thyroxine profile

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5819
CHEMBL ID	1624
CHEBI ID	18332
SCHEMBL ID	23098
MeSH ID	M0021504
PubMed CID	853
CHEMBL ID	42115
CHEBI ID	30660
SCHEMBL ID	26147
MeSH ID	M0021504

Synonym
AC-7504
BIDD:PXR0161
AB00052176-08
BRD-K30685142-001-05-5
gtpl2635
CHEBI:18332 ,
smr000059176
MLS000028647
lt4
nsc-36397
thx ,
thyratabs
(-)-thyroxine
thyroxine iodine
thyroxin
thyreoideum
thyroxine, l-
tetraiodothyronine
DIVK1C_006967
SDCCGMLS-0066571.P001
SPECTRUM_001076
PRESTWICK_548 ,
cas-51-48-9
PRESTWICK3_000403
BPBIO1_000360
PRESTWICK2_000403
SPECTRUM5_001500
BSPBIO_000326
o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodotyrosine
synthroid (sodium salt)
(2s)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-phenyl]propanoic acid
levothroid (sodium salt)
thyroxinal
T44 ,
3,3',5,5''-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)alanine
hsdb 3108
beta-((3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)alanine
l-tyrosine, o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-
l-3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine
3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]-l-alanine
thryroxine, l-
levothyroxinum (acid)
thyrax
thyroxine (van)
l-thyroxin
nsc 36397
thyroxine (l)
3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine
2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-phenyl]-propanoic acid
laevothyroxinum (acid)
ccris 6739
levothyroxine
t4
51-48-9
3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
3,5,3'5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
thyroxine
l-t4
o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diidophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-l-tyrosine
3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
L-THYROXINE ,
levothyroxin
4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-l-phenylalanine
o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-l-tyrosine
C01829
l-thyroxine, powder, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture
l-thyroxine, >=98% (hplc)
DB00451
1HK1
1HK2
1HK3
1HK4
1HK5
2CEO
1Y0X
NCGC00164336-01
brn 2228515
einecs 200-101-1
dl-thyroxin
KBIO1_001911
KBIOSS_001556
KBIOGR_000516
KBIO3_001642
KBIO2_004124
KBIO2_001556
KBIO2_006692
SPECPLUS_000871
PRESTWICK1_000403
SPECTRUM3_000611
SPECTRUM2_000573
SPECTRUM4_000128
PRESTWICK0_000403
SPBIO_000386
SPBIO_002265
SPECTRUM1500774
BSPBIO_002142
NCGC00164336-03
NCGC00164336-02
o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl) 3,5-diiodo-l-tyrosine
l thyroxine
eutirox
T-3850 ,
l-thyroxine, free acid
HMS2090P18
HMS2092K12
D08125
forthyron (tn)
levothyroxine (ban)
CHEMBL1624 ,
synthetic levothyroxine
HMS1569A08
HMS1921I06
3,5,3'',5''-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
3,3'',5,5''-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
bdbm50301375
(2s)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
cpd000059176
HMS2096A08
HMS3259M11
levothyroxine [inn:ban]
q51bo43mg4 ,
unii-q51bo43mg4
dtxsid8023214 ,
dtxcid603214
NCGC00255368-01
tox21_302156
tox21_112101
laevothyroxinum
nsc757434
henning
levothyroxinum
MLS002548901
BMSE000923
nsc-757434
pharmakon1600-01500774
HMS2233J18
CCG-38738
tetramet
NCGC00164336-05
l-tyrosine,o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-
levothyroxine [vandf]
liothyronine sodium impurity a [ep impurity]
levothyroxine [usp-rs]
(-)-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)alanine
levothyroxine [who-dd]
thyroxine [mi]
sk&f 1-6528
levothyroxine [hsdb]
EPITOPE ID:123889
AKOS015905129
S2599
CS-1819
HY-18341
NC00485
AM83594
SCHEMBL23098
tox21_112101_1
NCGC00094852-03
AC-10465
AB00052176_09
AB00052176_10
mfcd00002595
SR-01000759430-2
(s)-2-amino-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid
levothyroxine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
thyroxine (t4), irmm(r) certified reference material
SR-05000001567-1
sr-05000001567
levothyroxine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
SBI-0051608.P002
NCGC00164336-06
HMS3713A08
SW196731-3
NCGC00164336-04
forthyron
Q773449
BRD-K30685142-001-08-9
levothyroxine;t4
D78141
(2s)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3, 5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
(s)-2-amino-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoicacid
EN300-708765
AS-81045
thyroxine (i)
levothyroxine (usp-rs)
thyroxine cord
beta-
BB 0262697
l-tyrosine,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-
3,5,5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine
t4 (pharmaceutical)
nsc36397
7488-70-2
SGCUT00139
CHEBI:30660 ,
o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-dl-tyrosine
2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
300-30-1
dl-thyroxine
TO_000083
monosodium thyroxine
nsc259940
l-tyrosine,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-, monosodium salt
NCGC00094852-01
NCGC00094852-02
thyroxine, dl-
einecs 206-088-9
CHEMBL42115
AKOS003348790
unii-qr0bv3bria
qr0bv3bria ,
FT-0675208
FT-0625522
FT-0600821
EPITOPE ID:122661
(+/-)-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)alanine
dl-thyroxine [mi]
AKOS016344683
SCHEMBL26147
dl-o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodotyrosine
(.+/-.)-o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodotyrosine
4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenylalanine #
XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
dl-tyrosine, o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-
3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-dl-thyronine
DTXSID0023662
STL481965
HMS3656A22
2-amino-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid
BCP34411
bdbm398048
us10322118, entry 6
d-t4; d-thyroxine
NCGC00094852-04
LS-04434

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

The most common medically confirmed adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of levothyroxine. Possible adverse effects of this therapy include cardiovascular changes (shortening of systolic time intervals, increased frequency of atrial premature beats and, possibly, left ventricular hypertrophy)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Cadmium and mercury treatment at LD50 levels resulted in severe thyrotoxicosis in the rabbit."	( Thyrotoxicity of the chlorides of cadmium and mercury in rabbit. Bhattacharya, S; Ghosh, N, 1992)	0.28
"Guinea pigs receiving intramuscular kanamycin sulfate 400 mg/kg daily and thyroxin 10 mg/kg orally every other day for 9 days were studied to determine whether thyroxin prevents toxic damage to the cochlea from kanamycin."	( The prophylactic effect of thyroxin on kanamycin ototoxicity in guinea pigs. Din, D; Hangfu, M; Zhao, J, 1992)	0.28
" Supplementing 35 or 350 ppm iodine to the basal diet resulted in toxic effects (P less than or equal to ."	( Iodine toxicity in large white turkey breeder hens. Christensen, VL; Ort, JF, 1991)	0.28
"The toxic effects of cadmium on the thyroid gland of pregnant rats were studied with an electron microscope and an X-ray microanalyzer."	( Cadmium toxicity in the thyroid gland of pregnant rats. Araki, H; Doi, Y; Hamasaki, K; Hara, K; Mori, N; Sakamoto, Y; Tanaka, I; Umezu, Y; Yokoyama, M; Yoshizuka, M, 1991)	0.28
" Oral administration of phenobarbital enhanced the toxic effect of RM on (b), (d) and (e) and did not modify the toxic effect of RM on (a), (c) and (f)."	( Glucosinolates toxicity in growing rats: interactions with the hepatic detoxification system. Nugon-Baudon, L; Rabot, S; Raibaud, P; Szylit, O, 1990)	0.28
"Hormonal status was evaluated in TCDD-treated rats and in pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls in order to separate hormonal changes resulting from the toxic insult of TCDD from those arising from progressive feed deprivation as it occurs in pair-fed controls."	( Some endocrine and morphological aspects of the acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Arceo, RJ; Gorski, JR; Iatropoulos, MJ; Muzi, G; Pereira, DW; Rozman, K; Weber, LW, 1988)	0.27
" It is suggested that these changes represent a toxic effect of thiourea rather than a retardation of pulmonary development."	( Lung development under the influence of thiourea and L-thyroxine. Retarding and toxic effects of thiourea. Hammel, W; Liebich, HG; Steib, A; Wittmann, J, 1987)	0.27
" Toxic effects were observed only at the 10 mg/kg dose in the tPCP-treated calves."	( Assessment of pentachlorophenol toxicity in newborn calves: clinicopathology and tissue residues. Forsell, JH; Hughes, BJ; Kuo, C; Shull, LR; Sleight, SD, 1985)	0.27
" These results indicate that photomirex was approximately five times more toxic than mirex in terms of liver histology."	( Subchronic toxicity of photomirex in the female rat: results of 28- and 90-day feeding studies. Becking, GC; Chu, I; Secours, V; Sundaram, A; Villeneuve, DC, 1980)	0.26
" Provided the results obtained from these animal experiments can be applied to the situation in man, the inhibition of peripheral deiodination could have an adverse effect at least in the treatment of T3-thyrotoxicosis."	( Inhibition of peripheral deiodination of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine: an adverse effect of propylthiouracil in the treatment of T3-thyrotoxicosis. Heinen, E; Herrmann, J; Krüskemper, HL; Moreno, F; Mosny, D; Teschke, R, )	0.13
" We present a case of a hypothyroid patient who developed toxic blood CsA levels and acute nephrotoxicity with standard doses of CsA."	( Acute cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity in a renal allograft recipient with hypothyroidism. Lee, EJ; Leong, SO; Lye, WC; Tan, CC, 1995)	0.29
" Possible adverse effects of this therapy include cardiovascular changes (shortening of systolic time intervals, increased frequency of atrial premature beats and, possibly, left ventricular hypertrophy) and bone changes (reduced bone density and bone mass), but the risk of these adverse effects can be minimised by carefully monitoring serum free thyroxine and free liothyronine (triiodothyronine) measurements and adjusting the dosage accordingly."	( Adverse effects of thyroid hormone preparations and antithyroid drugs. Bartalena, L; Bogazzi, F; Martino, E, 1996)	0.29
" We report a case in which exogenous L-thyroxine side effect on bone in the treatment of thyroid solitary nodule disease produced bone loss in a patient with subclinical hyperparathyroidism due to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma."	( An ectopic parathyroid adenoma revealed by L-thyroxine side effect on bone. Case report. Cavallaro, A; Paggi, A; Trimarchi, CP, 1997)	0.3
"The adverse health effects of thyrotoxicosis have been carefully documented and most practitioners are familiar with the clinical consequences for the patient."	( Adverse effects of thyroid hormones. Williams, JB, 1997)	0.3
" Hydrazine has been reported to be metabolised by NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (reductase) to reactive and potentially toxic intermediates."	( The role of l-thyroxine and hepatic reductase activity in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Adams, SP; Sarich, TC; Wright, JM, 1998)	0.3
"There were no differences in the clinical laboratory values or in reported minor adverse experiences, between treatment and placebo groups."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic study with escalating doses of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy male volunteers. Davidson, M; Lardy, H; Maki, K; Marwah, A; Marwah, P; Sawchuk, RJ; Weeks, C, 2000)	0.31
"These results indicate that 3beta-acetyl-7-oxo-DHEA is safe and well tolerated in normal healthy men at doses up to 200 mg/d for 4 weeks."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic study with escalating doses of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy male volunteers. Davidson, M; Lardy, H; Maki, K; Marwah, A; Marwah, P; Sawchuk, RJ; Weeks, C, 2000)	0.31
" It is also known that various factors may significantly influence the susceptibility of animals to the toxic effects of ozone."	( Hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity in rats. Brumbaugh, K; Frazer, DG; Goldsmith, WT; Huffman, LJ; Judy, DJ; McKinney, WG; Reynolds, JS, 2001)	0.31
"To determine whether once daily administration of methimazole was as effective and safe as twice daily administration in cats with hyperthyroidism."	( Efficacy and safety of once versus twice daily administration of methimazole in cats with hyperthyroidism. Challoner, L; Hoffman, SB; Kroll, M; Rodan, I; Trepanier, LA, 2003)	0.32
" Percentages of cats with adverse effects (primarily gastrointestinal tract upset and facial pruritus) were not significantly different between groups."	( Efficacy and safety of once versus twice daily administration of methimazole in cats with hyperthyroidism. Challoner, L; Hoffman, SB; Kroll, M; Rodan, I; Trepanier, LA, 2003)	0.32
" Amphetamine was more toxic to isolated mice subjected to foot-shock than to isolated mice housed under normal conditions."	( Hyperpyrexia as a contributory factor in the toxicity of amphetamine to aggregated mice. ASKEW, BM, 1962)	0.24
"Although exposure to cyanogenic plants or cyanide during pregnancy has adverse effects, no teratological study with cyanide has been conducted in goats or any other ruminant."	( Prenatal toxicity of cyanide in goats--a model for teratological studies in ruminants. Górniak, SL; Soto-Blanco, B, 2004)	0.32
" A high thyroxine starting dose, high serum thyroxine treatment levels during the first six childhood years, and high levels at assessment had no adverse effects on outcome measures at age 20."	( Congenital hypothyroidism: no adverse effects of high dose thyroxine treatment on adult memory, attention, and behaviour. Heyerdahl, S; Kase, BF; Oerbeck, B; Sundet, K, 2005)	0.33
" No adverse effects of high dose thyroxine therapy were found on measures of memory, attention, and behaviour problems."	( Congenital hypothyroidism: no adverse effects of high dose thyroxine treatment on adult memory, attention, and behaviour. Heyerdahl, S; Kase, BF; Oerbeck, B; Sundet, K, 2005)	0.33
" L-T4 administration is a safe and beneficial treatment that can be easily monitored by the concomitant measurement of TSH and free thyroid hormone levels."	( Safety of medications and hormones used in the treatment of pediatric thyroid disorders. Beck-Peccoz, P; LaFranchi, S; Persani, L, 2004)	0.32
" Only 1 cat showed a cutaneous adverse reaction along with a marked thrombocytopenia."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of transdermal methimazole in the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Doucet, MY; Dunn, ME; Lécuyer, M; Prini, S, 2006)	0.33
" There were no adverse effects on thyroid function, but there were marked reductions in circulating cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations suggesting a centrally mediated impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis."	( Safety assessment of 4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in the beagle dog suggests a drug-induced centrally mediated effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Colagiovanni, DB; Dihel, L; Drolet, DW; Hart, K; Meyer, DJ; Wolf, J, )	0.13
" These results suggest that exposure to maternally toxic doses of iodine may have a potential developmental toxic effect."	( Developmental toxic effects of chronic exposure to high doses of iodine in the mouse. Guo, HL; Hao, LP; Hou, XH; Liu, LG; Sun, XF; Xu, J; Yang, XF; Yao, P, 2006)	0.33
"For patients with TOA, orbital decompression seems to be an effective and safe treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of orbital decompression in treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: long-term follow-up of 78 patients. Jernfors, M; Laitinen, K; Malmberg, H; Pitkäranta, A; Setälä, K; Välimäki, MJ, 2007)	0.34
" Phenobarbital, Aroclor 1254 and beta-naphthoflavone (indirect toxic mechanism) enhanced thyroidal radioiodide accumulation, and the administration of potassium perchlorate had no effect on thyroid: blood (125)I ratio."	( Standardization of the perchlorate discharge assay for thyroid toxicity testing in rats. Coelho-Palermo Cunha, G; van Ravenzwaay, B, 2007)	0.34
" Recent studies, indicating that even small changes in the mother's thyroid hormone status early in pregnancy may cause adverse effects on her child, have lead to increased concern for thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in the environment."	( Developmental neurotoxicity of propylthiouracil (PTU) in rats: relationship between transient hypothyroxinemia during development and long-lasting behavioural and functional changes. Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Bonnichsen, M; Hansen, PR; Hass, U; Hougaard, KS; Lund, SP; Nellemann, C, 2008)	0.35
" Based on recent criteria for pediatric populations, patients were considered "at risk for adverse health outcome" if they met at least 1 of the following criteria: (1) > or = 85th BMI percentile plus presence of 1 or more negative weight-related clinical outcomes, or (2) > or = 95th BMI percentile."	( Metabolic and hormonal side effects in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics. Arango, C; Cifuentes, A; Fraguas, D; Giráldez, M; Laita, P; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, D; Parellada, M; Ruiz-Sancho, A, 2008)	0.35
" The number of patients at risk for adverse health outcome increased from 11 (16."	( Metabolic and hormonal side effects in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics. Arango, C; Cifuentes, A; Fraguas, D; Giráldez, M; Laita, P; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, D; Parellada, M; Ruiz-Sancho, A, 2008)	0.35
" Cutaneous adverse effects of topical methimazole were determined."	( Safety of topical methimazole for the treatment of melasma. Transdermal absorption, the effect on thyroid function and cutaneous adverse effects. Eshraghian, A; Handjani, F; Kasraee, B; Nikbakhsh, M; Omrani, GR; Parhizgar, A; Safaee Ardekani, GH; Samani, M; Saurat, JH; Sorg, O; Tanideh, N, 2008)	0.35
"Hypothyroidism has an adverse effect on human spermatogenesis."	( Hypothyroidism has an adverse effect on human spermatogenesis: a prospective, controlled study. Krassas, GE; Papadopoulou, F; Pontikides, N; Tziomalos, K; Zeginiadou, T, 2008)	0.35
"There were no noteworthy changes in vital signs, physical examinations, clinical chemistry, hematology, or urinalysis values and no electrocardiogram changes to suggest adverse cardiac effects."	( Safety and subjective sleep effects of ramelteon administration in adults and older adults with chronic primary insomnia: a 1-year, open-label study. Richardson, GS; Wang-Weigand, S; Zammit, G; Zhang, J, 2009)	0.35
" Twenty-one adverse reactions possibly (20) or probably (1) related to treatment were reported."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of carbimazole in cats with hyperthyroidism. Burgaud, S; Frénais, R; Horspool, LJ; Rosenberg, D, 2009)	0.35
"Despite clinical practice guidelines for the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), there are no recommendations on the optimal serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration to reduce tumor recurrences and improve survival, while ensuring an optimal quality of life with minimal adverse effects."	( Benefits of thyrotropin suppression versus the risks of adverse effects in differentiated thyroid cancer. Biondi, B; Cooper, DS, 2010)	0.36
" A stratified approach to predict the risk from the adverse effects of L-T4 was devised, taking into account the age of the patient, as well as the presence of preexisting cardiovascular and skeletal risk factors that might predispose to the development of long-term adverse cardiovascular or skeletal outcomes, particularly increased heart rate and left ventricular mass, atrial fibrillation, and osteoporosis."	( Benefits of thyrotropin suppression versus the risks of adverse effects in differentiated thyroid cancer. Biondi, B; Cooper, DS, 2010)	0.36
"Before deciding on the degree of TSH suppression during initial and long-term L-T4 treatment in patients with DTC, it is necessary to consider the aggressiveness of DTC, as well as the potential for adverse effects induced by iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism."	( Benefits of thyrotropin suppression versus the risks of adverse effects in differentiated thyroid cancer. Biondi, B; Cooper, DS, 2010)	0.36
" The survey provided an opportunity to collect clinical observations of adverse events or product availability problems from physicians caring for patients with thyroid disease who required use of contemporary LT4 preparations."	( Adverse event reporting in patients treated with levothyroxine: results of the pharmacovigilance task force survey of the american thyroid association, american association of clinical endocrinologists, and the endocrine society. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, AO, )	0.13
"After adjustment for known reasons for unstable results from thyroid function tests, 199 reports of adverse events associated with changes in thyrotropin values were further analyzed."	( Adverse event reporting in patients treated with levothyroxine: results of the pharmacovigilance task force survey of the american thyroid association, american association of clinical endocrinologists, and the endocrine society. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, AO, )	0.13
"The clinical use of contemporary LT4 products continues to be associated with some adverse outcomes."	( Adverse event reporting in patients treated with levothyroxine: results of the pharmacovigilance task force survey of the american thyroid association, american association of clinical endocrinologists, and the endocrine society. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, AO, )	0.13
"To compare the therapeutic effect and side effect of the treatments on hyperthyroid exophthalmos with the combination of acupuncture and medication and with medication only."	( [Therapeutic effect and side effect of treatment on hyperthyroid exophthalmos with the combination of acupuncture and medication]. He, JS; Li, Y; Liu, SM; Shu, S; Xia, Y, 2010)	0.36
" Amiodarone has many adverse effects, and one of them is thyroid dysfunction."	( Amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism and other adverse effects. Mosher, MC, )	0.13
"Once daily transdermal administration of a novel lipophilic formulation of methimazole is as safe and effective as oral carbimazole in treating hyperthyroidism in cats."	( The efficacy and safety of a novel lipophilic formulation of methimazole for the once daily transdermal treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism. Bridges, J; Chambers, P; Gieseg, MA; Hill, KE; Kingsbury, D; Lopez-Villalobos, N, )	0.13
"In this 12-week trial, once daily application of a novel formulation of transdermal methimazole applied to the pinnae was as effective and safe as twice daily oral carbimazole in the treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism."	( The efficacy and safety of a novel lipophilic formulation of methimazole for the once daily transdermal treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism. Bridges, J; Chambers, P; Gieseg, MA; Hill, KE; Kingsbury, D; Lopez-Villalobos, N, )	0.13
" Clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with CTCL requires careful monitoring to allow safe administration of bexarotene at the optimal dose."	( U.K. consensus statement on safe clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Azurdia, R; Cowan, R; Eagle, M; Gallop-Evans, E; Graham-Brown, R; Illidge, T; Morris, S; Parry, E; Scarisbrick, JJ; Soran, H; Wachsmuth, R; Wain, EM; Whittaker, S; Wierzbicki, AS, 2013)	0.39
"The duration of time required for normalization of serum free T4 on initial treatment and the incidence of adverse effects for 1 year after the start of MMI were compared."	( Higher dose of methimazole causes frequent adverse effects in the management of Graves' disease in children and adolescents. Inomata, H; Kazukawa, I; Kohno, Y; Konda, S; Minagawa, M; Minamitani, K; Sanayama, K; Sasaki, N; Sato, H; Sugihara, S; Wataki, K, 2012)	0.38
" No major adverse reactions were observed."	( Higher dose of methimazole causes frequent adverse effects in the management of Graves' disease in children and adolescents. Inomata, H; Kazukawa, I; Kohno, Y; Konda, S; Minagawa, M; Minamitani, K; Sanayama, K; Sasaki, N; Sato, H; Sugihara, S; Wataki, K, 2012)	0.38
"Recent work has demonstrated the importance of post-transcriptional gene regulation in toxic responses."	( Decreased translation of Dio3 mRNA is associated with drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Darras, VM; Dudek, KM; Gant, TW; Marczylo, EL; Suter, L, 2013)	0.39
" Central hypothyroidism is a well-recognized side effect of bexarotene."	( Thyroid dysfunction as an unintended side effect of anticancer drugs. Appetecchia, M; Baldelli, R; Barnabei, A; Corsello, SM; Paragliola, R; Torino, F, 2013)	0.39
"Methimazole (MMI) is usually used at an initial dose of 30 mg/day for severe Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism, but adverse effects are more frequent at this dose than at MMI 15 mg/day."	( Comparison of efficacy and adverse effects between methimazole 15 mg+inorganic iodine 38 mg/day and methimazole 30 mg/day as initial therapy for Graves' disease patients with moderate to severe hyperthyroidism. Ito, K; Kunii, Y; Matsumoto, M; Mukasa, K; Nagataki, S; Noh, JY; Sato, S; Sugino, K; Suzuki, M; Taniyama, M; Yasuda, S, 2015)	0.42
" MMI 30 mg/day (M30)) in terms of therapeutic effect, adverse effects, and remission rate."	( Comparison of efficacy and adverse effects between methimazole 15 mg+inorganic iodine 38 mg/day and methimazole 30 mg/day as initial therapy for Graves' disease patients with moderate to severe hyperthyroidism. Ito, K; Kunii, Y; Matsumoto, M; Mukasa, K; Nagataki, S; Noh, JY; Sato, S; Sugino, K; Suzuki, M; Taniyama, M; Yasuda, S, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse effects that required discontinuation of MMI were more frequent in the M30-treated than in the M15+I-treated group (14."	( Comparison of efficacy and adverse effects between methimazole 15 mg+inorganic iodine 38 mg/day and methimazole 30 mg/day as initial therapy for Graves' disease patients with moderate to severe hyperthyroidism. Ito, K; Kunii, Y; Matsumoto, M; Mukasa, K; Nagataki, S; Noh, JY; Sato, S; Sugino, K; Suzuki, M; Taniyama, M; Yasuda, S, 2015)	0.42
" Furthermore, the presence of NSO with CPF alleviates its toxic effects."	( Protective role of Nigella sativa oil against reproductive toxicity, hormonal alterations, and oxidative damage induced by chlorpyrifos in male rats. Mantovani, A; Maranghi, F; Mosbah, R; Yousef, MI, 2016)	0.43
"We investigated optimal and safe ranges of iodine intake during early pregnancy in an iodine-sufficient region of China."	( Optimal and safe upper limits of iodine intake for early pregnancy in iodine-sufficient regions: a cross-sectional study of 7190 pregnant women in China. Du, J; Fan, C; Gao, Z; Han, C; Li, C; Mao, J; Meng, T; Shan, Z; Shi, X; Teng, W; Wang, W; Xie, X; Xu, B; Zhang, S; Zhang, X, 2015)	0.42
" This is a significant limitation because sustained changes in blood pressure are often accompanied by changes in heart rate and together can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial degeneration in animals, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in humans."	( Natriuretic Peptides as Cardiovascular Safety Biomarkers in Rats: Comparison With Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Heart Weight. Engle, SK; Watson, DE, 2016)	0.43
" No adverse cardiovascular event was reported."	( Quality of life, clinical outcomes and safety of early prophylactic levothyroxine administration in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism undergoing radioiodine therapy: a randomized controlled study. Abdullah, AE; Archange, C; Baumstarck, K; Benisvy, D; Bournaud, C; Caron, P; Catargi, B; Cavarec, MB; Eberle, MC; Faugeron, I; Mundler, O; Schvartz, C; Taïeb, D; Toubert, ME, 2016)	0.43
"Early LT4 administration post-radioactive iodine (RAI) could represent a safe potential benefit for patients with regard to QoL."	( Quality of life, clinical outcomes and safety of early prophylactic levothyroxine administration in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism undergoing radioiodine therapy: a randomized controlled study. Abdullah, AE; Archange, C; Baumstarck, K; Benisvy, D; Bournaud, C; Caron, P; Catargi, B; Cavarec, MB; Eberle, MC; Faugeron, I; Mundler, O; Schvartz, C; Taïeb, D; Toubert, ME, 2016)	0.43
"Thyroid hormone extract is used for the treatment of thyroid disorders, but limited data exist on adverse events commonly noted by the physicians associated with this use."	( ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, A; Shrestha, RT, 2017)	0.46
" Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s reported adverse events for levothyroxine that would effectively assess the clinical experience of frequent prescribers of thyroid hormone."	( ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, A; Shrestha, RT, 2017)	0.46
"A total of 174 reports of adverse events occurring in patients on thyroid hormone extract were received."	( ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, A; Shrestha, RT, 2017)	0.46
"These adverse event reports should stimulate consideration by the FDA to regulate and monitor thyroid hormone extract use and consider standardizing these extracts to meet current standards of manufacture, hormone content, availability, and shelf-life, like the rigor with which preparations such as levothyroxine are monitored."	( ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, A; Shrestha, RT, 2017)	0.46
"AE = adverse event ATA = American Thyroid Association FDA = Food and Drug Administration LT3 = liothyronine LT4 = levothyroxine PTF = Pharmacovigilance Task Force T3 = triiodothyronine TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone."	( ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONE EXTRACT. Haugen, BR; Hennessey, JV; Levy, EG; Malabanan, A; Shrestha, RT, 2017)	0.46
"Patient-reported outcomes associated with adverse events (AEs) reported with generics have not been evaluated."	( Patient-relevant outcomes associated with generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: a pilot study. Iyer, G; Marimuthu, SP; Segal, JB; Singh, S, 2017)	0.46
"We mapped 381 AEs from 148 case reports of generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine to the physical, mental and social domain of the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System after reviewing 1237 case reports in the US FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS; 2011-2013)."	( Patient-relevant outcomes associated with generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: a pilot study. Iyer, G; Marimuthu, SP; Segal, JB; Singh, S, 2017)	0.46
" This study aimed to evaluate whether thyroid hormones predicts early (30 days) and mid-term (12 months) aorta-related adverse events (ARAE) and readmissions (ARAR) in patients after TEVAR."	( Association of Thyroid Function with Early/Mid-term Aorta-Related Adverse Events and Readmissions after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. Chen, X; He, Z; Lu, N; Ma, X; Tan, X; Xu, T, 2017)	0.46
"The optimal levothyroxine (LT4) dose to treat congenital hypothyroidism (CH) remains unclear, with debate over whether higher starting doses (>10 µg/kg) are necessary and safe for a normal intelligence quotient (IQ)."	( Mean High-Dose l-Thyroxine Treatment Is Efficient and Safe to Achieve a Normal IQ in Young Adult Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Aleksander, PE; Blankenstein, O; Brückner-Spieler, M; Craig, ME; Ernert, A; Grüters, A; Krude, H; Kühnen, P; Lankes, E; Schnabel, D; Stäblein, W; Stoehr, AM, 2018)	0.48
"Since patients may report spontaneously adverse events associated with their medications, such notifications are constantly on the rise."	( Spontaneous adverse event notifications by patients subsequent to the marketing of a new formulation of Levothyrox Berriri, S; Drici, MD; Parassol-Girard, N; Rocher, F; Romani, S; Van Obberghen, E; Viard, D, 2019)	0.51
" This study summarized adverse event management in this trial."	( Management of anlotinib-related adverse events in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Experiences in ALTER-0303. Chen, W; Cheng, Y; Han, B; Jin, F; Li, K; Luo, Y; Nan, K; Shi, J; Shi, Y; Si, X; Wang, H; Wang, M; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2019)	0.51
"Anlotinb-related adverse events could be controlled by patient education, prophylactic measures, early and active intervention, and dose modification."	( Management of anlotinib-related adverse events in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Experiences in ALTER-0303. Chen, W; Cheng, Y; Han, B; Jin, F; Li, K; Luo, Y; Nan, K; Shi, J; Shi, Y; Si, X; Wang, H; Wang, M; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2019)	0.51
" Therefore, it is necessary to assess the toxic effects of those kind of industrial chemicals during liver development."	( Establishment of a human embryonic stem cell-based liver differentiation model for hepatotoxicity evaluations. Faiola, F; Liang, S; Yin, N, 2019)	0.51
"Blocking the PD-1 pathway induces immune-related adverse events (irAEs) which often involve the thyroid gland (thyroid irAEs)."	( Incidence, features, and prognosis of immune-related adverse events involving the thyroid gland induced by nivolumab. Fujii, T; Hishizawa, M; Inagaki, N; Kawaguchi-Sakita, N; Kim, YH; Kitamura, M; Kitawaki, T; Matsumoto, S; Nomura, M; Otsuka, A; Saito, R; Sakamori, Y; Sone, M; Taura, D; Yamasaki, T; Yamauchi, I; Yasoda, A, 2019)	0.51
" The outcome measures included the incidence of adverse events (AEs, in particular, neoplasia, glucose intolerance and hypothyroidism), as well as height standard deviation score (Ht SDS) and annual height velocity."	( Long-term safety and effectiveness of growth hormone therapy in Korean children with growth disorders: 5-year results of LG Growth Study. Chae, HW; Choi, JH; Chung, S; Hwang, IT; Kim, EY; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Rhie, YJ; Shin, CH; Yoo, JH, 2019)	0.51
"The adverse effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on aquatic systems have attracted much attention because TPT is widely used and prevalent in aquatic environments."	( Thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity caused by triphenyltin (TPT) in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Chen, D; Li, Y; Ni, Z; Ru, H; Wu, L; Xiao, Z; Yao, F; Zhong, L, 2020)	0.56
" PBDE-47 exhibited the most disruption of hepatocellular toxic endpoints, with the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway transcripts upregulated to the greatest extent, although some activation of this pathway also occurred after decaBDE, HBCD, TBB, and HCBCO exposure."	( Comparative toxicity and liver transcriptomics of legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants following 5-day exposure in the rat. Cheng, E; Collins, BJ; Cora, MC; Dunnick, JK; Harbo, S; Jackson-Humbles, D; Machesky, N; Malarkey, DE; Mutlu, E; Patton, K; Richey, J; Robinson, VG; Shockley, KR; Sparrow, B; Vallant, M; Waidyanatha, S; Zmarowski, A, 2020)	0.56
" Despite previously established purity and bioequivalence of the new and old formulations, reports of adverse events substantially increased following reformulation."	( Comparison of Safety Profiles of the New and Old Formulations of Levothyroxine in a First Global Introduction in France. Castello-Bridoux, C; Channaiah, B; Hildemann, S; Lehnert, H; Martiniere, K; Wémeau, JL, 2021)	0.62
" Rates of reports and adverse events were calculated for the overall patient population and for at-risk subgroups."	( Comparison of Safety Profiles of the New and Old Formulations of Levothyroxine in a First Global Introduction in France. Castello-Bridoux, C; Channaiah, B; Hildemann, S; Lehnert, H; Martiniere, K; Wémeau, JL, 2021)	0.62
"MP group than the TG group experienced adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of tripterygium glycosides for active moderate to severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: a randomised, observer-masked, single-centre trial. Liu, J; Lu, B; Shao, J; Wang, J; Ye, X; Zhao, H, 2021)	0.62
" Main outcome measures effective rate and New York Heart Association classification; Secondary outcome measures included: left ventricular ejection fraction, quality of life score, brain natriuretic peptide / N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, 6-minute walk test, and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of thyroxine therapy on patients with heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Kan, Z; Li, W; Liu, Y; Peng, M; Shi, H; Yang, T, 2021)	0.62
" Hypothyroidism is an uncommon side effect of pomalidomide."	( Hyponatraemia due to hypothyroidism: a rare side effect from pomalidomide. Qureshi, A; Rhee, JH, 2021)	0.62
" Regarding safety, adverse events were observed in 12/13 patients, but none discontinued treatment."	( Preoperative and long-term efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel in patients with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 3 study in Japan. Arima, H; Fujio, S; Matsushita, Y; Nakamura, A; Nishioka, H; Satoh, F; Shimatsu, A; Tahara, S; Takahashi, Y; Takano, K; Tateishi, S; Tominaga, A; Yamashita, M, 2021)	0.62
" Furthermore, NDAT was safe and tolerable in mice treated with high doses."	( Nano Diaminopropane tetrac and integrin αvβ3 expression in different cancer types: Anti-cancer efficacy and Safety. Davis, PJ; Godugu, K; Mousa, SA; Sudha, T, 2021)	0.62
" However, ICIs may also cause severe immune-related adverse events in the recipient patients."	( [Cardiotoxicity of Anti-PD-L1 Antibody and the Effect of Levothyroxine  in Attenuating the Related Mortality in Mice]. Chen, Z; Gao, S; Guo, H; Wang, G; Wang, M; Zhou, G, 2021)	0.62
"【中文题目：抗PD-L1抗体的心脏毒性及甲状腺素 的救治作用实验研究】【中文摘要：背景与目的免疫检查点抑制剂在肿瘤治疗中表现出了显著的疗效，但也可能会引起免疫相关的不良反应（immune-related adverse events, irAEs）。近来国际上报道了数百例免疫检查点抑制剂相关心肌炎，患者死亡率达50%。本研究目的是在动物水平重现临床情况，通过多次静脉注射抗程序性细胞死亡受体1（programmed cell death 1, PD-1）抗体、抗程序性细胞死亡受体配体1（programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1）抗体，观察药物对正常小鼠所产生的心脏毒性，并探讨L-甲状腺素的保护作用。方法通过尾静脉向6周龄-8周龄的C57BL/6小鼠分别注射抗PD-1抗体（剂量为12."	( [Cardiotoxicity of Anti-PD-L1 Antibody and the Effect of Levothyroxine  in Attenuating the Related Mortality in Mice]. Chen, Z; Gao, S; Guo, H; Wang, G; Wang, M; Zhou, G, 2021)	0.62
" Six studies compared thyrotropin levels and adverse events between generic and brand users and provided mixed findings."	( Real world evidence in effectiveness, safety, and cost savings of generic levothyroxine: a systematic review. Qian, J; Tanni, KA, 2021)	0.62
" Therefore, it may be concluded that the Barg-e-Sahajna is preliminarily safe and effective in the management of primary hypothyroidism."	( Efficacy and safety of Barg-e-Sahajna ( Alam, MA; Haider, N; Quamri, MA, 2021)	0.62
" Five percent and lower concentration PI irrigation was safe and could not cause thyroid, kidney and liver damage."	( The Toxicity and Antibacterial Effects of Povidone-Iodine Irrigation in Fracture Surgery. Huang, X; Lv, W; Wang, D; Zhou, J, 2022)	0.72
"Termination of LRT at around the time of discharge from NICU in well, clinically stable ELBWIs who have delayed hyperthyrotropinemia appears to be safe and feasible and avoids the risk of overtreatment."	( Early Discontinuation of Levothyroxine Treatment Is Safe and Feasible in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants with Delayed Hyperthyrotropinemia. Ahn, SY; Chang, YS; Kim, JS; Park, WS; Sung, SI; Yang, MS, 2023)	0.91
" The histological examination indicates that the low concentrations of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles are safe for desired biomedical applications."	( Histological, haematological, and thyroid hormones toxicity of female rats orally exposed to CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles synthesized by Ar plasma jets. Aadim, KA; Ahmed, KA; Mohammed, RS, 2023)	0.91
" Toxic effects were examined during zebrafish embryonic development, and the parameters analyzed were apical sublethal, teratogenicity, mortality endpoints, and morphometry."	( Single and joint toxic effects of thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, and amiodarone on embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cadena, MRS; Cadena, PG; da Silva Bastos, PE; da Silva, JF; da Silva, MCG; de Andrade, ALC; de Medeiros Vieira, SM; Dos Santos Magnabosco, AR; Padilha, RMO; Santos, TP, 2023)	0.91
"To evaluate the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of immune-related adverse events (e-irAE) of checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)."	( Endocrine immune-related adverse events in patients with metastatic renal and urothelial cancer treated with immune checkpoint-inhibitors. Burger, M; Büttner, R; Oppolzer, IA; Riester, J; Schnabel, MJ, 2023)	0.91
"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used for various malignancies, although they frequently cause immune-related adverse events involving the thyroid gland (thyroid irAEs)."	( Prediction-based prompt levothyroxine replacement to prevent a hypothyroid state after immune-related adverse events involving the thyroid gland. Fujii, T; Fujita, H; Hakata, T; Harada, N; Inagaki, N; Kosugi, D; Okamoto, K; Sugawa, T; Taura, D; Ueda, Y; Yamauchi, I, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Twelve mature (5 sexually intact males, 4 castrated males, and 3 females) mixed-breed dogs were surgically thyroidectomized. No evidence was found for the importance of initial plasma levels of thyroxine or triiodothyronine on pharmacokinetic parameters of thiamazole.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Plasma creatinine (Cr), urea, T4, blood volume, and ANF were measured; ANF half-life (ANF t1/2; expressed in seconds) was calculated."	( Impaired atrial natriuretic factor systemic clearance contributes to its higher levels in uremia. Franco, M; Herrera-Acosta, J; Morales, G; Paniagua, R; Rodriguez, E; Sanchez, G, 1992)	0.28
" The estimated pharmacokinetic values of antipyrine (AP) in EP-infected goats were similar to those in the goats when healthy."	( Effects of Ehrlichia phagocytophila infection on serum thyroid hormone concentrations and on antipyrine clearance and metabolite formation in dwarf goats. Nijmeijer, SM; Offiah, VN; van Duin, CT; van Miert, AS; Witkamp, RF, 1992)	0.28
"Some pharmacokinetic interactions between digoxin and amiodarone were studied in experiments on rabbits."	( Effects of amiodarone on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of digoxin in laboratory animals. Kristeva, E; Staneva-Stoytcheva, D, 1992)	0.28
"Some pharmacokinetic interactions between digoxin and amiodarone were studied in experiments on rabbits."	( Effects of amiodarone on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of digoxin in laboratory animals. Kristeva, E; Staneva-Stoytcheva, D, 1991)	0.28
" In six patients with hyperthyroidism and six patients with hypothyroidism, constant TRH infusions were carried out for determination of plasma clearance rate (PCR) and half-life of disappearance (t1/2) of TRH, with simultaneous determination of half-life of disappearance in serum in vitro (t1/2p)."	( Pharmacokinetics of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in patients in different thyroid states. Iversen, E, 1991)	0.28
" No evidence was found for the importance of initial plasma levels of thyroxine or triiodothyronine on pharmacokinetic parameters of thiamazole."	( Pharmacokinetic parameters of thiamazole in hyperthyroid patients responding rapidly and slowly to the treatment. Czekalski, S; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Syrenicz, A; Wójcicki, J, )	0.13
"The performed studies covered 48 subjects, inhabiting the Western Pomerania, therein 40 patients with hyperthyroidism in the course of Graves-Basedow's disease (32 females and 8 males, aged 21-64 years) as well as 8 healthy individuals (5 females and 3 males, aged 23-36 years, with negative anamnesis towards thyroid diseases), who made up the control group at determining the pharmacokinetic parameters after a single oral dose containing 60 mg of thiamazole."	( [Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels after a single dose and after 2-month-long thiamazole treatment of Graves' disease with reference to drug's pharmacokinetics]. Syrenicz, A, 1990)	0.28
" Analysis of data by a multiple parameter deconvolution method demonstrated a normal 24-h endogenous cortisol production rate in the presence of significantly prolonged subject-specific half-life of cortisol disappearance (155 vs."	( Dynamics of 24-hour endogenous cortisol secretion and clearance in primary hypothyroidism assessed before and after partial thyroid hormone replacement. Iranmanesh, A; Johnson, ML; Lizarralde, G; Veldhuis, JD, 1990)	0.28
" Experiments on thyroidectomized and T4 substituted rats have demonstrated as an additional pharmacodynamic effect of Lith."	( Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. Pharmacodynamic effects of lithospermum officinale on the thyroid gland of rats; comparison with the effects of iodide. Kemper, FH; Sourgens, H; Winterhoff, H, 1983)	0.27
" The aims of the study were to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and the hormonal effects of the slow-release formulation of the somatostatin analogue (SR-L) in normal male volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a long-acting formulation of the new somatostatin analogue, lanreotide, in normal healthy volunteers. De Ronzan, J; Kuhn, JM; Legrand, A; Obach, R; Ruiz, JM; Thomas, F, 1994)	0.29
" Blood and urine samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected over a 24-hour period."	( Pharmacokinetics and short-term clinicopathologic changes after intravenous administration of a high dose of methimazole in dogs. Elfarra, AA; Hutson, PR; Panciera, DL; Vail, DM, 1994)	0.29
"Twelve mature (5 sexually intact males, 4 castrated males, and 3 females) mixed-breed dogs were surgically thyroidectomized and used in a Latin-square design pharmacokinetic study of orally administered L-thyroxine."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-thyroxine after its oral administration in dogs. Hauptman, J; Nachreiner, RF; Pedersoli, WM; Ravis, WR; Refsal, KR; Rosser, EJ, 1993)	0.29
"To examine the pharmacokinetic profile of propranolol in cats before and during experimentally induced hyperthyroidism."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy cats during euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. Calvert, C; Ferguson, D; Jacobs, G; Sams, R; Whittem, T, 1997)	0.3
"01) and elimination half-life (4."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TRH during pregnancy. Bajoria, R; Fisk, NM; Oteng-Ntim, E; Peek, MJ, 1997)	0.3
"The peak plasma concentration and elimination half-life of TRH are reduced during pregnancy because of the increased volume of distribution and rapid clearance."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TRH during pregnancy. Bajoria, R; Fisk, NM; Oteng-Ntim, E; Peek, MJ, 1997)	0.3
" After intravenous administration of L-T4, a serum half-life of 11."	( Pharmacokinetics of total thyroxine in dogs after administration of an oral solution of levothyroxine sodium. Burgaud, S; Horspool, LJ; Le Traon, G, 2008)	0.35
" We also discuss the different pharmacodynamic effects that iopanoic acid has on FT(3) and FT(4) levels."	( Pharmacodynamic effect of iopanoic acid on free T(3) and T(4) levels in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Falciglia, M; Matrka, L; Nikiforov, Y; Steward, D, 2008)	0.35
" We investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of levothyroxine during pregnancy through the use of a novel, traceable form of levothyroxine."	( Longitudinal comparison of thyroxine pharmacokinetics between pregnant and nonpregnant women: a stable isotope study. Landy, HJ; Soldin, OP; Soldin, SJ; Vinks, AA; Younis, I, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of LT4 in severely obese individuals and compared them with similar data in lean control subjects."	( Impaired pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine in severely obese volunteers. Faltaka, A; Gkotsina, MI; Kalfarentzos, F; Mamali, I; Markantes, GK; Markou, KB; Michalaki, MA; Vagenakis, AG, 2011)	0.37
"Severely obese individuals may need higher LT4 suppressive or replacement doses than normal-weight individuals due, among other factors, to impaired LT4 pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Impaired pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine in severely obese volunteers. Faltaka, A; Gkotsina, MI; Kalfarentzos, F; Mamali, I; Markantes, GK; Markou, KB; Michalaki, MA; Vagenakis, AG, 2011)	0.37
"To assess the pharmacokinetic equivalence of a new soft capsule formulation of levothyroxine versus a marketed reference product and to assess the soft capsule formulated with stricter potency guidelines versus the capsule before the implementation of the new potency rule."	( Pharmacokinetic equivalence of a levothyroxine sodium soft capsule manufactured using the new food and drug administration potency guidelines in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Colucci, P; D'Angelo, P; Ducharme, MP; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C, 2011)	0.37
"Two single-dose randomized two-way crossover pharmacokinetic equivalence studies and one dosage form proportionality single-dose study comparing low, medium, and high strengths of the new formulation."	( Pharmacokinetic equivalence of a levothyroxine sodium soft capsule manufactured using the new food and drug administration potency guidelines in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Colucci, P; D'Angelo, P; Ducharme, MP; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C, 2011)	0.37
" The first pharmacokinetic equivalence study compared the levothyroxine sodium soft capsule formulation (Tirosint) with the reference Synthroid tablets and the two products were considered bioequivalent."	( Pharmacokinetic equivalence of a levothyroxine sodium soft capsule manufactured using the new food and drug administration potency guidelines in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Colucci, P; D'Angelo, P; Ducharme, MP; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C, 2011)	0.37
" The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of bariatric surgery on LT4 pharmacokinetic parameters, and to identify the regions of the gastrointestinal tract where LT4 is absorbed in patients with severe obesity before and after surgery."	( Improved levothyroxine pharmacokinetics after bariatric surgery. Gkotsina, M; Kalfarentzos, F; Mamali, I; Markantes, G; Markou, KB; Michalaki, M; Sakellaropoulos, GC; Vagenakis, AG, 2013)	0.39
" We estimated the pharmacokinetic parameters of LT4 before and after surgery, including the area under the curve (AUC), the peak thyroxine concentration (Cmax), and the time to peak thyroxine concentration (Tmax)."	( Improved levothyroxine pharmacokinetics after bariatric surgery. Gkotsina, M; Kalfarentzos, F; Mamali, I; Markantes, G; Markou, KB; Michalaki, M; Sakellaropoulos, GC; Vagenakis, AG, 2013)	0.39
"01), whereas the values of Cmax and Tmax were similar to those before surgery."	( Improved levothyroxine pharmacokinetics after bariatric surgery. Gkotsina, M; Kalfarentzos, F; Mamali, I; Markantes, G; Markou, KB; Michalaki, M; Sakellaropoulos, GC; Vagenakis, AG, 2013)	0.39
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of LT4 absorption are improved following SG and BPD-LL types of bariatric procedures."	( Improved levothyroxine pharmacokinetics after bariatric surgery. Gkotsina, M; Kalfarentzos, F; Mamali, I; Markantes, G; Markou, KB; Michalaki, M; Sakellaropoulos, GC; Vagenakis, AG, 2013)	0.39
" Samples were collected before dosing and until 48-72 h post-dose to calculate noncompartmental baseline-adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters: maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, and area-under-the-concentration-time-curve from 0 to 48 h and from 0 to 2 h."	( Pharmacokinetics and potential advantages of a new oral solution of levothyroxine vs. other available dosage forms. Ducharme, MP; Scarsi, C; Yue, CS, 2012)	0.38
"Before dosing for pharmacokinetic evaluation, mean tT4 concentration was 23 ± 9 nmol/L."	( Pharmacokinetics of total thyroxine after repeated oral administration of levothyroxine solution and its clinical efficacy in hypothyroid dogs. Burgaud, S; Horspool, LJ; Kooistra, HS; Le Traon, G; van de Meulengraaf, BD; van Dijl, IC, )	0.13
" Baseline-adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: Cmax (maximal concentration), Tmax (time to Cmax), AUC0-t (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to the last detectable concentration), AUC0-6 and AUC0-12 (areas under the curve from 0 to 6 and 12 hours, respectively)."	( When Bioequivalence in Healthy Volunteers May not Translate to Bioequivalence in Patients: Differential Effects of Increased Gastric pH on the Pharmacokinetics of Levothyroxine Capsules and Tablets. Benvenga, S; Ducharme, MP; Loprete, L; Scarsi, C; Seng Yue, C, 2015)	0.42
" No statistically significant differences in Tmax were found."	( When Bioequivalence in Healthy Volunteers May not Translate to Bioequivalence in Patients: Differential Effects of Increased Gastric pH on the Pharmacokinetics of Levothyroxine Capsules and Tablets. Benvenga, S; Ducharme, MP; Loprete, L; Scarsi, C; Seng Yue, C, 2015)	0.42
" Comparison of the three strengths of soft capsules indicated pharmacokinetic equivalence between them (ratios and 90% CIs were contained within 80."	( Levothyroxine soft capsules demonstrate bioequivalent pharmacokinetic exposure with the European reference tablets in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Al-Numani, D; Ducharme, MP; Scarsi, C, 2016)	0.43
" The former can be determined through in vitro assays, and the latter is influenced by pharmacokinetic properties, along with environmental exposure levels."	( Estimating Margin of Exposure to Thyroid Peroxidase Inhibitors Using High-Throughput in vitro Data, High-Throughput Exposure Modeling, and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling. El-Masri, H; Gilbert, M; Isaacs, K; Leonard, JA; Tan, YM, 2016)	0.43
"The development of (radio)pharmaceuticals with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles is crucial for allowing the optimization of the imaging or therapeutic potential and the minimization of undesired side effects."	( Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Characterization of Plasma Protein-Binding Ligands: Potential Tools for Modulation of the Pharmacokinetic Properties of (Radio)Pharmaceuticals. Benešová, M; Borgna, F; Farkas, R; Müller, C; Schibli, R; Schmid, RM, 2017)	0.46

Compound-Compound Interactions

In patients with euthyroid goitre, the efficacy of treatment with 400 micrograms iodine and 100 micro gram levothyroxine was compared to that of the previous standard of therapy. SIBO-positive patients in the clinical hypothyroidism group during pregnancy (n=112) were treated with probiotics combined with prebiotics based on conventional lev Timothyroxine sodium tablets treatment.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"We have carried out a prospective study to investigate whether orbital radiotherapy combined with high dose systemic glucocorticoids is more effective than orbital radiotherapy alone for Graves' ophthalmopathy."	( Orbital radiotherapy combined with high dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than radiotherapy alone: results of a prospective randomized study. Bartalena, L; Bogazzi, F; Bruno-Bossio, G; Lepri, A; Marcocci, C; Pinchera, A, 1991)	0.28
" Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 by radioimmunoassay showed that PTU alone and in combination with Li lowered serum T4, while a high level of T4 by its supplement was suppressed by co-administration of Li."	( Effect of lithium carbonate administration singly or in combination with some psychotropic drugs on the radioiodide uptake by mouse thyroid. Akamatsu, S; Kamata, N; Kawada, J; Kurata, M; Kuwae, T; Minakuchi, K; Nishida, M; Takasugi, M; Teraoka, K, 1989)	0.28
"In patients with euthyroid goitre, the efficacy of treatment with 400 micrograms iodine and 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodine was compared to that of the previous standard of therapy, individually dosed levothyroxine."	( [Treatment of euthyroid struma. Comparable volume reduction with 400 micrograms iodine, 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodine or individually dosed levothyroxine]. Hackel, D; Peters, H; Schleusener, H, 1997)	0.3
" Infusion of TRH alone or in combination with GH secretagogues augmented nonpulsatile TSH release 2- to 5-fold; only TRH + GHRP-2 increased pulsatile TSH secretion (4-fold)."	( Neuroendocrinology of prolonged critical illness: effects of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its combination with growth hormone secretagogues. Baxter, RC; Bouillon, R; Bowers, CY; de Zegher, F; Lauwers, P; Schetz, M; Van den Berghe, G; Van der Vorst, E; Veldhuis, JD; Verwaest, C; Wouters, P, 1998)	0.3
" This study evaluated the effect of DHEA or placebo combined with a low-fat/high-fiber diet in spontaneously obese dogs in a clinical trial."	( The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone combined with a low-fat diet in spontaneously obese dogs: a clinical trial. Kurzman, ID; MacEwen, EG; Miller, JB; Panciera, DL, 1998)	0.3
" Free T3 levels combined with concurrent TSH levels permit differentiation of mild hyperthyroidism from delayed pituitary recovery."	( Effective methimazole dose for childhood Graves' disease and use of free triiodothyronine combined with concurrent thyroid-stimulating hormone level to identify mild hyperthyroidism and delayed pituitary recovery. Boudreau, C; Slyper, AH; Wyatt, D, 2005)	0.33
"This study investigated the effect of non-ventilation of the incubator during the first 10 days of incubation and its combination with dexamethasone administration at day 16 or 18 of incubation on hatching parameters and embryo and post-hatch chick juvenile physiology."	( Non-ventilation during early incubation in combination with dexamethasone administration during late incubation: 1. Effects on physiological hormone levels, incubation duration and hatching events. Bruggeman, V; De Smit, L; Decuypere, E; Figueiredo, D; Onagbesan, O; Tona, K, 2007)	0.34
" To that purpose, we applied equilibrium dialysis (ED) in combination with isotope dilution-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-tandem MS)."	( Use of frozen sera for FT4 standardization: investigation by equilibrium dialysis combined with isotope dilution-mass spectrometry and immunoassay. Ross, HA; Stöckl, D; Thienpont, LM; Van Uytfanghe, K, 2006)	0.33
"We report a case of drug-drug interaction between ferrous sulfate and l-thyroxin."	( [Hypothyroidism as the result of drug interaction between ferrous sulfate and levothyroxine]. Chassagne, P; Fiaux, E; Kadri, K; Le Guillou, C; Levasseur, C, 2010)	0.36
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
" Based on this fact, a novel method of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet (UV)and HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the analysis of target thyroxinesin human urine samples was developed."	( Stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for analysis of thyroxine in urine samples. Chen, B; Fan, W; He, M; Hu, B; Mao, X, 2013)	0.39
" 40 cases were treated with steroids combined with levothyroxine."	( Steroids combined with levothyroxine to treat children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective single-center study. Ding, Y; Guo, QY; Liu, YF; Ren, XQ; Yang, M; Zhai, WS; Zhang, HJ; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhu, QJ, 2014)	0.4
" The included patients had at least one elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone laboratory value in the pre-period, continuous warfarin therapy for 100 days prior to levothyroxine initiation, no purchases of medications known to interact with warfarin, no procedures requiring warfarin interruption, and no bleeding or thromboembolic event during the study period."	( An evaluation of the potential drug interaction between warfarin and levothyroxine. Clark, M; Clark, N; Delate, T; Horn, JR; Witt, DM; Wood, MD, 2014)	0.4
"Several drugs may interact with levothyroxine and reduce its bioavailability."	( Drug interactions with levothyroxine therapy in patients with hypothyroidism: observational study in general practice. Benvenga, S; Bianchini, E; Cricelli, C; Cricelli, I; Ferrajolo, C; Giorgianni, F; Lapi, F; Medea, G; Parrino, F; Sultana, J; Trifirò, G, 2015)	0.42
" The first two groups were administered with distilled water and soya oil (1 ml/kg) respectively."	( Taurine ameliorated thyroid function in rats co-administered with chlorpyrifos and lead. Akande, MG; Shittu, M; Uchendu, C; Yaqub, LS, 2016)	0.43
" The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of RIT combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with goitres and to determine which ablative procedure is the most suitable for a combined therapy."	( Minimally invasive local ablative therapies in combination with radioiodine therapy in benign thyroid disease: preparation, feasibility and efficiency - preliminary results. Ahmad, S; Gröner, D; Grünwald, F; Happel, C; Korkusuz, Y; Kranert, WT; Mader, A; Mader, OM, 2017)	0.46
"Several medications may interact with levothyroxine (LT4) intestinal absorption or metabolism, thus reducing its bioavailability."	( Drug interactions in users of tablet vs. oral liquid levothyroxine formulations: a real-world evidence study in primary care. Bellia, A; Bianchini, E; Cricelli, C; Cricelli, I; Guglielmi, V; Lapi, F; Lauro, D; Medea, G; Sbraccia, P, 2018)	0.48
"We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who presented at a non-academic general hospital in the Netherlands between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014 and yielded an increased or decreased free T4 in combination with a normal TSH."	( Occurrence and management of an aberrant free T4 in combination with a normal TSH. Anten, S; Rondeel, JM; van Veggel, KM, 2018)	0.48
"34%) yielded an aberrant free T4 in combination with a normal TSH."	( Occurrence and management of an aberrant free T4 in combination with a normal TSH. Anten, S; Rondeel, JM; van Veggel, KM, 2018)	0.48
"In our study population the prevalence of hyperthyroxinemia or hypothyroxinemia in combination with a normal TSH was 334 per 10."	( Occurrence and management of an aberrant free T4 in combination with a normal TSH. Anten, S; Rondeel, JM; van Veggel, KM, 2018)	0.48
"To investigate the effects of levothyroxine combined with methimazole on the clinical efficacy of hyperthyroidism treatment."	( The effects of levothyroxine combined with methimazole on the clinical efficacy of hyperthyroidism treatment. An, Y; Hou, B; Liu, H; Sun, L; Wu, L; Zhang, M, 2022)	0.72
"To explore the effect of probiotics combined with prebiotics on clinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy combined with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth."	( Efficacy evaluation of probiotics combined with prebiotics in patients with clinical hypothyroidism complicated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ban, Y; Cai, Y; Hao, Y; Li, J; Ouyang, Q; Sun, Z; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wu, B; Xu, Y; Zhang, M, 2022)	0.72
" (2) SIBO-positive patients in the clinical hypothyroidism group during pregnancy (n=112) were treated with probiotics combined with prebiotics based on conventional levothyroxine sodium tablets treatment."	( Efficacy evaluation of probiotics combined with prebiotics in patients with clinical hypothyroidism complicated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ban, Y; Cai, Y; Hao, Y; Li, J; Ouyang, Q; Sun, Z; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wu, B; Xu, Y; Zhang, M, 2022)	0.72
" (4) After 21 days of probiotics combined with prebiotics, the incidence of pure methane positivity in the methane-hydrogen breath test in the G21 group was significantly reduced, and the average abundance of hydrogen and methane at each time point in the G21 group was lower than that in the G0 group."	( Efficacy evaluation of probiotics combined with prebiotics in patients with clinical hypothyroidism complicated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ban, Y; Cai, Y; Hao, Y; Li, J; Ouyang, Q; Sun, Z; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wu, B; Xu, Y; Zhang, M, 2022)	0.72
"Probiotics combined with prebiotics are effective in the treatment of pregnant patients with clinical hypothyroidism complicated with SIBO, providing a new idea to treat pregnant patients with clinical hypothyroidism complicated with SIBO."	( Efficacy evaluation of probiotics combined with prebiotics in patients with clinical hypothyroidism complicated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ban, Y; Cai, Y; Hao, Y; Li, J; Ouyang, Q; Sun, Z; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wu, B; Xu, Y; Zhang, M, 2022)	0.72
" The condition is more complicated when FDH is combined with primary thyroid diseases."	( Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia combined with Graves' disease: a rare case report. Chai, X; Chi, Y; Li, N; Li, Y; Lian, X; Liu, H, 2023)	0.91

