568]	Phase 2	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-02	Recruiting
A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Open-Label Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Sildenafil Citrate 20 mg TID in Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT00454207]	Phase 3	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
A Comparison of Psychosocial Outcomes Following Tadalafil Once a Day or PDE5 Inhibitor As Needed in Men With Erectile Dysfunction.[NCT00734604]	Phase 3	378 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Phase 2a, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study Investigating The Dose-response Of Pf-00489791 On Acute Hemodynamics In Subjects With Idiopathic And Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT00853112]	Phase 2	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to See termination reason in detailed description.)
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Role of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Fetal Growth Restriction[NCT02590536]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo and Active Controlled Study of the Activity of SAR407899A Single-dose on the Ability to Increase Duration of Penile Rigidity, Under Experimental Condition, in Patients With Mild to Moderate Erectile Dysfunction (ED).[NCT00914277]	Phase 2	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
An Open-Label, Multi-Center Extension Study To Evaluate The Safety, Toleration And Sustained Efficacy Of Oral Sildenafil Administered To Women Who Have Been Diagnosed With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder[NCT00746967]	Phase 2	267 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
A Randomised, Open-Label 3-Way Crossover Study To Investigate The Relative Bioavailability Of The Crushed Revatio 20 Mg Tablet Mixed With Apple Sauce, The Extemporaneously Prepared Suspension (EP), And The Intact Revatio 20 Mg Tablet In Healthy Volunteers[NCT01027117]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Randomized Phase II Study of Combination Chemotherapy With Sildenafil Plus Carboplatin and Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients With Previously Untreated Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[NCT00752115]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
A Pivotal Study of the Bioequivalence of Oral Viagra® and a Test Sublingual Sildenafil Wafer[NCT02850718]	Phase 3	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
A Single-Blind Study In Healthy Adult Volunteers To Investigate The Palatability Of Different Oral Suspension Formulations Of Revatio®[NCT00768573]		4 participants (Actual)	Observational	2008-01-31	Completed
[NCT02678221]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Not yet recruiting
Phase II Study of the Effects of Sildenafil on CFTR-dependent Ion Transport Activity[NCT01132482]	Phase 2	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
A Multinational, Multi-centre, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 20, 40, and 80mg TID Sildenafil in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Subjects Aged 18 Years and Over[NCT00644605]	Phase 3	275 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
Impact of Tadalafil (LY450190) Once a Day or Tadalafil on Demand Compared to Sildenafil Citrate on Demand on Treatment Discontinuation in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction Who Are naïve to PDE5 Inhibitors[NCT01122264]	Phase 4	770 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
The Role of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in CF Lung Disease[NCT00659529]	Phase 1/Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Phase 4 Study of the Use of Sildenafil (Viagra) to Alter Fatigue, Functional Status and Impaired Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.[NCT00598585]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-07-31	Completed
A 2-Cohort, Multi-Centre, Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled 4-Way Crossover Study To Assess The Efficacy Of Single Oral Doses Of PF-00446687 On Erectile Function In Men Suffering From Erectile Dysfunction, Using 100 Mg Sildenafil As A Positive [NCT00862888]	Phase 2	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
Sildenafil and Stroke Recovery[NCT02628847]	Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment was problematic)
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study of Sildenafil For The Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Pilot Study[NCT00625079]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Withdrawn(stopped due to inclusion/exclusion criteria limited enrollment)
Relative Bioavailability Of Two Sildenafil 100mg Oral Tablet Formulations In Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions.[NCT00902512]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Efficacy of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Penile Rehabilitation Following Radical Prostatectomy (#: 04-07-30-01)[NCT00848497]	Early Phase 1	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of volunteers who would consent to participate and lack of funding)
[NCT00937144]	Phase 4	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to we didnt recieved the medicine)
The Assessment of Right Ventricular Contractility in Response to Sildenafil in Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT00742014]	Phase 3	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to absorption of oral sildenafil not consistent)
An Open-Label, Crossover Study In Healthy Volunteers To Evaluate The Pharmacokinetics Of Sildenafil Following Administration Of Three Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulations Of Sildenafil Without Water Relative To Viagra Conventional Oral Tablet With Wa[NCT00950404]	Phase 1	16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, 2-way Crossover Study to Investigate the Hemodynamic Effects of a Single Dose of Sildenafil (100mg) in Subjects With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Being Treated With Doxazosin[NCT00645034]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-11-30	Completed
Evaluation of Drug Interactions of Saxagliptin With Sildenafil in Healthy Volunteers[NCT04170790]		18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-01	Not yet recruiting
Switching From Sildenafil Citrate to Tadalafil in Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Assessment of Treatment Preference[NCT00547352]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
An Open-Label, Crossover Study In Healthy Volunteers To Evaluate The Pharmacokinetics Of Sildenafil Following Administration Of An Experimental Tablet Of Sildenafil With Or Without Water Relative To Viagra® Conventional Oral Tablet With Water.[NCT00866463]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Reproducibility and Responsiveness of Exercise Tests in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT01391104]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Influence of the Nitric Oxide Synthase T-786C Polymorphism on the Response to Acute Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 5 in Resistant Hypertension[NCT01392638]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
The Effect of CYP3A Genetic Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics of Phosphodiesterase type5 Inhibitors(PDE5I) in Male Subjects[NCT00767598]	Phase 1	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Special Investigation For Long-term Use Of Revatio (Regulatory Post Marketing Commitment Plan)[NCT00666198]		3,337 participants (Actual)	Observational	2008-05-31	Completed
Cerebrovascular Reactivity (CVR) Assessed With Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a Biomarker of Traumatic Cerebrovascular Injury (TCVI) Measured Longitudinally After Acute TBI in Military Personnel[NCT04058132]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-09	Recruiting
An Open Single Dose Study To Assess The Safety, Tolerability And Pharmacokinetics Of An Intravenous Bolus Dose (10 Mg) Of Sildenafil In Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).[NCT00800592]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Evaluation of Sildenafil for the Treatment of Moderate Congestive Heart Failure[NCT00793338]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to The project was not funded and could not be initiated.)
Effects of Adding Oral Sildenafil to Intravenous Milrinone on Postoperative Pulmonary Hypertension in Pediatric Undergoing Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect[NCT02595541]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Effects of the Dive Reflex on Pulmonary Arterial and Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressures in Subjects Who Have Experienced Immersion Pulmonary Edema[NCT00815646]	Early Phase 1	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Addition of Sildenafil to Bosentan Monotherapy in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)[NCT00780728]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional		Withdrawn
A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Efficacy And Safety Study Of Monotherapy Sitaxsentan Sodium Versus Combination Therapy With Sitaxsentan Sodium And Sildenafil Citrate In Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Who Have Completed St[NCT00796666]	Phase 3	131 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Safety Issue: The trial was prematurely terminated on Dec 9, 2010, due to safety concerns, specifically new emerging evidence of hepatic injury.)
Vasoreactivity Testing With Intravenous Sildenafil in Patients With Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension (Treatment Optimisation Study)[NCT01889966]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Sildenafil Impact on Ventricular Function in Patients With Heart Failure: Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT01936350]	Phase 2/Phase 3	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
An Open-Label, Crossover Study In Healthy Volunteers To Evaluate The Pharmacokinetics Of Sildenafil Following Administration Of An Experimental Tablet Of Sildenafil With Or Without Water Relative To Viagra® Conventional Oral Tablet With Water.[NCT00795938]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
An Open-Label, Non-Comparative Study To Evaluate Treatment Responsiveness To The Quality Of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) In Men With Erectile Dysfunction Treated With Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate)[NCT00151463]	Phase 4	100 participants	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Way Crossover Study to Investigate The Safety And Toleration Of Single Dose Sildenafil In Subjects Receiving Chronic UK-369,003.[NCT00814736]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Dose Ranging, Parallel Group Study of Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Children, Aged 1-17 Years, With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.[NCT00159913]	Phase 3	235 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
A Multi-Center, Flexible Dose Study With A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase Followed By An Open-Label Phase To Evaluate The Impact Of Treatment With Sildenafil Citrate On The Symptoms Of Depression And Quality Of Life (Qol) Of Male Patie[NCT00159809]	Phase 4	140 participants	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
A Multi-Centre, Multinational, Long-Term Extension Study, to Assess the Safety and Toleration of Subject Optimised Treatment Regimens of Oral Sildenafil Citrate for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Subjects Who Have Completed Study A1481140.[NCT00159887]	Phase 3	260 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-12-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Open Label, High Dose (100mg) Rapid Titration Study, To Evaluate The Efficacy And Satisfaction Of Patrex® (Sildenafil Citrate) In Men With Erectile Dysfunction In Mexico.[NCT00468650]	Phase 4	117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
A MULTINATIONAL, MULTICENTRE, RANDOMIZED, PARALLEL GROUP, DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF 1MG, 5MG AND 20 MG TID OF ORAL SILDENAFIL IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBJECTS AGED 18 YEARS AND OVER WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (PAH)[NCT00430716]	Phase 4	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-08	Terminated(stopped due to This study was terminated at the recommendation of an independent Data Monitoring Committee. The decision was not based on any safety concerns.)
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Inhaled Iloprost in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Receiving Oral Sildenafil[NCT00302211]	Phase 3	67 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-01	Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to slow enrollment)
SIDAMI - Sildenafil and Diastolic Dysfunction After AMI[NCT01046838]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Long-Term Extension Study to Assess Safety of Oral Sildenafil Citrate In The Treatment Of Subjects Who Have Completed Study A1481131[NCT00159874]	Phase 3	234 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
Sildenafil for Prevention of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)[NCT03686813]	Phase 2	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-15	Completed
A Multinational, Multi-Center, Randomised, Double-Bind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of a Subject Optimised Dose of Sildenafil Citrate (20, 40, or 80 mg. Sildenafil Citrate TID) Based on the Toleration, When U[NCT00159861]	Phase 3	267 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-07-31	Completed
A LOCAL, SINGLE-CENTRE, EXTENSION, OPEN LABEL ACCESS STUDY, TO PROVIDE SILDENAFIL THERAPY FOR SUBJECTS WHO COMPLETED A1481156 STUDY AND ARE JUDGED BY THE INVESTIGATOR TO DERIVE CLINICAL BENEFIT FROM CONTINUED TREATMENT WITH SILDENAFIL, PRIOR TO REIMBURSEM[NCT01897740]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
A Non-randomised Controlled Trial of Early Intervention to Preserve Erectile Function After Laparoscopic Resection for Rectal Cancer[NCT01912586]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Phase III Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of HGP1207 in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Systolic Heart Failure[NCT01913847]	Phase 3	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Recruiting
Trial of Viagra' in Men With Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Type III[NCT00194597]	Phase 4	30 participants	Interventional	2004-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Illness of PI forced termination.)
An Open Label, Dose Finding Trial of Viagra for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (in Diabetes Mellitus)[NCT00194909]	Phase 4	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
Motor Response to Acute Challenge to Sildenafil in Parkinsons Disease[NCT01941732]	Phase 4	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-11-30	Completed
The Effects of Sildenafil for Liver Fibrosis in Adolescents and Adults After Fontan Operation: An Open-label, Randomized Controlled, Pilot Trial.[NCT04908657]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-03	Recruiting
Sildenafil for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Dysfunction During the Chronic Stage After Traumatic Brain Injury.[NCT01762475]	Phase 2	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Sildenafil Prior to Robotic Partial Nephrectomy to Improve Postoperative Renal Function: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study[NCT01950923]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
[NCT01986673]	Phase 1	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
A Trial of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor in Neonatal Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (TOP-CDH)[NCT05201144]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-15	Recruiting
A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Flexible-dose, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Clinical Trial of Sildenafil Oral Film 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg and 100 mg for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED)[NCT05490680]	Phase 3	488 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-31	Not yet recruiting
To Study The Proof of Concept in The Improvement of Cognition and Quality of Life in Cirrhotic Patients With Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy by Means of a Pharmacological Intervention With Sildenafil (A Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor).[NCT02028429]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Open-labeled, 6-sequence, 3-period, 3-treatment Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effect of Co-administration of Clomipramine HCl (Condencia Tab.) 15mg and Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra Tab.) 100mg on the Safety and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynami[NCT02028598]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Dapoxetine/Sildenafil Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Men With Premature Ejaculation and Erectile Dysfunction (DAP-SPEED Study)[NCT02939495]	Phase 4	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Therapy of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) - Treatment With Sildenafil in Eisenmenger Patients[NCT00586794]	Phase 3	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Terminated
An Interaction Study to Evaluate Changes in Blood Pressure Following 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg Riociguat Tid (Dose Titration) Compared to Placebo Treatment on the Background of Stable Sildenafil Pretreatment in Subjects With Symptomatic Pulmonary Arterial Hyp[NCT01179334]	Phase 2	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Effects of the Selective Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Citrate on Exercise Capacity and Vascular Function in Hypertensive Subjects[NCT00599235]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
A Local, Multi-centre, Open Label Access Study, To Provide Sildenafil Therapy To Eligible Adult Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Completing A1481244 Study In India Or Ongoing In A1481269 Study Who Continue To Receive Benefit From Sildenafil T[NCT00878943]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
Androgen Modulation of Response to Selective Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Erectile Dysfunction[NCT00512707]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
Study to Assess the Pharmacodynamic Effects of Repeated Oral Doses of SAR247799 on Endothelial Function in Male and Female Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT03462017]	Phase 1	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-07	Completed
Sildenafil Trial of Exercise Performance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis[NCT00517933]	Phase 3	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Decreased Pulmonary Artery Pressure by Oral Sildenafil Injection During Exercise in Air Pollution Increases Exercise Performance.[NCT00808912]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover, Multicenter, Single Dose Comparator Study Evaluating Onset Of Penile Rigidity In Men With Erectile Dysfunction Who Are Treated With Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) And Cialis (Tadalafil)[NCT00644956]	Phase 4	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pretreatment With a Daily Dose of Viagra® (Sildenafil Citrate) on the PRN Efficacy of Viagra in Men With Erectile Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00645268]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-12-31	Completed
The Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on the Success Rate of Ovulation Induction Using Clomiphene: A Randomized Controlled Trial.[NCT02663830]	Phase 2	210 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-10	Completed
A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Two-Way Cross-Over, Double-Blind, Flexible Dose, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Viagra in Male Patients With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Erectile Dysfunction[NCT00654082]	Phase 4	88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-30	Completed
A Prospective Case-crossover Study to Evaluate the Possible Association Between the Use of PDE5 Inhibitors and the Risk of Acute Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)[NCT01131104]		345 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-05-31	Completed
The Effects of Sildenafil on Exercise Function and Capacity in Patients With Fontan Circulation[NCT00964782]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of Sildenafi in the Treatment of COVID-19[NCT04304313]	Phase 3	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-09	Recruiting
A Local, Multi-Centre, Open Label Access Study, To Provide Sildenafil Therapy To Eligible Adult Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension For One Hundred Twelve Weeks / Prior To Reimbursement And Availability For Patients In Poland.[NCT00946114]		32 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-06-30	Completed
A Phase II, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of 12.5mg of Oral Sildenafil (Viagra) Compared to Placebo to Decrease Pulmonary Hypertension in Cardiac Patients After Cardiopulmonary Bypass[NCT00334490]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Role of Sildenafil Citrate in Patients With Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriages: a Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT01419392]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Active, not recruiting
[NCT01432665]	Phase 2	196 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
Pilot of Oral Sildenafil for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Thalassemia With Comparison to Controls[NCT00872170]	Phase 2/Phase 3	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
Cost-effective Treatment of Unexplained Infertility: A Prospective Multicenter, Double-blinded, Randomised Controlled Study[NCT06178523]	Phase 4	900 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Open Label Study To Evaluate The Long-Term Safety Of Monotherapy Sitaxsentan Sodium And Combination Therapy With Sitaxsentan Sodium And Sildenafil Citrate In Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT00796510]	Phase 3	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Safety Issue: The trial was prematurely terminated on Dec 9, 2010, due to safety concerns, specifically new emerging evidence of hepatic injury)
The Use and Efficacy of Sildenafil in Diabetic Men With Erectile Dysfunction: the Impact on Endothelial Function, a Pilot Feasibility Study[NCT00199563]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
Sildenafil in Heart Failure (SilHF); An Investigator Initiated Multinational Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.[NCT01616381]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Active, not recruiting
Effect of Chronic Administration of Sildenafil on Endothelial Function in Men With Diabetes[NCT00420901]	Phase 3	30 participants	Interventional	1999-01-31	Completed
Effect of Nightly Versus Prn Sildenafil on Early Return of Erectile Function Following Nerve-Sparing Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy[NCT00511498]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Sildenafil in Patients With Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection[NCT01853540]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
A Phase 1, Open Label, Randomized, Four Period, Crossover, Multiple Dose Study To Assess The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Sitaxsentan and Tadalafil and The Effect Of Sildenafil On Sitaxsentan PK In Healthy Subjects[NCT01244620]	Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Safety Issue: The trial was prematurely terminated on Dec 9, 2010, due to safety concerns, specifically new emerging evidence of hepatic injury.)
A Postmarketing Observational Study to Assess Respiratory Tract Adverse Events in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Treated With Tyvaso® (Treprostinil) Inhalation Solution[NCT01266265]		1,333 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-12-31	Completed
Evaluation and Treatment of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Moderate to Severe Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease[NCT02626182]	Phase 1/Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Completed
A Placebo-Controlled Single-Dose Trial of Sildenafil in Schizophrenia[NCT00455715]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Two Part, Two Session Balanced, Crossover Study to Evaluate Visual Changes in Healthy Male Subjects Aged 18 - 55 Years After Receiving: 1. at Least 15 Doses of 20 mg Vardenafil, Compared to Placebo and 2. Tw[NCT00461565]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
The Dutch STRIDER (Sildenafil TheRapy In Dismal Prognosis Early-onset Fetal Growth Restriction)[NCT02277132]	Phase 2/Phase 3	216 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Results of interim analysis)
Efficacy of Sildenafil on the Morbi-mortality of Peripheral Arterial Diseased Patients With Intermittent Claudication. A National, Multicentre, Prospective, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.[NCT02930811]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to The Investigator-Coordinator has moved to Rennes University Hospital. It will be done under the sponsor of Rennes University Hospital : NCT03686306)
Pilot Randomized Study of the Sidlenafil Efficacy in Combination With Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Patients With Intermediate-high Risk of Pulmonary Embolism[NCT02946944]	Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Recruiting
Functional Muscle Ischemia and PDE5 Inhibition in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Acute Dosing Study[NCT01580501]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Comparing The Effect of Tadalafil 5 mg/Day to Sildenafil 25 mg/Day on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratios in Erectile Dysfunction Patients; and Comparison of Clinical Response[NCT05466695]	Early Phase 1	74 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-01	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter Open-Label Study to Determine Treatment Preference of Tadalafil (IC351, LY450190) or Sildenafil Citrate in the Oral Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction[NCT00547092]	Phase 4	386 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
Switching From Sildenafil Citrate to Tadalafil in Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Multinational Assessment of Treatment Preference[NCT00547287]	Phase 3	2,760 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-11-30	Completed