Bioavailability

The relative bioavailability and therapeutic equivalence of two brands of levothyroxine sodium tablets, Levothroid and Synthroid, were compared. The serum thyroxine was used as an index of bioavai.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" While this regimen effectively blocked adrenal function, it was complicated by a drug interaction in which aminoglutethimide accelerated the metabolism and reduced the bioavailability of dexamethasone."	( Kinetic, hormonal and clinical studies with aminoglutethimide in breast cancer. Harvey, H; Kendall, J; Lipton, A; Ruby, EB; Samojlik, E; Santen, RJ; Wells, SA, 1977)	0.26
" The decrease in the DR of T4 suggests a reduction in the bioavailability of L-T4 during propranolol, possibly due to a decrease in intestinal absorption."	( Effect of propranolol on extrathyroidal metabolism of thyroxine and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine evaluated by noncompartmental kinetics. Faber, J; Friis, T; Kirkegaard, C; Lumholtz, IB; Siersbaek-Nielsen, K, 1978)	0.26
"Differences in bioavailability of many drugs from their various dosage forms have been shown to be relatively common in human medicine."	( Bioavailability and bioinequivalence of drug formulations in small animals. Watson, AD, 1992)	0.28
" Results from previous studies attempting to examine the comparative bioavailability of these formulations are difficult to interpret because of subject heterogeneity, single time-point blood sampling, varying degrees of hypothyroidism, and other factors."	( A study in normal human volunteers to compare the rate and extent of levothyroxine absorption from Synthroid and Levoxine. Berg, JA; Mayor, GH, 1992)	0.28
" However, when the mass of gut wall in each segment is taken into account, absorption rate is highest at the duodenum and decreases distally."	( Transport of the thyroid hormones across the feline gut wall. Hays, MT; Hsu, L; Kohatsu, S, 1992)	0.28
" Various hormone treatments are known to modify plasma CBG levels and may thereby influence the bioavailability of glucocorticoids."	( Hormonal regulation of corticosteroid-binding globulin biosynthesis in the male rat. Hammond, GL; Smith, CL, 1992)	0.28
" These observations indicate that aluminum hydroxide may interfere with the bioavailability of thyroxine."	( Evidence for interference with the intestinal absorption of levothyroxine sodium by aluminum hydroxide. Liel, Y; Sperber, AD, 1992)	0.28
" It is likely that poor tablet bioavailability was a contributory factor."	( Hypothyroidism resulting from generic levothyroxine failure. Brown, CH; Dong, BJ, )	0.13
"The objective of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the rate of in vitro dissolution and bioavailability of levothyroxine sodium (T4) tablets."	( In vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability of commercial levothyroxine sodium tablets in the hypothyroid dog model. Bernardo, P; Gillum, AW; Lin, L; Martis, L; Roseman, TJ; Wood, RW, 1990)	0.28
"The relative bioavailability and therapeutic equivalence of two brands of levothyroxine sodium tablets, Levothroid and Synthroid, were compared in patients who had been receiving long-term levothyroxine replacement therapy."	( Biopharmaceutical comparison of two levothyroxine sodium products. Adams, MA; Blouin, RA; Clifton, GD; Flueck, J; Foster, TS, 1989)	0.28
" By measuring the bioavailability of the earlier type of tablet in five patients, we inferred that the strength of the previous tablet had been overestimated."	( Replacement dose, metabolism, and bioavailability of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Role of triiodothyronine in pituitary feedback in humans. Bantle, JP; Cavanaugh, J; Fish, LH; Oppenheimer, JH; Schwartz, HL; Steffes, MW, 1987)	0.27
" Because recent formulation changes have rendered these earlier data obsolete, we did a crossover study to determine differences in bioavailability of the two principal brands of thyroxine, Synthroid and Levothroid."	( The equivalency of two L-thyroxine preparations. Burman, KD; Hennessey, JV; Wartofsky, L, 1985)	0.27
"The bioavailability of [125I]T4 or [3H]testosterone in serum obtained from normal subjects and from subjects with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) was studied with a portal vein injection technique in ketamine-anesthetized rats."	( Hepatic bioavailability of thyroxine and testosterone in familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. Cefalu, WT; Pardridge, WM; Premachandra, BN, 1985)	0.27
"A new method for the estimation of the bioavailability of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is described based on gel separation followed by antibody extraction of labelled T4 and T3 from serum, and using the area under the curve of disappearance of the tracer (AUC) for the calculations."	( The bioavailability of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in normal subjects and in hyper- and hypothyroid patients. Faber, J; Friis, T; Hasselström, K; Kirkegaard, C; Lumholtz, IB; Siersbaek-Nielsen, K, 1985)	0.27
" At low luminal concentrations, under conditions where calcium is transported predominantly by active processes, the calcium absorption rate was reduced though not abolished in hyperthyroid patients (16 +/- 4 (SE) mumol/h ."	( The defect of intestinal calcium transport in hyperthyroidism and its response to therapy. Keck, E; Krüskemper, HL; Peerenboom, H; Strohmeyer, G, 1984)	0.27
" To explore the bioavailability of circulating protein-bound thyroid hormones under steady state conditions in vivo, we altered serum thyroid hormone-binding proteins in rats by inducing nephrotic syndrome with puromycin aminonucleoside."	( Low serum thyroxine and high serum triiodothyronine in nephrotic rats: etiology and implications for bioavailability of protein-bound hormone. Burman, KD; Glass, AR; Pardridge, W; Rajatanavin, R; Smallridge, RC; Vigersky, RA; Wartofsky, L, 1984)	0.27
" The serum thyroxine was used as an index of bioavailability and the serum thyrotrophin as an index of biologic activity."	( Oral thyroxine: variation in biologic action and tablet content. Larsen, PR; London, M; Ranganathan, C; Sawin, CT; Surks, MI, 1984)	0.27
" the bioavailability of the two preparations was identical."	( [Posologic equivalents of oral L-thyroxine in thyroid insufficiency (120 cases)]. , 1983)	0.27
" This approach appears to be useful in determining bioavailability of thyroid hormones from oral preparations and to assess the possibility of thyroid hormone malabsorption."	( Bioavailability of thyroid hormones from oral replacement preparations. Kaplan, MM; Larsen, PR; LeBoff, MS; Silva, JE, 1982)	0.26
" --IgM are less well absorbed by the calves than IgG1 (percentages of absorption: 17% for IgM and 75% for IgG1)."	( Comparative absorption of colostral IgG1 and IgM in the newborn calf. Effects of thyroxine, cortisol and environmental factors. Cabello, G; Levieux, D, 1980)	0.26
"The results indicate an adverse effect of aluminum hydroxide on levothyroxine bioavailability through a mechanism involving nonspecific adsorption, or complexing, of levothyroxine to aluminum hydroxide."	( Nonspecific intestinal adsorption of levothyroxine by aluminum hydroxide. Liel, Y; Shany, S; Sperber, AD, 1994)	0.29
" Due to endogenic hormone production and regulation, it is impossible to determine the bioavailability of exogenic hormone using conventional trial designs since exogenic hormone cannot be distinguished from endogenic hormone in serum unless radiolabelled."	( A new method for the determination of the bioavailability of thyroid hormone preparations. Gegenheimer, L; Herzog, R; Lücker, PW; Trantow, T, 1994)	0.29
" These results suggest ATP dependence of transport of iodothyronines into the liver in vivo and show that, in the rat liver and in humans, uptake of T4 may be regulated by intracellular energy stores; in this way the tissue uptake process may affect intracellular metabolism and bioavailability of thyroid hormone."	( T4 uptake into the perfused rat liver and liver T4 uptake in humans are inhibited by fructose. Bernard, BF; De Jong, M; Docter, R; Hennemann, G; Krenning, EP; van der Heijden, JT; van Toor, H, 1994)	0.29
" The increased bioavailability of commercially available products, along with improved laboratory assays for measuring thyrotropin (TSH), has led to an increased chance of actual or detected iatrogenic hyperthyroxinemia."	( Excessive thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Christensen, DB; Ellsworth, A; Nuovo, J; Reynolds, R, )	0.13
"To evaluate the effect of dietary fiber supplements on levothyroxine (T4) bioavailability in hypothyroid patients, dietary fiber-containing supplementation was withheld from patients requiring disproportionately high doses of T4, in whom a dietary history revealed ingestion of a dietary fiber supplement."	( Evidence for a clinically important adverse effect of fiber-enriched diet on the bioavailability of levothyroxine in adult hypothyroid patients. Harman-Boehm, I; Liel, Y; Shany, S, 1996)	0.29
" The design tested could also be used as a crossover design to obtain a reliable parameter related to relative levo-thyroxine bioavailability and is a promising alternative to another model where bioavailability can be tested in athyreotic patients."	( A pilot study on the determination of the relative bioavailability of levo-thyroxine. Fuder, H; Herzog, R; Ise, J; Lücker, PW; Trantow, T, 1995)	0.29
"05) increase in propranolol bioavailability caused by increased fractional absorption (57 +/- 28% vs 137 +/- 73%) and decreased total body clearance (58 +/- 27 ml/min/kg vs 30 +/- 19 ml/min/kg)."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy cats during euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. Calvert, C; Ferguson, D; Jacobs, G; Sams, R; Whittem, T, 1997)	0.3
"To compare relative bioavailability of Synthroid, Levoxine (Levoxine has been renamed Levoxyl), and 2 generic levothyroxine sodium preparations."	( Bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levothyroxine products in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Bubp, JL; Dong, BJ; Gambertoglio, JG; Gee, L; Greenspan, FS; Hauck, WW; White, JR, 1997)	0.3
"The most probable cause of the inadequate TSH suppression in our patients was the reduction in bioavailability in certain batches of Levothroid, although we are unable to rule out the possibility that the results obtained after the changeover to Dexnon were due to its greater bioavailability."	( Altered bioavailability due to changes in the formulation of a commercial preparation of levothyroxine in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Almaraz, MC; Garriga, MJ; Gonzalez-Romero, S; Olveira, G; Ruiz de Adana, MS; Soriguer, F; Tinahones, F, 1997)	0.3
" A fall in FT4 and FT3 combined with increase in TSH suggests a reduced bioavailability of T4 and T3 during tamoxifen treatment."	( Thyroid function in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Aakvaag, A; Anker, GB; Lien, EA; Lønning, PE, 1998)	0.3
" In this study, bioavailability of levothyroxine combined with iodide and the same dose of levothyroxine alone were compared."	( [Bioequivalence of a combination of levothyroxine and iodine in comparison with levothyroxine only. A controlled double-blind study of bioavailability]. al-Hakim, K; Beyer, J; Förster, G; Hansen, C; Kahaly, G; Mörsch, F, 1998)	0.3
"In this study, similar bioavailability and bioequivalence for levothyroxine and the combination of levothyroxine with iodide were demonstrated."	( [Bioequivalence of a combination of levothyroxine and iodine in comparison with levothyroxine only. A controlled double-blind study of bioavailability]. al-Hakim, K; Beyer, J; Förster, G; Hansen, C; Kahaly, G; Mörsch, F, 1998)	0.3
"Melatonin is well absorbed following oral administration and may alter serum sex hormone concentrations."	( Effect of oral melatonin administration on sex hormone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone concentrations in adult dogs. Ashley, PF; Bailey, EM; Frank, LA; Oliver, JW; Schmeitzel, LP, 1999)	0.3
" The role of this uterine sulfotransferase activities in regulating the bioavailability of thyroid hormone in the developing fetus remains to be elucidated."	( Iodothyronine sulfotransferase activity in rat uterus during gestation. Fisher, DA; Florsheim, WH; Galton, VA; Huang, WS; St Germain, DL; Wu, SY, 2000)	0.31
" Noteworthy, the dissolution profiles of the tablets correlate well with their bioavailability in the present experimental conditions."	( Comparative bioavailability of two oral L-thyroxine formulations after multiple dose administration in patients with hypothyroidism and its relation with therapeutic endpoints and dissolution profiles. da Silva, RL; de Brito, AP; dos Santos, MJ; Eksterman, LF; Lima, JS; Noël, F; Spina, LD; Vaisman, M; Volpato, NM, 2001)	0.31
" Because of variable bioavailability of some levothyroxine preparations, designation of a specific high-quality brand is appropriate; TSH should be monitored to titrate the dose."	( Hypothyroidism and women's health. Redmond, GP, )	0.13
" The enema form appeared to provide better bioavailability than the suppository form."	( Rectal administration of propylthiouracil in hyperthyroid patients: comparison of suspension enema and suppository form. Akarawut, W; Chailurkit, L; Chantasart, D; Jongjaroenprasert, W; Rajatanavin, R, 2002)	0.31
" In this study, we compared the bioavailability of two LT4 preparations, L-Thyroxin Henning 100 and Eferox 100."	( [Randomized, double-blind crossover study of bioavailability of levothyroxine]. Dittmar, M; Hoppen, A; Kahaly, GJ; Krehan, A; Lichtwald, K, 2002)	0.31
" Therefore, high MTs may become to protective in young age to harmful during ageing leading to low zinc ion bioavailability for many body homeostatic mechanisms, including brain function."	( Interrelationships among brain, endocrine and immune response in ageing and successful ageing: role of metallothionein III isoform. Cipriano, C; Gasparini, N; Giacconi, R; Mocchegiani, E; Muzzioli, M; Orlando, F, 2003)	0.32
" But it is essentially characterised in the external glycosylation by a shift from sialylation to fucosylation depending on the transcriptional regulation of the corresponding glycosyltransferases, but also on coordinate changes in the activities of glycosyltransferases and of their regulatory proteins, in nucleotide-sugar bioavailability and in product degradation by oxidases."	( Regulation of the intestinal glycoprotein glycosylation during postnatal development: role of hormonal and nutritional factors. Biol-N'garagba, MC; Louisot, P, )	0.13
" Each levothyroxine preparation must comply with FDA standards for bioavailability but may vary with respect to its dissolution and absorption properties and are not interchangeable."	( Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of different levothyroxine preparations in the treatment of human thyroid disease. Danzi, S; Klein, I, 2003)	0.32
"The comparative bioavailability of oral doses of levothyroxine (LT(4)) formulation taken as tablets, after being crushed, or chewed before swallowing has not been well studied."	( Tablet formulation of levothyroxine is absorbed less well than powdered levothyroxine. Yamamoto, T, 2003)	0.32
"In a previous study aimed to compare the bioavailability of two levothyroxine tablets, we found a good relation between their pharmacokinetics parameters and dissolution profiles, employing the USP dissolution conditions in use at that time (24th edition)."	( Multiple level C in vitro/in vivo correlation of dissolution profiles of two L-thyroxine tablets with pharmacokinetics data obtained from patients treated for hypothyroidism. Brito, AP; Gonçalves, JC; Noël, F; Silva, RL; Vaisman, M; Volpato, NM, 2004)	0.32
" We examined the methodology that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends for comparing the bioavailability of LT4 products, as well as three modifications to correct for endogenous, thyroxine (T4) levels, to determine if the methodology could distinguish LT4 products that differ by 12."	( Are bioequivalence studies of levothyroxine sodium formulations in euthyroid volunteers reliable? Awni, W; Blakesley, V; Braverman, LE; Granneman, GR; Locke, C; Ludden, T, 2004)	0.32
" D2 and D3 play important roles in the local bioavailability of T(3)."	( Iodothyronine levels in the human developing brain: major regulatory roles of iodothyronine deiodinases in different areas. Howatson, A; Hume, R; Kester, MH; Marinkovic, D; Martinez de Mena, R; Morreale de Escobar, G; Obregon, MJ; Visser, TJ, 2004)	0.32
"Assessment of relative bioavailability of levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) from eight solid preparations, compared with a liquid formulation, by using pharmacological doses, and critical evaluation of trial methodology based on the pooled analysis of individual data."	( Assessment of levothyroxine sodium bioavailability: recommendations for an improved methodology based on the pooled analysis of eight identically designed trials with 396 drug exposures. Clanget, C; Ding, R; Goeggelmann, C; Hinke, V; Lang, M; Pfeilschifter, J; Tayrouz, Y; Walter-Sack, I; Wegscheider, K, 2004)	0.32
" Triiodothyronine (T(3)), formed chiefly by deiodination of T(4), is the active hormone at the nuclear receptor, and it is generally accepted that deiodination is the major pathway regulating T(3) bioavailability in mammalian tissues."	( Alternate pathways of thyroid hormone metabolism. Chopra, IJ; Green, WL; Hays, MT; Huang, WS; Wu, SY, 2005)	0.33
" The dangers associated with changing to a preparation with different bioavailability are summarized, noting the particular danger of giving a more active preparation to a patient receiving TSH-suppressive doses of levothyroxine."	( New questions regarding bioequivalence of levothyroxine preparations: a clinician's response. Green, WL, 2005)	0.33
" This review examines the methodology and statistical acceptance criteria and summarizes findings of a previously published relative bioavailability study that brings into question the use of standard criteria to assess bioequivalence of levothyroxine sodium."	( Current methodology to assess bioequivalence of levothyroxine sodium products is inadequate. Blakesley, VA, 2005)	0.33
"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Levothyroxine has been challenged by companies that manufacture brand-name products."	( Bioequivalence studies for levothyroxine. Bolton, S, 2005)	0.33
" administration, the value of the area under the blood concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hr and the bioavailability of CyA in the LTX group were decreased to only about one-fifth and a quarter of those in the control group, respectively."	( Long-term levothyroxine treatment decreases the oral bioavailability of cyclosporin A by inducing P-glycoprotein in small intestine. Jin, M; Miyamoto, K; Nomura, M; Shimada, T; Shintani, M; Yokogawa, K, 2005)	0.33
" Binding of thyroxine (T(4)), a native ligand of TTR, stabilizes the tetramer, but the bioavailability of T(4) for TTR binding is limited due to the preferential binding of T(4) to globulin, the major T(4) carrier in plasma."	( Chromium(III) ion and thyroxine cooperate to stabilize the transthyretin tetramer and suppress in vitro amyloid fibril formation. Ando, Y; Anraku, M; Ikemizu, S; Kai, H; Kai, T; Mikami, F; Mizuguchi, M; Nakamura, M; Sato, T; Shuto, T; Suhr, O; Suico, MA; Susuki, S; Yamagata, Y, 2006)	0.33
" The bioavailability of the Levothyroxine sodium tablet formulation THYROHORMONE/Ni-The Ltd (0."	( A bioequivalence study of levothyroxine tablets versus an oral levothyroxine solution in healthy volunteers. Benakis, A; Koukoulis, G; Lyberi, S; Potamianos, S; Pouli, A; Savari, E; Stefanidis, I; Triposkiadis, F; Yannovits, N; Zartaloudis, E; Zintzaras, E, )	0.13
" Changes in T(3) bioavailability may mediate some of the maturational effects of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment in the preterm fetus."	( Differential effects of maternal dexamethasone treatment on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and tissue deiodinase activity in the pregnant ewe and fetus. Forhead, AJ; Fowden, AL; Gardner, DS; Giussani, DA; Jellyman, JK; Kaptein, E; Visser, TJ, 2007)	0.34
" However, an abnormality in the bioavailability of LT(4) should also be considered in patients requiring large doses of LT(4) to achieve euthyroidism."	( Lactose intolerance revealed by severe resistance to treatment with levothyroxine. Alonso, G; Muñoz-Torres, M; Varsavsky, M, 2006)	0.33
"While calcium carbonate is known to interfere with the gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine, we hypothesized that other phosphate binders would also bind to levothyroxine and decrease bioavailability of levothyroxine in dialysis patients."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
"Sevelamer (but not calcium acetate) in addition to calcium carbonate appears to interfere with the bioavailability of levothyroxine."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
"To evaluate the relative bioavailability of T4 sodium and liothyronine sodium (T3), administered in single doses as oral solution (drops) and tablet forms, according to two separate study protocols."	( Comparative bioavailability of different formulations of levothyroxine and liothyronine in healthy volunteers. Drago, F; Incognito, T; Leggio, GM; Marano, MR; Privitera, G, 2006)	0.33
"The bioavailability of the two oral solutions (T4-Ibsa and T3-Ibsa oral solutions) and the corresponding tablet forms (Eutirox 100 and Ti-tre tablets) were confirmed and they can be considered bioequivalent and therapeutically interchangeable."	( Comparative bioavailability of different formulations of levothyroxine and liothyronine in healthy volunteers. Drago, F; Incognito, T; Leggio, GM; Marano, MR; Privitera, G, 2006)	0.33
" A mean bioavailability of 22% was calculated following a single oral administration of 40 microg L-T4/kg body weight."	( Pharmacokinetics of total thyroxine in dogs after administration of an oral solution of levothyroxine sodium. Burgaud, S; Horspool, LJ; Le Traon, G, 2008)	0.35
" Variable dissolution of T4 products can, therefore, impact the oral absorption and bioavailability of T4 and may result in bioequivalence problems between various available products."	( A comparative pH-dissolution profile study of selected commercial levothyroxine products using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Akhlaghi, F; Pabla, D; Zia, H, 2009)	0.35
"An investigation was conducted to study insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine (T(4)) levels in a chicken population divergently selected for P bioavailability (PBA)."	( Physiological responses to divergent selection for phytate phosphorus bioavailability in a randombred chicken population. Aggrey, SE; Edwards, HM; McMurtry, JP; Pesti, GM; Sethi, PK, 2008)	0.35
" Bioavailability estimates of levothyroxine formulations might be affected by baseline concentrations of the hormone."	( Bioequivalence of two levothyroxine tablet formulations without and with mathematical adjustment for basal thyroxine levels in healthy Argentinian volunteers: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, crossover study. de Los Santos, AR; Di Girolamo, G; Gonzalez, CD; Keller, GA; Schere, D, 2008)	0.35
" T4 is a narrow therapeutic index drug with highly variable bioavailability (40-80%)."	( Intestinal permeability enhancement of levothyroxine sodium by straight chain fatty acids studied in MDCK epithelial cell line. Akhlaghi, F; Pabla, D; Zia, H, 2010)	0.36
" However, in some subjects in whom the control of hypothyroidism is extremely difficult, levothyroxine bioavailability defects should be considered."	( Increased levothyroxine requirement in a woman with previously well-controlled hypothyroidism and intestinal giardiasis. Diehl, LA; Radaeli, Rde F, 2011)	0.37
" Considering that levothyroxine sodium is classified as Class III drug according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, drug bioavailability will be less sensitive to the variation in its dissolution characteristics and it can be assumed that the differences observed in vitro in some of investigated media probably do not have significant influence on the absorption process, as long as rapid and complete dissolution exists."	( An investigation into the influence of experimental conditions on in vitro drug release from immediate-release tablets of levothyroxine sodium and its relation to oral bioavailability. Dacevic, M; Homsek, I; Kocic, I; Miljkovic, B; Parojcic, J, 2011)	0.37
" Applying the same concept as bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, compounding pharmacists can deliver an 11:1 ratio using a commercial T4 product and taking into account oral bioavailability of each entity."	( Bioidentical thyroid replacement therapy in practice: Delivering a physiologic T4:T3 ratio for improved patient outcomes with the Listecki-Snyder protocol. Listecki, RE; Snyder, S, )	0.13
" The post-dose concentrations were plotted as a function of time for each period and the relative bioavailability of the two formulations were compared using a general linear model with factors for dog, phase, sequence and formulation."	( Bioavailability of two L-thyroxine formulations after oral administration to healthy dogs. Devi, JL; Simpson, C; Whittem, T, 2013)	0.39
"Aim of the study was to assess systemic effects of a cycle of treatment with a topical formulation of l-T4 and escin (Somatoline®) in healthy women based on changes in bioavailability of FT4, FT3, rT3, and TSH."	( Bioavailability of l-thyroxine and its metabolites after topical treatment with an emulsion containing 0.1% micronised l-thyroxine. Bevilacqua, M; Certan, D; Fioravanti, P; Oliva, M; Righini, V, 2013)	0.39
"Thyroxine (T4) administration is advocated in the management of organ donors; however, the bioavailability of oral thyroxine is unknown in this patient population."	( Oral and intravenous thyroxine (T4) achieve comparable serum levels for hormonal resuscitation protocol in organ donors: a randomized double-blinded study. Haddara, W; Sharpe, MD; van Rassel, B, 2013)	0.39
" Oral bioavailability of T4 was 93% of the intravenous group at six hours and 91% overall."	( Oral and intravenous thyroxine (T4) achieve comparable serum levels for hormonal resuscitation protocol in organ donors: a randomized double-blinded study. Haddara, W; Sharpe, MD; van Rassel, B, 2013)	0.39
"Orally administered T4 is well absorbed and achieves a bioavailability of approximately 91-93% of intravenous T4 in organ donors."	( Oral and intravenous thyroxine (T4) achieve comparable serum levels for hormonal resuscitation protocol in organ donors: a randomized double-blinded study. Haddara, W; Sharpe, MD; van Rassel, B, 2013)	0.39
"Our study confirms that LT4-OS could have an increased absorption rate in comparison to LT4 tablets, especially in the presence of other factors interfering with LT4 absorption."	( Comparison of TSH Levels with Liquid Formulation Versus Tablet Formulations of Levothyroxine in the Treatment of Adult Hypothyroidism. Aiello, V; Brancato, D; Di Noto, A; Ferrara, L; Fleres, M; Provenzano, V; Saura, G; Scorsone, A, 2014)	0.4
" Additionally, many gastrointestinal diseases, such as the conditions that disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the diseases that impair gastric acidity, may alter the bioavailability of levothyroxine."	( Levothyroxine absorption in health and disease, and new therapeutic perspectives. Bibbò, S; Di Rienzo, TA; Franceschi, F; Gasbarrini, A; Greco, AV; Ianiro, G; Mangiola, F, 2014)	0.4
" Their bioavailability in utero depends on development of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid gland axis and the abundance of thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases that influence tissue levels of bioactive hormone."	( Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation. Forhead, AJ; Fowden, AL, 2014)	0.4
" In the present study, we tested a commercially available encapsulated edible seaweed (Napiers Hebridean Seagreens® Ascophyllum nodosum species) for its acceptability to consumers and iodine bioavailability and investigated the impact of a 2-week daily seaweed supplementation on iodine concentrations and thyroid function."	( Low-level seaweed supplementation improves iodine status in iodine-insufficient women. Combet, E; Cousins, F; Lean, ME; Ma, ZF; Thompson, B, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a fixed combination of soy isoflavones on the oral bioavailability of levothyroxine in post-menopausal female volunteers."	( Evaluation of Levothyroxine Bioavailability after Oral Administration of a Fixed Combination of Soy Isoflavones in Post-menopausal Female Volunteers. Barbetta, B; Benvenuti, C; Colovic, M; Donazzolo, Y; Giacovelli, G; Manzotti, C; Persiani, S; Rovati, LC; Sala, F; Vitalini, C; Zangarini, M, 2016)	0.43
"Myocardial infarction leads to a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels."	( T3 and T4 decrease ROS levels and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the myocardium of infarcted rats. Belló-Klein, A; Campos, C; Conzatti, A; da Rosa Araujo, AS; de Castro, AL; Fernandes, RO; Fernandes, TR; Llesuy, S; Sartório, CL; Schenkel, PC; Siqueira, R; Tavares, AV, 2015)	0.42
" In conclusion, TH effects seem to involve a modulation of eNOS expression and an improvement in NO bioavailability in the infarcted heart."	( T3 and T4 decrease ROS levels and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the myocardium of infarcted rats. Belló-Klein, A; Campos, C; Conzatti, A; da Rosa Araujo, AS; de Castro, AL; Fernandes, RO; Fernandes, TR; Llesuy, S; Sartório, CL; Schenkel, PC; Siqueira, R; Tavares, AV, 2015)	0.42
" Many proteins are involved with regulation of TH bioavailability in the brain: the TH distributor protein transthyretin (TTR), TH transmembrane transporters (e."	( The affinity of transthyretin for T Darras, VM; Delbaere, J; McAllan, BM; Richardson, SJ; Van Herck, S, 2018)	0.48
" However, there are several factors which might influence bioavailability of L-T4 treatment."	( Association between genetic polymorphism and levothyroxine bioavailability in hypothyroid patients. Aksakal, N; Arici, M; Ozcinar, B; Ozhan, G; Oztas, E; Yanar, F, 2018)	0.48
" A study has been conducted to compare the bioavailability of levothyroxine sodium oral solution and levothyroxine sodium soft capsule in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions."	( Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Bioavailability of a Levothyroxine Sodium Oral Solution and Soft Capsule. Girard, J; Larouche, R; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C; Tanguay, M, 2019)	0.51
" Differences in bioavailability of 12."	( Thyroxine and treatment of hypothyroidism: seven decades of experience. Hennessey, JV; Mateo, RCI, 2019)	0.51
" There are concerns that the FDA's protocol could allow products with clinically significant differences in bioavailability to be declared therapeutically equivalent and interchangeable."	( Levothyroxine Formulations: Pharmacological and Clinical Implications of Generic Substitution. Benvenga, S; Carlé, A, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" The increasing awareness of the mechanisms interfering with the oral thyroid hormone bioavailability and the body of evidence regarding the complexity of treatment in certain classes of patients prompted pharmaceutical research to identify new hormonal formulations to optimize the performance of this drug."	( Novel thyroxine formulations: a further step toward precision medicine. Centanni, M; Trimboli, P; Virili, C, 2019)	0.51
" Taken together, our results suggest the bioavailability of and potential thyroid endocrine disruption by TBP in fish."	( Bioconcentration of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae. Fu, J; Guo, Y; Han, J; Lee, JS; Wang, M; Yang, L; Zhou, B, 2020)	0.56
" Today it still remains unclear whether the change in the bioavailability of thyroid hormones in the myocardium is a favorable physiological mechanism or a replication of an adaptation disorder."	( [Use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: literature review]. Borisov, DV; Gubaeva, DN; Praskurnichiy, EA, 2020)	0.56
"Oral levothyroxine sodium is absorbed in the small intestine, mainly in the jejunum and the ileum being lower the absorption rate at duodenal level."	( Levothyroxine Therapy in Gastric Malabsorptive Disorders. Brusca, N; Capriello, S; Centanni, M; Virili, C, 2020)	0.56
" Most respondents prescribed L-T4 tablets and did not expect any major changes with alternative formulations such as soft-gel capsules or liquid formulations in situations influencing the bioavailability of L-T4."	( Use of Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Patients: A 2020 THESIS Questionnaire Survey of Members of the Swedish Endocrine Society. Attanasio, R; Hegedüs, L; Lantz, M; Nagy, EV; Papini, E; Perros, P; Planck, T, 2021)	0.62
"Although levothyroxine is one of the most prescribed medications in the world, its bioavailability has been reported to be impaired by many factors, including interfering drugs or foods and concomitant diseases, and persistent hypothyroidism with a high dose of levothyroxine is thus elicited."	( Levothyroxine: Conventional and Novel Drug Delivery Formulations. Chen, C; Li, W; Liu, H; Sun, S; Zhang, W, 2023)	0.91
" The bioavailability of a novel LT4 oral solution and a reference LT4 tablet were compared in a randomized, laboratory-blinded, single-dose, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover study in healthy euthyroid subjects."	( Comparative Bioavailability of a Novel Solution and a Tablet Formulation of Levothyroxine. Baron, MA; Psarrakis, Y; Vandse, S; Washington, K, 2023)	0.91