Finding Solutions to Thrive After Birth Asphyxia in Africa: An Open-label Dose-finding Clinical Trial (Phase Ib Study)[NCT05275725]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
Treatment of Neonatal Encephalopathy With Oral Sildenafil Suspension to Repair Brain Injury Secondary to Birth Asphyxia: An Open-label Dose-finding Clinical Trial (Phase Ib Study)[NCT04169191]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-19	Active, not recruiting
Copd Exacerbation and Pulmonary Hypertension Trial[NCT04538976]	Phase 4	2 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-01	Recruiting
Sildenafil Citrate Added to Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Low Dose Aspirin to Improve Uteroplacental Perfusion in High-risk Pregnancy[NCT04110444]		0 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-01-31	Withdrawn
Pharmacokinetic Study of Sildenafil in Neonates and Preterm Infants[NCT02244528]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Phase 2 Use of Sildenafil for the Treatment of Post-capillary Hypertension in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery[NCT01481350]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Completed
An Open Label, Multicenter Study to Measure Treatment Responsiveness of Quality of Sexual Life Questionnaire in the Female Partner of Men With Erectile Dysfunction Treated With Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate)[NCT00245596]	Phase 4	120 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
A Prospective Multicenter, Parallel Group Study With A Single Blind Phase And A Double Blind Randomised Phase, To Evaluate The Efficacy And Satisfaction Of Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) High Dose (100mg) Titration Compared With 50mg Dose, In Men With Erecti[NCT00249730]	Phase 4	510 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on Mid Luteal Phase Uterine Artery Blood Flow in Patients With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Due to Impaired Uterine Artery Blood Flow[NCT04718233]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-05	Completed
Combination Treatment With Bosentan and Sildenafil to Patients With Eisenmengers Syndrome[NCT00303004]	Phase 3	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Phase 3 Study of the Effects of Chronic Sildenafil Citrate Therapy on Exercise Tolerance and Hemodynamics in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure.[NCT00309790]	Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2003-05-31	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil on Endothelial Function[NCT00297544]		60 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Recruiting
The Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on the Endometrial Thickness and Pregnancy Rates of Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles[NCT05951413]	Phase 2/Phase 3	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-30	Recruiting
Application of Sildenafil in Patients With Documented Coronary Vasospasm to Explore the Pathophysiology of Coronary Vasospasm and the Therapeutic Effect of Sildenafil in Patients Suffering From Coronary Vasospasm[NCT00454714]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study not started)
The Pharmacological Basis for the Increase in Visual Time Constants Induced by Single Oral Doses of Sildenafil[NCT00463957]		12 participants	Interventional	2006-08-31	Active, not recruiting
Investigation of the Time Course of the Interaction of the Hypotensive Effects of Sildenafil Citrate and Sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) in Men With Stable Angina Pectoris[NCT00479908]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
Acute Effects of a Single Dose of Sildenafil (20mg/40mg) on Pulmonary Haemodynamics and Gas Exchange at Rest and During Exercise in COPD Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT00491803]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
A Pilot Study of the Effect of Chronic Administration of Sildenafil on Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Patients With Portopulmonary Hypertension[NCT00145938]	Phase 2	10 participants	Interventional	2003-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to complete study)
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Parallel Study of Men With Mild to Moderate Erectile Dysfunction to Evaluate the Efficacy of Viagra 8 Hours Post-Dose[NCT00137072]	Phase 4	355 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Parallel Group Flexible Dose Study With A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Phase And An Open-Label Phase To Evaluate The Quality Of Erections In Men With Erectile Dysfunction Treated With Sildenafil Citrate[NCT00159900]	Phase 4	300 participants	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study of Intravenous Sildenafil in Patients With Cirrhosis[NCT01954524]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to The study is closed due to lack of funding to support the study.)
Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Sildenafil in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis[NCT01060020]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Sildenafil for Cardiac Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy[NCT01168908]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to As recommended by the DSMB.)
An Open Label Crossover Study In Healthy Older Male Subjects To Evaluate The Pharmacokinetics And Safety Of An Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation Of Sildenafil Administered Without Water Under Fed Compared To Fasted Conditions[NCT01254396]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
Acute Effects of Sildenafil on Flow Mediated Dilatation and Cardiovascular Autonomic Nerve Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT00527995]	Phase 3	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
Clinical Efficacy of Type-5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (Sildenafil and Vadenafil) in Primary and Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT00155714]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to We can't obtained the test drug (Vadenafil) from Bayer. They decided not to carry out this trail in Taiwan. Therefore this trail has never been started.)
A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo Controlled Healthy Volunteer Study to Investigate the Nature and Origin of the Disturbance of Vision Induced by Single Oral Doses of Sildenafil[NCT00251784]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
The Effect of Sildenafil in Preterm Infants With Evolving Chronic Lung Disease (SPICE Trial): a Pilot Study[NCT00431418]	Phase 3	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Improvement of Utero-Placental Perfusion and Fetal Growth in IUGR and PET by Administration of Sildenafil Citrate in Pregnancy[NCT00347867]	Phase 4	20 participants	Interventional	2006-07-31	Not yet recruiting
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Centre Study of the Pre-Operative Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on Pulmonary Related Complications Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgical Repair.[NCT00350441]	Phase 4	12 participants	Interventional	2006-06-30	Recruiting
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Response to Sildenafil Treatment[NCT00483626]	Phase 4	27 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, 3-arm Parallel Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of 2 Lower Dose Combined PDE5i's vs. Single Maximal Dose PDE5i Treatment[NCT00498680]	Phase 4	46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Recruiting
[NCT01514903]	Phase 1	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Completed
Combined Clinical and Surgical Approaches to Congenital Heart Disease Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH-CHD)[NCT01548950]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
Revatio Portal-Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Trial (RePo1 Trial): A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Effects of Sildenafil Citrate (Revatio) 20 mg TID on Patients With Portal Pulmonary Arterial Hypertens[NCT01517854]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-14	Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment.)
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition to Improve Endothelial Function and Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease Patients Requiring New Arteriovenous Fistula[NCT02414204]		4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Flexible-Dose, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Toleration of Oral Sildenafil Citrate Administered in the Dose Range of 20 - 80 Mg TID for the Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia. (PET)[NCT00141310]	Phase 2	76 participants	Interventional	2004-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Study prematurely discont'd 20-Apr-2006 after interim analysis suggested sample size could be reduced without losing power. No safety concerns led to decision.)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel Group, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Flexible Dose Study With and Open-label Extension to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) in the Treatment of Men With Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Conco[NCT00143221]	Phase 4	350 participants	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Parallel Study Of Men With Mild To Moderate Erectile Dysfunction To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Viagra 8 Hours Post-Dose - II[NCT00143260]	Phase 4	250 participants	Interventional	2005-08-31	Completed
Evaluation of Potential Synergy of Combining Hydroxyurea With Nitric Oxide Donors on Fetal Hemoglobin Synthesis in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia[NCT00056433]	Phase 1	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-10	Completed
Treatment Of Erectile Dysfunction In Patients Treated On RTOG-9910 For Prostate Cancer: Impact On Patient And Partner Quality Of Life[NCT00057759]		115 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hemodynamic Efficacy of Sildenafil in Single Ventricle Patients[NCT01169519]	Phase 1	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
A Randomized Phase II Trial Evaluating the Importance of Early Erectile Dysfunction Rehabilitation and Unilateral Autologous Sural Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer[NCT00080808]	Phase 2	111 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study Of The Efficacy and Safety Of Sildenafil Given For The Acute Treatment Of Meniere's Disease[NCT00145483]	Phase 4	163 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-06-18	Completed
A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled, Flexible-Dose Study With An Open-Label Phase To Assess The Efficacy Of Sildenafil Citrate On Erectile Function And Intercourse Satisfaction As Well As To Validate The Sexual Experience Questionnaire And Its[NCT00147628]	Phase 4	209 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Open Label, Multicenter, Non Comparative Study, To Confirm The Efficacy And Tolerability Of Viagra In Subjects With Erectile Dysfunction And Arterial Hypertension Who Are Taking Antihypertensive Treatment.[NCT00150358]	Phase 4	253 participants	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Phase II Study of Sildenafil Citrate in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia[NCT00165295]	Phase 2	30 participants	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Long-Term Use of Sildenafil in the Therapeutic Management of Heart Failure[NCT00407446]	Phase 3	40 participants	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Interaction Between Fluvoxamine and Sildenafil in Healthy Males[NCT00175981]	Phase 1	12 participants	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Supine Hypertension in Patients With Autonomic Failure[NCT00223717]	Phase 1	152 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
Milrinone Versus Sildenafil in Treatment of PPHN in Neonates[NCT04391478]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Renin- Angiotensin and Fibrinolysis Interaction in Humans: Effect of Long-term PDE-5 Inhibition on Glucose Homeostasis. Sub-study[NCT02129725]	Phase 4	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Smoking Cessation and Functional CT Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Dysfunction in Smoking Associated Emphysema[NCT03382106]	Phase 4	280 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-19	Recruiting
A Phase 2a, Single-Dose, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 2-Way Crossover Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SST-6006 Compared to Placebo in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction[NCT02390960]	Phase 2	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart Failure (RELAX)[NCT00763867]	Phase 3	216 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
The Effect of Sildenafil on Diffusion Capacity Measurements in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension and Parenchymal Lung Disease[NCT01948518]		15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Hypersensitivity to Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition in Post-Traumatic Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT05669885]		21 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-02	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled, Fixed Dose Study With An Open-Label, Flexible Dose Phase To Assess The Efficacy Of Sildenafil Citrate In Providing A Better Sexual Experience Including Quality Of Erections And Satisfaction In Men With Erect[NCT00245258]	Phase 4	312 participants	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Function in Obese African American Women[NCT01334554]	Phase 1/Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
A Randomized Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Balanced 4-Way Crossover Study To Assess The Efficacy Of Single Oral Doses Of PF-00592379 On Erectile Function, Using 100mg Sildenafil As A Positive Control[NCT00273416]	Phase 2	32 participants	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Measurement of the Effect of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) on the Hemodynamics of Exercise Tolerance in Advanced Congestive Heart Failure.[NCT00309816]	Phase 3	40 participants	Interventional	2001-12-31	Completed
Effects of Regular Treatment With Sildenafil on Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function in Untreated Hypertensives[NCT00317421]	Phase 2	20 participants	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Phase 1 Study of Sildenafil (Viagra) Treatment of Subacute Ischemic Stroke[NCT00452582]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to Failure to recruit in expected time period.)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Flexible-Dose Study To Assess The Efficacy And Safety Of Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) In Men With Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Who Do Not Self Identify.[NCT00343200]	Phase 4	371 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
The Effect of Treatment for ED on Quality of Life and Satisfaction in a Group of Patients Without Prior Complaints of Sexual Dysfunction[NCT00313898]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Recruiting
Clinical Study of Effects of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate on Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT01637675]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Recruiting
An Open-Label, Randomized, Single-Dose, 2-Way Crossover Study In Healthy Subjects Assessing The Pharmacokinetics And Safety Of Powder For Oral Suspension Of Sildenafil Citrate Administered Under Fasted And Fed Conditions[NCT01656798]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Effect of Adding Sildenafil to Protocol of Endometrial Preparation in Outcome of Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles[NCT01668446]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Evaluation and Validation of Metabolic Markers for the Prediction of Drug-drug Interaction of Various CYP3A4 Substrates and Inhibitors in Healthy Male Subjects[NCT02975037]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-06	Completed
Phase 2 Study of Sorafenib, Valproic Acid, and Sildenafil in the Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Glioma[NCT01817751]	Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-11	Active, not recruiting
Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Single-Dose, 3-Way Crossover Study Assessing Bioequivalence Of Sildenafil 50 Mg Orally-Disintegrating Tablet With Or Without Water To Viagra® 50 Mg Oral Tablet With Water Under Fasted Condition[NCT01737203]	Phase 1	53 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Echo Study - Characterization of LV Strain Patterns in Patients With Mildly Elevated PCWP and Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT01800292]	Phase 4	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Evaluation of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition on Endothelial Function in Heart Transplant Recipients[NCT01812434]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI Left University)
Phosphodiesterase-type 5 Inhibitors in Adult and Adolescent Patients With Univentricular Heart Disease: a Multi-center, Randomized, Double Blind Phase III Study[NCT03997097]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to New sponsor)
Effect of Sildenafil on the Microcirculatory Blood Flow and on the Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial[NCT01347008]	Phase 3	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
A Phase I Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Boceprevir and Sildenafil When Dosed Separately and Together in Healthy Male Volunteers[NCT01499498]	Phase 1	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Sildenafil for Treatment of Serotonergic Reuptake Inhibitor Associated Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Major Depression Treated to Remission[NCT00375297]	Phase 4	100 participants	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
Phase 2 Study of Sildenafil for the Treatment of Lymphatic Malformations[NCT02335242]	Phase 2	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-23	Completed
Combined Nifedipine and Sildenafil Citrate Versus Nifedipine Alone in Acute Tocolysis of Preterm Labor: A Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT02337881]	Phase 1	227 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Recruiting
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study of Sildenafil (Viagra) for the Treatment of Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease[NCT02162979]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Not enough subjects.)
A Randomized Trial of Pharmacological Penile Rehabilitation in the Preservation of Erectile Function Following Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy[NCT00955929]		76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-06	Terminated(stopped due to The study was interrupted because of failure to recruit the target study population in a reasonable timeframe.)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Effect of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated to Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease[NCT01441934]	Phase 3	32 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Recruiting
Comparison of Efficacy Different Treatment Regimens in Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Lung Disease and or Hypoxia[NCT01449253]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Recruiting
Sildenafil for Treatment of Priapism in Men With Sickle Cell Anemia[NCT00940901]	Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Improving Erectile Function and Quality of Life After Prostate Cancer Treatment[NCT01996852]		34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Premature terminated at institution request)
Effects of Sildenafil on Choroidal Thickness in Age-Related Macular Degeneration[NCT01830790]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Inadequate support to complete recruitment/data analysis.)
Effect of Nebivolol on Blood Pressure in a Model of Hypertension Sensitive to Potentiation of Nitric Oxide Bioactivity[NCT01044693]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Evaluate The Clinical Effectiveness, Safety And Tolerability Of Sildenafil Used In Doses ≥20mg TID For The Treatment Of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT01365585]		227 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-07-31	Completed
Role of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors (PDE5i) (Sildenafil) in Management of Distal Ureteral Stone[NCT02519153]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Active, not recruiting
Use of Sildenafil Citrate in Management of Mild Pre-eclampsia: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03262961]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-09-15	Recruiting
STRIDER Canada: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Sildenafil Therapy In Dismal Prognosis Early-Onset Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Canada)[NCT02442492]	Phase 2/Phase 3	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Trial terminated following Dutch DSMB recommendation for their Study)
The Safety and Efficiency of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Severe Post-capillary Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by COPD[NCT03185364]		46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-15	Recruiting
Efficacy of Adding Sildenafil to Dapoxetine in Treatment of Dapoxetine Non-responding Mono-symptomatic Premature Ejaculation (PE)[NCT05556083]	Phase 2	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-01	Not yet recruiting
Sildenafil in Heart Failure With Reactive Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT02304705]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty meeting enrollment goal)
Patterns of Erectile Recovery After Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy With and Without Penile Rehabilitation[NCT03406169]	Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-13	Recruiting
Comparative Clinical Study Evaluating the Effect of L-arginine Versus Sildenafil in Children With Beta Thalassemia Associated With Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT03402191]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Recruiting
Oxford Haemodynamic Adaptation to Reduce Pulsatility: Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Crossover Trial of Effects of Sildenafil on Cerebral Arterial Pulsatility in Patients With Cryptogenic or Lacunar Stroke and Small Vessel Disease[NCT03855332]	Phase 2	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-11	Completed
Early Combined Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide and Oral Sildenafil on the Outcome of Pulmonary Hypertension in New Born Infants[NCT01558466]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Recruiting
Fontan Patients: Comprehensive Evaluation of the Pulmonary Circulation to Identify Pulmonary Vascular Disease and Its Influence on Ventricular Hemodynamics.[NCT01572363]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
A Local, Multicentre, Open Label Access Study, To Provide Sildenafil Therapy For Subjects Who Completed A1481156 Study And Are Judged By The Investigator To Derive Clinical Benefit From Continued Treatment With Sildenafil For Subjects In India[NCT01582438]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
A Double-blind, Randomized, Crossover Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Response to Sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate in Patients Receiving TA-1790, Sildenafil, and Placebo[NCT01616485]	Phase 1	106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessed With Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker of Traumatic Microvascular Injury in American Football Players[NCT03417492]	Phase 1	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty enrolling participants due to COVID emergency, and planned start of new study to address this question in a more rigorous fashion.)
The Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil as an Adjunct to Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder Patients: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT04344678]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Recruiting
PHASE 1, OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, SINGLE-DOSE, 3-WAY, 6-SEQUENCE CROSSOVER STUDY TO DEMONSTRATE BIOEQUIVALENCE OF SILDENAFIL ORALLY-DISINTEGRATING FILM 50 MG WITH OR WITHOUT WATER TO ORAL TABLET OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE (VIAGRA(Registered)) 50 MG UNDER FASTED[NCT04391868]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to The project has been transferred to Viatris)
Etude préliminaire Sur l'efficacité Aigue du Sildenafil Sur le Temps de Marche Chez Les Patients Atteints d'AOMI de Stade II présentant Une Claudication artérielle[NCT02832570]	Phase 3	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-07	Completed
Sildenafil Citrate in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea[NCT00123162]	Phase 1/Phase 2	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
This Protocol is a Randomized Prospective Study Comparing Prophylactic and on Demand Sildenafil Citrate Usage Administered During and After Radiotherapy With or Without Hormone Therapy Versus Radiotherapy With or Without Hormone Therapy Alone for the Pres[NCT00142506]	Phase 3	290 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
Vasodilator Therapy and Exercise Tolerance in IPF Patients[NCT00359736]	Phase 2	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Sildenafil in US Heart Failure Patients (SilHF-US)[NCT03460470]	Phase 3	25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-02-14	Recruiting
Sildenafil Treatment in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Hypertension - a Pilot Cross-over Study[NCT00352482]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Clinical Treatment Trial Targeting Vascular Reactivity in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis[NCT00981747]	Phase 2/Phase 3	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Funding was withdrawn.)
A Phase 3, Multi-center, Open-label Study To Investigate Safety, Efficacy, And Tolerability Of Sildenafil Citrate In Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[NCT01642407]	Phase 4	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-24	Completed
Comparative Study Between the Efficacy of Topical Sildenafil 2% and Topical Minoxidil 5% in the Treatment of Male Androgenic Alopecia[NCT05369481]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-01	Recruiting
A MULTINATIONAL, MULTICENTER STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF ORAL SILDENAFIL ON MORTALITY IN ADULTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (PAH)[NCT02060487]	Phase 4	385 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-22	Terminated(stopped due to Study was terminated by Sponsor at recommendation of Data Monitoring Committee after completion of first interim analysis as primary objective was met.)