Dosage Studied

There was a U-shaped dose-dependent relationship between the levothyroxine dosage and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. IRMA-TSH may obviate the need for a TRH test and simplify the evaluation of adequate dosage in pa.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" A reevaluation of the radioiodine dosage and the course of the disease in these numerous patients seems to be indicated."	( [Frequency distribution of an index for free thyroxin in relation to age and thyroid status]. Goebel, R; Leb, G, 1976)	0.26
" Seven volunteers were given orphenadrine in weekly increasing dosage up to 300 mg per day; in 5 patients chronically treated with 300 mg orphenadrine daily the drug was gradually discontinued."	( Orphenadrine (Disipal), serum thyroxine and thyroid function. Fabius, AJ; Touber, JL; Wiersinga, WM, 1977)	0.26
" The first group received metizol (thiamazol) in a daily dosage of 60 mg, the second group lithium carbonate (1."	( [Short-term use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis]. Jonderko, G; Marcisz, C, 1979)	0.26
" It is suggested that a depletion of pituitary TSH and Prl stores readily secretable in response to a constant dosage level of TRH may be responsible for the secretory patterns observed."	( Thyrotropin and prolactin secretory patterns during 24-hours infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in calves. Anfinson, MS; Davis, SL; Klindt, J; Ohlson, DL, 1978)	0.26
" Following low dosage cyproterone acetate (CA) therapy (mean daily dosage 65 mg/m2BSA) a beneficial effect on growth and skeletal maturation was observed."	( Effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on growth and endocrine function in precocious puberty. Ilicki, A; Stahnke, N; Willig, RP, 1979)	0.26
" To determine a patho-physiological dose of levo thyroxine [T4] for guinea pigs, a dose-response curve was examined of T4 effect upon oxidative phosphorylatin of guinea pig liver mitochondria."	( L-Thyroxine effects upon ATPase activities of several subcellular fractions of liver of the rat and the guinea pig. Berdanier, CD; Ecklund, RE; Tobin, RB, )	0.13
" The mean height velocity attained at the optimal dosage (0."	( Medical Research Council of Canada therapeutic trial of human growth hormone: first 5 years of therapy. Bailey, JD; Beck, JC; Friesen, H; Guyda, H; Leboeuf, G, 1975)	0.25
" The hypothalamus was completely unaffected by similar treatment and the uterus responded with decreased receptor level only at the highest dosage used."	( Modulation by thyroid hormones of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor concentrations in reproductive tissues of the rat. Cidlowski, JA; Muldoon, TG, 1975)	0.25
" A dose-response series was completed that showed that perchlorate therapy for 8 weeks at 400 mg/100 ml produced breast blockade by a reduction in iodine uptake of greater than 52% of the control."	( Rat mammary gland atypia produced by iodine blockade with perchlorate. Eskin, BA; Krouse, T; Merion, JA; Shuman, R, 1975)	0.25
" Noradrenaline affinity to the binding sites was decreased and the dose-response curve for the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by adrenaline was shifted to the right in hypothyroidism."	( Influence of thyroid state on the specific binding of noradrenaline to a cardiac particulate fraction and on catecholamine-sensitive cardiac adenylate cyclase activity. Will-Shahab, L; Wollenberger, A, 1976)	0.26
" The dichotomy in the dose-response pattern between the two parameters indicated that the effect of high TSH concentrations on the release was induced at a step beyond cAMP accumulation."	( The mechanism of damping of the serum thyroxine and triidothyronine levels caused by increasing thyrotropin dosage in mice. Gafni, M; Gross, J; Saddok, C; Sirkis, N, 1977)	0.26
" The dosage should be adapted to the age of the patient the duration of the course of the hypothyroidism and the state of the heart."	( [Surveillance of hypothyroidism treatment]. Jenny, M, 1977)	0.26
" In this in vitro system another cell activity, T4 synthesis, was stimulated in an essentially identical fashion by TSH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (time course of action, dose-response relationship)."	( Thyroxine secretion by isolated hog thyroid cells: a cyclic AMP independent pathway. Mornex, R; Munari, Y; Rostagnat, A; Rousset, B, 1977)	0.26
"Administration of T4 on alternate weeks for 30 weeks at a dosage which does not alter body weight depresses basal serum corticosterone levels in older rats (575 days), but not in young animals (260 days)."	( Control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in young and older rats injected with thyroxine. Meserve, LA, 1979)	0.26
" A dose-response study indicated that high doses of T4 may stimulate Mg++ activated ATPase."	( Effects of thyroxine treatment on the hepatic plasma membrane ATPase activity in rats. Berdanier, CD; Ecklund, RE; Tobin, RB, )	0.13
" L-T4 dosage was increased or decreased by 25 or 50 mug/day at 2-12 mo."	( Age-related change in pituitary threshold for TSH release during thyroxine replacement therapy for cretinism. Ishiguro, K; Nakajima, H; Sato, T; Suzuki, Y; Taketani, T, 1977)	0.26
" After a dosage of 6 mg DT4 the D/L T4 plasma concentration rose about 4-fold 4 hours after application and was only moderately elevated 14 hours later."	( Influence of D-thyroxine on plasma thyroid hormone levels and TSH secretion. Gless, KH; Hüfner, M; Oster, P, 1977)	0.26
" Phenytoin dosage was increased to improve seizure control but produced relatively low blood levels during pregnancy."	( Epilepsy and pregnancy. Serum thyroxine levels during phenytoin therapy. Ramsay, RE; Spellacy, WN; Strauss, RG; Wilder, BJ; Willmore, LJ, 1979)	0.26
" This was purely due to a shift in the dose-response curve to the right since maximal effects were the same as those found in control subjects."	( Metabolic studies in a case of Werner's syndrome. Blohmé, G; Smith, U, 1979)	0.26
" Iobenzamic acid, tyropanoic acid, iopanoic acid, and ipodate sodium, in a dosage of 3 g for 3 days, respectively, induced a significant decrease in serum T3 and an increase in rT3 within 24 h after the initial dose, followed by an increase in TSH and a slight increase in T4."	( Effects of three-day oral cholecystography on serum iodothyronines and TSH concentrations: comparison of the effects among some cholecystographic agents and the effects of iopanoic acid on the pituitary-thyroid axis. Kadena, N; Nakagawa, S; Suzuki, H; Takeuchi, K, 1979)	0.26
" With initial values below 350 mg/100 ml the difference in the cholesterol decrease between the two dosage groups is not therapeutically relevant."	( [Therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa and IIb with etiroxate-HCl. Dose-response comparison]. Banz, H; Gall, FP, 1979)	0.26
" Insulin in dosage 1 unit per 1 kg of body weight increased excretion of serum proteins and urine from the digestive system into the blood."	( [Effect of thyroxine and insulin on nitrogen metabolism in the gastrointestinal system and mammary glands of lactating cows]. Shatokhin, VV; Soldatenkov, PF, 1977)	0.26
" The physiopathogenetic bases for this are examined in relation to dosage and early diagnosis."	( [Radiotherapy with 131J and 125J of Basedow's disease. Indications and results relative to the incidence of post-actinic hypothyroidism]. Biagioli, R; Dradi, C; Riceputi, G; Riva, P, 1979)	0.26
" It is concluded, that the dosage of 150 micrograms thyroxin is indicated in patients when reduction of goiter size is desired or a high demand for thyroid replacement is suspected."	( [Thyroxine in an amount of 150 micrograms daily for the prevention of the recurrence of goiter]. Goebel, R; Köle, W; Leb, G; Warnkross, H, 1977)	0.26
"bTSH augmented the fish thyroid peroxidase activity in a dose-response manner."	( Bovine TSH-stimulation of fish thyroid peroxidase activity and role of thyroxine thereon. Bhattacharya, S; Chakraborti, P, 1978)	0.26
" The T4 level, because it is low whether symptoms are present or not, may inadvertently suggest the need for higher dosage of desiccated thyroid in patients who have already received adequate replacement."	( Why does anyone still use desiccated thyroid USP? Cobb, WE; Jackson, IM, 1978)	0.26
" The pattern of dexamethasone concentrations was retained when dosage was arranged in such a way as to infuse increasing quantities of hormonal analogue as infusion progressed."	( Dexamethasone concentrations in ovine plasma during its intravenous infusion, its relation to the production of some endogenous hormones, and some of the effects on wool growth. Panaretto, BA; Wallace, AL, 1978)	0.26
" Similarly, injection of PTU in rats in a dosage of 5 microgram/100 g BW or greater significantly impaired T4 5'-deiodination in subsequently isolated kidney microsomal preparations."	( Thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity of rat kidney: observations on activation by thiols and inhibition by propylthiouracil. Leonard, JL; Rosenberg, IN, 1978)	0.26
"Cortical matter increased in the thymus after ten-day dosage of Coombs-positive NZB mice with somatotropin and thyroxine; cortical matter predominated over medullar matter."	( Thymus morphology in NZB mice after multiple dosage with somatotropin. Kozlov, VA; Noppe, TP; Trufakin, VA, )	0.13
" The dosage was individually calculated according to the radioiodine uptake, the thyroid weight and the effective half life time of the radioiodine in the thyroid."	( [Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with 125-iodine: results in 93 patients 3 to 5 years after treatment, and comparison with 131-iodine therapy (author's transl)]. Glanzmann, Ch; Horst, W, 1979)	0.26
" In patients with a high TSH despite being clinically euthyroid, the use of thyroid extract in low dosage (50 mg/day) would appear to be desirable in avoiding the subsequent development of hypothyroidism."	( [Biological changes in 88 cases of Basedow's disease treated by radioactive iodine]. Brunelle, P; Courtois, H; Nouel, JP; Poirier, A; Schrub, JC; Segond, G, 1976)	0.26
" In the dosage employed in these patients, propranolol had no demonstrable effect on either thyroid hormone secretion, the peripheral disposal of T4, or the TSH and prl responses to TRH."	( Failure of propranolol to alter thyroid iodine release, thyroxine turnover, or the TSH and PRL responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Dimond, RC; Earll, JM; Frantz, AG; Noel, GL; Wartofsky, L, 1975)	0.25
" As a control group, six patients with primary hypothyroidism received gradually increasing doses of L-T4 for 4-week periods, and TSH response to TRH was tested at the end of each dosage of L-T4, until complete inhibition of TSH release was obtained."	( Low setting of feedback regulation of TSH secretion by thyroxine in pituitary dwarfism with TSH-releasing hormone deficiency. Ishiguro, K; Isumisawa, A; Sato, T; Suzuki, Y; Taketani, T, 1976)	0.26
" present the recent progresses reached in the Endocrinology diagnostic with the aid of the radioisotopic techniques; successively they refer about the principles regulating the chemical reactions used in the dosage of the single hormones and about the use of index interesting the clinical practice."	( [Use of radioisotope technics for determination of thyroid hormones. Research on blood and urine]. D'Amore, F; Guarino, A; Meo, S, 1975)	0.25
" So 1-thyroxine, depending on the dosage used, may stimulate the development of tumor process in mammary glands, but exert no influence on it (an effect of "the effect extinction"), and finely suppress tumor development."	( [The influence of thyroid and antithyroid preparations on the development of induced breast cancer]. Beskrovnyĭ, AM; Sukacheva, OA, 1976)	0.26
"A double-blind investigation of the psychological and hormonal responses to orally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in a dosage range of 200 to 300 mg daily was conducted in a group of 11 depressed patients hospitalized for an initial 10-day period and followed as outpatients for the balance of a 30-day period of observation."	( Therapeutic failure of oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression. Adrian, AD; Kiely, WF; Lee, JH; Nicoloff, JT, )	0.13
" 75 mug thyroxine is too small a dosage in these patients and 100 to 150 mug daily seem to be indicated in the above mentioned states."	( [Thyroxine in the treatment of euthyroid goiter and the prevention of goiter recurrence]. Goebel, R; Haralambus, I; Leb, G; Pohl, P; Warnkross, H, 1976)	0.26
" There was variation in tracer binding when serum from dogs dosed with thyrotropin was assayed with the first tracer, but there was little variation with the second."	( Reduced variation of tracer binding in digoxin radioimmunoassay by use of (125I)-labeled tyrosine-methyl-ester derivative: relation of thyroxine concentration to binding. Kroening, BH; Weintraub, M, 1976)	0.26
" When changing from the combined thyroid hormone therapy to treatment with L-thyroxine alone it is enough in most cases to replace the previous amount of L-thyroxine only; previous recommendations for the dosage of thyroid hormone were rather high."	( [More recent aspects of treatment for hypothyroidism and goitre in children and adolescents (author's transl)]. Kuhn, N; Stahnke, N; Wiebel, J; Willig, RP, 1976)	0.26
" The dose-response curve for the thyroid gland factor was not parallel to that obtained using PTH and secretion was not under calcium control."	( Secretion of a bone resorbing factor by chick thyroid glands in organ culture. Feinblatt, JD; Leone, RG; Tai, LR, 1976)	0.26
" Serial dilutions of hyperthyroid sera gave dose-response curves which were parallel to the rT3 standard curve."	( Measurement of serum 3,3',5'-(reverse) T3, with comments on its derivation. Black, EG; Griffiths, RS; Hoffenberg, R, 1976)	0.26
"After a brief outline of the physiology of the thyroid hormones and the laboratory tests measuring thyroid function, the dosage of normalised T4 (T4N) in patients suffering from various thyroid diseases and subjected to surgical operation is discussed."	( [In vitro thyroid diagnosis in surgery of the thyroid]. Califano, G; Celentano, L; D'Armiento, M; Gravina, E, 1976)	0.26
" After the addition of increasing doses of PTU (40--400 ng/ml) a linear increase of FT4 was found in human serum, while in rat serum a nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed."	( Increase of serum free thyroxine after propylthiouracil in vitro or its peroral administration to rats. Michajlovskij, N; Stastná, M, 1976)	0.26
" The LH measured in the sera of these animals each gave dose-response curves by radioimmunoassay which were identical to the authentic rat LH reference preparation."	( Thyroid hormone regulation of the pulsatile discharges of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized rats. Freeman, ME; LaRochelle, FT; Moore, RB, 1975)	0.25
"The reliability of pituitary suppression by administration of 1-thyroxin (t4) or a combination of thyroxin and triiodothyronin (t3) of variable dosage following radical surgery for thyroid cancer in 13 patients was investigated by means of TRH-test and measurement of serum hormone levels."	( [Evaluation of reliable pituitary suppression therapy through varying thyroid hormone dosage following total thyroidectomy due to a differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. Hüfner, M; Papke, W; Röher, HD; Wahl, R, 1975)	0.25
" The degradation of T 4 at high dosage is quicker than at lower dosage."	( [Absorption and pharmacokinetics of large doses of 1-thyroxine in man (author's transl)]. Fill, H; Obendorf, L; Riccabona, G; Zechmann, W, 1975)	0.25
" injections of thyroxine at a dosage (1 mg/d) that induced June-July thyroxine plasma levels."	( Experimental studies on the annual cycles of thyroid and adrenocortical functions in relation to the reproductive cycle of drakes. Assenmacher, I; Astier, H; Daniel, JY; Jallageas, M, 1975)	0.25
" Evidence of parallelism and even superimposition is provided for both assays between the dose-response curve and the serum dilution curve."	( [Radioimmunologic determination of plasmatic triiodothyronine. Verification of operative parameters; 1st clinical results]. Dotti, C, 1975)	0.25
" Brain weights were depressed significantly in all thyroxine treated groups except in the 9k-mug dosage in H mice."	( Neonatal thyroxine administration, behavioral maturation, and brain growth in mice of different brain weight. Chen, C; Fuller, JL, 1975)	0.25
"Various factors that might influence the dose-response effect of growth hormone on the longitudinal bone growth were investigated with tetracycline as intravital marker of the bone growth in hypophysectomized rats."	( Conditions influencing the dose-response effect of growth hormone on longitudinal bone growth in the hypophysectomized rat. Hansson, LI; Thorngren, KG, 1975)	0.25
" In a series of 192 patients followed up for at least 3 years we tried to evaluate the variability of maintenance dosage and to analyse the factors predictive of replacement dosage."	( [Treatment and monitoring of primary hypothyroidism]. Grunenberger, F; Pradignac, A; Sapin, R; Schlienger, JL, )	0.13
" Lower dosage of L-thyroxine (50-100 micrograms daily) was required to attain euthyroid state in some patients with postoperative or postradiation hypothyroidism."	( [Monitoring of treatment for hypothyroidism with L-thyroxine]. Horst-Sikorska, W; Kosowicz, J; Zamysłowska, H, 1992)	0.28
"01 micrograms)/g body wt/d as established by a dose-response study in which this dose of DEX induced one third the maximum response in sucrase activity."	( Synergistic effects of thyroxine and dexamethasone on enzyme ontogeny in rat small intestine. Henning, SJ; McDonald, MC, 1992)	0.28
" During stable thyroxine therapy [mean daily dosage for Group I 137."	( Cardiac systolic time intervals and thyroid hormone levels during treatment of hypothyroidism. Irjala, K; Nuutila, P; Saraste, M; Seppälä, P; Viikari, J, 1992)	0.28
"Differences in bioavailability of many drugs from their various dosage forms have been shown to be relatively common in human medicine."	( Bioavailability and bioinequivalence of drug formulations in small animals. Watson, AD, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response to T3, and the relative responses to its active and inactive analogs, confirmed that the process of autoinduction was initiated by thyroid hormone receptor with the same functional characteristics as that found in all amphibian and mammalian tissues."	( Autoinduction of thyroid hormone receptor during metamorphosis is reproduced in Xenopus XTC-2 cells. Machuca, I; Tata, JR, 1992)	0.28
" When treatment was discontinued for three months, or the dosage reduced, thyroid volume increased again in the levothyroxine (to 11."	( Treatment of juvenile goitre with levothyroxine, iodide or a combination of both: the value of ultrasound grey-scale analysis. Bauch, KH; Benker, G; Einenkel, D, 1992)	0.28
" Data were analyzed by using information on dose, time after dosing, commercial product, and once-a-day or twice-a-day dosing regimens."	( Radioimmunoassay monitoring of thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs on thyroid replacement therapy: 2,674 cases (1985-1987). Nachreiner, RF; Refsal, KR, 1992)	0.28
" The brown adipose tissue enzyme T4 5'-deiodinase demonstrated an increased activity in the presence of NMDA, with the lowest dosage eliciting the most significant effect."	( N-methyl-D-aspartate does not prevent effects of melatonin on the reproductive and thyroid axes of male Syrian hamsters. Hoover, PA; Little, JC; Reiter, RJ; Vaughan, MK, 1992)	0.28
" For patients with subnormal TSH concentration a close follow-up is obligatory and in case od concomitantly raised free-thyroxine level the reduction of the levothyroxine dosage is proposed."	( Biologic markers in blood reflecting thyroid hormone effect at peripheral tissue level in patients receiving levothyroxine replacement for hypothyroidism. Bános, C; Büki, B; Földes, J; Németh, J; Tarján, G; Varga, F, 1992)	0.28
" A dose-response study showed that with 24 h preincubation, 5, 3, and 1 microgram/ml of GN inhibited 81, 62, and 0% of PTH-induced calcium release."	( Gallium nitrate inhibits bone resorption and collagen synthesis in neonatal mouse calvariae. Lakatos, P; Mong, S; Stern, PH, 1991)	0.28
" For patients with subnormal TSH concentration a close follow-up is obligatory and in case of concomitantly raised free-thyroxine level the reduction of the levothyroxine dosage is proposed."	( Biologic blood markers reflecting thyroid hormone effect at peripheral tissue level in patients receiving levothyroxine replacement for hypothyroidism. Bános, C; Büki, B; Földes, J; Németh, J; Tarján, G; Varga, F, 1991)	0.28
" The aim of the present study was to examine the apparently very steep dose-response relationship between elevated plasma TSH and thyroid vascular C/mass."	( Thyroid vascular conductance: differential effects of elevated plasma thyrotropin (TSH) induced by treatment with thioamides or TSH-releasing hormone. Chang, BS; Connors, JM; Dey, RD; Hedge, GA; Huffman, LJ; Michalkiewicz, M, 1991)	0.28
" Until recently, dosage adjustment of L-thyroxine in residents with primary hypothyroidism was accomplished by individual physicians guided by standard thyroid function tests."	( Effect of a sensitive thyrotropin-stimulating hormone assay on dosing of L-thyroxine. Depka, C; Deterville, R; Drinka, P; Nickel, D; Schomisch, G; Voeks, S, 1991)	0.28
"The aim of this work was to determine the optimum dosage of L-thyroxine (L-T4) given to infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH)."	( [Congenital hypothyroidism. Therapeutic strategy at the early stage of treatment]. Czernichow, P; Léger, J; Touati, G, )	0.13
" The dose-response curves for both agonists were shifted to the left in the hypothyroid rats compared to water-treated controls."	( The hypothyroid rat as a model of increased sensitivity to dopamine receptor agonists. Cameron, DL; Crocker, AD, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response experiments were carried out in order to obtain insight into the sensitivity of the observed effects."	( Effects of hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorohydroquinone on serum thyroid hormone levels in rats. Bragt, PC; Engel, R; Notten, WR; van den Berg, KJ; van Raaij, JA, 1991)	0.28
" There was no correlation between the total body or different regional BMD levels and the duration or dosage of levothyroxine treatment or thyroid function test results."	( Bone mineral density in premenopausal women receiving long-term physiological doses of levothyroxine. Kung, AW; Pun, KK, )	0.13
" This study suggests: 1) oral absorption of l-T4 is variable, but clinical response occurs quickly even in myxoedema ileus; 2) the intravenous route involves high peaks of plasma T4 and T3; 3) peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 allows gradually T3 delivery to organ systems, even if only l-T4 is used and 4) initial and daily dosage determinations need further studies."	( Myxoedema coma: response of thyroid hormones with oral and intravenous high-dose L-thyroxine treatment. Arlot, S; Debussche, X; Fournier, A; Lalau, JD; Mesmacque, A; Quichaud, J; Tolani, M, 1991)	0.28
" Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally by gavage with DES or corn oil (control) during various intervals of gestation."	( Diethylstilbestrol-induced perinatal lethality in the rat. I. Relationship to reduced maternal weight gain. Bradshaw, WS; Carter, MW; Clevenger, WR; Cornwall, GA, 1991)	0.28
" In older pigs (15 weeks) neither the content of goitrogens nor the I dosage affected the serum T4 level."	( Effect of varying glucosinolate and iodine intake via rapeseed meal diets on serum thyroid hormone level and total iodine in the thyroid in growing pigs. Groppel, B; Hennig, A; Jahreis, G; Lange, R; Lüdke, H; Schöne, F; Seffner, W, 1990)	0.28
" Thyroid-stimulating hormone exhibited a dose-response decline that was accompanied by a similar decrease in serum thyroid hormone levels."	( Chlordimeform-induced alterations in endocrine regulation within the male rat reproductive system. Cooper, RL; Edwards, TL; Goldman, JM; Hein, JF; Laws, SC; McElroy, WK; Rehnberg, GL, 1990)	0.28
" A dosage of 4000 U/mouse of human IFN gamma (hIFN gamma) was injected intraperitoneally daily for six consecutive weeks into the xenotransplanted mice."	( Effects of recombinant human interferon gamma on human thyroid tissues from patients with Graves' disease and normal subjects transplanted into nude mice. Jamieson, C; Kasuga, Y; Matsubayashi, S; Miller, N; Sakatsume, Y; Volpé, R, 1990)	0.28
" Levothyroxine was added to the baseline medication regimen, and the dosage was increased until clinical response occurred or until side effects precluded further increase."	( Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder. II. Treatment of refractory rapid cycling with high-dose levothyroxine: a preliminary study. Bauer, MS; Whybrow, PC, 1990)	0.28
" Finally the potential problems in treating hypothyroidism in the elderly are discussed in regard to dosage requirements and the need to avoid subclinical hypothyroidism by using the ultrasensitive TSH assay."	( Hypothyroidism in the elderly. Griffin, JE, 1990)	0.28
" The test was performed by first collecting blood samples for basal serum T4 and T3 determinations, administering liothyronine at an oral dosage of 25 micrograms three times daily for seven doses, and, on the morning of the third day, again collecting serum samples for T4 and T3 determinations 2 to 4 hours after the seventh dose of liothyronine."	( Triiodothyronine (T3) suppression test. An aid in the diagnosis of mild hyperthyroidism in cats. Gamble, DA; Graves, TK; Peterson, ME, )	0.13
" The dose producing a 35% decrease in sGaw (PD35) was determined from the cumulative log dose-response curve by linear regression analysis."	( Effects of hypothyroidism on bronchial reactivity in non-asthmatic subjects. Hombach, V; Keck, FS; Schäuffelen, AC; Seibold, H; von Beauvais, H; Wieshammer, S, 1990)	0.28
" By the time the thyroid function stabilized, three times as much as preoperative dosage of thyroxin had to be administered for 34 days."	( [A case of aorto-coronary bypass surgery in a hypophysectomized male patient]. Fujita, Y; Kasuya, S; Katagiri, M; Matsuoka, A; Ohtsuka, H; Okabe, M; Sakashita, J; Takahashi, M, 1990)	0.28
"To evaluate the dose-response relationship between thyroxine and tibial growth, 60 male rats age 21 days were rendered hypothyroid by administration of methimazole in the drinking water."	( Biphasic response of rat tibial growth to thyroxine administration. Cassorla, F; Huang, Z; Malozowski, S; Ren, SG; Sweet, DE, 1990)	0.28
" One hundred and eighty-six were given a dose adjusted for thyroid size and radioactive iodine uptake (Protocol 1), and a second group received the same dosage followed by antithyroid drug therapy plus potassium iodide for 15 days (Protocol 2)."	( Comparison of RA 131I treatment protocols for Graves' disease. DeGroot, LJ; Mangklabruks, A; McCormick, M, 1990)	0.28
" Each patient received 25 microCi [125I]rT3, iv, in the high T4 state and on day 3 of each IA dosing regimen."	( Does a hidden pool of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) production contribute to total thyroxine (T4) disposal in high T4 states in man. Anderson, KP; LoPresti, JS; Nicoloff, JT, 1990)	0.28
" Furthermore, the slope of the dose-response curves for systolic (2."	( Decreased sensitivity to alpha-adrenergic stimulation in hypothyroid patients. Kennedy, B; Nicod, P; Polikar, R; Smith, J; Ziegler, M, 1990)	0.28
" These findings indicate that high free thyroxine levels and the presence of antibodies that inhibit binding of thyrotropin are useful indexes of the fetal need for antithyroid treatment, and that the thionamide dosage that maintains maternal free thyroxine levels in a mildly thyrotoxic range seems appropriate for maintaining euthyroid status in the fetus."	( Antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease during pregnancy. Optimal regimen for fetal thyroid status. Ishikawa, N; Ito, K; Momotani, N; Noh, J; Oyanagi, H, 1986)	0.27
" GP pituitaries were incubated in vitro and dosed with LHRH and TRH."	( Thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH release and TSH concentration in the guinea pig pituitary, as determined by a heterologous radioimmunoassay. Alex, S; Allen, E; DeVito, WJ; Emerson, CH; Wu, CF, 1989)	0.28
"" The prescribed dosage of levothyroxine as therapy for hypothyroidism is still frequently excessive."	( Evidence of hyperthyroidism in apparently euthyroid patients treated with levothyroxine. Banovac, K; Bilsker, MS; McKenzie, JM; Papic, M; Zakarija, M, 1989)	0.28
" SK&F Wistar rats were dosed orally with omeprazole (up to 500 mg kg-1) or vehicle."	( Studies on the effects of omeprazole on thyroid function in the rat. Atterwill, CK; Brown, CG; Fowler, KL; Jones, CA, 1989)	0.28
" Non-compliance or inadequate dosage of thyroxine are the probable causes of this sub-clinical hypothyroidism."	( Hyperthyrotrophinaemia during thyroxine replacement therapy. Howel-Evans, W; McClelland, P; Stott, A, 1989)	0.28
" The goal of the study was to determine the dosage of vitamin D necessary to prevent rickets without inducing hypercalcemia."	( [Prophylaxis of vitamin D deficiency in hypothyroidism in the newborn infant]. Czernichow, P; Farriaux, JP; Garabedian, M; Leger, J; Tau, C, 1989)	0.28
" For several years following treatment, the patient displayed clinical hypothyroidism and persistently low serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels despite large T4 replacement dosage (0."	( Persistence of low serum thyroid hormone levels in a Graves' disease patient receiving supraphysiologic L-thyroxine replacement therapy. Bregant, R; Burman, KD; Burns, TW; Premachandra, BN; Williams, IK, 1989)	0.28
" In one experiment, different amounts of the inoculum were applied to see if there exists a dose-response relationship."	( Rapid decrease of the peripheral deiodination of thyroxine in malabsorption syndrome in artificially inoculated broilers. Rudas, P; Sályi, G; Szabó, J, )	0.13
" Pregnant rats were dosed with PTU during gestation and/or lactation, and on postnatal day 28, auditory startle responses were measured to determine if PTU altered functional development."	( Relative cerebellar weight: a potential indicator of developmental neurotoxicity. Guerriero, FJ; Toscano, TV; Walker, RF; Weideman, CA, )	0.13
" Once the dosage has been established, a determination of basal TSH suffices in follow-up."	( The usefulness of a sensitive thyrotrophin assay in the fine adjustment of thyroxine therapy following ablation for carcinoma. de Lange, WE; Doorenbos, H; Sluiter, WJ, 1989)	0.28
" The end of the critical period was defined by dosing hypothyroid neonates with T3 daily (0."	( Thyroid hormone regulates alpha and alpha + isoforms of Na,K-ATPase during development in neonatal rat brain. McDonough, AA; Schmitt, CA, 1988)	0.27
" In 6 of 25 patients, however, a discordant behaviour was clearly documented including dose-response curves."	( Prognostic value of thyroid stimulating antibodies and TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins in the follow-up of Graves' disease. Hörmann, R; Mann, K; Müller, R; Saller, B, 1985)	0.27
" This was apparent after a single dose of the compound and was reversible after dosing for 7 days."	( Effects of toxic doses of a novel histamine (H2) antagonist on the rat thyroid gland. Atterwill, CK; Brown, CG; Harland, RF; Major, IR, 1987)	0.27
" Dose-response studies showed that thyroid hormone stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity in vitro was significantly inhibited by as little as 2 x 10(-5) M bepridil and cetiedil."	( Bepridil and cetiedil reversibly inhibit thyroid hormone stimulation in vitro of human red cell Ca2+-ATPase activity. Blas, SD; Davis, FB; Davis, PJ; Dube, MP, 1987)	0.27
" Dose-response curves with NE indicate a reduction of the maximal response after T4 treatment with no change in ED50."	( Chronic thyroxine treatment of rats down-regulates the noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system in cerebral cortex. Schmidt, BH; Schultz, JE, 1985)	0.27
" The T4 distribution space (per 100 g BW) was expanded with increasing dosage by as much as 8-fold in the 50 pmm PCB treatment group."	( Hypothyroidism and abnormalities in the kinetics of thyroid hormone metabolism in rats treated chronically with polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated biphenyl. Byrne, JJ; Carbone, JP; Hanson, EA, 1987)	0.27
" In both dosage groups, TCDD-treatment had the following effects: decreased TT4, FT4, insulin, and glucagon; mixed effects upon TT3, FT3, TSH, and GH."	( Some endocrine and morphological aspects of the acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Arceo, RJ; Gorski, JR; Iatropoulos, MJ; Muzi, G; Pereira, DW; Rozman, K; Weber, LW, 1988)	0.27
"Traditional L-thyroxine dosing formulas may overestimate the thyroid hormone requirement in patients treated with contemporary L-thyroxine preparations."	( L-thyroxine dosage: a reevaluation of therapy with contemporary preparations. Burman, KD; Evaul, JE; Hennessey, JV; Tseng, YC; Wartofsky, L, 1986)	0.27
" Serum free T4 index, free T3 index, and free T4 levels and oral T4 dosage were inferior predictors of TRH responsiveness compared to the basal TSH value."	( Thyrotropin secretion in thyrotoxic and thyroxine-treated patients: assessment by a sensitive immunoenzymometric assay. Doss, RC; Eigen, A; Green, BJ; Guttler, RB; Lai-Rosenfeld, AO; LoPresti, J; Marcus, AO; Nicoloff, JT; Nimalasuriya, A; Spencer, CA, 1986)	0.27
" These findings indicate that the decrease in optimal daily L-thyroxine dosage reported in previous studies is not a universal finding in all elderly hypothyroid patients; the decrease is present only in patients with associated chronic disorders, and hence may be attributed to the presence of an associated chronic disorder or medications consumed for treatment of these disorders rather than old age."	( Variability of L-thyroxine replacement dose in elderly patients with primary hypothyroidism. Kabadi, UM, 1987)	0.27
" Therefore, it was concluded that IRMA-TSH may obviate the need for a TRH test and simplify the evaluation of adequate dosage in patients with congenital hypothyroidism during thyroxine treatment."	( Monitoring treatment of congenital hypothyroidism by highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay for thyroid stimulating hormone. Inomata, H; Nakajima, H; Niimi, H; Sasaki, N; Sato, H, 1987)	0.27
" The reduction in serum T4 levels was established from the earliest time point (2 weeks) throughout the whole dosing period (18-23 weeks)."	( Effects of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl on thyroid function and histology in marmoset monkeys. Brouwer, A; van den Berg, KJ; Zurcher, C, 1988)	0.27
"Thyroxine replacement therapy for 21 adult patients with primary hypothyroidism was adjusted to the dosage at which each patient had a normal thyrotrophin (TSH) response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)."	( Fine adjustment of thyroxine replacement dosage: comparison of the thyrotrophin releasing hormone test using a sensitive thyrotrophin assay with measurement of free thyroid hormones and clinical assessment. Carr, D; McLeod, DT; Parry, G; Thornes, HM, 1988)	0.27
" On Day 15, all rats were dosed iv with [125I]thyroxine (33 microCi/rat)."	( Thyroid and liver trophic changes in rats secondary to liver microsomal enzyme induction caused by an experimental leukotriene antagonist (L-649,923). Bracht, LJ; Eigenberg, DA; Sanders, JE; van Zwieten, MJ; Wang, WR, 1988)	0.27
"25% SRBC at 37 days of age in Trial 1, and a booster of the same dosage was given to half of these chicks at 61 days of age."	( Thiouracil and antibody titers of chickens from lines divergently selected for antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Martin, A; McNabb, FM; Siegel, PB, 1988)	0.27
" There is a lack of controlled prospective trials studying the results of antithyroid drug therapy while considering the many variables such as disease heterogeneity, regional differences, drug dosage and duration of treatment."	( Effects of high and low doses of methimazole in patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis. Alexander, WD; Benker, G; Beyer, J; Creutzig, H; Galvan, G; Hirche, H; Kahály, G; Lazarus, JH; McCruden, D; Reinwein, D, 1987)	0.27
" In addition, a close dose-response relationship was found in the cultures supplemented with T3."	( Effect of thyroid hormones on angiotensinogen production in the rat in vivo and in vitro. Jimenez, E; Montiel, M; Morell, M; Ruiz, M, 1987)	0.27
" We conclude that strict adherence to timing of specimen collection in relation to dosage is probably unnecessary."	( Intra-individual variation of thyroxin, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin in treated hypothyroid patients: implications for monitoring replacement therapy. Bennet, WM; Browning, MC; Jung, RT; Kirkaldy, AJ, 1988)	0.27
"To investigate the dose-response relationship between thyroid hormone and linear growth, we studied 10 castrated prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys."	( Dose-response relationship between thyroid hormone and growth velocity in cynomolgus monkeys. Caruso-Nicoletti, M; Cassorla, F; Cutler, GB; Garcia, H; Malozowski, S; Ren, SG; Simoni, C, 1988)	0.27
" It is advisable, therefore, to employ a dosage of L-T4 that is carefully monitored to avoid the long-term use of dosages that are excessive for the thyroid condition being treated."	( Long-term L-thyroxine therapy is associated with decreased hip bone density in premenopausal women. Baran, DT; Braverman, LE; Kelly, AM; Kerrigan, J; Paul, TL, 1988)	0.27
" These results were most likely due to the low daily dosage administered."	( Amiodarone and thyroid status in refractory arrhythmias. Codecà, L; Colamussi, V; Giganti, M; Giovannini, G; Pelizzola, D; Piffanelli, A; Ricci, L, 1988)	0.27
" In each patient, the serum TSH level had been normal as determined by conventional TSH radioimmunoassay while the patient had been receiving a constant dosage of T4 for at least three months before the study."	( Immunoradiometric assay for basal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels: strategy for the management of thyroxine replacement. Barsano, CP; Garces, J, 1988)	0.27
" The dose-response relationships of bovine and coho salmon TSH were compared and found to be similar."	( Variation in thyroid response to thyroid-stimulating hormone in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Dickhoff, WW; Swanson, P, 1987)	0.27
" Almost linear dose-response relationship was found between the dose of T4 and its biliary excretion up to the dose of 640 micrograms, only smaller increase being observed after 1280 micrograms T4."	( Studies on in-vivo capacity of thyroxine deiodinating system in rat liver: biliary excretion of several iodothyronines after increasing loading doses of thyroxine. Földes, O; Gschwendtová, K; Langer, P, 1987)	0.27
" Return of TT4 and FT4 to normal values by day 32 after TCDD dosage also occurred in a dose-dependent manner, except in rats that died later."	( Dose-response and time course of hypothyroxinemia and hypoinsulinemia and characterization of insulin hypersensitivity in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated rats. Gorski, JR; Rozman, K, 1987)	0.27
" As the dosage decreases to a certain level, a low-limit dose incapable of inducing cancers may be present."	( Study on late effects of radioiodine on rats. Chi, YC; Fu, CS; Gao, FM; Li, ZK; Liu, XT; Liu, ZH; Song, YF; Wei, LX, 1986)	0.27
" During the follow-up period a transient rise in T4 and T3 concentrations was observed in two patients in Group I when the methimazole dosage was tapered or stopped because of agranulocytosis."	( Effect of amiodarone on serum T4 and T3 levels in hyperthyroid patients treated with methimazole. Decoster, C; Unger, J; Van Reeth, O, 1987)	0.27
" Drug dosage was generally much in excess of that normally recommended, though there were no serious side effects at the time of the study."	( Drug abuse in body builders in the West of Scotland. McKillop, G, 1987)	0.27
" A transient decrease in total T4, elevation in the T3 resin uptake and consequent increase in the free T4 index (FT4I) were seen 2-5 h after ingestion of frusemide at a chronic morning dosage of 80, 120 or 250 mg."	( Effect of oral frusemide on diagnostic indices of thyroid function. Hamblin, PS; Lim, CF; Long, F; Newnham, HH; Stockigt, JR; Topliss, DJ, 1987)	0.27
"05) for females dosed at 1200 and 2400 ppm for 18 mo and for males dosed at 600, 1200, or 2400 ppm sulfamethazine for 24 mo than for those dosed at levels of 40 ppm or less."	( Influence of oral administration of sulfamethazine on thyroid hormone levels in Fischer 344 rats. Fullerton, FR; Kushmaul, RJ; Littlefield, NA; Suber, RL, 1987)	0.27
" In other cases, dosing of the free hormones T3 and T4 remains a vital supplementary test."	( [Thyroid biological evaluation: critical study]. Heshmati, HM; Izembart, M; Nasser, H; Vallée, G, 1987)	0.27
" As a single test, serum TSH is therefore not very useful for the assessment of adequate thyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism."	( Free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin concentrations in hypothyroid and thyroid carcinoma patients receiving thyroxine therapy. Helenius, T; Lamberg, BA; Liewendahl, K; Mähönen, H; Wägar, G, 1987)	0.27
" The dose-response curve to thyroxin was shallow, and the agent did not produce maximal resorption."	( Indomethacin inhibits thrombin-, but not thyroxin-stimulated resorption of fetal rat limb bones. Hoffmann, O; Klaushofer, K; Koller, K; Mavreas, T; Peterlik, M; Stern, P, 1986)	0.27
" Criterion of adequate LT4 dosage was a negative TRH test after dose titration in increments of 25 micrograms/d."	( [Optimization of levothyroxine treatment. Dosage dependence on the existing parenchymal mass, age, body weight and fasting intake]. Wenzel, KW, 1986)	0.27
"Ligand binding characteristics of rat liver microsomal type I iodothyronine deiodinase were evaluated by measuring dose-response inhibition and apparent Michaelis-Menten or inhibitor constants of iodothyronine analogues to compete as substrates or inhibitors for the natural substrate L-thyroxine."	( Rat liver iodothyronine monodeiodinase. Evaluation of the iodothyronine ligand-binding site. Auf'mkolk, M; Cody, V; Hesch, RD; Koehrle, J; Rokos, H, 1986)	0.27
"In order to appreciate the value of the dosage of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the reappraisal of the classification of hypothyroidism after the onset of substitutive treatment and the supervision of patients treated with L-thyroxin (LT), plasma Tg and FT4 levels were studied in 42 samples from 21 hypothyroid children (ages ranging from 18 months to 16 years) under LT treatment."	( [Plasma thyroglobulin in treated hypothyroidism in children]. Battin, J; Colle, M; Latapie, MJ, 1986)	0.27
" However, to normalize the response of UCP, T3 has to be given in a dosage that produces systemic hyperthyroidism."	( Intracellular conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine is required for the optimal thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue. Bianco, AC; Silva, JE, 1987)	0.27
" L-thyroxine dosage was adjusted cautiously in these high risk individuals to achieve serum thyroxine levels within the reference range of euthyroid individuals taking amiodarone: the mean dosage required was 136 micrograms/day."	( Thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy. Albert, SG; Alves, LE; Rose, EP, 1987)	0.27
" In 20 congenitally hypothyroid children, substitutive opotherapy was completely withdrawn for 1 month, resumed in the original dosage for 2 months, and then increased by 20% from day 91 to day 110."	( Modification of nonspecific bronchial reactivity in hypothyroid children under different regimens of substitutive opotherapy. Alonge, C; Bernardi, F; Cacciari, E; Cerimoniale, G; Criscione, S; Macri, F; Ronchetti, R; Villa, MP, )	0.13
" At 14 days after dosing all TCDD-dosed animals were hypothyroid in terms of T4 but essentially euthyroid in terms of T3."	( Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cold-adapted rats. Greim, H; Rozman, K, 1986)	0.27
" Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that the dosage of thionamide compounds and the duration of therapy with the initial doses necessary to induce euthyroidism may vary in various parts of the world."	( Environmental iodine intake affects the response to methimazole in patients with diffuse toxic goiter. Azizi, F, 1985)	0.27
" A dose-response curve was determined."	( Evidence of direct thyroid-stimulating action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by perifusion of rat thyroid fragments. Attali, JR; Darnis, D; Perret, G; Sebaoun, J; Valensi, P, 1985)	0.27
" These abnormal TSH responses normalized on adjusting the L-T4 dosage alone; prolonged therapy with the same dose failed to normalize TSH responses."	( Normal thyrotrophin response to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone administration: the best index of optimal L-thyroxine therapy in primary hypothyroidism. Kabadi, UM, 1985)	0.27
" Sixty per cent (45) of the group studied had had either the wrong diagnosis or an incorrect maintenance dosage, 28% (21) did not need thyroid treatment after the withdrawal test, and 32% (24) had been prescribed an incorrect maintenance dosage of thyroxine as judged by the results of the initial estimation of thyroxine concentration."	( Evaluation of long term thyroid replacement treatment. Swansea Vocational Training Scheme. , 1985)	0.27
" hGRF was therefore administered at a dosage of 100 micrograms twice a day subcutaneously for three months."	( Effects of hGRF treatment of a patient with hGRF deficiency. Hizuka, N; Shizume, K; Takano, K; Tanaka, I, 1985)	0.27
"2% PTU diets, and a dose-response relationship was established."	( Propylthiouracil causes phase delays and circadian period lengthening in male and female hamsters. Gavin, ML; Morin, LP; Ottenweller, JE, 1986)	0.27
" This dosage regimen, followed by 42 days of a regular diet, resulted in 33% mortality with a mean time to death of 67 +/- 4 days."	( Reduced serum thyroid hormone levels in hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria. Gorski, JR; Parkinson, A; Rozman, K; Rozman, P, 1986)	0.27
" Dose-response effects were seen for the increase of fT4, fT3 and T3."	( Effects of small doses of bovine TSH on serum levels of free and total thyroid hormones, their degradation products, and diiodotyrosine. Benker, G; Meinhold, H; Olbricht, T; Reinwein, D; Splittstösser, C, 1985)	0.27
"1 mU (ip, daily for 3 days), and there was a linear dose-response thereafter."	( Characterization of thyrotropin-induced increase in iodothyronine monodeiodinating activity in mice. Florsheim, WH; Reggio, R; Wu, SY, 1985)	0.27
" The patient relapsed after an erroneous iatrogenic tripling of the levothyroxine dosage, but her condition normalized after dosage correction."	( Acute organic psychosis caused by thyrotoxicosis and vitamin B12 deficiency: case report. Ewald, H; Lassen, E, 1985)	0.27
" Late hypothyroidism after individualized dosage may be difficult to anticipate and detect, whereas early hypothyroidism after ablative standard dose treatment is easy to detect and control."	( Treatment of hyperthyroidism with standard doses of radioiodine aiming at ablation. Eriksson, E; Eriksson, K; Wahlberg, P, 1985)	0.27
" The present study explored the relationship between serum T3 and T4 and dosage of L-thyroxine."	( 'Chemical hyperthyroidism': the significance of elevated serum thyroxine levels in L-thyroxine treated individuals. Rendell, M; Salmon, D, 1985)	0.27
"In 23 patients with symptomatic severe supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias the effectiveness and the side effects of a long-term therapy with the class III antiarrhythmic drug Amiodarone (Cordarone) in a dosage of 100-800 mg/die in monotherapy and combination therapy were investigated."	( [Long-term therapy with amiodarone in tachyarrhythmias--report on various experiences with special reference to its side effects]. Assmann, I, 1985)	0.27
" All these subjects had normal thyroid function before antibiotic dosing and none had thyroid function abnormalities."	( Effect of aminoglycosides on the disposition of thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin. du Souich, P; Larochelle, P; Morisset, R; Pedneault, L; Phaneuf, D; Pison, C; Poisson, M; Vega, C, 1985)	0.27
" Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized TCDD-dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight."	( Thyroid hormones modulate the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Greim, H; Pazdernik, T; Rozman, K; Rozman, T; Scheufler, E, 1985)	0.27
" The mean daily dosage of PTU was 827 (n=11) and of MMI was 88 (n=8)."	( Triiodothyronine and thyroxine in hyperthyroidism. Comparison of the acute changes during therapy with antithyroid agents. Abuid, J; Larsen, PR, 1974)	0.25
" The dose-response curves of inhibition of the binding of [(125)I]rT(3) to antibody obtained by serial dilutions of serum extracts were essentially parallel to the standard assay curve."	( A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3). Chopra, IJ, 1974)	0.25
" No detectable change in T(4) deiodination rate was observed with these agents in the dosage ranges employed in this study."	( A new method for the measurement of acute alterations in thyroxine deiodination rate in man. Nicoloff, JT, 1970)	0.25
" This diabetes insipidus is reversible, non-progressive, unrelated to plasma level, and distinct in attack from lithium-induced hypothyroidism, which may occur at low dosage but is also usually of late onset and reversible or treatable with thyroxine while lithium is continued."	( Blood levels and management of lithium treatment. Crammer, JL; Crane, G; Rosser, RM, 1974)	0.25
" Serum percentage of iodine uptake, total thyroxine, free thoraxine, and weight changes in 38 women taking combination oral contraceptives and 27 taking low dosage progestagens were studied."	( Thyroid functions of women taking oral contraceptives. Barsivala, V; Virkar, K, 1974)	0.25
" Response to TRH was determined before treatment and after each dosage of a synthetic combination of T(3) + T(4) had been given for 3-4 wk."	( Inhibition of thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone by small quantities of thyroid hormones. Snyder, PJ; Utiger, RD, 1972)	0.25
" Dose-response relationships of a vacriety of thyronine derivatives indicate that this system has a specificity of response which is similar to that observed in vitro."	( Thyroid hormone action: a cell-culture system responsive to physiological concentrations of thyroid hormones. Cintron, R; Samuels, HH; Tsai, JS, 1973)	0.25
" There was no significant difference in the dose of PTE required to attain normocalcemia nor in the dose-response relations between the plasma calcium concentration and the PTE dose."	( Pathogenesis of hypocalcemia in magnesium depletion. Normal end-organ responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. Csima, A; Fraser, D; Suh, SM, 1971)	0.25
" This index appears to be sensitive and safe and results in a reduction in the required dosage of triiodothyronine."	( Thyroid suppression test with serum thyroxine concentration as index of suppression. Ekins, RP; Ellis, SM; Williams, ES, 1969)	0.25
"Administration of phenobarbital to rats in a dosage schedule previously demonstrated to increase hepatocellular binding of thyroxine results in increased hormonal turnover, due both to increased deiodination and to fecal disposition of thyroxine iodine."	( Increased thyroxine turnover and thyroidal function after stimulation of hepatocellular binding of thyroxine by phenobarbital. Bernstein, G; Oppenheimer, JH; Surks, MI, 1968)	0.25
" Quinidine inhibited T3 formation, with a dose-response curve which was similar over the concentrations studied to that of DL-propranolol."	( Inhibition by propranolol of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine formation from thyroxine in isolated rat renal tubules: an effect independent of beta-adrenergic blockade. Campbell, DG; Heyma, P; Larkins, RG, 1980)	0.26
" A preliminary investigation was conducted to establish an effective dosage of thyroid hormone."	( The effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular hyperplasia. Cascarano, J; Wooten, WL, 1980)	0.26
"Appropriate dosage of levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism is assessed by determining the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration in secondary and tertiary types."	( Laboratory tests for evaluating thyroid therapy. Kabadi, UM, 1982)	0.26
" These results support the hypothesis that large antithyroid drug doses may have greater immunosuppressive effects than low dosage regimens."	( Comparison of effects of high and low dosage regimens of antithyroid drugs in the management of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Bromberg, N; Farah, CS; Reis, LC; Rodrigues, HF; Romaldini, JH; Tanaka, LM; Werner, MC; Werner, RS, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response relationship between rat, toad, and Lata fish after T4 treatment (1 microgram/g) revealed that the poikilothermic vertebrates (toad and Lata fish) were more responsive than homoiotherm (rat) so far as the T4-induced increase in liver protein, RNA, and DNA are concerned."	( Comparative study on the effects of thyroxine on protein, RNA and DNA contents of liver of different vertebrates at different stages of life. Medda, AK; Paul, AK, 1983)	0.27
" The exceedingly long and variable elimination half-life of amiodarone necessitates individualized loading and maintenance dosage regimens, and the latency of onset of antiarrhythmic action during oral therapy is not shortened by intravenous bolus injections or sustained infusions."	( The clinical results of amiodarone in cardiac arrhythmias: optimal dosing. Ikeda, N; Kannan, R; Nademanee, K; Singh, BN, 1984)	0.27
" The medium-dose regimen (total dosage per cycle: 192 mg of CPA) is more effective than the low-dose regimen (42 mg of CPA per cycle) in the treatment of patients with moderate hyperandrogenism who do not require the high-dose oral standard antiandrogen therapy (1000 mg of CP A per cycle)."	( [Medium-dose oral cyproterone acetate therapy in women with moderate androgenization. Results of a multicenter double-blind study]. Kaiser, E; Moltz, L, 1984)	0.27
" Dose-response studies conducted with T4 showed that maximal stimulatory response was obtained at 10(-10) M)."	( Rabbit myocardial membrane Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase activity: stimulation in vitro by thyroid hormone. Blas, SD; Davis, FB; Davis, PJ; Mylotte, KM; Rudinger, A, 1984)	0.27
" IPR administered to euthyroid rats in a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day for 4 days induced cardiomegaly."	( Study of the factors influencing cardiac growth. I. Comparison of cardiomegaly induced by isoproterenol in euthyroid and thyroidectomized rats. Nosztray, K; Szabó, J; Szegi, J; Takács, IE, 1984)	0.27
" The optimal substitution dosage most commonly applied, was on the average of 150 micrograms daily."	( [Clinical trial of sodium levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism in adults (author's transl)]. Charbonnel, B; Guillon, J, )	0.13
" Significant changes in the thyroid parenchyma proper and in the population of parafollicular or C cells were recorded in response to the increased dosage of the substance injected."	( [Morphofunctional changes in the thyroid glands of rats following lithium chloride administration]. Glumova, VA; Kuznetsova, VM; Petrov, NM; Semenov, VV, 1981)	0.26
" Modern biological tests can establish the diagnosis, even in subclinical cases, and can also ensure close supervision of dosage to avoid long-term adverse effects of too low or too high dosage regimens."	( [Treatment of primary hypothyroidism in adults : dosage schedule and biological surveillance (author's transl)]. Brindisi, G; Heim, M; San Marco, JL; Simonin, R, )	0.13
" Tapering propranolol dosage is frequently used in the hope of preventing adverse withdrawal events but the success of such a maneuver has not been shown."	( Prevention of propranolol withdrawal mechanism by prolonged small dose propranolol schedule. Lutterodt, A; Nattel, S; Rangno, RE, 1982)	0.26
"303 patients with non-toxic goitre (aged 14-85 years) were studied to determine the extent to which the level of thyroid-hormone dosage until a negative TRH test is reached can be defined in terms of age, body surface area and goitre size."	( [Determination of the optimal L-thyroxine dosage for treating nontoxic goiter]. Albrecht, W; Biersack, HJ; Oehr, P; Rasche, A; Winkler, C, 1983)	0.27
" Serious adverse effects occurred nearly always in association with four- to fivefold increases of rT3 above baseline values, and disappeared when such levels fell as a result of dosage reduction or after temporary drug discontinuation."	( Amiodarone and thyroid function: clinical implications during antiarrhythmic therapy. Nademanee, K; Singh, BN, 1983)	0.27
" TSH administration to embryos and chicks resulted in similar time-course and dose-response characteristics, as judged by the thyroid 32P uptake response."	( Responses to thyrotropin during development in Japanese quail. Hughes, TE; McNabb, FM; Stanton, FW; Weirich, RT, 1984)	0.27
" A dose-response curve was plotted and the kinetic pattern of the response was studied."	( [Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the secretion of T4 by perfused thyroid fragments from rats]. Attali, JR; Darnis, D; Sebaoun, J; Valensi, P, 1984)	0.27
" The patients were striking either because of a disturbed thyroid feed back mechanism or by the need of an increased dosage of L-thyroxine (500 microgram) for treatment."	( [Determination of thyroid hormone antibodies and their clinical relevance (author's transl)]. Federlin, K; Grebe, S; Helmke, K; Mäser, E; Teuber, J, 1981)	0.26
" The thyroxine dosage leads to only a temporary increase in foetal thyroid gland hormones."	( [Effect of intra-amnial thyroxine administration in the fetus]. Dudenhausen, JW, 1984)	0.27
" We have found a wide dosage range, being not possible to find any significant difference between ranges leading to normal and ranges leading to pathological findings, thus making impossible to suggest a reasonably safe dosage pro kg."	( [Hormonal therapy of congenital hypothyroidism in childhood]. Bianchi, C; Bollati, A; Focarile, F; Rondanini, GF, )	0.13
" Changes were dependent on T4 dosage level."	( The effect of repeated administration of L-thyroxine on the activity of certain enzymes in the blood plasma of hens. Konecka, AM; Majewska, H; Witowski, A, 1983)	0.27
"Chemical thyroidectomy effectively protected athyroid rats from mortality during 45 days after dosing with 100 micrograms 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg, whereas 70 to 80% of nonthyroidectomized-euthyroid and thyroidectomized-T4 (thyroxine)-maintained-euthyroid rats died within the same period of time."	( Effect of thyroidectomy and thyroxine on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicity. Greim, H; Rozman, K; Rozman, T, 1984)	0.27
" We present a dihydrotachysterol-calcium treated patient with post-operative hypothyroidism, who developed hypercalcaemia, when the thyroxine dosage was increased."	( Hypercalcaemia induced by increased thyroxine substitution in a patient treated with dihydrotachysterol. Dymling, JF; Hallengren, B; Spjuth, J, 1984)	0.27
" A dose-response relationship existed between the hTSH dose injected and the duration and magnitude of suppression of rabbit TSH."	( Autoregulatory control of thyrotropin in rabbits. Kakita, T; Laborde, NP; Odell, WD, 1984)	0.27
" Our preliminary results also suggested that there was a direct glucagon effect on thyroid hormone secretion with a dose-response correlation."	( Use of the perifusion technique on rat thyroid fragments in the study of thyroid hormone secretion: short-term effects of thyrotrophin, theophylline and glucagon. Attali, JR; Darnis, D; Sebaoun, J; Valensi, P; Weisselberg, C, 1984)	0.27
" Group I dosage was based on the reported T4 production rate in dogs and is slightly greater than the reported production rate in man."	( Thyroid replacement in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs. Bonner, EL; Gustafson, LE; Hulter, HN; Mackie, S; Toto, RD, 1984)	0.27
" Definite dose-response relations were found for rT3."	( Dose related effects of betamethasone on iodothyronines and thyroid hormone-binding proteins in serum. Gamstedt, A; Järnerot, G; Kågedal, B, 1981)	0.26
" Administration of exogenous T3 followed by sequential testing with boluses of TRH revealed retention of TSH responsiveness in both daughter and mother during pretreatment with dosage regimens of T3 below 125 micrograms daily."	( Familial insensitivity of the pituitary and periphery to thyroid hormone: a case report in two generations and a review of the literature. Alexander, N; Island, DP; Linde, R; Rabin, D, 1982)	0.26
" The mean basal metabolic rate, serum cholesterol, and serum creatine phosphokinase were altered by the week of therapy in a dose-response manner, and were in the normal range in G-II."	( Rapid pituitary and peripheral tissue responses to intravenous L-triiodothyronine in hypothyroidism. Goldenheim, PD; Ladenson, PW; Ridgway, EC, 1983)	0.27
" Administration of 12 IU of oPRL in conjunction with the same dosage of TSH prevented the TSH-induced rise in T4, without affecting serum T3 levels."	( Prolactin--thyroid interaction in Fundulus heteroclitus. Brown, CL; Stetson, MH, 1983)	0.27
" High pretreatment T3 values were comparatively common among patients in whom a fixed CMI dosage had a insufficient effect."	( Studies of thyroid hormone and methimazole levels in patients with Graves' disease on a standardized anti-thyroid drug regimen. Dahlberg, PA; Karlsson, FA; Lindström, B; Wide, L, 1981)	0.26
" An exponential dose-response relation was obtained between NADPH and T3 generated."	( On the role of NADPH and glutathione in the catalytic mechanism of hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodination. Maruyama, S; Nomura, K; Sato, T, 1981)	0.26
" A dose-response relationship between triiodothyronine (T3) production and NADPH in vitro showed similar age-related changes, whereas dose-dependency of T3-formation on GSH was decreasing with age, especially under the presence of 1 mM NADPH."	( Correlation of hepatic thyroxine 5'-monodeiodination with hexose monophosphate shunt in young rats. Maruyama, S; Saida, K; Sato, T; Takata, I, 1982)	0.26
" In addition, in five patients the area under the plasma propranolol concentration versus time curve during a dosing interval increased significantly from 405 ng/ml/h when hyperthyroid to 778 ng/ml/h when euthyroid."	( Plasma propranolol steady state concentrations in thyroid disorders. Crooks, J; Feely, J; Stevenson, IH, 1981)	0.26
" The amount of isoproterenol required to increase the heart rate by 25 beats/min was determined at each dosage level."	( Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol in conscious euthyroid and thyrotoxic calves: dosage requirements and effects on heart rate and left ventricular performance. Goldman, S; Mayersohn, M; Morkin, E; Olajos, M; Perrier, D; Pieniaszek, H, 1981)	0.26
" DL-thyroxine at a dosage of ."	( Dependency of maximum goitrogenic response on some minimal level of thyroid hormone production. March, BE; Poon, R, 1981)	0.26
"Intramuscular injection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) at a dosage level of 50 microgram/kg of body weight caused death in Dutch rabbits."	( Modification of lethality induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in Dutch rabbits. Liu, CT; Sanders, RP, 1980)	0.26
"00 ppm had poorer weight gain and feed efficiency than controls, but T4 at that same dosage did not adversely affect performance."	( Effect of dietary thyroid hormone on growth and feed efficiency of broilers. May, JD, 1980)	0.26
" In such a group, lower initial dosages and gradual increases in dosage may be indicated."	( Thyroid-induced mania in hypothyroid patients. Josephson, AM; Mackenzie, TB, 1980)	0.26
" Posttherapeutic evaluation was based on peak serum concentrations of T3 and T4, pretreatment (basal) thyroid hormone values, type of replacement therapy, dosage and time of sampling after treatment, concurrent clinical problems, and, most important, clinical response to thyroid replacement therapy."	( Canine hypothyroidism: a retrospective study of 108 cases. Izzo, J; Nesbitt, GH; Peterson, L; Wilkins, RJ, 1980)	0.26
"The authors have dosed by radioimmunoassay the rT3 concentrations in the amniotic fluid of 12 normal pregnant women and of 25 women with high risk pregnancies at the same period of gestation."	( Amniotic fluid reverse triiodothyronine in normal and high risk pregnancies. Bizzarro, A; De Placido, G; Parlati, O; Tedeschi, A; Tolino, A, 1980)	0.26
" In the case of congenital hypothyroidism (n = 37) application of sodium selenite in the above specified dosage yielded a mean serum selenium increase (0."	( Sodium selenite therapy and thyroid-hormone status in cystic fibrosis and congenital hypothyroidism. Dawczynski, H; Jahreis, G; Janitzky, E; Kauf, E; Winnefeld, K, 1994)	0.29
" He was essentially asymptomatic and suffered no apparent ill effects from this prolonged and markedly excessive dosage of l-thyroxine."	( L-thyroxine overdose: a case of marked, severe, prolonged, excess ingestion and review of the literature. Geatti, O; Gross, MD; Shapiro, B, 1993)	0.29
" The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the dose-response relationship for thyroid function alterations in female Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic treatment with TCDD."	( Alterations in thyroid function in female Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Clark, GC; Flagler, N; Lucier, GW; Maronpot, RM; Sewall, CH; Tritscher, AM; Vanden Heuvel, JP, 1995)	0.29
" This rise coincided with the end of the period of maximum dosage of L-thyroxine."	( Bone mineral metabolism and thyroid replacement therapy in congenital hypothyroid infants and young children. Bellini, A; Bosco, M; Chiumello, G; di Natale, B; Mora, S; Prinster, C; Siragusa, V; Weber, G, 1995)	0.29
" Female turkeys, 8 weeks of age, were dually cannulated via the right jugular for intermittent (10 min every 2 hr) infusion of tGH at a low dosage (4."	( Responses to exogenous pulsatile turkey growth hormone by growing 8-week-old female turkeys. Bacon, WL; Long, DW; Vasilatos-Younken, R, 1995)	0.29
" The dosage of levothyroxine given to these patients was increased by an average of 36 micrograms and returned to earlier levels after delivery."	( Hypothyroid women need more thyroxine when pregnant. Maclin, N; McDougall, IR, 1995)	0.29
" There were dose-response relations between smoking and serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol, serum creatine kinase concentrations, and ankle-reflex time in the women with overt hypothyroidism, and between smoking and serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol in the women with subclinical hypothyroidism."	( Impaired action of thyroid hormone associated with smoking in women with hypothyroidism. Huber, P; Müller, B; Ratcliffe, JG; Staub, JJ; Zulewski, H, 1995)	0.29
" However, more research is needed to determine the ideal thyroid stimulating hormone levels which should be aimed for in these patients, and whether tight control of thyroxine dosage is able to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients with hypothyroidism."	( Do abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone level values result in treatment changes? A study of patients on thyroxine in one general practice. De Whalley, P, 1995)	0.29
" After switching, each patient continued to receive the same dosage as previously."	( Assessment of interchangeability of two brands of levothyroxine preparations with a third-generation TSH assay. Arem, N; Arem, R; Escalante, DA, 1995)	0.29
" The results show that the dose-response for decreased TdO and PEPCK activity and elevated serum tryptophan levels are similar if not the same as the dose-response for subchronic retardation of body weight increase."	( Subchronic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and their reversibility in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Li, X; Rozman, KK, 1995)	0.29
" All concentrations of PCB depressed circulating T4 levels and ChAT activity in a dose-response manner, but did not modify T3 levels."	( Thyroxine normalizes polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dose-related depression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in hippocampus and basal forebrain of 15-day-old rats. Juárez de Ku, LM; Meserve, LA; Sharma-Stokkermans, M, )	0.13
" Both repeated dosing of HCB and single doses of PCP caused decreased uptake of [125I]T4 into CSF, total brain tissue as well as specific brain structures, such as occipital cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus."	( Reduction of thyroxine uptake into cerebrospinal fluid and rat brain by hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol. Frijters, CM; Kong, LW; Notten, WR; van den Berg, KJ; van Raaij, JA, )	0.13
" For further elucidation we evaluated iodothyronine and circadian TSH levels in GH-deficient patients as part of a GH dose-response study."	( Growth hormone administration stimulates energy expenditure and extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in a dose-dependent manner and suppresses circadian thyrotrophin levels: studies in GH-deficient adults. Christiansen, JS; Jørgensen, JO; Laursen, T; Møller, J; Orskov, H; Weeke, J, 1994)	0.29
" Peak GH levels were recorded at 5 or 15 min after dosing with the levels returning to near baseline by 90 min."	( Effects of acute and repeated intravenous administration of L-692,585, a novel non-peptidyl growth hormone secretagogue, on plasma growth hormone, IGF-1, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, insulin, and thyroxine levels in beagles. Chen, H; Feeney, W; Fisher, M; Hickey, G; Jacks, T; Judith, F; Krupa, D; Ok, D; Schoen, W; Taylor, J, 1994)	0.29
"A bolus dose of methimazole (MMI) was administered IV over 1 minute to 5 healthy adult dogs at a dosage (40 mg/kg of body weight) known to impart protection against cisplatin-induced renal disease."	( Pharmacokinetics and short-term clinicopathologic changes after intravenous administration of a high dose of methimazole in dogs. Elfarra, AA; Hutson, PR; Panciera, DL; Vail, DM, 1994)	0.29
" Thyroidectomized (THX) stags (n = 4) of mixed age (> 22 months old) were given a replacement dosage of T4 or vehicle only (controls) during spring (from 7 September)."	( Thyroid hormones are required for the expression of seasonal changes in red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags. Barrell, GK; Shi, ZD, 1994)	0.29
" L-T4 treatment resulted in reduction in BMDs in the lumbar spine, tail, and femur as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, but there was no correlation with the dosage of L-T4 or the serum T4 level."	( A rat model of thyroid hormone-induced bone loss: effect of antiresorptive agents on regional bone density and osteocalcin gene expression. Kung, AW; Ng, F, 1994)	0.29
" The study aimed at establishing proper dosage and assaying blood serum T4, T3, and TSH levels."	( [Outcome of treating hypothyroidism with thyreoideum]. Horst-Sikorska, W; Kosowicz, J; Lacka, K, )	0.13
" He was treated with thyroxine but became thyrotoxic at 3 months of age when he was on a dosage of 85 micrograms/m2 of body surface area."	( Transient congenital hypothyroidism due to maternal thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulin. Cowell, C; Donaghue, K; Luttrell, B; Schwingshandl, J; Silink, M; Ward, P, 1993)	0.29
" There were no differences in the etiology of CH, in the mean T4 and T3 serum levels or in the mean LT4 treatment dosage between the two groups."	( Early identification of congenital hypothyroid infants with abnormalities in pituitary setpoint for T4-induced TSH release. Eldar, D; Kaiserman, I; Sack, J, 1993)	0.29
" To assess the potential impact of impurities the study was performed both with pure and technical grade PCP at the dosage of 3 mg."	( Effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the pituitary and thyroidal hormone regulation in the rat. Eckard, R; Jekat, FW; Meisel, ML; Winterhoff, H, 1994)	0.29
"We performed the dosing experiment to establish whether estrogen administration has any beneficial effects on the mass and the turnover of bone in ovariectomized rats taking a mild dose of thyroxin."	( The effect of 17 beta-estradiol treatment on the mass and the turnover of bone in ovariectomized rats taking a mild dose of thyroxin. Kanou, A; Miura, T; Nakamura, T; Ohara, H; Suzuki, K; Yamaura, M, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves of phase angle versus thyroxine concentration are comparable to steady-state intensity curves."	( Homogeneous model immunoassay of thyroxine by phase-modulation fluorescence spectroscopy. Britz, J; Joshi, J; Koen, PA; Lakowicz, JR; Malak, H; Ozinskas, AJ; Szmacinski, H; Thompson, RB, 1993)	0.29
" However, the Z-scores of the various regional BMDs were correlated only with the serum osteocalcin level and showed no correlation with the serum thyroxine level or with the dosage or duration of thyroxine treatment."	( Thyroxine suppressive therapy decreases bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Kung, AW; Lorentz, T; Tam, SC, 1993)	0.29
"Sixty patients undergoing operation for nontoxic nodular goiter were randomized in two groups: (1) thirty-two were administered levothyroxine at substitutive dosage (100 micrograms) or placebo and (2) twenty-eight were given levothyroxine at suppressive dosage (2."	( Prospective, randomized, double-blind study about effectiveness of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in prevention of recurrence after operation: result at the third year of follow-up. Alberti, B; Antonelli, A; Baschieri, L; Gambuzza, C; Iacconi, P; Miccoli, P, 1993)	0.29
" He was started on sodium levothyroxine for thyroid hormone replacement; the dosage was adjusted in accordance with subsequent TSH measurements."	( Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. Jaffe, CA; Khanderia, U; Theisen, V, 1993)	0.29
" In the dose-response studies, a biphasic increase in medium IGF-I was observed in both cells and limb bones, with peak stimulatory concentrations of 10(-8) M for T3 and 10(-7) M for T4 in both systems."	( Thyroid hormones increase insulin-like growth factor I content in the medium of rat bone tissue. Caplice, MD; Khanna, V; Lakatos, P; Stern, PH, 1993)	0.29
" These patients were treated with thyroid gland desiccant, with a dosage equivalent to L-thyroxin 5-7."	( Experience in neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Cao, QX; Zhang, YQ, 1993)	0.29
" The dosage was doubled for the next 3 weeks (phase 2)."	( Comparison of the metabolic and endocrine effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid and thyroxine. Bracco, D; Burger, AG; Jéquier, E; Liang, H; Morin, O; Schutz, Y, 1993)	0.29
" In cardiac failure secondary to hyperthyroidism, great care must be taken in prescribing beta-blockers and diuretics; dosage of digitalis preparations may need to be increased."	( Thyroid disease. Stockigt, JR, 1993)	0.29
"Levothyroxine is a reliable and commonly prescribed drug to treat thyroid disease, but excessive dosage may have adverse effects."	( Levothyroxine therapy in patients with thyroid disease. Brent, GA; Larsen, PR; Mandel, SJ, 1993)	0.29
"Very preterm infants (less than 30 weeks' gestational age) were treated with thyroxine in three different dosage schemes: 10, 8 and 6 micrograms."	( Thyroxine administration to infants of less than 30 weeks' gestational age does not increase plasma triiodothyronine concentrations. de Vijlder, JJ; Endert, E; Kok, JH; van Wassenaer, AG; Vulsma, T, 1993)	0.29
"Prednisone was given orally to 12 dogs daily for 35 days at an anti-inflammatory dosage (1."	( Effects of oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone on thyroid hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin in clinically normal dogs. Ferguson, DC; Hoenig, M; Moore, GE, 1993)	0.29
"Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) residue levels in dosed rats (50."	( Body distribution and endocrine toxicity of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the female rat. Foster, WG; Lecavalier, PR; McMahon, A; Pentick, JA, )	0.13
"06% of the injected dosage per gram."	( 241Am-induced thyroid lesions in the beagle. Bruenger, FW; Lloyd, RD; Miller, SC; Taylor, GN, 1993)	0.29
" The insulin dosage was decreased by 60 to 62% during the ensuing months and good glycemic control was obtained at these lower insulin dosages in all dogs."	( Insulin resistance in three dogs with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Feldman, EC; Ford, SL; Nelson, RW; Niwa, D, 1993)	0.29
" Parameter values were estimated by fitting time-course data for a single oral subcutaneous injection of TCDD and dose-response data for biweekly oral dosing."	( A mechanistic model of effects of dioxin on thyroid hormones in the rat. Kohn, MC; Lucier, GW; Portier, CJ; Sewall, CH, 1996)	0.29
" Results showed a dose-dependent uptake of radioactivity in plasma and liver, fetal plasma 14C-levels being about five-times higher in 10 mg/kg dosed animals as after 1 mg/kg."	( Binding of a 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB-77) metabolite to fetal transthyretin and effects on fetal thyroid hormone levels in mice. Brouwer, A; Darnerud, PO; Klasson-Wehler, E; Morse, D, 1996)	0.29
"009) and levothyroxine dosage (184 +/- 59."	( Excessive thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Christensen, DB; Ellsworth, A; Nuovo, J; Reynolds, R, )	0.13
" Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and the acid-labile subunit (ALS) were measured in 46 GHD men participating in a 1-yr, double blind, and placebo-controlled dose-response study."	( Monitoring of growth hormone replacement therapy in adults, based on measurement of serum markers. Baxter, RC; Blok, GJ; de Boer, H; Popp-Snijders, C; Stuurman, L; van der Veen, E, 1996)	0.29
" Any changes in metabolism elicited by either dietary protein levels or hormone treatments may be specific to the particular dosing interval and are not sustained when a common diet is fed during a repletion period."	( Carry-over effects of dietary crude protein and triiodothyronine (T3) in broiler chickens. McMurtry, JP; Mitchell, AD; Rosebrough, RW, 1996)	0.29
"Sample preparation procedures using octadecyl (C18) extraction disks were developed to obtain accurate and reproducible results for determinations of clenbuterol(20 micrograms per dose) and levothyroxine (100 micrograms per dose) in dissolution media of solid oral dosage forms."	( Application of extraction disks in dissolution tests of clenbuterol and levothyroxine tablets by capillary electrophoresis. Carducci, CN; Fernández Otero, GC; Lucangioli, SE; Rodríguez, VG, 1996)	0.29
" Thyroxine dosage was reduced by 25 or 50 micrograms of L-thyroxine and patients were reviewed six months later."	( Feasibility of reducing L-thyroxine dose in patients with a suppressed serum TSH. Browning, MC; Jung, RT; Leese, GP, 1995)	0.29
" For the subsequent scan, 6 to 12 months later, the thyroxine dosage was cut in half."	( Moderate hypothyroidism in preparation for whole body 131I scintiscans and thyroglobulin testing. DeGroot, LJ; Guimaraes, V, 1996)	0.29
"The stability of levothyroxine sodium in oral liquid dosage forms compounded from commercially available tablets was studied."	( Stability of an extemporaneously compounded levothyroxine sodium oral liquid. Boulton, DW; Fawcett, JP; Woods, DJ, 1996)	0.29
"Both the initial L-thyroxine dosage and treatment variables during the 1st and the 2nd year (serum thyroxine, serum TSH and bone age) predicted later intellectual outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism."	( Treatment variables as predictors of intellectual outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Heyerdahl, S, 1996)	0.29
" However, careful titration of T4 dosage to maintain biochemical euthyroidism is a better way to avoid the adverse effect of T4 on bone."	( Prevention of bone loss induced by thyroxine suppressive therapy in postmenopausal women: the effect of calcium and calcitonin. Kung, AW; Yeung, SS, 1996)	0.29
" The soil and dust extracts produced similar dose-response relationships for 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase, 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase, and 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase induction; the dose response for the air extract deviated from the other two extracts."	( Enzyme induction and acute endocrine effects in prepubertal female rats receiving environmental PCB/PCDF/PCDD mixtures. Hansen, LG; Li, MH, 1996)	0.29
" Possible adverse effects of this therapy include cardiovascular changes (shortening of systolic time intervals, increased frequency of atrial premature beats and, possibly, left ventricular hypertrophy) and bone changes (reduced bone density and bone mass), but the risk of these adverse effects can be minimised by carefully monitoring serum free thyroxine and free liothyronine (triiodothyronine) measurements and adjusting the dosage accordingly."	( Adverse effects of thyroid hormone preparations and antithyroid drugs. Bartalena, L; Bogazzi, F; Martino, E, 1996)	0.29
" As the subjects age, have a fixed thyroid hormone dosage for hypothyroxinemia, or spend an extended number of months in polar conditions, a reflex TSH rise occurs."	( Circannual changes in thyroid hormone physiology: the role of cold environmental temperatures. Reed, HL, 1995)	0.29
" Among the 50 pts who had been treated with an adequate dose of thyroid hormone, 5 had recurrences (10%), as compared to 3 out of the 20 cases (15%) who had been administered thyroxine dosage not high enough to suppress THS and to 6 pts out of the 16 (33."	( [Non-toxic nodular goiter: treatment and follow-up]. Comandini, D; Gipponi, M; Margarino, G; Mereu, P; Scala, M; Schenone, F; Schenone, G, 1995)	0.29
"We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to assess whether hospital formulary restrictions involving limiting dosage strengths of levothyroxine affect physicians' ability to manage patients effectively and provide pharmacy cost savings in a tertiary care federal government research hospital."	( Effects of restricting levothyroxine dosage strength availability. Ain, KB; Banks, SM; Clark, C; Crawford, K; Csako, G; Dorworth, TE; Drass, JA; Ketteridge, P; Pucino, F; Wesley, RA, )	0.13
"The optimal dosage regimen for carbimazole (CBZ) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism remains uncertain, despite clinical use of the drug for approximately fifty years."	( A comparison of 20 or 40 mg per day of carbimazole in the initial treatment of hyperthyroidism. Herbert, M; Hopton, M; Jeffcoate, WJ; Page, SR; Sheard, CE, 1996)	0.29
" Increasing the dosage of Sandostatin LAR from 20 to 30 mg had no obvious additional effect on GH suppression, but provided a further decrease in IGF-I levels."	( Sandostatin LAR in acromegalic patients: long-term treatment. Bakke, S; Bruns, C; Fløgstad, AK; Halse, J; Jervell, J; Lancranjan, I; Marbach, P, 1997)	0.3
"The adequate L-thyroxine dosage for the initial treatment of infants with congenital hypothyroidism is a subject of controversy."	( A thyroxine dosage of 8 micrograms/kg per day is appropriate for the initial treatment of the majority of infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Czernichow, P; David, M; Farriaux, JP; Léger, J; Ponte, C; Porquet, D; Rochiccioli, P; Stuckens, C; Touati, G; Toublanc, JE, 1997)	0.3
" Mean arrival time after oral dosing was significantly lengthened by hyperthyroidism (100 +/- 38 minutes vs 157 +/- 71 minutes)."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy cats during euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. Calvert, C; Ferguson, D; Jacobs, G; Sams, R; Whittem, T, 1997)	0.3
"All patients received each of the 4 levothyroxine products for 6-week periods in the same dosage as their prestudy regimen with no washout period."	( Bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levothyroxine products in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Bubp, JL; Dong, BJ; Gambertoglio, JG; Gee, L; Greenspan, FS; Hauck, WW; White, JR, 1997)	0.3
"In patients with euthyroid goitre, the efficacy of treatment with 400 micrograms iodine and 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodine was compared to that of the previous standard of therapy, individually dosed levothyroxine."	( [Treatment of euthyroid struma. Comparable volume reduction with 400 micrograms iodine, 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodine or individually dosed levothyroxine]. Hackel, D; Peters, H; Schleusener, H, 1997)	0.3
" In the patients treated with individually dosed levothyroxine, the thyroid volume decreased by about 39% (95%-confidence limit [CL]-31% to -41%)."	( [Treatment of euthyroid struma. Comparable volume reduction with 400 micrograms iodine, 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodine or individually dosed levothyroxine]. Hackel, D; Peters, H; Schleusener, H, 1997)	0.3
"In patients with euthyroid diffuse goitre, treatment with mono-iodine or combination of levothyroxine with iodine should have principally the same status as the previous standard of therapy, individually dosed levothyroxine."	( [Treatment of euthyroid struma. Comparable volume reduction with 400 micrograms iodine, 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodine or individually dosed levothyroxine]. Hackel, D; Peters, H; Schleusener, H, 1997)	0.3
" Dosage of ipodate was increased to 150 mg/d and then to 200 mg/d at 2-week intervals if a good clinical response was not observed."	( Ipodate treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats. Murray, LA; Peterson, ME, 1997)	0.3
" Hens dosed twice daily with T4 (1 or 3x the daily thyroid secretion rate, TSR, of T4 per dose) had significantly higher plasma and egg yolk T4 concentrations than did control hens dosed with saline."	( Maternal thyroid hormones in Japanese quail eggs and their influence on embryonic development. McNabb, FM; Wilson, CM, 1997)	0.3
" Restoration of control values was achieved in hypophysectomized animals with cortisol/thyroxine replacement together with a low dosage of GH (mimicking a male GH secretion pattern), except for androsterone glucuronidation activity where both GH and cortisol/thyroxine treatments reinforced the decreasing effect of hypophysectomy."	( Differential effect of hypophysectomy and growth hormone treatment on hepatic glucuronosyltransferases in male rats: evidence for an action at a pretranslational level for isoforms glucuronidating bilirubin. Goudonnet, H; Gueraud, F; Masmoudi, T; Paris, A, 1997)	0.3
" The T4 and TSH levels at the two visits before the change in dosage did not differ statistically."	( Frequency and necessity of thyroid function tests in neonates and infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Kirkland, JL; Vogiatzi, MG, 1997)	0.3
"Optimal daily levothyroxine (LT4) dosage is reported to be significantly smaller in the elderly with primary hypothyroidism when compared with their younger counterparts."	( Influence of age on optimal daily levothyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology. Kabadi, UM, 1997)	0.3
" dosage in 337 patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology."	( Influence of age on optimal daily levothyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology. Kabadi, UM, 1997)	0.3
" dosage declined with increasing age in 99 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 73 patients with idiopathic variety, and in 47 patients with hypothyroidism due to radical neck surgery and/or neck radiation for non-thyroidal malignancies."	( Influence of age on optimal daily levothyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology. Kabadi, UM, 1997)	0.3
"Optimal daily LT4 dosage does not decline universally in all elderly with primary hypothyroidism: it appears to depend also on the etiology of the disorder."	( Influence of age on optimal daily levothyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism grouped according to etiology. Kabadi, UM, 1997)	0.3
" These treatment regimens were continued for 24 weeks, and physicians were allowed to adjust MMI dosage during follow-up visits."	( Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on serum levels of thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients with untreated Graves' disease. Abe, Y; Fukawa, E; Kawakami-Tani, T; Makino, I; Tanaka, H, 1997)	0.3
" The dosing period was 13 weeks, after which half of the rats were necropsied and the rest assigned to an off-dose period of another 13 weeks."	( Subchronic/chronic toxicity of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD) in rats. Part II. Biochemical effects. Birnbaum, LS; Rozman, KK; Stahl, BU; Viluksela, M, 1997)	0.3
" Restoration of most of the fatty acid proportions to control values was realized in hypophysectomized animals with a cortisol/thyroxine replacement administered alone or together with the low dosage of GH mimicking the male secretion pattern."	( Hepatic microsomal membrane lipidic composition and growth hormone effect in adult male rat: evidence for a 'feminization' process of total phospholipid fatty acid pattern. Guéraud, F; Paris, A, 1997)	0.3
" In a dose-response study half-maximal stimulation by T4 was achieved at a concentration of 100 nM, whereas 50% of maximal induction was produced by 1 nM T3 and 6 nM triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC)."	( L-thyroxine directly affects expression of thyroid hormone-sensitive genes: regulatory effect of RXRbeta. Bartalena, L; Bogazzi, F; Brogioni, S; Burelli, A; Dell'Unto, E; Grasso, L; Manetti, L; Martino, E, 1997)	0.3
" Despite this encouraging results thyroxine substitution therapy in the follow-up carries some problems concerning optimal dosage and non-compliance."	( Results and follow-up in eleven MEN 2A gene carriers after prophylactic thyroidectomy. Buhr, H; Frank-Raue, K; Herfarth, C; Höppner, W; Raue, F, 1997)	0.3
"5 years, the dosage was about 11 U/m2/week and was not changed during puberty."	( Long-term treatment in children with hypopituitarism: pubertal development and final height. Birnbacher, R; Frisch, H; Riedl, S, 1998)	0.3
" Higher I dosage brought the serum T4 concentration to the level of the control group and retarded thyroid enlargement."	( Counteracting the negative effects of rapeseed and rapeseed press cake in pig diets. Kirchheim, U; Knapp, G; Rudolph, B; Schöne, F, 1997)	0.3
" Chlorobiphenyl 110 (2,3,3',4',6-pentaCB) was investigated in weanling female rats dosed ip on days 21 and 22 and killed on day 23 of age."	( Hepatic enzyme induction and acute endocrine effects of 2,3,3',4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl in prepubertal female rats. Hansen, LG; Li, M; Rhine, C, 1998)	0.3
"In patients showing hyperthyreosis or a TRAK value > 11 U/l at the beginning of RIT, a significantly lower therapeutic dosage and effective iodine half-life were found than in non-hyperthyreotic patients or patients with TRAK < or = 11 U/l."	( [Determination of factors affecting the therapeutic outcome of radioiodine therapy in patients with Graves' disease]. Bares, R; Büll, U; Dohmen, BM; Kaiser, HJ; Sabri, O; Schreckenberger, M; Schulz, G; Wagenknecht, G; Zimny, D; Zimny, M, 1998)	0.3
"Since most treatment failures occurred in patients under thyreostatic medication we recommend raising the target dosage to 250 Gy for these cases."	( [Determination of factors affecting the therapeutic outcome of radioiodine therapy in patients with Graves' disease]. Bares, R; Büll, U; Dohmen, BM; Kaiser, HJ; Sabri, O; Schreckenberger, M; Schulz, G; Wagenknecht, G; Zimny, D; Zimny, M, 1998)	0.3
" Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of treatment with a dose-fixed combination of levothyroxine plus iodide with that of an individualized dosage of levothyroxine plus iodide."	( [Individually dosed levothyroxine with 150 micrograms iodide versus 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodide. A randomized double-blind trial]. Beyer, J; Förster, G; Hansen, C; Kahaly, G; Krummenauer, F, 1998)	0.3
" Patients in group A received levothyroxine in a weight-adapted dosage (75,100 or 150 micrograms) plus 150 micrograms iodide, while those in group B were given a fixed dosage of 100 micrograms levothyroxine plus 100 micrograms iodide."	( [Individually dosed levothyroxine with 150 micrograms iodide versus 100 micrograms levothyroxine combined with 100 micrograms iodide. A randomized double-blind trial]. Beyer, J; Förster, G; Hansen, C; Kahaly, G; Krummenauer, F, 1998)	0.3
" During pregnancy, the thyroxine needs of women with hypothyroidism are increased, and their dosage of levothyroxine should be individualized."	( Diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. James, DA; Kessenich, CR; Mooney, CJ, )	0.13
" If thyroglobulin remains undetectable during L-thyroxine treatment, an annual dosage is indicated and other exams are unwarranted."	( [Papillary and follicular cancers of the thyroid]. Baudin, E; Schlumberger, M; Travagli, JP, 1998)	0.3
"To explore the therapeutic effect and its mechanism mainly using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin (RQNY) with a small dosage of Tapazol for treatment of Graves disease (GD)."	( [Therapeutic effect and its mechanism exploration on mainly using traditional Chinese medicine of replenishing qi and nourishing yin in treating Graves disease]. Zha, LL, 1997)	0.3
" For older patients or patients at risk for cardiac disease, a lower initial dosage (12."	( [Treatment of hypothyroidism]. Massol, J, 1998)	0.3
" As adjunctive COL treatment in hyperthyroidism allows reducing MMI dosage it may decrease the rate of dose dependent MMI side effects."	( Role of colestipol in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Hagag, P; Nissenbaum, H; Weiss, M, 1998)	0.3
" Following a dosage increase to 150 microg/day, she suffered from an acute attack of pseudogout."	( Pseudogout attack associated with chronic thyroiditis and Sjögren's syndrome. Arai, S; Hama, Y; Kondo, T; Mineshita, M; Warabi, H; Yasuda, H, 1999)	0.3
" The dosage of 10 mg iodine/kg diet decreased serum T3 concentration."	( [Iodine deficiency, iodine requirement and iodine excess of farm animals--experiments on growing pigs]. Schöne, F, 1999)	0.3
"Two patients with hypothyroidism treated for upper dyspepsia and constipation with aluminum hydroxide and magnesium oxide, respectively, presented a marked increase in the serum concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone and low serum thyroxine on a fixed dosage of levothyroxine."	( Intestinal adsorption of levothyroxine by antacids and laxatives: case stories and in vitro experiments. Feldt-Rasmussen, U; Kirkegaard, L; Mersebach, H; Rasmussen, AK, 1999)	0.3
" Patient profiles were reviewed for most recent thyroid function test results and levothyroxine dosing information."	( Levothyroxine replacement therapy in central hypothyroidism: a practice report. Carrozza, V; Csako, G; Nieman, L; Pucino, F; Skarulis, MC; Wesley, R; Yanovski, JA, 1999)	0.3
" The different groups of mothers were dosed via gavage with 5 mg/kg bodyweight of PCB 153 in corn oil or 5 ml/kg bodyweight corn oil vehicle every second day from day 3 to day 13 after delivery."	( Behavioural effects in female rats of postnatal exposure to sub-toxic doses of polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153. Holene, E; Krogh, H; Nafstad, I; Sagvolden, T; Skaare, JU, 1999)	0.3
" They are organized into four classes: specific pharmaceuticals, biologicals, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and chemicals."	( Delayed toxidromes. Bosse, GM; Matyunas, NJ, )	0.13
" Recently, comprehensive dose-response studies of GH have been conducted in broilers during late post-hatch development (8 to 9 weeks of age)."	( New insights into the mechanism and actions of growth hormone (GH) in poultry. Beard, JL; Buys, N; Darras, V; Day, JR; Decuypere, E; McMurtry, JP; Rosebrough, RW; Tomas, F; Vasilatos-Younken, R; Wang, XH; Zhou, Y, 1999)	0.3
" This study compared the response of Fischer (F344) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ECT and a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ECT and characterized the dose-response curve."	( Response of the pituitary and thyroid to tropic hormones in Sprague-Dawley versus Fischer 344 male rats. Anderson, SA; Fail, PA; Friedman, MA, 1999)	0.3
" The gene dosage of TBG was evaluated by coamplification with autosomal betaGlobin or X-chromosomal Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and subsequent quantitation by HPLC."	( Gene amplification as a common cause of inherited thyroxine-binding globulin excess: analysis of one familial and two sporadic cases. Fujieda, K; Hasegawa, T; Hirooka, Y; Jing, P; Kayama, M; Mitsuma, T; Mori, Y; Nogimori, T, 1999)	0.3
" To find the target level of TSH suppression, we analyzed the relationship between the degree of TSH suppression determined by third generation assay and thyroglobulin (Tg) response during the titration of the dosage of L-T4."	( Levothyroxine suppression of thyroglobulin in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Chen, HY; Chien, WY; Lee, CH; Liu, RT; Lu, YC; Tung, SC; Wang, PW; Wang, ST, 1999)	0.3
" The dose of 100 micrograms per 100 g of body wt administered for a shorter period, and the use of a lower dosage (50 micrograms T4 per 100 g of body wt) for 6 days had a stimulatory effect upon MPST activity level, and an increased level of sulfane sulfur was observed."	( Effects of thyroxine on L-cysteine desulfuration in mouse liver. Abe, T; Ubuka, T; Wróbel, M; Yao, WB, 2000)	0.31
"With the aim of establishing optimal dosage schedules, 171 women with either overt (OH, n = 80) or subclinical (SCH, n = 91) hypothyroidism were assessed before and 6 months after starting L-thyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy."	( Management of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Factors influencing L-thyroxine dosage. Bossa, N; Pusiol, E; Rezzónico, JN; Rezzónico, M; Saravi, FD, 1999)	0.3
"The effects of GH therapy on thyroid function among previous reports have shown remarkable discrepancies, probably due to differences in hormone assay methods, degree of purification of former pituitary-derived GH preparations, dosage schedules, diagnostic criteria, patient selection, duration of treatment and study design."	( Changes in serum thyroid hormones levels and their mechanisms during long-term growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH deficient children. Abucham, J; MacCagnan, P; Oliveira, JH; Portes, ES, 2000)	0.31
" Additional dose-response studies in hypercholesteremic rats confirmed the preferential effect of GC-1 on TRbeta-mediated parameters by showing a much higher potency to influence cholesterol and TSH than heart rate."	( The thyroid hormone receptor-beta-selective agonist GC-1 differentially affects plasma lipids and cardiac activity. Baxter, JD; Chiellini, G; Dillmann, WH; Gloss, B; Grover, GJ; Scanlan, TS; Swanson, E; Trost, SU; Volodarsky, T; Wang-Iverson, DB; Zhang, H, 2000)	0.31
" Because of the persisting goiter and the elevated level of TSH (128 microU/ml in 32 weeks) in the fetal serum the dosage had to be adjusted to 500 microg LT4 in the next five injections."	( Intrauterine treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism controlled by determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in fetal serum. A case report and review of the literature. Beinder, E; Dörr, HG; Grüner, C; Kollert, A; Lang, N; Wildt, L, )	0.13
" A similar study in which the lactating females were only dosed twice per week (experiment 11) did not show any differences in these parameters."	( Effects of exposure of lactating female rats to polychlorinated biphenyls (Pcbs) on testis weight, sperm production and sertoli cell numbers in the adult male offspring. Kim, IS, 2001)	0.31
" Weanling male CD rats (21 days old) were dosed for 30 d by gavage with vehicle (0."	( Evaluation of the male pubertal assay's ability to detect thyroid inhibitors and dopaminergic agents. Carney, EW; Crissman, JW; Marty, MS, 2001)	0.31
" Treatment within the first days of life with appropriate dosage of thyroxine prevents mental retardation."	( [Congenital hypothyroidism]. Szymborska, M, )	0.13
" The smaller rise of TSH after the treatment suggests that the dosage of 75 micrograms levothyroxine + 150 micrograms iodine is to be preferred."	( [Comparison of the effectiveness of two different dosages of levothyroxine-iodide combinations for the therapy of euthyroid diffuse goiter]. Hänscheid, H; Kreissl, M; Reiners, C; Rendl, J; Tiemann, M, 2001)	0.31
" In the case of a pre-existing hypothyroidism a 25-50% increase in the levothyroxine dosage is often needed during the first trimester of pregnancy."	( [Pregnancy (conception) in hyper- or hypothyroidism]. Boer, K; Corssmit, EP; Prummel, MF; Wiersinga, WM, 2001)	0.31
" The beginning of therapy, dosage of drugs, length of application and results of treatment are critically evaluated, with special emphasis on the rate and time of remission, on the frequency of recurrences and on the success of additional treatments such as surgery and/or radioiodine application."	( [Graves' disease. Clinical features and treatment results]. Amor, H; Crivellaro, C; Leimgruber, K; Oberhofer, R, 2001)	0.31
" Thirty-four male goats were divided into five groups dosed with KCN at 0 (control)."	( Physiopathological effects of the administration of chronic cyanide to growing goats--a model for ingestion of cyanogenic plants. Górniak, SL; Kimura, ET; Soto-Blanco, B, 2001)	0.31
" CB 132 (2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorophenyl) and CB 149 (2,2'3,4',5',6-hexachlorophenyl) were investigated in weanling female rats dosed intraperitoneally on days 21 and 22 and killed on day 24 of age."	( Hepatic enzyme induction and acute endocrine effects of 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl and 2,2',3,4',5',6-hexachlorobiphenyl in prepubertal female rats. Guo, YL; Hsu, PC; Li, MH, 2001)	0.31
" No significant relationship was found between final height and severity of CH at diagnosis, initial L-T4 dosage or aetiology of the defect."	( Longitudinal growth, sexual maturation and final height in patients with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening. Capalbo, D; Di Maio, S; Ferri, P; Lettiero, T; Micillo, M; Salerno, M; Tenore, A, 2001)	0.31
" the most severe vs other types), the initial low serum T4 levels (< or = 53 nmol/L vs >53 nmol/L), and the profound bone maturation delay (absence vs presence of the two knee epiphyseal ossification centres at diagnosis), initially low L-thyroxine dosage (below vs > or = 7 microg/kg/day), the absence of near normalization of thyroid hormone levels after 15 d of treatment and poor adequacy of treatment throughout childhood were associated with an increased risk of school delay."	( Influence of severity of congenital hypothyroidism and adequacy of treatment on school achievement in young adolescents: a population-based cohort study. Larroque, B; Léger, J; Norton, J, 2001)	0.31
" This work demonstrates gene dosage effect in nuclear coactivators manifesting as haploinsufficiency and functional redundancy of SRC-1 and TIF-2."	( Thyroid function in mice with compound heterozygous and homozygous disruptions of SRC-1 and TIF-2 coactivators: evidence for haploinsufficiency. Chambon, P; Gehin, M; O'Malley, BW; Refetoff, S; Sadow, PM; Weiss, RE; Xu, J, 2002)	0.31
" The monitoring of serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone is necessary for appropriate dosage adjustment of levothyroxine."	( Levothyroxine: therapeutic use and regulatory issues related to bioequivalence. Wartofsky, L, 2002)	0.31
"This was an 8-week open study to investigate side effects and levels of thyroid hormones in 13 healthy controls and to compare results with those of 13 patients with refractory depression (unipolar and bipolar) undergoing the similar procedures and T(4) dosing regimen in a previous augmentation study."	( Effects of supraphysiological thyroxine administration in healthy controls and patients with depressive disorders. Bauer, M; Baumgartner, A; Baur, H; Berghöfer, A; Hellweg, R; Müller-Oerlinghausen, B; Ströhle, A, 2002)	0.31
" Dose-dependent inhibition of resorption was seen with SB-273005 after 7 days of dosing using Dpd as a measure of bone resorption."	( Rapid inhibition of thyroxine-induced bone resorption in the rat by an orally active vitronectin receptor antagonist. Gowen, M; Hoffman, SJ; Lark, MW; Miller, WH; Stroup, G; Vasko-Moser, J, 2002)	0.31
" Ovary weight, uterus weight, peak plasma GH concentration, and hepatic CYP2A1 content were decreased 37 days after treatment with tamoxifen at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, but expression of other P450 enzymes was not affected."	( Persistent suppression of hepatic CYP2A1 expression and serum triiodothyronine levels by tamoxifen in intact female rats: dose-response analysis and comparison with 4-hydroxytamoxifen, fulvestrant (ICI 182,780), and 17beta-estradiol-3-benzoate. Bandiera, SM; Ickenstein, LM, 2002)	0.31
" VZ mitotic activity was not altered shortly after acute T4 treatment at a dosage that stimulated cell death, although [3H]-labeling intensity per cell was slightly reduced."	( Effects of excess thyroid hormone on cell death, cell proliferation, and new neuron incorporation in the adult zebra finch telencephalon. Hesla, MA; Kirn, JR; Tekumalla, PK; Tontonoz, M, 2002)	0.31
" Male and female C57BL/6J mice and Long-Evans rats were dosed orally for 4 consecutive days with either PCB126 (0."	( Comparative responsiveness of hypothyroxinemia and hepatic enzyme induction in Long-Evans rats versus C57BL/6J mice exposed to TCDD-like and phenobarbital-like polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Craft, ES; Crofton, KM; DeVito, MJ, 2002)	0.31
"Results suggest that administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at a dosage of 26."	( Effects of short-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration on thyroid function in dogs. Frank, LA; Hnilica, KA; Williamson, NL, 2002)	0.31
" The description of the biochemical dynamics of TSH and free T4 (FT4) during the first period of thyroxine treatment is important to depict the practical outlines of the initial dosage of T4 and dosage adjustments for newborns with variable forms of CH."	( Dynamics of the plasma concentrations of TSH, FT4 and T3 following thyroxine supplementation in congenital hypothyroidism. Bakker, B; De Vijlder, JJ; Kempers, MJ; Van Bruggen, M; Van Tijn, DA; Vulsma, T; Wiedijk, BM, 2002)	0.31
"8% of patients with PDRTH more than two courses of RITH were performed, enhancing so the total radiation dosage on the organism."	( [Analysis of efficacy of complex treatment of patients with differentiated forms of the thyroid gland cancer using distant radiation therapy]. Chebotareva, ED; Cheren'ko, SM; Dzhuzha, DA; Gorobeĭko, MB; Ivanov, NA; Sheptukha, AI; Shishkina, VV; Siniuta, BF, 2002)	0.31
"Initial dosing of 50 microg/day (12-17 microg/kg per day) raised serum T(4) and free T(4) concentrations to target range by 3 days and normalized TSH by 2 weeks of therapy."	( Initial treatment dose of L-thyroxine in congenital hypothyroidism. Lafranchi, SH; Mandel, SH; Miyahira, R; Nelson, JC; Rien, L; Selva, KA; Sesser, D; Skeels, M, 2002)	0.31
" Thus, insufficient replacement may be reflected by inappropriately elevated TSH levels, and may lead to dosage increment."	( Thyrotropin suppression by thyroid hormone replacement is correlated with thyroxine level normalization in central hypothyroidism. Cohen, O; Lubetsky, A; Olchovsky, D; Shimon, I, 2002)	0.31
" Breeding pairs were dosed continuously with 0, 1 nM, 1 micro M, or 1 mM concentrations of AP in drinking water from the time of cohabitation until pups from the third litter were weaned."	( Effects of in utero and lactational ammonium perchlorate exposure on thyroid gland histology and thyroid and sex hormones in developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) through postnatal day 21. Anderson, T; Gentles, BA; Kendall, RJ; Mitchell, LP; Roots, EH; Smith, EE; Thuett, KA, 2002)	0.31
"TSH suppression in congenital hypothyroidism is significantly related to serum levels and dosage of T(4)."	( Suppression of TSH in congenital hypothyroidism is significantly related to serum levels and dosage of thyroxine. Brown, JJ; Datta, V; Sutton, AJ; Swift, PG, 2003)	0.32
" Patients with chronic thyroiditis treated with a high replacement dosage of levothyroxin (125-200 microg daily) had higher serum levels of IgA antigliadin antibodies in comparison with patients treated with a lower dosage (50-100 microg daily) (medians: 13."	( IgA and IgG antigliadin, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase and antiendomysial antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and their relationship to thyroidal replacement therapy. Jiskra, J; Kocna, P; Límanová, Z; Vanícková, Z, 2003)	0.32
" In contrast, supplemental T(3) decreased IVL in euthyroid birds, regardless of the dosing interval, but had no effect on ME activity."	( Methimazole and thyroid hormone replacement in broilers. McMurtry, JP; Rosebrough, RW, 2003)	0.32
" In the highest dosage groups (10 mg/kg for rat and 20 mg/kg for mouse), the neonates became pale, inactive, and moribund within 30-60 min, and all died soon afterward."	( Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. II: postnatal evaluation. Butenhoff, JL; Grey, BE; Hanson, RG; Lau, C; Rogers, JM; Stanton, ME; Stevenson, LA; Thibodeaux, JR, 2003)	0.32
" A host of birth defects, including cleft palate, anasarca, ventricular septal defect, and enlargement of the right atrium, were seen in both rats and mice, primarily in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosage groups, respectively."	( Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. I: maternal and prenatal evaluations. Barbee, BD; Butenhoff, JL; Grey, BE; Hanson, RG; Lau, C; Richards, JH; Rogers, JM; Stevenson, LA; Thibodeaux, JR, 2003)	0.32
" The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the estrogen status and LT(4) therapy, in particular LT(4) dosage in micrograms per kilograms (microg/kg), on bone metabolism in female patients with DTC."	( Bone metabolism in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving suppressive levothyroxine treatment. Gallowitsch, HJ; Jauk, B; Jost, R; Kresnik, E; Leb, G; Lind, P; Mikosch, P; Obermayer-Pietsch, B, 2003)	0.32
" These findings have implications for future expanded studies and alternative dosing regimens in treating patients with both multinodular goiter and subclinical hyperthyroidism."	( Utility of recombinant human thyrotropin for augmentation of radioiodine uptake and treatment of nontoxic and toxic multinodular goiters. Baskin, HJ; Duick, DS, )	0.13
"" Her serum free T4 level normalized during three years with twice weekly dosing of thyroxine after hospital discharge."	( Successful management of a patient with pseudomalabsorption of levothyroxine. Fukata, S; Kubota, S; Kuma, K; Matsuzuka, F; Miyauchi, A, 2003)	0.32
" In two experiments a total of 80 rats in 3 groups was pretreated with propylthiouracil and injected daily with 3 dosage levels of 7-thyroxine for 3 weeks prior to inoculation."	( Thyroid function in experimental streptococcal pneumonia in the rat. GLASER, RJ; REICHLIN, S, 1958)	0.24
"05), whereas radiotherapy dosage was found in significant relationship with the development of hypothyroidism (p<0."	( [The effect of laryngectomy and postoperative radiotheraphy on thyroid gland functions]. Akgül, G; Alkan, S; Cinar, U; Dadaş, B; Topuz, E; Unsal, O; Uslu, B; Yiğit, O, 2003)	0.32
" The newest addition to available male hormone preparations is fluoxymesterone which is anabolic in smaller dosage than the older forms."	( Newer hormonal preparations. ESCAMILLA, RF, 1960)	0.24
" L-thyroxine in a dosage that maintains serum TSH levels within the normal range is the preferred therapy in these patients."	( Height improvement by L-thyroxine treatment in subclinical hypothyroidism. Aslan, A; Cetinkaya, E; Ocal, G; Vidinlisan, S, 2003)	0.32
" Effects of high levothyroxine dosage should be documented in samples that have been treated according to recent recommendations."	( Congenital hypothyroidism: developmental outcome in relation to levothyroxine treatment variables. Heyerdahl, S; Oerbeck, B, 2003)	0.32
" The cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-dependent increase in the lysophospholipid content in the endoplasmic reticulum is probably a major determinant in the regulation of the functional state of glucuronoyltransferases in response to high dosage growth hormone treatment."	( In vivo modification of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase functional state in rat liver following hypophysectomy and partial or complete hormonal restoration. Daveloose, D; Guéraud, F; Paris, A; Vezin, H; Viret, J, 2003)	0.32
" A significant dose-response was not found."	( The effect of levothyroxine therapy on bone mineral density: a systematic review of the literature. Reiners, C; Schneider, R, 2003)	0.32
" Individual L-T4 replacement (mean dosage 85."	( Restoration of euthyroidism accelerates bone turnover in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled trial. Beat, M; Christ-Crain, M; Guglielmetti, M; Kraenzlin, M; Meier, C; Staub, JJ, 2004)	0.32
" However, although this latter study has a well-established dose-response curve for inhibition of iodine uptake, even perchlorate doses that result in a 70% inhibition of iodine uptake have no apparent effect on human T4 levels."	( Reference dose for perchlorate based on thyroid hormone change in pregnant women as the critical effect. Dourson, M; Strawson, J; Zhao, Q, 2004)	0.32
" Proper dosage is established based on thyrotropin (TSH) testing and clinical evaluation."	( Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of different levothyroxine preparations in the treatment of human thyroid disease. Danzi, S; Klein, I, 2003)	0.32
" Despite the patient's low baseline TBG level and her blunted pregnancy-associated TBG induction, her absolute and relative pregnancy-associated increases in thyroxine replacement dosage mirrored those found in non-TBG-deficient, hypothyroid women."	( Impact of thyroxine-binding globulin on thyroid hormone economy during pregnancy. Cohen, SE; Garber, JR; Zigman, JM, 2003)	0.32
" Thyroxine replacement therapy is highly effective and safe, but suboptimal dosing is common in clinical practice."	( Hypothyroidism. Ladenson, PW; Roberts, CG, 2004)	0.32
" The dose-response curves of inhibition of binding of (125)I-T(2)S to anti-T(2)S by serial dilutions of ethanol extracts of serum or urine were essentially parallel to the standard curve."	( A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate: Studies in thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases, pregnancy, and fetal/neonatal life. Chopra, IJ, 2004)	0.32
" Female sparrows were dosed daily with either 5 mg p,p'-DDT per kg body mass or corn oil vehicle over 3 days."	( The effect of flight, fasting and p,p'-DDT on thyroid hormones and corticosterone in Gambel's white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli. Carr, JA; Cobb, GP; Scollon, EJ, 2004)	0.32
" Dams were dosed daily with 0, 1, or 4 mg/kg A1254 from gestational day 6 (GD6) until they were sacrificed on GD16."	( Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exert thyroid hormone-like effects in the fetal rat brain but do not bind to thyroid hormone receptors. Bansal, R; Gauger, KJ; Haraguchi, K; Kato, Y; Lehmler, HJ; Robertson, LW; Zoeller, RT, 2004)	0.32
" None of the correction methods could distinguish dosage strengths that differed by 12."	( Are bioequivalence studies of levothyroxine sodium formulations in euthyroid volunteers reliable? Awni, W; Blakesley, V; Braverman, LE; Granneman, GR; Locke, C; Ludden, T, 2004)	0.32
" Atenolol was given to the patient group at a dosage of 50 mg/day for 3 months and evaluations were repeated."	( Effects of TSH-suppressive therapy on cardiac morphology and function: beneficial effects of the addition of beta-blockade on diastolic dysfunction. Altuntas, F; Dincer, I; Erol, C; Gullu, S; Kamel, N, 2004)	0.32
" While the data indicate humans and rats exhibit similar dose-response relationships in terms of acute inhibition of thyroidal iodide uptake, the two species appear to exhibit notable differences in terms of thyroid hormone response, the toxicologically significant consequence of iodide uptake inhibition."	( Interspecies differences in susceptibility to perturbation of thyroid homeostasis: a case study with perchlorate. Beck, BD; Lewandowski, TA; Seeley, MR, 2004)	0.32
" After dose-response studies, doses of 80 microM T3, 80 microM T4, 300 microM NA and 175 microM DES, which produced DNA damage but retained good cell viability, were chosen for further experiments with the antioxidant catalase and the flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin."	( Antioxidants modulate thyroid hormone- and noradrenaline-induced DNA damage in human sperm. Anderson, D; Baumgartner, A; Dobrzyńska, MM, 2004)	0.32
"To evaluate the practicability of LT4 in liquid form and to define the initial dosage for optimal treatment."	( The use of L-T4 as liquid solution improves the practicability and individualized dosage in newborns and infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Grüters, A; Krude, H; L'Allemand, D; Schnabel, D; von Heppe, JH, 2004)	0.32
"The median dosage at start of therapy was 12."	( The use of L-T4 as liquid solution improves the practicability and individualized dosage in newborns and infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Grüters, A; Krude, H; L'Allemand, D; Schnabel, D; von Heppe, JH, 2004)	0.32
" The failure to improve without an adequate dosage of LT4 suggests that hypothyroidism was probably an aggravating factor."	( Coexistent hypothyroidism, psychosis, and severe obsessions in an adolescent: a 10-year follow-up. Alshari, MG; Bhatara, A; Bhatara, V; McMillin, JM; Warhol, P, 2004)	0.32
"Assessment of dosage form performance in delivering endogenous compounds, such as hormones, in vivo requires a specific approach."	( Assessment of levothyroxine sodium bioavailability: recommendations for an improved methodology based on the pooled analysis of eight identically designed trials with 396 drug exposures. Clanget, C; Ding, R; Goeggelmann, C; Hinke, V; Lang, M; Pfeilschifter, J; Tayrouz, Y; Walter-Sack, I; Wegscheider, K, 2004)	0.32
"Using a single pharmacological dose of L-T4 in two-period crossover designs is a safe and reliable procedure to assess L-T4 dosage form performance."	( Assessment of levothyroxine sodium bioavailability: recommendations for an improved methodology based on the pooled analysis of eight identically designed trials with 396 drug exposures. Clanget, C; Ding, R; Goeggelmann, C; Hinke, V; Lang, M; Pfeilschifter, J; Tayrouz, Y; Walter-Sack, I; Wegscheider, K, 2004)	0.32
" Fourteen of the hypothyroid mothers had been diagnosed and treated before and during pregnancy on a dosage of thyroxine that was unchanged."	( The sequelae of untreated maternal hypothyroidism. Klein, RZ; Mitchell, ML, 2004)	0.32
"The careful monitoring of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and adjustment of l-thyroxine dosage avoided the significant deleterious effects of prolonged L-thyroxine replacement therapy on bone tissue in adolescents and young adults with congenital hypothyroidism treated from the neonatal period."	( Effect of long-term L-thyroxine treatment on bone mineral density in young adults with congenital hypothyroidism. Capalbo, D; Carpinelli, A; del Puente, A; Esposito, V; Esposito-del Puente, A; Lettiero, T; Padula, S; Salerno, M, 2004)	0.32
" Recorded for children with CH were disease etiology, bone age and thyroxine levels at diagnosis, age at onset of treatment, and starting dosage of levothyroxine."	( Children with congenital hypothyroidism and their siblings: do they really differ? Rovet, JF, 2005)	0.33
" Factors contributing to the size of the CH-sibling IQ difference were (1) the etiology of hypothyroidism, reflecting the larger differences by those with athyreosis or an ectopic gland than dyshormonogenesis, and (2) the starting dosage of levothyroxine, with those initially treated with >or=8."	( Children with congenital hypothyroidism and their siblings: do they really differ? Rovet, JF, 2005)	0.33
" A major uncertainty in assessing the risks of developmental exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) is the lack of a clear characterization of the dose-response relationship, especially in the lower region, between disruption of hormones and adverse consequences."	( Developmental disruption of thyroid hormone: correlations with hearing dysfunction in rats. Crofton, KM, 2004)	0.32
" Because of the long half-life of levothyroxine sodium small dosage adjustments may be performed by adding or withdrawing a tablet once or twice weekly."	( Hypothyroidism in the elderly: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Andersen, S; Bülow Pedersen, I; Carlé, A; Laurberg, P, 2005)	0.33
" Women with known hypothyroidism and receiving levothyroxine (LT4) before pregnancy should plan to increase their dosage by 30% to 60% early in pregnancy."	( Are detection and treatment of thyroid insufficiency in pregnancy feasible? Hollowell, JG; Mandel, SJ; Spencer, CA, 2005)	0.33
" Effective daily dose depended on extent of surgery: higher dosage was required after thyroidectomy than hemithyroidectomy, and it was significantly higher after radioiodinetherapy."	( [Criteria for suppressive dosage of thyroxine administered in thyroid cancer]. Demidchik, IuE; Khmara, IM; Shapet'ko, MN, 2004)	0.32
"In 20 female patients with CIU + AT, both hypothyroid and euthyroid, we have investigated the therapeutic effects of l-thyroxine dosed to suppress the TSH."	( Improvement of chronic idiopathic urticaria with L-thyroxine: a new TSH role in immune response? Aversano, M; Caiazzo, P; Iorio, G; Laganá, B; Leccese, F; Ponticiello, L, 2005)	0.33
"Results suggest that administration of T/SMX at a dosage of 14."	( Effects of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim on thyroid function in dogs. Davis, JA; Frank, LA; Hnilica, KA; May, ER; Sargent, SJ, 2005)	0.33
" On day 0, female Balb/c mice were infected with CB3; on day 1 of the infection, they were dosed orally with approximately 200 microg/kgbody weight (bw) (ca."	( Common viral infection affects pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) distribution and metabolic and hormonal activities in mice. Bergman, A; Darnerud, PO; Ilbäck, NG; Wong, J, 2005)	0.33
" TSH estimation was repeated at 6-8 week intervals and appropriate adjustments in levothyroxine dosage made till the TSH was within the normal range."	( Dissociation of clinical and laboratory diagnosis in hypothyroidism. Bajaj, S; Kumar, D; Mehrotra, R; Sharma, GP, 2005)	0.33
"To evaluate the results of treatment of infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with a low initial dosage of levothyroxine."	( [Low initial dose of levothyroxine for treatment of congenital hypothyroidism]. Chen, HY; Chen, XX; Liang, L; Yang, RL; Yang, RW; Zhao, ZY, 2005)	0.33
" The dosage for cases with low circulating thyroxine before treatment was higher than that of the other groups (P<0."	( [Low initial dose of levothyroxine for treatment of congenital hypothyroidism]. Chen, HY; Chen, XX; Liang, L; Yang, RL; Yang, RW; Zhao, ZY, 2005)	0.33
"he levothyroxine dosage of (4."	( [Low initial dose of levothyroxine for treatment of congenital hypothyroidism]. Chen, HY; Chen, XX; Liang, L; Yang, RL; Yang, RW; Zhao, ZY, 2005)	0.33
" To provide data useful for the risk assessment of postnatal exposure to POPs, mixtures containing 19 PCBs, DDT, and DDE were prepared according to their concentrations previously measured in the milk of Canadian women, and dose-response effects were tested on the proliferation of MCF7-E3 cells in vitro, and in vivo experiments."	( Effects of postnatal exposure to a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and p-p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene in prepubertal and adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cole, J; Cooke, GM; Desaulniers, D; Leingartner, K; Soumano, K; Wade, M; Yagminas, A; Yang, J, )	0.13
"Appropriate methimazole dosing for initial treatment of childhood Graves' disease is uncertain."	( Effective methimazole dose for childhood Graves' disease and use of free triiodothyronine combined with concurrent thyroid-stimulating hormone level to identify mild hyperthyroidism and delayed pituitary recovery. Boudreau, C; Slyper, AH; Wyatt, D, 2005)	0.33
" There also was a decrease in whole body T4 concentration in fish exposed to perchlorate for 30 d, but clear dose-response relationships were less evident for whole body T4 than for histopathological endpoints."	( Perchlorate affects thyroid function in eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Bradford, CM; Carr, JA; Rinchard, J; Theodorakis, C, 2005)	0.33
" Thyroid function and ATD dosage were monitored in the mothers."	( Management of Graves' disease during pregnancy: the key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring. Boissinot, C; Castanet, M; Czernichow, P; Garel, C; Guibourdenche, J; Le Gac, I; Léger, J; Luton, D; Noel, M; Oury, JF; Polak, M; Schlageter, MH; Tébeka, B; Toubert, ME; Vuillard, E, 2005)	0.33
" However, these dangers are part of a larger problem: there are data showing that large numbers of patients are already receiving an improper dosage of levothyroxine, as judged from measurements of serum TSH."	( New questions regarding bioequivalence of levothyroxine preparations: a clinician's response. Green, WL, 2005)	0.33
"5% would be declared bioequivalent; and (4) there was evidence of significant carryover from one dosing period to the next even with washout periods of up to 53 days."	( Current methodology to assess bioequivalence of levothyroxine sodium products is inadequate. Blakesley, VA, 2005)	0.33
" Groups of five male and five female Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered 2MI by dosed feed at 0, 1,200, 3,300, or 10,000 ppm or 4MI at 0, 300, 800, or 2,500 ppm for 15 days, and groups of 10 male and 10 female Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered 2MI or 4MI at 0, 625, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000 or 10,000 ppm for 14 weeks."	( Induction of thyroid lesions in 14-week toxicity studies of 2 and 4-methylimidazole in Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Chan, P; Mahler, J; Nyska, A; Travlos, G; Wenk, M, 2006)	0.33
" Under laboratory conditions, juvenile fish were fed by hand twice daily to satiation diets dosed with one of several concentrations of 4-NP (doses varied between 0 (control) and 2000 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, then immediately transferred to sea water."	( Effects of dietary exposure of 4-nonylphenol on growth and smoltification of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Hall, KJ; Higgs, DA; Ikonomou, M; Keen, PL, 2005)	0.33
" A short-term dosing model to examine the effects of environmental mixtures on thyroid homeostasis has been developed."	( Thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals: evidence for dose-dependent additivity or synergism. Carchman, RA; Carter, WH; Craft, ES; Crofton, KM; DeVito, MJ; Gennings, C; Hedge, JM; Simmons, JE, 2005)	0.33
" Adult male rats were dosed for 30 days with daily intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 2 mg/kg Aroclor or vehicle (corn oil)."	( Studies on the protective role of vitamin C and E against polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254)--induced oxidative damage in Leydig cells. Arunakaran, J; Balasubramanian, K; Murugesan, P; Muthusamy, T, 2005)	0.33
"The T4 replacement dosage after total or near-total thyroidectomy is largely influenced by bodyweight."	( Optimization of thyroxine replacement therapy after total or near-total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Chadwick, DR; Olubowale, O, 2006)	0.33
" However, the dose-response characteristics of the HPT axis are nonlinear and complex, requiring sophisticated tools, such as PBPK models, to characterize dose response."	( Effect of PCB 126 on hepatic metabolism of thyroxine and perturbations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat. Almekinder, TL; Bruckner, JV; Campbell, J; Crofton, KM; Ferguson, D; Fisher, JW; Harmon, B; Hedge, JM; Kim, H; Mumtaz, M; Muralidhara, S, 2006)	0.33
" A blood sample was taken from each patient, for dosing TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TgAb, TPOAb."	( [Evaluation of thyroid function in a group of over-eighty year-old people]. Dattilo, B; De Nardo, F; Galasso, D; Galasso, S; Gareri, P; La Cava, R; Ruotolo, G; Talarico, F; Tancrè, D, 2005)	0.33
" These schedules attempted to match clinical trial dosing regimens."	( Safety assessment of 4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in the beagle dog suggests a drug-induced centrally mediated effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Colagiovanni, DB; Dihel, L; Drolet, DW; Hart, K; Meyer, DJ; Wolf, J, )	0.13
" She recovered completely by gradual dosage increase of short-acting corticosteroid after the discontinuation of prednisolone."	( Acute onset of steroid psychosis with very low dose of prednisolone in Sheehan's syndrome. Cho, DH; Chung, DJ; Chung, MY; Hong, SI; Kang, HC, 2006)	0.33
"Our objective was to test whether adjustment of T(4) dosage aiming for a serum TSH concentration less than 2 mU/liter improves well-being compared with a serum TSH concentration in the upper reference range."	( Small changes in thyroxine dosage do not produce measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms, well-being, or quality of life: results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Bhagat, CI; Burke, V; Gilbert, R; Gillett, MJ; Henley, D; Shiels, L; Stuckey, BG; Tanner, M; Walsh, JP; Ward, LC, 2006)	0.33
"Small changes in T(4) dosage do not produce measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms, well-being, or quality of life, despite the expected changes in serum TSH and markers of thyroid hormone action."	( Small changes in thyroxine dosage do not produce measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms, well-being, or quality of life: results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Bhagat, CI; Burke, V; Gilbert, R; Gillett, MJ; Henley, D; Shiels, L; Stuckey, BG; Tanner, M; Walsh, JP; Ward, LC, 2006)	0.33
" Superovulation was induced by injections of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in rats dosed with 125, 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg body weight of DEHP for 4 consecutive days."	( Involvement of thyroxine in ovarian toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Honma, T; Ito, S; Sekiguchi, S; Suda, M, 2006)	0.33
" Initial dosage of 10 to 15 microg/kg levothyroxine is recommended."	( Update of newborn screening and therapy for congenital hypothyroidism. Brown, RS; Foley, T; Kaplowitz, PB; Kaye, CI; Rose, SR; Sundararajan, S; Varma, SK, 2006)	0.33
" However thyroidectomy shifted the dose-response curve for glucose uptake from the isolated intestinal sac incubated with adrenaline to the right of the curve for euthyroid rats."	( Catecholamines potentiate the effect of thyroid hormone on intestinal absorption of glucose in the rat. Elegbe, RA; Olaleye, SB, 2005)	0.33
" The management of exogenous SubHyper relies on appropriate adjustment of T4 dosage taking into consideration a) individual requirements in T4, sex, age and the presence of cardiovascular disease or other co-morbidity, b) the recognition that small changes in serum FT4 have a logarithmic effect on TSH, c) the variability of FT4-TSH interactions between individuals, d) the instability of T4 preparations and its bioavailability, and e) the values of serum FT4 and FT3 that accompany a suppressed TSH."	( The problem of exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. Batrinos, ML, )	0.13
" The dosage of carbimazole needed to achieve euthyroidism ranged from 4 to 17 mg twice daily."	( [Transdermal carbimazole for the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism]. Buijtels, JJ; Galac, S; Kooistra, HS; Kurvers, IA; Winter, EA, 2006)	0.33
" The group character suggests a direct relation with the trisomic state of chromosome 21, hypothetically through genomic dosage imbalance of dosage-sensitive genes interfering with thyroid hormone production."	( Trisomy 21 causes persistent congenital hypothyroidism presumably of thyroidal origin. de Vijlder, JJ; Endert, E; Kempers, MJ; Tijssen, JG; van Trotsenburg, AS; Vulsma, T, 2006)	0.33
" After 15 days, the 40 mg dosage was decreased to 20mg/kg body weight for an additional 20 days (35 days of PTU)."	( Serum thyroid hormones and performance of offspring in ewes receiving propylthiouracil with or without melatonin. Duffey, JL; Gifford, CA; Hallford, DM; Knight, RL, 2007)	0.34
" The median dosage of lithium was 750 mg daily, with a range of 500 to 1500 mg daily."	( Use of lithium in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Chan, FK; Choi, CH; Choi, KL; Kong, PS; Ng, CM; Ng, YW; Shek, CC; Tiu, SC, 2006)	0.33
" In a dose-response trial, metformin increased insulin sensitivity after 30 days following administration of 3 g day(-1), but not 6 or 9 g day(-1), compared with controls receiving vehicle only."	( Obesity is associated with altered metabolic and reproductive activity in the mare: effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and reproductive cyclicity. Fitzgerald, BP; Kennedy, EL; Murphy, BA; Reedy, SE; Sessions, DR; Vick, MM, 2006)	0.33
" Single daily replacement doses may suppress levels of converting enzymes in the brain, suggesting that physiologic 'mimicry' provided by a constant infusion may be the preferred dosing option."	( Neonatal thyroxine supplementation for transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity : beneficial or detrimental? Ares, S; Fisher, D; Golombek, SG; Kok, JH; La Gamma, EF; Morreale de Escobar, G; Paneth, N; Quero, J; van Wassenaer, AG, 2006)	0.33
" To address bioequivalence, we explored how to best account for varying and unmeasured endogenous T(4) following dosing with exogenous oral L-T(4) in euthyroid volunteers in required pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, by simulating various dosing scenarios and developing a new and simple correction method."	( L-T4 bioequivalence and hormone replacement studies via feedback control simulations. DiStefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M; Samuels, M, 2006)	0.33
" Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were performed to analyze the significance of difference in thyroxine dosing and TSH levels between the different phosphate binders."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
" Sevelamer was also found to be associated with significantly higher dosing requirement of thyroid replacement than those on either calcium carbonate or calcium acetate (Z = -3."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
" Failure to recommend increased thyroxine dosage early in pregnancy (thus placing the offspring of women being treated for hypothyroidism at risk of impaired fetal brain development)."	( Barriers in the quest for quality drug information: salutary lessons from TGA-approved sources for thyroid-related medications. Stockigt, JR, 2007)	0.34
" No correlation was found between duration or dosage of treatment and BMI-SDS, height-SDS, or androgen level."	( Endocrine effects of valproate in adolescent girls with epilepsy. de Vries, L; Goldberg-Stern, H; Karasik, A; Kiviti, S; Landau, Z; Phillip, M, 2007)	0.34
" Per-week dosage of L-T4 was significantly higher in patients with DTC than in controls (P < ."	( Serum osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand levels in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a case-controlled cohort study. Cecoli, F; Ceresola, E; De Franchis, V; Fazzuoli, L; Ferone, D; Giusti, M; Minuto, F; Mussap, M, 2007)	0.34
" The dosage of LT4 was adjusted to maintain the normal level of thyroid function."	( [Clinical analysis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy]. Wang, YF; Yang, HX, 2007)	0.34
" The average LT4 dosage in pre-gestation, the first, second, third trimester and postpartum was (33 +/- 35), (51 +/- 36), (68 +/- 42), (76 +/- 42) and (38 +/- 34) microg/d, respectively."	( [Clinical analysis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy]. Wang, YF; Yang, HX, 2007)	0.34
" 55 patients with benign nodular goiter after the first PEI session during the whole study period (from 3 till 12 months after PEI) daily received euthyrox in a dosage - 50 mkg."	( [Percutaneous ethanol injection in combination with euthyrox suppressive therapy in the treatment of benign nodular goiter]. Meskhi, IA; Natmeladze, KV; Sikharulidze, EN, 2007)	0.34
" This suggests that T(4) dosage based on bw and aiming at fT4 in the upper reference range is superior to titration of T(4) aiming at middle normal fT4 concentrations in those patients."	( Thyroid hormone replacement for central hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of thyroxine (T4) with a combination of T4 and triiodothyronine. Beuschlein, F; Borm, K; Hug, MJ; Klawitter, B; Lubrich, B; Meiser, E; Nauck, M; Olschewski, M; Peper, M; Reincke, M; Schories, M; Slawik, M; Zwermann, O, 2007)	0.34
" L-thyroxine replacement with suppressive dosage should be employed targeting chronic TSH suppression."	( [Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents]. Calliari, LE; Kochi, C; Longui, CA; Marone, M; Monte, O; Scalisse, NM, 2007)	0.34
" For the patients with a small maintenance dosage of levothyroxine (15."	( [Observation time for drug administration and withdrawal in the treatment of children with congenital hypothyroidism]. Chen, XX; Mao, HQ; Shi, YH; Xu, YH; Yang, RL; Zhao, ZY; Zhou, XL, 2007)	0.34
" In Experiment 1, Japanese quail and Balb/c mice were dosed orally with vehicle or Aroclor 1254 (250 or 500mg/kg) and sacrificed 5days later."	( Polychlorinated biphenyl effects on avian hepatic enzyme induction and thyroid function. McNabb, FM; Webb, CM, 2008)	0.35
" (3) During the 8 days of dosing with PFOS, TSH was not elevated in male rats, while TT4 and TT3 were decreased."	( Thyroid hormone status and pituitary function in adult rats given oral doses of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Bjork, JA; Butenhoff, JL; Chang, SC; Eastvold, ML; Ehresman, DJ; Froehlich, JW; Lau, C; Singh, RJ; Thibodeaux, JR; Wallace, KB, 2008)	0.35
"These findings suggest that oral dosing in rats with PFOS results in transiently increased tissue availability of the thyroid hormones and turnover of T4 with a resulting reduction in serum TT4."	( Thyroid hormone status and pituitary function in adult rats given oral doses of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Bjork, JA; Butenhoff, JL; Chang, SC; Eastvold, ML; Ehresman, DJ; Froehlich, JW; Lau, C; Singh, RJ; Thibodeaux, JR; Wallace, KB, 2008)	0.35
" In the second study, pregnant Wistar rats were dosed with propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole or ketoconazole (50 mg/kg/day each) from gestational day (GD) 7 to GD 21."	( Endocrine-disrupting properties in vivo of widely used azole fungicides. Axelstad, M; Hass, U; Metzdorff, S; Nellemann, C; Taxvig, C; Vinggaard, AM, 2008)	0.35
"Our objective was to investigate whether this polymorphism predicts the T4 dosage needed to obtain target TSH levels in thyroidectomized patients."	( Type 2 deiodinase polymorphism (threonine 92 alanine) predicts L-thyroxine dose to achieve target thyrotropin levels in thyroidectomized patients. Augello, G; Bruno, R; Crocetti, U; D'Arcangelo, P; Dallapiccola, B; Durante, C; Filetti, S; Montesano, T; Ronga, G; Santini, S; Torlontano, M; Torrente, I; Travascio, L; Trischitta, V; Verrienti, A, 2008)	0.35
"Both groups exhibited a significant positive correlation between IL-6 and levothyroxine replacement dosage (group A: r=0."	( Post-thyroidectomy thyroxine replacement dose in patients with or without compensated heart failure: the role of cytokines. Antonoglou, C; Gioka, T; Kotsiou, S; Maltezos, E; Papanas, N; Papatheodorou, K; Papazoglou, D, 2008)	0.35
"A biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model was developed for dietary iodide and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in adult rats."	( A biologically based dose-response model for dietary iodide and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the adult rat: evaluation of iodide deficiency. Andersen, ME; Fisher, JW; McLanahan, ED, 2008)	0.35
" The levothyroxine dosage was increased to 225 mcg/d."	( Exacerbation of underlying hypothyroidism caused by proteinuria and induction of urinary thyroxine loss: case report and subsequent investigation. Chandurkar, V; Randell, E; Shik, J, )	0.13
" The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment of 83 hyperthyroid cats with 131I The dosage of 131I ranged from 4 to 6 milliCurie (mCi)."	( [Treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine-131]. Hof, AJ; van Dijl, IC, 2008)	0.35
" Mice were dosed with PBDE-47 on postnatal day 10, and serum collected either 1, 5, or 10 days after the dose."	( Lack of alterations in thyroid hormones following exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 during a period of rapid brain development in mice. Gee, JR; Hedge, JM; Moser, VC, 2008)	0.35
" We have examined the effects of initial T4 dosage on somatic growth--a putative surrogate marker of overtreatment."	( Effect of high versus low initial doses of L-thyroxine for congenital hypothyroidism on thyroid function and somatic growth. Beaton, S; Donaldson, MD; Gellén, B; Jones, JH; Paterson, WF, 2008)	0.35
"5%) increased L-T4 doses during gestation one or more times, eight (6%) reached a definitive therapeutic dosage within the 12th week of pregnancy, 64 (47."	( Adjustment of L-T4 substitutive therapy in pregnant women with subclinical, overt or post-ablative hypothyroidism. Beck-Peccoz, P; Bergamaschi, S; Cortelazzi, D; Marconi, AM; Ronzoni, S; Verga, U, 2009)	0.35
" Plasma was collected for free T4 dosage and the spleen for histomorphometry analysis, apoptosis index and the immunohistochemistry expression of caspase 3 and CDC47."	( [Apoptosis, proliferation and spleen histomorphometry of adult female rats with thyroid and ovarian hypofunction]. Gomes, MG; Moro, L; Ocarino, NM; Ribeiro, AF; Serakides, R; Silva, CM; Vasconcelos, AC, 2008)	0.35
" The combined T(4) + T(3) dosing needed to normalize both plasma and tissue T(3) levels was 105 microg L-T(4) + 9 microg T(3) per day."	( Extensions, validation, and clinical applications of a feedback control system simulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. DiStefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M; Samuels, M, 2008)	0.35
" Parenteral T(4) administration-TSH, T(3), and T(4) levels were maintained within normal ranges for all four of these dosing schemes (1x vs."	( Extensions, validation, and clinical applications of a feedback control system simulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. DiStefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M; Samuels, M, 2008)	0.35
" Dose-response assays for the fenamic acids, iopanoic acid, indocyanine green, and phenytoin revealed IC(50) values for Oatp1c1 T(4) uptake below or near the blood plasma levels after therapeutic doses."	( Competitive inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1-mediated thyroxine transport by the fenamate class of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Anderson, GW; Drewes, LR; Rumbley, JN; Stenehjem, DD; Westholm, DE, 2009)	0.35
" Inadequate pre-pregnancy control of thyroid function is associated with a need to increase thyroxine dosage during pregnancy."	( Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: pre-pregnancy thyroid status influences gestational thyroxine requirements. Girling, J; Kothari, A, 2008)	0.35
" The dissolution of T4 from three commercial solid oral dosage forms: Synthroid (SYN), generic levothyroxine sodium by Sandoz Inc."	( A comparative pH-dissolution profile study of selected commercial levothyroxine products using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Akhlaghi, F; Pabla, D; Zia, H, 2009)	0.35
" This study aimed to elucidate the postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) time and dosage in children with CP."	( Postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances and hormone replacement therapy time and dosage in children with craniopharyngiomas. Li, GM; Shao, P; Sun, XJ, 2008)	0.35
" The appropriate time and dosage of HRT were investigated."	( Postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances and hormone replacement therapy time and dosage in children with craniopharyngiomas. Li, GM; Shao, P; Sun, XJ, 2008)	0.35
"001) between L-T4 and primary FT4 in Group A patients with CP after resection, giving a regression equation of L-T4 dosage (microg."	( Postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances and hormone replacement therapy time and dosage in children with craniopharyngiomas. Li, GM; Shao, P; Sun, XJ, 2008)	0.35
"Patients with CP after resection often displayed MPHD, and needed total HRT at appropriate time and dosage to improve the quality of life and normal growth."	( Postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances and hormone replacement therapy time and dosage in children with craniopharyngiomas. Li, GM; Shao, P; Sun, XJ, 2008)	0.35
" The dosage of levothyroxine (LT4) and antithyroid drugs was adjusted in attempt to keep the serum-free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations within the normal range."	( Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis in patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Akin, F; Kaptanoglu, B; Turgut, S; Yaylali, GF, 2009)	0.35
"Dogs received L-T4 solution PO once daily at a starting dosage of 20 microg/kg body weight (BW)."	( Clinical evaluation of a novel liquid formulation of L-thyroxine for once daily treatment of dogs with hypothyroidism. Brennan, SF; Burgaud, S; Daminet, S; Gommeren, K; Horspool, LJ; Le Traon, G; Mooney, CT; Rosenberg, D, )	0.13
" The starting dosage of 20 microg L-T4/kg BW once daily was suitable for 79% of dogs."	( Clinical evaluation of a novel liquid formulation of L-thyroxine for once daily treatment of dogs with hypothyroidism. Brennan, SF; Burgaud, S; Daminet, S; Gommeren, K; Horspool, LJ; Le Traon, G; Mooney, CT; Rosenberg, D, )	0.13
" Pregnant dams were dosed with nitrate in the drinking water from gestational day (GD) 7 to GD21 at the following dose levels 17."	( Evaluation of endocrine disrupting effects of nitrate after in utero exposure in rats and of nitrate and nitrite in the H295R and T-screen assay. Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hansen, PR; Hass, U; Kiersgaard, MK; Nellemann, C; Taxvig, C, 2009)	0.35
" Concerns remain about efficacy and safety of the current protocol, based on PK analysis following supraphysiological L-T(4) dosing in euthyroid volunteers, and recent recalls due to intrabrand manufacturing problems also suggest need for further refinement."	( TSH-based protocol, tablet instability, and absorption effects on L-T4 bioequivalence. Distefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M, 2009)	0.35
" Bioequivalence: We explored a TSH-based protocol, using normal replacement dosing in simulated thyroidectomized patients, switching brands after 8 weeks of full replacement dosing."	( TSH-based protocol, tablet instability, and absorption effects on L-T4 bioequivalence. Distefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M, 2009)	0.35
"A pharmacodynamic TSH-measurement bioequivalence protocol, using normal L-T(4) replacement dosing in athyreotic volunteers, is likely to be more sensitive and safer than current FDA Guidance based on T(4) PK."	( TSH-based protocol, tablet instability, and absorption effects on L-T4 bioequivalence. Distefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M, 2009)	0.35
" Male Wistar and TR(-) rats were dosed orally (4 days) with phenobarbital (PB; 100 mg/kg) or DMP 904 (200 mg/kg), after which T4 homeostasis and hepatic cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, xenobiotic transporters, and T4 glucuronidation were determined."	( Hepatobiliary disposition of thyroid hormone in Mrp2-deficient TR- rats: reduced biliary excretion of thyroxine glucuronide does not prevent xenobiotic-induced hypothyroidism. Dieter, MZ; Gemzik, B; Klaassen, CD; Lecureux, L; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Nelson, DM; Watson, L; Wong, H, 2009)	0.35
" The optimal management strategy for thyroid hormone dosing in hypothyroid women during pregnancy is controversial."	( The magnitude of increased levothyroxine requirements in hypothyroid pregnant women depends upon the etiology of the hypothyroidism. Burman, KD; Jonklaas, J; Loh, JA; Wartofsky, L, 2009)	0.35
" Patients require vigilant monitoring of thyroid function upon confirmation of conception and anticipatory adjustments to LT(4) dosing based on the etiology of their hypothyroidism."	( The magnitude of increased levothyroxine requirements in hypothyroid pregnant women depends upon the etiology of the hypothyroidism. Burman, KD; Jonklaas, J; Loh, JA; Wartofsky, L, 2009)	0.35
" A few days later, typical secondary adrenal failure developed and was confirmed by dosage of cortisol and ACTH, both low."	( [Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus and secondary adrenal failure in a human immunodeficiency virus patient treated with ritonavir boosted atazanavir and fluticasone]. Beressi, J-; Collet-Gaudillat, C; Desforges-Bullet, V; Doll, J; Petit-Aubert, G; Roussin-Bretagne, S, 2009)	0.35
"We evaluated the proposed mode of action for ClO4(-)-induced rat HPT axis perturbations using a biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model of the HPT axis coupled with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of ClO4(-)."	( Competitive inhibition of thyroidal uptake of dietary iodide by perchlorate does not describe perturbations in rat serum total T4 and TSH. Andersen, ME; Campbell, JL; Fisher, JW; McLanahan, ED, 2009)	0.35
" If needed, levothyroxine dosage was adjusted and reassessed after 1 month."	( Effect of thyroxine supplementation on glomerular filtration rate in hypothyroid dogs. Benchekroun, G; Daminet, S; Gommeren, K; Lefebvre, HP; Smets, P; van Hoek, I, )	0.13
" Significantly higher hormone levels were observed in the Chinese bullfrog compared to the other two species, for both the time-course and dose-response experiments."	( Ovine thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) heterologously stimulates production of thyroid hormones from Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana and Rana rugulosa) thyroids in vitro. Chien, JT; Huang, WT; Jeng, YY; Lu, LC; Weng, CF; Yu, JY, 2009)	0.35
" Linear regression analysis evaluated relationships of dosage (mg/kg), dosing interval (q24h versus q12h), and time after methimazole to all thyroid hormone concentrations."	( Optimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats. Kruger, JM; Nachreiner, RF; Rutland, BE, )	0.13
" In hyperthyroid cats, there were no significant relationships between thyroid hormone concentrations and time postpill or dosing interval."	( Optimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats. Kruger, JM; Nachreiner, RF; Rutland, BE, )	0.13
"Uncertainty exists about the best approach to manage levothyroxine dosage in women with hypothyroidism, once they become pregnant."	( Thyroid function: the complexity of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Alexander, EK, 2009)	0.35
"Prenatal treatment varied widely in terms of l-thyroxine dosage (200-800 microg/injection), number of injections (one to six), and frequency (every 1-4 wk)."	( Experience with intraamniotic thyroxine treatment in nonimmune fetal goitrous hypothyroidism in 12 cases. Bertrand, AM; Castanet, M; Guibourdenche, J; Luton, D; Polak, M; Ribault, V; Vuillard, E, 2009)	0.35
" Female Long-Evans rats, 23 days of age, were dosed with dilutions of a mixture of 18 PHAHs (2 dioxins, 4 dibenzofurans, and 12 PCBs, including dioxin-like and non-dioxin like PCBs) and a mixture of 3 pesticides (thiram, pronamide, and mancozeb) for four consecutive days."	( Predictive modeling of a mixture of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals that affect production and clearance of thyroxine. Crofton, KM; DeVito, MJ; Flippin, JL; Hedge, JM; Leblanc, GA, )	0.13
" These data along with T(4) and E(2)17betaG cis-inhibition dose-response measurements revealed shared high- and low-affinity Oatp1c1 binding sites for T(4) and E(2)17betaG."	( The blood-brain barrier thyroxine transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1c1 displays atypical transport kinetics. Anderson, GW; Rumbley, JN; Salo, DR; Viken, KJ; Westholm, DE, 2009)	0.35
"To examine the performance of weight-based formulae for estimating the levothyroxine dosage requirement in athyreotic patients and to determine whether formula performance is affected by age, sex, or menstrual status."	( Sex and age differences in levothyroxine dosage requirement. Jonklaas, J, )	0.13
" Patient weight, serum thyrotropin concentration, and levothyroxine dosage required were recorded at each time point."	( Sex and age differences in levothyroxine dosage requirement. Jonklaas, J, )	0.13
"When actual body weight was used to calculate levothyroxine dosage requirement, premenopausal women appeared to have a greater requirement than either menopausal women or men."	( Sex and age differences in levothyroxine dosage requirement. Jonklaas, J, )	0.13
"A knowledge gap exists in pediatric medication dosing recommendations due in part to the complexity of researching medication efficacy and safety in children."	( Can de facto dosing practices bridge the knowledge gap in pediatric medication recommendations? Dubey, A; Scheufele, EL, 2009)	0.35
" The extended dosing period after VO provides a sufficient time period to monitor the effects of a toxicant on estrous cyclicity, an important measure for reproductive competence."	( The effects of simazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, on pubertal development in the female Wistar rat. Gibson, EK; Stoker, TE; Zorrilla, LM, 2010)	0.36
"T4 or placebo was given at an initial dosage of one tablet of either placebo or 25 microg T4 per day for 12 months."	( A randomized controlled trial of the effect of thyroxine replacement on cognitive function in community-living elderly subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: the Birmingham Elderly Thyroid study. Franklyn, J; Haque, MS; Heath, C; Hobbs, FD; Parle, J; Pattison, H; Roalfe, A; Roberts, L; Sheppard, M; Wilson, S, 2010)	0.36
" Blood samples were taken before dosing the animals and 48 hours post exposure to determine the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations."	( Prospective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in attenuating hexavalent chromium-induced functional and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Mahmood, T; Qureshi, IZ, 2010)	0.36
"We noted all patients' reduced LT4 dosage needs, including 7 (47%) who did not require any LT4 through the 9-month follow-up."	( Low-level laser therapy in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a pilot study. Cerri, GG; Chammas, MC; Chavantes, MC; Höfling, DB; Juliano, AG; Romão, R; Yoshimura, EM, 2010)	0.36
" Further studies are needed to determine the best timing and dosage of administration of rhTSH in healthy and thyroid carcinoma dogs."	( Effect of recombinant human TSH on the uptake of radioactive iodine ((123)I) by the thyroid gland in healthy beagles. Campos, M; Daminet, S; Dobbeleir, A; Duchateau, L; Paes, G; Peremans, K; van Hoek, I; Vandermeulen, E, 2010)	0.36
" The putative antagonist Amiodarone, Bisphenol A (BPA) and its halogenated derivatives (TCBPA and TBBPA) for which effects reported in the literature are not consistent, showed comparable dose-response curves with a slight agonistic effect (5% of T(3)-max) followed by a slight antagonistic effect."	( Detection of thyroid hormone receptor disruptors by a novel stable in vitro reporter gene assay. Cano, P; Craig-Veit, C; Freitas, J; Furlow, JD; Goodson, ML; Murk, AJ, 2011)	0.37
"The treatment of maternal hypothyroidism presents clinicians with a unique challenge, because dosing regimens previously developed and validated for nonpregnant women cannot be easily extrapolated to dosing in pregnancy."	( Longitudinal comparison of thyroxine pharmacokinetics between pregnant and nonpregnant women: a stable isotope study. Landy, HJ; Soldin, OP; Soldin, SJ; Vinks, AA; Younis, I, 2010)	0.36
" After reduction of her levothyroxine dosage to 100 μg daily, results of thyroid function tests showed improvement."	( Levothyroxine pseudomalabsorption and thyroxine absorption testing with use of high-dose levothyroxine: case report and discussion. Oyibo, SO; Srinivas, V, )	0.13
"120 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups according to the body weight: control group, non-treatment hypothyroidism group, hypothyroidism groups supplied with L-T(4) in high, medium and low dosage in early stage (1st-17th day of pregnancy) and in late stage (18th day of pregnancy-20th day after childbirth)."	( [Effects of supplement of thyroxine for hypothyroid pregnant rat on the expression of homeobox gene Nkx2.1 mRNA in the offspring's cerebrum tissue]. Guo, G; Li, JH; Li, Y; Liang, DC; Na, R; Wang, BL; Zhang, R; Zhao, XJ, 2010)	0.36
"1 mRNA in hypothyroidism groups was decreased in group supplied with L-T(4) in medium dosage in early stage descends in 17th day of pregnancy, new-born and 20th day after birth (57."	( [Effects of supplement of thyroxine for hypothyroid pregnant rat on the expression of homeobox gene Nkx2.1 mRNA in the offspring's cerebrum tissue]. Guo, G; Li, JH; Li, Y; Liang, DC; Na, R; Wang, BL; Zhang, R; Zhao, XJ, 2010)	0.36
" Groups of 14-18 pregnant Wistar rats were dosed with 0, 500, 750 or 1000 mg OMC/kg bw/day during gestation and lactation."	( Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to the UV-filter octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the reproductive, auditory and neurological development of rat offspring. Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Hougaard, KS; Jacobsen, PR; Lund, SP; Mandrup, KR; Nellemann, C, 2011)	0.37
" Results showed that administration of prednisone at a dosage of 1 mg/kg, orally, once daily for 7 days decreased total T(4) , while fT(4) was unchanged, suggesting that fT(4) may be less affected by daily prednisone administration."	( Effect of an anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone on thyroid hormone monitoring in hypothyroid dogs. Frank, LA; O'Neill, SH; Reynolds, LM, 2011)	0.37
" This may result in great improvement in consumer compliance, avoid frequent dosing and enhance the therapeutic effectiveness."	( Smart polymeric nanofibers for topical delivery of levothyroxine. Azarbayjani, AF; Chan, SY; Chan, YW; Lim, PF; Ramakrishna, S; Venugopal, JR, 2010)	0.36
" Using logistic regression, we tested a variety of continuous risk models and conducted categorical analyses for all subjects combined and for females (53 cases, n = 5,767) and males (23 cases, n = 6,086) separately but found no convincing evidence of a dose-response relationship between (131)I and hyperthyroidism."	( Prevalence of hyperthyroidism after exposure during childhood or adolescence to radioiodines from the chornobyl nuclear accident: dose-response results from the Ukrainian-American Cohort Study. Bouville, A; Brenner, A; Furukawa, K; Hatch, M; Markov, V; McConnell, R; Olinjyk, V; Ostroumova, E; Ron, E; Shpak, V; Terekhova, G; Tronko, M; Zablotska, L, 2010)	0.36
" The diet was added CS at dosage of 100 mg/kg bw on the first day of the treated phase."	( [Effects of cysteamine on the plasma levels of SS and some metabolic hormones in adult geese]. Ai, XJ; Chen, WH; Han, ZK; Zheng, YL, 2004)	0.32
" Even at a very high dosage TRH did not affect the obesity of genetically obese mice."	( Effects of long-term intraperitoneal injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on aging- and obesity-related changes in body weight, lipid metabolism, and thyroid functions. Lesnikov, VA; Pierpaoli, W, 2011)	0.37
" The goals of this study were to provide parametric and dose-response information for development of a quantitative model of the thyroid axis."	( Marginal iodide deficiency and thyroid function: dose-response analysis for quantitative pharmacokinetic modeling. Blount, BC; Crofton, KM; Fisher, JW; Gilbert, ME; Hedge, J; McLanahan, ED; Valentín-Blasini, L, 2011)	0.37
" We conclude from this series of experiments that to maintain an accurate and stable dosing of patients receiving intravenous thyroid hormones, 1 mg/mL of albumin must be added to the infusate to prevent lost on the plastic intravenous tubing."	( Stability of thyroid hormones during continuous infusion. Alpan, G; Corbi, D; Frey, M; Golombek, SG; Lagamma, EF, 2011)	0.37
"Two single-dose randomized two-way crossover pharmacokinetic equivalence studies and one dosage form proportionality single-dose study comparing low, medium, and high strengths of the new formulation."	( Pharmacokinetic equivalence of a levothyroxine sodium soft capsule manufactured using the new food and drug administration potency guidelines in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Colucci, P; D'Angelo, P; Ducharme, MP; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C, 2011)	0.37
" The dosage form proportionality study compared the 50-, 100-, and 150-μg test capsules strengths dosed at the same level (600 μg) and all three strengths were considered equivalent when given at the same dosage."	( Pharmacokinetic equivalence of a levothyroxine sodium soft capsule manufactured using the new food and drug administration potency guidelines in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Colucci, P; D'Angelo, P; Ducharme, MP; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C, 2011)	0.37
"Among adults aged 70 or more, current levothyroxine treatment was associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture, with a strong dose-response relation."	( Levothyroxine dose and risk of fractures in older adults: nested case-control study. Anderson, GM; Austin, PC; Camacho, X; Fischer, HD; Lipscombe, LL; Rochon, PA; Turner, MR, 2011)	0.37
" Our aim was to find an optimum dosing strategy for (131)I treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease (GD)."	( Striving for euthyroidism in radioiodine therapy of Graves' disease: a 12-year prospective, randomized, open-label blinded end point study. Chen, DY; Chen, TH; He, ZM; Jing, J; Schneider, PF; Zhang, XS, 2011)	0.37
" All studied contaminants inhibited DI activity in a dose-response manner, with the exception of BDE 99 and two OH-BDEs."	( Halogenated phenolic contaminants inhibit the in vitro activity of the thyroid-regulating deiodinases in human liver. Butt, CM; Stapleton, HM; Wang, D, 2011)	0.37
" Although the effects of PB in blocking the surge release of luteinizing hormone (LH), inducing anovulation and prolonging the diestrous period has been well established, there is still no research describing the appearance of persistent estrous states in normal cycling rats dosed with PB."	( Hypothyroidism caused by phenobarbital affects patterns of estrous cyclicity in rats. Ishiguro, T; Kawakami, Y; Kumazawa, T; Li, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Nishitani, H; Tagawa, Y, 2011)	0.37
" The study results indicate that the current regulatory criteria for the value of similarity factor in comparative dissolution testing, as well as request for very rapid dissolution (more than 85% of drug dissolved in 15 min), are very restricted for immediate-release dosage forms containing highly soluble drug substance and need further investigation."	( An investigation into the influence of experimental conditions on in vitro drug release from immediate-release tablets of levothyroxine sodium and its relation to oral bioavailability. Dacevic, M; Homsek, I; Kocic, I; Miljkovic, B; Parojcic, J, 2011)	0.37
" Associations with adverse outcomes of cardiovascular and bone health are in all likelihood causally related to SCH in view of an observed dose-response relationship and the existence of a plausible biologic mechanism."	( Should we treat mild subclinical/mild hyperthyroidism? Yes. Wiersinga, WM, 2011)	0.37
" After complete thyroidectomy and substitution with levothyroxine (l-T(4)), the preoperative, inadequately low T(4) and free T(4) remained, while increasing the l-T(4) dosage led to T(3) serum concentrations above the normal range."	( Monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency: altered thyroid morphology and persistent high triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio after thyroidectomy. Chiu-Ugalde, J; de Angelis, MH; Grüters, A; Klein, MO; Köhrle, J; Krude, H; Mossbrugger, I; Quintanilla-Martinez, L; Riebel, T; Rothe, K; Sapin, R; Schmid, KW; Schweizer, U; Sheu, SY; Wirth, EK, 2011)	0.37
" Rats were perinatally dosed with a commercial PBDE mixture, DE-71."	( Altered cardiovascular reactivity and osmoregulation during hyperosmotic stress in adult rats developmentally exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Coburn, CG; Currás-Collazo, MC; Gaertner, M; Gillard, ER; Kodavanti, PR; Leon-Olea, M; Nichol, R; Shah, A; Shahidzadeh, A; Watson-Siriboe, A; Whitley, R, 2011)	0.37
" Female Long-Evans rats were dosed with corn oil vehicle, PCBs (3 or 6 mg/kg), molar equivalent doses of PBDEs (5."	( Effects of developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and/or polybrominated diphenyl ethers on cochlear function. Ferguson, DC; McAlonan, RM; Poon, E; Powers, BE; Schantz, SL, 2011)	0.37
" Serum free T(4) and TSH should be checked at intervals frequent enough to ensure timely adjustment of l-T(4) dosing and to keep serum free T(4) and TSH levels in target ranges."	( Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism. LaFranchi, SH, 2011)	0.37
" We sought to determine if levothyroxine dosing was influenced by the presence and treatment of celiac disease."	( Celiac disease and hypothyroidism. Collins, D; Nathan, M; Wilcox, R; Zubarik, R, 2012)	0.38
" The IBWB LT4 dosage was not statistically different between groups."	( Levothyroxine dose following thyroidectomy is affected by more than just body weight. Baehr, KM; Erickson, J; Goldner, W; Lyden, E; Treude, K, 2012)	0.38
"Number of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assays performed during pregnancy and the changes in dosage of thyroxine prescribed during pregnancy."	( Thyroid testing in pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction in Tayside, Scotland: the thyroid epidemiology, audit and research study (TEARS). Donnan, PT; Leese, GP; Mires, GJ; Vadiveloo, T, 2013)	0.39
" LT(4) may be the preferred option for most children, given the convenience of single daily dosing and familiarity of pediatric endocrinologists with its administration."	( Simulation of post-thyroidectomy treatment alternatives for triiodothyronine or thyroxine replacement in pediatric thyroid cancer patients. Ben-Shachar, R; DiStefano, JJ; Eisenberg, M; Huang, SA, 2012)	0.38
"To determine the dose-response relationship of the thyroid for radiation-induced hypothyroidism in head-and-neck radiation therapy, according to 6 normal tissue complication probability models, and to find the best-fit parameters of the models."	( Normal tissue complication probability modeling of radiation-induced hypothyroidism after head-and-neck radiation therapy. Bakhshandeh, M; Hashemi, B; Kazemnejad, A; Mahdavi, SR; Nikoofar, A; Vasheghani, M, 2013)	0.39
" The mean dose model can be used as the best model to describe the dose-response relationship for hypothyroidism complication."	( Normal tissue complication probability modeling of radiation-induced hypothyroidism after head-and-neck radiation therapy. Bakhshandeh, M; Hashemi, B; Kazemnejad, A; Mahdavi, SR; Nikoofar, A; Vasheghani, M, 2013)	0.39
"Traditional additivity models provide little flexibility in modeling the dose-response relationships of the single agents in a mixture."	( Optimal design for the precise estimation of an interaction threshold: the impact of exposure to a mixture of 18 polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Crofton, KM; Gennings, C; Yeatts, SD, 2012)	0.38
" Larger dosage of T4 caused more effective restorations."	( Effect of thyroxine on munc-18 and syntaxin-1 expression in dorsal hippocampus of adult-onset hypothyroid rats. Jia, X; Liu, C; Ning, D; Wang, F; Xu, Y; Zhu, D; Zhu, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Our method, online SPE LC-MS/MS monitoring using a stable isotope tracer, has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool to investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid disease and is valuable for optimizing the dosage in thyroid hormone replacement therapy."	( Influence of iodine-deficiency on thyroid hormones homeostasis in rats. Imazu, T; Minato, K; Nagao, H; Takahashi, K, 2012)	0.38
" Two chronic pain patients with loss of pain control following dosage increase in levothyroxine supplementation are presented."	( Loss of antinociceptive effectiveness of morphine and oxycodone following titration of levothyroxine: case reports and a brief review of published literature. Herndon, CM; Kearney, TC; Lindsay, TJ; Matoushek, TA, )	0.13
" It is now possible to make a dose-response curve up to 50% inhibition with bioactivated CB 77 and BDE 47."	( New approaches to assess the transthyretin binding capacity of bioactivated thyroid hormone disruptors. Bergman, A; Cocco, E; Guignard, C; Gutleb, AC; Hoffmann, L; Marsh, G; Montaño, M; Murk, AJ, 2012)	0.38
" In order to verify the hypotheses that MAPK pathways would play roles in disturbance of TH levels caused by PCBs, and that TH-associated receptors could function in certain MAPK pathway, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB153 intraperitoneally (i."	( JNK pathway decreases thyroid hormones via TRH receptor: a novel mechanism for disturbance of thyroid hormone homeostasis by PCB153. Cui, Y; Fu, W; Ha, M; Liu, C; Quan, C; Wang, C; Yan, M; Yang, K; Zhou, J, 2012)	0.38
" statement outlining a bexarotene dosing schedule and monitoring protocol to enable bexarotene prescribers to deliver bexarotene safely for optimal effect."	( U.K. consensus statement on safe clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Azurdia, R; Cowan, R; Eagle, M; Gallop-Evans, E; Graham-Brown, R; Illidge, T; Morris, S; Parry, E; Scarisbrick, JJ; Soran, H; Wachsmuth, R; Wain, EM; Whittaker, S; Wierzbicki, AS, 2013)	0.39
" The statement outlines a bexarotene dosing schedule and monitoring protocol."	( U.K. consensus statement on safe clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Azurdia, R; Cowan, R; Eagle, M; Gallop-Evans, E; Graham-Brown, R; Illidge, T; Morris, S; Parry, E; Scarisbrick, JJ; Soran, H; Wachsmuth, R; Wain, EM; Whittaker, S; Wierzbicki, AS, 2013)	0.39
"This study evaluated the potential effects and dose-response relationship of LT(4) therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) as well as bone and muscle strength."	( Effects of levothyroxine on bone mineral density, muscle force, and bone turnover markers: a cohort study. Reiners, C; Schneider, M; Schneider, P; Schneider, R, 2012)	0.38
" The short half-life of T3 can be remedied by taking the patient's daily T3 dose and dividing it into two slow-release capsules to be dosed every 12 hours."	( Bioidentical thyroid replacement therapy in practice: Delivering a physiologic T4:T3 ratio for improved patient outcomes with the Listecki-Snyder protocol. Listecki, RE; Snyder, S, )	0.13