Chronic Sildenafil for Severe Diaphragmatic Hernia[NCT00133679]	Phase 4	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Change in clinical practice allowing chronic therapy at 6 weeks of age, incompatible with possibility of placebo beyond 6 weeks of age on study protocol)
Thalassemia Clinical Research Network (TCRN)[NCT00000623]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2000-07-31	Completed
An Investigational Pilot Study to Evaluate Sildenafil for the Treatment of Lymphatic Malformations[NCT01290484]	Phase 1/Phase 2	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Sildenafil Citrate for Treatment of Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury[NCT05782244]	Phase 2	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-15	Not yet recruiting
Is Blood Flow Through IPAVA and PFO Related to Breath-hold and SCUBA Diving-induced Pulmonary Hypertension?[NCT03945643]	Early Phase 1	82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Completed
Safety and Efficacy Trial of Sildenafil Citrate in Attenuation of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT00871065]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI decision)
Effect of Sildenafil Vaginal Gel Co-treatment With Clomiphene Citrate on Endometrial Thickness in Infertile Women With Prior Clomiphene Citrate Failure Due to Thin Endometrium: a Prospective Self-controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02710981]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Does Sildenafil Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis?[NCT02908490]	Phase 2	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-01	Terminated(stopped due to Slow recruitment, lack of continued funding)
Improving Right Ventricular Function in Young Adults Born Preterm: A Pilot Study[NCT03696758]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-30	Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Within-Subject Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Clinical Vulvar-Vaginal Safety and Pharmacokinetic Profile of SST-6006, a Topical Sildenafil Cream (5% w/w), in Healthy Postmenopausal Women[NCT02364882]	Phase 1	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Pharmacologic Treatment of Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus[NCT00478335]		4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
The Effect of Vaginal Sildenafil on the Outcome of IVF/ICSI Cycles in Patients With Repeated IVF/ICSI Failure: a Pilot Study[NCT03192709]	Phase 1/Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Recruiting
Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Combination Therapy vs Monotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis[NCT03053739]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Recruiting
Effect of Sildenafil for the Treatment of Sustained Pulmonary Artery Hypertension After Corrected Mitral Valve Disease[NCT02435303]	Phase 2/Phase 3	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Number of candidates for this study is expected to be too small.)
Role of Low-intensity Shock Wave Therapy in Penile Rehabilitation Post Nerve Sparing Radical Cysto-prostatectomy[NCT02422277]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Recruiting
Role of Blood Flow and Vascular Function on Exercise Capacity in Cystic Fibrosis[NCT02057458]	Phase 2	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Clinical Pharmacology Study of Oral Edaravone in Healthy Adult Males (Drug Interaction Study and Preliminary Regimen-Finding Study)[NCT04481789]	Phase 1	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-17	Completed
The Effect of Sildenafil and Tadalafil on Skeletal Muscle and Perceptual Fatigue.[NCT01661595]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
MR-Angiografi (MRA) og MR-Spektroskopi (MRS) Hos Raske forsøgspersoner og Patienter Med migræne Uden Aura Provokeret Med Calcitonin Gen-relateret Peptid (CGRP) og Sildenafil[NCT03143465]		36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Active, not recruiting
Sildenafil Administration to Treat Neonatal Encephalopathy (SANE) and Repair Brain Injury Secondary to Birth Asphyxia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Phase Ib Study[NCT02812433]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
The Effect of the Selective PDE5 Inhibitor, Sildenafil, on Aura and Migraine Headache Induction.[NCT02795351]	Early Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Sildenafil for the Treatment of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT03028298]	Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Active, not recruiting
Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on Uteri- Placental Perfusion, Doppler Indices in Growth Restricted Fetuses[NCT02362399]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
Use of Sildenafil for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence[NCT02983461]	Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-10	Active, not recruiting
A Non-Randomized, Multiple Dose, Three Treatment Period, Open-Label, Single Sequence, Single Group Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Effect of Two Doses of QTI571 (Imatinib) on the Co-administered Drugs Sildenafil and Bosentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hy[NCT01392469]	Phase 3	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-20	Completed
Mechanisms of Exercise Intolerance in Cystic Fibrosis: Role of PDE5 Inhibition[NCT04039087]	Phase 2/Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-05	Recruiting
Intérêt de la rééducation érectile précoce Par Sildénafil après radiothérapie et Proctectomie Pour Cancer du Rectum : Essai contrôlé randomisé[NCT06123156]	Phase 3	188 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Individualization of Bosentan, Sildenafil and Tadalafil in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn[NCT04379180]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-04-26	Not yet recruiting
A Comparison of Pharmacotherapy and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction[NCT04126252]		116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-29	Completed
Phase II Trial of Sildenafil in Newborns With Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT01409031]	Phase 2	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to This trial was terminated early due to lack of recruitment.)
Role of Skeletal Muscle Nitric Oxide Production in Age-related Fatigue and Fatigability[NCT01059994]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil in Premature Infants[NCT01670136]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
A Phase 2b, Multi-Center, Multiple-Dose, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% in Premenopausal Patients With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)[NCT04948151]	Phase 2	440 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-28	Recruiting
Effect of Sildenafil Citrate on the Outcome of in Vitro Fertilization After Multiple IVF Failures Attributed to Poor Endometrial Development[NCT03044561]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Recruiting
A MULTI-CENTRE, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, DOUBLE-BLIND, TWO-ARMED, PARALLEL GROUP STUDY TO EVALUATE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF IV SILDENAFIL IN THE TREATMENT OF NEONATES WITH PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN (PPHN) OR HYPOXIC RESPIRATORY[NCT01720524]	Phase 3	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-05	Completed
Erectile Dysfunction Recovery in Men Age NCT00544076]	Phase 3	110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Accrual too slow)
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessed With Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy as a Biomarker of Traumatic Microvascular Injury After Moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury[NCT02990078]		26 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Sufficient sample size enrolled to demonstrate scientific goals of the study)
Single Dose Sildenafil in Heart Failure Patients Improves 6-minute Walk Test by a Reduction in Left Ventricular Filling Pressure[NCT00781508]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Efficacy and Safety of L- Carnitine and Sildenafil in Children Having Beta Thalassemia With Increased Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity[NCT05584956]	Phase 3	44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-08	Recruiting
Sildenafil for Treating Patients With COVID-19 and Perfusion Mismatch: A Pilot Randomised Trial[NCT04489446]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-19	Completed
PDE5i Use in Renal Transplant Recipients[NCT04122105]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Functional CT Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Dysfunction in Smoking Associated Emphysema[NCT02682147]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-10	Recruiting
Effects of Sildenafil on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction ( HFpEF) and Pulmonary Hypertension[NCT01726049]	Phase 3	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
An Open Label, Pilot Study Evaluating the Effect of Topical Sildenafil as Pre-Treatment for Hand-Foot Skin Reaction[NCT03229512]	Early Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-11	Completed
An Evaluation of Tadalafil and Sildenafil Treatment in Men With Erectile Dysfunction in China[NCT01352507]	Phase 4	383 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
An Open Label, Three-period, Single Sequence Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction Between LCZ696 and Sildenafil in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Hypertension[NCT01601470]	Phase 2	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Sildenafil for Early Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Scleroderma[NCT04797286]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-20	Recruiting
Sildenafil for the Prevention of Right Heart Failure Following Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation (The REVAD Study)[NCT03356353]	Phase 3	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-12	Recruiting
[NCT01409993]	Phase 4	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Aim 1 was stopped by DSMB. Aim 2 was stopped due to ending of funding.)
"Color Doppler Ultrasound Comparison of Topical 10 % Nifedipine Versus 5% Sildenafil in Secondary Raynaud: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study"[NCT03027674]	Early Phase 1	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Borg Dyspnea(Scale That Measures Breathlessness) Score at Finish of 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	VO2 Peak (Oxygen Consumption at Peak Exercise)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Pulmonary Function FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2) in Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2) in Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Oxygen Pulse
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	O2 Saturation at Peak Exercise
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1 )
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	Diffusing Capacity of Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	A-a Gradient (Alveolar-arterial Gradient)
NCT00104637 (11) [back to overview]	6 Minute Walk Distance
NCT00123162 (2) [back to overview]	Improvement in Pain Severity Determined by Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
NCT00123162 (2) [back to overview]	The Primary Outcome Was Total Pain Relief Over 4 Hours (TOPAR4), Comparing a Single Dose of Sildenafil 100 mg to a Single Dose of Placebo.
NCT00142506 (1) [back to overview]	Assessment of Erectile Dysfunction
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Epoprostenol Dose From Baseline Maintained for 6 Months
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life (EuroQol) Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D VAS): Current Health State Score
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in BORG Dyspnea Score
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Categorized Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walking Distance
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Pulmonary Hypertension Criteria for Functional Capacity and Therapeutic Class
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Survival Status
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life Scale (EuroQol) 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D): Utility Index Score
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36)
NCT00159861 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36): Reported Health Transition Score
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percentage Change From Baseline in End Tidal Carbon Dioxide (CO2) at Year 1.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percentage Change From Baseline in End Tidal Oxygen (O2) at Year 1.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percentage Change From Baseline in Percent Predicted Peak VO2 at Year 1.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Additions From Baseline in Background Therapy up to the End of Study
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Pediatric Motor Development Status at Week 16.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Pediatric Motor Development Status at Week 52
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Physician Global Assessment at Year 1
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in WHO PH Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 2.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in WHO PH Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 3.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in WHO PH Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 4.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in World Health Organization Pulmonary Hypertension (WHO PH) Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 1.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Participant (Parent) Global Assessment at Year 1
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Pediatric Cognitive Development Status at Week 16.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Pediatric Cognitive Development Status at Week 52.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (CHQ-PF28) as Assessed by the Physical Scale at Year 1.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (CHQ-PF28) as Assessed by the Psychosocial Scale at Year 1.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Discontinuation Due to Intolerability
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Downtitration in Dose Due to Intolerability.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Deaths Reported During This Study
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Deaths Reported in the Study Prior to the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) Recommendation of Dose Down Titration
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting at Least One Adverse Event
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting at Least One Serious Adverse Event
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting Treatment-related Adverse Events
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting Treatment-related Serious Adverse Events
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Deterioration Post Baseline in Color Vision Monitoring Safety Tests.
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Deterioration Post Baseline in Visual Acuity Safety Tests
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Peak Volume of Oxygen (VO2) Consumed at Year 1 Using a Bicycle Ergometry Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPX)
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Respiratory Exchange Ratio at Year 1
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Time to Maximum VO2 at Year 1
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Start of Sildenafil in Total Ventilation (VE) to Year 1
NCT00159874 (31) [back to overview]	Percentage Change From Baseline in Anaerobic Threshold at Year 1.
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI)
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form (CHQ-PF28), Physical Scale
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form (CHQ-PF28), Psychosocial Scales
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP)
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Cardiac Index (CI)
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in World Health Organization (WHO) Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Functional Class
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline to Week 16 in: Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Time to Maximum Volume of Oxygen Consumed (VO2)
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Peak Volume of Oxygen (VO2) Consumed : Per Protocol Population
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Peak Volume of Oxygen (VO2) Consumed : Intent To Treat Population
NCT00159913 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Right Atrial Pressure (RAP)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Analog Scales- Firmness
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Erectile Function
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) Index at the End of the DB Treatment (Week 8)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) Index
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Erectile Distress Scale (EDS) Total Score
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 8 in Analog Scales- Maintenance
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Analog Scales- General Sexual Performance
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Analog Scales- Maintenance
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Analog Scales- Reliability
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Baseline to
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in Erectile Distress Scale (EDS) Total Score
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Erectile Function
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Intercourse Satisfaction
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Orgasmic Function
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Overall Satisfaction
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Sexual Desire
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of DB Phase (Week 8) in Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) Total Score
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to End of Double-Blind Phase (Week 8) in Patient Reported Erectile Function Assessment (PREFA) Total Score
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 8 in Analog Scales- Firmness
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 8 in Analog Scales- General Sexual Performance
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Global Efficacy Question 2 (GEQ2) Response at End of the Double-Blind Phase (Week 8) and at End of the Open-Label Phase (Week 14)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Global Efficacy Question 1 (GEQ1) Response at End of the Double-Blind Phase (Week 8) and at End of the Open-Label Phase (Week 14)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) Total Score
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Percentage of Occasions of Successful Intercourse (Event Log)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Percentage of Occasions of Successful Intercourse (Event Log)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Percentage of Occasions of Ejaculation and/or Orgasm Event Log
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Shift in Responder Rate From Week 8 to Week 14 for Global Efficacy Question (GEQ) 1
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Shift in Responder Rate From Week 8 to Week 14 for GEQ3
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Shift in Responder Rate From Week 8 to Week 14 for GEQ2
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Global Efficacy Question 3 (GEQ3) Response at End of the Double-Blind Phase (Week 8) and at End of the Open-Label Phase (Week 14)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 8 in Analog Scales- Reliability
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Percentage of Occasions of Ejaculation and/or Orgasm (Event Log)
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Erectile Function Assessment (PREFA) Total Score
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Sexual Desire
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Overall Satisfaction
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Orgasmic Function
NCT00301262 (49) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Domain Scores- Intercourse Satisfaction
NCT00302211 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events
NCT00302211 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With WHO Functional Class (WHO FC) Improvement at Week 16
NCT00302211 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Clinical Worsening
NCT00302211 (4) [back to overview]	Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 16 in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) During the Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT00323297 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Borg Dyspnea Score at Week 12
NCT00323297 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Distance Walked During 6 Minute Walk Time (6MWT) at Week 12
NCT00323297 (6) [back to overview]	Clinical Worsening Events
NCT00323297 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class in Participants With PAH at Week 12 LOCF
NCT00323297 (6) [back to overview]	One Year Survival Probability From the Start of Sildenafil Treatment.
NCT00323297 (6) [back to overview]	One Year Survival From the Start of Sildenafil Treatment.
NCT00359736 (2) [back to overview]	Change in 6-minute Walk Test
NCT00359736 (2) [back to overview]	Dyspnea Score (Borg Scale)
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pro-BNP at Week 12
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in BORG Dyspnoea Score at Week 12
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinical Worsening
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in PAH Criteria for Functional Capacity and Therapeutic Class at Week 12
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Distance Walked During 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) at Week 12
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in TAPSE Measurement at Week 12
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at Week 12
NCT00430716 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (mPAP) at Week 12
NCT00433329 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Reaching a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance ≥ 380 Meters
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	The Area Under the Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time 8 Hour of Sildenafil and Sildenafil's Metabolite, UK-103,320
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentrations (Cmax) of Sildenafil and Sildenafil's Metabolite, UK-103,320
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Changes in the World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension From Baseline at Weeks 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Changes in the the Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Level From Baseline at Week 4, Week 8 and Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Changes in the BORG Dyspnoea Score From Baseline at Week 8 and Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Time to First Occurrence of Maximum Plasma Concentrations (Tmax) of Sildenafil and Sildenafil's Metabolite, UK-103,320
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	The Average Plasma Trough Concentration (Ctrough) of Sildenafil
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	The Average Plasma Concentration (Css,av) of Sildenafil at Steady State
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Laboratory Test Abnormalities (Without Regard to Baseline Abnormality)
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Changes in the the Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Level From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Newly Enterd the Study From Part II
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Changes in the BORG Dyspnoea Score From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Newly Entered the Study From Part II
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Systolic Systemic Blood Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Newly Entered the Study From Part II
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Mean Systemic Blood Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Partial Pressure of Mixed Venous Oxygen From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Pulmonary Vascular Resistance From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the 6-minute Walk Distance From Baseline at Week 8 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the 6-minute Walk Distance From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Newly Entered the Study From Part II
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the 6-minute Walk Distance From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Right Atrial Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Systemic Vascular Resistance From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Systemic Vascular Resistance Index From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Systolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Arterial Oxygen Saturation From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Cardiac Index From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Cardiac Output From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Diastolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Diastolic Systemic Blood Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Heart Rate From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00454207 (34) [back to overview]	Change in the Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure From Baseline at Week 12 in Participants Who Entered the Study From Part I
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erectile Function (EF) Domain Score - Change From Baseline at Weeks 2, 4 and 6