" Samples were collected before dosing and until 48-72 h post-dose to calculate noncompartmental baseline-adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters: maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, and area-under-the-concentration-time-curve from 0 to 48 h and from 0 to 2 h."	( Pharmacokinetics and potential advantages of a new oral solution of levothyroxine vs. other available dosage forms. Ducharme, MP; Scarsi, C; Yue, CS, 2012)	0.38
" Management decisions regarding when to start treatment and at what dosage to begin medication are influenced by both laboratory values and patient symptoms."	( Hypothyroidism: challenges when treating older adults. Pearson, T, 2013)	0.39
"In our study of congenital hypothyroidism, generic LT4 treatment resulted in similar or better control of hypothyroidism compared with Synthroid, as assessed by the clinical outcomes of TSH variance and the frequency of LT4 dosing adjustments."	( Generic levothyroxine compared with synthroid in young children with congenital hypothyroidism. Ampah, SB; Greenwald, FI; Lomenick, JP; Saville, BR; Wang, L, 2013)	0.39
" The correlation of dosage of thyroxin with application of L-carnitine contributes to normalization of indicators of lipid metabolism."	( [The characteristics of lipid metabolism in children with congenital hypothyroidism against the background of substitutive therapy with L-thyroxin]. Alimova, IL; Romankova, TM; Sukhorukov, VS, 2012)	0.38
"Current postoperative thyroid replacement dosing is weight based, with adjustments made after thyroid-stimulating hormone values."	( Using body mass index to predict optimal thyroid dosing after thyroidectomy. Chen, H; Lai, N; Ojomo, KA; Reiher, AE; Schaefer, S; Schneider, DF; Sippel, RS, 2013)	0.39
"Levothyroxine dosage was calculated using a weight (μg/kg)-based formula for patients who underwent thyroidectomy for benign disease from 2001 to 2011."	( Levothyroxine replacement dosage determination after thyroidectomy. Allemang, MT; Jin, J; McHenry, CR, 2013)	0.39
"3-μg/kg dosage calculation based on actual weight is currently the best estimation for levothyroxine replacement therapy after thyroidectomy."	( Levothyroxine replacement dosage determination after thyroidectomy. Allemang, MT; Jin, J; McHenry, CR, 2013)	0.39
"Patients previously treated with desiccated thyroid extract (DTE), when being switched to levothyroxine (L-T₄), occasionally did not feel as well despite adequate dosing based on serum TSH levels."	( Desiccated thyroid extract compared with levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Clyde, PW; Hoang, TD; Mai, VQ; Olsen, CH; Shakir, MK, 2013)	0.39
"A population model was developed based on a simultaneous analysis of concentration-time data of T₄, T₃ and TSH in dogs following once daily oral dosing for up to 6-months of a myeloperoxidase inhibitor (MPO-IN1) with TPO inhibiting properties."	( Systems pharmacology modeling of drug-induced modulation of thyroid hormones in dogs and translation to human. Andersson, H; Ekerot, P; Ferguson, D; Glämsta, EL; Nilsson, LB; Rosqvist, S; Visser, SA, 2013)	0.39
" After establishing hypothyroidism, rats were assigned to 1 of 5 graded T(3) dosages plus PTU for a 2-week dose-response experiment."	( Restoration of cardiac tissue thyroid hormone status in experimental hypothyroidism: a dose-response study in female rats. Chen, YF; Colligiani, D; Gerdes, AM; Ojamaa, K; Pol, CJ; Saba, A; Savinova, OV; Schlenker, EH; Weltman, NY; Zucchi, R, 2013)	0.39
" Further studies are needed to determine optimum L-thyroxine dosing and to determine whether treatment improves neurocognitive outcomes."	( Mild neonatal hyperthyrotrophinaemia: 10-year experience suggests the condition is increasingly common but often transient. Brnjac, L; Mahmud, FH; Oren, A; Palmert, MR; Wang, MK, 2013)	0.39
" We measured total plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations over a 6-hour period after dosing using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry."	( Ciprofloxacin and rifampin have opposite effects on levothyroxine absorption. Asher, LJ; Goldberg, AS; Kim, RB; Tirona, RG; Van Uum, SH, 2013)	0.39
" Diagnostic confirmation is required dosing TSH and free T4 or total T4 in serum."	( Congenital hypothyroidism: recommendations of the Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Kimura, ET; Maciel, LM; Magalhães, PK; Mazeto, GM; Nascimento, ML; Nesi-França, S; Nogueira, CR; Vieira, SE, 2013)	0.39
" Selenium might reduce antibody levels and result in a decreased dosage of LT4 and may provide other beneficial effects (e."	( Selenium supplementation for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Albusta, AY; Carter, B; Fedorowicz, Z; Pijl, H; van Zuuren, EJ, 2013)	0.39
" One of our primary outcomes－'change from baseline in health related quality of life'－and two of our secondary outcomes－'change from baseline in LT4 replacement dosage at end of the study' and 'economic costs'－were not assessed in any of the studies."	( Selenium supplementation for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Albusta, AY; Carter, B; Fedorowicz, Z; Pijl, H; van Zuuren, EJ, 2013)	0.39
" No differences in total levothyroxine dosage were found: 114 (100-150) [median (Q1-Q3)] μg in the non-MF group versus 125 (100-142) μg in the MF group (p=0."	( Are levothyroxine requirements lower in thyroidectomized diabetic patients on metformin treatment? Casteràs, A; Ciudin, A; Mesa, J; Zafon, C, 2013)	0.39
" Since an optimal study design for testing potential developmental neurotoxicants in rats, should include exposure during both the pre- and postnatal periods of brain development, we suggest that in the case of triclosan, direct dosing of pups may be the best way to obtain that goal."	( Triclosan exposure reduces thyroxine levels in pregnant and lactating rat dams and in directly exposed offspring. Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Vinggaard, AM, 2013)	0.39
" Low dosage of hormone replacement therapy based on their symptoms can help the patients reach a stable level of hormone within three months."	( [Pituitary functional recovery and hormone replacement therapy of patients with pituitary adenoma surgery]. Fu, XH; Jiang, S; Xue, XC; Yin, SL; Zhou, PZ, 2013)	0.39
"Although our professional organizations continue to recommend L-T4 alone for the treatment of hypothyroidism, the possibility of a D2 gene polymorphism should be considered in patients on L-T4 monotherapy who continue to complain of fatigue in spite of dosage achieving low normal serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels."	( Combination L-T3 and L-T4 therapy for hypothyroidism. Wartofsky, L, 2013)	0.39
" Two weeks later the dosage of the levothyroxine-sodium (T4) was reduced to 400 μg/kg BW in the morning and 600 μg/kg BW in the evening."	( Suspected hypothyroid-associated neuropathy in a female rottweiler dog. Leschnik, M; Nell, B; Rushton, JO, 2013)	0.39
" We identified 54 patients who were submitted to TSH, fT₄, and fT₃ evaluation, with the indication that the same dosage of L-T₄ be consumed 30 min before breakfast."	( Oral liquid levothyroxine treatment at breakfast: a mistake? Cappelli, C; Castellano, M; Formenti, A; Gandossi, E; Pirola, I, 2014)	0.4
" Time-course and dose-response experiments for free- and total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid gland histomorphology were determined in male Wistar rats."	( Irreversible thyroid disruption induced after subchronic exposure to hexachlorobenzene in male rats. Chalouati, H; Gamet-Payrastre, L; Saad, MB, 2016)	0.43
"In patients treated for hypothyroidism, the usual practice is to monitor thyroid-stimulating hormone values yearly once a therapeutic dosage of levothyroxine is determined."	( Levothyroxine dosage is associated with stability of thyroid-stimulating hormone values. Bernard, ME; Garrison, GM; Pecina, J, 2014)	0.4
" In this treatise, we demonstrate how this mathematical approach facilitates homeostatic set points computation for personalized dosing of thyroid medications of patients to individualized euthyroid states."	( A novel minimal mathematical model of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis validated for individualized clinical applications. Dietrich, JW; Goede, SL; Leow, MK; Smit, JW, 2014)	0.4
" Women with normal pregnancy were included in a first study and only women with no abnormal thyroid dosage at baseline and tested positive with anti-TPO were prospectively enrolled."	( Anti-TPO antibodies diffusion through the placental barrier during pregnancy. Amand, G; Ceccaldi, PF; Guibourdenche, J; Luton, D; Seror, J, 2014)	0.4
"Before dosing for pharmacokinetic evaluation, mean tT4 concentration was 23 ± 9 nmol/L."	( Pharmacokinetics of total thyroxine after repeated oral administration of levothyroxine solution and its clinical efficacy in hypothyroid dogs. Burgaud, S; Horspool, LJ; Kooistra, HS; Le Traon, G; van de Meulengraaf, BD; van Dijl, IC, )	0.13
" The starting dosage of 20 μg/kg PO q24h was suitable for maintenance supplementation in 50% of the dogs, minor dosage modification was required in 4 other dogs, and treatment q12h was required in 1 dog."	( Pharmacokinetics of total thyroxine after repeated oral administration of levothyroxine solution and its clinical efficacy in hypothyroid dogs. Burgaud, S; Horspool, LJ; Kooistra, HS; Le Traon, G; van de Meulengraaf, BD; van Dijl, IC, )	0.13
" This report shows a rare case of APS-2 presented as polyneuropathy hypothyroidism, and reinforces the importance of dosing thyroid hormone in polyneuropathy syndromes."	( [Hypothyroid polyneuropathy in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2: case report]. Canuto, JM; Canuto, VM; Diniz, ET; Faria, AG; Ferreira, SM; Leite, SF; Magalhães, JE; Moreira, EL; Pascoal, AG; Pinto, IH, 2014)	0.4
" As a result of changes in thyroid hormone metabolism and thyroid axis setpoint, long-term TSH-suppressive therapy contributes to a reduction in the dosage of levothyroxine per kilogram body weight required for full TSH suppression over time."	( The thyroid axis 'setpoints' are significantly altered after long-term suppressive LT4 therapy. Grelle, I; Mäder, U; Peeters, RP; Reiners, C; Smit, JW; Verburg, FA; Visser, TJ, 2014)	0.4
" In order to elucidate effects of PCBs and DDT on thyroid hormone homeostasis, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE intraperitoneally (ip) for five consecutive days and sacrificed within 24 h after the last dose."	( PCB153 and p,p'-DDE disorder thyroid hormones via thyroglobulin, deiodinase 2, transthyretin, hepatic enzymes and receptors. Ha, M; Li, L; Liu, C; Yang, K, 2014)	0.4
" In the present study, we report the dose-response characteristics of this developmental malformation and the connectivity of heterotopic neurones with other brain regions, as well as their functionality."	( Subcortical band heterotopia in rat offspring following maternal hypothyroxinaemia: structural and functional characteristics. Gilbert, ME; Goodman, JH; McCloskey, DP; Ramos, RL, 2014)	0.4
" Multivariate regression modelling was applied to assess the association of T4 dosing with polymorphisms in UGT1A1 (rs8175347), UGT1A3 (rs3806596 and rs1983023), DIO1 (rs11206244 and rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs225014 and rs12885300), demographic and clinical variables."	( Effect of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphisms on L-thyroxine doses required for TSH suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Barros Filho, Mde C; Bulzico, DA; Kowalski, LP; Meirelles, RM; Neves, RR; Paula, DP; Pessoa, CN; Santoro, AB; Struchine, CJ; Suarez-Kurtz, G; Vargens, DD, 2014)	0.4
"UGT1A haplotypes associate with T4 dosage in DTC patients, but the effect accounts for only 2% of the total variability and recommendation of pre-emptive UGT1A genotyping is not warranted."	( Effect of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphisms on L-thyroxine doses required for TSH suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Barros Filho, Mde C; Bulzico, DA; Kowalski, LP; Meirelles, RM; Neves, RR; Paula, DP; Pessoa, CN; Santoro, AB; Struchine, CJ; Suarez-Kurtz, G; Vargens, DD, 2014)	0.4
" In the majority of patients with DTC who have an inherently good prognosis, the extent of surgery, the dosage of (131)I therapy and the use of levothyroxine therapy are all aspects suitable for individualization, on the basis of both the stage of disease and the response to treatment."	( Differentiated thyroid cancer-personalized therapies to prevent overtreatment. Luster, M; Verburg, FA; Weber, T, 2014)	0.4
"While few hypothyroid patients require more than the expected weight-related dose of levothyroxine, the underlying causes of larger-than-expected dosing requirements have not been studied in a single cohort."	( Factors contributing to high levothyroxine doses in primary hypothyroidism: an interventional audit of a large community database. Abraham, P; Bevan, JS; Copland, SA; Herriot, R; McKinlay, AW; Narayanaswamy, AK; Pereira, O; Robertson, HM, 2014)	0.4
"Juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were fed food dosed with brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) or BDE-99 for 6 mo beginning approximately 9 mo posthatch."	( Dietary exposure of BDE-47 and BDE-99 and effects on behavior, bioenergetics, and thyroid function in juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Eisenreich, KM; Rowe, CL, 2014)	0.4
" He presented with severe headaches and was found to have bilateral optic disk edema and elevated intracranial pressure shortly after an increase in his dosage of levothyroxine."	( Intracranial hypertension due to levothyroxine use. Beal, CJ; Hogan, RN; Pao, KY, 2014)	0.4
"01) and stimulated DIO1 at 10 nM dosage (p < 0."	( Thyroid hormone deiodinases D1, D2, and D3 are expressed in human endothelial dermal microvascular line: effects of thyroid hormones. Balzan, S; Del Turco, S; Iervasi, G; Kusmic, C; Lubrano, V; Sabatino, L, 2015)	0.42
"To compare the daily weight-based dosage of the replacement therapy with l-T4 in athyreotic adult patients affected by CH and adult patients with thyroid nodular or cancer diseases treated by total thyroidectomy."	( The different requirement of L-T4 therapy in congenital athyreosis compared with adult-acquired hypothyroidism suggests a persisting thyroid hormone resistance at the hypothalamic-pituitary level. Agretti, P; Bagattini, B; Ciampi, M; Cosmo, CD; Marco, GD; Montanelli, L; Piaggi, P; Tonacchera, M; Vitti, P, 2014)	0.4
" Required l-T4 dosage was evaluated."	( The different requirement of L-T4 therapy in congenital athyreosis compared with adult-acquired hypothyroidism suggests a persisting thyroid hormone resistance at the hypothalamic-pituitary level. Agretti, P; Bagattini, B; Ciampi, M; Cosmo, CD; Marco, GD; Montanelli, L; Piaggi, P; Tonacchera, M; Vitti, P, 2014)	0.4
" The daily weight-based dosage of the replacement therapy with l-T4 to reach euthyroidism in patients of group CH was significantly higher than that in those of group AH (2."	( The different requirement of L-T4 therapy in congenital athyreosis compared with adult-acquired hypothyroidism suggests a persisting thyroid hormone resistance at the hypothalamic-pituitary level. Agretti, P; Bagattini, B; Ciampi, M; Cosmo, CD; Marco, GD; Montanelli, L; Piaggi, P; Tonacchera, M; Vitti, P, 2014)	0.4
"Twenty-one patients with primary hypothyroidism who had been using a stabilized levothyroxine dosage for at least one year were selected and randomly assigned to take omeprazole at the dosage of 40 mg or 20 mg per day."	( Is it necessary to increase the dose of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism who use omeprazole? Abi-Abib, Rde C; Vaisman, M, 2014)	0.4
"Omeprazole in the dosage of 20 or 40 mg/day does not interfere in a clinically relevant manner in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism that was previously under control."	( Is it necessary to increase the dose of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism who use omeprazole? Abi-Abib, Rde C; Vaisman, M, 2014)	0.4
" The 84 patients who received levothyroxine at a suppressive dosage (group A) were compared with 92 patients who did not receive levothyroxine or received it only at substitutive dosage (group B)."	( Surgery for recurrent goiter: complication rate and role of the thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy after the first operation. Fosso, A; Frustaci, G; Materazzi, G; Miccoli, M; Miccoli, P, 2015)	0.42
" In these dose-response studies, clear NOELs were established for phase 2 liver enzyme activities, TSH changes and TFC proliferation."	( Thyroid tumor formation in the male mouse induced by fluopyram is mediated by activation of hepatic CAR/PXR nuclear receptors. Bars, R; Blanck, O; Geter, D; Rouquié, D; Schorsch, F; Tinwell, H; Wason, S, 2014)	0.4
"3 mIU/L with no change in levothyroxine dosage and decreased to normal range after discontinuation of the Carum carvi."	( Carum induced hypothyroidism: an interesting observation and an experiment. Ayati, N; Naghibi, SM; Ramezani, M; Zakavi, SR, 2015)	0.42
" In 11 children, levothyroxine (L-T4) dosage was increased over time to maintain biochemical euthyroidism."	( Natural history and management of congenital hypothyroidism with in situ thyroid gland. al-Harbi, M; Cabrol, S; Castanet, M; Czernichow, P; Goischke, A; Léger, J; Polak, M; Rodrigue, D; Thalassinos, C; Zenaty, D, 2015)	0.42
" Two of the studies demonstrated a significant decrease in levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with levothyroxine administration at bedtime versus 30 minutes before breakfast, one study showed an increase in TSH when levothyroxine was taken at bedtime versus one hour before breakfast, and one study found no significant differences in TSH levels or other thyroid function monitoring limitations with bedtime versus standard dosing in subjects naive to levothyroxine therapy."	( Alternative schedules of levothyroxine administration. Geer, M; Potter, DM; Ulrich, H, 2015)	0.42
"Severe hyperthyroidism, with particularly high TRAb concentrations at diagnosis, may facilitate the identification of patients requiring regular serum fT3 determinations and potentially needing higher doses of ATD dosage during follow-up."	( Triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease in childhood: detection and therapeutic implications. Alberti, C; Boizeau, P; Carel, JC; Chevenne, D; Guilmin Crepon, S; Harvengt, J; Léger, J; Paulsen, A; Simon, D; Zenaty, D, 2015)	0.42
" Biologically based dose-response modeling of the relationships among iodide status, perchlorate dose, and thyroid hormone production in pregnant women has indicated that iodide intake has a profound effect on the likelihood that exposure to goitrogens will produce hypothyroxinemia."	( Iodine supplementation and drinking-water perchlorate mitigation. Charnley, G; Lewandowski, TA; Peterson, MK, 2015)	0.42
" However, it has been found that serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels do not increase as expected with the hospital preparation, requiring a higher dosage of L-T4 in the L-T4-suppository than in the oral preparations."	( Pharmaceutical studies of levothyroxine sodium hydrate suppository provided as a hospital preparation. Hamada, Y; Ishii, I; Masuda, K; Nakasa, H; Okubo, M; Sekine, Y, 2015)	0.42
"About one out of two women with primary hypothyroidism has to increase the dosage of exogenous levothyroxine (L-T4) during pregnancy."	( Levothyroxine dose adjustment in hypothyroid women achieving pregnancy through IVF. Busnelli, A; Faulisi, S; Fedele, L; Fugazzola, L; Paffoni, A; Somigliana, E; Vannucchi, G, 2015)	0.42
" In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared women who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust L-T4 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation."	( Levothyroxine dose adjustment in hypothyroid women achieving pregnancy through IVF. Busnelli, A; Faulisi, S; Fedele, L; Fugazzola, L; Paffoni, A; Somigliana, E; Vannucchi, G, 2015)	0.42
" This model uses the patient's body surface area (BSA) along with the fractional whole-body retention (WBR) at 48 hours following oral administration of a diagnostic dosage of (131)I."	( Validation of a Simple Thyroid Cancer Dosimetry Model Based on the Fractional Whole-Body Retention at 48 Hours Post-Administration of (131)I. Atkins, F; Burman, K; Moreau, S; Van Nostrand, D; Wartofsky, L, 2015)	0.42
" Reference points (RP) for PCBs are derived from dose-response relationship analysis by using the traditional no observed adverse effect or lowest observed adverse effect level (NOAEL/LOAEL) methods, or a more advanced benchmark dose (BMD) method."	( Thyroid disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in ovariectomized rats: A benchmark dose analysis. Chen, H; Jia, X; Li, Q; Liu, Z; Su, Q; Wang, W; Zhang, X, 2015)	0.42
" Levothyroxine dosage was adjusted according to TSH levels measured."	( Levothyroxine Dosage Requirement During Pregnancy in Well-Controlled Hypothyroid Women: A Longitudinal Study. Akha, O; Bahar, A; Esmaeilisaraji, L; Hamzehgardeshi, Z; Hassanzade, S; Kashi, Z, 2015)	0.42
" The levothyroxine dosage needed to be increased in 84% (CI95%= 74-90) of the pregnancies (OR=5."	( Levothyroxine Dosage Requirement During Pregnancy in Well-Controlled Hypothyroid Women: A Longitudinal Study. Akha, O; Bahar, A; Esmaeilisaraji, L; Hamzehgardeshi, Z; Hassanzade, S; Kashi, Z, 2015)	0.42
"Increases in levothyroxine dosage administered in pregnancy appear to be indispensible in the majority of patients with well-controlled hypothyroidism, especially in the first trimester."	( Levothyroxine Dosage Requirement During Pregnancy in Well-Controlled Hypothyroid Women: A Longitudinal Study. Akha, O; Bahar, A; Esmaeilisaraji, L; Hamzehgardeshi, Z; Hassanzade, S; Kashi, Z, 2015)	0.42
"Weight-based postoperative levothyroxine (LT4) dosing often fails to appropriately dose overweight and underweight patients."	( Prospective Intervention of a Novel Levothyroxine Dosing Protocol Based on Body Mass Index after Thyroidectomy. Chen, H; Elfenbein, DM; Schaefer, S; Schneider, DF; Shumway, C; Sippel, RS, 2016)	0.43
" Before protocol implementation, LT4 was dosed solely by weight and 25% of patients were euthyroid at initial follow-up."	( Prospective Intervention of a Novel Levothyroxine Dosing Protocol Based on Body Mass Index after Thyroidectomy. Chen, H; Elfenbein, DM; Schaefer, S; Schneider, DF; Shumway, C; Sippel, RS, 2016)	0.43
"Although correct initial dosing of LT4 remains challenging, this dosing protocol that we developed and implemented has improved patient care by increasing the number of patients who achieve euthyroidism at the first postoperative visit."	( Prospective Intervention of a Novel Levothyroxine Dosing Protocol Based on Body Mass Index after Thyroidectomy. Chen, H; Elfenbein, DM; Schaefer, S; Schneider, DF; Shumway, C; Sippel, RS, 2016)	0.43
"5%) of the women had to increase the dosage of LT4."	( Levothyroxine liquid solution versus tablet form for replacement treatment in pregnant women. Agosti, B; Cappelli, C; Castellano, M; Gandossi, E; Negro, R; Pirola, I, 2016)	0.43
"Pregnant women on optimal replacement therapy before pregnancy require an increase of LT4 dosage more often when on a tablet than liquid formulation."	( Levothyroxine liquid solution versus tablet form for replacement treatment in pregnant women. Agosti, B; Cappelli, C; Castellano, M; Gandossi, E; Negro, R; Pirola, I, 2016)	0.43
" Study 1 was a two-way crossover BE study comparing a high strength of levothyroxine soft capsules versus levothyroxine tablets (200 μg), while study 2 was a three-way crossover dosage form proportionality study between low, medium, and high strengths of soft capsules."	( Levothyroxine soft capsules demonstrate bioequivalent pharmacokinetic exposure with the European reference tablets in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Al-Numani, D; Ducharme, MP; Scarsi, C, 2016)	0.43
" She was switched to a different thyroxin regimen with a progressive dosage increment."	( Spontaneous rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon in a woman with hypothyroidism: a case report. Kyriazopoulou, V; Panagopoulos, A; Pantazis, K; Roupas, ND; Theodoraki, S; Tsintoni, A, 2016)	0.43
" The optimal strategy taking into account administered RAI activities and LT4 treatment dosage and timing remains to be determined."	( Quality of life, clinical outcomes and safety of early prophylactic levothyroxine administration in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism undergoing radioiodine therapy: a randomized controlled study. Abdullah, AE; Archange, C; Baumstarck, K; Benisvy, D; Bournaud, C; Caron, P; Catargi, B; Cavarec, MB; Eberle, MC; Faugeron, I; Mundler, O; Schvartz, C; Taïeb, D; Toubert, ME, 2016)	0.43
"Extemporaneously prepared liquid dosage forms are needed to administer required medications in infants and young children."	( Stability of Levothyroxine, Doxycycline, Hydrocortisone, and Pravastatin in Liquid Dosage Forms Stored at Two Temperatures. Nahata, MC, )	0.13
" We suggest that serum NO level may be an indicator for the introduction and dosage of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy in SH patients."	( Nitric Oxide as a Marker for Levo-Thyroxine Therapy in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients. Bajic, V; Gluvic, Z; Isenovic, ER; Obradovic, M; Panic, A; Sudar-Milovanovic, E; Trebaljevac, J; Zarkovic, M, 2016)	0.43
" With current dosing schemes, the vast majority of patients develop permanent post-RAI hypothyroidism and are placed on life-long levothyroxine therapy."	( Transient Hypothyroidism after Radioiodine for Graves' Disease: Challenges in Interpreting Thyroid Function Tests. Doi, SA; Sheehan, MT, 2016)	0.43
" Our case series demonstrates that once weekly IM L-T4 dosing may be a safe and well tolerated treatment regimen for pediatric patients."	( More than one way to skin a thyroid. Managing pediatric hypothyroidism with weekly intramuscular levothyroxine. Alba, P; Feldt, M; Mitre, N, 2016)	0.43
" These include self-monitoring drug therapy and self-management programs, simplified dosing regimens, directly involving pharmacists in drug therapy management, use of pharmaceutical formulations more attractive to the patient and through the therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Medication adherence and the use of new pharmaceutical formulations: the case of levothyroxine. Cimmaruta, D; Fossati, T; Rafaniello, C; Rossi, F; Scavone, C; Sportiello, L; Sullo, MG; Vitelli, B, 2016)	0.43
" The peak T3 concentration after dosing of liothyronine during week 6 was 292."	( Daily Administration of Short-Acting Liothyronine Is Associated with Significant Triiodothyronine Excursions and Fails to Alter Thyroid-Responsive Parameters. Burman, KD; Jonklaas, J, 2016)	0.43
"Once-daily dosing of liothyronine at doses of 30-45 μg did not return serum TSH to the values seen during levothyroxine therapy."	( Daily Administration of Short-Acting Liothyronine Is Associated with Significant Triiodothyronine Excursions and Fails to Alter Thyroid-Responsive Parameters. Burman, KD; Jonklaas, J, 2016)	0.43
" Lipid profile, thyroxine dosage and serum TSH level were assessed before and after intervention."	( Effect of 6 months intense Yoga practice on lipid profile, thyroxine medication and serum TSH level in women suffering from hypothyroidism: A pilot study. Hongasandra, N; Metri, K; Nilakanthan, S; Raghuram, N, 2016)	0.43
" 5'-deiodinase-poor tissues should produce superimposable dose-response curves if T4 does not require conversion to T3."	( Rethinking the biological relationships of the thyroid hormones, l-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Helbing, CC; Ichu, TA; Lesperance, M; Lu, L; Maher, SK; Propper, CR; Veldhoen, N; Wojnarowicz, P, 2016)	0.43
" SBH increased with increasing dosage of PTU, but counter to our hypothesis, no SBH was detected in the offspring of FeD dams."	( Thyroid hormone-dependent formation of a subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) in the neonatal brain is not exacerbated under conditions of low dietary iron (FeD). Anderson, GW; Bastian, TW; Gilbert, ME; Kosian, P; Spring, SR; Wang, Y, )	0.13
"001) between L-T4 dosage and HF/MOF probability on both first and second evaluations was found."	( Ten-year estimated risk of bone fracture in women with differentiated thyroid cancer under TSH-suppressive levothyroxine therapy. Campomenosi, C; Gay, S; Giusti, M; Monti, E; Mortara, L; Paolino, S; Pera, G; Seriolo, B; Vera, L, 2016)	0.43
" In this phase IIIb, prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial (NCT01375374), the serum concentrations of CYP-related reproductive hormones, thyroid hormones, and lipids were assessed in otherwise healthy male patients with focal seizures (N=11), before and after a switch from CBZ (600-1200mg/day at baseline) to lacosamide (target dose: 400mg/day by the end of titration) as adjunctive treatment to the nonenzyme-inducing AED levetiracetam (LEV, stable dosage of >1000mg/day throughout)."	( Changes in hormone and lipid levels in male patients with focal seizures when switched from carbamazepine to lacosamide as adjunctive treatment to levetiracetam: A small phase IIIb, prospective, multicenter, open-label trial. Brandt, C; De Backer, M; Dedeken, P; Eckhardt, K; Elger, CE; Elmoufti, S; Rademacher, M; Tennigkeit, F, 2016)	0.43
" oral levothyroxine (T4) administration to induce chronic hyperthyroidism in male and female mice and asked which T4 dosing intervals are required to achieve stable organ thyrotoxicosis."	( Efficacy of protocols for induction of chronic hyperthyroidism in male and female mice. Brix, K; Engels, K; Führer, D; Hönes, GS; Köhrle, J; Möller, LC; Rakov, H; Rehders, M; Zwanziger, D, 2016)	0.43
" Longitudinal growth in height and weight was significantly correlated with the age at onset of treatment and the first therapeutic dosage (p < 0."	( Growth development in children with congenital hypothyroidism: the effect of screening and treatment variables-a comprehensive longitudinal study. Amini, M; Feizi, A; Hashemipour, M; Heidari, Z; Kelishadi, R, 2016)	0.43
" Levothyroxine sodium (Euthyrox, Eutirox, Lévothyrox ) has been reformulated, and two studies performed, to ensure bioequivalence to the currently marketed formulation and dosage form proportionality of the new formulation."	( New levothyroxine formulation meeting 95-105% specification over the whole shelf-life: results from two pharmacokinetic trials. Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Kahaly, GJ; Uhl, W; Wolna, P, 2017)	0.46
"The bioequivalence study was an open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover comparing the highest dosage strengths of the currently marketed and the new L-T4 formulation at a total dose of 600 μg."	( New levothyroxine formulation meeting 95-105% specification over the whole shelf-life: results from two pharmacokinetic trials. Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Kahaly, GJ; Uhl, W; Wolna, P, 2017)	0.46
"The new formulation of L-T4 meets the most stringent potency specification guidelines, and has been demonstrated to be bioequivalent to the current formulation and to show dosage form proportionality."	( New levothyroxine formulation meeting 95-105% specification over the whole shelf-life: results from two pharmacokinetic trials. Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Kahaly, GJ; Uhl, W; Wolna, P, 2017)	0.46
" If levothyroxine treatment is initiated, the dosing and monitoring strategy is different from nonpregnant individuals."	( Overview of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. Kim, CS; Kroopnick, JM, 2016)	0.43
" Twenty-one subjects with high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values under therapy with L-T4 tablets were switched to liquid L-T4 at the same dosage given 30 minutes before breakfast."	( IN PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WHILE IN THERAPY WITH TABLET L-T4, THE LIQUID L-T4 FORMULATION IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN RESTORING EUTHYROIDISM. Antonelli, A; Fallahi, P; Ferrari, SM, 2017)	0.46
" Their thyroid status was influenced by demographic and dosing factors."	( Primary hypothyroidism in the community: Lower daily dosages of levothyroxine replacement therapy for Asian patients. Chew, RQ; Cho, LW; Koh, YLE; Meyappan, M; Sankari, U; Subramanian, RC; Tan, NC, 2017)	0.46
"The risk of ubiquitous perchlorate exposure and the dose-response on thyroid hormone levels in pregnant women in the United States (U."	( Evaluation of the risk of perchlorate exposure in a population of late-gestation pregnant women in the United States: Application of probabilistic biologically-based dose response modeling. George, NI; Lumen, A, 2017)	0.46
" Epidemiologic data, type of epilepsy, etiology, the age of seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, intractable epilepsy, and number and dosage of AEDs were recorded."	( Effects of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid hormone function in epilepsy patients. Chuang, MJ; Chuang, YC; Fu, TY; Lu, YT; Shih, FY; Tsai, MH; Tsai, WC, 2017)	0.46
"89 μIU/mL) despite gradual escalation of the levothyroxine dosage to 175 μg daily."	( Probable interaction between levothyroxine and ritonavir: Case report and literature review. Ahmed, RA; Foisy, MM; Hughes, CA; Sahajpal, R, 2017)	0.46
" Four different orodispersible dosage forms containing two poorly soluble drugs, levothyroxine and prednisolone, were produced on two different edible substrates by piezoelectric inkjet printing."	( Application of a handheld NIR spectrometer in prediction of drug content in inkjet printed orodispersible formulations containing prednisolone and levothyroxine. Desai, D; Preis, M; Sandler, N; Vakili, H; Wickström, H, 2017)	0.46
" Moreover, in a small group (n=119) of athyreotic patients treated with an unchanged dosage of L-T4 monotherapy, hormones were measured both in the coldest and in the hottest seasons of the same year (longitudinal study)."	( Seasonal variations in TSH serum levels in athyreotic patients under L-thyroxine replacement monotherapy. Belfiore, A; Frasca, F; Gullo, D; Latina, A; Squatrito, S; Vigneri, R, 2017)	0.46
" After exposure to BPS, the mRNA expression of corticotrophin releasing hormone (crh) and thyroglobulin (tg) genes were up-regulated at ≥10 μg/L of BPS, in a dose-response manner."	( Waterborne exposure to BPS causes thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae. Yang, ZL; Zhang, DH; Zhou, EX, 2017)	0.46
" Results of this study show that an optimized dosage of T4 is able to increase collagen type II content, and do so preferential to GAG."	( Thyroxine Increases Collagen Type II Expression and Accumulation in Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Articular Cartilage. Dennis, JE; Fernandes, RJ; Kean, TJ; Mansour, JM; Pang, SC; Tse, MY; Waldman, S; Whitney, GA, 2018)	0.48
"Antibody titers are positively associated with larger levothyroxine (LT-4) replacement dosing in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis."	( The relationship between thyroid antibody titer and levothyroxine dose in patients with overt primary hypothyroidism. Okuroglu, N; Ozdemir, A; Sancak, S; Sertbas, Y, )	0.13
" Levothyroxine dosing required doubling in three patients with a known history of hypothyroidism."	( Pembrolizumab-Induced Thyroiditis: Comprehensive Clinical Review and Insights Into Underlying Involved Mechanisms. Bornschlegl, S; Delivanis, DA; Dietz, AB; Gustafson, MP; Kottschade, L; Merten, MM; Ryder, M; Withers, S, 2017)	0.46
"5-5 MIU/L with no need for dosage change were included in the study."	( TSH cut off point based on depression in hypothyroid patients. Chehrei, A; Rafee, N; Rafei, F; Talaei, A, 2017)	0.46
" We also investigated the duration-response and dose-response relationships between levothyroxine use and the risk of osteoporosis."	( Risk of osteoporosis in thyroid cancer patients using levothyroxine: a population-based study. Chen, HT; Kao, CH; Lin, CL; Lin, SY, 2018)	0.48
"High initial LT4 dosing was effective and safely achieved optimal cognitive development in patients with CH, including those severely affected."	( Mean High-Dose l-Thyroxine Treatment Is Efficient and Safe to Achieve a Normal IQ in Young Adult Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Aleksander, PE; Blankenstein, O; Brückner-Spieler, M; Craig, ME; Ernert, A; Grüters, A; Krude, H; Kühnen, P; Lankes, E; Schnabel, D; Stäblein, W; Stoehr, AM, 2018)	0.48
" We aimed to investigate fracture incidence among post-thyroidectomy thyroid cancer patients compared with a matched comparison group, and explore the association between levothyroxine dosage and fracture risk."	( J-Shaped Association Between Postoperative Levothyroxine Dosage and Fracture Risk in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Lim, H; Park, Y; Shin, DW; Song, SO; Suh, B; Yun, JM, 2018)	0.48
" To thoroughly investigate PFHxS toxicity in developing rats and to mimic a realistic human exposure situation, we examined a low dose close to human relevant PFHxS exposure, and combined the dose-response studies of PFHxS with a fixed dose of 12 environmentally relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDmix)."	( Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) and a Mixture of Endocrine Disrupters Reduce Thyroxine Levels and Cause Antiandrogenic Effects in Rats. Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Nielsen, F; Ramhøj, L; Scholze, M, 2018)	0.48
"6% of patients treatment was initiated before 40 days of age with a median levothyroxine dosage of 25 µg/day; 131 (13."	( Evaluation of the congenital hypothyroidism screening programme in Iran: a 3-year retrospective cohort study. Ajang, N; Amouzegar, A; Azizi, F; Delshad, H; Khalili, D; Mehrabi, Y; Mehran, L; Yarahmadi, S, 2019)	0.51
" By evaluating shape changes in the mandible among three age groups (15, 20 and 25 days postnatal) and different dosage levels (low, medium and high), this study found that excess maternal thyroxine alters offspring mandibular shape in both age- and dosage-dependent manners."	( Maternal environment and craniofacial growth: geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular shape changes with in utero thyroxine overexposure in mice. Cray, JJ; Elsalanty, M; Howie, RN; Judd, MA; Kesterke, MJ; Mooney, MP; Siegel, MI; Weinberg, SM, 2018)	0.48
" In general, the effect on OIIRR increased with higher dosage and/or exposure time."	( The effect of biologic factors and adjunctive therapies on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Haugland, L; Kristensen, KD; Lie, SA; Vandevska-Radunovic, V, 2018)	0.48
" We hypothesized that a sizable proportion of newborns treated for CH at the higher end of the dosage range become biochemically hyperthyroid at a follow-up visit."	( Does initial dosing of levothyroxine in infants with congenital hypothyroidism lead to frequent dose adjustments secondary to iatrogenic hyperthyroidism on follow-up? Craven, M; Frank, GR, 2018)	0.48
" A narrower range for initial dosing in CH may be appropriate."	( Does initial dosing of levothyroxine in infants with congenital hypothyroidism lead to frequent dose adjustments secondary to iatrogenic hyperthyroidism on follow-up? Craven, M; Frank, GR, 2018)	0.48
" Dosing male C57BL/6 mice with sobetirome and Sob-AM2 at concentrations ≥10 μg/kg/d for 29 days induces a state similar to central hypothyroidism characterized by depleted circulating T4 and T3 and normal TSH levels."	( Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Perturbations in Male Mice by CNS-Penetrating Thyromimetics. Bourdette, D; Ferrara, SJ; Scanlan, TS, 2018)	0.48
" Thirty-six subjects were randomized and dosed in this study; of these, 31 completed all study periods."	( Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Bioavailability of a Levothyroxine Sodium Oral Solution and Soft Capsule. Girard, J; Larouche, R; Mautone, G; Scarsi, C; Tanguay, M, 2019)	0.51
" For example, 39 % of the gynaecologists routinely determined TSH, while only 59% carried out a dosage adjustment for known hypothyroidism."	( Inconsistencies in the management of neonates born to mothers with "thyroid diseases". Gohlke, B; Joergens, M; Korsch, E; Weissenfels, PC; Woelfle, J, 2018)	0.48
"Patients often struggle to attain euthyroidism after thyroidectomy, and multiple dosing schemes have been proposed to supplant the standard weight-based approach for initial levothyroxine dosing after thyroidectomy."	( The optimal dosing scheme for levothyroxine after thyroidectomy: A comprehensive comparison and evaluation. Cheng, A; Imbus, JR; Long, KL; Pitt, SC; Schneider, DF; Sippel, RS; Zaborek, NA, 2019)	0.51
" A scoping review identified existing levothyroxine dosing schemes."	( The optimal dosing scheme for levothyroxine after thyroidectomy: A comprehensive comparison and evaluation. Cheng, A; Imbus, JR; Long, KL; Pitt, SC; Schneider, DF; Sippel, RS; Zaborek, NA, 2019)	0.51
"Of 264 reviewed articles, 7 articles proposed retrospectively implementable dosing schemes."	( The optimal dosing scheme for levothyroxine after thyroidectomy: A comprehensive comparison and evaluation. Cheng, A; Imbus, JR; Long, KL; Pitt, SC; Schneider, DF; Sippel, RS; Zaborek, NA, 2019)	0.51
"Using readily available variables, a novel Poisson regression dosing scheme outperforms other machine learning algorithms and all existing schemes in estimating levothyroxine dose."	( The optimal dosing scheme for levothyroxine after thyroidectomy: A comprehensive comparison and evaluation. Cheng, A; Imbus, JR; Long, KL; Pitt, SC; Schneider, DF; Sippel, RS; Zaborek, NA, 2019)	0.51
"This prospective study was to evaluate the behavior of dogs, which was screened at initial presentation, and after 6 weeks, and 6 months of treatment with levothyroxine (starting dosage 10 μg/kg PO q12h) using the standardized Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ)."	( Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine. Daminet, S; De Keuster, T; Duchateau, L; Hrovat, A; Kooistra, HS; Oyama, MA; Peremans, K, 2019)	0.51
" They reduced their pretest levothyroxine dosage by 30% for 52-56 days."	( Experimentally induced subclinical hypothyroidism causes decreased functional connectivity of the cuneus: A resting state fMRI study. Brabant, G; Georges, R; Göbel, A; Göttlich, M; Heldmann, M; Münte, TF; Nieberding, R; Rogge, B; Sartorius, A, 2019)	0.51
" We tested the hypothesis of whether assuming a single mode of action of thyroidal iodide uptake inhibition is sufficient for describing the observed dose-response relationship for thiocyanate and its effects on serum thyroxine levels."	( Characterization of the modes of action and dose-response relationship for thiocyanate on the thyroid hormone levels in rats using a computational approach. Lumen, A; Willemin, ME, 2019)	0.51
" The introduction of updated LT4 formulations, with better dosing accuracy and stability compared with older versions, should, in theory at least, provide better stability and accuracy of dosing over time."	( Therapeutic challenges in the application of serum thyroid stimulating hormone testing in the management of patients with hypothyroidism on replacement thyroid hormone therapy: a review. Hostalek, U; Razvi, S, 2019)	0.51
"87) as was vasopressor dosage (6 vs 12 μg/min of norepinephrine, NE, P = 0."	( A randomized trial comparing triiodothyronine (T3) with thyroxine (T4) for hemodynamically unstable brain-dead organ donors. Dhar, R; Marklin, G; Stahlschmidt, E; Yan, Y, 2019)	0.51
" Levothyroxine supplementation was started at a dosage of 50 µg (11 µg/kg) BID and later adjusted to 100 µg (22 µg/kg) BID based on total thyroxine concentrations."	( Bilateral femoral capital physeal fractures in an adult cat with suspected congenital primary hypothyroidism. Dening, R; Diehm, M; Dziallas, P; Mischke, R; Schmicke, M; Wohlsein, P, 2019)	0.51
" Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a working memory task (n-back task) and neuropsychological tests were performed before and 52-54 days after the induction of subclinical hypothyroidism by reducing the pretest levothyroxine dosage by 30%."	( Partial withdrawal of levothyroxine treated disease leads to brain activations and effects on performance in a working memory task: A pilot study. Brabant, G; Göbel, A; Goerges, R; Göttlich, M; Heldmann, M; Münte, TF; Nieberding, R; Sartorius, A, 2019)	0.51
" Most pregnant women will require an increase in their dosing from 25% to 30%."	( Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. Sullivan, SA, 2019)	0.51
" Total daily LT4 dosage decreased in the LSG group (133."	( Changes in Thyroid Replacement Therapy after Bariatric Surgery: Differences between Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Benaiges, D; Climent, E; Flores Le Roux, JA; Fontané, L; Goday, A; Julià, H; Mollà, P; Pedro-Botet, J; Ramon, JM; Villatoro, M, 2019)	0.51
" LT4 was administered at the dosage of 100 μg/day."	( Pycnogenol® prevents oxidative stress and side effects in patients with hypothyroidism during levothyroxine treatment. Belcaro, G; Cesarone, MR; Cornelli, U; Cotellese, R; Dugall, M; Feragalli, B, 2019)	0.51
"Using a retrospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports from employees who worked on jobs with occupational exposure to radiation at a hospital to evaluate possible changes in the serum thyroid hormones and determine whether there is a dose-response effect."	( The Relationship Between Occupational Exposure to Low-dose Ionizing Radiation and Changes in Thyroid Hormones in Hospital Workers. Cheng, TJ; Cheng, YY; Guo, HR; Huang, CC; Wong, YS; Yeh, JJ, 2019)	0.51
" In addition, we found negative dose-response relationships between exposure duration and declines in the serum levels of T3 (a change of -0."	( The Relationship Between Occupational Exposure to Low-dose Ionizing Radiation and Changes in Thyroid Hormones in Hospital Workers. Cheng, TJ; Cheng, YY; Guo, HR; Huang, CC; Wong, YS; Yeh, JJ, 2019)	0.51
" Our research project seeks to develop a personalized medicine model that facilitates optimal drug dosing via the titration regimen."	( Hyperthyroidism in the personalized medicine era: the rise of mathematical optimization. Leow, MKS; Li, E; Meng, F; Yen, PM, 2019)	0.51
"We examined whether inferior thyroid artery peak systolic velocity (ITA-PSV) predicts an increase in levothyroxine (LT4) dosage in pregnant women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis."	( Thyroid blood flow in inferior thyroid artery as predictor for increase in levothyroxine dosage during pregnancy in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis - a retrospective study. Emoto, M; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Kurajoh, M; Nagasaki, T; Nagata, Y; Shintani, A; Takahashi, K; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, K; Yamasaki, A, 2019)	0.51
" We adjusted LT4 dosage to maintain serum TSH at < 2."	( Thyroid blood flow in inferior thyroid artery as predictor for increase in levothyroxine dosage during pregnancy in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis - a retrospective study. Emoto, M; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Kurajoh, M; Nagasaki, T; Nagata, Y; Shintani, A; Takahashi, K; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, K; Yamasaki, A, 2019)	0.51
"8%) required an increase in LT4 dosage during pregnancy, of whom 7 (31."	( Thyroid blood flow in inferior thyroid artery as predictor for increase in levothyroxine dosage during pregnancy in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis - a retrospective study. Emoto, M; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Kurajoh, M; Nagasaki, T; Nagata, Y; Shintani, A; Takahashi, K; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, K; Yamasaki, A, 2019)	0.51
"In pregnant patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ITA-PSV was a significant predictor of increase in LT4 dosage independent of TSH level, while ITA-PSV plus TSH showed significantly improved predictability as compared to TSH alone."	( Thyroid blood flow in inferior thyroid artery as predictor for increase in levothyroxine dosage during pregnancy in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis - a retrospective study. Emoto, M; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Kurajoh, M; Nagasaki, T; Nagata, Y; Shintani, A; Takahashi, K; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, K; Yamasaki, A, 2019)	0.51
" Within a few years, the danger of over-dosage with extracts was recognized and dosing guidance indicated a low dose start and gradual increase as required based on symptoms."	( Thyroxine and treatment of hypothyroidism: seven decades of experience. Hennessey, JV; Mateo, RCI, 2019)	0.51
"Bedtime dosing of Levothyroxine showed improved thyroid hormone status control and could be a viable option in treatment of patients with hypothyroidism."	( A Crossover Study Evaluating Effect of Timing of Levothyroxine on Thyroid Hormone Status in Patients of Hypothyroidism. Chaturvedi, A; Keswani, P; Rathore, M; Saxena, GN; Sharma, G; Sharma, R; Singh, A; Srivastava, S, 2018)	0.48
" Initial dosing of levothyroxine can vary greatly and may be based on the amount of residual thyroid function retained by the patient, the body weight or lean body mass of the patient, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels."	( Levothyroxine Dose Adjustment to Optimise Therapy Throughout a Patient's Lifetime. Duntas, LH; Jonklaas, J, 2019)	0.51
" Several studies have recently reported that the LT4 dosage is useful for predicting the LT4 requirement, but none of the studies followed their patients to puberty."	( Levothyroxine Dosage as Predictor of Permanent and Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan. Hasegawa, Y; Higuchi, S; Itonaga, T; Nagasaki, K; Satoh, M; Sawada, H; Shimura, K; Takahashi, I; Takubo, N, 2019)	0.51
"To determine the cutoff value for the LT4 dosage as a predictor of the LT4 requirement after puberty in patients with CH."	( Levothyroxine Dosage as Predictor of Permanent and Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan. Hasegawa, Y; Higuchi, S; Itonaga, T; Nagasaki, K; Satoh, M; Sawada, H; Shimura, K; Takahashi, I; Takubo, N, 2019)	0.51
"The LT4 dosage and clinical data on 99 patients with CH who were followed at the participating hospitals from the neonatal period to 15 years of age or older were retrospectively analyzed."	( Levothyroxine Dosage as Predictor of Permanent and Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan. Hasegawa, Y; Higuchi, S; Itonaga, T; Nagasaki, K; Satoh, M; Sawada, H; Shimura, K; Takahashi, I; Takubo, N, 2019)	0.51
" Women with overt hypothyroidism (OH) must be treated by levothyroxine (LT4) pre- and during pregnancy, however, it is controversial that when and how to initiate LT4 therapy and further optimize dosing so that pregnant women and their offspring may truly benefit."	( Thyroid hormone therapy of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Shan, Z; Teng, W, 2019)	0.51
" Further work is required to optimise oral radioiodine dosing to achieve maximal euthyroid outcomes."	( Assessment of treatment outcomes in hyperthyroid cats treated with an orally administered fixed dose of radioiodine. Finch, S; Johnstone, T; Lacorcia, L; Yu, L, 2020)	0.56
" Liquid levothyroxine is now commercially available in the United States, but more studies are needed to determine optimal dosing using this formulation."	( Update on congenital hypothyroidism. Cherella, CE; Wassner, AJ, 2020)	0.56
" Medicaid brand levothyroxine new users who were residing in the northeast region, with more prior hospitalization, and initiating a lower dosage of brand levothyroxine, had higher rates of generic substitution."	( Generic levothyroxine initiation and substitution among Medicare and Medicaid populations: a new user cohort study. Chen, L; Dutcher, SK; Hansen, RA; Harris, I; Huo, N; Kiptanui, Z; Li, C; Qian, J; Ullah Mishuk, A; Wang, Z, 2020)	0.56
" Reduction of ATD dosage or replacement of thyroid hormone is suggested to relieve muscular symptoms."	( Myopathy after rapid correction of hyperthyroidism: A case report and review of literature. Gao, H; Hong, T; Lu, R; Wang, H, 2020)	0.56
"9% did not have evidence of being monitored to determine whether the dosage was appropriate."	( Hypothyroidism Treatment Among Older Adults: Evidence from a Claims Database. Espaillat, R; Hepp, Z; Lage, MJ; Vora, J, 2020)	0.56
" In addition to randomization, placebo-control, and masking, four additional design choices to consider include the study population, dosing strategy for levothyroxine and liothyronine, primary and secondary outcome selection, and statistical power."	( Design of the Optimal Trial of Combination Therapy. Cappola, AR, 2020)	0.56
" Furthermore, we compared the oligogenic groups and monogenic groups to examine the correlation between variant dosage and severity."	( Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Congenital Hypothyroidism With Positive Neonatal TSH Screening. Hishimura, N; Ishizu, K; Morikawa, S; Nakamura, A; Nakayama, K; Tajima, T; Yamaguchi, T, 2020)	0.56
" Moreover, oligogenic cases were likely to be more severe than monogenic cases, suggesting that CH may exhibit a gene dosage effect."	( Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Congenital Hypothyroidism With Positive Neonatal TSH Screening. Hishimura, N; Ishizu, K; Morikawa, S; Nakamura, A; Nakayama, K; Tajima, T; Yamaguchi, T, 2020)	0.56
" Reduction in L-T4 dosage by 12."	( Clinical factors predicting the successful discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy in patients diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism. An, JH; Cho, SW; Choi, HS; Jung, KY; Kim, H; Kim, HJ; Park, YJ, 2020)	0.56
"A 31-year-old woman had unstable thyroid function during the third trimester of pregnancy, making it impossible to reduce her dosage of antithyroid medication."	( Fetal goiter identified in a pregnant woman with triiodothyronine-predominant graves' disease: a case report. Adachi, H; Ariake, C; Fujishima, A; Fukuoka, Y; Kameyama, S; Miura, H; Sato, A; Shimoda, Y; Terada, Y, 2020)	0.56
"Compounded oral liquid LT4 products are unlikely to deliver the precise prescribed dosage and reliable product performance when administered to patients."	( Stability and consistency of compounded oral liquid levothyroxine formulations. Carter, CA; Eagerton, DH; Johnson, PR; Meyer, LM; Pickard, W; Stephens, K, )	0.13
" All patients underwent routine blood testing and a complete thyroid-hormone profile dosage before surgical operation."	( Euthyroid sick syndrome in hip fractures: Evaluation of postoperative anemia. C, P; E, P; G, M; G, S; M, C; N, P; R, V; Ziranu, A, 2020)	0.56
" After 7 days of exposure, BP reduced D1 activity in kidney in a dose-dependent manner, while decrease in D1 activity was significant only after dosing with BP1 for 21 days (p < 0."	( Effects of butylparaben exposure on thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) in female Wistar rats. Gogoi, P; Kalita, JC, 2020)	0.56
" In euthyroid men, FT4 was inversely and FT3 positively associated with incident LMM-W in a dose-response manner."	( The prospective relationship between low muscle mass and thyroid hormones among 198 069 euthyroid men and women; comparing different definitions of low muscle mass. Chang, Y; Lee, YT; Park, YS; Ryu, S; Shin, H; Yoon, KJ, 2021)	0.62
"Among euthyroid men, FT4 had inverse dose-response association with new onset of LMM defined with weight (LMM-W) and BMI (LMM-B)."	( The prospective relationship between low muscle mass and thyroid hormones among 198 069 euthyroid men and women; comparing different definitions of low muscle mass. Chang, Y; Lee, YT; Park, YS; Ryu, S; Shin, H; Yoon, KJ, 2021)	0.62
" We used stratified analysis and cubic restricted analysis to investigate the dose-response relationship of individual serum biomarkers and the CVD incident."	( Associations of multiple serum biomarkers and the risk of cardiovascular disease in China. Hou, C; Hou, Q; Liu, W; Su, W; Yao, H; Yi, J, 2020)	0.56
" However, the benefits were different among individuals, as shown by the variations in drug dosage that required to maintain thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stability."	( Relation of Gut Microbes and L-Thyroxine Through Altered Thyroxine Metabolism in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Subjects. Bo, T; Chen, W; Fu, Y; Gao, L; Gong, Y; Guo, T; Wang, Q; Yao, Z; Zhao, J; Zhao, M, 2020)	0.56
" There was no statistical correlation between drug dosage and increased serum CK level."	( Cross-sectional investigation of serum creatine kinase concentration in Graves disease patients treated with oral antithyroid drugs. Cheng, Y; Ren, L; Sun, Z; Yang, H; Zhong, D, 2020)	0.56
" To better understand this relationship, pregnant rats were implanted with a subcutaneous L-thyroxine pellet designed to provide a sustained release of T4 throughout organogenesis in rat embryos (GD 6 to 15; the dosing period of pexacerfont)."	( T4-mediated rescue of aortic malformations in hypothyroid rats indicates maternal thyroid status can affect great vessel development. Augustine-Rauch, K; Graziano, M; Liaw, JJ, 2021)	0.62
" Moreover, it is necessary to set parameters for evaluating the safety and effectiveness and understand which hormone (thyroxine or triiodothyronine), what dosage and at what stage of the disease should be applied."	( [Use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: literature review]. Borisov, DV; Gubaeva, DN; Praskurnichiy, EA, 2020)	0.56
" An insufficient or excessive dosage may result in hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, either one associated with a number of symptoms/complications."	( Levothyroxine Therapy in Thyrodectomized Patients. Materazzi, G; Miccoli, P; Rossi, L, 2020)	0.56
"2 ng/dl, requiring levothyroxine dosage increase, venous TSH ≥ 10 mU/l between 6 and 12 months of age, parental consanguinity and family history of thyroid diseases were associated with increased risk of permanent CH."	( Development of a risk prediction model for early discrimination between permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism. Amirshekari, G; Azizi, F; Cheraghi, L; Khalili, D; Mehran, L; Mousapour, P; Yarahmadi, S, 2021)	0.62
" The increase of the L-T4 dosage may cause iatrogenic hyperthyroidism, especially when the underlying disorders are cured."	( L-T4 Therapy in Enteric Malabsorptive Disorders. Antonelli, A; Elia, G; Fallahi, P; Ferrari, SM; Paparo, SR; Ragusa, F, 2021)	0.62
" Urinary bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)-phosphate concentrations were generally associated with decreased triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in maternal and newborn thyroid hormones in quartile dose-response analyses and multiple informant models."	( Maternal Urinary Organophosphate Esters and Alterations in Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Hormones. Braun, JM; Calafat, AM; Cecil, KM; Chen, A; Dietrich, KN; Hoofnagle, A; Lanphear, BP; Ospina, M; Percy, Z; Vuong, AM; Xie, C; Xu, Y; Yolton, K, 2021)	0.62
" Most importantly, cardiovascular complications compromise the usual start dosage and upward titration of L-T4 due to higher risk of decompensating cardiac ischemia and -function."	( Levothyroxine Therapy in Elderly Patients With Hypothyroidism. Effraimidis, G; Feldt-Rasmussen, U; Watt, T, 2021)	0.62
" Increasing oral dosage of levothyroxine (LT4) is not always effective."	( Subcutaneous administration of levothyroxine: a novel approach to refractory hypothyroidism - A review and a case report. Hoppe, UC; Kopp, K; Lichtenauer, M; Mirna, M; Motloch, LJ; Pleininger, T; Salmhofer, H; Topf, A, 2021)	0.62
" We compared the difference between calculated THRT and prediction rates for optimal THRT dosing needed to achieve a euthyroid state between dosing schemes."	( Comparison of Dosing Schemes for Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy After Thyroidectomy. Barney, JM; Berrios, L; Reinhart, H; Robledo, CA; Romero Arenas, MA; Snyder, S; Valenzuela, F, 2021)	0.62
" Furthermore, for the majority of patients the predicted dose did not match between the two dosing schemes for total and euthyroid samples, 76% (n = 311) and 76% (n = 141) respectively."	( Comparison of Dosing Schemes for Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy After Thyroidectomy. Barney, JM; Berrios, L; Reinhart, H; Robledo, CA; Romero Arenas, MA; Snyder, S; Valenzuela, F, 2021)	0.62
" The consideration of clinical variables other than weight (scheme A) when determining optimal THRT dosing may be of importance to prevent overdoses, with particular clinical relevance in patients with higher BMIs."	( Comparison of Dosing Schemes for Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy After Thyroidectomy. Barney, JM; Berrios, L; Reinhart, H; Robledo, CA; Romero Arenas, MA; Snyder, S; Valenzuela, F, 2021)	0.62
" Our aim was to compare a weight-based dosing method of starting thyroxine to a fixed-dose method in newly diagnosed women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy."	( Weight-based thyroid dosing vs fixed dosing during pregnancy for subclinical hypothyroidism: A retrospective cohort study. Bohlega, B; Feig, DS; Tomlinson, G; Zahedi, A, 2022)	0.72
" Patients older than 60 years or with known or suspected ischemic heart disease should start at a lower dosage of levothyroxine (12."	( Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. Bruehlman, RD; Stem, LA; Wilson, SA, 2021)	0.62
" LT4 initiation in pregestational period, surgical hypothyroidism, high LT4 dose in second/third trimester and alternate-day dosing were associated with medium/high adherence."	( Evaluation of adherence to levothyroxine and out-of-range thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in pregnant women with primary hypothyroidism. Tiryaki Aylıkcı, AB; Topaloğlu, Ö; Yavuz, A, 2021)	0.62
" At the study end, 25 (60%) patients in group A and 17 (40%) in group B preferred bedtime dosing of levothyroxine."	( Comparative efficacy of early morning versus bedtime administration of levothyroxine in children with hypothyroidism: a prospective, open label, randomized, case-control study. Attri, S; Dayal, D; Gupta, A; Kaur, H; Navid, A, 2021)	0.62
" The dose-response association was further analysed by 3 quetiapine doses: low (≤<=0."	( Dose-response association of acute-phase quetiapine treatment with risk of new-onset hypothyroidism in schizophrenia patients. Li, M; Retnakaran, R; Sun, Z; Wen, SW; Yuan, X; Zhai, D; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Acute phase quetiapine treatment for schizophrenia patients was strongly associated with increased risk of developing new-onset hypothyroidism, with a clear dose-response association."	( Dose-response association of acute-phase quetiapine treatment with risk of new-onset hypothyroidism in schizophrenia patients. Li, M; Retnakaran, R; Sun, Z; Wen, SW; Yuan, X; Zhai, D; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Our overall aim is to develop a model that can be applied to optimize dosing in this pediatric patient population since suboptimal treatment of CH during the first 2 years of life is associated with a reduced intelligence quotient between 10 and 14 years."	( Modeling of levothyroxine in newborns and infants with congenital hypothyroidism: challenges and opportunities of a rare disease multi-center study. Bachmann, F; Gächter, P; Gotta, V; Janner, M; Koch, G; Konrad, D; L'Allemand, D; Leroux, S; Pfister, M; Schropp, J; Steffens, B; Szinnai, G; Welzel, T, 2021)	0.62
"5 μg/g every 5 days for 6 injections), anti-PD-L1 antibody (10 μg/g once a week for 6 weeks), anti-PD-L1 antibody (with the same dosage described above) in combination with levothyroxine (0."	( [Cardiotoxicity of Anti-PD-L1 Antibody and the Effect of Levothyroxine  in Attenuating the Related Mortality in Mice]. Chen, Z; Gao, S; Guo, H; Wang, G; Wang, M; Zhou, G, 2021)	0.62
" We have comprehensively reviewed the factors affecting its stability in solid oral dosage forms."	( Levothyroxine Sodium Pentahydrate Tablets - Formulation Considerations. Kaur, N; Suryanarayanan, R, 2021)	0.62
" Among women who received levothyroxine, most received their first prescription during the first trimester (median gestational age: 7 weeks; interquartile range [IQR]: 0, 16) with a median daily dosage of 50 mcg (IQR: 50, 73)."	( Use of levothyroxine among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the United Kingdom: A population-based assessment. Filion, KB; Grandi, SM; Platt, RW; Reynier, P; Yu, OHY; Yu, YH, 2021)	0.62
" TRH stimulation testing was performed following CH diagnosis, with LT4 replacement dosage adjusted to maintain F-T4 at the pre-treatment level."	( Bexarotene-induced central hypothyroidism assessed by TRH stimulation test in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Emoto, M; Hayashi, D; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Kurajoh, M; Miyaoka, D; Morita, A; Nagata, Y; Tateishi, C; Toi, N; Tsuruta, D; Yamada, S, 2022)	0.72
" The most common thyroid imbalance AE for LT4 OF concerned hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, unspecified thyroid function test abnormalities, and dosing issues."	( Real world clinical experience with a new formulation of levothyroxine engineered to meet new and stricter regulatory requirements. Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Tayrouz, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Understanding the impact of patient weight and residual thyroid function on initial levothyroxine dosage and consideration of age, comorbidities, thyrotropin goal, life stage, and quality of life as levothyroxine is adjusted can be challenging and continually evolving."	( Optimal Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Jonklaas, J, 2022)	0.72
" Using linear regression models, generalized additive models and Bayesian kernel machine regression, we found dose-response relationships of the mixture component with outcomes: among the contaminants, p,p'-DDE was the most important positive predictor of TT3, while HCB was predominantly positively associated with FT3 and the FT3/FT4 ratio, indicating different mechanisms underlying these relationships; among the nutrients, EPA was first found to be positively related to the FT3/FT4 ratio."	( Relationship between thyroid hormone parameters and exposure to a mixture of organochlorine pesticides, mercury and nutrients in the cord blood of newborns. Cao, LL; Gao, ZY; Liu, JX; Pan, H; Wang, J; Wang, SS; Yan, CH; Zhang, H, 2022)	0.72
"To investigate whether thyroidectomy increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with thyroid cancer and to explore the association between levothyroxine dosage and type 2 diabetes risk."	( Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Thyroid Cancer After Thyroidectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Baik, SH; Cho, GJ; Choi, KM; Hwang, SY; Kim, JA; Noh, E; Park, M; Roh, E; Song, E; Yoo, HJ, 2022)	0.72
" There was a U-shaped dose-dependent relationship between the levothyroxine dosage and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk."	( Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Thyroid Cancer After Thyroidectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Baik, SH; Cho, GJ; Choi, KM; Hwang, SY; Kim, JA; Noh, E; Park, M; Roh, E; Song, E; Yoo, HJ, 2022)	0.72
" However, 24-48 months after surgery in the majority of patients, the dosage remained stable."	( Long-term Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Use of Levothyroxine and Thyroid Levels. Arfman, IJ; de Heide, LJM; Emous, M; van Oijen, MA; van Roon, EN; Veeger, NJGM; Yska, JP, 2022)	0.72
"The dosage of levothyroxine (LT4) during pregnancy differs among different ethnic groups worldwide."	( Levothyroxine dosages during pregnancy among hypothyroid women. An experience from a tertiary care center of Karachi, Pakistan, based on data from Maternal Hypothyroidism on Pregnancy Outcomes Study (MHPO-5). Islam, N; Khalid, W; Kiran, Z; Sheikh, A, 2022)	0.72
"Levothyroxine dosage of 280 hypothyroid women during pregnancy were reviewed."	( Levothyroxine dosages during pregnancy among hypothyroid women. An experience from a tertiary care center of Karachi, Pakistan, based on data from Maternal Hypothyroidism on Pregnancy Outcomes Study (MHPO-5). Islam, N; Khalid, W; Kiran, Z; Sheikh, A, 2022)	0.72
" This case illustrates some of the challenges associated with the management of patients with signs highly suggestive/diagnostic of myxedema coma, including the optimal loading dosage and intervention timing of thyroid hormone replacement."	( A case of fatal myxedema coma with electrocardiogram Osborne J-wave in a patient initially diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Kaneko, M; Ohara, K; Shikata, H, 2022)	0.72
" Most women with pre-existing treated hypothyroidism require an increase in levothyroxine (LT4) dosing to maintain euthyroidism during gestation."	( Management of Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroxinemia During Pregnancy. Pearce, EN, 2022)	0.72
" A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed across exposure quartiles for PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA in the association with FT4."	( Higher free thyroxine associated with PFAS exposure in first trimester. The Odense Child Cohort. Andersen, MS; Bilenberg, N; Boye, H; Glintborg, D; Grandjean, P; Jensen, RC; Jensen, TK; Madsen, JB; Nielsen, F; Timmermann, CAG, 2022)	0.72
" The mean LT4 daily dosage was 132."	( Assesment of attainment of recommended TSH levels and levothyroxine compliance in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Akalın, A; Alphan Uc, Z; Aydin, K; Aydogan, BI; Bozkur, E; Can, B; Cansu, GB; Cantürk, Z; Dilekci, ENA; Elbuken, G; Ersoy, C; Galip, T; Gokkaya, N; Gungor, K; Hekimsoy, Z; Iyidir, OT; Kalkan, AT; Karagun, B; Keskin, L; Kutbay, NO; Mert, M; Olgun, ME; Ozsari, L; Pekkolay, Z; Topaloglu, O; Unsal, YA; Yavuz, DG; Yay, A; Yazan, CD; Yorulmaz, G, 2022)	0.72
"To explore the appropriate dosage of levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism patients with different thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels."	( Levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism based on thyroid function: a 10-year clinical retrospective study. He, S; Li, L; Ma, X; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
" The initial dosage of levothyroxine was individualized for each patient based on their TSH level and then adjusted according to their thyroid function at every follow-up time point."	( Levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism based on thyroid function: a 10-year clinical retrospective study. He, S; Li, L; Ma, X; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
"After individualized dosage adjustment, all patients achieved normal thyroid function."	( Levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism based on thyroid function: a 10-year clinical retrospective study. He, S; Li, L; Ma, X; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
"An individualized levothyroxine dosage can provide the same therapeutic effect compared to the recommended dosage."	( Levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism based on thyroid function: a 10-year clinical retrospective study. He, S; Li, L; Ma, X; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
" We aimed to (a) develop a mathematical model capturing the dynamics of free thyroxine (FT4) during MMI treatment (b), validate this model by use of numerical simulation in comparison with real-life patient data (c), develop the software application Digital Thyroid (DigiThy) serving either as a practice tool for treating virtual patients or as a decision support system with dosing recommendations for MMI, and (d) validate this software framework by comparing the efficacy of its MMI dosing recommendations with that from clinical endocrinologists."	( Mathematical Modeling of Free Thyroxine Concentrations During Methimazole Treatment for Graves' Disease: Development and Validation of a Computer-Aided Thyroid Treatment Method. Benninger, T; Pilz, S; Reichhartinger, M; Theiler-Schwetz, V; Trummer, C, 2022)	0.72
" It was subsequently used to create the web-based software application DigiThy as a simulation environment for treating virtual patients and an autonomous computer-aided thyroid treatment (CATT) method providing MMI dosing recommendations."	( Mathematical Modeling of Free Thyroxine Concentrations During Methimazole Treatment for Graves' Disease: Development and Validation of a Computer-Aided Thyroid Treatment Method. Benninger, T; Pilz, S; Reichhartinger, M; Theiler-Schwetz, V; Trummer, C, 2022)	0.72
" Treatment success of MMI dosing recommendations in 41 virtually generated patients defined by achieved target FT4 concentrations preferably with low required MMI doses was similar between CATT and usual care."	( Mathematical Modeling of Free Thyroxine Concentrations During Methimazole Treatment for Graves' Disease: Development and Validation of a Computer-Aided Thyroid Treatment Method. Benninger, T; Pilz, S; Reichhartinger, M; Theiler-Schwetz, V; Trummer, C, 2022)	0.72
" Clinical trial data are required to evaluate whether DigiThy can be approved as a decision support system with automatically generated MMI dosing recommendations."	( Mathematical Modeling of Free Thyroxine Concentrations During Methimazole Treatment for Graves' Disease: Development and Validation of a Computer-Aided Thyroid Treatment Method. Benninger, T; Pilz, S; Reichhartinger, M; Theiler-Schwetz, V; Trummer, C, 2022)	0.72
"The EP based on outreach visits significantly improved some indicators in the management of patients with hypothyroidism, with specific reference to appropriateness of TSH dosage and levothyroxine (LT4) treatment modality."	( Management of Hypothyroidism in Internal Medicine: Patient Profile and Effects of an Educational Programme in the Cluster-Randomized FADOI TIAMO Study. Ariete, V; Attardo, TM; Biondi, B; Brancato, D; Campanini, M; Fierro, A; Monaco, E; Nizzoli, M; Romano, R; Usai, C; Vettor, R; Zagarrì, E, 2022)	0.72
" Estimated LBM was a better indicator for dosing calculation in these patients compared with ABW and IBW."	( Profile of Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy in Graves' Disease Patients with Hypothyroidism Post-Radioactive Iodine Ablation: Focus on Different Weight-Based Regimens. Butadej, S; Chatchomchuan, W; Himathongkam, T; Mathiphanit, S; Nakasatien, S; Rajatanavin, R; Thewjitcharoen, Y; Wanothayaroj, E; Yenseung, N, 2022)	0.72
"A personalized simulation tool, p-THYROSIM, was developed (1) to better optimize replacement LT4 and LT4+LT3 dosing for hypothyroid patients, based on individual hormone levels, BMIs, and gender; and (2) to better understand how gender and BMI impact thyroid dynamical regulation over time in these patients."	( Optimized Replacement T4 and T4+T3 Dosing in Male and Female Hypothyroid Patients With Different BMIs Using a Personalized Mechanistic Model of Thyroid Hormone Regulation Dynamics. Chu, BB; Cruz-Loya, M; DiStefano, J; Jonklaas, J; Schneider, DF, 2022)	0.72
" We also optimized combination T3+T4 dosing and computed unmeasured residual thyroid function (RTF) across a wide range of BMIs from male and female patient data."	( Optimized Replacement T4 and T4+T3 Dosing in Male and Female Hypothyroid Patients With Different BMIs Using a Personalized Mechanistic Model of Thyroid Hormone Regulation Dynamics. Chu, BB; Cruz-Loya, M; DiStefano, J; Jonklaas, J; Schneider, DF, 2022)	0.72
"Compared with 3 other dosing methods, the accuracy of p-THYROSIM optimized dosages for LT4 monotherapy was better overall (53% vs."	( Optimized Replacement T4 and T4+T3 Dosing in Male and Female Hypothyroid Patients With Different BMIs Using a Personalized Mechanistic Model of Thyroid Hormone Regulation Dynamics. Chu, BB; Cruz-Loya, M; DiStefano, J; Jonklaas, J; Schneider, DF, 2022)	0.72
"7 µg/100 g body weight) dosed by gavage (serum TSH and T4 levels indicated moderate hypothyroidism) and 3 weeks later placed for breeding."	( Multisensory Stimulation Improves Cognition and Behavior in Adult Male Rats Born to LT4-treated Thyroidectomized Dams. Arnold, AJT; Batistuzzo, A; Bianco, AC; Brás, TS; de Almeida, GG; Dias, E; do Nascimento, BPP; Giannocco, G; Lorena, FB; Ribeiro, MO; Sato, JM; Yamanouchi, LM; Zucato, VP, 2022)	0.72
" MET in a dose-response manner improved the LT4/CMZ-induced testicular toxicity by increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) activities, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), sperm count and motility, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels."	( Metformin alleviates the dysregulated testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis induced by carbimazole in levothyroxine-primed rats. Ameen, AM; Amin, MK; El Sherif, I; Elaidy, SM; Elkholy, SE; Hassan, WA; Tawfik, MM, 2022)	0.72
" LT4 dosage at 3 years of age was significantly higher in patients with P-CH (3."	( Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism in primary congenital hypothyroidism: prevalence and predictive factors. Chooprasertsuk, N; Dejkhamron, P; Unachak, K; Wejaphikul, K, 2022)	0.72
" However, there are inconsistencies in the dose-response effects on the thyroid and kidneys."	( Effects of lead exposure on biomarkers of thyroid and renal function tests among panel beaters in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Aguwa, EN; Kassy, CW; Meka, IA; Okwor, CJ; Onodugo, NP; Onodugo, OD, 2022)	0.72
" There are no established recommendations for the dosage of sirolimus for this particular indication."	( Severe consumptive hypothyroidism in hepatic hemangioendothelioma. Dubinski, I; Häberle, B; Küppers, J; Lurz, E; Schmid, I; Schmidt, H; Walther, A, 2022)	0.72
" However, the precise role of Pb in endocrine health is still unclear because no dose-response relationship has been established for such an effect."	( Exploring the endocrine disrupting potential of lead through benchmark modelling - Study in humans. Baralić, K; Bulat, Z; Djordjevic, AB; Javorac, D; Mandić-Rajčević, S; Marić, Đ; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2023)	0.91
" Additional complications are also present in the form of dosage difficulties, extensive drug interactions and poor patience compliance."	( From hormone replacement therapy to regenerative scaffolds: A review of current and novel primary hypothyroidism therapeutics. Callanan, A; Emmerson, E; Heim, M; Nixon, IJ, 2022)	0.72
"CV outcome and dose-response trials are needed to understand better the role of levothyroxine replacement treatment for a safer prescription in this clinical setting."	( Effect of levothyroxine replacement therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and chronic heart failure: A systematic review. Cittadini, A; Lisco, G; Triggiani, V, 2022)	0.72
"We employed Machine Learning (ML) to evaluate potential additional clinical factors influencing replacement dosage requirements of levothyroxine."	( Efficacy of machine learning to identify clinical factors influencing levothyroxine dosage after total thyroidectomy. Burman, KD; Hu, D; Kang, JK; Lai, V; Lu, J; Rosen, JE; Wartofsky, L; Zheng, H, 2023)	0.91
"0% in predicting adequate dosage compared to 47."	( Efficacy of machine learning to identify clinical factors influencing levothyroxine dosage after total thyroidectomy. Burman, KD; Hu, D; Kang, JK; Lai, V; Lu, J; Rosen, JE; Wartofsky, L; Zheng, H, 2023)	0.91
"Along with weight, sex, age, and BMI, ML algorithms indicated that race, ethnicity, lifestyle and comorbidity factors also may impact levothyroxine dosing in post-thyroidectomy patients with benign conditions."	( Efficacy of machine learning to identify clinical factors influencing levothyroxine dosage after total thyroidectomy. Burman, KD; Hu, D; Kang, JK; Lai, V; Lu, J; Rosen, JE; Wartofsky, L; Zheng, H, 2023)	0.91
" We evaluated whether the increased LT4 dosing influenced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (fT4) concentrations, growth, or treatment-related symptoms."	( Treatment of Congenital Hypothyroidism: Impact of Secular Changes in Levothyroxine Initial Dose on Early Growth. Danner, E; Huopio, H; Jääskeläinen, J; Kero, J; Niinikoski, H; Niuro, L; Viikari, L, 2023)	0.91
" Additionally, we performed a systematic review of related original studies combining overall and dose-response meta-analyses."	( The associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of thyroid cancer: An overall and dose-response meta-analysis. Fu, R; Jiang, Y; Lin, Y; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72
"2 ng/dL) in the dose-response meta-analysis."	( The associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of thyroid cancer: An overall and dose-response meta-analysis. Fu, R; Jiang, Y; Lin, Y; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72
" Patients kept a daily diary for 3-5 days documenting their adherence to three criteria: dosing regimen including time of day, warning labels including drug interactions, and food restrictions."	( Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases. Boggs, RL; Engel, S; Lautsch, D; Martin, AA; Rajpathak, SN; Ricker, B; Wang, T; Way, N; Weiss, TJ; Yue, A, 2023)	0.91
" Adherence, measured by the proportion of the days a participant was adherent to each category out of the observational period (ranging from 3-5 days), varied by type of instruction, with the poorest adherence observed for food restriction requirements (US 34% of the observation days, EU 26%) compared to warning labels (US 77%, EU 67%) and dosing regimen (US 85%, EU 87%)."	( Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases. Boggs, RL; Engel, S; Lautsch, D; Martin, AA; Rajpathak, SN; Ricker, B; Wang, T; Way, N; Weiss, TJ; Yue, A, 2023)	0.91
"Patients adhered to dosing and cautionary instructions across the majority of the study period but were largely non-adherent to food intake restrictions."	( Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases. Boggs, RL; Engel, S; Lautsch, D; Martin, AA; Rajpathak, SN; Ricker, B; Wang, T; Way, N; Weiss, TJ; Yue, A, 2023)	0.91
"18 uIU/mL during venlafaxine dosage reduction from 225 mg/day to 155 mg/day."	( Venlafaxine deprescribing and thyroid function. Jain, S; Zarowitz, BJ, 2023)	0.91
"There was a direct relationship between antidepressant dosage reduction and levothyroxine dosage requirements."	( Venlafaxine deprescribing and thyroid function. Jain, S; Zarowitz, BJ, 2023)	0.91
"Participants are community-dwelling subjects aged ≥60 years using levothyroxine continuously at a stable dosage of ≤150 µg and a level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <10 mU/L."	( Effects of discontinuation of levothyroxine treatment in older adults: protocol for a self-controlled trial. Dekkers, OM; Du Puy, RS; Gussekloo, J; Mooijaart, SP; Poortvliet, RKE; Ravensberg, AJ, 2023)	0.91
" Our findings indicate that target genes other than Hcn2 and Hcn4 mediate T3-induced tachycardia and suggest that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine in high dosage without concomitant tachycardia, is possible."	( Resistance to thyroid hormone induced tachycardia in RTHα syndrome. Arner, A; Boysen, TJ; Chatterjee, K; Dalley, JW; Dore, R; Franke, A; Geißler, C; Hollidge, S; Iwen, KA; Johann, K; Kirchner, H; Krause, C; Lopez-Alcantara, N; Lorenz, K; Lyons, G; Mittag, J; Moran, C; Oelkrug, R; Pedaran, M; Rennie, KL; Resch, J; Sayk, F; Sentis, SC; Watson, L, 2023)	0.91
" However, an insufficient or excessive dosage may result in a number of symptoms/complications especially in older patients."	( Age-based factors modulating the required thyroxine dose to achieve thyrotropin suppression in intermediate-and high-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Ai, L; Chang, S; Chen, P; Huang, P; Li, N; Liu, M; Ou-Yang, DJ; Qin, ZE; Tan, HL; Tang, N; Wei, B; Zhao, YX; Zhou, RY, 2023)	0.91
"1 mIU/L with usual dosage of L-T4 (1."	( Age-based factors modulating the required thyroxine dose to achieve thyrotropin suppression in intermediate-and high-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Ai, L; Chang, S; Chen, P; Huang, P; Li, N; Liu, M; Ou-Yang, DJ; Qin, ZE; Tan, HL; Tang, N; Wei, B; Zhao, YX; Zhou, RY, 2023)	0.91
"As thyroid hormone metabolism slows with advancing age, treatment dosing requirements change."	( Levothyroxine Dosing in Older Adults: Recommendations Derived From The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Abbey, EJ; Gavigan, C; Mammen, JS; McGready, J; Simonsick, EM, 2023)	0.91
" For those SCH patients who are prescribed LT4 treatment, the dosage should be personalized, and serum TSH levels should be regularly monitored to maintain the optimal LT4 regimen."	( Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Focus on Proven Health Effects in the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines. Chung, HK; Ku, EJ; Yoo, WS, 2023)	0.91
" We observed a positive trend in the cumulative effects of BPs and iodine on serum triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), as well as a U-shaped dose-response relationship between BPs and the probability of occurrence of thyroperoxidase autoantibody positivity in women with low urinary iodine concentration."	( The Joint Effects of Bisphenols and Iodine Exposure on Thyroid during Pregnancy. Hong, X; Lu, W; Mai, S; Qu, M; Shen, L; Shi, Z; Song, Q; Sun, Z; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zang, J, 2023)	0.91
" Our findings underscore the need for careful dosing and for due consideration of deintensification of treatment where appropriate."	( Over- and Undertreatment With Levothyroxine. Alaeddin, N; Breteler, MMB; de Rijke, YB; de Vries, FM; Jongejan, RMS; Peeters, RP; Stingl, JC, 2023)	0.91
" The existence of a dose-response relationship was established between Ni and all the measured parameters of thyroid functions in entire population and in both sexes."	( Nickel as a potential disruptor of thyroid function: benchmark modelling of human data. Antonijevic, B; Baralic, K; Bulat, Z; Djordjevic, AB; Djukic-Cosic, D; Javorac, D; Mandic-Rajcevic, S; Maric, D; Zarkovic, M, 2023)	0.91
" Individualized management and accurate hormone replacement dosage for postoperative childhood-onset CP patients are of great importance."	( Postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and long-term hormone replacement in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. Bai, RN; Chen, J; Deng, Y; Fan, K; Ge, M; Gong, J; Li, S; Miao, Y; Peng, X; Wei, Y; Wu, D; Wu, Q; Zhao, C, 2023)	0.91