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erectile Function (EF) Domain Score- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Intercourse Satisfaction Domain Score- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Intercourse Satisfaction Domain Score- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Orgasmic Function Domain- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Overall Satisfaction Domain Score- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Overall Satisfaction Domain Score- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Sexual Desire Domain Score- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Sexual Desire Domain Score- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 1 Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 1 on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 2 on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 2 on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 3 (Q3) Based on Attempts With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 3 (Q3) Based on Attempts With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 3 Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 3 on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 4 Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 4 Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 5 Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of 'Yes' Responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 5 Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 1 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 1 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 2 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 2 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 3 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 3 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 3 or 4 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 3 or 4 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 4 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Mean Per-Patient Percentage of Grade 4 Events in Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) Based on Occasions With Sexual Stimulation - Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ): Total Score - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ): Total Score- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Sexual Experience Questionnaire (Sex-Q): Erection Domain - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Sexual Experience Questionnaire (Sex-Q): Erection Domain- Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Sexual Experience Questionnaire (Sex-Q): Relationship Domain - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Sexual Experience Questionnaire (Sex-Q): Relationship Domain - Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Sexual Experience Questionnaire (Sex-Q): Satisfaction Domain - Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	Sexual Experience Questionnaire (Sex-Q): Satisfaction Domain - Change From Week 2
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Orgasmic Function Domain- Change From Baseline
NCT00468650 (41) [back to overview]	International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erectile Function (EF) Domain Score- Change From Baseline to Week 6 Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF)
NCT00478335 (1) [back to overview]	24h Urine Volume
NCT00492531 (4) [back to overview]	Brain Natriuretic Peptide(BNP)Levels.
NCT00492531 (4) [back to overview]	Borg Dyspnea Score
NCT00492531 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Exercise Capacity as Assessed by 6 Minute Walk.
NCT00492531 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Hypertension at Week 16 as Assessed by Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity
NCT00507819 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Heart Rate (Bpm) at 6 Weeks
NCT00507819 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Respiratory Rate (Breaths/Min) at 6 Weeks
NCT00507819 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Minute Ventilation (L/Min) at 6 Weeks
NCT00507819 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Oxygen Consumption (mL/kg/Min) at 6 Weeks
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Free Testosterone
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Marital Interaction Scale of CAncer Rehabilitation Evaluation System-Short Form (CARES-SF)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Men's Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Other Domains of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Positive Affects Ratio (PAR) of Derogatis Affects Balance Scale (DABS)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Specific to Male Erection Difficulties (QOL-MED)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Erectile Function Domain Score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Psychological General Well-Being Index Score (PGWBI)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Derogatis Affects Balance Scale (DABS)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Testosterone
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP)
NCT00512707 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Successful Sexual Intercourse of Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Symptoms Score)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Impacts Score)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Activity Score)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Short Form Health Survey (SF36) General Health
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Short Form Health Survey (SF36) Aggregate Physical
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	ICECAP-O
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	EuroQOL Thermometer
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	EuroQOL (EQ-5D) Utility
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Borg Dyspnea Index (BDI) After 6 Minute Walk Test (Raw Scores)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	6-minute Walk Distance (6MWT)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Estimated Change From Baseline to 12 Weeks in 6-minute Walk Distance
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Desaturation During 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Total Score) (Adjusted Values)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Symptoms Score) Adjusted Value
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Impacts Score) Adjusted Value
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Activity Score) Adjusted Value
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in Short Form Health Survey (SF36) General Health - Adjusted Value
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in SF36 Aggregate Physical (Adjusted Value)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in ICECAP-O Adjusted Value
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Adjusted Values
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in EuroQOL Thermometer (Adjusted Value)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in Dyspnea
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) Adjusted Values
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in Borg Dyspnea Index (BDI) After 6 Minute Walk Test (Adjusted Values)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in 6-minute Walk Distance From Enrollment to Week 12 (≥ 20% Improvement)
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	Change in EuroQOL (EQ-5D) Utility - Adjusted Value
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	University of California at San Diego (UCSD) Shortness of Breath Questionnaire Total
NCT00517933 (30) [back to overview]	St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Total Score)
NCT00544076 (4) [back to overview]	Potency Rates With or Without Assistance in the Control Group Versus Maintenance MUSE or Maintenance Viagra
NCT00544076 (4) [back to overview]	SHIMS-5 Scores in the Control Groups Versus Maintenance MUSE or Maintenance Viagra Groups
NCT00544076 (4) [back to overview]	Potency Rates (Ability to Obtain an Erection Sufficient for Penetration) Without Assistance Compared Between Patients in All Three Arms of the Study at 12 Months
NCT00544076 (4) [back to overview]	Penile Length
NCT00598585 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Fatigue Impact Scale at 6 Weeks
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Clinical Worsening of PAH, Evaluated at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, and After Week 48
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Overall Survival, Evaluated at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, and After Week 48
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Dyspnea Index Measured at Weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class (LOCF) Measured at Weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48.
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) Quality of Life (QOL) Survey Overall Score Measured at Weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48 (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) Measured at Weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR), Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Right Atrial Pressure (mRAP) (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Log-transformed N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Measured at Weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) (LOCF)
NCT00617305 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cardiac Output (LOCF)
NCT00659529 (1) [back to overview]	Sputum Elastase
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Disease Type
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Paritcipants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Age
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Clinical Efficacy Rate by WHO Functional Classificaton of Severity
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Clinical Efficacy Rate by Gender
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Clinical Efficacy Rate by Age
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events Unexpected From Japanese Package Insert
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Paritcipants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Gender
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Clinical Efficacy Rate by Disease Type
NCT00666198 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatmnt-Related Adverse Events by WHO Functional Classification of Severity
NCT00685945 (3) [back to overview]	Net Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release
NCT00685945 (3) [back to overview]	Net Glucose Uptake
NCT00685945 (3) [back to overview]	Forearm Blood Flow (FBF)
NCT00692237 (2) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Torsion Defined as Change in Ventricular Mid-wall Rotation (°) Measured by Cine-Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Imaging With Tagging, Before and After Three Months of Treatment With Sildenafil and Placebo (100 mg/Day).
NCT00692237 (2) [back to overview]	Ejection Fraction (EF) Defined as the Volume of Blood Ejected With Each Beat Was Measured on Cine-Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Images Before and After Three Months Treatment With Sildenafil and Placebo (100 mg/Day).
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	"Question 1 I Felt as if I Did Not Have ED Score of the Patient Perception and Feelings Questions (PPF-Q) at Endpoint"
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	"Question 2 I Felt in Control of my Sex Life Score of the Patient Perception and Feelings Questions (PPF-Q) at Endpoint"
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	"Question 3 I Felt the Drug Was in Control of my Erections Score of the Patient Perception and Feelings Questions (PPF-Q) at Endpoint"
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	"Question 4 I Felt Like a Whole Man Score of the Patient Perception and Feelings Questions (PPF-Q) at Endpoint"
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) Score at Endpoint
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With at Least One Serious Adverse Event
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Between Tadalafil Once a Day (OaD) and Sildenafil as Needed (PRN) in Sexual Self-Confidence Domain of Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS)
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Between Tadalafil Once a Day (OaD) and Tadalafil as Needed (PRN) in Sexual Self-Confidence Domain of Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS)
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Erectile Function Domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Intercourse Satisfaction (IS) Domain of the IIEF
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Proportion of Days With at Least One Morning Erection
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Time Concerns Domain of PAIRS
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Spontaneity Domain of PAIRS
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) Questionnaire Transformed Total Score
NCT00734604 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Overall Satisfaction (OS) Domain of the IIEF
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ)
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Aortic Distensibility
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Aortic Thickness
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Effective Arterial Elastance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Index
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Left Ventricular Mass
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Left Ventricular Mass Index
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	MRI Systemic Vascular Resistance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	N-terminal Pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT Pro-BNP)
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Procollagen III N-terminal Peptide
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Uric Acid
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Best Available Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Aldosterone
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Best Available Creatinine
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) Duration
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) Duration
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Collagen Type I (CITP)
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Composite Score Reflective of Clinical Status
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Cystatin C
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	ECHO Effective Arterial Elastance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	ECHO Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	ECHO Systemic Vascular Resistance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Echocardiogram Left Ventricular Mass
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Endothelin-1
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Exercise Capacity as Determined by Walk Distance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Exercise Capacity as Determined by Walk Distance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Exercise Capacity, as Determined by Peak Oxygen Uptake
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Exercise Capacity, as Determined by Peak Oxygen Uptake
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Furosemide-Equivalent Dose
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Galectin 3
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	High Sensitivity Troponin I
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Lateral Diastolic Elastance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Lateral Filling Pressure
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Lateral Left Ventricular Relaxation
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Medial Diastolic Elastance
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Medial Filling Pressure
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Medial Left Ventricular Relaxation
NCT00763867 (45) [back to overview]	Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire
NCT00781508 (2) [back to overview]	The Distance Walked During the 6-minute Walk Test 1 hr After the Oral Administration of Sildenafil 50 mg.
NCT00781508 (2) [back to overview]	Reduction of the Left Ventricular Filling Pressure in Association With Administration of Sildenafil
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Composite Mental Health
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - General Health Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Bodily Pain Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class in Participants With PAH at Weeks 12, 24, 48
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Distance Walked During 6 Minute Walk Distance (6MWD)
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Time to Clinical Worsening (TTCW)
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Social Functioning Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Vitality Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Composite Physical Health
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Mental Health Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Physical Functioning Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Role Limitation Due to Emotional Problems Domain
NCT00796666 (13) [back to overview]	Change in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) From Baseline at Weeks 12, 24 and 48 - Role Limitations Due to Physical Health Problems Domain
NCT00848497 (4) [back to overview]	Change in the IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) Score 6 Months After the Initial Screening Visit.
NCT00848497 (4) [back to overview]	Change in SHIM (Sexual Health Inventory for Males) Score at 6 Months After Initial Screening Visit.
NCT00848497 (4) [back to overview]	Change in the ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male)Score 6 Months After the Initial Screening Visit.
NCT00848497 (4) [back to overview]	Change in the EPIC (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite) Score 6 Months After the Initial Screening Visit.
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP), Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure (SAP), Systolic Systemic Arterial Pressure (sSAP) and Diastolic Systemic Arterial Pressure (dSAP) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP), Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure (sPAP), Diastolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure (dPAP), Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) and Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) at Hour 1 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cardiac Index (CI) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Heart Rate (HR) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Laboratory Values
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI) Over 4 Hours Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Greatest Reduction From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI) and Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI) Over 4 Hours Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) and Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) at Hour 1, 2, 3 and 4 Post Dose
NCT00853112 (13) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI) Over 4 Hours Post Dose
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity (TRV) From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Echo Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV) From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Arginase Activity From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Arginase Concentration From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Cell Free Hemoglobin From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Echo Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume (LVESV) From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma Arginine From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Arginine From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00872170 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Soluble Platelet Selectin (sP-SELECTIN) From Baseline to Week 12 Among Sildenafil Group
NCT00904748 (6) [back to overview]	Half-life (T 1/2)
NCT00904748 (6) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00904748 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Vital Signs
NCT00904748 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT00904748 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC 0-t)
NCT00904748 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC 0-inf )
NCT00940901 (2) [back to overview]	Greater Than or Equal to a 50% Reduction in Priapic Episodes
NCT00940901 (2) [back to overview]	Greater Than or Equal to a 50% Reduction in Priapic Episodes
NCT00946114 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT00964782 (5) [back to overview]	The Change in Exercise Capacity Measured Via Minimum Oxygen Saturation Levels.
NCT00964782 (5) [back to overview]	The Change in Exercise Capacity Measured Via Metabolic Equivalents of Task (METs).
NCT00964782 (5) [back to overview]	The Change in Exercise Capacity Measured Via Maximum Oxygen Consumed During Exercise (VO2)
NCT00964782 (5) [back to overview]	The Change in Exercise Capacity Measured Via Exercise Time
NCT00964782 (5) [back to overview]	The Change in Exercise Capacity Measured Via Maximum Heart Rate
NCT00981747 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Six Minute Walk Distance in Meters
NCT00981747 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Shortness of Breath (SOB) Score
NCT00981747 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
NCT01044693 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Heart Rate During the Night
NCT01044693 (4) [back to overview]	Nocturnal Urinary Sodium Excretion
NCT01044693 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Systolic Blood Pressure During the Night
NCT01044693 (4) [back to overview]	Orthostatic Tolerance the Following Morning
NCT01059994 (2) [back to overview]	Protein Synthesis Rate After 1 Week of Sildenafil or Placebo
NCT01059994 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Muscle Fatigue After 1 Week of Placebo or Sildenafil
NCT01060020 (5) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure in the Whole Cohort.
NCT01060020 (5) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Whole Cohort.
NCT01060020 (5) [back to overview]	Global Longitudinal Strain
NCT01060020 (5) [back to overview]	Load Independent Index of Diastolic Filling.
NCT01060020 (5) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Cardiac Index.
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Patterns of Erectile Dysfunction Treatment Change
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16, and 24 Weeks of the Sexual Relationship Domain of the Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) Questionnaire
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Global Assessment Questions (GAQ)
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint of the Sexual Self-Confidence, Spontaneity, and Time Concerns Domains (23-items) of the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationships Scale (PAIRS)
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Time to Discontinuation of Randomized Treatment
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Treatment Switches
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Days From the 8-Week Study Visit to the Time the Participant Discontinues From All Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitor Treatments
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) Questionnaire at 4, 8, 16, and 24 Weeks
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16, and 24 Weeks of the Confidence Domain of the Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) Questionnaire
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Reasons for Discontinuation of Randomized Erectile Dysfunction Treatment
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16 and 24 Weeks of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Erectile Function (EF) Domain
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16 and 24 Weeks of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Intercourse Satisfaction Domain
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16 and 24 Weeks of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Orgasmic Function Domain
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16 and 24 Weeks of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Overall Satisfaction Domain
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16 and 24 Weeks of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Sexual Desire Domain
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16 and 24 Weeks of the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP)
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16, and 24 Weeks of the Overall Relationship Domain of the Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) Questionnaire
NCT01122264 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 4, 8, 16, and 24 Weeks of the Self Esteem Domain of the Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) Questionnaire
NCT01131104 (1) [back to overview]	30-Day Person Time Analysis Risk of NAION Associated With PDE5 Inhibitor Use
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Chloride Conductance by NPD
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Sweat Chloride Concentration by Pilocarpine Iontophoresis
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Serum Sildenafil Pharmacokinetics
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Pulmonary Function by Spirometry
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Lung Clearance Index
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in CF Heath Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQ-R)
NCT01132482 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Sodium Conductance by Nasal Potential Difference (NPD)
NCT01168908 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Skeletal Muscle Strength
NCT01168908 (6) [back to overview]	Ejection Fraction
NCT01168908 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) by Pulmonary Function Testing
NCT01168908 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Cardiac Mass
NCT01168908 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Cardiac Left Ventricular End-systolic Volume (LVESV) by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Imaging.
NCT01168908 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic Function by CMR
NCT01169519 (2) [back to overview]	Maximum Sildenafil Plasma Concentration
NCT01169519 (2) [back to overview]	Hemodynamic Safety and Efficacy
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under Effect Curve (AUEC) of Supine DBP Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under Effect Curve (AUEC) of Standing DBP Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under Effect Curve (AUEC) of Standing HR Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Change From Baseline in Supine Heart Rate (HR) Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Change From Baseline in Supine Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Change From Baseline in Standing Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Change From Baseline in Supine Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Change From Baseline in Standing Heart Rate (HR) Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Change From Baseline in Standing Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under Effect Curve (AUEC) of Supine SBP Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under Effect Curve (AUEC) of Supine HR Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01179334 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under Effect Curve (AUEC) of Standing SBP Within 4 Hours Post-dose at Visit 6 (Week 12)
NCT01254396 (5) [back to overview]	Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT01254396 (5) [back to overview]	Plasma Decay Half Life (t1/2)
NCT01254396 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT01254396 (5) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Extrapolated Infinite Time [AUC (0-∞)]
NCT01254396 (5) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUClast)
NCT01266265 (1) [back to overview]	Prevalence of Respiratory Tract-Related Adverse Events of Interest
NCT01290484 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Volume of Lymphatic Malformation
NCT01334554 (2) [back to overview]	Endothelial Function
NCT01334554 (2) [back to overview]	Insulin Sensitivity
NCT01347008 (3) [back to overview]	Daily Frequency of Raynaud's Phenomenon Attacks
NCT01347008 (3) [back to overview]	Digital Skin Microvascular Blood Flow Measured by Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) After Cold Stimulus.
NCT01347008 (3) [back to overview]	Digital Skin Microvascular Blood Flow Measured by Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) Before Cold Stimulus
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Sexual Desire Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	"Percentage of Participants Preferring Tadalafil Over Sildenafil Measured at Week 18 Using Question 1 of the Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Treatment Preference Questionnaire (PITPQ)"
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in PAIRS Spontaneity Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in PAIRS Time Concerns Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in Psychosocial and Interpersonal Relationship Scale (PAIRS) Sexual Self-Confidence Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Erectile Function Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Intercourse Satisfaction Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Orgasmic Function Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Overall Satisfaction Domain
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 2
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Change in Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Question 3
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Drug Attributes Questionnaire (DRAQ) at Week 18
NCT01352507 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Moderately or Strongly Preferring the Selected Treatment at Week 18 Using Question 2 of the PITPQ
NCT01365585 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in New York Heart Association, World Health Organization (NYHA/WHO) Functional Class in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) at Year 1, 2, 3 and 4
NCT01365585 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Borg Dyspnea Index at Year 1, 2, 3 and 4
NCT01365585 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Year 4
NCT01365585 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Year 1
NCT01365585 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Year 2
NCT01365585 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Year 3
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Ratio of Dose Normalized AUCtau for Sildenafil Before and After Imatinib Administrations
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Ratio of Dose Normalized Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Tau (AUCtau) for Bosentan Before and After Imatinib Administrations
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Ratio of Dose Normalized Cmax for Sildenafil Before and After Imatinib Administrations
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Ratio of Dose Normalized Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Bosentan Before and After Imatinib Administrations
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With At Least One or More Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Dose Normalized AUCtau of Imatinib and CGP74588 (Active Metabolite of Imatinib)
NCT01392469 (7) [back to overview]	Dose Normalized Cmax of Imatinib and CGP74588 (Active Metabolite of Imatinib)
NCT01409993 (5) [back to overview]	Blood Pressure
NCT01409993 (5) [back to overview]	Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT01409993 (5) [back to overview]	Glucose Infusion Rate
NCT01409993 (5) [back to overview]	Index of Tissue Sensitivity to Insulin
NCT01409993 (5) [back to overview]	Insulin Secretion
NCT01499498 (5) [back to overview]	Boceprevir Alone Maximum Plasma Concentration
NCT01499498 (5) [back to overview]	Boceprevir Maximum Plasma Concentration
NCT01499498 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Adverse Events
NCT01499498 (5) [back to overview]	Sildenafil Maximum Plasma Concentration
NCT01499498 (5) [back to overview]	Sildenafil Alone Maximum Plasma Concentration
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Time to Reach the Maximum Concentration After Drug Administration (Tmax) of LCZ696 Analytes (AHU377, LBQ657 and Valsartan)
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the End of the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of LCZ696 Analytes
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUClast) of Sildenafil and N-desmethyl-sildenafil Analytes
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration Following Drug Administration at Steady State (Cmax,ss) of LCZ696 Analytes (AHU377, LBQ657 and Valsartan)
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Minimum Plasma Concentration Following Drug Administration at Steady State (Cmin,ss) of LCZ696 Analytes (AHU377, LBQ696 and Valsartan)
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Terminal Elimination Half-life (T1/2) of Sildenafil and N-desmethyl-sildenafil Analytes
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Time to Reach the Maximum Concentration After Drug Administration (Tmax) of Sildenafil and N-desmethyl-sildenafil Analytes
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Events and Deaths Were Monitored From Screening to End of Study
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUCinf) of Sildenafil and N-desmethyl-sildenafil Analytes
NCT01601470 (10) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration Following Drug Administration (Cmax) of Sildenafil and N-desmethyl-sildenafil Analytes
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) at Week 4
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) at Week 8
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) at Weeks 28, 40, 52, 64, 76, 88, 100, 112 and 124
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Sildenafil and UK-103,320
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Treatment-Related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Terminal Half Life (t1/2) of Sildenafil and UK-103,320
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Sildenafil and UK-103,320
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Artery Systolic and Diastolic Pressure at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Sildenafil
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Sildenafil
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Ocular Examination Abnormalities
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Pericardial Effusion
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to End of Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of Sildenafil and UK-103,320
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at Week 52 and End of Treatment (EOT)
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cardiac Index (CI) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cardiac Output (CO) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Weeks 4, 8, 16, 28, 40, 52, 64, 76, 88, 100, 112 and 124
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation (SvO2) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in N-terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT Pro-BNP) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in N-terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT Pro-BNP) at Week 52 and End of Treatment (EOT)
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Regurgitation - Pressure Gradient (PR-PG) End-Diastole at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Ratio of Acceleration Time to Ejection Time (AcT/ET) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Right Ventricular Size at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Right Ventricular Tei Index at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systemic Artery Systolic and Diastolic Pressure at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP) at Weeks 4, 8, 16, 28, 40, 52, 64, 76, 88, 100, 112 and 124
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Tricuspid Regurgitation - Pressure Gradient (TR-PG) Peak at Week 16
NCT01642407 (42) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Tricuspid Valve Annulus Size at Week 16
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Hemoglobin Level Measured at Week 8
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Lean Body Mass as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Week 0.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Skeletal Muscle Fatigue as Measured by Biodex 4 Pro After 4 Weeks of Active Drug
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Lean Body Mass as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Week 8.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Maximum Peak Isokinetic Leg Strength as Measured by Biodex Pro4 After 4 Weeks of Active Drug
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Maximum Peak Isokinetic Leg Strength as Measured by Biodex Pro4 After 4 Weeks of Placebo.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Maximum Peak Isometric Leg Strength as Measured by Biodex Pro4 After 4 Weeks of Active Drug.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Maximum Peak Isometric Leg Strength as Measured by Biodex Pro4 After 4 Weeks of Placebo
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Perceptual Fatigue as Measured by Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory - Short Form Total Score at Week 0
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Perceptual Fatigue as Measured by Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory - Short Form Total Score at Week 4
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Lean Body Mass as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Week 4.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Walking Distance at 100% Effort as Measured by Walking Test After 4 Weeks of Placebo
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Walking Distance at 100% Effort as Measured by Walking Test After 4 Weeks of Active Drug
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Skeletal Muscle Fatigue as Measured by Biodex 4 Pro After 4 Weeks of Placebo
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Perceptual Fatigue as Measured by Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory - Short Form Total Score at Week 8
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Exercised Induced Fatigability as Measured by Fatigue Rating Scale After 4 Weeks of Active Drug
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Exercised Induced Fatigability as Measured by Fatigue Rating Scale After 4 Weeks of Placebo
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Fat Mass as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Week 0.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Fat Mass as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Week 4.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Fat Mass as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Week 8.
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Hematocrit Level Measured at Week 0
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Hematocrit Level Measured at Week 8
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Hematocrit Level Was Measured at 4 Weeks
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Hemoglobin Level at Week 0
NCT01661595 (25) [back to overview]	Hemoglobin Level Measured at Week 4
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Treatment Failure Rate
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Central Volume of Distribution (Vc) of Sildenafil and Its Metabolite
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Differential Saturation at Hours 6, 12 and 24 Post-Infusion
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Ratio of Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Arterial Blood to Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (P/F) at Hours 6, 12 and 24
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Sildenafil and Its Metabolite
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Number of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) According to Severity
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Air Conduction Via Phones/Headphones Through Pure Tone Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Air Conduction Via Soundfield Through Pure Tone Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Behavior Hearing Assessment Through Pure Tone Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Bone Conduction Through Pure Tone Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Bone Conduction Through Pure Tone Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Distort Product Through Otoacoustic Emissions Assessment
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Ipsilateral Stapedial Reflex Through Immittance Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Transient Evoked Emission Through Otoacoustic Emissions Assessment
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Tympanometry Assessment (Peak Pressure) Through Immittance Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Audiological Status of Participants as Assessed by Tympanometry Assessment (Static Acoustic Admittance) Through Immittance Audiometry Test
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Composite Scores of Social-Emotional and Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire as Assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley-III)
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Neurological Progress of Participants as Assessed by the Neurology Optimality Score
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Deaths
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Eye Movement Disorders as Assessed by Eye Examination
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Oxygenation Index (OI) at Hours 6, 12 and 24 Post-Infusion
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Visual Acuity of Non-Verbal Participants as Assessed by Ophthalmological Assessment
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Visual Acuity of Verbal Participants as Assessed by LogMAR Through Visual Acuity Chart
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Visual Acuity of Verbal Participants as Assessed by Ophthalmological Assessment
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Visual Status of Participants With Abnormality as Assessed by Eye Examination of the Anterior and Posterior Segments
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Individual Components of Treatment Failure
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Total Plasma Clearance (CL) of Sildenafil and Its Metabolite
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Part B: Composite Scores of Cognitive, Language, and Motor Developmental Progress of Participants as Assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley-III)
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Time From Initiation of Intravenous (IV) Study Drug to Final Weaning of Mechanical Ventilation
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Time From Initiation of Intravenous (IV) Study Drug to First Treatment Failure
NCT01720524 (33) [back to overview]	Time on Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) Treatment After Initiation of Intravenous (IV) Study Drug For Participants Without Treatment Failure
NCT01726049 (4) [back to overview]	Wedge Pressure Measured Invasively by Right Heart Catheterization
NCT01726049 (4) [back to overview]	VO2max
NCT01726049 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure Measured by Right Heart Catheterization
NCT01726049 (4) [back to overview]	Cardiac Output Measured Invasively by Right Heart Catheterization
NCT01948518 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Diffusion Capacity Measured at Baseline and One Hour.
NCT01948518 (2) [back to overview]	Change in 6 Minute Walk Distance
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	Baseline Diameter
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	VO2 Peak (Absolute)
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	VO2 Peak (Percent Predicted)
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	FEV1 (% Predicted)
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	VO2 Peak (Relative)
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	VE Peak
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	Acute Study: Percentage Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD)
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	RER Peak
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	Peak Diameter
NCT02057458 (10) [back to overview]	Absolute Change in Diameter
NCT02060487 (4) [back to overview]	Overall Survival
NCT02060487 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Month 12
NCT02060487 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Month 6
NCT02060487 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinical Worsening Events
NCT02129725 (1) [back to overview]	Insulin-stimulated AKT Phosphorylation
NCT02304705 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Exercise Tolerance
NCT02335242 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Subject's Assessment of Change in Lymphatic Malformation Overall Score
NCT02335242 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Lesion Volume of the Test Medication as Evaluated by MRI Examination.
NCT02414204 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Baseline and 2 Week FMD/VP Measurements Between Sildenafil Group and Placebo Group
NCT02414204 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Change in Blood Flow Rate
NCT02626182 (3) [back to overview]	6 Minute Walk Distance
NCT02626182 (3) [back to overview]	Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Work Rate
NCT02626182 (3) [back to overview]	Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life-Revised Respiratory Domain Score
NCT02710981 (3) [back to overview]	Clinical Pregnancy Rate
NCT02710981 (3) [back to overview]	Endometrial Thickness
NCT02710981 (3) [back to overview]	Uterine Blood Flow
NCT02802345 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With On-treatment Serious Adverse Events (SAE) From Baseline to Week 24
NCT02802345 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Total Score at Week 12
NCT02802345 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Dyspnoea Using UCSD SOBQ at Week 24
NCT02802345 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Dyspnoea Using the University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ) at Week 12
NCT02802345 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in SGRQ Total Score at Week 24
NCT02891850 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Satisfactory Clinical Response at Week 24
NCT02891850 (5) [back to overview]	Change in 6 Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) With Last Observation Carried Forward From Baseline to 24 Weeks
NCT02891850 (5) [back to overview]	Change in N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) With Last Observation Carried Forward at Week 24
NCT02891850 (5) [back to overview]	Change in World Health Organization Functional Class (WHO FC) With Last Observation Carried Forward From Baseline to Week 24
NCT02891850 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adjudicated Clinical Worsening at Week 24
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in MMP-9 at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Number of Participants With Detectable IL-6 at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Peripheral Arterial Tone (PAT) LnRHI at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in RF at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in VCAM-1 at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) Without Nitroglycerin at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Adverse Events (AE) Related to Treatment
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Serious Adverse Events (SAE)
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CCP at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD40L at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in E-selectin at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ESR at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in hsCRP at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ICAM-1 at 3 Months
NCT02908490 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in MPO at 3 Months
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Borg Scale Result at the End of the Test at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Distance Walked, 6-minute Walking Distance (6MWD) Test at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Level (pg/mL) at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Oxygen Requirements, 6-minute Walking Distance (6MWD) Test at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity/ Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity (DLCO)
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Transthoracic Echocardiography (ECHO) Parameter: Inferior Vena Cava Diameter
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Transthoracic Echocardiography (ECHO) Parameter: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Transthoracic Echocardiography (ECHO) Parameter: Peak Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Lung Transplantation
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Disease Progression, as Determined by Relevant Decline in 6 Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) of At Least (>=) 15 Percent (%) From Baseline, Respiratory-Related Non-Elective Hospitalization, or Death From Any Cause
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Decline From Baseline in 6-minute Walking Distance (6MWD) of >= 15%
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Transthoracic Echocardiography (ECHO) Parameter: Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Transthoracic Echocardiography (ECHO) Parameter: Right Ventricle Basal Diameter
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Transthoracic Echocardiography (ECHO) Parameter: Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAPs)
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to Respiratory-Related Non-Elective Hospitalization From Baseline to Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to Death From Any Cause
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Changes From Baseline at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants by World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Other 6-minute Walking Distance (6MWD) Parameters at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	University of California, San Diego-Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD-SOBQ) Changes From Baseline at Week 52
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to Respiratory-Related Death
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to Multiple Occurrence of Disease Progression Events
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to First Occurrence of Relevant ≥15% Decline From Baseline in 6-minute Walking Distance (6MWD)
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to First Occurrence of Disease Progression
NCT02951429 (27) [back to overview]	Time to All-Cause Non-Elective Hospitalization
NCT03012386 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Microvascular Blood Volume (MBV) During Insulin Infusion
NCT03012386 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Microvascular Blood Volume (MBV) During Insulin Infusion After 4 Weeks of Sildenafil Treatment in Both Groups
NCT03154476 (1) [back to overview]	Liver Stiffness as Measured by Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE)
NCT03686813 (4) [back to overview]	"Number of Participants With Comet Tails Seen on Ultrasound of the Lungs"
NCT03686813 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Dyspnea Leading to Voluntary Premature Cessation of Exercise
NCT03686813 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Pulmonary Edema
NCT03686813 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post-exercise 10% Decrease in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) or Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) as Measured by Spirometry
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Energetic Efficiency Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Energetic Efficiency Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Stroke Volume Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Stroke Volume Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Energetic Efficiency Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Energetic Efficiency Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Stroke Volume Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Diastolic Volume Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Diastolic Volume Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Systolic Volume Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Diastolic Volume Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Systolic Volume Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Diastolic Volume Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Systolic Volume Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Systolic Volume Pre and Post Metoprolol
NCT03696758 (20) [back to overview]	Right Ventricular Stroke Volume Pre and Post Sildenafil
NCT03733470 (1) [back to overview]	Perfused Blood Volume Assessed for a Change in Lung Inflammation Pre and Post Dose Sildenafil Administration