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Products

Product Category	Products
Professional Supplements	4
Vitamins & Supplements	2
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Allergy Research Group Stabilium 200 -- 30 Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Beta, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Liposomal DIM-E - Diindolylmethane Antioxidant SGS Vitamin E Tocopherols & Isomers -- 120 Capsules	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Diindolylmethane, Gamma, Beta	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Grape -- 60 Tablets	Douglas Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Orange -- 60 Tablets	Douglas Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Capsules -- 120 Capsules	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	D-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablets -- 120 Tablets	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	D-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, glycerin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutri Organic Ergo Youth L-Ergothioneine - Mushroom Complex -- 60 Organic Capsules	Nutri	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Beta-	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
thyroid hormone	Any hormone produced by the thyroid gland
antithyroid drug	A drug used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
mitogen	A chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
thyroxine	An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.
iodophenol
2-halophenol	A halophenol in which the halogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the C-OH group.
L-phenylalanine derivative	A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-phenylalanine by a heteroatom.
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
thyroxine zwitterion	The amino acid zwitterion formed from thyroxine by transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. Major species at pH 7.3.
amino acid zwitterion	The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
iodothyronine	An iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is thyronine.
2-halophenol	A halophenol in which the halogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the C-OH group.
iodophenol
tyrosine derivative	An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, any substitution of phenyl hydrogens, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tyrosine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tyrosine residues.
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Amino acid and derivative metabolism	250	260
Metabolism of amine-derived hormones	14	40
Thyroxine biosynthesis	8	19
Regulation of thyroid hormone activity	3	6
Hippocampal synaptogenesis and neurogenesis	1	6
Role of hypoxia, angiogenesis, and FGF pathway in OA chondrocyte hypertrophy	12	3
Growth factors and hormones in Beta-cell proliferation	0	3
Thyroxine (thyroid hormone) production	0	10
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Angiopoietin-like protein 8 regulatory pathway	1	5
Amino acid metabolism	0	94
NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation	29	14
NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation	29	19
Selenium micronutrient network	0	95