Borg Dyspnea(Scale That Measures Breathlessness) Score at Finish of 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

Participants were asked to scale the breathlessness felt at the end of 6MWT from 0 to 10, with 0 being the least discomfort and 10 being the most discomfort in breathing. (NCT00104637)
Timeframe: Period 1 and Period 3 ( within 8 weeks)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Sildenafil	3.9
Placebo	3.8

Intervention	mm (Mean)
	Hour 0	Hour 1	Hour 2	Hour 3	Hour 4
Placebo	95.6	88.6	72.5	58.5	51.4
Sildenafil Citrate	91.2	65.2	23.4	13.8	8.8

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline	6 mos	12 mos	24 months (2 years)
Placebo With Radiotherapy	64	58	51	54.50
Prophylactic Sildenafil Citrate With Radiotherapy	64	59.00	58.00	58

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Week 4: >20% Increase	Week 4: No Change	Week 4: >20% Decrease	Week 4: Stopped	Week 4: Missing	Week 8: >20% Increase	Week 8: No Change	Week 8: >20% Decrease	Week 8: Stopped	Week 8: Missing	Week 12: >20% Increase	Week 12: No Change	Week 12: >20% Decrease	Week 12: Stopped	Week 12: Missing	Week 16: >20% Increase	Week 16: No Change	Week 16: >20% Decrease	Week 16: Stopped	Week 16: Missing	Week 20: >20% Increase	Week 20: No Change	Week 20: >20% Decrease	Week 20: Stopped	Week 20: Missing	Week 24: >20% Increase	Week 24: No Change	Week 24: >20% Decrease	Week 24: Stopped	Week 24: Missing	Month 9: >20% Increase	Month 9: No Change	Month 9: >20% Decrease	Month 9: Stopped	Month 9: Missing	Month 12: >20% Increase	Month 12: No Change	Month 12: >20% Decrease	Month 12: Stopped	Month 12: Missing	Month 15: >20% Increase	Month 15: No Change	Month 15: >20% Decrease	Month 15: Stopped	Month 15: Missing	Month 18: >20% Increase	Month 18: No Change	Month 18: >20% Decrease	Month 18: Stopped	Month 18: Missing	Month 21: >20% Increase	Month 21: No Change	Month 21: >20% Decrease	Month 21: Stopped	Month 21: Missing	Month 24: >20% Increase	Month 24: No Change	Month 24: >20% Decrease	Month 24: Stopped	Month 24: Missing	Month 27: >20% Increase	Month 27: No Change	Month 27: >20% Decrease	Month 27: Stopped	Month 27: Missing	Month 30: >20% Increase	Month 30: No Change	Month 30: >20% Decrease	Month 30: Stopped	Month 30: Missing	Month 33: >20% Increase	Month 33: No Change	Month 33: >20% Decrease	Month 33: Stopped	Month 33: Missing	Month 36: >20% Increase	Month 36: No Change	Month 36: >20% Decrease	Month 36: Stopped	Month 36: Missing	Month 39: >20% Increase	Month 39: No Change	Month 39: >20% Decrease	Month 39: Stopped	Month 39: Missing	Month 42: >20% Increase	Month 42: No Change	Month 42: >20% Decrease	Month 42: Stopped	Month 42: Missing	Month 45: >20% Increase	Month 45: No Change	Month 45: >20% Decrease	Month 45: Stopped	Month 45: Missing	Month 48: >20% Increase	Month 48: No Change	Month 48: >20% Decrease	Month 48: Stopped	Month 48: Missing	Month 51: >20% Increase	Month 51: No Change	Month 51: >20% Decrease	Month 51: Stopped	Month 51: Missing	Month 54: >20% Increase	Month 54: No Change	Month 54: >20% Decrease	Month 54: Stopped	Month 54: Missing	Month 57: >20% Increase	Month 57: No Change	Month 57: >20% Decrease	Month 57: Stopped	Month 57: Missing	Month 60: >20% Increase	Month 60: No Change	Month 60: >20% Decrease	Month 60: Stopped	Month 60: Missing	Month 63: >20% Increase	Month 63: No Change	Month 63: >20% Decrease	Month 63: Stopped	Month 63: Missing	Month 66: >20% Increase	Month 66: No Change	Month 66: >20% Decrease	Month 66: Stopped	Month 66: Missing	Month 69: >20% Increase	Month 69: No Change	Month 69: >20% Decrease	Month 69: Stopped	Month 69: Missing
All Subjects	0	0	0	0	13	0	0	0	0	11	0	0	0	0	14	0	0	0	0	199	0	0	0	0	186	0	0	0	0	190	0	0	0	0	174	4	162	9	0	0	5	130	20	1	0	10	109	27	1	0	10	105	27	2	0	15	93	24	2	0	18	87	23	3	0	19	78	23	3	0	18	76	22	2	0	20	66	19	4	0	19	55	19	5	0	19	55	18	5	0	24	51	15	4	0	23	38	17	5	0	17	33	14	3	0	14	31	14	5	0	12	27	12	4	0	12	22	11	2	0	6	21	4	1	0	4	15	2	1	0	4	9	1	0	0

Intervention	scores on scale (Mean)
	Month 15 (n=57, 81)	Month 27 (n=55, 60)	Month 39 (n=40, 41)
Placebo/Sildenafil	6.8	5.5	4.7
Sildenafil/Sildenafil	12.8	11.2	11.5

Intervention	scores on scale (Median)
	Week 4 (n=112, 120)	Week 8 (n=106, 113)	Week 12 (n=102, 108)	Week 16 (n=95, 106)	Week 20 (n=80, 96)	Week 24 (n=91, 105)	Month 9 (n=75, 98)	Month 12 (n=72, 90)	Month 15 (n=75, 91)	Month 18 (n=67, 74)	Month 21 (n=67, 79)	Month 24 (n=68, 60)	Month 27 (n=67, 69)	Month 30 (n=55, 68)	Month 33 (n=62, 65)	Month 36 (n=51, 62)
Placebo/Sildenafil	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sldenafil/Sildenafil	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	1 Year: >= 60 m Improvement	1 Year: 60 - 30 m Improvement	1 Year: 30 - 0 m Improvement	1 Year: 0 - 30 m Worsening	1 Year: 30 - 60 m Worsening	1 Year: > 60 m Worsening	1 Year: Discontinued	1 Year: Died	1 Year: Missing	2 Year: >= 60 m Improvement	2 Year: 60 - 30 m Improvement	2 Year: 30 - 0 m Improvement	2 Year: 0 - 30 m Worsening	2 Year: 30 - 60 m Worsening	2 Year: > 60 m Worsening	2 Year: Discontinued	2 Year: Died	2 Year: Missing	3 Year: >= 60 m Improvement	3 Year: 60 - 30 m Improvement	3 Year: 30 - 0 m Improvement	3 Year: 0 - 30 m Worsening	3 Year: 30 - 60 m Worsening	3 Year: > 60 m Worsening	3 Year: Discontinued	3 Year: Died	3 Year: Missing
Placebo/Sildenafil	27	20	23	12	6	6	22	14	1	23	16	15	18	2	7	25	24	1	22	9	10	15	3	5	35	31	1
Sildenafil/Sildenafil	46	26	15	10	6	6	14	10	1	44	10	8	9	7	7	23	24	2	29	10	8	5	7	8	33	33	1

Intervention	participants (Number)
	1 Year: Improved 2 Classes	1 Year: Improved 1 Class	1 Year: No Change	1 Year: Worsened 1 Class	1 Year: Worsened 2 Classes	1 Year: Discontinued	1 Year: Died	2 Year: Improved 2 Classes	2 Year: Improved 1 Class	2 Year: No Change	2 Year: Worsened 1 Class	2 Year: Worsened 2 Classes	2 Year: Discontinued	2 Year: Died	3 Year: Improved 2 Classes	3 Year: Improved 1 Class	3 Year: No Change	3 Year: Worsened 1 Class	3 Year: Worsened 2 Classes	3 Year: Discontinued	3 Year: Died
Placebo/Sildenafil	2	27	59	7	0	22	14	1	24	50	7	0	25	24	1	21	39	3	1	35	31
Sildenafil/Sildenafil	3	46	57	3	1	14	10	4	31	47	5	0	23	24	4	21	37	6	0	33	33