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	89.1251	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	0.9439	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159523
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.1093	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Potency	3.1623	0.7079	12.1943	39.8107	AID720542
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.3491	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	32.0103	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1346984; AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0353	0.0013	10.1577	42.8575	AID1259253; AID1259256
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.7708	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1259401
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	40.4738	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9959	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.2395	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588534; AID588535
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.7645	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID588537; AID743191
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.2868	0.0007	23.0674	1,258.9301	AID651777; AID743085; AID743122
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0062	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.8952	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159528
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.7373	0.0100	39.5371	1,122.0200	AID1469; AID1479; AID588545
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0194	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743066
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.8876	0.1683	16.4040	67.0158	AID720504
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	49.0302	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID720636; AID743202; AID743219
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.4256	12.0591	28.1838	AID504891
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.1000	28.9256	213.3130	AID588591
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.9599	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7079	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	6.3096	60.2008	112.2020	AID720709
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.5404	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.3872	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.6561	9.4520	25.1189	AID927
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	1.5849	13.0043	25.1189	AID927
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.6228	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.9626	0.1600	4.2921	10.0000	AID1322954; AID448548
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	50.0000	3.6000	4.9500	6.3000	AID739861
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.2500	0.3000	3.2580	7.3000	AID1222388; AID1222389
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.0000	0.1200	2.8700	8.0000	AID679784
Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7.8600	0.0183	4.5603	10.0000	AID755454
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	15.8000	0.0380	3.0910	9.8000	AID1384621
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0020	0.0001	0.0010	0.0020	AID977611
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0020	0.0001	0.0010	0.0020	AID977611
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	55.6000	0.0020	3.5196	10.0000	AID1215087; AID1215094
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0190	0.0004	0.2584	3.7400	AID1668582
Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2400	0.0002	0.0348	0.2400	AID1668584
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	15.4000	0.0001	0.3427	9.1000	AID1668538
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.9300	0.0004	0.5838	8.8000	AID1668539
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	12.0000	0.0000	0.9922	10.0000	AID1668534
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.4000	0.0012	0.9531	4.9800	AID1668536
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	6.5300	0.2400	3.2841	6.5300	AID679490
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	4.9300	4.3000	6.3960	8.8000	AID679480
Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)	Concentration	0.0100	0.0100	0.1380	0.6000	AID161428
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	8.0000	6.4000	7.4200	9.6000	AID682051
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	16.1000	1.0000	4.4333	8.5000	AID681577; AID681578
Monocarboxylate transporter 8	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	4.7000	2.2000	3.6333	4.7000	AID681174
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	0.0904	0.0904	0.1091	0.1277	AID681135
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	3.0000	0.0076	3.2018	10.0000	AID681342
Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)	Concentration	0.0200	0.0100	0.1380	0.6000	AID161428
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
associative learning	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
Rap protein signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activity	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiogenesis	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stress fiber assembly	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of endothelial barrier	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleobase metabolic process	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cartilage condensation	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ossification	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
female courtship behavior	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte differentiation	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid gland development	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of female receptivity	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of lipid catabolic process	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
type I pneumocyte differentiation	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of sound	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of female receptivity	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
female courtship behavior	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal cone cell development	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I pneumocyte differentiation	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal cone cell apoptotic process	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
base-excision repair, gap-filling	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
mismatch repair	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
translesion synthesis	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork processing	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
estrous cycle	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA repair	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cadmium ion	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasone	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
liver regeneration	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
response to L-glutamate	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
leading strand elongation	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transporter activity	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to retinoic acid	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
anatomical structure development	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
liver development	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin conjugation	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
acute-phase response	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to starvation	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of steroid metabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
flavone metabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular glucuronidation	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
flavonoid glucuronidation	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic glucuronidation	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
biphenyl catabolic process	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ethanol	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transport	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adiponectin secretion	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storage	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
monocyte differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
BMP signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipid	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein transport	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cell fate commitment	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cell maturation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
white fat cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cholesterol transporter activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial fission	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adipose tissue development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesis	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
tricarboxylic acid cycle	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
oxaloacetate metabolic process	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
malate metabolic process	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
NADH metabolic process	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
aerobic respiration	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
malate-aspartate shuttle	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular glucose homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction assembly	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type II interferon production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-1 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-2 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urea metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular triglyceride homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fatty acid	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organonitrogen compound	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cholesterol metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to bile acid	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adipose tissue development	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic process	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transport	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleobase metabolic process	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid metabolic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphorylation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone activity	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
damaged DNA binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
MutLalpha complex binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA polymerase binding	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA polymerase processivity factor activity	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D response element binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activity	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear vitamin D receptor binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid-responsive element binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding domain binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
LBD domain binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid binding	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme inhibitor activity	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronosyltransferase activity	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleic acid binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding domain binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
LBD domain binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
R-SMAD binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
E-box binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
STAT family protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
L-malate dehydrogenase activity	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid receptor activity	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chenodeoxycholic acid binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone activity	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
dopachrome isomerase activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
chemoattractant activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
Notch binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6 receptor binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
intermediate filament cytoskeleton	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cortical actin cytoskeleton	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
endomembrane system	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear lamina	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear replication fork	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
PCNA complex	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
replisome	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
PCNA-p21 complex	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytochrome complex	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
euchromatin	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cell-cell junction	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membrane	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347164	384 well plate NINDS Rhodamine confirmatory qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347163	384 well plate NINDS AMC confirmatory qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347158	ZIKV-mCherry secondary qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1215089	Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis relative to rifampicin	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 39, Issue:1	Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.
AID38733	In vivo percentage antigoiter activity of compound was determined	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Role of iodine in thyroid hormones: molecular conformation of a halogen-free hormone analogue.
AID1668567	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells with THRA knockdown assessed as induction of CD36 mRNA expression incubated for 8 hrs by qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1215087	Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 39, Issue:1	Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.
AID1215093	Activation of rat PXR expressed in human HepG2 cells up to 46 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based luminescent analysis	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 39, Issue:1	Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.
AID448551	Displacement of [125I]thyroxin from TTR	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Isatin derivatives, a novel class of transthyretin fibrillogenesis inhibitors.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1149270	Thyroxine-like activity in rat by antigoiter assay relative to control	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 19, Issue:5	Quantitative structure-activity relationships. 2. A mixed approach, based on Hansch and Free-Wilson Analysis.
AID1668538	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID681577	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OAT-K2-expressing MDCK cells	2001	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Oct, Volume: 299, Issue:1	Multispecific substrate recognition of kidney-specific organic anion transporters OAT-K1 and OAT-K2.
AID679480	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1998	The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 273, Issue:35	Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of a new organic anion transporter subtype (oatp3) that transports thyroid hormones and taurocholate and comparison with oatp2.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1222388	Inhibition of human recombinant UGT1A1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in bilirubin glucuronidation by LC-MS/MS method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Correlation between bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-gluronidation in the presence of model UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 substrates/inhibitors.
AID624616	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT2B15	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID386623	Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19	Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID1668566	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of CD36 mRNA expression at 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs in presence of PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 by qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID681248	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine uptake (3,3',5-triiodothyronine:10nM, L-thyroxine: 10 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2003	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 278, Issue:41	Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter.
AID1200479	Inhibition of rat GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at 100 uM by liquid scintillation counting	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5	A binding mode hypothesis of tiagabine confirms liothyronine effect on γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1).
AID484589	Stimulation of angiogenesis of fertilized chicken egg membrane assessed as stimulation of blood vessel formation at 10 ug/CAM after 48 hrs by CAM assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Semisynthesis and pharmacological activities of thyroxine analogs: Development of new angiogenesis modulators.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1668536	Binding affinity to recombinant PPARgamma LBD (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID681113	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-tryptophan uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	The Journal of biological chemistry, May-18, Volume: 276, Issue:20	Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID739861	Inhibition of human recombinant PCNA interaction with PIP box protein N-5-carboxyfluorescein-SAVLQKKITDYFHPKK after 30 mins by fluorescence polarization assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Small molecule inhibitors of PCNA/PIP-box interaction suppress translesion DNA synthesis.
AID210552	Relative binding affinity for nuclear receptor from rat liver compared to thyroxine (T4) as KA(comp)/KA(T4	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Polychlorinated biphenyls and related compound interactions with specific binding sites for thyroxine in rat liver nuclear extracts.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1668583	Agonist activity at THRalpha (unknown origin) assessed as fold activation incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID681239	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of thyroxine uptake (thyroxine:10nM, L-thyroxine: 10 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2003	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 278, Issue:41	Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter.
AID161305	Relative binding affinity against prealbumin in competition binding assay and expressed as relative to L-T4 (100)	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	Molecular interactions of toxic chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans with thyroxine binding prealbumin.
AID679701	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MTX uptake (MTX: 0.1 uM, T4: 50 uM) in OAT-K2-expressing MDCK cells	2001	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Oct, Volume: 299, Issue:1	Multispecific substrate recognition of kidney-specific organic anion transporters OAT-K1 and OAT-K2.
AID1668576	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV-fused HNF4alpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid at 0.01 to 10 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1215094	Competitive binding affinity to human PXR LBD (111 to 434) by TR-FRET assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 39, Issue:1	Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.
AID755454	Antagonist activity at human GTS-tagged FXR after 20 mins by TR-FRET assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Development of time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for FXR antagonist discovery.
AID1668594	Activation of firefly luciferase expressed in HEK293T cells at 15 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1476499	Inhibition of MDH2 (unknown origin)	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-26, Volume: 60, Issue:20	Methyl 3-(3-(4-(2,4,4-Trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy)-propanamido)benzoate as a Novel and Dual Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) 1/2 Inhibitor Targeting Cancer Metabolism.
AID679490	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1998	The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 273, Issue:35	Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of a new organic anion transporter subtype (oatp3) that transports thyroid hormones and taurocholate and comparison with oatp2.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1054847	Inhibition of human recombinant TTR Y78F mutant-mediated fibrillogenesis at 40 uM after 30 mins by turbidimetric assay relative to control	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Modulation of the fibrillogenesis inhibition properties of two transthyretin ligands by halogenation.
AID1668535	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid assessed as maximum fold activation incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID755449	Agonist activity at PXR (unknown origin) expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 transactivation at 40 uM after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Development of time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for FXR antagonist discovery.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1668585	Agonist activity at THRbeta (unknown origin) assessed as fold activation incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID227718	Binding energy by using the equation deltaG obsd = -RT ln KD	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Functional group contributions to drug-receptor interactions.
AID1668531	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid at 10 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1668537	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID682051	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	Endocrinology, May, Volume: 142, Issue:5	Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner.
AID1215095	Competitive binding affinity to human PXR LBD (111 to 434) by TR-FRET assay relative to SR12813	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 39, Issue:1	Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.
AID1668574	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells with THRA knockdown assessed as induction of CD36 expression at 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs in by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1668534	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID146674	In vitro binding affinity of compound to the rat Hepatic nuclear protein receptors was determined	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Role of iodine in thyroid hormones: molecular conformation of a halogen-free hormone analogue.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID161435	Relative binding affinity for thyroxin binding prealbumin (TBPA) from rat liver compared to thyroxine (T4) as KA(comp)/KA(T4)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Polychlorinated biphenyls and related compound interactions with specific binding sites for thyroxine in rat liver nuclear extracts.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID699539	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1668580	Drug metabolism in human HepG2 cells assessed as (S)-2-amino-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid formation at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by LC-MS analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1668582	Agonist activity at THRalpha (unknown origin) incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1668579	Drug metabolism in human HepG2 cells assessed as 2-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid formation at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by LC-MS analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID680312	TP_TRANSPORTER: immunohistochemistry in vivo, duodenum	2002	Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:3	Effect of levothyroxine administration on intestinal P-glycoprotein expression: consequences for drug disposition.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID680924	TP_TRANSPORTER: RT-PCR in vivo, duodenal	2002	Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:3	Effect of levothyroxine administration on intestinal P-glycoprotein expression: consequences for drug disposition.
AID681831	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake (Taurochorate: 1 uM, T4: 200 uM, data not shown) in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1998	The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 273, Issue:35	Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of a new organic anion transporter subtype (oatp3) that transports thyroid hormones and taurocholate and comparison with oatp2.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID679784	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Triiodothyronine uptake in OATP4C1-expressing MDCK cells	2004	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Mar-09, Volume: 101, Issue:10	Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney.
AID1054848	Inhibition of human recombinant TTR Y78F mutant-mediated fibrillogenesis after 30 mins by turbidimetric assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Modulation of the fibrillogenesis inhibition properties of two transthyretin ligands by halogenation.
AID484590	Stimulation of angiogenesis in Matrigel plug implanted C57BL/6 mouse assessed as increase of hemoglobin level after 14 days at 10 ug/plug by Matrigel assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Semisynthesis and pharmacological activities of thyroxine analogs: Development of new angiogenesis modulators.
AID161428	Concentration at which 50% total binding against prealbumin protein occurs	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.
AID1668539	Binding affinity to RXRalpha LBD (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID678978	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	Endocrinology, May, Volume: 142, Issue:5	Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner.
AID681380	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1999	Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Jan-19, Volume: 254, Issue:2	Identification of thyroid hormone transporters.
AID1668532	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRbeta LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid at 10 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1668597	Activation of renilla luciferase expressed in HEK293T cells at 15 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID624609	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A6	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID681342	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1999	The Journal of biological chemistry, Jun-11, Volume: 274, Issue:24	Identification of a novel gene family encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter LST-1.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID680618	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of T3 uptake (T3: 1 uM, T4: 100 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	Endocrinology, May, Volume: 142, Issue:5	Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner.
AID1668530	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid at 10 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID448548	Inhibition of TTR mediated fibrillogenesis assessed as acid-induced protein aggregation turbidity after 1.5 hrs by turbidimetric assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Isatin derivatives, a novel class of transthyretin fibrillogenesis inhibitors.
AID755455	Antagonist activity at human GTS-tagged FXR at 15 uM after 20 mins by TR-FRET assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Development of time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for FXR antagonist discovery.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1668573	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells without THRB knockdown assessed as induction of CD36 expression at 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs in by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1668568	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells with THRB knockdown assessed as induction of CD36 mRNA expression incubated for 8 hrs by qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID624606	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A1	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID681333	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1999	Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Jan-19, Volume: 254, Issue:2	Identification of thyroid hormone transporters.
AID681174	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2003	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 278, Issue:41	Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID210546	Percentage thyroxine-binding globulin binding activity of compound was determined in human serum	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Role of iodine in thyroid hormones: molecular conformation of a halogen-free hormone analogue.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1215091	Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells up to 46 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based luminescent analysis	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 39, Issue:1	Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.
AID448549	Inhibition of TTR mediated fibrillogenesis assessed as acid-induced protein aggregation turbidity after 1.5 hrs by turbidimetric assay relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Isatin derivatives, a novel class of transthyretin fibrillogenesis inhibitors.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1668575	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells with THRB knockdown assessed as induction of CD36 expression at 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs in by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID678808	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2000	FEBS letters, Jun-02, Volume: 474, Issue:2-3	Identification of organic anion transporting polypeptide 4 (Oatp4) as a major full-length isoform of the liver-specific transporter-1 (rlst-1) in rat liver.
AID1322954	Stabilization of recombinant human wild type TTR expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta formation by measuring turbidity preincubated for 30 mins followed by lowering pH from 7.2 to 4.4 measured after 72 hrs by mic	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121	A novel bis-furan scaffold for transthyretin stabilization and amyloid inhibition.
AID1668564	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of CD36 mRNA expression at 10 to 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs by qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID678960	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OATP-C-expressing 293c18 cells	1999	The Journal of biological chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 274, Issue:52	A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver-specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor transporters.
AID681578	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OAT-K1-expressing MDCK cells	2001	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Oct, Volume: 299, Issue:1	Multispecific substrate recognition of kidney-specific organic anion transporters OAT-K1 and OAT-K2.
AID699541	Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID699540	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID161427	Relative binding affinity to prealbumin was determined from the competition binding assays and is expressed relative to L-T4	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.
AID1668584	Agonist activity at THRbeta (unknown origin) incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID679296	TP_TRANSPORTER: cell accumulation in Oatp14-expressing HEK293 cells	2004	Endocrinology, Sep, Volume: 145, Issue:9	Involvement of multispecific organic anion transporter, Oatp14 (Slc21a14), in the transport of thyroxine across the blood-brain barrier.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID624608	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A4	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID1668533	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRgamma LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid at 10 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1668540	Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid at 15 uM incubated for 14 to 16 hrs in presence of PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 by dual glo luciferase	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID213151	In vitro percentage thymocyte activity of compound was determined in rat	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Role of iodine in thyroid hormones: molecular conformation of a halogen-free hormone analogue.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1222389	Inhibition of human recombinant UGT1A1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in estradiol 3-glucuronidation by LC-MS/MS method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Correlation between bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-gluronidation in the presence of model UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 substrates/inhibitors.
AID681135	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OATP-F-expressing CHO cells	2002	Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), Oct, Volume: 16, Issue:10	Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide as a high affinity thyroxine transporter.
AID681151	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	Gastroenterology, Feb, Volume: 120, Issue:2	Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID755445	Agonist activity at PXR (unknown origin) expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 transactivation after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Development of time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for FXR antagonist discovery.
AID1668581	Drug metabolism in human HepG2 cells assessed as 2-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid formation at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by LC-MS analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID1668572	Agonist activity at PPARgamma in human HepG2 cells without THRA knockdown assessed as induction of CD36 expression at 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs in by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARγ.
AID624612	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A9	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID1322955	Stabilization of recombinant human wild type TTR expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta formation by measuring turbidity at 0.5 to 2 times molar concentration preincubated for 30 mins followed by lowering pH from 7	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121	A novel bis-furan scaffold for transthyretin stabilization and amyloid inhibition.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1347149	Furin counterscreen qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347152	Confirmatory screen NINDS AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347157	Confirmatory screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors qHTS	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347169	Tertiary RLuc qRT-PCR qHTS assay for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347167	Vero cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347168	HepG2 cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347161	Confirmatory screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347153	Confirmatory screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	2004	The Journal of biological chemistry, Dec-31, Volume: 279, Issue:53	Thyroxine-thyroid hormone receptor interactions.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2004	The Journal of biological chemistry, Dec-31, Volume: 279, Issue:53	Thyroxine-thyroid hormone receptor interactions.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1346752	Human Thyroid hormone receptor-beta (1A. Thyroid hormone receptors)	1990	Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	Binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its analogs to the in vitro translational products of c-erbA protooncogenes: differences in the affinity of the alpha- and beta-forms for the acetic acid analog and failure of the human testis and kidney alpha-2
AID1346773	Human Thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (1A. Thyroid hormone receptors)	1990	Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	Binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its analogs to the in vitro translational products of c-erbA protooncogenes: differences in the affinity of the alpha- and beta-forms for the acetic acid analog and failure of the human testis and kidney alpha-2
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1347161	Confirmatory screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347149	Furin counterscreen qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347157	Confirmatory screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors qHTS	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347169	Tertiary RLuc qRT-PCR qHTS assay for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1384621	Inhibition of recombinant human MIF expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using L-dopa as substrate	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-27, Volume: 61, Issue:18	Advances and Insights for Small Molecule Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor.
AID161427	Relative binding affinity to prealbumin was determined from the competition binding assays and is expressed relative to L-T4	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.
AID1146022	Binding affinity to rat hepatic solubilized nuclear thyroid hormone receptor relative to L-T3	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Thyroxine analogues. 23. Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies of in vivo and in vitro thyromimetic activities.
AID1146021	Displacement of radiolabelled L-T3 from thyroid hormone receptor in intact rat hepatic nuclei relative to T3	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Thyroxine analogues. 23. Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies of in vivo and in vitro thyromimetic activities.
AID1146023	Binding affinity to thyroxine binding globulin (unknown origin) relative to T4	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Thyroxine analogues. 23. Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies of in vivo and in vitro thyromimetic activities.
AID1146020	In vivo antigoiter activity in rat	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Thyroxine analogues. 23. Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies of in vivo and in vitro thyromimetic activities.
AID1145381	Binding affinity to rat thyroid hormone receptor	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 19, Issue:5	Quantitative structure-activity relationships. 1. The modified Free-Wilson approach.
AID161428	Concentration at which 50% total binding against prealbumin protein occurs	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	18866 (51.60)	18.7374
1990's	5454 (14.92)	18.2507
2000's	5130 (14.03)	29.6817
2010's	5216 (14.27)	24.3611
2020's	1899 (5.19)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1,410 (3.62%)	5.53%
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2,142 (5.49%)	6.00%
Reviews	1 (20.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3,344 (8.58%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	175 (0.45%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	31,918 (81.86%)	84.16%
Other	4 (80.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	2.41	1	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.66	3	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	2.4	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	2.65	3	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
3-mercaptopyruvic acid 3-mercaptopyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; thiol	antidote to cyanide poisoning; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-phenylpropionic acid 3-phenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-phenylpropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid	antifungal agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids	1.93	1	0
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	5.36	18	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.33	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	3.95	4	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	3.32	2	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.83	12	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.11	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.96	14	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.36	2	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	3.33	7	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	4.09	16	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.04	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.38	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	4.63	28	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.87	4	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	2.34	2	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	3.45	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	3.1	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	4.22	5	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.74	11	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.73	11	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	4	4	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	3.48	8	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	6.63	17	1	amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).	7.63	3	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	3.34	7	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.62	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	2.37	2	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	8.33	28	3	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	7.63	3	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.28	6	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	2.68	3	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	11.21	27	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.87	4	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	8.15	81	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	3.33	7	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	7.94	4	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	1.95	1	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	5.02	13	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	1.95	1	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
2-aminoacetaldehyde 2-aminoacetaldehyde: structure. 2-aminoacetaldehyde : An amino aldehyde that is acetaldehyde in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	1.96	1	0	amino aldehyde; omega-aminoaldehyde	Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	4.16	5	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	3.1	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
2-nitropropane 2-nitropropane: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 2 position. 2-nitropropane : A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC).	1.95	1	0	secondary nitroalkane	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent; xenobiotic
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.17	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	3.1	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
nicotine 1-n-oxide nicotine 1-N-oxide: RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. nicotine N(1')-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen of nicotine.	1.96	1	0	pyridines; pyrrolidine N-oxides
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	6.48	24	2	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.88	6	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	3.46	8	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.35	2	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	3.01	4	0	alpha-amino acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	3.46	8	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.	1.96	1	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	3.08	5	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	3.59	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.41	2	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	7.94	27	1	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	9.27	37	3	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diethyl phosphate diethyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethyl hydrogen phosphate : A dialkyl phosphate having ethyl as the alkyl group.	2.15	1	0	dialkyl phosphate	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
o,o-diethyl phosphorothionate O,O-diethyl phosphorothionate: metabolite of organothiophosphorous insecticides; structure given in first source. O,O-diethyl hydrogen thiophosphate : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of phosphorothioic O,O,O-acid.	2.15	1	0	organic thiophosphate	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
dihydrolipoamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0	dithiol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cofactor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	3.83	12	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.06	5	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.4	2	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	4.35	21	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	1.95	1	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	8.18	47	2	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	1.93	1	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.07	1	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	6.92	15	2	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.17	5	0
histamine [no description available]	7.13	50	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
homogentisic acid Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.25	1	0	dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; hydroquinones	human metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	8.68	10	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	4	4	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.41	2	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	7.35	2	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	6.98	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	3.1	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	24.61	2,394	93	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	7.47	24	1	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	4.81	6	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	3.83	4	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	1.98	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	11.24	11	1	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	2.72	3	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	5.82	12	2	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	13.28	129	8	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	6.93	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.42	2	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	3.6	9	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	6.52	18	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	7.93	21	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	9.17	36	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.97	13	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	9.72	7	1	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
n,n-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	3.1	1	0	dimethylaniline; tertiary amine
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.44	2	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	4.14	17	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	1.93	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	1.96	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.64	3	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	4.17	5	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	3.76	11	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.36	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	9.14	16	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	3.8	1	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	4.78	10	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	3.03	5	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	1.96	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-phenylhydantoin, (+-)-isomer 5-phenylhydantoin: structure given in first source	1.93	1	0
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.65	3	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	7.86	4	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	5.04	11	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	3.42	1	1	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	2.1	1	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	1.97	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.94	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	3.32	7	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	2.65	3	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
putrescine [no description available]	7.36	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	3.87	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	1.96	1	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.35	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	1.95	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	5.52	23	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	10.81	18	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	3.5	2	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	8.83	12	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.38	2	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.4	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	3.88	13	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	2.4	2	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	9.67	9	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	5.48	22	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	4.03	3	1	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.41	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.89	4	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptophan [no description available]	3.1	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; aminoalkylindole; aromatic amino acid; polar amino acid	Daphnia magna metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	5.97	10	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	12.08	60	6	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	8.41	96	4	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	3.1	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	1.94	1	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	3.53	2	0	hydroxyflavan
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.39	2	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	2.03	1	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
normetanephrine Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.	3.21	6	0	catecholamine
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	4.66	9	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	3.77	3	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.37	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.07	1	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	1.96	1	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	2.38	2	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	6.53	47	1	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	1.96	1	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2.07	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.	2.02	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
hoe 33342 BXI-72: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	fluorochrome
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.03	1	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4,6-tribromophenol [no description available]	3	4	0	bromophenol	environmental contaminant; fungicide; marine metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	7.88	4	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	4.02	15	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-aminofluorene [no description available]	3.1	1	0
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	3.34	7	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.	2.01	1	0	benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.94	4	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	4.22	18	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.	8.04	5	0	aminopropionitrile	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	4.56	26	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
ro 5-4864 4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor	1.96	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
chlorocresol chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.	1.95	1	0	hydroxytoluene; monochlorobenzenes	antimicrobial agent; disinfectant; ryanodine receptor agonist
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	5.56	5	1	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.73	3	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
phenytoin [no description available]	12.93	126	5	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	9.16	17	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.	2.88	4	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist
6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.	3.1	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	3.47	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	2.06	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	4.2	5	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	5.72	15	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	5.3	7	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.66	3	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.59	2	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
n-acetylphenylalanine N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.	2.01	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative	antidepressant; metabolite
ethacridine Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.	1.96	1	0	acridines
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	1.94	1	0
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.23	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	5.75	11	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	4.36	6	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	3.23	1	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	3.79	3	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	5.51	9	2	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	3.23	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.04	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	4.08	4	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	4.01	4	0	aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	6.45	14	1	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	3.23	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	4.56	8	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.74	3	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	5.01	13	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.	1.96	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazolone	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
theophylline [no description available]	7.74	71	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	14.98	223	10	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	6.86	12	1	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	4.08	4	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	3.66	10	0	barbiturates
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	3.23	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.45	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	6.4	13	1	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	2.04	1	0	guanidines
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	3.28	6	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	9.54	49	2	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.71	3	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	8.24	20	2	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	1.95	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	6.87	12	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
baclofen [no description available]	4.06	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	3.06	5	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.38	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bemegride Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.	1.93	1	0	piperidones
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	3.59	2	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	3.49	2	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.66	3	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	4.12	4	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.37	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	1.93	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl isothiocyanate benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma	2.08	1	0	benzenes; isothiocyanate	antibacterial drug
butylbenzyl phthalate spatozoate: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	benzyl ester
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	3.08	5	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	8.12	5	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	4.19	5	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betaxolol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	3.51	2	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	3.85	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	3.49	2	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	6.28	6	1	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	6.94	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	1.96	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
bumetanide [no description available]	4.35	3	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	4.06	3	1	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	4.9	6	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	4.1	4	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital	3.23	1	0	barbiturates
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.13	1	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	11.81	35	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	10.54	22	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	2.03	1	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.47	2	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.05	1	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.86	3	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	11.81	65	8	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	3.5	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.89	4	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	3.86	3	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.41	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.44	2	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carvedilol [no description available]	5.95	7	1	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.91	4	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
celecoxib [no description available]	4.08	4	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	4.27	5	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.71	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	1.95	1	0	pyridinium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.68	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.47	2	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.77	3	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	3.82	3	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	4.17	5	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	5.08	14	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	4.99	5	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxine chloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; antiseborrheic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.38	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	4.54	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	6.99	43	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	5.83	7	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	8.86	11	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	3.23	1	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	4.08	4	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	7.16	16	2	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	9.21	5	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	5.64	5	1	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	4.54	7	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	8.08	5	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	9.26	4	1	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.71	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	12.08	90	3	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	3.78	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	3.59	2	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	11.18	10	1	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	4.87	6	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	6.07	23	0	clonidine; imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide [no description available]	3.1	1	0	sulfonamide
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	3.23	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	4.27	5	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	3.1	1	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.88	4	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclopentolate Cyclopentolate: A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.. cyclopentolate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.	2.01	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; muscarinic antagonist; mydriatic agent; parasympatholytic
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	5.54	9	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	3.53	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	2.69	3	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.05	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	4.53	4	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
decamethonium decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.	2.01	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	3.1	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	3.44	1	1	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	5.75	6	1	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	13.49	26	3	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.4	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	6.54	21	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.91	4	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	11.81	20	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.47	2	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	4.19	5	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	3	4	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	7.24	18	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	4.05	14	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	5.89	19	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	1.95	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	3.78	3	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	10.5	12	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dihydrocytochalasin b dihydrocytochalasin B: inhibits cell motility in many eucaryotic cells	1.99	1	0
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	3.59	2	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	7.91	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	4.97	7	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	4.35	6	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	4.22	5	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	9.46	7	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	10.23	38	2	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	4.06	3	1
p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.	2.05	1	0
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	3.35	7	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	5.82	6	1	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	3.23	1	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	5.49	4	1	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	4.54	4	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	4.05	2	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	3.23	1	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	3.23	1	0	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	1.99	1	0
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	3.1	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	1.97	1	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	4.45	5	1	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.05	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	10.55	17	1
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	5.26	3	1	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	4.52	4	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	7.89	4	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	3.23	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.. ethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; quinolines	antifungal agrochemical; food antioxidant; genotoxin; geroprotector; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	2.03	1	0	phenoxazine
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2	1	0
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	1.96	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	4.01	4	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	10.62	5	1	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	8.43	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
famprofazone famprofazone: structure given in first source; ingredient of Gewodin; methamphetamine is a metabolite of this cpd	2.06	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	3.98	4	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	4.64	8	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	3.78	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	6.8	8	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	4.65	8	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	4.52	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	3.48	2	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.4	7	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.69	3	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	3.6	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level	3.23	1	0	benzodioxoles
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	3.19	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3.87	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	3.59	2	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	3.48	8	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	5.95	4	1	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	3.59	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	8.59	9	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	4.05	2	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	9.94	12	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	12.76	15	4	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	3.5	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	5.76	6	1	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	2.37	2	0	diarylmethane
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	5.78	6	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
flutrimazole flutrimazole : An imidazole antifungal agent that is imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,4'-difluorotrityl group. A topical antifungal agent which displays potent broad-spectrum in vitro activity against dermatophytes, filamentous fungi and yeasts.	2.08	1	0	imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes	EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	3.59	2	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furafylline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	oxopurine
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	8.49	36	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	2.64	3	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	4.26	5	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gaboxadol gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure	2.08	1	0	oxazole
gemfibrozil [no description available]	4.21	5	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.58	9	0
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	3.59	2	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.05	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3.86	3	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.05	1	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	5.16	15	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzenes
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.41	1	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	3.08	5	0
granisetron [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	4.16	5	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	10.18	16	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	3.5	2	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	4.46	7	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.91	4	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.47	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	6.86	21	1	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
haloprogin haloprogin: minor descriptor (73-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYL ETHERS (73-86)	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether
halothane [no description available]	7.08	15	2	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.38	2	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.05	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol [no description available]	2.66	3	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	4.02	15	0	barbiturates
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	4.59	8	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.03	4	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	9.66	5	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	5.05	5	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	3.83	3	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	3.59	2	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	5.03	7	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	4.18	5	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	6.16	10	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
mephentermine Mephentermine: A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA.	1.95	1	0	amphetamines
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	4.05	4	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	13.51	27	3	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	4.86	6	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	3.59	2	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	8.77	36	2	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodamide Iodamide: An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). iodamide : A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position.	2.37	2	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.36	2	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	3.42	7	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopanoic acid Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.	11.14	95	5	monocarboxylic acid
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.7	3	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	3.05	5	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	3.34	7	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
ioversol [no description available]	4.92	2	1	amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	2.67	3	0	benzenedicarboxamide; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	4.66	9	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	4.08	4	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	3.84	12	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	3.76	3	0	benzenes
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	5.67	7	3	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	5.47	12	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.39	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	9.42	123	1	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	4.74	5	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	4.05	4	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	3.87	3	0	piperazines
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.15	1	0
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	9.46	7	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.9	4	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	4.63	8	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	6.13	5	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	3.23	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	9.89	2	1	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.05	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kojic acid [no description available]	2.92	4	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.25	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mimosine Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.	2.42	2	0	alpha-amino acid
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	4.35	3	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	5.59	9	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	3.87	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	3.1	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	3.9	3	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lg 100268 LG 100268: a retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective compound; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	3.23	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomustine [no description available]	4.02	4	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	4.26	5	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	5.81	6	1	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	4.3	3	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	5.14	8	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	4.05	2	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.68	3	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	3.77	3	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.39	2	0	organic molecular entity
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	3.23	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.23	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	4.01	4	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.66	3	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.87	11	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	3.88	3	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.05	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mepenzolate mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	5.17	6	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	4.04	4	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	3.59	2	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	3.99	4	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	4.59	4	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	1.96	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	3.79	3	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	11.6	44	7	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	1.98	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	7.31	13	1	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	2.08	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
metharbital metharbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ENDIEMAL, METHARBITONE, & METHOBARBITONE were see METHARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search METHARBITAL 1976-94; long-acting barbiturate that is demethylated to barbital in the liver; has broad-spectrum anticonvulsant action, but used mainly to treat myoclonic spasms in infants	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	8.08	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	3.87	3	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	2.08	1	0	organochlorine insecticide
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	5.36	4	1	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
nocodazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.39	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	9.6	8	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	8.75	30	6	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	3.53	2	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	13.9	20	6	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	5.91	7	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	8.1	46	1	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	4.05	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	4.2	5	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.43	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	10.75	6	1	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.	3.88	3	0	amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol	alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone [no description available]	4.59	8	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	3.89	3	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	4.35	3	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	11.47	9	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	5.07	5	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.07	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	3.23	6	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	3.59	2	0	monoterpenoid
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	1.96	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	1.97	1	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	4.93	12	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	3.98	4	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	4.7	5	0	purine nucleoside
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	3.59	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetralins
nalidixic acid [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.	2.44	2	0
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	1.96	1	0	naphthalenes
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	4.58	4	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.05	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.64	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.59	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	3.99	4	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	4.22	5	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	1.94	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	5.91	19	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.46	2	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	4.24	5	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	3.87	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nisoxetine nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	8.08	5	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	7.68	11	1	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	3.5	2	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.05	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.59	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	6.4	7	1	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.35	2	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	4.25	5	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	11.7	9	2	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	4.27	5	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	4.33	6	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.59	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	4.53	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.66	3	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	1.96	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.91	4	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.8	3	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.85	3	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	2.37	2	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	9.16	5	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	4.97	7	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.44	2	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	3.83	12	0	phenylalanine derivative
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.07	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
pamidronate [no description available]	11.15	5	2	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	4.27	5	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.8	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	1.95	1	0	monochlorophenol
1,7-dimethylxanthine 1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.	2.04	1	0	dimethylxanthine	central nervous system stimulant; human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	3.06	5	0	aromatic amine
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.02	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.44	2	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	3.59	2	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	6.53	27	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	3.59	2	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	3.23	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	9.76	10	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.47	2	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.34	2	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.	3.1	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amino compound
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	11.25	113	2	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	3.76	3	0	phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	3.45	2	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	6.38	23	0	aromatic amine
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	9.5	4	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	3.93	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	6.86	29	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.36	2	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.66	3	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	6.97	1	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pilsicainide pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.	2.45	2	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	5.3	10	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	4.5	6	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipamperone pipamperone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pipamperone : A member of the class of bipiperidines that is 1,4'-bipiperidine which is substituted at the 1' and 4' positions by 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl and carboxamide groups, respectively. A first generation antipsychotic, its properties are generally similar to those of haloperidol.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone; bipiperidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	4.43	1	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	1.99	1	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.	1.96	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	4.49	24	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	12.83	144	19	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.15	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.86	4	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
pyranoprofen pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	pyridochromene
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	3.84	3	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	5.44	20	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	3.8	3	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	4.85	11	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.35	2	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	7.26	13	1	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	5.3	7	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	5.19	9	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	3.74	3	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	3.82	3	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	4.02	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	3.23	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.65	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	4.71	5	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
pronethalol pronethalol: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-66); NAPHTHYLISOPROTERENOL was see PRONETHALOL 1977-94; use ETHANOLAMINES to search PRONETHALOL 1966-94	1.94	1	0	naphthalenes
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	3.49	2	0	xanthenes
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.08	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	4.89	6	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	16.74	317	22	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	3.1	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
propyliodone Propyliodone: Radiopaque medium usually in oil; used in bronchography.	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	3.78	3	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyridostigmine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.99	4	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	3.81	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134 quazepam: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	benzodiazepine
quetiapine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source. quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.	3.1	1	0	tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	2.38	2	0	piperazines; pyridines
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	3.61	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.36	2	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	3.87	3	0	benzothiazoles
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.23	1	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	6.79	10	2	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	3.23	1	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
ro 15-4513 Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors	2.08	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.38	2	0	methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ropinirole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	1.98	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	3.53	2	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	5.98	8	1	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	3.5	2	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
carbamylhydrazine carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.94	1	0	carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound; ureas
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.43	2	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	3.88	3	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	9.67	9	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	4.2	5	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	4.57	26	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	2.36	2	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
ipodate Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)	10.05	51	8
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	3.52	2	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	6.08	9	1	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.37	2	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
spiroxatrine spiroxatrine: structure	2.06	1	0	imidazolidines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.66	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
imatinib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	4.1	4	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	3.99	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulconazole sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.08	1	0	dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; organic sulfide
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	4.49	7	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	2.34	2	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.68	3	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	3.8	3	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.7	3	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamonomethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine: Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.	2.41	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
sulfanilamide [no description available]	8.05	5	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.91	4	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.38	2	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	4.35	6	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	4.05	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	3.53	2	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.35	2	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	4.1	16	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.9	4	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	3.53	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.46	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
tegafur [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	4.53	4	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	3.59	2	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	3.85	3	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	5.98	8	1	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	4.05	4	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.46	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	10.54	9	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	4.35	6	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	4	4	0	aziridines
thonzylamine thonzylamine: major descriptor (72-84); file-maintained to PYRIMIDINES	3.1	1	0	methoxybenzenes
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	3.53	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	4.11	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	3.58	2	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	3.59	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	3.59	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)	2.63	3	0	pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3.81	3	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	6.95	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	13.45	26	2	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	3.59	2	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	3.88	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tremorine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
triallate Triallate: A pre-emergence, selective herbicide for the control of wild oats in various crops.	1.99	1	0	tertiary amine
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	3.23	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	3.6	2	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	9.49	22	2	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	5.19	9	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.53	2	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	2.42	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.58	2	0	amine
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	3.79	3	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	3.23	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	4.79	10	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	3.23	1	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	3.58	2	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	3.1	1	0	aromatic amine
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	4.08	4	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tyramine [no description available]	5.25	17	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyropanoate Tyropanoate: A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography.	2.65	3	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.4	2	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.09	2	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urethane [no description available]	3.04	5	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	3.59	2	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	3.36	7	0
wb 4101 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	2.47	2	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	3.08	5	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.87	3	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	3.23	1	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	1.96	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	3.83	3	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.13	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.4	2	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	3.59	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.8	3	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	13.62	430	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	12.94	143	6	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	6.46	14	1	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	3.2	6	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	7.89	84	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	4.27	4	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	5.79	30	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	10.27	6	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	4.09	16	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	6.35	53	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.38	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	1.93	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
2-aminophenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	11.27	79	5
3,3',5-triiodothyropropionic acid [no description available]	3.08	5	0	aromatic ether
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	10.78	67	3	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.05	1	0
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	2.36	2	0
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	5.44	12	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	3.67	10	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.4	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	8.15	26	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	11.37	128	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	4.97	7	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
lynestrenol Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.34	2	0	steroid
norethandrolone Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.	3.19	6	0	corticosteroid hormone
cysteine [no description available]	3.55	2	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
tetrahydrocortisol [no description available]	4.46	7	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	13.22	117	6	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
tetrahydrocortisone [no description available]	4.33	6	0	21-hydroxy steroid
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	14.43	55	2	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluprednisolone Fluprednisolone: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.	1.95	1	0	fluorinated steroid
methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.	4.31	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; glucocorticoid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	13.78	14	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
androsterone [no description available]	6.83	21	1	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.	4.16	5	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	11.61	60	8	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.	3.1	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	2.88	4	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.	2.35	2	0	indoles
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	4.18	5	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	1.95	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	6.07	9	1	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	3.35	7	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	31.17	14,467	583	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	3.29	6	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.	1.93	1	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.64	3	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	3.74	3	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3.83	12	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	8.98	44	1	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	4.17	17	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	8.43	8	0	corticosteroid hormone
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	3.46	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	11.76	26	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	5.69	20	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	6.31	21	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	9.66	29	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	5.1	46	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
vincristine [no description available]	3.87	3	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	4.97	7	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	1.96	1	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	4.57	26	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	13.43	45	1	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.65	3	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	3.89	13	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	8.04	5	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	9.58	10	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	4.78	10	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	3.56	9	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	5.49	22	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.59	2	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	11.08	40	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.38	2	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	3.09	5	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	4.43	23	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	7.46	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	4.2	5	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	6.67	17	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	3.83	12	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperoxan Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.	1.96	1	0
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.37	21	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	6.89	38	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	6.2	46	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-aminoazobenzene p-Aminoazobenzene: Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.. 4-(phenylazo)aniline : Azobenzene substituted at one of the 4-positions by an amino group. It has a role as a dye and an allergen.	1.93	1	0
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	3.2	6	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	12.54	318	3	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	5.74	6	1	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.64	3	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
mepazine mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	3.47	8	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	5.82	18	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.34	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	3.48	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	9.93	12	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	3.04	5	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	9.91	116	2	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.	2.06	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid	cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	1.97	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	3.1	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	3.86	3	0	calcium salt	chelator
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	2.67	3	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	8.09	29	3	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	3.09	5	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.36	2	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.36	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	8.93	13	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	7.77	60	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	3.11	5	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	8.55	51	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	8.87	72	1	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	11.15	25	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mebanazine mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0	benzenes
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	3.79	3	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	5.66	80	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	3.85	12	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	2.65	3	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.94	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.38	2	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	6.09	17	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	5.26	10	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	3.23	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	9.19	5	0	aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	8.53	16	5	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	2.34	2	0	isoindoles
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	4.99	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	4.5	7	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	5.58	5	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	2.68	3	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	8.56	9	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.1	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	4.18	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available]	1.93	1	0	acetophenones
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	4.44	23	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	10.87	7	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	3.26	6	0	organic sodium salt	dye
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	6.75	19	1	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	9.91	14	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	5.41	15	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
alizarin [no description available]	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	4.15	5	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)	4.26	4	1	organic molecular entity
cordycepin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	9.56	62	2	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	3.46	8	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	6.86	52	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
acetylene [no description available]	6.93	1	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	2.37	2	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	3.47	2	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	1.95	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
ethylamine ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	1.96	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	human metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	7.35	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	3.05	5	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.	2.67	3	0	chloroethenes	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen
iodoform [no description available]	2.44	2	0	iodomethanes
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.4	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
trimethylchlorosilane trimethylsilyl chloride: structure in first source. chlorotrimethylsilane : A silyl chloride consisting of a central silicon atom covalently bound to one chloro and three methyl groups. Chlorotrimethylsilane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	6.99	1	0	silyl chloride	chromatographic reagent
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	1.96	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.15	17	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	1.96	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	3.23	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid: an endocrine disruptor. hexadecafluorononanoic acid : Any derivative of nonanoic acid carrying sixteen fluoro substituents.	2.1	1	0	hexadecafluorononanoic acid
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	4.16	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	3.23	6	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
methsuximide methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	4.15	5	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
triethyl phosphate triethyl phosphate: structure. triethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid.	2.1	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.	4.65	5	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate: inhibitor of drug-protein binding; present in stoppers of blood sample 'vacutainers'. tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.	2.52	2	0	trialkyl phosphate	environmental contaminant; flame retardant
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	3.1	1	0	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	1.95	1	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2.46	2	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.63	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
dimethisterone Dimethisterone: A synthetic progestational hormone without significant estrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in SEQUENTIAL ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS	2.34	2	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	3.32	7	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	3.6	8	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
tetrachlorodian tetrachlorodian: used in the manufacture of synthetic resins	2.43	2	0	bisphenol
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	7.92	33	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source. 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.	3.28	5	0	bisphenol; sulfone	endocrine disruptor; metabolite
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.65	3	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	4.19	17	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. quinizarin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone having the two hydroxy substituents at the 1- and 4-positions; formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxy groups	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	dye
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	3.1	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
skatole [no description available]	1.99	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	11.07	38	5	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	8.89	13	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. anthraflavic acid : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene substituted by hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-7 and oxo groups at C-9 and C-10.	3.53	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	antimutagen; plant metabolite
dicyclohexyl phthalate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	diester; phthalate ester
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	3.1	1	0	anthraquinone
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	7.7	3	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
di-n-hexyl phthalate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	2-hydroxyisophthalic acid
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
propoxycaine Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)	1.95	1	0	benzoate ester
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	3.48	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	3.8	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	2.15	1	0	penicillanic acids
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	5.15	3	1
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	4.4	22	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-isopropylphenol 2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source. 2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2.	1.95	1	0	phenols
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	1.95	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	3.74	3	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	3.82	3	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-aminodiphenyl aminobiphenyl : Any member of the class of biphenyls in which the biphenyl skeleton is substituted by at least one amino group.	3.1	1	0
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	3.47	2	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diethylpropion Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.	4.6	3	0	aromatic ketone; tertiary amine	appetite depressant
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	1.96	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	3.1	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.05	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	3.46	2	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	1.96	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	1.94	1	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.37	2	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
4-biphenylamine 4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	aminobiphenyl	carcinogenic agent
4-phenylphenol 4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.	3.51	2	0	hydroxybiphenyls
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.4	2	0	xanthene
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	3.1	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	carcinogenic agent
4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl biphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl with hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4'.	3.51	2	0	hydroxybiphenyls
synephrine [no description available]	2.65	3	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	4.95	12	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
butylparaben [no description available]	2.52	2	0	organic molecular entity
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
o-aminoazotoluene o-Aminoazotoluene: An azo dye with carcinogenic properties.	2.03	1	0
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	phenols	allergen
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	5.89	24	1	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	3.81	3	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-isopropylphenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	phenols	flavouring agent
4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.	3.5	2	0	monohydroxyacetophenone	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.04	1	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
phenylmercuric chloride [no description available]	6.93	1	0
methylaniline methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions.	2.13	1	0	methylaniline; phenylalkylamine; secondary amine
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.64	3	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
triclocarban triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.	4.87	2	1	dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	4.63	6	1	pyridinium salt
4-benzylphenol 4-benzylphenol: metabolite of diphenylmethane; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0
n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	diarylmethane
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	1.96	1	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	3.23	1	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
2-ethylhexanol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	primary alcohol	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-methyl anisole [no description available]	2.11	1	0	methoxybenzenes
acrolein [no description available]	1.96	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	4.4	2	2	alkylamine
methyl isobutyl ketone [no description available]	1.96	1	0	ketone
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	1.95	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
3,5-xylenol 3,5-xylenol: RN given refers to 3,5-isomer. 3,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5.	1.95	1	0	phenols	xenobiotic metabolite
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	1.93	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	2.02	1	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	4.34	19	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
piperidine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	4.28	4	1	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83	2.88	4	0	steroid ester
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.23	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.45	2	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	4.17	5	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
2,2,2-trichloroethanol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	chloroethanol	mouse metabolite
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.4	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
bromphenol blue Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.	1.95	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
triphenyl phosphate triphenyl phosphate: structure. triphenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.	2.41	1	0	aryl phosphate	flame retardant; plasticiser
tris(chloroethyl)phosphate tris(chloroethyl)phosphate: has gonadotoxic effects. tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.	2.76	2	0	organochlorine compound; trialkyl phosphate
anthrarufin 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: used in ferric ion sensing as an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin; structure in first source. anthrarufin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 5.	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	10.41	18	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
homosalate homosalate: cpd not photoallergenic	2.15	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	4.25	18	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
2-toluic acid 2-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. o-toluic acid : A methylbenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	3.1	1	0	methylbenzoic acid	xenobiotic metabolite
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	8.55	13	2	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	6.93	1	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure	3.53	2	0	ethyl ester; paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole : An aromatic ether that is 4-methoxyphenol in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.05	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	2.88	4	0	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.47	2	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone [no description available]	2.02	1	0
monobutyl phthalate monobutyl phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.48	2	0	phthalic acid monoester
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	3.59	2	0	quinolines
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	1.94	1	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
3,5-diiodosalicylic acid 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	6.94	1	0
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	3.78	3	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	4.03	4	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
2-ethylhexanoic acid 2-ethylhexanoic acid: structure in first source; wood preservative; 2-ethylhexanoic acid is active ingredient in Sinesto B	1.99	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid
2-aminothiophenol 2-aminothiophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-aminothiophenol : An aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group.	1.97	1	0	aryl thiol; substituted aniline	plant metabolite
dextrothyroxine Dextrothyroxine: The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE.. D-thyroxine : The D-enantiomer of thyroxine.	7.2	95	1	D-tyrosine derivative; thyroxine
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	4.02	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzododecinium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N-benzyl-N-methyldodecan-1-amine.	1.95	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.02	1	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	1.96	1	0	alkyl sulfate
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	3.1	1	0	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
n-butyl acrylate butyl acrylate : An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.	2.08	1	0	acrylate ester
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	3.1	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	2.35	2	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone [no description available]	5.7	16	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.48	8	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	1.97	1	0	D-aldohexose derivative
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	3.23	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	3.78	3	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.53	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	8.37	7	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	3.23	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.05	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone [no description available]	3.98	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
fluocortolone Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.	2.05	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
D-tryptophan [no description available]	2	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	bacterial metabolite
hydroxytryptophol Hydroxytryptophol: 5-Hydroxy-indole-3-ethanol.	1.95	1	0	indoles
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	4.41	6	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	2.63	3	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
phenetidine Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	drug metabolite
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	4.46	7	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	6.94	1	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	2.73	3	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.22	6	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.08	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	4.85	11	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	6.65	17	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazole
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	1.98	1	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.68	3	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.34	2	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	1.95	1	0	organic cation
calcium gluconate [no description available]	4.01	4	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	10.51	13	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.	2.37	2	0
ronnel ronnel: FENCHLORPHOS was heading 1972-95 (Prov 1972-73); RONNEL was see FENCHLORPHOS 1975-95; use FENCHLORPHOS (NM) to search FENCHLORPHOS 1972-95	2.88	4	0	organic thiophosphate
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	12.88	449	3	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methoxytyrosine 3-O-methyldopa : A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.	2	1	0	aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monomethoxybenzene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	3.46	8	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	6.79	18	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	3.66	10	0	corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	3.35	1	1	nitrile
hydralazine hydrochloride hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.06	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	6.92	1	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
perfluorooctane perfluorooctane: used in the treatment of giant retinal tears with proliferative vitreoretinopathy	2.05	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
dexamethasone 21-phosphate dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.63	3	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	3.62	2	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	4.69	9	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	3.59	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	1.94	1	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	5.36	12	1	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
perfluorodecanoic acid perfluorodecanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated decanoic acid.	2.92	4	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	3.04	5	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
perfluorobutane perfluorobutane: component of the echo contrast agent, BR14, which consists of perfluorobutane gas microbubbles. perflubutane : A fluorocarbon that is butane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. Microbubbles of preflubutane are used in the ultrasound contrast agent BR14.	7.25	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon; gas molecular entity	ultrasound contrast agent
perflexane perfluorohexane : A fluoroalkane that is hexane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	2.66	2	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; radioopaque medium
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.8	3	0	steroid ester
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	3.2	6	0	ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	2.35	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	14.67	36	5	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
4-hydroxyphenobarbital [no description available]	3.1	1	0	barbiturates
prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)	2.37	2	0	diarylmethane
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.	2.06	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	4.46	5	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	4.17	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	3.34	7	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0	alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfur-containing amino acid; thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antidote; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	1.96	1	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	8.44	8	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)	3.04	1	0	amphetamines
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.48	2	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine [no description available]	3.41	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; homocystines	human metabolite
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	3.03	1	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	3.79	3	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	1.96	1	0	piperidines
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	6	20	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
thiazosulfone thiazosulfone: structure	2.33	2	0	sulfonamide
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	5.56	7	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.96	4	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
epitestosterone Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.	3.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen antagonist; human metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	1.96	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	2.67	3	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.35	2	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
cytisine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
adenosine phosphosulfate Adenosine Phosphosulfate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. 5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate having a sulfo group attached to one the phosphate OH groups.	1.96	1	0	acyl monophosphate; acyl sulfate; adenosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	3.24	6	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.	1.96	1	0	tertiary amine; tryptamine alkaloid	coral metabolite; hallucinogen
fructose-1,6-diphosphate beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	1.96	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate	mouse metabolite
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.41	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.38	2	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	3.1	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	1.94	1	0	quinone imine	dye
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.23	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.66	3	0
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.9	4	0	thiazolidine
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	3.57	9	0
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	3.98	4	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
echothiophate iodide Echothiophate Iodide: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.. ecothiopate iodide : The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.	1.99	1	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antiglaucoma drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
periplogenin periplogenin: structure	2.06	1	0
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.91	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.05	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.48	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	7.31	14	1	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	3.51	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	15.41	58	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	9.46	7	0
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	1.96	1	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.64	3	0	organic molecular entity
trimellitic acid trimellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimellitic acid : Benzene substituted at the 1,2, and 4 positions by carboxy groups.	1.96	1	0	tricarboxylic acid
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol: structure in first source	3.1	1	0
tropic acid tropic acid: acid moiety of ester alkaloids hyoscyamine & scopolamine; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tropic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a phenyl group, and one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.1	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
6-methoxybenzoxazolinone 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone: plant derivative which stimulates reproduction in Microtus montanus. 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone : A 2-benzoxazolinone that is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoxazole	antibacterial agent; anticonvulsant; antifungal agent; muscle relaxant; plant metabolite
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.38	2	0	thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	2.63	3	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	2.66	3	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	4.99	7	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
4-iodophenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	iodophenol
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.	1.93	1	0
tert-butyl acetate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.	3.23	1	0	carnitine	antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role)
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	13.64	58	3	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.1	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	2	1	0	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
sulfanilylurea sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure	3.23	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.45	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.91	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.05	1	0
nicotinic acid hydrazide nicotinic acid hydrazide: structural homolog of isoniazid; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	15.14	30	3	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	1.95	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
tripalmitin tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	6.93	1	0	triglyceride
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.	3.1	1	0	terpineol; tertiary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
lactulose [no description available]	3.59	2	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
2,6-xylenol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	hydroxytoluene
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	1.97	1	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	3.1	1	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
6-hydroxyquinoline quinolin-6-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.	3.1	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline
3-hydroxybiphenyl 3-hydroxybiphenyl: structure given in first source. biphenyl-3-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is phenol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group.	3.1	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls
nitrosobenzene [no description available]	1.98	1	0	benzenes; nitroso compound	xenobiotic metabolite
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	3.1	1	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	6.96	1	0
methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.	1.96	1	0	ketone
butylurea butylurea: CNS depressant	1.93	1	0
dimethyl mercury [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methylmercury compound
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	3.1	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
dansyl chloride dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	1.99	1	0	aminonaphthalene; sulfonic acid derivative
pamabrom [no description available]	3.23	1	0
pentabromophenol [no description available]	2	1	0
2,4,6-triiodophenol [no description available]	2.9	4	0
phenylglyoxylic acid phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.04	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
4-methoxy-3-phenylenediamine 4-methoxy-3-phenylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0	methoxybenzenes
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	10.84	11	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
4,4'-bisphenol f 4,4'-bisphenol F: RN given refers to parent cpd. bisphenol F : A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.03	4	0	bisphenol; diarylmethane	environmental food contaminant; xenoestrogen
clopenthixol Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	2.03	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; primary alcohol; thioxanthenes	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	4.49	7	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
4-propylphenol 4-propylphenol: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	alkylbenzene
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	15.6	47	6	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
chromonar Chromonar: A coronary vasodilator agent.	1.96	1	0	coumarins
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	4.98	9	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
2-methylimidazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0
methoxytryptophol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	indoles
sulfamoxole Sulfamoxole: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamoxole : A sulfonamide antibiotic in which 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-amine have combined to form the sulfonamide bond.	1.96	1	0	oxazole; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antimicrobial agent; drug allergen
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.45	2	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	5.4	4	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dimethyl phosphate dimethyl phosphate: excreted in urine after exposure to mevinphos; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.15	1	0	dialkyl phosphate
calcium citrate Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	3.56	2	0	organic calcium salt	flavouring agent; food additive; food preservative; nutraceutical
4-methylimidazole 4-methylimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylimidazole : Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	imidazoles	carcinogenic agent; reaction intermediate
vinblastine [no description available]	2.75	3	0
diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.	3.23	1	0	ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine	antidiarrhoeal drug
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	3.1	1	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
n-methylolacrylamide N-methylolacrylamide: bifunctional monomer possessing both vinyl & hydroxymethyl groups; used in adhesives, binders, surface coatings & resins; toxicity equals that of acrylamide	2.08	1	0	secondary carboxamide
1-methylpyridinium 1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	methylpyridines
deoxyuridine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
ethylestrenol Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.	4.91	12	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	3.75	3	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-ethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7 trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1-oxide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
pyrrolnitrin Pyrrolnitrin: 3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.. pyrrolnitrin : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	3.1	1	0	alkaloid; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	antifungal drug; bacterial metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	3.61	2	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid 4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid: phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.01	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure	1.96	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	3.81	10	0	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
dehydroepiandrosterone acetate 3beta-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17-one: structure in first source	2	1	0	steroid ester
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.51	2	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.74	11	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.9	2	0	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	1.94	1	0	thorium molecular entity
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	2.25	1	0	sulfide salt
4-chloro-2-cresol 4-chloro-2-cresol: metabolite of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid & other phenoxyacetic acid herbicides; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-2-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is o-cresol in which the hydrogen para to the hydroxy group is replaced by a chlorine.	1.95	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	7.44	2	0
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.27	5	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.07	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	9.93	69	5	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	3.84	2	1
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	4.05	15	0	aliphatic nitrile
selenomethionine [no description available]	10.94	15	6	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
selenocystine selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0	diselenide; selenoamino acid
ibufenac ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone
fenchol fenchol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	3.1	1	0
4-n-Butylphenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	phenols
metaxalone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	7.38	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyazobenzene 4-hydroxyazobenzene: structure in first source	3.1	1	0
ioxynil ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.44	2	0	iodophenol; nitrile	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	3.23	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	1.97	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
pentachloroanisole [no description available]	2.11	1	0
nitrofen nitrofen: structure	2.67	3	0	organic molecular entity	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	1.96	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
4-nitrothiophenolate 4-nitrothiophenolate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.	3.1	1	0	androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
2-hydroxyethyl disulfide 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide: reversible inactivator of aldehyde dehydrogenase	1.97	1	0	organic disulfide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	1.94	1	0	tertiary amine
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.06	1	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.48	7	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	10.47	12	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
4-chlorobiphenyl 4-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.1	1	0	monochlorobiphenyl
clothiapine clothiapine: was heading 1975-94 (was see under DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES 1975-90); CLOTIAPINE was see CLOTHIAPINE 1978-94; use DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES to search CLOTHIAPINE 1975-94; antipsychotic similar to clozapine	2.15	1	0	dibenzothiazepine
n-methylisatin N-methylisatin: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	4.68	9	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.	1.97	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.08	1	0
menthol (+-)-menthol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-menthol. Both (+-)- and (-)-menthol are used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis. When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, giving a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect that relieves itching. It is therefore used in creams and ointments for the relief of pruritis and urticaria.. (-)-menthol : A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.	3.1	1	0	p-menthan-3-ol	antipruritic drug; antispasmodic drug; antitussive
phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.	2.07	1	0	isothiocyanate	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.25	6	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone; hemisuccinate
mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.	2.67	3	0	chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide	persistent organic pollutant
dexbrompheniramine dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	brompheniramine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
flupenthixol Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	2.39	2	0	thioxanthenes
2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure. 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.	2.41	2	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.88	4	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
c.i. solvent yellow 56 C.I. Solvent Yellow 56: not a carcinogen. Solvent yellow 56 : An azobenzene that is N,N-diethylaniline substituted at position 4 by a phenylazo group.	1.93	1	0	azobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	dye; mutagen
phenthoate, (+-)-isomer phenthoate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. phenthoate : An organic thiophosphate that is ethyl mandelate in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	1.97	1	0	ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	1.99	1	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ioglycamic acid Ioglycamic Acid: A radiopaque medium. It is a mixture of its meglumine and sodium salts and is used to visualize the biliary tract.	2.65	3	0	amidobenzoic acid
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
amphenone b amphenone B: was MH 1975-92 (see under BUTANONES 1975-90); use BUTANONES to search AMPHENONE B 1975-92	6.92	1	0	diarylmethane
thiocholchicine thiocholchicine: RN refers to (S)-isomer	1.93	1	0
tetramethylthiourea [no description available]	2.66	3	0	thioureas
hydroxyphenytoin hydroxyphenytoin: main metabolite of diphenylhydantoin; reduces Na(+) inhibition at high Na:K ratios; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 4-hydroxyphenytoin : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing phenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at position 5.	3.53	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; phenols	metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	4.58	4	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	3.23	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
hydroxyhexamide [no description available]	1.97	1	0	sulfonamide
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	primary alcohol
1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane: a flame retardant and androgen receptor agonist; structure in first source	7.83	3	0
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.69	3	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dithianone dithianone: structure. dithianon : A naphthodithiin that is 5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dithiin which is substituted by nitrile groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a broad spectrum fungicide used to control scab, downy mildew, rust, and leaf spot in the commercial growing of grapes and other fruit, citrus, coffee, and vegetables.	1.96	1	0	dinitrile; naphthodithiin; p-quinones	antifungal agrochemical
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	3.41	1	1	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	3.07	5	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
5-methoxyindoleacetic acid 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid: serotonin metabolite. 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids in which the hydrogen at position 5 of indole-3-acetic acid has been replaced by a methoxy group.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids	antibacterial agent; Brassica napus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; human urinary metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; rat metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	6.76	96	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	3.98	4	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	1.97	1	0
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	6.92	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.96	1	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
ethylenebis(isothiocyanate) ethylenebis(isothiocyanate): decomposition product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)	1.95	1	0
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	3.21	6	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
3-phenoxybenzoic acid 3-phenoxybenzoic acid: metabolite associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid : A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.	2.52	2	0	phenoxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
nafenopin Nafenopin: A peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.. nafenopin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nafenopin. It is a peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an hypolipidemic agent.. 2-methyl-2-[4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenoxy]propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid in which ther tertiary hydroxy group has been converted into the corresponding p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl ether.	3.74	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid
streptomycin [no description available]	5.94	8	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	5.15	6	2	carbon oxoanion
isobutylparaben isobutylparaben: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	4-hydroxybenzoate ester
cladribine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
monomethyl phthalate monomethyl phthalate: structure in first source	2.48	2	0	methyl ester; phthalic acid monoester
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd. mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : The mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	4.77	5	0	phthalic acid monoester
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	3.4	7	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	3.23	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
1-naphthalenemethanol 1-naphthalenemethanol: structure given in first source. (1-naphthyl)methanol : A naphthylmethanol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a naphthalen-1-yl group.	3.1	1	0	naphthylmethanol	mouse metabolite
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
metanephrine Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.	2.4	2	0	catecholamine
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
dexpropranolol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	propranolol
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.47	2	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	acridines
octylmethoxycinnamate octylmethoxycinnamate: a sunscreen used for prevention of DNA photodamage	2.99	4	0	cinnamate ester
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.43	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorpyrifos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.45	2	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
benzetimide [no description available]	1.96	1	0	piperidines
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	2.46	2	0	dioxolane
acetylpyruvic acid acetylpyruvic acid: structure. acetylpyruvic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid carrying two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4.	1.96	1	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
methenamine hippurate methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine
3,3',5'-triiodothyronine [no description available]	3.09	5	0	iodothyronine	human metabolite
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	3.23	1	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
chlorphenamidine Chlorphenamidine: An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor.	1.97	1	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.68	3	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	1.98	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-one : A pyridone that is pyridin-2(1H)-one substituted by chloro groups at positions 3, 5 and 6. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical chlorpyrifos.. 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol : A hydroxypyridine that is pyridin-2-ol substituted by chloro groups at positions 3,5 and 6. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical chlorpyrifos.	2.76	3	0	chloropyridine; hydroxypyridine; pyridone	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
ormetoprim ormetoprim: proposed chemotherapeutic agent; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PYRIMIDINES (75-84)	1.97	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.17	1	0
trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.	1.93	1	0	sulfonium compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent
lanthanum [no description available]	8.79	2	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.15	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	5.99	27	1	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	5.81	30	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	8.21	6	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	2	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	1.95	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	1.94	1	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	7.25	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.99	4	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.01	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	8.75	11	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	10.9	72	3	manganese group element atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	1.93	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.74	3	0	titanium group element atom
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	1.98	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	4.8	32	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	3.81	12	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	8.48	8	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	8.25	6	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.72	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.63	9	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	1.95	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	2.31	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	2.66	3	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	1.95	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	1.96	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	6.93	1	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	9.66	5	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	3.59	9	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	1.95	1	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	1.95	1	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	1.93	1	0	sodium phosphate
perchloric acid [no description available]	3.73	11	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2.44	2	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.08	1	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
iodic acid iodic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1	0	iodine oxoacid	astringent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	3	4	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	4.48	5	1	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	3.96	14	0	diatomic bromine
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.06	1	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	10.32	7	2	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	2.02	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	7.37	2	0	inorganic sodium salt
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.37	2	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	1.96	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.39	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
metoprine metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist	1.96	1	0
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.36	2	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.23	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	1.96	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	3.1	5	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	8.25	6	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	3.33	7	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	5.06	14	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
silver chloride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	inorganic chloride; silver salt
nickel sulfate nickel sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni(2+)-H2SO4. nickel sulfate : A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion.	1.99	1	0	metal sulfate	allergen
calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).	2	1	0	calcium phosphate
chlorosulfonic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0
ammonium perchlorate [no description available]	3.83	11	0
thallium chloride thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.01	1	0	inorganic chloride; thallium molecular entity
butylated hydroxyanisole [no description available]	3.1	1	0
sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	sulfur oxide
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	4.3	6	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	4.15	5	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	3.25	6	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
hydroiodic acid hydrogen iodide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and iodine atoms.	3.05	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	7.38	2	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	2.37	2	0	chlorine dioxide
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	1.99	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	8.06	9	2	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	3.51	8	0	cadmium coordination entity
cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-H2SO4	1.96	1	0	cadmium salt
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.38	2	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.91	13	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	4.27	4	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.71	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.01	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
coformycin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	coformycins	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	3.07	5	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	3.33	7	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.15	1	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	1.98	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
dechlorane plus dechlorane plus: a flame retardant; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate [no description available]	2.51	2	0	trialkyl phosphate
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	1.97	1	0
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.	1.97	1	0
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	4.02	4	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
4-n-Pentylphenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	phenols
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	3.58	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.4	2	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	3.85	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	1.94	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	2.37	2	0
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.05	1	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
ferric nitrilotriacetate ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading)	2.02	1	0	iron chelate	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	4.12	16	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.38	2	0
2,3-dihydroxypyridine 2,3-dihydroxypyridine: affects thyroid function. pyridine-2,3-diol : A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.	2.37	2	0	dihydroxypyridine
fluorides [no description available]	4.63	28	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	4.94	12	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
stilbene oxide stilbene oxide: inducer of epoxide hydratase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0	epoxide
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	1.96	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.23	1	0
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	2.05	1	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane [no description available]	3.23	1	0
taurolidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	thiadiazinane
iodine [no description available]	17.21	655	16	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	4.84	6	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
metribuzin metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.	8.54	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
padimate-o padimate-O: active ingredient in sunscreen products	2.15	1	0	benzoate ester
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.	1.96	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine
lofexidine lofexidine: reduces narcotic withdrawal symptoms; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6247	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; dichlorobenzene; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	3.23	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	2	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
luteoskyrin luteoskyrin: mycotoxin from Penicillium islandicum; pollutant of stored rice; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search NAPHTHOQUINONES (75-85); RN given refers to (1S,1'S,2R,2'R,3S,3'S,9aR,9'aR)-isomer	1.94	1	0
alclofenac alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
5-(2-cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-5-ethylbarbiturate 5-(2-cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-5-ethylbarbiturate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	15.84	213	19	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	8.74	61	1	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
n,n-dimethyl-n-octadecylbenzylammonium N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecylbenzylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	9.28	110	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
n-phenylethanolamine [no description available]	3.1	1	0	aralkylamine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	5.38	5	3	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.	3.1	1	0	phenols	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	1.93	1	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	5.58	24	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	indoles
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.34	2	0	trialkyl phosphate
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	6.87	28	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.35	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.51	2	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	3.1	1	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.13	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.49	2	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	2.41	2	0
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	3.24	6	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	3.48	8	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	12.9	34	2
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.	3.07	5	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid
alkenes [no description available]	5.01	5	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.11	1	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	4.33	20	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	3.23	1	0	chlorphenamine
clometacin clometacin: structure	3.23	1	0	N-acylindole
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	6.98	1	0
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.83	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.38	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	3.96	14	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2.66	3	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
halofenate Halofenate: An antihyperlipoproteinemic agent and uricosuric agent.	10.68	6	1
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.25	3	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	5.86	7	1	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	1.96	1	0	tryptamines
penfluridol Penfluridol: One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS.	1.96	1	0	diarylmethane
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	1.96	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	2.38	2	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	6.14	9	1	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.23	1	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
ioxitalamic acid ioxitalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; Telebrix 38 contains both sodium ioxitalamate & meglumine ioxitalamate; structure. iooxitalamic acid : An organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.	1.96	1	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	5.12	3	1	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
be 2254 BE 2254: produces blockade of central receptors for norepinephrine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.38	2	0	tetralins
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	3.59	2	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	5.03	7	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pcb 118 [no description available]	2.96	4	0	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	3.59	2	0	pyrroline
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.	3.86	12	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
pcb 74 [no description available]	2.17	1	0
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.66	3	0	hexachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
procymidone procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.	2.02	1	0
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.05	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	4.57	7	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
kc 400 KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.	2.67	3	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
etoposide [no description available]	4.4	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	9.05	15	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	12.36	7	2	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	3.92	12	0	hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.1	1	0	polychlorobiphenyl
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.58	2	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin: contaminant of pentachlorophenol	1.99	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
4-methylhistamine 4-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.	1.96	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	histamine agonist; metabolite
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	3.23	1	0	ethanolamines
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	4.67	8	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	3.86	3	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.94	4	0
thiocholine Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.	1.95	1	0
2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.42	2	0
2,3,3',4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.99	1	0
cb 149 2,2',3,4',5',6-hexachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	2	1	0
2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl: structure given in first source	2	1	0
aroclor 1016 [no description available]	7	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	3.23	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
2,3,4,5,3',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl 2,3,4,5,3',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl: induces cytochromes P-448 & P-450; RN given refers to cpd with locants for chlorine moieties	2.05	1	0	heptachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene; trichlorobenzene
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	7.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	4.77	10	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	7.01	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
bezafibrate [no description available]	8.29	6	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	5.88	9	3
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	6.76	10	2	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.07	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2.03	1	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin: structure given in first source. 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine : An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8.	2.04	1	0	dibenzodioxine; organobromine compound
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; androstane; quaternary ammonium ion	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	2.04	1	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).	2.41	1	0	1,2-thiazoles	antifouling biocide; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.91	12	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source	3.1	1	0	ibuprofen	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	4.35	3	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
hexazinone hexazinone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	1,3,5-triazines
tiamenidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organochlorine compound
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.49	2	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
exifone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzophenones
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	4.61	26	0
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.61	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.05	1	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.23	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
diisopropanolnitrosamine diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.	4.19	17	0	diol; nitrosamine; secondary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.9	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	3.23	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.78	3	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
acarbose [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	3.23	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	5.23	3	1	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
closantel closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organoiodine compound; phenols
dinaline dinaline: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	2.67	3	0
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	3.23	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
dihydroalprenolol Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.	4.16	17	0
2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether: structure given in first source; RN from Toxlit	1.99	1	0
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	6.85	25	3	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.89	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	4.65	8	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	4.73	9	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	3.54	2	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
arsenobetaine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic salt
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.05	1	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.23	1	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	4.55	25	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.87	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
cianopramine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.	2.9	4	0	oligopeptide
fialuridine [no description available]	3.23	1	0
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
bucindolol bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative	2.04	1	0
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	9.07	32	3	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	2.37	2	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	3.59	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	3.59	2	0
2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pentachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	9.71	9	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	8.64	16	2	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	2.4	2	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	3.23	1	0
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	4.77	9	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	12.2	16	1	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	3.6	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.59	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	3.23	1	0	imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	5.57	6	3	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	4.36	6	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
temelastine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	pyrimidone
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2.48	2	0	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	3.6	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	3.86	3	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
carmoxirole carmoxirole : An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.	2.1	1	0	indolecarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; tetrahydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
fadrozole Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.	2.01	1	0	imidazopyridine
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	3.23	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
aromasil [no description available]	3.58	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine besylate amlodipine benzenesulfonate : The benzenesulfonate salt of amlodipine.	2.06	1	0	organosulfonate salt	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	3.9	3	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	3.59	2	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	4.36	3	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	3.6	2	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	3.59	2	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.23	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	3.23	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	3.23	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	9.79	9	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	3.84	3	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	2.11	1	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
duloxetine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	3.87	3	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	4.42	6	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.52	2	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.04	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	3.23	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	2.91	4	0	organoiodine compound
darglitazone [no description available]	2.01	1	0
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	3.6	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mifobate mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties	1.97	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	biphenyls
tiludronic acid tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	organochlorine compound
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	3.23	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	11.23	19	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
octyl gallate [no description available]	3.1	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	poison
d-lactic acid (R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.	2	1	0	2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
gallium nitrate gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.36	2	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
carfentanil carfentanil : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid.	1.96	1	0	methyl ester; piperidines; tertiary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; tranquilizing drug
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	1.97	1	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
isothiocyanic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound
colestipol Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.	5.37	4	1
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	4.32	5	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	5.57	5	1	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	3.23	1	0
cefprozil [no description available]	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	3.53	2	0	stilbenoid
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.	3.65	9	0	pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.08	4	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	5.78	6	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.67	10	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination: combination of trimethoprim & sulfadiazine	1.98	1	0
sulfamoxole, trimethoprim drug combination sulfamoxole, trimethoprim drug combination: usually a mixture of 5 parts of sulfamoxole and 1 part of trimethoprim	1.96	1	0
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.46	2	0	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
meglumine antimoniate Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.	2.08	1	0
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.05	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	5.06	10	1	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	3.23	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	3.87	3	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	3.23	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	7.46	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.17	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
25-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2	1	0	25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	3.04	5	0	iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
proadifen hydrochloride [no description available]	2.06	1	0
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	8.7	10	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
secoisolariciresinol secoisolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((R-(R,R))-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; precursor of lignans found in human urine; structure given in first source. secoisolariciresinol : A lignan that is butane-1,4-diol in which the 2 and 3 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups. (-)-secoisolariciresinol : An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	secoisolariciresinol	antidepressant; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
fenclofenac fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd	10.85	13	2	aromatic ether
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	2.03	1	0	purine nucleoside
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	1.96	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
histamine phosphate histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.	3.23	1	0	phosphate salt	histamine agonist
7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone: RN given refers to (3beta,7alpha)-isomer. 7alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7alpha-position.	2.43	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; estrogen; human xenobiotic metabolite; rat metabolite
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	3.73	2	1	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
16-hydroxytestosterone 16-hydroxytestosterone: RN given refers to (16alpha,17beta)-isomer. 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone : A C19-steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at the 16alpha position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.1	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid; diol; secondary alcohol	androgen
tetraiodothyroacetic acid tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'.	9.12	115	0	2-halophenol; aromatic ether; iodophenol; monocarboxylic acid	apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; thyroid hormone
tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol: (3alpha,5beta)-isomer has angiostatic activity	1.96	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
prenylamine lactate prenylamine lactate: prenylamine compounded with lactic acid; not a salt	1.97	1	0
tilbroquinol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organohalogen compound; quinolines
bendamustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	3.23	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
etiroxate etiroxate: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	6.23	10	4	aromatic ether
trofosfamide trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure	2.03	1	0	ifosfamides
iomeglamic acid iomeglamic acid: structure	1.96	1	0	anilide
lathosterol lathosterol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	4.45	1	1	3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid; Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
flutonidine flutonidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
bumecain bumecain: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0
tobanum tobanum: tobanum is for (+-)-isomer, HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0	dichlorobenzene
ebrotidine ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
sesamodil sesamodil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to fumarate	2	1	0
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	3.87	3	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
methacycline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
boron nitride [no description available]	2.08	1	0	nitride
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.05	1	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
trenbolone acetate Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.	8.77	2	1	steroid ester
cetiedil cetiedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0	azepanes
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	4.54	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hexaconazole 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the hydrogens at position 2 of the hexyl chain are replaced by hydroxy and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups.. hexaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.	2.08	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	chelator
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.11	1	0
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone [no description available]	2.38	2	0	chlorohydroquinones; tetrachlorobenzene
chloranilic acid chloranilic acid: structure	2.05	1	0
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	3.05	5	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	5.56	23	0	1,2,3-triazole
perfluorohexanoic acid perfluorohexanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated hexanoic acid.	2.07	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
guanidinopropionic acid guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels	1.97	1	0	guanidines; zwitterion	hypoglycemic agent
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid perfluorohexanesulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is hexane-1-sulfonic acid in which all thirteen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons have been replaced by fluorines.	3.37	6	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
perfluorobutane sulfonate perfluorobutanesulfonic acid: a surfactant; structure in first source. perfluorobutanesulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is butane-1-sulfonic acid in which all of the hydrogens of the butyl group have been replaced by fluorines.	2.59	2	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	surfactant
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid perfluorononanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is nonanoic acid in which all of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain are replaced by fluorines.	2.15	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	persistent organic pollutant; surfactant; xenobiotic
spiramide spiramide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. spiramide : An azaspiro compound that consists of 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one having a phenyl group attached to N-1 and a 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl attached to N-8. Selective 5-HT antagonist, which binds to 5-HT2 sites as potently as spiperone but has lower affinity for 5-HT2C receptors. Also a high affinity D2 receptor antagonist (Ki = 3 nM). Lacks the disruptive effect of spiperone on animal behaviour.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.9	4	0	anthocyanidin chloride
5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol : 1-naphthol hydrogenated at C-5, -6, -7 and -8.	3.1	1	0	tetralins
n,n-carbonyldiimidazole [no description available]	1.96	1	0
n-acetyltyrosine N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.	2	1	0	N-acetyltyrosine; N-acyl-L-tyrosine	biomarker; EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite
alfatradiol alfatradiol: used for treating androgenetic alopecia. 17alpha-estradiol : An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).	3.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; estradiol	estrogen; geroprotector
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	1.96	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	9.19	25	4	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	11.01	8	1	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	4.98	2	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
glutaurine glutaurine: recently deteccted hormone of parathyroid gland; structure; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. glutaurine : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was initially found in the parathyroid in 1980 and later in the brain of mammals.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; L-glutamine derivative; sulfonic acid	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; hormone; human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; mouse metabolite
talinolol [no description available]	7.44	2	0	ureas
delta sleep-inducing peptide Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal.	1.96	1	0
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
ryodipine ryodipine: structure given in first source; an antianginal agent	2.06	1	0
4-hydroxyquinoline 4-quinolone : A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
tyrosine methyl ester tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.	2	1	0	L-tyrosyl ester; methyl ester
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	1.97	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bicinchoninic acid [no description available]	2.39	2	0
D-serine [no description available]	2	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
D-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; D-alpha-amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
D-tyrosine [no description available]	2	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; tyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	3.23	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
isaxonine isaxonine: promotes nerve growth	4.01	2	0	aminopyrimidine
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.41	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
moprolol moprolol: (-)-moprolol is beta-blocker & anti-hypertensive agent; (+)-moprolol is inactive; SD 1601 refers to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6316	2.04	1	0	methoxybenzenes
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	3.23	1	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	3.6	2	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	3.59	2	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	1.93	1	0
fenoxypropazine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.	2.17	1	0	disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
phenylalanine [no description available]	2	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	3.59	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.07	1	0	benzofurans
aceclofenac [no description available]	3.54	2	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrefazole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	imidazoles
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	2.07	1	0
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	2.37	2	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
xylenol orange xylenol orange: carboxylate anion which exhibits characteristic visible spectrum when attached to a metal	2.17	1	0
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	3.23	1	0	carbapenems
ergocornine ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	1.96	1	0	ergot alkaloid
glycyl-histidyl-lysine glycyl-histidyl-lysine: found in human plasma; promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells, lymphocytes & mycoplsma; maintains viability of hepatocytes, eosinophils and macrophages; inhibits growth of glial cells; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His-Lys : A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.	1.96	1	0	tripeptide	chelator; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; vulnerary
prochloraz Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.	2.01	1	0	amide fungicide; aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; trichlorobenzene; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	3.06	5	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride [no description available]	1.96	1	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	4.43	20	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
triphenylmethylphosphonium triphenylmethylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
ethylene diurea [no description available]	2.1	1	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	3.23	1	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
phenyl methacrylate phenyl methacrylate: structure in first source	1.95	1	0
monoethyl phthalate monoethyl phthalate: structure in first source. monoethyl phthalate : A phthalic acid monoester resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with ethanol.	2.83	3	0	ethyl ester; phthalic acid monoester	metabolite
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.	2.4	2	0	alanine derivative; alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	human urinary metabolite
tutin tutin: neurotoxin found in Coriaria shrubs; hyenanchin is the hydroxy derivative; structure	1.96	1	0	gamma-lactone
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	2.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
enpiperate enpiperate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
perfluoroundecanoic acid perfluoroundecanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated undecanoic acid.	2.15	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer [no description available]	2	1	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	3.6	2	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	4.67	8	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
4-nitrophenyl sulfate 4-nitrophenyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate the mono 4-nitrophenyl ester of sulfuric acid.. 4-nitrophenyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the sulfooxy group of 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate. The major microspecies at pH 7.3.	1.97	1	0	aryl sulfate; C-nitro compound	human metabolite
fluorescein dilaurate fluorescein dilaurate: used in pancreatic function test	1.98	1	0
bexarotene [no description available]	8.44	12	3	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	5.48	4	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene [no description available]	2.25	1	0	diarylmethane
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	1.94	1	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
epidepride epidepride: structure given in first source	2	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.08	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
foe 5043 FOE 5043: an oxyacetamide with herbicidal activity; structure given in first source. flufenacet : An aromatic amide that is acetamide in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a propan-2-yl and 4-fluorophenyl groups while the methyl hydrogen is replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy group.	2.39	2	0	aromatic amide; monofluorobenzenes; thiadiazoles	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol: RN given refers to (3beta,4beta)-isomer	2.05	1	0
coenzyme a [no description available]	5.23	17	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
slaframine slaframine: biosynthesized in fungus, Rhizoctonia leguminicola; causes excessive salivation in animals; RN given is for parent cpd. slaframine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is octahydroindolizine substituted by an amino group at position 6 and an acetyloxy group at position 1.	1.98	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	4.14	16	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	6.01	37	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
moexipril [no description available]	3.23	1	0	peptide
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone 17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.	3.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	3.91	2	1	hydroxyisoflavans
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	2.31	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
6-phosphogluconic acid gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.	1.93	1	0	gluconic acid phosphate	fundamental metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	10.29	40	8	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxypropranolol 4-hydroxypropranolol: metabolite of propanolol; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	6.96	1	0	naphthols
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.02	1	0
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin: metabolite of phenytoin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.1	1	0
1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.	1.97	1	0	aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
photomirex photomirex: major photodecomposition product of mirex (dodecachloro)	1.95	1	0
nomegestrol acetate nomegestrol acetate: do not confuse with Solastic	1.98	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
diethofencarb diethofencarb: structure given in first source. diethofencarb : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of (3,4-diethoxyphenyl)carbamic acid. A fungicide with strong activity against Botrytis cinerea and benzimidazole-resistant strains of Botryis spp.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
flufenoxuron [no description available]	2.17	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzoylurea insecticide; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes	mite growth regulator
thiazopyr thiazopyr: structure in first source	1.99	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
mci 9038 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	7.74	3	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.	3.1	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.	3.1	1	0	3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one	antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
3,5-diiodothyronine, (l)-isomer [no description available]	4.02	4	0	phenylalanine derivative
droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension	2.43	2	0	catechols; L-tyrosine derivative	antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.11	1	0
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
novaluron novaluron: insecticide	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
5,6-dihydrouridine dihydrouridine : The uridine derivative obtained by formal hydrogenation of the endocyclic double bond in the uracil ring.	1.96	1	0	uridines	biomarker
harmol hydrochloride [no description available]	3.1	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	3.33	7	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
isoluminol isoluminol: chemiluminescent label	1.96	1	0
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	4.43	20	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	2.42	2	0
6-n-propyluracil [no description available]	2.72	3	0
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.	2.92	4	0	dichlorobenzene; hydroxybiphenyls
cellulose sulfate cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9	1.97	1	0	ether; flavonoids
diosgenin [no description available]	3.56	2	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman: a Vitamin E derivative. chromanol : Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.	2.06	1	0
sarsasapogenin, (3beta,5alpha,25r)-isomer tigogenin : A widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs.	3.1	1	0	sapogenin	gout suppressant; plant metabolite
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	3.09	5	0
3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one 3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.	3.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; corticosteroid hormone	human urinary metabolite
pregnanetriol Pregnanetriol: A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE.	1.95	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
2-methoxyestriol [no description available]	3.1	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	5.08	14	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.05	5	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	3.88	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	2.72	3	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.88	4	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
desethylamiodarone desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source	8.69	10	0	aromatic ketone
carbidopa, levodopa drug combination [no description available]	1.96	1	0
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	1.99	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	4.55	7	0	oligopeptide
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.34	2	0
sn 38 SN-38 : A member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is (4S)-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14-dione bearing two additional ethyl substituents at positions 4 and 11 as well as two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 9. It is the active metabolite of irinotecan and is ~1000 times more active than irinotecan itself.	2.06	1	0	delta-lactone; phenols; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
sr141716 [no description available]	2.43	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	3.87	3	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl [no description available]	2.38	2	0
2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: directly acting genotoxic metabolite of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine. N-hydroxy-PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, hydoxyamino, and phenyl groups, respectively. The active metabolite of the dietary carcinogen PhIP.	3.1	1	0	hydroxylamine; imidazopyridine	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; neurotoxin; rat metabolite
chlorethylclonidine chlorethylclonidine: RN refers to 2-chloroethyl derivative	1.97	1	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.07	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	1.97	1	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	1.97	1	0
4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl: do not confuse with the tetrachlorinated compound, also known as 4-OH-TCB (see 4-OH-TCB (tetra))	1.96	1	0	biphenyls; trichlorobenzene
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	5.73	11	2	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	6.85	15	5
pregnenolone sulfate pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer	2.41	2	0	steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	biphenyls; tetrachlorobenzene
3,3'-diiodothyronine 3,3'-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	6.66	30	0	3,3'-diiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite
pentoxyresorufin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
6-hydroxydopa 6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	3.59	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
l-pyroglutamyl-l-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide [no description available]	3.76	2	1
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)- enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes	1.97	1	0	oligopeptide
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.45	1	1	proanthocyanidin
dityrosine dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.	2.4	2	0	biphenyls; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	biomarker
ecopipam ecopipam: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	benzazepine
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	3.51	1	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX	2.4	2	0
ml 9 [no description available]	1.97	1	0
3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-l-thyronine 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	5.01	13	0
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2	1	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	4.04	15	0
tadalafil [no description available]	3.63	2	0	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
1-glyceryloctyl ether 1-glyceryloctyl ether: non-hydrolyzable substrate analog of lipase	1.96	1	0
3-monoiodothyronine 3-monoiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	5.01	13	0
ta 0910 TA 0910: structure given in first source; has central nervous system actions; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/90	2.39	2	0	oligopeptide	analgesic; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	1.94	1	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
16-hydroxyestrone 16-hydroxyestrone: has implications in estrogen physiology & pathophysiology; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3670	3.1	1	0
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer [no description available]	3.1	1	0	ibuprofen
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	1.96	1	0
11-hydroxytestosterone 11-hydroxytestosterone: RN given refers to (11 beta,17 beta)-isomer. 11beta-hydroxytestosterone : An androstanoid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 11beta-position.	3.1	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite
norbuprenorphine norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	phenanthrenes
methylsulfonylpentachlorobenzene methylsulfonylpentachlorobenzene: hexachlorobenzene metabolite	2.02	1	0
paliperidone 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol
estrone-3-glucuronide [no description available]	3.36	1	1	17-oxo steroid; beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; steroid glucosiduronic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	2.7	3	0	monoterpenoid
nitisinone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate: structure given in first source. mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate : A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-ethyl-5-oxohexan-1-ol.	3.68	2	0	methyl ketone; phthalic acid monoester	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
clofarabine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
dioscin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hexacyclic triterpenoid; spiroketal; spirostanyl glycoside; trisaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinol [no description available]	3.1	1	0
meglumine iotroxinate meglumine iotroxinate: Contrast media for intravenous cholecystography	2.66	3	0
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	5.56	16	1	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	2.41	1	0	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	3.23	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
valdecoxib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
l 692429 L 692429: stimulates release of growth hormone; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
3'-monoiodothyronine 3'-monoiodothyronine: RN given refers to (L-Tyr)-isomer	3.75	11	0
n-bromoacetyl-3,3',5-triiodothyronine N-bromoacetyl-3,3',5-triiodothyronine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	4.28	7	0
pyroglutamyl-glutamyl-proline amide pyroglutamyl-glutamyl-proline amide: found in rabbit prostate complex; structurally related to TRH; RN refers to all (L)-isomer; a fertilization promoting peptide (FPP)	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide
triiodothyronine sulfate [no description available]	6.01	14	0	aryl sulfate; O-sulfoamino acid	human metabolite
beta-neo-endorphin beta-neo-endorphin: nonapeptide opioid of porcine origin with amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro which is the C-terminal deleted peptide from alpha-neo-endorphin	1.96	1	0
chlorodimedone [no description available]	1.97	1	0
val-leu-arg-p-nitroanilide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.01	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	9.53	39	1	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.68	6	1	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	3.23	1	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
gefitinib [no description available]	4.14	4	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
3,5-diiodothyronine 3,5-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	7.3	30	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one: structure. 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one : A cholestanoid consisting of a cholesterol core having an oxo group at the 3-position, a C=C bond at the 4,5-position and an alpha-hydroxy group at the 7-position.	4.74	2	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,5'-bis(8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate) [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ro 8-0576 benserazide, levodopa drug combination: combination of L-Dopa and seryltrihydroxybenzylhydrazine; used in treatment of parkinsonism	2.39	2	0
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	3.01	4	0	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
head activator peptide head activator peptide: undecapeptide from hydra which acts as head inducing morphogen; also isolated from sea anemone, mammalian brain & intestine	1.99	1	0
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid: structure in first source. 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic acid : A furoic acid that is furan-3-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a propyl group at position 5 and a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 2. It is a potent uremic toxin that has been found to accumulate in human serum of patients with chronic kidney diseases.	2.9	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; furoic acid	human metabolite; uremic toxin
dehydroalanine 2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.	2.66	3	0	2,3-dehydroamino acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; enamine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	alkylating agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyro(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-histidyl-l-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide pyro(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-histidyl-L-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.36	2	0
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	4.97	2	1	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
berlopentin berlopentin: splenopentin analog; used to treat HIV positive patients; has immunostimulatory properties	1.97	1	0
desvenlafaxine O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.	3.23	1	0	cyclohexanols; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	1.99	1	0
n-bromoacetylthyroxine [no description available]	5.03	16	0
6-iodocholesterol 6-iodocholesterol: RN given refers to 131I-labeled cpd(3beta)-isomer	1.96	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	6.51	25	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
reboxetine Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether
ro 32-0432 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
3-methyl-4',6-dihydroxy-3',5'-dibromoflavone 3-methyl-4',6-dihydroxy-3',5'-dibromoflavone: structure given in first source	3.77	11	0
glycyl-histidyl-arginyl-proline glycyl-histidyl-arginyl-proline: a fibrin B-knob mimetic	2.05	1	0
u 10029a U 10029A: RN given refers to HCl; phospholipase A2 inhibitor	1.96	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	8.64	2	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	penicillanic acids
4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid: forms chelate with europium	1.97	1	0
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	3.87	3	0	biphenyls
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	3.23	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
fosamprenavir fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	prodrug
thyroxine sulfate thyroxine sulfate: RN given for (L)-isomer. thyroxine sulfate : An iodothyronine having iodo substituents in the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions and a sulfate group attached to the phenol function.	5.39	14	1
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	3.8	2	1	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
ivabradine Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; benzazepine; carbobicyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiotonic drug
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	3.23	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.	1.96	1	0
alpha-ergocryptine ergocryptine: a component of the ergotoxine complex; it is the main ergot alkaloid of Japanese & South American wid grasses; minor descriptor (76-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (76-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). alpha-ergocryptine : Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12', 2' and 5' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine.	2	1	0	ergot alkaloid
pomalidomide 3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source	2.31	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
ethylketocyclazocine Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.	2.38	2	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	7.63	3	0	D-xylose
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	9.72	31	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.05	1	0
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	3.23	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.63	2	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
temiverine temiverine: RN (129927-33-4) & structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	3.87	3	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	4.07	4	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	13.39	8	3	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	3.23	1	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
cox 189 lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.	3.23	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	3.23	1	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
isopropyl-diiodothyronine isopropyl-diiodothyronine: thyromimetic analog of triiodothyronine with high biologic activity; RN given refers to parent cpd	8.06	5	0
thyroxine glucuronide [no description available]	3.5	8	0	phenylalanine derivative
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
pralnacasan pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source	3.23	1	0
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	dihydropyridine
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
solifenacin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.	3.23	1	0	methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate	adrenergic agent
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	1.96	1	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
cyanopindolol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	indoles
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	5.45	8	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.01	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lubiprostone [no description available]	3.23	1	0
camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.	1.96	1	0	camphor
telbivudine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
reactive yellow 13 reactive yellow 13: ligand for affinity chromatography of alkaline phosphatase; structure given in first source	2.67	3	0
methylglucamine ioglycamide methylglucamine ioglycamide: RN given refers to meglumine salt[2:1]	1.96	1	0
ukrain ukrain: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; semisynthetic product from alkaloids of Chelidonium majus L. & thiophosphoric triaciridide acid	2	1	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.05	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	1.95	1	0	carbodiimide
cortolone [no description available]	3.1	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
abrine abrine: from seeds of Abrus precatorius; structure in first source. N(alpha)-methyl-L-tryptophan : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-methyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2	1	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid: a cardiotonic thyroid hormone analog. 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine.	6.24	10	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organoiodine compound; phenols
bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate: chemiluminescence reagent	1.96	1	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
tartrazine Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.	2.07	1	0
3,3',5-triiodothyronamine 3,3',5-triiodothyronamine: potential metabolite of T3; structure given in first source	5.07	13	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	3.59	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
thyroxine, triiodothyronine drug combination thyroxine, triiodothyronine drug combination: combination of sodium levothyroxine and sodium l-triiodothyronine in a ratio of 4 to 1 by weight; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.04	14	2
acetyl-beta-(methylthio)choline acetyl-beta-(methylthio)choline: RN given refers to iodide	1.95	1	0
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	3.23	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.94	1	0	phosphorothioic acid
clorazepate dipotassium Clorazepate Dipotassium: A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.	1.99	1	0	potassium salt	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
lanthanum carbonate lanthanum carbonate: a phosphate binder used for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal disease	8.43	1	1
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	8.12	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	1.94	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	5.17	3	1	corticosteroid hormone
mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate: a metabolite of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate : A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the primary hydroxy group of 2-ethylhexane-1,5-diol	3.95	3	0	phthalic acid monoester	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	3.6	2	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	6.42	31	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	6.42	33	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
fiduxosin fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	12.82	34	1
chlorsuperlutin chlorsuperlutin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.38	2	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	3.04	1	0
ml 23 ML 23: melatonin antagonist	1.97	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nbi 27914 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
erlotinib [no description available]	3.6	2	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
lu 135252 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.75	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.	1.99	1	0	very long-chain fatty acid
melagatran [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
7-oxodehydroepiandrosterone 7-ketodehydroepiandrosterone : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional oxo group at position 7.	2.01	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; androstanoid	human blood serum metabolite; nutraceutical; prohormone
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	3.1	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
etravirine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tropatepine tropatepine: structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzothiepine
olpadronic acid [no description available]	2.69	3	0
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	4.54	7	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	5.88	2	1	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	3.59	2	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.59	2	0	benzodioxoles
tolvaptan [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	6.87	7	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	4.12	2	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
regadenoson [no description available]	3.23	1	0	purine nucleoside
alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine epithalamin: epiphysial polypeptoid extract	2.42	2	0
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	5.93	2	1	N-acyl-amino acid
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	2.06	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	9.18	5	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	3.06	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	3.39	7	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	10.83	277	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
equilin Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid
fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.	3.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
gossypol acetic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0
testosterone isocaproate testosterone isocaproate: a testosterone ester	2.06	1	0	steroid ester
1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	diarylmethane
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.67	3	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
epinastine dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer	2.06	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
stigmastanol stigmastanol: saturated analog of beta-sitosterol; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. stigmastanol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.	4.45	1	1	3-hydroxy steroid; phytosterols	anticholesteremic drug; plant metabolite
vincaleukoblastine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.	3.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstane-3,17-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
cortol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
21-hydroxypregnenolone 21-hydroxypregnenolone: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer;. 21-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone that is pregnenolone which has been substituted by a hydroxy group at position 21.	3.1	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	mouse metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.	3.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug
epietiocholanolone epietiocholanolone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	androgen; animal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; rat metabolite
melengestrol acetate Melengestrol Acetate: A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.	3.41	1	1	corticosteroid hormone
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	8.88	66	3
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.4	2	0	potassium salt
corticosterone acetate [no description available]	2.38	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	3.59	2	0	1-benzofurans
hydroxydione 5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone : A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from 11-deoxycorticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human xenobiotic metabolite
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
metribolone Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.	2.37	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	androgen
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
leucogenenol Leucogenenol: A heterocyclic enolic thymothyroid hormone synthesized by the THYMUS and/or THYROID.	1.96	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	3.51	8	0
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bortezomib [no description available]	4.29	5	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	5.37	10	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)	1.94	1	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.39	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	10.19	44	4
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.08	5	0
carboplatin [no description available]	4.93	2	1
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	3.37	7	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	7.95	114	0
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	5.9	9	1	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.37	2	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	3.83	12	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	2.65	3	0	oligopeptide
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	5.59	10	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid	1.95	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-glutamic acid derivative
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.53	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	7.44	43	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
dithioerythritol [no description available]	3.21	6	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available]	1.94	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2.03	1	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	8.85	69	1	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
D-leucine [no description available]	2	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; leucine	bacterial metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	6.13	43	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
desmosterol Desmosterol: An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.. desmosterol : A cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol.	2.35	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	3.87	3	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	11.63	218	2	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.42	2	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
xylose 1-phosphate xylose 1-phosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer. alpha-D-xylose 1-phosphate : A xylose phosphate that is alpha-D-xylose carrying a phosphate group at position 1.	1.96	1	0	xylose phosphate
2-hydroxyestrone 2-hydroxyestrone: catechol estrogen which is a major metabolite of estradiol in man & animals; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-hydroxyestrone : A 2-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	4.01	2	0	2-hydroxy steroid; catechols	human metabolite
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	2.33	2	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	4.04	3	1	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	1.94	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	10.2	9	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	3.59	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	4	4	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	3.36	7	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	3.23	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	8.66	10	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	3.87	3	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	1.97	1	0	benzazocine
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	3.79	3	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	3.23	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
epiandrosterone epiandrosterone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (5alpha)-androstane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.05	1	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	piperidines
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.	3.23	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
terconazole terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.	2.06	1	0	1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
linezolid [no description available]	8.61	2	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
indican [no description available]	2.9	4	0	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2.4	2	0
ginsenoside rf ginsenoside Rf: from ginseng. ginsenoside Rf : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
picrotoxinin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
naringin [no description available]	3.84	3	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.53	2	0
1-alpha-terpineol (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol.	3.1	1	0	alpha-terpineol	plant metabolite
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.41	2	0	cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.39	2	0	tripeptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
clindamycin phosphate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.13	1	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
carubicin carminomycin : A toxic anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Actinomadura carminata and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	2.06	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline antibiotic; p-quinones; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.23	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
tolterodine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	4.26	4	1	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	anthracycline
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	1.98	1	0	amino sugar
medigoxin Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).	1.95	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
tibolone tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.	3.42	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	bone density conservation agent; hormone agonist
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	3.23	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.54	2	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.75	3	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	1.93	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.65	3	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	3.46	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.43	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	7.74	35	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.66	3	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.06	1	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
1-(5'-phospho-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)barbituric acid 6-oxouridine 5'-phosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is the 6-oxo derivative of UMP.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.79	10	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	10.49	111	2	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.83	3	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	6.22	34	1	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	5.84	6	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.78	3	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.01	1	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.73	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	3.87	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.56	8	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2.43	2	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
sr 12813 SR 12813: structure given in first source. SR12813 : An organic phosphonate that is the tetraethyl ester of [2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene-1,1-diyl]bis(phosphonic acid).	2.06	1	0	organic phosphonate; phenols	pregnane X receptor agonist
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.45	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	4.59	4	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.	2	1	0	peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide	anxiogenic; human metabolite
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	3.86	3	0
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	2.94	1	0
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.	2.08	1	0	carbotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent
lycopene [no description available]	2.41	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	3.59	2	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.59	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.05	1	0
epothilone b [no description available]	2.06	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; microtubule-stabilising agent
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.44	2	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	13.7	61	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
octreotide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
eptifibatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.	2.08	1	0
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	3.85	3	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.45	2	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.01	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	3.37	1	1	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer	1.96	1	0
teniposide [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	1.99	1	0	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.07	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
diclazuril [no description available]	2.06	1	0	nitrile
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	7.98	91	0	actinomycin	mutagen
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	5.6	5	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	3.58	9	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.44	2	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.87	3	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	3.59	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	6.79	27	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	3.36	7	0	potassium salt
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	2.7	3	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	5.25	3	1	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium perchlorate potassium perchlorate: thyroid antagonist; structure	5.76	21	1
sodium chlorate sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.	2.39	2	0	chlorate salt; inorganic sodium salt	herbicide
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.	3.23	1	0	arsenic oxide	antineoplastic agent; insecticide
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	11.04	27	1	inorganic sodium salt
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	1.99	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
cholestane-3,5,6-triol cholestane-3,5,6-triol: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.31	1	0
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.98	14	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
17,20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 17,20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one: steroid from Micropogonias undulatus during oocyte maturation; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation	3.38	1	1
sr 90107 fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.	3.23	1	0
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
meglumine iodipamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organoammonium salt	radioopaque medium
camalexin camalexin : An indole phytoalexin that is indole substituted at position 3 by a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl group.	3.1	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; indole phytoalexin	metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.01	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	4.3	4	1
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.03	15	0	isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.97	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.01	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	acetate ester
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	1.94	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	3.51	8	0	stilbene
thyrotropin-releasing hormone PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.	3.23	1	0	peptide hormone; tripeptide	human metabolite
xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	5.77	12	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.52	2	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.01	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	2.06	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	3.21	6	0	cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	7.02	34	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	9.3	6	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.68	3	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
etorphine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	alcohol; morphinane alkaloid	opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; sedative
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.05	1	0	benzamides
s 1033 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
triiodothyronine, reverse [no description available]	3.54	8	0	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
glucobrassicin glucobrassicin: isolated from Brussels sprouts; structure given in first source. glucobrassicin : An indolylmethylglucosinolic acid that is 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose having a 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-(sulfooxy)ethanimidoyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	1.96	1	0	indolyl carbohydrate; indolylmethylglucosinolic acid
trilostane trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; epoxy steroid; nitrile	abortifacient; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	2.87	4	0	amidobenzoic acid
sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	food antioxidant
prednisolone hemisuccinate prednisolone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone succinate : A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; hemisuccinate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.69	3	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	2	1	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	18.44	1,103	27	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	1.99	1	0
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	chlorprothixene
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	3.98	4	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	3.59	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	4.52	4	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	7.76	133	0	pyrimidone
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.03	1	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	3.48	8	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
benzylthiouracil benzylthiouracil: RN given is for 6-benzyl-2-thiouracil in Chemline; a potent inhibitor of Toxoplasma gondii uridine phosphorylase	2.37	2	0	pyrimidone
dansylproline dansylproline: RN given refers to L-proline isomer	2.13	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.01	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
6-phenylthiouracil 6-phenylthiouracil: inhibits production of thyroxine	2	1	0	pyrimidines
captax captax: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol : 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.	3.1	1	0	aryl thiol; benzothiazoles	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
n-acetyltryptophan N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2	1	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
2-mercaptobenzimidazole 2-mercaptobenzimidazole: purine synthesis antimetabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	3.23	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	3.38	7	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
thiothixene [no description available]	4.05	2	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.	3.23	1	0	zopiclone	central nervous system depressant; sedative
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	2.4	2	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	5.98	9	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	3.5	2	0	diarylmethane
nootkatone nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; enone; sesquiterpenoid	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	11.48	252	1	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
thiohydantoins Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups.	1.96	1	0
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	20	755	76	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	1.96	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	3.9	2	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	7.59	27	1
levocetirizine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	diarylmethane
terbinafine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
allylthiourea [no description available]	2.34	2	0	thioureas	metabolite
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.1	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	3.81	3	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.35	2	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.	8.68	10	0	imidazolidines
2-mercaptothiazoline [no description available]	1.98	1	0
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	7.65	118	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	1.98	1	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	5.31	18	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.43	2	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	1.98	1	0
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	3.23	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	9.08	67	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
streptozocin [no description available]	3.59	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	13.4	23	3	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.44	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
nadp [no description available]	7.75	54	1
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	3.87	3	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
cancidas [no description available]	3.23	1	0
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	2.89	4	0	macrolide
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.05	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.23	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	2.94	4	0	dithiocarbamic acids
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.37	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	5.2	12	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.86	12	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	5.72	6	1	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
aplaviroc aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
hmr 3647 [no description available]	3.59	2	0
maraviroc [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tropane alkaloid
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	3.82	3	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	3.23	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	1.95	1	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	1.96	1	0
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	13.56	153	14	alkali metal atom
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	3.25	6	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
nabam nabam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nabam : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the disodium salt of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid). A fungicide, algicide and bactericide used on various crops including on cotton, capsicums, onions and rice crops, it is considered to be a carcinogen, so is not licensed for use within the European Union. Mixing nabam with zinc sulfate affords the fungicide zineb.	2.36	2	0	dithiocarbamate salt; organic sodium salt	antifungal agrochemical
goitrin goitrin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. (R)-goitrin : A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis.	7.87	4	0	5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione	antiviral agent; plant metabolite
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.67	3	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.98	3	0	nitrogen oxide
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	3.1	5	0
phosphamidon Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	7.41	2	0
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	3.51	2	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
nizatidine Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.	3.35	1	1
droloxifene [no description available]	3.81	2	1	stilbenoid
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	1.97	1	0	salicylamides
dolasetron [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.42	2	0	steroid	estrogen
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	9.07	4	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	4.33	6	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
mitragynine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.04	1	0
androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified glucuronide locant	1.98	1	0	steroid ester
glycodeoxycholic acid Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene sulfonic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0
2-iodohexadecanal [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dabth [no description available]	1.96	1	0
n,n'-methylene-bis(2-amino-5-sulfhydryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole) bismerthiazol: a bactericide and fungicide	2.42	2	0
cystine [no description available]	11.05	9	1
3,3'-diiodothyronine-4-sulfate 3,3'-diiodothyronine-4-sulfate: RN refers to (L)-isomer	2.91	4	0	aryl sulfate; O-sulfoamino acid
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	3.1	1	0	benzazepine
methenolone Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.	1.94	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
fospropofol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
rasagiline [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
ketazocine ketazocine: RN given refers to parent cpd(2S-(2alpha,6alpha,11S*))-isomer	2.37	2	0
deracoxib SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.	7.03	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	3.23	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fipronil sulfone fipronil sulfone: insecticide fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulphone inhibit the rat alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptor. fipronil-sulfone : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl, and amino groups, respectively. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical fipronil.	2.46	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; pyrazoles; sulfone	marine xenobiotic metabolite
thyroxamine [no description available]	8.73	11	0
triiodothyronine glucuronide [no description available]	7.37	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium iii tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium III: RN refers to trichloride	2.03	1	0
18-crown-6 2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid 18-crown-6 2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid: structure in first source; RN given for (2R,3R,11,12)-isomer	2.01	1	0
thyronamine thyronamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	5.98	7	0
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	4.31	6	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	7.91	10	1
metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to cpd with structure HPO3. phosphonate(1-) : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.	2.04	1	0
thymic factor, circulating thymalin: see also thymarin	2.92	4	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.1	1	0
quinagolide quinagolide: structure & RN given in first source; a non-ergot dopamine D(2)-agonist	2.01	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	1.98	1	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.46	8	0
gw 7647 GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.	2.08	1	0	aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; ureas	PPARalpha agonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	3.06	5	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
o,o-dimethyl phosphorothionate O,O-dimethyl phosphorothionate: metabolite of phosmet; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1	0	organic thiophosphate
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	3.98	4	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.01	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.66	3	0
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.46	8	0
4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(n,n-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
n-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	7.61	47	1
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.85	4	0
jhw 015 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	indolecarboxamide
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
digitoxigenin Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).	3.53	2	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.23	1	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
iododiflunisal iododiflunisal: an amyloid inhibitor; structure in first source	2.83	3	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	5.48	8	2	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	2.41	1	0
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	1.98	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.91	3	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	3.72	10	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	8.08	5	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	4.61	8	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	11.35	71	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	4.01	14	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	5.09	10	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	8.84	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.89	4	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	10.58	38	3	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
scopoletin [no description available]	3.52	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
ubiquinone 9 ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	2.38	2	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; human metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	6.82	14	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	4.98	9	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.87	4	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.69	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	1.99	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.38	2	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	3.38	1	1	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	3.84	3	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil [no description available]	3.36	7	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	8.08	12	1	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	12.98	22	2	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	9.29	4	1	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	2.38	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2.89	4	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.4	2	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	6.69	11	2	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	3.59	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.05	1	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	4.08	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	4.44	7	0
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.23	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.59	2	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	3.23	1	0	isoquinolines
hemabate carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	3.23	1	0
ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.	1.94	1	0
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.59	2	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	3.59	2	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.05	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	3.51	1	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	3.1	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	3.1	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	1.96	1	0	alpha-humulene
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.15	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
baicalein [no description available]	3.53	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	3.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	3.1	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	3.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	5.5	8	2	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.03	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.	2.7	3	0	flupenthixol	dopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.47	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.4	7	0	3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	quinolines
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	3.11	5	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.46	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.97	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.4	2	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	3.85	2	1	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.	3.53	2	0	4-hydroxy steroid	metabolite
11-ketotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.	8.52	8	0	11-oxo steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	5.16	8	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.05	1	0
epoprostenol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
indocyanine green [no description available]	3.23	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	3.78	3	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	3.87	3	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
ethamolin monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma	3.23	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	3.59	2	0
9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid 9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. 9-HODE : A HODE that consists of (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid with the hydroxy substituent located at position 9.	2.11	1	0	HODE; octadecadienoic acid	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: chemorepellant factor which maintains blood vessel wall thromboresistance; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer	2.11	1	0	octadecadienoic acid
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha: main metabolite of PGF2alpha in plasma after allergen provoked asthma; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha)-isomer; structure. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha.	2.4	2	0	ketone; prostaglandins Falpha	metabolite
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.	2.37	2	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug; radiation protective agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.66	3	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	2.11	1	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hyodeoxycholic acid hyodeoxycholic acid: differs from deoxycholic acid in that the 6 alpha-OH is in the 12 position in the former; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,6alpha)-isomer. hyodeoxycholic acid : A member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6.	3.1	1	0	5beta-cholanic acids; 6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid; bile acid; C24-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
codeine [no description available]	5.42	8	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	4.08	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	3.16	5	0	hydrochloride
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	3.85	3	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	5.85	13	2	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
estropipate estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients	3.23	1	0	piperazinium salt; steroid sulfate
ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.	3.45	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	drug metabolite; progestin
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.	2.15	1	0	morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	4.05	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	6.64	5	1	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	3.23	1	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nabilone nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	4.88	2	1	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	3.53	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	7.55	14	2	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	4.55	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	4.35	3	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.23	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.28	5	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	4.35	3	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.23	1	0
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.	3.1	1	0	6alpha-hydroxy steroid
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.39	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.42	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	6.82	36	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).	2.03	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent
acipimox acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor	2	1	0	pyrazinecarboxylic acid
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	3.23	1	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.11	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
cloprostenol Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.	2.65	3	0	prostanoid
denopamine denopamine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	7.98	33	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.	2.06	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
fluprostenol fluprostenol: synthetic prostaglandin F 2 alpha analog used as an abortifacient; RN given refers to ((1alpha(Z),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha,5alpha)-(+-))-isomer. fluprostenol : An organofluorine compound that is racemic prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of its isopropyl ester prodrug, travoprost, are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. The isopropyl ester group of travoprost is hydrolysed to the biologically active free acid by esterases in the cornea.	2.13	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	abortifacient; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; female contraceptive drug; prostaglandin receptor agonist
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2.76	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	8.58	2	0	organic molecular entity
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.51	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	1.98	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	3.48	8	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	4.05	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3.23	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	3.39	7	0	polypeptide
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.47	2	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
obelin obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata	7.02	1	0
rimexolone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	20-oxo steroid
vinorelbine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
silodosin silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	indolecarboxamide
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	1.97	1	0	piperazines
biliverdine [no description available]	2	1	0
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	3.1	1	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.	3.8	2	1	7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone	fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
icariin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
furazolidone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	4.07	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	5.11	13	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	7.85	4	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
heteronemin heteronemin: antitubercular sesterterpene with anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; from the Thai sponge Brachiaster sp.; structure in first source	2.72	2	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	8.45	41	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	2.34	2	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	3.87	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
molsidomine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	3.06	5	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	1.99	1	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	2.37	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	7.4	2	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	3.96	4	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
triphenyltin triphenyltin: triphenyltin derivatives widely used as pesticides; all of first source is triphenyltin cpds	2.66	2	0
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	4.66	9	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	8.77	11	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	4.05	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	3.66	10	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	2.36	2	0	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	4.89	4	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	8.18	32	3	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.64	3	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	6.74	10	1	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	3.87	3	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.08	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.37	2	0	boron group element atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefixime [no description available]	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.29	5	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	4.07	4	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	3.23	1	0
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	4.39	6	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	3.73	11	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	3.5	2	0	styrenes
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.53	2	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	4.43	6	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.05	1	0
trientine hydrochloride [no description available]	3.23	1	0
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.	3.23	1	0
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.91	4	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.86	4	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
astatine Astatine: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.	1.94	1	0	elemental astatine
bleomycin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	4.7	30	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	14.75	383	2	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	8.04	5	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	11.76	129	3	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.44	2	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	4.45	7	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
indinavir sulfate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	3.59	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
normorphine normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	1.96	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	3.59	2	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
pafuramidine pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine	3.23	1	0
ceftazidime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.59	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2.68	3	0
progoitrin progoitrin: RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure. epi-progoitrin : The stereoisomer of xi-progoitrin that has S at the carbon bearing the allylic hydroxy group.. progoitrin : The stereoisomer of xi-progoitrin that has R at the carbon bearing the allylic hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	alkylglucosinolate
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	1.96	1	0
naltrindole benzofuran naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	3.23	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	3.23	1	0	peptide
delta sleep-inducing peptide, n-tyr- [no description available]	1.96	1	0
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
oleoyl-coenzyme a oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.07	1	0	octadecenoyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
crotonyl-coenzyme a crotonoyl-CoA : The (E)-isomer of but-2-enoyl-CoA.	1.96	1	0	but-2-enoyl-CoA
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	3.1	1	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene
famotidine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.25	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	3.76	2	1	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	3.59	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.86	4	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid 2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid: bacterial toxin isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RN given refers to (S-(E))-isomer	1.96	1	0
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2	1	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.42	2	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
nitrovin Nitrovin: An antibacterial growth promoter used in animal feeds.	1.95	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans
sk&f 93479 SK&F 93479: inhibits nocturnal acid secretion	2.66	3	0
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.47	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	3.98	4	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	15.79	185	23	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
selenocysteine Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.	4.51	7	0
triphenyltin hydroxide fentin hydroxide : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots.	2.03	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	3.05	5	0
venalot [no description available]	3.35	1	1
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	3.23	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	1.99	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
selenocyanic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0	organic radical
dihydroergotoxine Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.	2.64	3	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.01	1	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	3.74	11	0	amidobenzoic acid
lasalocid sodium lasalocid sodium : The sodium salt of lasalocid. It is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.06	1	0	benzoates; organic sodium salt	coccidiostat; ionophore
pregnanediol [no description available]	3.04	5	0
cholestanol Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.	4.45	1	1	cholestanoid
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.99	1	0	polyterpene
simethicone Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.	2.06	1	0
bongkrekic acid Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.	1.95	1	0	ether; olefinic compound; tricarboxylic acid	apoptosis inhibitor; ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; toxin
flupenthixol decanoate flupenthixol decanoate: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.	4.44	5	1
vitamin a2 vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol.	2.04	1	0	retinoid; vitamin A	human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
rifaximin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterohexacyclic compound; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative	antimicrobial agent; gastrointestinal drug; orphan drug
diniconazole diniconazole: structure given in first source. diniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diniconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including mildew, bunts and smuts.. (1E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol substituted at position 1 by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.	1.98	1	0	dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; secondary alcohol; triazoles
retinyl methyl ether retinyl methyl ether: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	1.99	1	0
clopenthixol acetate ester clopenthixol acetate ester: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	thioxanthenes
ro 13-6298 ethyl-p-((E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: used in psoriasis therapy; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
involucrin involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor	2.05	1	0
ly 53857 LY 53857: RN given refers to maleate[1:1](8beta)-isomer	1.98	1	0
st 232 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,23,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3: RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E,23S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.04	1	0
linoleoyl-coenzyme a linoleoyl-coenzyme A: RN from 9th CI Form Index & given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	3.71	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.53	2	0	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
ubichromenol [no description available]	7.34	2	0
ixabepilone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer [no description available]	2.08	1	0
sialosylparagloboside sialosylparagloboside: see also record for sialosylgloboside	1.96	1	0
ibutamoren mesylate ibutamoren mesylate: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	3.45	2	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
19-hydroxycholesterol 19-hydroxycholesterol: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	cholestanoid
beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.	2.4	2	0	triterpenoid saponin
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.07	1	0
ceftizoxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	3.5	2	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
beta-escin [no description available]	2.87	4	0
borneol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	borneol
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.05	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	3.87	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
6 beta-hydroxycortisol 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.	3.44	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; probe
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	12.89	25	1	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
dantrolene [no description available]	3.23	1	0
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefdinir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	1.96	1	0
etonogestrel [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
montirelin montirelin: structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	oligopeptide
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-arg(6)- enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Arg(6)-: RN refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr-D-Ala-L-Phe-L-Leu)-isomer	1.96	1	0
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.05	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
ginsenoside rb2 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antiviral agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
vorozole vorozole: structure given in first source; vorozole/R 83842 is ((+)/dextro-isomer), RN 129731-10-8; R 83839 ((-)/levo-isomer)	1.99	1	0	benzotriazoles
temsirolimus [no description available]	3.23	1	0	macrolide lactam
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	3.87	3	0	diarylmethane
bibx 1382bs BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001	3.23	1	0	substituted aniline
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
3-tyrosine 3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.	1.93	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phenols	plant metabolite
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.05	1	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	3.79	3	0	ammonium ion derivative
1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol: RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-isomer. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 : A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.	1.98	1	0	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	3.53	2	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	9.26	19	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	5.4	5	3	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	4.13	3	1	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	8.08	1	0
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	3.23	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazoles; sulfoxide
fosinopril [no description available]	3.59	2	0
armodafinil armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.	3.23	1	0	2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide	central nervous system stimulant; eugeroic
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
lenvatinib lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.	2.41	1	0	aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	1.99	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	3.6	2	0	oligopeptide
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
etomoxir [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	5.09	8	0	organic molecular entity
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	2	1	0	peptide
gc 1 compound GC 1 compound: structure in first source	5.44	11	0	diarylmethane
agn 194204 AGN 194204: a retinoid X receptor ligand; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
kb 141 KB 141: an anticholesteremic agent; structure in first source	4.13	2	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	6.26	35	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.41	1	0	methanesulfonate ester
pexacerfont [no description available]	2.31	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine 4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine: an hCRF(1) antagonist; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
gw 4064 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	stilbenoid
shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
norcodeine norcodeine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer. norcodeine : A morphinane-like compound that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine.	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
3-iodothyronamine 3-iodothyronamine: a thyroid hormone derivative that may be involved in a fast response signaling pathway; structure in first source	10.7	9	0	aromatic ether
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	1.95	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	1.96	1	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
4-hydroxyestrone 4-hydroxyestrone : A 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; catechols; phenolic steroid	carcinogenic agent; estrogen; human urinary metabolite
chf 5074 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: a beta-amyloid(1-42) lowering agent; structure in first source	3.53	1	1
cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A	1.99	1	0
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- [no description available]	2.41	2	0	peptide
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.	7.64	3	0	cysteine derivative
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	3.23	1	0
11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone 11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha,11beta)-isomer; structure	3.1	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
kb 2115 3-((3,5-dibromo-4-(4-hydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropanoic acid: a thyroid hormone receptor agonist with anticholesteremic activity	2.13	1	0
ko 143 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines; tert-butyl ester
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	1.96	1	0	peptide
2-hydroxyestriol 2-hydroxyestriol: structure	3.1	1	0
ghrp-1 alanyl-histidyl-(2-naphthyl)alanyl-tryptophyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide: amino acid sequence given in first source; a second generation growth hormone-releasing peptide	2.39	2	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.03	1	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
baci-im [no description available]	3.59	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.02	1	0
decabromodiphenyl ethane decabromodiphenyl ethane: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
tafamidis tafamidis: may be effective in treating transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy. tafamidis : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.	2.85	3	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	central nervous system drug
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	2.94	4	0
regorafenib [no description available]	2.15	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bms 477118 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	3.6	2	0	nystatins
milnacipran [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetamides
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	8.38	34	2
deoxycortone pivalate [no description available]	2.15	1	0	mineralocorticoid; pivalate ester
palmitoylcarnitine Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	2.17	1	0	O-palmitoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.	4.11	3	1
boldenone undecylenate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
telomestatin telomestatin: isolated from Spreptomyces anulatus; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	3.58	9	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2	1	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.58	9	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	1.95	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	4.16	5	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	9.36	112	0
lhrh, ala(6)-gly(10)-ethylamide- LHRH, Ala(6)-Gly(10)-ethylamide-: a growth hormone agonistic analog; RN given is for acetate salt	2.42	2	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	4.82	2	1
enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)	1.93	1	0
dihydrotachysterol Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.	9.92	12	0
rifamycins [no description available]	1.95	1	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2.42	2	0
ginsenoside rc [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	6.96	59	0
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	7.88	4	0
pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-prolinamide pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-prolinamide: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from human seminal fluid	1.99	1	0
murexide Murexide: 5,5'-Nitrilodibarbituric acid ammonium derivative. Used as an indicator for complexometric titrations.	1.98	1	0
jaw [no description available]	3.21	6	0	indolecarboxamide
hexabromodiphenyl ether 154 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether: structure in first source	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	7.18	74	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mgl-3196 resmetirom: a thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonist	4.39	1	1
macitentan [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; pyrimidines; ring assembly; sulfamides	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist; orphan drug
3-o-methylfluorescein phosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aryl phosphate
toceranib phosphate toceranib phosphate: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.61	2	0
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.86	4	0
9-fluorocortisone [no description available]	1.96	1	0
calcitonin [no description available]	3.78	2	1
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	5.08	10	1
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	9.19	5	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.43	2	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	2.68	3	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.38	2	0
bivalirudin bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.	3.23	1	0	polypeptide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	13.43	44	1	polypeptide
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	3.23	1	0
(dtpa-phe(1))-octreotide SDZ 215-811: potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors	1.98	1	0
ganirelix [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
adrenocorticotropin zinc [no description available]	2.67	3	0
hes1 protein, human HES1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_005524	2.17	1	0
nociceptin [no description available]	2	1	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	6.99	33	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	12.94	188	5	peptide hormone
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	8.76	11	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	10.6	23	0
heliodermin heliodermin: MW 5,900 peptide with secretin-like properties	2.38	2	0
teriparatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	8.47	8	0
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	2.02	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
cortistatin 14 cortistatin: a cortical neuropeptide; shows strong structural similarity to somatostatin; a neuronal depressant; has sleep-modulating activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.07	1	0
salmon calcitonin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone; polypeptide	bone density conservation agent; metabolite
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.1	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	7.68	3	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	3.65	2	0
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
n-acetyl-beta-endorphin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	12.54	37	8
exenatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	2.03	1	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	2.67	3	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	5.49	22	0	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	5.06	9	1
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	7.78	51	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	3.45	2	0
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	1.95	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
amikacin [no description available]	2.21	1	0
carbetocin carbetocin : Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus.	6.98	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	oxytocic
aluminum lactate aluminum lactate: RN given refers to compound with unknown number of aluminum atoms	2.06	1	0	aluminium coordination entity; lactate salt
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	3.05	5	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
uk 453,061 UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	1.98	1	0
compound w compound W: a 3,3'-diiodothyronine sulfate-like material in serum of pregnant women; a potential marker for fetal thyroid function	2	1	0	aromatic ether
sodium salicylate [no description available]	9.3	20	0	organic molecular entity
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	5.2	16	0
cyclic adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate cyclic adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate: structure given in first source, cyclic refers to arrangement of three phosphates	1.96	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	3.08	5	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	1.99	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	1.96	1	0
menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.	3.37	7	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.22	5	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	4.9	8	1
enzacamene enzacamene: structure in first source; 4-MBC for short;	2.03	1	0
15-deoxyprostaglandin j2 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2: 15d-PGJ2 abbreviation is also used for 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)PGJ2	2.05	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	3.83	3	0	organosulfonic acid
sodium houttuyfonate sodium houttuyfonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tianeptine [no description available]	2.06	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	5.43	63	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
potassium iodate [no description available]	5.19	3	1
osteum [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic molecular entity
letter Letter: Work consisting of written or printed communication between individuals or between persons and representatives of corporate bodies. The correspondence may be personal or professional. In medical and other scientific publications the letter is usually from one or more authors to the editor of the journal or book publishing the item being commented upon or discussed. LETTER is often accompanied by COMMENT.. levothyroxine sodium anhydrous : The sodium salt of L-thyroxine. It is used as replacement therapy in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2	1	0	organic sodium salt
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bile salt
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	3.23	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium iothalamate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
urografin 76 urovision: urovision contains a mixture of sodium & meglumine salts of diatrizoic acid in the ratio of 50:18 in aqueous solution used in urography	2.37	2	0
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	1.95	1	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	8.49	8	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	9.24	57	5
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	3.89	13	0
cortisol succinate, sodium salt hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt	2.37	2	0	organic molecular entity
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.	2.15	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	4.31	6	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	1.94	1	0
ponatinib [no description available]	2.11	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ethyl cellulose [no description available]	2.06	1	0	glycoside
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	2.4	2	0
dienestrol diacetate dienestrol diacetate: a derivative of the synthetic non-steroid phenolic compound, DIENESTROL, which exhibits estrogenic activities	1.96	1	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.35	2	0
quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	6.07	10	3	fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	7.54	14	2
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.	4.02	4	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	3.23	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	1.96	1	0
nafarelin Nafarelin: A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.. nafarelin : An oligopeptide comprising of 5-oxo-L-proline, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-tyrosine, 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine, L-leucine, L-arginine and L-prolylglycinamide residues joined sequence by peptide linkages. It is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist that is used to treat central precocious puberty in children and endometriosis in women.	2	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	4.7	9	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
deslorelin deslorelin: Ovuplant is tradename for a short-term-release implant containing deslorelin acetate; RN given refers to D-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90	2.11	1	0	oligopeptide
histrelin histrelin: gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist. histrelin : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, 1-benzyl-D-histidyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the diacetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	1.98	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
mannans [no description available]	3.42	1	1
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	2.41	1	0	organic anion
triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.	19.94	1,048	47	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
cytochromes c1 Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)	1.95	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	5.31	18	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	5.52	16	1
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	2.36	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.11	5	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	1.94	1	0
hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.	1.96	1	0
3',5'-diiodothyronine 3',5'-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	5.47	21	0	phenylalanine derivative
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	4.14	5	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	5.76	21	1
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	8.6	25	2	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	3.83	12	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.45	8	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.88	4	0
neuromedin b neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord	8.39	7	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	11.32	103	3	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
raltegravir [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	4.83	6	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	12.72	17	2
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.73	3	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	5.08	8	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	9.36	6	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	15.41	59	2	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	3.82	12	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	3.87	3	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.68	3	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	3.84	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	9.96	44	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	4.49	4	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	3.6	2	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
antimycin [no description available]	2.38	2	0
4-hydroxycoumarin 2-hydroxychromone: structure	3.1	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.05	1	0
methacycline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.06	1	0
ethyl biscoumacetate Ethyl Biscoumacetate: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226)	3.03	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
tigecycline [no description available]	3.23	1	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dolutegravir [no description available]	7.15	1	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination: contains estradiol benzoate & progesterone	2.89	4	0
betalains Betalains: Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are found in the Caryophyllales order of PLANTS and some BASIDIOMYCETES.	3.1	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	7.89	82	0
calca protein, human CALCA protein, human: RefSeq NM_001741	2.11	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	3.49	2	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	2.25	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	5.03	15	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	4.35	4	1
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
phosphatidylethanol phosphatidylethanol: formed in rat brain by phospholipase D. phosphatidylethanol : A glycerophospholipid that is the monoethyl ester of any phosphatidic acid.	2	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	3.77	10	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thymic factor, circulating Thymic Factor, Circulating: A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.	6.25	11	1
kiss1 protein, human Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.	2.25	1	0
rome Rome: The capital city of Italy.. (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor.	2.08	1	0	2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
idarucizumab [no description available]	2.13	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	3.33	7	0
aloxiprin [no description available]	1.95	1	0
technetium tc 99m lidofenin Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING for the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.	2.01	1	0
ephrin-a5 Ephrin-A5: A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It has been shown to mediate the bundling of cortical axons and repel the axonal growth of retinal ganglia axons. It is found in a variety of adult tissues of BRAIN; HEART; and KIDNEY.	2.04	1	0
glutaminase [no description available]	3.66	10	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.37	6	0
chromium dioxide chromium dioxide: magnetic particles used as solid support in immunoassay	1.97	1	0
lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.	6.99	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	6.43	58	0
fertinex [no description available]	3.23	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	5.49	22	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	4.74	32	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	4.78	7	1	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	1.98	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
kaliotoxin kaliotoxin: peptidyl inhibitor of neuronal BK-type calcium-activated K+ channels from Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus venom; MW 4 kDa; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.13	1	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	3.09	5	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
3-iodothyroacetic acid 3-iodothyroacetic acid: a thyroid hormone metabolite; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	3.45	8	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	4.35	6	0
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.	4.3	6	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	2.08	1	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	1.95	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	13.92	59	2
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	1.98	1	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	3.21	6	0
sermorelin Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH).	1.98	1	0
5-oxo-pro-his-trp-ser-tyr-gly-trp-leu-pro-glynh2 5-oxo-pro-his-trp-ser-tyr-gly-trp-leu-pro-glynh2: sGnRHa derivative from salmon	1.98	1	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.69	3	0
lysergic acid lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.	1.94	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.71	10	0
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	5.95	21	0
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.	1.96	1	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	3.63	3	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	1.95	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	2.87	4	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.25	1	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	4.05	3	1
technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin [no description available]	2.4	2	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	2.02	1	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.75	3	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.9	13	0
l 649923 L 649923: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source; leukotriene D4 antagonist	1.97	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.13	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.22	6	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	4.75	7	1
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	4.08	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	6.13	3	1	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	5.93	34	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	4.36	4	1	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.48	8	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.87	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	5.09	5	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	3.08	5	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	2.01	1	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	9.14	50	3	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.4	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
neopterin [no description available]	2.68	3	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	9.51	22	2	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	6.61	9	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	3.59	2	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	3.59	2	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	4.36	6	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	3.6	2	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	3.87	3	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	10.93	7	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.4	2	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	2.03	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	3.23	1	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	5.2	15	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	1.94	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	3.59	2	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	2.37	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifapentine rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin	3.23	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-iminopiperazine; rifamycins	antitubercular agent; leprostatic drug
8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	purine nucleoside
alanosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	3.23	1	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	3.1	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; phosphoramide; triazoles	antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; prodrug
rifabutin [no description available]	3.59	2	0
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.69	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	8.33	7	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.98	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	5.66	6	1	guanosines	biomarker
febantel febantel: structure	2.06	1	0	aryl sulfide
8-bromoguanosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	purine nucleoside
carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	1.96	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.15	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
levomefolate calcium levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.23	1	0	organic calcium salt	antidepressant
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.11	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	12.32	68	3
eye [no description available]	6.5	46	1
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.06	5	0
bim 23a760 TBR-760: has antineoplastic activity	2.07	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	4.12	16	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.66	3	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	3.26	6	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	1.95	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	3.34	7	0
1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin d3 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3: RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	1.95	1	0
galanin-like peptide Galanin-Like Peptide: A neuropeptide that is highly homologous to GALANIN. It is produced by proteolytic processing of a larger protein that is unrelated to prepro-galanin and preferentially binds to GALANIN-2 RECEPTOR.	2.02	1	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	6.99	1	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	15.29	214	13
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	3.23	6	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	2.07	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	4.1	3	1
benzyl isothiocyanate benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma	2.17	1	0	benzenes; isothiocyanate	antibacterial drug
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.17	1	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.17	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.46	2	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	1.96	1	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
chlorphenesin Chlorphenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203). chlorphenesin : Glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections. Its 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.	1.95	1	0	glycol; monochlorobenzenes; propane-1,2-diols	antibacterial drug; antifungal drug; muscle relaxant
pontamine sky blue [no description available]	2.17	1	0
3,3',5'-triiodothyronine [no description available]	3.46	2	0	iodothyronine	human metabolite
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.96	1	0	hexachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
kc 400 KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	ketoimine; quinone imine
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; hydroxybiphenyls
4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl: do not confuse with the tetrachlorinated compound, also known as 4-OH-TCB (see 4-OH-TCB (tetra))	1.96	1	0	biphenyls; trichlorobenzene
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	biphenyls; tetrachlorobenzene
3,5-diiodothyronine 3,5-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.45	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
iguratimod iguratimod: an immunosuppressive agent	2.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.	2.17	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
epoxyazadiradione epoxyazadiradione: limonoid from neem tree Azadirachta indica; RN given for (5alpha,7alpha,13alpha,14beta,15beta,17alpha)-isomer; structure in first source. epoxyazadiradione : A limonoid that is azadiradione with an epoxy group across positions 14 and 15. Isolated from Azadirachta indica it exhibits insecticidal activitry against mosquitoes.	2.17	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; epoxide; furans; limonoid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; insecticide; plant metabolite