Intervention	participants (Number)
	1 year: Deaths	1 Year: Survived 1 Year of Study	1 Year: Discontinued before 1 Year of Study	2 Years: Deaths	2 Years: Survived 2 Years of Study	2 Years: Discontinued before 2 Years of Study	3 Years: Deaths	3 Years: Survived 3 Years of Study	3 Years: Discontinued before 3 Years of Study	4 Years: Deaths	4 Years: Survived 4 Years of Study	4 Years: Discontinued before 4 Years of Study	4 Years: Ongoing for Less than Timepoint	5 Years: Deaths	5 Years: Survived 5 Years of Study	5 Years: Discontinued before 5 Years of Study	5 Years: Ongoing for Less than Timepoint
All Subjects	24	205	36	48	169	48	64	133	68	71	88	75	26	82	29	74	78

Intervention	scores on scale (Mean)
	Month 15 (n=58, 78)	Month 27 (n=56, 60)	Month 39 (n=40, 43)
Placebo/Sildenafil	0.0505	0.0489	-0.0278
Sildenafil/Sildenafil	0.0473	0.0483	0.0770

Intervention	scores on scale (Mean)
	Month 15: Physical Functioning Score (n=59, 83)	Month 27: Physical Functioning Score (n=60, 62)	Month 39: Physical Functioning Score (n=42, 47)	Month 15: Role Limitations (phys health)(n=59, 82)	Month 27: Role Limitations (phys health)(n=60, 62)	Month 39: Role Limitations (phys health)(n=42, 47)	Month 15: Bodily Pain Score (n=59, 82)	Month 27: Bodily Pain Score (n=60, 62)	Month 39: Bodily Pain Score (n=42, 46)	Month 15: General Health Score (n=59, 83)	Month 27: General Health Score (n=60, 62)	Month 39: General Health Score (n=41, 47)	Month 15: Vitality Score (n=59, 83)	Month 27: Vitality Score (n=60, 62)	Month 39: Vitality Score (n=42, 47)	Month 15: Social Functioning Score (n=59, 83)	Month 27: Social Functioning Score (n=60, 63)	Month 39: Social Functioning Score (n=42, 47)	Month 15: Role Limitations (Emotional) (n=59, 82)	Month 27: Role Limitations (Emotional) (n=60, 62)	Month 39: Role Limitations (Emotional) (n=42, 47)	Month 15: Mental Health Score (n=59, 83)	Month 27: Mental Health Score (n=60, 62)	Month 39: Mental Health Score (n=42, 47)
Placebo/Sildenafil	10.5	9.7	8.9	15.7	4.6	4.2	10.4	-0.1	-4.9	-0.2	2.7	3.1	5.0	5.7	6.9	5.9	6.7	2.4	1.7	-1.7	3.2	0.5	0.9	0.8
Sildenafil/Sildenafil	14.8	12.5	14.0	14.2	2.6	5.1	5.9	4.0	3.5	10.1	6.9	3.4	8.9	7.2	5.2	5.1	1.4	-0.8	1.2	-7.0	2.1	3.3	0.1	3.7

Intervention	participants (Number)
	BL I; Month 15: I	BL I; Month 15: II	BL I; Month 15: III	BL I; Month 15: IV	BL I; Month 15: V	BL II; Month 15: I	BL II; Month 15: II	BL II; Month 15: III	BL II; Month 15: IV	BL II; Month 15: V	BL III; Month 15: I	BL III; Month 15: II	BL III; Month 15: III	BL III; Month 15: IV	BL III; Month 15: V	BL IV; Month 15: I	BL IV; Month 15: II	BL IV; Month 15: III	BL IV; Month 15: IV	BL IV; Month 15: V	BL V; Month 15: I	BL V; Month 15: II	BL V; Month 15: III	BL V; Month 15: IV	BL V; Month 15: V	Month 15: Missing Data	BL I; Month 27: I	BL I; Month 27: II	BL I; Month 27: III	BL I; Month 27: IV	BL I; Month 27: V	BL II; Month 27: I	BL II; Month 27: II	BL II; Month 27: III	BL II; Month 27: IV	BL II; Month 27: V	BL III; Month 27: I	BL III; Month 27: II	BL III; Month 27: III	BL III; Month 27: IV	BL III; Month 27: V	BL IV; Month 27: I	BL IV; Month 27: II	BL IV; Month 27: III	BL IV; Month 27: IV	BL IV; Month 27: V	BL V; Month 27: I	BL V; Month 27: II	BL V; Month 27: III	BL V; Month 27: IV	BL V; Month 27: V	Month 27: Missing Data	BL I; Month 39: I	BL I; Month 39: II	BL I; Month 39: III	BL I; Month 39: IV	BL I; Month 39: V	BL II; Month 39: I	BL II; Month 39: II	BL II; Month 39: III	BL II; Month 39: IV	BL II; Month 39: V	BL III; Month 39: I	BL III; Month 39: II	BL III; Month 39: III	BL III; Month 39: IV	BL III; Month 39: V	BL IV; Month 39: I	BL IV; Month 39: II	BL IV; Month 39: III	BL IV; Month 39: IV	BL IV; Month 39: V	BL V; Month 39: I	BL V; Month 39: II	BL V; Month 39: III	BL V; Month 39: IV	BL V; Month 39: V	Month 39: Missing Data
Placebo/Sildenafil	2	5	5	0	0	7	9	3	1	0	3	6	11	0	0	2	0	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	73	4	2	2	3	0	4	9	8	1	0	3	7	9	2	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	73	1	2	3	1	0	4	6	6	3	0	2	3	8	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	89
Sildenafil/Sildenafil	9	4	2	1	0	5	12	7	2	0	4	8	7	2	0	5	3	3	4	0	1	3	1	0	0	51	2	6	2	0	0	3	7	7	3	0	5	6	7	3	0	1	3	3	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	71	2	4	4	1	0	5	3	6	1	0	3	3	6	1	0	0	0	2	4	0	1	0	1	0	0	87

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	7.83
Sildenafil Medium Dose	7.68
Sildenafil High Dose	13.16

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	0.59
Sildenafil Medium Dose	-0.52
Sildenafil High Dose	0.08

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	12.79
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	7.65
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	5.83
Placebo/ Low Dose	8.70
Placebo/ Medium Dose	0.20
Placebo/ High Dose	-6.13
Placebo Non-randomized	NA

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	All Classes (N = 18, 26, 43, 7, 8, 14, 4)	At least one class (N = 42, 55, 77, 13, 19, 23, 5)
Placebo Non-randomized	1	1
Placebo/ High Dose	2	2
Placebo/ Low Dose	2	3
Placebo/ Medium Dose	1	5
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	11	23
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	6	13
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	5	13

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Severely Limited	Moderately Limited	Mildly Limited	Not Limited
Placebo Non-randomized	0	1	0	1
Placebo/ High Dose	0	1	2	20
Placebo/ Low Dose	0	0	1	12
Placebo/ Medium Dose	1	4	5	9
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	0	7	20	49
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	0	5	10	24
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	0	5	11	39

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Markedly Improved	Moderately Improved	Mild Improvement	No Change	Slightly Worse	Moderately Worse	Markedly Worse	Discontinued	Died	Missing
Sildenafil High Dose	6	27	37	17	0	0	0	10	1	2
Sildenafil Low Dose	6	8	19	15	1	0	0	5	0	1
Sildenafil Medium Dose	6	18	26	16	1	1	0	4	0	2

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Improved by 3 Classes	Improved by 2 Classes	Improved by 1 Class	No change	Worsened by 1 Class	Worsened by 2 Classes	Worsened by 3 Classes	Discontinued	Died	Missing
Sildenafil High Dose	0	1	16	55	5	0	0	16	5	2
Sildenafil Low Dose	0	0	11	28	3	0	0	9	1	3
Sildenafil Medium Dose	0	1	11	47	2	0	0	9	2	2

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	14.29
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	9.34
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	5.91
Placebo/ Low Dose	8.51
Placebo/ Medium Dose	9.86
Placebo/ High Dose	4.64
Placebo Non-randomized	NA

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	5.63
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	3.92
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	3.48
Placebo/ Low Dose	13.74
Placebo/ Medium Dose	5.30
Placebo/ High Dose	4.27
Placebo Non-randomized	NA

sildenafil citrate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (123)

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (34)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (115)

Molecular Functions (52)

Ceullar Components (44)

Bioassays (82)

Research

Studies (5,468)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (396)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Borg Dyspnea(Scale That Measures Breathlessness) Score at Finish of 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

VO2 Peak (Oxygen Consumption at Peak Exercise)

Pulmonary Function FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)

Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2) in Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2) in Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Oxygen Pulse

O2 Saturation at Peak Exercise

Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1 )

Diffusing Capacity of Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)

A-a Gradient (Alveolar-arterial Gradient)

6 Minute Walk Distance

Improvement in Pain Severity Determined by Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

The Primary Outcome Was Total Pain Relief Over 4 Hours (TOPAR4), Comparing a Single Dose of Sildenafil 100 mg to a Single Dose of Placebo.

Assessment of Erectile Dysfunction

Change in Epoprostenol Dose From Baseline Maintained for 6 Months

Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life (EuroQol) Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D VAS): Current Health State Score

Change From Baseline in BORG Dyspnea Score

Categorized Change From Baseline in 6-Minute Walking Distance

Change in Pulmonary Hypertension Criteria for Functional Capacity and Therapeutic Class

Survival Status

Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life Scale (EuroQol) 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D): Utility Index Score

Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36)

Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36): Reported Health Transition Score

Percentage Change From Baseline in End Tidal Carbon Dioxide (CO2) at Year 1.

Percentage Change From Baseline in End Tidal Oxygen (O2) at Year 1.

Percentage Change From Baseline in Percent Predicted Peak VO2 at Year 1.

Additions From Baseline in Background Therapy up to the End of Study

Pediatric Motor Development Status at Week 16.

Pediatric Motor Development Status at Week 52

Physician Global Assessment at Year 1

Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in WHO PH Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 2.

Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in WHO PH Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 3.

Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in WHO PH Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 4.

Summary of Shift in Changes From Start of Sildenafil in World Health Organization Pulmonary Hypertension (WHO PH) Functional Class by A1481156 Treatment Group at Year 1.

Participant (Parent) Global Assessment at Year 1

Pediatric Cognitive Development Status at Week 16.

Pediatric Cognitive Development Status at Week 52.

Change From Baseline in Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (CHQ-PF28) as Assessed by the Physical Scale at Year 1.

Change From Baseline in Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (CHQ-PF28) as Assessed by the Psychosocial Scale at Year 1.

Discontinuation Due to Intolerability

Downtitration in Dose Due to Intolerability.

Number of Deaths Reported During This Study

Number of Deaths Reported in the Study Prior to the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) Recommendation of Dose Down Titration

Number of Participants Reporting at Least One Adverse Event

Number of Participants Reporting at Least One Serious Adverse Event

Number of Participants Reporting Treatment-related Adverse Events

Number of Participants Reporting Treatment-related Serious Adverse Events

Number of Participants With Deterioration Post Baseline in Color Vision Monitoring Safety Tests.

Number of Participants With Deterioration Post Baseline in Visual Acuity Safety Tests

Peak Volume of Oxygen (VO2) Consumed at Year 1 Using a Bicycle Ergometry Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPX)

Percent Change From Baseline in Respiratory Exchange Ratio at Year 1

Percent Change From Baseline in Time to Maximum VO2 at Year 1

Percent Change From Start of Sildenafil in Total Ventilation (VE) to Year 1

Percentage Change From Baseline in Anaerobic Threshold at Year 1.

Change From Baseline to Week 16 in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI)

Intervention	mL/kg/min (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	19.97
Sildenafil Medium Dose	18.69
Sildenafil High Dose	17.93

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	2.15
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	5.63
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	0.68
Placebo/ Low Dose	-3.69
Placebo/ Medium Dose	0.27
Placebo/ High Dose	10.75
Placebo Non-randomized	NA

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	25.47
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	13.08
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	7.70
Placebo/ Low Dose	21.17
Placebo/ Medium Dose	36.68
Placebo/ High Dose	-9.64
Placebo Non-randomized	NA

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Sildenafil Low/Low Dose	-1.22
Sildenafil Medium/ Medium Dose	1.99
Sildenafil High/ High Dose	3.28
Placebo/ Low Dose	7.23
Placebo/ Medium Dose	-3.59
Placebo/ High Dose	8.96
Placebo Non-randomized	NA

Intervention	wood units. m2 (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	0.1
Sildenafil Medium Dose	-2.9
Sildenafil High Dose	-5.1
Combined Sildenafil	-3.2
Placebo	1.6

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	0.9
Sildenafil Medium Dose	-3.9
Sildenafil High Dose	-7.4
Combined Sildenafil	-4.3
Placebo	-0.4

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	-0.00
Sildenafil Medium Dose	-0.05
Sildenafil High Dose	-0.02
Combined Sildenafil	-0.03
Placebo	-0.03

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	64.83
Sildenafil Medium Dose	64.42
Sildenafil High Dose	31.33
Combined Sildenafil	52.95
Placebo	8.84

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	5.43
Sildenafil Medium Dose	15.66
Sildenafil High Dose	9.34
Combined Sildenafil	10.10
Placebo	2.81

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Sildenafil Low Dose	6.44
Sildenafil Medium Dose	13.40
Sildenafil High Dose	10.58
Combined Sildenafil	10.24
Placebo	0.53