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	0	4.27	7	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	11.97	157	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	16.97	157	2
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	5.26	19	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	5.26	19	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	6.24	34	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	6.24	34	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	0	4.03	3	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	10.07	27	2
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	10.07	27	2
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	4.3	4	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	12.8	379	2
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.66	2	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1	27.81	3,599	82
Cretinism [description not available]	0	21.93	1,151	35
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	1	23.93	1,151	35
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	30.29	8,244	419
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	1	32.29	8,244	419
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	16.11	260	14
Preterm Birth [description not available]	0	12.42	70	2
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	21.66	867	27
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	0	12.42	70	2
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	7.4	22	1
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	25.74	4,040	133
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	25.74	4,040	133
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	7.4	22	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	14.03	152	3
Neonatal Death The death of a live-born INFANT less than 28 days of age.	0	2.31	1	0
Fetal Distress A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.	0	3.15	5	0
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage [description not available]	0	5.64	13	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	0	7.56	18	1
Postpartum Hemorrhage Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).	0	5.64	13	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	0	7.56	18	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	9.55	56	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	18.59	399	27
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	13.46	116	4
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	23.22	346	24
Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.	0	18.22	346	24
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	0	13.79	96	11
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Familial Gestational Spontaneous [description not available]	0	3.99	13	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	0	13.79	96	11
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	0	14.15	447	2
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.	0	3.99	13	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	12.41	212	10
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	11.75	71	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	11.75	71	4
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	3.99	14	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	3.99	14	0
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	0	15.81	90	16
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	15.64	212	17
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	0	12.53	89	4
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	10.67	67	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	22.55	1,274	77
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	10.67	67	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	15.64	212	17
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	22.55	1,274	77
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	12.53	89	4
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	0	20.65	1,054	58
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	20.06	701	36
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	9.61	64	1
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	5.83	12	2
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	5.83	12	2
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	8.06	34	1
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	22.97	1,822	48
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	8.06	34	1
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	7.23	21	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	10.57	26	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	10.57	26	0
High T4 Syndrome [description not available]	0	15.64	174	20
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	11.81	156	9
Euthyroid Sick Syndromes Conditions of abnormal THYROID HORMONES release in patients with apparently normal THYROID GLAND during severe systemic illness, physical TRAUMA, and psychiatric disturbances. It can be caused by the loss of endogenous hypothalamic input or by exogenous drug effects. The most common abnormality results in low T3 THYROID HORMONE with progressive decrease in THYROXINE; (T4) and TSH. Elevated T4 with normal T3 may be seen in diseases in which THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN synthesis and release are increased.	0	15.64	174	20
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	11.81	156	9
Psychoses [description not available]	0	8.11	55	1
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	8.11	55	1
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	0	11.51	58	3
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	9.15	17	3
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	9.15	17	3
Muscle Pain [description not available]	0	3.79	3	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	0	22.42	1,365	108
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	1	24.42	1,365	108
Myalgia Painful sensation in the muscles.	0	3.79	3	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	13.38	97	2
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	13.63	70	6
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	15.08	109	7
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	13.38	97	2
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	16.63	190	8
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	15.08	109	7
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	0	18.53	376	24
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	0	18.53	376	24
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	13.86	117	10
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	13.86	117	10
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	0	8.68	37	3
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	0	8.68	37	3
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	15.79	192	12
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	15.79	192	12
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	14.98	159	16
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	1	16.98	159	16
Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).	0	18.62	233	28
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	0	5.18	11	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	13.36	153	5
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	13.36	153	5
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	0	12.7	17	1
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	10.84	51	1
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available]	0	5.46	5	1
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	0	10.84	51	1
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	0	7.7	17	1
ADDH [description not available]	0	7.52	26	2
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	14.55	212	6
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	0	7.52	26	2
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	14.82	38	4
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	6.39	29	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	13.35	131	10
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	11.39	29	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	13.35	131	10
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	10.72	85	1
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	10.72	85	1
Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).	0	7.72	3	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	11.29	137	8
Brain Dead [description not available]	0	11.85	34	6
Pleurisy, Tuberculous [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	0	3.29	6	0
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone [description not available]	0	11.8	102	1
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	0	15.12	312	3
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	0	15.12	312	3
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	12.97	157	3
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	5.88	24	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	5.88	24	0
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	9.32	41	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	9.32	41	1
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	9.83	58	5
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	9.83	58	5
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	0	3.21	4	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	20.08	1,710	39
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	0	15.46	327	8
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	0	18.84	422	22
Post-partum Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	10.61	11	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	0	10	79	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	1	15.73	135	2
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	9.96	57	0
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available]	0	16.87	347	8
Ache [description not available]	0	8.36	33	1
Adolescent Coxa Vara [description not available]	0	3.99	4	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	0	9.96	57	0
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.	0	16.87	347	8
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	8.36	33	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	9.65	53	1
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	11.07	10	1
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	9.65	53	1
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.22	6	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	9.82	72	2
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	0	12.85	90	10
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	0	12.85	90	10
Leanness [description not available]	0	4.46	8	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	11.9	68	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	15.72	154	22
Thyroid Agenesis [description not available]	0	9.88	46	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	12.55	120	6
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	12.46	114	6
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	5.6	9	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	12.55	120	6
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	0	2.41	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	6.4	22	2
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	6.4	22	2
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Gestational Weight Gain Increase in body weight of the mother during the course of her PREGNANCY.	0	2.72	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	12.77	61	2
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	12.77	61	2
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	0	3.68	2	0
De Quervain Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	12.4	54	4
Thyroiditis, Subacute Spontaneously remitting inflammatory condition of the THYROID GLAND, characterized by FEVER; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; SORE THROAT; severe thyroid PAIN; and an enlarged damaged gland containing GIANT CELLS. The disease frequently follows a viral infection.	0	12.4	54	4
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	0	3.68	2	0
Aura [description not available]	0	9.35	60	4
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	9.35	60	4
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	8.05	122	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	3.67	9	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	3.67	9	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	0	6.07	10	3
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	0	6.07	10	3
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	6.06	21	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	11.06	21	0
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.	0	2.52	2	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	0	4.31	7	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	5.49	13	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	5.49	13	0
Germinoma A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)	0	3.75	3	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	0	9.01	55	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	7.78	47	0
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	0	12.01	47	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	0	9.01	55	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	7.78	47	0
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	0	12.01	47	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	6.96	13	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	10.11	91	4
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	6.96	13	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	10.11	91	4
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	0	7.51	30	1
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	0	7.51	30	1
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	9.21	103	0
Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy [description not available]	0	7.41	1	0
Vestibular Neuronitis Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)	0	2.41	1	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.2	6	0
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	0	4.2	6	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	4.01	13	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	4.01	13	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	4.1	16	0
Addison's Disease [description not available]	0	8.59	51	1
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.	0	8.59	51	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	17.78	814	13
Albright Syndrome [description not available]	0	8.1	5	0
Crisis, Thyrotoxic [description not available]	0	9.55	84	1
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.	0	3.1	5	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	10.12	35	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	10.12	35	1
Alactasia [description not available]	0	6.38	8	1
Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.	0	6.38	8	1
Placental Abruption [description not available]	0	4.8	6	0
Abruptio Placentae Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.	0	4.8	6	0
IgA Vasculitis A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.	0	2.41	1	0
Congestive Ophthalmopathy [description not available]	0	9.9	52	2
Graves Ophthalmopathy An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.	0	9.9	52	2
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	8.64	51	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	13.64	51	1
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	0	4.61	6	1
Abortion, Recurrent [description not available]	0	8.48	24	2
Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.	0	8.48	24	2
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	12.87	81	7
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	12.87	81	7
Hypomania [description not available]	0	5.31	3	1
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	10.08	165	1
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	10.08	165	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	12.1	50	5
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	11.78	110	7
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	11.78	110	7
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	12.1	50	5
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	4.17	5	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	0	3.25	5	0
Debility [description not available]	0	4.45	16	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	9.36	112	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	9.36	112	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	0	3.25	5	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	8.73	107	1
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	20.16	125	10
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	15.16	125	10
Embryopathies [description not available]	0	10.51	122	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	5.04	16	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	5.04	16	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	13.1	122	3
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	13.1	122	3
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	11.26	93	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	11.26	93	1
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	11.15	166	3
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	0	2.38	2	0
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome A tick-borne infection with SEVERE FEVER WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA SYNDROME BUNYAVIRUS of the genus Phlebovirus. It is associated with fever, THROMBOCYTOPENIA; LEUKOCYTOPENIA, and multiorgan dysfunction. It is found in parts of Asia including China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam and can be transmitted from infected domestic animals and humans.	0	2.41	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	7.64	29	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	12	133	7
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	7.64	29	1
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	4.53	5	1
Dysgeusia A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.	0	2.4	2	0
Lassitude [description not available]	0	13.91	92	18
chronic COVID syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	13.91	92	18
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	0	3.68	10	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	0	3.68	10	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	15.32	225	8
AIRE Deficiency [description not available]	0	5.79	32	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	15.32	225	8
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	0	4.63	5	1
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	0	9.63	5	1
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	4.96	9	1
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	2.89	3	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	4.78	7	1
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	4.78	7	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	15.19	181	11
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	15.19	181	11
Atheroma [description not available]	0	3.46	2	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	8.99	43	1
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	0	3.8	11	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	0	8.8	11	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	3.84	12	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	3.84	12	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	8.25	29	0
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.96	4	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	8.25	29	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	0	3.96	4	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	4.18	3	1
Pemphigoid [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.	0	2.41	1	0
Serum Sickness Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses.	0	2.41	1	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	0	4.82	12	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	7.93	76	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	0	4.82	12	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	7.93	76	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	8.2	19	2
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	8.2	19	2
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	17.9	53	9
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	0	5.42	14	1
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	0	5.42	14	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	14.08	320	5
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	14.08	320	5
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	10.93	81	6
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	7.86	44	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	12.86	44	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	5.46	15	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	5.46	15	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	6.24	25	0
Environmental Hypersensitivities [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	6.24	25	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	8.42	16	2
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	8.42	16	2
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	9.14	25	2
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	9.14	25	2
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	8.07	21	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	3.14	5	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	4.19	6	0
Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.	0	2.41	1	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	0	7.74	26	7
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	0	7.74	26	7
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	4.4	6	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	4.4	6	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	7.6	41	4
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	7.6	41	4
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.52	9	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	4.29	3	1
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	4.52	9	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	4.29	3	1
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	2.39	2	0
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	0	7.75	20	1
Diathesis [description not available]	0	7.2	22	1
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	8.26	66	5
Sinus Tachycardia [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	8.26	66	5
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	0	10.1	67	1
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available]	0	7.13	32	0
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	0	7.27	54	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	13.33	185	4
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	0	10.1	67	1
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.	0	7.13	32	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	0	7.27	54	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	13.33	185	4
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	14.69	141	10
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	14.69	141	10
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	14.19	146	6
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	14.19	146	6
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	7.85	24	2
Endemic Goiter [description not available]	0	16.19	221	29
Chylopericardium [description not available]	0	5.16	46	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	0	5.16	46	0
Hydramnios [description not available]	0	9.88	13	0
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	7.25	28	4
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	0	2.41	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	7.25	28	4
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	0	8.14	20	1
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	0	6.85	24	0
Mental Retardation, X-Linked A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).	0	6.7	19	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	0	6.85	24	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	0	2.45	2	0
Blue-Eared Pig Disease [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	5.55	17	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	8.13	44	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	0	4.65	26	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	7.52	30	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	7.52	30	0
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available]	0	5.03	9	0
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	0	5.03	9	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	15.62	226	12
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	0	14.12	96	3
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	0	14.12	96	3
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	3.15	5	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	4.98	40	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	4.98	40	0
Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available]	0	10.37	128	1
Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.	0	10.37	128	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	5.28	21	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	5.28	21	0
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	0	7.41	1	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	5.24	19	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	5.24	19	0
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	0	4.19	5	0
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	4.19	5	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	0	4.36	6	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	9.6	43	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	9.6	43	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	10.19	42	2
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	11.64	119	4
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	16.64	119	4
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	10.19	42	2
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	4.55	24	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	9.56	35	3
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	4.55	24	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	0	9.56	35	3
Emesis [description not available]	0	4.26	18	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	13.91	107	12
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	6.51	9	2
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	4.26	18	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	13.91	107	12
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	5.36	13	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	5.36	13	1
Marasmus [description not available]	0	7.79	30	1
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	0	7.79	30	1
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	7.77	23	3
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	7.77	23	3
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	0	5.38	22	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	5.37	22	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	5.37	22	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	4.64	27	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	4.64	27	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	2.8	3	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	8.22	148	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	7.86	30	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	7.86	30	1
Hyperthyroxinemia Abnormally elevated THYROXINE level in the BLOOD.	0	10.55	92	2
Abnormalities, Digestive System [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	6.68	55	0
Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.96	9	1
Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)	0	10.96	9	1
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	6.65	7	1
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	6.65	7	1
Autoimmune Urticaria [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Hives [description not available]	0	8.62	26	3
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	0	8.62	26	3
Fetal Macrosomia A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.	0	5.14	8	0
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	0	3.65	3	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	7.88	23	2
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	7.88	23	2
Deficiency, Yin [description not available]	0	4.03	14	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	7.71	22	1
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	7.15	21	1
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	7.71	22	1
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	2.88	4	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	7.15	21	1
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	2.72	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	9.44	67	1
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	0	3.39	7	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	15.76	30	5
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	10.76	30	5
Impotence [description not available]	0	5.05	16	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	0	10.05	16	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	8.85	33	3
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	0	4.66	6	0
Adult Rickets [description not available]	0	3.99	5	0
Fractures, Multiple Injuries involving the breaking of either several bones or one bone in two or more places.	0	2.6	1	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	8.85	33	3
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.	0	3.99	5	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	4.65	6	1
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	4.65	6	1
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	3.01	2	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	7.1	17	2
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	7.78	25	3
Hypophysitis Inflammation of the PITUITARY GLAND.	0	2.82	2	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	7.1	17	2
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	7.78	25	3
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	0	4.8	3	2
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	5.13	11	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	5.13	11	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	8.11	34	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	8.11	34	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	8.94	42	6
Acute Idiopathic Facial Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	0	3.88	4	0
Bell Palsy A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)	0	2.6	1	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	0	2.49	2	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.64	3	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	0	3.64	3	0
Cardiac Conduction Defect [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	0	3.01	3	0
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	0	3.01	3	0
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	0	13.29	15	1
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	0	8.29	15	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	10.41	37	2
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	10.41	37	2
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	0	5.2	7	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	5.55	16	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	0	5.04	16	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	0	5.04	16	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	5.55	16	1
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	0	7.53	42	0
Crush Syndrome Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing. It leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells. Ischemic renal dysfunction secondary to hypotension and diminished renal perfusion results in acute tubular necrosis and uremia.	0	3.34	2	0
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available]	0	4.25	6	0
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.	0	4.25	6	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	7.7	3	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	5.89	39	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	5.89	39	0
Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia [description not available]	0	4.08	13	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	8.18	44	1
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	13.18	44	1
Gelineau Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.13	5	0
Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)	0	8.13	5	0
Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available]	0	9.31	30	3
Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available]	0	9.42	25	4
Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)	0	9.31	30	3
Opium Abuse [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.	0	9.36	44	4
Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.	0	14.36	44	4
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	11.95	78	6
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	4.84	34	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	0	5.42	13	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	5.58	28	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.58	28	0
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	0	5.42	13	1
Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.	0	3.39	7	0
Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.	0	3.39	7	0
Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction Functional obstruction of the COLON leading to MEGACOLON in the absence of obvious COLONIC DISEASES or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.	0	2.43	2	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	5.79	35	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	10.08	37	5
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	10.08	37	5
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	5.76	21	1
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	5.76	21	1
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	3.57	8	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	3.57	8	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	5.48	15	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	5.48	15	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	10.06	52	2
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	10.06	52	2
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).	0	2.25	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	6.66	23	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	8.01	4	0
Non-communicable Chronic Diseases [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	13.91	79	9
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	0	14.23	69	9
Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	0	14.23	69	9
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	8.01	28	2
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	8.01	28	2
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	17.78	283	44
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Galactorrhea Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.	0	10.59	29	0
Anti-PIT-1 Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.29	6	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.72	86	0
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available]	0	4.22	6	0
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.	0	4.22	6	0
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	0	3.66	10	0
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	0	3.66	10	0
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	8.8	53	1
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	0	5.42	22	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.37	8	2
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	0	6.37	8	2
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	0	5.42	22	0
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	8.79	55	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	8.79	55	0
Devic Disease [description not available]	0	3.41	2	0
Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.	0	3.41	2	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	12.55	80	4
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	8.53	8	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	12.55	80	4
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	3.53	8	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	3.6	9	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	3.6	9	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	8.88	56	1
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	0	8.11	35	1
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	0	8.11	35	1
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Agranulocytosis, Feline [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	5.38	22	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	5.38	22	0
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1.5 [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Autoimmune diabetes in adults with slowly progressive PANCREATIC BETA CELL failure and the presence of circulating autoantibodies to PANCREATIC ISLETS cell antigens.	0	2.25	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	4.9	2	1
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	2.69	3	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	5.4	23	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	4.98	39	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.4	23	0
Leg Dermatoses A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.74	10	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	2.41	2	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	0	4.55	9	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	0	5.07	16	0
Lingual Thyroid A condition characterized by the presence of rudimentary THYROID tissue at the base of the TONGUE. It is due to failed embryonic development and migration of thyroid tissue to its normal location. The lingual thyroid usually cannot maintain adequate hormone production thereby resulting in HYPOTHYROIDISM.	0	4.37	19	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	5.07	16	0
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	0	6.75	36	0
Cyst [description not available]	0	12.61	31	2
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	8.76	43	1
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	6.61	7	1
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	8.76	43	1
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	9.93	14	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	0	6.61	7	1
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	2.25	1	0
Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.	0	3.89	4	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	3.86	12	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	4.58	10	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	3.86	12	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	4.58	10	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	8.08	5	0
Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.	0	2.25	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	7.79	67	0
Suffocation [description not available]	0	3.48	8	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	7.79	67	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	0	3.48	8	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	5.21	19	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	0	2.25	1	0
Anterior Compartment Syndrome Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION.	0	3.96	4	0
Hemoglobinuria The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.	0	2.25	1	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	0	15.26	153	18
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	0	15.26	153	18
Autism [description not available]	0	6.1	11	1
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	6.1	11	1
Alcaptonuria [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Alkaptonuria An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.	0	2.38	2	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	12.47	16	2
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	7.47	16	2
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	6.43	16	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	6.43	16	1
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	2.99	4	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	5.78	15	0
Pycnodysostosis Rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by delayed closing of CRANIAL SUTURES, short stature, ACRO-OSTEOLYSIS of distal phalanges, dental and MAXILLOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES and an increase in bone density that results in frequent BONE FRACTURES. It is associated with BONE RESORPTION defect due to mutations in the lysosomal cysteine protease CATHEPSIN K.	0	2.25	1	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	0	2.25	1	0
Pyuria The presence of white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) in the urine. It is often associated with bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyuria without BACTERIURIA can be caused by TUBERCULOSIS, stones, or cancer.	0	2.25	1	0
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy [description not available]	0	7.48	34	0
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.	0	7.48	34	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	4.69	11	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	9.69	11	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	5.77	6	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	5.77	6	1
Cockayne-Touraine Disease [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.	0	2.25	1	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	5.18	18	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	5.18	18	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	0	2.53	2	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	0	6.81	24	1
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.	0	2.68	3	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	3.08	5	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	0	14.32	131	11
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	0	14.32	131	11
Lung Injury, Ventilator-Induced [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	7.23	14	1
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	7.23	14	1
Genital Infantilism [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	8.11	5	0
Panic Attacks [description not available]	0	4.33	7	0
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	0	4.33	7	0
Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.93	15	0
Apoplexy, Pituitary [description not available]	0	6.55	17	1
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.	0	6.93	15	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	7.15	6	1
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	5.47	4	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	7.15	6	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	10.73	36	2
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	6.66	38	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	6.66	38	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	6.36	21	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	6.36	21	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	4	14	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	4	14	0
Central Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	6.35	14	0
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).	0	6.35	14	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	7.78	3	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	7.78	3	0
Benign Monoclonal Gammopathies [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Encephalitis Infection [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Lichen Myxedematosus [description not available]	0	3.4	2	0
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	0	5.09	9	1
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	0	5.09	9	1
Malignant Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.	0	2.39	2	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	6.25	35	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	4.43	22	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	0	7.69	17	4
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	0	7.69	17	4
Congenital Epulides [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	0	2.25	1	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	0	3.1	5	0
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	0	4.57	9	0
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	0	4.57	9	0
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	0	4.07	2	1
Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	0	3.64	1	1
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	4.07	2	1
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction A myocardial infarction that does not produce elevations in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. ST segment elevation of the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction).	0	3.64	1	1
Drug Refractory Epilepsy [description not available]	0	3.16	4	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	0	3.35	2	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	0	3.73	3	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	2.72	2	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	0	3.73	3	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	4.05	13	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	4.05	13	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	10.9	104	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	10.9	104	1
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	3.17	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	7.29	27	0
Asymptomatic Colonization [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Palsy [description not available]	0	5.02	16	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	10.02	16	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	0	2.39	2	0
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.33	9	0
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.	0	2.75	3	0
Gonadal Disorders Pathological processes of the OVARIES or the TESTES.	0	3.85	2	1
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	0	2.59	2	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Undiagnosed Diseases Rare and common diseases lacking a diagnosis.	0	2.25	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	6.35	15	1
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	6.35	15	1
Amentia [description not available]	0	8.26	30	1
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	0	8.26	30	1
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	0	4.74	6	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	0	2.52	2	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	0	2.52	2	0
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	0	4.74	6	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	0	3.39	7	0
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	5.94	18	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	2.48	2	0
Asialia [description not available]	0	4.38	4	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	5.94	18	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	4.38	4	1
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	0	3.39	7	0
Gingival Overgrowth Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)	0	2.25	1	0
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Hepatic Infarct [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	2.71	3	0
Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)	0	2.31	1	0
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Epilepsy Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Epileptic Syndromes EPILEPTIC SEIZURES that are of similar type and age of onset and have other similar features (e.g., clinical course, EEG findings, genetic association and neuropathology).	0	2.31	1	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	0	2.45	2	0
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome A childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome.	0	2.31	1	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Vascular Malformations A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.	0	2.86	3	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	3.85	12	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	3.85	12	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	3.04	5	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	0	2.95	4	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	0	7.3	8	2
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	0	7.3	8	2
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.34	4	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	4.34	4	0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	0	3.23	1	0
Hyperdactyly [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; POLYDACTYLY; OBESITY; MENTAL RETARDATION; hypogenitalism; renal dysplasia; and short stature. This syndrome has been distinguished as a separate entity from LAURENCE-MOON SYNDROME. (From J Med Genet 1997 Feb;34(2):92-8)	0	2.31	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	0	8.31	40	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	2.31	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	3.59	9	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	2.31	1	0
Endothelioma, Lymphatic [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Lymphangioma A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component.	0	2.31	1	0
Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	8.06	13	3
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	0	11.21	74	5
Eye Pain A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.	0	4.18	3	1
Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.	0	5.29	12	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	4.71	6	1
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	17.19	48	2
Gastric Stasis [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	3.36	2	0
Stillbirth The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.	0	3.61	8	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	0	8.44	22	1
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available]	0	3.62	9	0
Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.	0	3.62	9	0
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	0	3.11	5	0
Maternal Obesity [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	7.43	15	1
Central Pontine Myelinolysis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	0	2.4	2	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Teratogenesis The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.	0	3.33	7	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	2.55	2	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	0	2.55	2	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	4.78	12	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	9.78	12	0
Medically Unexplained Symptoms Persistent health symptoms which remain unexplained after a complete medical evaluation. A cluster of symptoms that consistently appear together but without a known cause are referred to as a MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYNDROME (MUS).	0	3.52	1	0
Child Mental Disorders [description not available]	0	5.38	8	0
Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).	0	5.38	8	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	6.55	26	2
Disorder, Borderline Personality [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Borderline Personality Disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)	0	2.94	4	0
Bilateral Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available]	0	3.67	3	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.	0	3.67	3	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.53	26	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	0	8.94	24	1
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	0	5.77	15	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	0	5.78	11	0
Acromegaly Due To Pituitary Adenoma [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	0	5.65	18	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	0	6.42	22	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	0	3.22	6	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	2.68	3	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	0	3.22	6	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	8.24	6	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	8.24	6	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	5.56	17	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	5.56	17	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	6.43	30	0
Struma Ovarii A rare teratoid tumor of the ovary composed almost entirely of thyroid tissue, with large follicles containing abundant colloid. Occasionally there are symptoms of hyperthyroidism. 5-10% of struma ovarii become malignant, the only absolute criterion for which is the presence of metastasis. (Dorland, 27th ed; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	5.45	15	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	6.43	30	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	4.11	16	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	4.11	16	0
Acrania [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	3.63	3	0
Acne [description not available]	0	3.62	9	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	3.62	9	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	7.88	24	1
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	0	3.08	5	0
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available]	0	11.32	82	1
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.	0	11.32	82	1
Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.	0	3.61	8	0
Headache, Tension [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2.17	1	0
Post-operative Vasoplegic Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Cystadenoma A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.9	4	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	0	4.29	4	1
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	0	4.29	4	1
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	0	3.85	4	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	5.99	3	1
Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available]	0	5.71	20	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	3.89	4	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	7.73	22	1
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	0	3.85	4	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	5.99	3	1
Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.	0	5.71	20	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	3.57	9	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	0	3.57	9	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	0	4.33	4	1
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	0	4.33	4	1
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	0	4.47	8	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	0	4.47	8	0
Glossalgia Painful sensations in the tongue, including a sensation of burning.	0	2.15	1	0
Neglected Diseases Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).	0	3.06	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	0	5	3	1
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	2.55	2	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	0	2.52	2	0
Acquired Neuromyotonia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Congenital Stiff-Man Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Stiff-Person Syndrome A condition characterized by persistent spasms (SPASM) involving multiple muscles, primarily in the lower limbs and trunk. The illness tends to occur in the fourth to sixth decade of life, presenting with intermittent spasms that become continuous. Minor sensory stimuli, such as noise and light touch, precipitate severe spasms. Spasms do not occur during sleep and only rarely involve cranial muscles. Respiration may become impaired in advanced cases. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1492; Neurology 1998 Jul;51(1):85-93)	0	3.36	2	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	8.91	39	4
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	8.91	39	4
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.14	6	0
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.	0	2.15	1	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	0	2.41	2	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	0	4.14	6	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	8.46	33	2
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.	0	2.15	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	13.46	33	2
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.	0	3.16	5	0
Bleeding [description not available]	0	13.5	24	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	13.5	24	1
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	5.87	3	1
Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.	0	3.35	2	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	10.03	30	2
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	0	6.76	27	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	15.03	30	2
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	6.22	12	0
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Azotaemia [description not available]	0	8.49	7	0
48,XXYY Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.67	10	0
Klinefelter Syndrome A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).	0	3.67	10	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	10.25	114	1
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	0	3.95	13	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	8.18	46	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Erythermalgia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Erythromelalgia A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.	0	2.15	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	8.18	46	0
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.	0	2.52	2	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Daytime Sleepiness [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	6.63	20	1
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)	0	2.95	4	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	6.63	20	1
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	0	2.77	3	0
Extrasystole, Ventricular [description not available]	0	5.45	5	1
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	0	4.88	2	1
Anasarca [description not available]	0	6.78	44	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	6.78	44	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	0	4.88	2	1
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	0	2.41	2	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	6.76	13	1
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	6.76	13	1
Brachmann-De Lange Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
De Lange Syndrome A syndrome characterized by growth retardation, severe MENTAL RETARDATION, short stature, a low-pitched growling cry, brachycephaly, low-set ears, webbed neck, carp mouth, depressed nasal bridge, bushy eyebrows meeting at the midline, hirsutism, and malformations of the hands. The condition may occur sporadically or be associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance or duplication of the long arm of chromosome 3. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p231)	0	2.15	1	0
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	0	4.73	6	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	3.77	11	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	3.77	11	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	12.45	17	3
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	7.45	17	3
Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Keratoconus A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.96	9	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	2.71	3	0
CACH Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Histiocytosis, Sinus Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.	0	2.72	3	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	13.47	149	9
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	13.47	149	9
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	7.46	27	2
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	7.46	27	2
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	7.85	54	4
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	8.8	45	3
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	0	3.35	7	0
As If Personality [description not available]	0	4.61	6	1
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	5.41	24	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	5.41	24	0
Adenopathy [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	3.33	7	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	9.06	32	3
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	9.06	32	3
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn [description not available]	0	7.57	2	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	2.58	2	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	0	6.07	10	1
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	0	6.07	10	1
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	6.69	11	2
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	6.69	11	2
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	0	10.29	71	1
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	0	10.29	71	1
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	3.1	5	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	0	3.1	5	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	0	3.53	8	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	0	3.53	8	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	4.9	13	0
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	3.23	6	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	0	3.84	4	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	11.41	23	2
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	4.2	6	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	11.98	61	3
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	0	7.36	52	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	4.68	11	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	4.68	11	0
Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.	0	3.63	3	0
Delayed Puberty [description not available]	0	4.89	8	1
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	0	2.17	1	0
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	0	3.12	5	0
Lichen Planus, Oral Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)	0	3.03	4	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus.	0	2.7	3	0
Empty Sella Syndrome A condition when the SELLA TURCICA is not filled with pituitary tissue. The pituitary gland is either compressed, atrophied, or removed. There are two types: (1) primary empty sella is due a defect in the sella diaphragm leading to arachnoid herniation into the sellar space; (2) secondary empty sella is associated with the removal or treatment of PITUITARY NEOPLASMS.	0	5.35	22	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	7.35	78	0
Pre-Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	4.5	9	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	3.48	8	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	9.5	9	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	8.48	8	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	3.22	6	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	9.64	25	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	3.22	6	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	9.64	25	1
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	3.98	5	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.46	2	0
Immune Reconstitution Disease [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	2.17	1	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	4.03	5	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	0	2.71	3	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	0	2.17	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	0	3.03	4	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	0	4.75	11	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	0	4.75	11	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	4.27	7	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	0	4.39	8	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	0	4.91	8	1
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	10.71	7	1
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	5.97	9	1
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	5.97	9	1
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	9.94	56	8
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	9.94	56	8
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	4.1	16	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	0	3.09	5	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	9.1	16	0
Apnea, Central [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Central A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.	0	2.21	1	0
Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis [description not available]	0	3.09	1	0
Neonatal Sepsis Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life and most often appears within 24 hours of birth. Late-onset occurs after 1 week and before 3 months of age.	0	3.09	1	0
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	0	4.53	5	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	4.75	7	0
Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.	0	7.17	1	0
Calcification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Dystocia Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.	0	2.17	1	0
Diastolic Heart Failure [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Heart Failure, Diastolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial relaxation during DIASTOLE leading to defective cardiac filling.	0	3.12	1	0
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	0	2.21	1	0
Meningitis, Viral Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)	0	2.21	1	0
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.	0	2.21	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	3.16	5	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	0	4.99	3	1
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	0	2.47	2	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	0	2.68	3	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	0	2.48	2	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	5.14	18	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	5.14	18	0
Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.	0	3.86	12	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	13.1	41	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	8.1	41	1
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	0	4.04	5	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	0	4.04	5	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	0	6.51	17	1
Dandy-Walker Complex [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.86	12	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Intra-Abdominal Infections [description not available]	0	3.09	1	0
Intraabdominal Infections Infection within the PERITONEAL CAVITY. A frequent cause is an ANASTOMOTIC LEAK following surgery.	0	3.09	1	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.48	8	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	11.17	64	5
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	0	11.17	64	5
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	6.55	48	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	0	3.81	10	0
Familial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	0	4.38	19	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	0	3.81	10	0
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis An autosomal dominant familial disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with falls in serum potassium levels. The condition usually presents in the first or second decade of life with attacks of trunk and leg paresis during sleep or shortly after awakening. Symptoms may persist for hours to days and generally are precipitated by exercise or a meal high in carbohydrates. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1483)	0	4.38	19	0
Absence Status [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	0	8.51	8	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema [description not available]	0	4.51	1	1
Hand-Foot Syndrome Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.	0	4.51	1	1
TDP-43 Proteinopathies Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.	0	2.21	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	6.46	16	1
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	11.46	16	1
Icterus [description not available]	0	3.76	11	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	0	3.76	11	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	2.9	4	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	0	2.21	1	0
Systolic Heart Failure [description not available]	0	9.8	2	1
Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.	0	4.8	2	1
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	0	7.18	22	1
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	0	7.18	22	1
Anophthalmia [description not available]	0	3.45	2	0
Harelip [description not available]	0	8.21	6	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	0	8.21	6	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	0	2.88	4	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	0	5.87	17	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	0	5.87	17	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	3.32	2	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	0	2.81	3	0
Altidudinal Hemianopia [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Hypotension, Postural [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Hypotension, Orthostatic A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.	0	2.72	3	0
Cochlear Diseases Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).	0	2.73	3	0
Metabolically Benign Obesity [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Isolated Clinic Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Masked Hypertension Phenomenon where increased BLOOD PRESSURE readings taken in non-clinical settings (e.g., HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING) do not replicate in clinical settings.	0	2.21	1	0
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	0	3	4	0
Anomia A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)	0	2.21	1	0
Cross-Transfusion, Intrauterine [description not available]	0	3.04	4	0
Latent Tuberculosis The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.	0	2.21	1	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	3.58	8	0
Rheumatoid Nodule Subcutaneous nodules seen in 20-30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They may arise anywhere on the body, but are most frequently found over the bony prominences. The nodules are characterized histologically by dense areas of fibrinoid necrosis with basophilic streaks and granules, surrounded by a palisade of cells, mainly fibroblasts and histiocytes.	0	2.21	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	5.4	5	1
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	5.4	5	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	0	4.59	10	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	0	4.59	10	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	4.19	17	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	0	2.43	2	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	4.19	17	0
Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.	0	2.46	2	0
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	0	2.21	1	0
Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Castleman Disease Large benign, hyperplastic lymph nodes. The more common hyaline vascular subtype is characterized by small hyaline vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferations. Plasma cells are often present and represent another subtype with the plasma cells containing IgM and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.	0	2.44	2	0
Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome A reperfusion syndrome characterized by various pathophysiological processes after CARDIAC ARREST. It may include post-cardiac arrest brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN), cardiocirculatory dysfunction, (e.g., systemic ISCHEMIA), HYPERGLYCEMIA; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE and delayed death.	0	4.51	1	1
Cranial Nerve Diseases Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.	0	2.21	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	0	5.35	13	1
Thyroglossal Cyst A cyst in the neck caused by persistence of portions of, or by lack of closure of, the primitive thyroglossal duct. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.43	8	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	0	3.98	14	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	0	3.98	14	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	0	3.75	11	0
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	0	3.75	11	0
Ape Diseases Diseases of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.	0	2.45	2	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	0	7.47	14	4
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	0	7.47	14	4
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	0	2.21	1	0
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	0	2.72	3	0
Dysphonia Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.12	3	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	4.12	3	1
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Aganglionic Megacolon [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Hirschsprung Disease Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.	0	2.68	3	0
Tuberculosis, Endocrine Infection of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	2.47	2	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	2.43	2	0
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.	0	2.08	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	5.05	16	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	0	4.47	5	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Chromosomes, Ring [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Clubfeet [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	0	3.06	5	0
Birnaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.	0	3.82	2	1
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	0	3.47	1	1
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	5.57	17	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	5.01	9	1
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	0	4.32	7	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	5.01	9	1
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	0	2.08	1	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	0	4.32	7	0
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	0	2.08	1	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	0	16	80	52
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	2.52	2	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	0	2.08	1	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	0	10.39	69	4
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	0	10.39	69	4
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Acute Infectious Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	0	2.46	2	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.07	3	1
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	0	4.07	3	1
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	0	6.19	12	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	0	6.19	12	0
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	2.44	2	0
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	0	3.5	8	0
Polydipsia Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.	0	2.79	3	0
Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Fetal Malnutrition [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	0	2.71	3	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	0	2.4	2	0
Mastoiditis Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.	0	2.08	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	2.08	1	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	2.43	2	0
Black Fever [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	0	2.08	1	0
Kashin-Beck Disease Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology.	0	2.48	2	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	3.66	10	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	3.66	10	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	0	3.46	8	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	0	2.08	1	0
Adult Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available]	0	4.02	5	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	0	3.37	2	0
Agyria [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Factitious Disorders Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.	0	3.5	8	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	0	2.93	4	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	6.91	7	4
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	6.91	7	4
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	2.48	2	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	0	8.73	35	2
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	4.89	8	1
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	0	4.28	7	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	2.4	2	0
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.	0	3.12	5	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	3.47	8	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	0	2.49	2	0
Beuren Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.13	5	0
Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.	0	3.83	4	0
Deficiency, Yang [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	4.88	8	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	4.88	8	0
Cold Sore [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Herpes Labialis Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	2.08	1	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	4.89	4	2
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	4.89	4	2
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	5.77	15	0
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.	0	2.74	3	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	7.49	2	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	0	2.68	3	0
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Enophthalmos Recession of the eyeball into the orbit.	0	2.08	1	0
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	0	2.66	3	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	3.47	1	1
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	3.47	1	1
Atrial Remodeling Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.	0	3.01	4	0
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	0	3.23	6	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	3.11	5	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	7.82	32	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	11.34	15	0
Cancer of Jaw [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available]	0	5.09	17	0
Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.	0	5.09	17	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	0	6.91	16	1
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	0	2.43	2	0
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	5.17	6	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.	0	5.17	6	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	6.88	26	1
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	4.51	9	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	2.41	2	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	4.51	9	0
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	0	3.35	7	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	0	10.78	56	1
Aplasia Pure Red Cell [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	3.65	3	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	0	10.78	56	1
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.	0	3.01	1	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.65	3	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	0	3.35	2	0
Arnold-Chiari Deformity [description not available]	0	3.67	3	0
Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	0	3.61	3	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	0	3.61	3	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	4.95	15	0
Aseptic Meningitis [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	4.95	15	0
Meningitis, Aseptic A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)	0	3.01	1	0
Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.	0	2.1	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	5.83	8	1
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Itching [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Granulomatosis, Lipid [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	0	2.1	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	2.51	2	0
Erdheim-Chester Disease A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.	0	2.1	1	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	0	3.12	5	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	0	2.9	4	0
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	0	2.67	3	0
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	0	3.01	1	0
Macroglossia The presence of an excessively large tongue, which may be congenital or may develop as a result of a tumor or edema due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels, or it may occur in association with hyperpituitarism or acromegaly. It also may be associated with malocclusion because of pressure of the tongue on the teeth. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)	0	2.71	3	0
MODS [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	2.93	4	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	0	8.59	9	0
Aortitis Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	0	4.47	5	1
Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.	0	2.1	1	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	7.95	4	0
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Reticulocytosis An increase in circulating RETICULOCYTES, which is among the simplest and most reliable signs of accelerated ERYTHROCYTE production. Reticulocytosis occurs during active BLOOD regeneration (stimulation of red bone marrow) and in certain types of ANEMIA, particularly CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.	0	7.34	2	0
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	0	6.25	36	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	0	3.74	11	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	0	3.83	4	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	0	3.83	4	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	5.03	15	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	0	5.03	15	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	0	8.84	13	4
Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Sporotrichosis The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound with SPOROTHRIX.	0	2.1	1	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	0	2.1	1	0
Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	6.8	13	2
Encephalitis, Limbic [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.82	13	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	0	4.39	8	0
Cramp [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	0	4.28	7	0
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	0	2.89	4	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	0	4.28	7	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	0	2.9	4	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	0	2.77	3	0
Nevoxanthoendothelioma [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available]	0	3.3	6	0
Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	2.1	1	0
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	0	3.3	6	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	9.82	73	3
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	9.82	73	3
Bone Diseases, Developmental Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.	0	4.14	6	0
Agyria-Pachygyria-Band Spectrum [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
De Morsier Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia 1 [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Congenital Hyperinsulinism A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).	0	3.48	1	1
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	0	4.14	6	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	0	4.14	6	0
Macrocephaly [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Aprosodia [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Apraxia of Gait [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	0	2.46	2	0
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Contusion [description not available]	0	7.32	10	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	0	4.46	8	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	0	4.46	8	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	0	2.79	3	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	2.13	1	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	0	4.11	3	0
Fibrosis, Inflammatory Perianeurysmal [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis A slowly progressive condition of unknown etiology, characterized by deposition of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space compressing the ureters, great vessels, bile duct, and other structures. When associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, it may be called chronic periaortitis or inflammatory perianeurysmal fibrosis.	0	2.44	2	0
Mouth Breathing Abnormal breathing through the mouth, usually associated with obstructive disorders of the nasal passages.	0	3.4	2	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	0	2.1	1	0
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available]	0	6.49	9	0
Morning Sickness Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.	0	2.1	1	0
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)	0	6.49	9	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	4.61	6	1
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	0	2.92	4	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	0	4.41	8	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	0	4.41	8	0
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Choked Disk [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	0	3.09	5	0
Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.	0	7.95	4	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	0	2.78	3	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	0	3.73	10	0
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	2.1	1	0
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	0	2.11	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	0	7.45	21	1
Oligohydramnios A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY.	0	2.1	1	0
Infection [description not available]	0	6.45	20	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	6.45	20	0
Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.	0	2.1	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	0	3.48	8	0
Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.	0	3.7	3	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	0	3.48	8	0
Edema, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	2.11	1	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	0	2.1	1	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Hoarseness An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.	0	2.43	2	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	2.67	3	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	0	2.92	4	0
Parathyroid Disorders [description not available]	0	5.7	11	0
Parathyroid Diseases Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.	0	5.7	11	0
Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.	0	2.1	1	0
Adenitis, Salivary Gland [description not available]	0	3.87	2	1
Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)	0	3.37	2	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	0	4.61	10	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	2.11	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.	0	2.7	3	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	0	4.61	10	0
Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	0	2.11	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	4.26	19	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	4.26	19	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	5.08	10	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	5.08	10	1
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	4.51	9	0
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	0	4.51	9	0
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Occurrence of heart arrest in an individual when there is no immediate access to medical personnel or equipment.	0	2.11	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	0	2.73	3	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	8.43	22	1
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	8.43	22	1
Nanism [description not available]	0	8.41	78	1
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	0	13.41	78	1
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	2.7	3	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	2.43	2	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	5.92	18	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	0	5.62	18	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	0	5.79	12	2
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	0	7.4	2	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	0	4.41	8	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	0	4.41	8	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	3.09	5	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	0	2.81	3	0
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	3.69	3	0
CKD-MBD [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.	0	3.03	1	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.	0	3.69	3	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Bigfoot Disease [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Atrial Ectopic Beats [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	3.89	4	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	0	3.89	4	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	0	2.11	1	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	0	8.41	36	1
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	0	8.41	36	1
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.76	12	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	0	10.69	7	1
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	0	4.52	3	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	0	4.52	3	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	6.43	31	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	2.92	4	0
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	0	3.23	6	0
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	5.51	27	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Injuries, Prenatal [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Type 3 Von Willebrand's Disease [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	0	3.64	3	0
Angiogranuloma [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	4	5	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	4	5	0
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	0	4.16	6	0
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	0	4.16	6	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	4.73	7	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	3.58	3	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	3.69	3	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	9.73	7	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	3.58	3	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	3.69	3	0
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	0	2.11	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	0	2.11	1	0
Nephrosis, Lipoid A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	2.68	3	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia [description not available]	0	5.05	10	1
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.	0	5.05	10	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	7.46	30	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	7.46	30	1
Capgras Syndrome A psychotic disorder characterized by the patient's belief that acquaintances or closely related persons have been replaced by doubles or imposters.	0	7.78	3	0
Hakim Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)	0	2.11	1	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	0	3.77	11	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	0	3.77	11	0
Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.	0	2.11	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Erythroderma, Sezary [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	0	3.39	2	0
Sezary Syndrome A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells).	0	2.48	2	0
Foot Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.	0	2.11	1	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	0	2.68	3	0
Broad Thumb-Hallux Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Hand Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand.	0	2.11	1	0
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome A chromosomal disorder characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION, broad thumbs, webbing of fingers and toes, beaked nose, short upper lip, pouting lower lip, agenesis of corpus callosum, large foramen magnum, keloid formation, pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies, chest wall anomalies, sleep apnea, and megacolon. The disease has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is associated with deletions of the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.3).	0	2.43	2	0
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	0	2.13	1	0
Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.	0	2.13	1	0
Coma, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	2.48	2	0
Ambulation Difficulty [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	0	4.74	7	0
Child Malnutrition Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	2.92	4	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	5.24	12	1
Complete Breech [description not available]	0	6.36	8	1
Breech Presentation A malpresentation of the FETUS at near term or during OBSTETRIC LABOR with the fetal cephalic pole in the fundus of the UTERUS. There are three types of breech: the complete breech with flexed hips and knees; the incomplete breech with one or both hips partially or fully extended; the frank breech with flexed hips and extended knees.	0	6.36	8	1
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	9.31	49	3
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	9.31	49	3
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	4.67	3	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	3.38	2	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	0	3.04	1	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	0	2.68	3	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	5.52	27	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Mediastinal Diseases Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified.	0	2.13	1	0
Menopause, Premature The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.	0	2.69	3	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	3.74	10	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	3.74	10	0
Frigidity [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.53	2	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	0	3.68	10	0
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS.	0	2.13	1	0
Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.	0	2.13	1	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	0	7.29	15	1
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	0	2.53	2	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	7.67	26	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	7.67	26	1
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	2.93	4	0
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2.72	3	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	0	5.4	24	0
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	0	6.1	6	2
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	0	6.1	6	2
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	0	4.27	4	1
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	2.51	2	0
Hypernutrition [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Oligomenorrhea Abnormally infrequent menstruation.	0	4.99	9	1
Aberrant Tissue [description not available]	0	8.3	38	1
Glucose Metabolic Disorder [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	8.45	8	0
Absence of Corpus Callosum [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	0	5.22	12	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	0	3.5	8	0
Auditory Vertigo [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.	0	2.49	2	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	0	2.13	1	0
Cardiac Edema [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Edema, Cardiac Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).	0	2.15	1	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	2.15	1	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	4.15	6	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	0	4.5	5	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.5	5	0
Burnout, Professional An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.	0	2.47	2	0
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	0	2.15	1	0
Halo Nevi [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.	0	2.5	2	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	0	2.66	3	0
Limited Scleroderma [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Scleroderma, Limited The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.	0	2.15	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	5.31	13	1
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	5.31	13	1
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Demyelinative Myelitis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	3.13	5	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	0	3.13	5	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).	0	2.13	1	0
Achondroplasia, Severe, With Developmental Delay And Acanthosis Nigricans [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Achondroplasia An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)	0	2.15	1	0
Anterior Fascicular Block [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.	0	4.87	8	1
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	0	2.88	4	0
Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	3.38	7	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	2.05	1	0
Nevus Flammeus [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	3.22	6	0
Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.	0	7.46	2	0
Port-Wine Stain A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483)	0	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.	0	2.66	3	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	0	2.43	2	0
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Esophageal Perforation An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.	0	2.04	1	0
Emphysema, Mediastinal [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)	0	3.33	2	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	7.41	2	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	3.82	4	0
Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)	0	9.59	21	2
Hypovolemic [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	0	2.96	4	0
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	0	2.04	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	0	5.06	6	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	0	10.06	6	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	4.39	8	0
Chloasma [description not available]	0	4.29	4	1
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	0	4.29	4	1
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	3.28	6	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	3.28	6	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	0	2.05	1	0
Bodily Distress Disorder [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	0	2.68	3	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	0	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	7.36	14	1
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	5.48	16	1
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.48	16	1
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	0	3.54	9	0
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome A nonfamilial polyposis syndrome that is characterized by the presence of diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis, DIARRHEA, and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHY. It was first reported by Cronkhite and Canada in 1955.	0	2.04	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	8.68	37	2
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.62	3	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Cheilitis Granulomatosa [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	0	2.04	1	0
Furcation Defects Conditions in which a bifurcation or trifurcation of the molar tooth root becomes denuded as a result of periodontal disease. It may be followed by tooth mobility, temperature sensitivity, pain, and alveolar bone resorption.	0	2.05	1	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	2.37	2	0
Impairment, Light Touch Sensation [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	0	2.39	2	0
Dysautonomia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).	0	3.34	2	0
Afferent Pupillary Defect [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	3.65	10	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.	0	2.04	1	0
Acquired Facial Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	0	3.61	3	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	6.09	8	0
Lymphocytic Colitis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Colitis, Lymphocytic A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples taken from the COLON show infiltration of LYMPHOCYTES in the superficial EPITHELIUM and the underlying connective tissue (lamina propria).	0	2.04	1	0
Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.	0	3.25	6	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	7.75	25	1
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	12.75	25	1
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	0	3.36	7	0
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	0	5.92	14	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	7.26	46	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	0	2.05	1	0
Lentiginosis, Perioral [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits.	0	3.38	2	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	0	3.23	6	0
Lymphocytosis Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.	0	5.34	7	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	0	2.89	4	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	0	4.92	8	1
Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.	0	2.05	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	3.85	12	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.05	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	3.45	8	0
Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.	0	2.05	1	0
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Gestational Trophoblastic diseases that are malignant. It does not include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE. However, there is a minority of authors that consider the term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia synonymous with gestational trophoblastic disease.	0	2.05	1	0
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease A group of diseases arising from pregnancy that are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread.	0	2.05	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	0	4.29	4	1
Microglossia [description not available]	0	5.4	14	0
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	3.05	5	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.04	5	0
Antisocial Behavior Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others	0	3.11	5	0
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	0	2.87	4	0
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	0	5.79	8	1
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	0	5.79	8	1
Benign Hypothalamic Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	7.29	13	1
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	7.29	13	1
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Goiter, Intrathoracic A goiter that grows behind the STERNUM and CLAVICLE.	0	4.39	8	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	2.46	2	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	4.58	10	0
Chylothorax The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.37	2	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	0	4.77	7	1
Refeeding Syndrome A condition of metabolic imbalance that is caused by complications of initially feeding a severely malnourished patient too aggressively. Usually occurring within the first 5 days of refeeding, this syndrome is characterized by WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; and DIARRHEA.	0	2.05	1	0
Injuries, Neck [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Athetoid Movements [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	0	2.44	2	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	0	4.26	4	0
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	4.26	4	0
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA.	0	2.05	1	0
Crow-Fukase Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
POEMS Syndrome A multisystemic disorder characterized by a sensorimotor polyneuropathy (POLYNEUROPATHIES), organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and pigmentary skin changes. Other clinical features which may be present include EDEMA; CACHEXIA; microangiopathic glomerulopathy; pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY); cutaneous necrosis; THROMBOCYTOSIS; and POLYCYTHEMIA. This disorder is frequently associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1335; Rev Med Interne 1997;18(7):553-62)	0	2.41	2	0
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available]	0	6.7	14	0
Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.	0	6.7	14	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	0	2.67	3	0
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	0	3.81	2	1
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	0	3.6	3	0
Lipomatosis A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA.	0	2.96	1	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	0	2.71	3	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	2.66	3	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	0	7.05	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	5.84	23	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	5.84	23	0
Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	2.05	1	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	0	6.01	6	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	4.85	13	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	4.85	13	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	0	2.67	3	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	0	2.89	4	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available]	0	4.13	3	1
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.	0	4.13	3	1
Tuberculoma A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.	0	2.67	3	0
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.46	2	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	0	4.28	7	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	0	4.28	7	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	0	2.66	3	0
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	0	2.66	3	0
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.	0	2.05	1	0
Antithrombin 3 Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Antithrombin III Deficiency An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.	0	2.05	1	0
Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)	0	2.67	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.76	15	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	6.77	13	2
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	6.77	13	2
Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.	0	2.38	2	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	0	2.42	2	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	0	3.51	8	0
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.	0	2.05	1	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	0	4.85	8	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	0	4.85	8	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	0	3.44	1	1
Hyperplasia of Thymus Gland [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Berger Disease [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	0	2.44	2	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	4.13	6	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	4.13	6	0
Benedict Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Myositis, Multiple [description not available]	0	4.1	3	0
Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)	0	4.1	3	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	0	2.39	2	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	0	2.39	2	0
No-Reflow Phenomenon Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.	0	2.05	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	0	2.41	2	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	2.67	3	0
Otospongiosis [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	0	1.92	1	0
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	0	7.32	11	0
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	0	12.32	11	0
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	0	2.72	3	0
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	0	2.07	1	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	4.2	18	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	7.01	36	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	7.01	36	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	0	4.45	5	1
Dacryoadenitis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	0	5.93	18	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	0	5.93	18	0
Triploid [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	0	5.65	7	1
Compression Fractures [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Epiphora [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.	0	2.7	3	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	0	2.44	2	0
Fibroadenoma An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.98	1	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	0	4.35	4	1
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	0	2.64	3	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	0	4.35	4	1
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	0	3.81	4	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	0	3.81	4	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	0	2.06	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	7.66	33	2
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	0	2.44	2	0
Hypermyotonia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	0	2.68	3	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	0	6.82	9	3
Achalasia [description not available]	0	7.7	3	0
Esophageal Achalasia A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).	0	2.7	3	0
Bechterew Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Spondylarthropathies Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.	0	2.06	1	0
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hypersomnolence, CNS, Idiopathic [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Idiopathic Hypersomnia A sleep disorder of central nervous system origin characterized by prolonged nocturnal sleep and periods of daytime drowsiness. Affected individuals experience difficulty with awakening in the morning and may have associated sleep drunkenness, automatic behaviors, and memory disturbances. This condition differs from narcolepsy in that daytime sleep periods are longer, there is no association with CATAPLEXY, and the multiple sleep latency onset test does not record sleep-onset rapid eye movement sleep. (From Chokroverty, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, pp319-20; Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998 Apr:52(2):125-129)	0	8.45	1	1
Complications, Labor [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Aldosteronism [description not available]	0	5.05	10	0
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	0	5.05	10	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	0	2.68	3	0
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.	0	2.06	1	0
Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	3.64	10	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	8.64	10	0
Deep Bite [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Ankylosis of Teeth [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	2.06	1	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	0	2.73	3	0
Gingival Hyperplasia Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)	0	2.06	1	0
Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).	0	5.29	13	0
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	0	2.91	4	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	0	8.6	44	1
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	0	8.6	44	1
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	2.07	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	0	2.07	1	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	0	8.56	9	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	2.43	2	0
Submandibular Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.	0	2.07	1	0
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine [description not available]	0	4.01	5	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	0	3.32	7	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	0	3.32	7	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	4.58	10	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	3.61	3	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	4.58	10	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	3.61	3	0
Angina at Rest [description not available]	0	4.03	5	0
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	4.03	5	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	0	6.18	5	1
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	0	6.18	5	1
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	2.42	2	0
Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Parotid [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.	0	2.07	1	0
ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Kraurosis Vulvae [description not available]	0	2.99	1	0
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Atrophy and shriveling of the SKIN of the VULVA that is characterized by the whitish LICHEN SCLEROSUS appearance, inflammation, and PRURITUS.	0	2.99	1	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	0	9.12	52	2
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	0	9.12	52	2
Decapitation Traumatic or experimentally induced separation of the head from the body in an animal or human.	0	2.64	3	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	0	3.3	2	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	0	3.3	2	0
Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility.	0	2.07	1	0
Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).	0	2.39	2	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	0	2.07	1	0
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood A group of recessive inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)	0	2.08	1	0
Cerebral Cryptococcosis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Angiitis, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Meningitis, Cryptococcal Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)	0	2.07	1	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	0	2.07	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	0	3.21	6	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	2.44	2	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Cranial [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE over the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE.	0	2.06	1	0
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	0	2.69	3	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	0	2.07	1	0
Hemostatic Disorders Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of BLOOD VESSELS, blood fluidity, and BLOOD COAGULATION. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM, the plasma proteins (including BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS), and PLATELETS.	0	3.46	1	1
Muscular Atrophy, Postpoliomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome A syndrome characterized by new neuromuscular symptoms that occur at least 15 years after clinical stability has been attained in patients with a prior history of symptomatic poliomyelitis. Clinical features include new muscular weakness and atrophy of the limbs, bulbar innervated musculature, and muscles of respiration, combined with excessive fatigue, joint pain, and reduced stamina. The process is marked by slow progression and periods of stabilization. (From Ann NY Acad Sci 1995 May 25;753:68-80)	0	2.07	1	0
Deficiency, IgA [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	0	3.97	14	0
Auricular Flutter [description not available]	0	3.81	4	0
Atrial Flutter Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).	0	3.81	4	0
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Posterior Vitreous Detachment [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Macular Holes [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	2.08	1	0
Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.	0	2.08	1	0
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Afibrinogenemia A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.	0	2.07	1	0
Torsade de Pointes [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	0	2.07	1	0
Attrition, Dental [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Bruxism A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.	0	2.08	1	0
Exostoses Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component.	0	2.66	3	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	0	2.08	1	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	0	2.45	2	0
Fatigue, Mental [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	0	2.45	2	0
Atresia, Choanal [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	2.07	1	0
Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	4.39	1	1
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	0	2.67	3	0
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	0	2.08	1	0
Adult Optic Nerve Glioma [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Optic Nerve Glioma Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood.	0	3	1	0
Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.	0	2.43	2	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	3.59	9	0
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.	0	2.01	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	11.54	104	3
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	0	2.01	1	0
Ecchymosis Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.	0	2.4	2	0
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	4.13	6	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	4.13	6	0
Coin Lesion, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Amnionitis [description not available]	0	7.42	2	0
Chorioamnionitis INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.	0	7.42	2	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.01	1	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	0	2.01	1	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	0	3.09	5	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	2.01	1	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	0	5.93	18	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	0	5.93	18	0
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	4.47	9	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	4.47	9	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	3.47	8	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	2.42	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	3.47	8	0
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).	0	2.01	1	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	0	2.37	2	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	4.22	18	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	2.42	2	0
Licheniform Eruptions [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	0	3.49	8	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	0	5.25	12	1
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	0	5.25	12	1
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	0	3.09	5	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	0	1.93	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	0	7.34	2	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	6.61	11	2
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	0	3.44	8	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	0	3.44	8	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	2.85	4	0
Central Nervous System Syphilis [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	2.89	4	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	0	2.62	3	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	2.33	2	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	0	2.62	3	0
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	0	3.2	6	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	0	5.51	6	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	0	10.51	6	1
Siderosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.	0	1.93	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	2.62	3	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	3.82	12	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	3.82	12	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	3.82	12	0
Hypoascorbemia [description not available]	0	3.64	10	0
Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.	0	8.64	10	0
Glycogenosis [description not available]	0	4.11	6	0
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.	0	4.11	6	0
Hirsutism A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.	0	5.96	10	1
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	3.77	4	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	8.77	4	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	0	3.03	5	0
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Necrobiosis Lipoidica A degenerative disease of the dermal connective tissue characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area. The papules form plaques covered with telangiectatic vessels. More than half of the affected patients have diabetes.	0	2.36	2	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	0	3.32	7	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	0	3.32	7	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	6.33	28	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	0	8.65	10	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	0	9.63	61	1
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.62	3	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	1.93	1	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	3.19	6	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	0	3.03	5	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	0	3.03	5	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	0	3.56	3	0
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	0	3.32	7	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.65	10	0
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	6.93	1	0
Porphyria [description not available]	0	3.46	8	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	0	3.46	8	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.35	2	0
Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)	0	1.93	1	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	0	1.93	1	0
Eunuchism The state of being a eunuch, a male without TESTES or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male GERM CELLS and TESTICULAR HORMONES.	0	2.63	3	0
Hypervitaminosis A A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.	0	1.93	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Axonotmesis [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Trauma, Nervous System Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.	0	1.93	1	0
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	1	4.34	2	0
Steatorrhea A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.	0	6.93	1	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	0	2.35	2	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	4.66	11	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	0	2.35	2	0
Serositis Inflammation of a serous membrane.	0	6.93	1	0
Gas Gangrene A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.	0	1.93	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	4.39	22	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	0	5.07	17	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	0	5.07	17	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	4.74	12	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	5.16	4	1
Cancer of the Vulva [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	5.16	4	1
Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.	0	2.34	2	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	0	9.47	9	0
Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid Marked developmental anomalies of a fetus or infant.	0	2.34	2	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	5.04	10	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	4.73	7	1
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	0	1.94	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	0	4.26	7	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Essential Polyarteritis [description not available]	0	2.85	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	4.04	3	1
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	3.34	7	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	4.04	3	1
Acute Porphyria [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.	0	1.93	1	0
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	0	3.32	7	0
Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	0	3.04	5	0
Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available]	0	3.78	4	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	2.64	3	0
Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.	0	3.78	4	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	0	3.22	6	0
Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	0	3.22	6	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I An inherited condition due to a deficiency of either LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE or APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (a lipase-activating protein). The lack of lipase activities results in inability to remove CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES from the blood which has a creamy top layer after standing.	0	2.34	2	0
Aortic Arch Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Cardiac Aneurysm [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.	0	2.85	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	0	6.17	33	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	0	6.17	33	0
Adrenogenital Syndrome Abnormal SEX DIFFERENTIATION or congenital DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT caused by abnormal levels of steroid hormones expressed by the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as in CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA and ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS. Due to abnormal steroid biosynthesis, clinical features include VIRILISM in females; FEMINIZATION in males; or precocious sexual development in children.	0	1.94	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	2.63	3	0
Gonadal Agenesis The complete failure of gonadal development.	0	2.87	4	0
Adam-Stokes Attacks [description not available]	0	3.26	2	0
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	3.96	5	0
Adenitis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	0	1.94	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	0	5.02	16	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	0	5.02	16	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	0	2.34	2	0
Silicotuberculosis Pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or nontuberculous mycobacteria in a patient with silicosis.	0	1.94	1	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	0	7.34	2	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	2.36	2	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	0	3.26	2	0
Polyploid [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	5.04	10	1
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	0	5.04	10	1
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	3.45	8	0
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	0	3.55	9	0
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	0	2.64	3	0
Anemia, Megaloblastic A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.	0	2.37	2	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	0	1.94	1	0
Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.	0	5.03	10	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	0	2.63	3	0
Central Nervous System Cysts Congenital or acquired cysts of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges which may remain stable in size or undergo progressive enlargement.	0	2.37	2	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	0	2.36	2	0
Addison Disease, X-Linked [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial Hereditary forms of Addison disease that may exhibit autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance. They are characterized by severe neurological symptoms, APNEA; and death in infancy. OMIM: 240200	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Encephalitis, Equine [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	0	6.93	1	0
Arboviral Encephalitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	0	3.84	12	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	0	3.84	12	0
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).	0	2.68	3	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	0	2.66	3	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	0	4.97	9	1
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	0	9.52	25	1
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	0	9.52	25	1
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	0	2.93	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	0	4.06	3	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	5.8	22	1
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	4.06	3	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	5.8	22	1
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	0	2.42	2	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	2.64	3	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	0	3.31	2	0
Epiglottitis Inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS.	0	2.93	1	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	0	1.92	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.	0	1.92	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	2.34	2	0
Aortic Valve Disease 1 [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	2.35	2	0
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Congenital heart valve defects where the AORTIC VALVE has two instead of normal three cusps. It is often associated with AORTIC REGURGITATION and AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY.	0	1.92	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	3.91	13	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	3.91	13	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.34	2	0
Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Aldrich Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).	0	2.66	3	0
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.	0	2.02	1	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	0	2.42	2	0
Amyloid Neuropathies Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)	0	2.69	3	0
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	0	2.02	1	0
Hand Deformities, Acquired Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.	0	2.02	1	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	0	2.02	1	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.02	1	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	0	4.9	14	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	0	4.9	14	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	3.85	12	0
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	0	2.02	1	0
Polymyalgia Rheumatica A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.	0	2.41	2	0
DDD MPGNII [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.	0	2.02	1	0
Injuries, Wrist [description not available]	0	4.88	4	0
Congenital Errors of Steroid Metabolism [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	0	2.65	3	0
Hydatid Mole [description not available]	0	4.4	22	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	0	5.37	14	0
Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.	0	9.4	22	0
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	0	2.02	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	4.1	3	1
Snoring Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.	0	2.43	2	0
Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Rida [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Apertognathia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Angle Class II [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	3.23	6	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	2.02	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	0	2.02	1	0
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	0	2.02	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	0	2.02	1	0
Ascaridiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.	0	2.02	1	0
Neuroses [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	0	2.02	1	0
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.	0	2.43	2	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	2.66	3	0
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	0	2.41	2	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Back Ache [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	0	2.02	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	0	2.41	2	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Hyperchylomicronemia Late Onset [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Lingual Goiter Pathological enlargement of the LINGUAL THYROID, ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the TONGUE. It may cause upper AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; DYSPHAGIA; or HYPOTHYROIDISM symptoms.	0	2.02	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	4.59	10	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	4.59	10	0
Briquet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Somatoform Disorders Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)	0	2.43	2	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	0	2.43	2	0
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Tooth Resorption Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)	0	2.02	1	0
Birth Injuries Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.	0	2.38	2	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	2.02	1	0
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	0	2.02	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	4.39	8	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	2.02	1	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	2.7	3	0
Infections, Meningococcal [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Meningococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.	0	2.43	2	0
Adjustment Sleep Disorder [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	7.38	2	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	2.89	4	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	0	4.09	16	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	0	4.09	16	0
Acute Membranous Gingivitis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cancrum Oris [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Intestinal Volvulus A twisting in the intestine (INTESTINES) that can cause INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.	0	2.03	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	3.62	3	0
Esophago-Pharyngeal Diverticula [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	0	2.41	2	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	0	4.14	6	0
Epidural Neoplasm, Malignant [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	3.06	5	0
Cancer of Granulosa Cells [description not available]	0	3.58	3	0
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	0	3.58	3	0
Sertoli Cell Tumor Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some of the Sertoli cell tumors produce ESTROGEN or ANDROGENS, but seldom in sufficient quantity to cause clinical symptoms such as FEMINIZATION or masculinization (VIRILISM).	0	2.94	1	0
Androblastoma [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Theca Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	3.3	2	0
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	0	3.58	3	0
Alogia [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Apraxia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.	0	2.38	2	0
Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)	0	2.03	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	2.88	4	0
Lethargy A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.	0	2.03	1	0
Anti-Yo-Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	4.38	8	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	0	4.5	9	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	4.5	9	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	0	2.03	1	0
Blood Coagulation Factor Deficiencies [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Epiphyses, Slipped A complete or partial separation of the EPIPHYSES from the DIAPHYSES.	0	3.08	5	0
Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.	0	3.98	5	0
Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Allergy, Latex [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Bone Demineralization, Pathologic Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp327-33)	0	3.8	2	1
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug.	0	2.03	1	0
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	0	2.69	3	0
Claustrophobia [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Phobic Disorders Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.	0	2.67	3	0
Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	4.44	5	1
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	4.44	5	1
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	0	3.82	4	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)	0	2.95	1	0
Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)	0	3.61	3	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Auricular Cancer [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).	0	2.03	1	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	0	3.82	4	0
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)	0	2.03	1	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.87	4	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Paranoia [description not available]	0	4.75	12	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	0	2.03	1	0
ENT Diseases [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Bleeding Between Periods [description not available]	0	4.97	3	1
Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.	0	4.97	3	1
SAPHO Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome Syndrome consisting of SYNOVITIS; ACNE CONGLOBATA; PALMOPLANTAR PUSTULOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; and OSTEITIS. The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome.	0	2.04	1	0
Constrictive Pericarditis [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Happy Puppet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Angelman Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)	0	2.03	1	0
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	0	2.03	1	0
Infections, Parvoviridae [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Paratyphoid Fever A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.	0	2.33	2	0
Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.	0	2.04	1	0
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	0	4.27	4	1
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	0	7.04	1	0
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	0	2.04	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.9	4	0
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Leukomalacia, Periventricular Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)	0	2.42	2	0
Corneal Edema An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.	0	2.04	1	0
Acquired Adult Flatfoot Deformity [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Shock, Surgical A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure.	0	2.63	3	0
Pus [description not available]	0	3.74	2	1
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	0	3.32	1	1
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.	0	2.35	2	0
Beriberi A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.	0	2.35	2	0
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)	0	2.65	3	0
Entrapment Neuropathy, Tarsal Tunnel [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	0	4.44	5	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	0	4.44	5	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	2.36	2	0
Colon Diverticula [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	1.96	1	0
Diverticulum, Colon A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.	0	1.96	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	2.36	2	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	0	2.64	3	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	0	3.07	5	0
Adenoma, Chromophobe A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.	0	5.48	16	1
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	0	2.66	3	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	3.23	6	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Abortion, Threatened UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.	0	3.22	6	0
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	0	3.78	4	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	7.66	3	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.65	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Lipoatrophic A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by severe INSULIN RESISTANCE and LIPODYSTROPHY. The latter may be generalized, partial, acquired, or congenital (LIPODYSTROPHY, CONGENITAL GENERALIZED).	0	1.96	1	0
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.	0	1.96	1	0
Adenoma, Acidophil A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.64	3	0
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)	0	1.96	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	0	5.65	7	1
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	0	5.65	7	1
Infections, Proteus [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available]	0	3.97	5	0
Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)	0	3.97	5	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	0	3.22	6	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	0	3.22	6	0
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.	0	1.96	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	0	2.64	3	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.96	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	8.58	9	0
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	0	3.58	9	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Barotrauma Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomach.	0	2.88	1	0
46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Christmas Disease [description not available]	0	3.78	4	0
Hemorrhage, Oral [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)	0	3.78	4	0
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.	0	1.96	1	0
Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.	0	4.25	4	0
Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.	0	2.36	2	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	0	3.47	8	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	0	3.47	8	0
Dysgammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.	0	3.79	4	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	0	2.65	3	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	0	2.38	2	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Nelson Syndrome A syndrome characterized by HYPERPIGMENTATION, enlarging pituitary mass, visual defects secondary to compression of the OPTIC CHIASM, and elevated serum ACTH. It is caused by the expansion of an underlying ACTH-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA that grows in the absence of feedback inhibition by adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS, usually after ADRENALECTOMY.	0	2.87	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	2.36	2	0
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	1.96	1	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	0	4.49	9	0
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	0	1.96	1	0
Separation Anxiety Disorder [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Anxiety, Separation Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.	0	2.38	2	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.35	7	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	2.64	3	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	8.06	5	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	0	2.37	2	0
Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.	0	1.96	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	0	2.38	2	0
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	7.66	3	0
Absence of Brain, Congenital [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Cystine Diathesis [description not available]	0	4.44	5	1
Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.	0	4.44	5	1
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.36	2	0
Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	1.96	1	0
Affective Disorders, Psychotic Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.	0	3.67	10	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	4.85	8	1
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	4.85	8	1
Diverticula [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Diseases of Pharynx [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Diverticula, Esophageal [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN.	0	2.37	2	0
Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).	0	2.36	2	0
Acquired Language Disorders [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Language Disorders Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.	0	2.37	2	0
Sparganosis Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This stage has recently been referred to as a plerocercoid but the name sparganum has persisted. Therefore, infection of fish or other animals with the plerocercoid larvae is sparganosis. Fish-eating mammals, including man, are the final hosts.	0	1.96	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	2.36	2	0
Cot Death [description not available]	0	3.47	8	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	2.36	2	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	7.64	3	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	0	2.65	3	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	2.37	2	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Aphthae [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)	0	1.96	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	0	2.36	2	0
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available]	0	3.56	3	0
Anaplasia Loss of structural differentiation and useful function of neoplastic cells.	0	3.28	2	0
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	3.05	5	0
Mitral Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Pulmonary Stenoses [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.	0	2.35	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	5.05	6	0
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	0	5.05	6	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	1.96	1	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	2.37	2	0
Heat Collapse [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	4.72	7	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	1.96	1	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	0	1.96	1	0
Diphyllobothriasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium.	0	3.06	5	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Parakeratosis Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.96	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	0	2.36	2	0
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.	0	2.66	3	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	0	2.65	3	0
Spider Veins [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.	0	2.36	2	0
Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.	0	2.64	3	0
Craniofacial Dysarthrosis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.36	2	0
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.	0	1.96	1	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	0	2.64	3	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	7.66	3	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	0	1.96	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	2.66	3	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	1.96	1	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	0	7.36	2	0
Placental Insufficiency Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.	0	2.65	3	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	0	2.36	2	0
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	0	1.96	1	0
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.	0	2.36	2	0
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.78	4	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Adipocere [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	0	3.56	9	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	0	3.56	9	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	7.68	3	0
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.	0	2.9	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	2.37	2	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	4.75	7	1
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	4.75	7	1
Benign Cranial Nerve Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Exomphalos [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hernia, Umbilical A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.	0	2.39	2	0
Abnormalities, Mouth [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Congenital Foot Deformities [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Congenital Hand Deformities [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	0	1.98	1	0
Acne Rosacea [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	0	1.98	1	0
Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).	0	1.98	1	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	0	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	0	2.38	2	0
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Water Intoxication A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.	0	3.75	2	1
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Jaundice, Spirochetal [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cleft Spine [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.	0	1.98	1	0
Bronchiolitis, Exudative [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.	0	1.98	1	0
Episcleritis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Scleritis Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.	0	2.39	2	0
Combat Disorders Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.	0	5.03	5	0
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	1.98	1	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	0	2.38	2	0
Air Sickness [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.	0	7.66	3	0
Androgenization [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	2.39	2	0
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Adjustment Disorder [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Adjustment Disorders Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.	0	3.21	6	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	0	2.39	2	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	3.23	6	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	0	3.07	5	0
Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)	0	1.98	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	1.98	1	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	0	2.38	2	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	0	2.89	4	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Allergy, Milk [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.	0	1.98	1	0
Agoraphobia Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.	0	2.38	2	0
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.39	2	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	0	3.75	2	1
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	0	3.75	2	1
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	0	3.81	4	0
Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.	0	2.67	3	0
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	0	3.81	4	0
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.98	1	0
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.	0	1.98	1	0
SC Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hemoglobin SC Disease One of the sickle cell disorders characterized by the presence of both hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C. It is similar to, but less severe than sickle cell anemia.	0	1.98	1	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	0	6.98	1	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	0	1.98	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	1.98	1	0
Anal Atresia [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	1.98	1	0
Kawasaki Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.	0	1.99	1	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	0	2.65	3	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	0	7.65	3	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	0	3.57	3	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.36	2	0
Infections, Rhabdoviridae [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Gyrate Atrophy Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.	0	1.99	1	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	0	1.99	1	0
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Diastema An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.	0	1.99	1	0
Angle's Classification [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Tooth Eruption, Ectopic An abnormality in the direction of a TOOTH ERUPTION.	0	1.99	1	0
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	0	1.99	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	1.99	1	0
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	0	2.88	4	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	0	2.4	2	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	0	3.28	2	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	0	3.37	1	1
Corns [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Primate Diseases Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.	0	1.99	1	0
Callosities Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.99	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	1.99	1	0
Angiomyxoma [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Lentigines [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	0	2.66	3	0
Lentigo Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).	0	1.99	1	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	0	1.99	1	0
Cataleptic Attacks [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Duhring Disease [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.	0	2.37	2	0
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.	0	1.99	1	0
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.	0	1.99	1	0
Ataxias, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
MEA 2a [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Near Drowning Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water. The subject is resuscitable.	0	1.99	1	0
Gouty Arthritis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.	0	1.99	1	0
MEA 2b [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS.	0	2.4	2	0
Bone Stress Reaction [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Prinzmetal Angina [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.	0	1.99	1	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	2.4	2	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Dysthymia [description not available]	0	8.38	1	1
Dysthymic Disorder Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)	0	3.38	1	1
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Chondrocalcinosis Presence of CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE in the connective tissues such as the cartilaginous structures of joints. When accompanied by GOUT-like symptoms, it is referred to as pseudogout.	0	3.6	3	0
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Syndrome, VKH (Vogt Koyanagi Harada) [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome A syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous UVEITIS with IRITIS and secondary GLAUCOMA, premature ALOPECIA, symmetrical VITILIGO, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented hair), HEARING DISORDERS, and meningeal signs (neck stiffness and headache). Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid reveals a pattern consistent with MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p748; Surv Ophthalmol 1995 Jan;39(4):265-292)	0	2	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	0	2.91	1	0
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	0	2	1	0
Convergent Strabismus [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Esotropia A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a cross-eye appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.	0	2	1	0
Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Anthracosilicosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust that contains both CARBON and crystalline SILICON DIOXIDE. These foreign matters induce fibrous nodule formation in the lung.	0	2	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	2	1	0
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.	0	2	1	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	0	2	1	0
Histiocytic Sarcoma Malignant neoplasms composed of MACROPHAGES or DENDRITIC CELLS. Most histiocytic sarcomas present as localized tumor masses without a leukemic phase. Though the biological behavior of these neoplasms resemble lymphomas, their cell lineage is histiocytic not lymphoid.	0	2	1	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	0	3.38	1	1
Oxaluria, Primary [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.	0	2	1	0
Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)	0	2.37	2	0
Seasonal Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Seasonal Affective Disorder A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.	0	7.41	2	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
P carinii Infection [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	3.79	2	1
Pneumocystis Infections Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.	0	3.39	1	1
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Stammering [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Stuttering A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.92	1	0
Crigler Najjar Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Vesicoureteral Reflux [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.	0	2	1	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cardiac Murmurs [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Mesial Drift of Teeth [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	0	2	1	0
Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	0	2	1	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	0	2.37	2	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	0	2	1	0
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	0	2	1	0
Leukemic Infiltration A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.	0	2	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	0	2.37	2	0
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	0	2.37	2	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	0	2.37	2	0
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	0	2.01	1	0
Sarcocystosis Infection of the striated muscle of mammals by parasites of the genus SARCOCYSTIS. Disease symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and paralysis are produced by sarcocystin, a toxin produced by the organism.	0	2.01	1	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	0	3.39	1	1
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.	0	1.95	1	0
Eccentro-Osteochondrodysplasia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, joint instability, development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. There are two biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.	0	1.95	1	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	0	2.35	2	0
Adenoma, Basophil A small tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland whose cells stain with basic dyes. It may give rise to excessive secretion of ACTH, resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	2.65	3	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Acute Q Fever [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	0	2.36	2	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	0	2.35	2	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	0	1.95	1	0
Coarctation of Aorta [description not available]	0	3.78	4	0
Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.	0	3.78	4	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	0	2.35	2	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	0	1.95	1	0
Avian Sarcoma [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Yellow Fever An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.	0	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 11 [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	1.95	1	0
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	4.37	8	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	4.37	8	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	1.95	1	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	1.95	1	0
Osteoma A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	0	1.95	1	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	0	2.36	2	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	0	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	0	2.35	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	0	1.95	1	0
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	0	2.36	2	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	0	2.36	2	0
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	0	3.34	1	1
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.37	2	0
Edema, Laryngeal [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Laryngeal Edema Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the LARYNX, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.	0	3.05	5	0
Parotiditis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	2.66	3	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	0	1.95	1	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	0	1.95	1	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)	0	1.95	1	0
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	0	1.95	1	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	0	3.55	3	0
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	3.35	7	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	3.35	7	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	0	2.36	2	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy without Multiple Hormone Resistance [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	2.37	2	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	0	7.87	4	0
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome HYPOVENTILATION syndrome in very obese persons with excessive ADIPOSE TISSUE around the ABDOMEN and DIAPHRAGM. It is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic HYPOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; and long periods of sleep during day and night (HYPERSOMNOLENCE). It is a condition often related to OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA but can occur separately.	0	1.95	1	0
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.	0	2.64	3	0
Cardiac Neurosis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	2.65	3	0
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	0	1.95	1	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	0	1.95	1	0
Scrotal Hydrocele [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	0	3.79	4	0
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	0	3.79	4	0
Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.	0	1.98	1	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	0	1.98	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.87	4	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	0	1.98	1	0
Disgerminoma [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
(pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	0	2.36	2	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with EWING SARCOMA.	0	1.98	1	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	0	1.98	1	0
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	0	1.98	1	0
Megacolon Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.	0	3.3	2	0
Trypanosomiasis, Bovine Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.	0	1.98	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	1.97	1	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	1.97	1	0
Varicocele A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.	0	2.38	2	0
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.	0	1.97	1	0
alpha Mannosidase B Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
alpha-Mannosidosis An inborn error of metabolism marked by a defect in the lysosomal isoform of ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE activity that results in lysosomal accumulation of mannose-rich intermediate metabolites. Virtually all patients have psychomotor retardation, facial coarsening, and some degree of dysostosis multiplex. It is thought to be an autosomal recessive disorder.	0	2.38	2	0
Dermoid [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)	0	1.97	1	0
Mediastinal Cyst Cysts of one of the parts of the mediastinum: the superior part, containing the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct and thymus organs; the inferior middle part, containing the pericardium; the inferior anterior part containing some lymph nodes; and the inferior posterior part, containing the thoracic duct and esophagus.	0	1.97	1	0
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	0	1.97	1	0
Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)	0	1.97	1	0
Measles, German [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Placenta Praevia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Placenta Previa Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.	0	1.97	1	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	0	3.74	2	1
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	0	2.37	2	0
Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.	0	7.36	2	0
Cancer of the Tonsil [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Tonsillar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.	0	1.97	1	0
Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.	0	7.66	3	0
Dictyocauliasis [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	0	1.96	1	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Impetigo Contagiosa [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Impetigo A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.	0	1.96	1	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Progeria An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.	0	1.96	1	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	1.96	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	0	1.96	1	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Blastomyces brasiliensis Infection [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Erythremia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	0	1.97	1	0
Anemia Neonatorum [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Anemia, Neonatal The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.	0	2.88	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	1.97	1	0
Erosive Duodenitis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Duodenitis Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.	0	2.37	2	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	0	2.35	2	0
Coxa Plana [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	0	1.96	1	0
Acanthosis Nigricans A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.	0	6.96	1	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Cystic Angiomatosis Of Bone, Diffuse [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Dermal Sinus [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Setariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus Setaria. This condition is usually seen in cattle and equines and is of little pathogenic significance, although migration of the worm to the eye may lead to blindness.	0	1.96	1	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	0	1.96	1	0
Paraphilias [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	1.96	1	0
Hypolipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Diabetes, Phosphate [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Hypophosphatemia, Familial An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.	0	2.37	2	0
Pre-Excitation Syndromes A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS.	0	1.96	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	2.35	2	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	0	2.35	2	0
Decalcification, Pathologic The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	1.95	1	0
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Laryngeal Spasm [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Candidiasis, Cutaneous Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Laryngismus A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.	0	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	0	2.35	2	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	0	2.35	2	0
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	0	1.94	1	0
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.	0	3.27	2	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	0	1.94	1	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	0	1.94	1	0
Endarteritis Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery.	0	1.94	1	0
Chiari-Frommel Syndrome A POSTPARTUM condition consists of persistent lactation (GALACTORRHEA) and AMENORRHEA in patients not BREAST FEEDING.	0	3.78	4	0
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	0	2.64	3	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	0	1.94	1	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	0	1.94	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	2.86	1	0
Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis).	0	1.95	1	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	1.95	1	0
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	0	1.95	1	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	1.95	1	0
Aschoff Bodies [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hemarthrosis Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.	0	2.86	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	3.74	2	0
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	0	3.77	4	0
Deficiency, Factor II [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	2.35	2	0
Laryngeal Nerve Avulsion [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Achromatopsia Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.	0	1.94	1	0
Color Vision Defects Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.	0	1.94	1	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	0	1.95	1	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Meniscitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Polyradiculitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Polyradiculopathy Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.	0	2.35	2	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	0	2.86	1	0
Dysautonomia, Familial An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4)	0	2.86	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	0	1.94	1	0
Atresia, Esophageal [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Esophageal Atresia Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.	0	1.94	1	0
Arcus Corneae [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	1.94	1	0
Uterine Prolapse Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.	0	1.94	1	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Cancer of the Vagina [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Vaginal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.	0	2.35	2	0
Anus Prolapse [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dupre Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	0	1.94	1	0
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	0	1.94	1	0
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Varices [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	0	1.94	1	0
Nail Abnormalities [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	0	1.94	1	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	0	1.94	1	0
Bernard Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	0	1.94	1	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	1.94	1	0

thyroxine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (236)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (7 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (5)

Drug Classes (10)

Pathways (14)

Protein Targets (79)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (434)

Molecular Functions (124)

Ceullar Components (73)

Bioassays (203)

Research

Studies (36,565)

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Research Demand Index: 128.28

Study Types

thyroxine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (236)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (7 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (5)

Drug Classes (10)

Pathways (14)

Protein Targets (79)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (434)

Molecular Functions (124)

Ceullar Components (73)

Bioassays (203)

Research

Studies (36,565)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 128.28

Study Types

Related Drugs (3,331)

Related Conditions (2,947)