propranolol

Research Excerpts

Overview

Propranolol (PROP) is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. It has been the first-line therapy for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH), the most frequent childhood vascular tumor.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propranolol is a poorly soluble drug and known substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter."	( The use of a dendrimer-propranolol prodrug to bypass efflux transporters and enhance oral bioavailability. Attwood, D; D'Emanuele, A; Jevprasesphant, R; Penny, J, 2004)	1.36
"Propranolol is a widely used beta-blocker mainly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiac conditions. "	( Propranolol and metoprolol: Two comparable drugs with very different post-mortem toxicological profiles. Kaukonen, M; Kriikku, P; Ojanperä, I; Pelkonen, S, 2021)	3.51
"Oral propranolol is a safe treatment for IH. "	( Safety assessment of propranolol for infantile hemangioma: a study in an Asian population. Han, X; He, R; Li, L; Liu, Y; Ma, L; Qiu, L; Sun, Y; Wang, C; Wei, L; Xiu, B; Xu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, B, 2022)	1.55
"Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker used as secondary prophylaxis for UVB, but no previous studies have addressed carvedilol effects in rebleeding prevention."	( Carvedilol as secondary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Cançado, GGL; Cardoso, JB; Couto, CA; de Abreu, ES; Faria, LC; Ferrari, TCA; Lima, AMC; Nardelli, MJ; Osório, FMF, 2022)	1.44
"Propranolol (PROP) is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. "	( Cyclosporin-A reduced the cytotoxicity of propranolol in HUVECs via p38 MAPK signaling. Chen, B; Cui, H; Lv, Z; Shao, C; Xie, G; Yao, Z; Yuan, W, 2022)	2.43
"Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (AR) blocker that has been the first-line therapy for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH), the most frequent childhood vascular tumor. "	( A transcription factor is the target of propranolol treatment in infantile hemangioma. Boscolo, E; Schrenk, S, 2022)	2.43
"Propranolol is a competitive non-selective beta-receptor antagonist that is available on the market as a racemic mixture. "	( Complete Reaction Phenotyping of Propranolol and 4-Hydroxypropranolol with the 19 Enzymes of the Human UGT1 and UGT2 Families. Bureik, M; Liu, S; Parr, MK; Wolber, G; Yang, F, 2022)	2.45
"Propranolol is a safe, effective and well-tolerated treatment in Australian children with IH. "	( Immediate possible adverse event rates in infants treated with oral propranolol for infantile haemangiomas at an Australian urban tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2019. Adams, L; Ryan, E, 2022)	2.4
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a beta-blocker used for the management and treatment of hypertension, angina, coronary artery disease, heart failure, fibrillation, tremors, migraine etc. "	( Influence of Prunus domestica gum on the release profiles of propranolol HCl floating tablets. Ali, SI; Farid Hasan, SM; Hassan, F; Israr, F; Mehmood, S; Mohani, SNUH; Noor, R; Sikandar, M; Ullah, M, 2022)	2.41
"Propranolol is a first-line clinical drug for infantile haemangiomas (IH) therapy. "	( Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000915 promotes propranolol resistance of hemangioma stem cells in infantile haemangiomas. Chen, H; Li, Y, 2022)	2.43
"Propranolol is a lipophilic drug so it was predicted that the pharmacokinetics would differ between obese and ideal-weight individuals."	( A comparative evaluation of propranolol pharmacokinetics in obese versus ideal weight individuals: A blueprint towards a personalised medicine. Bertoldi, A; De Rubis, G; Dua, K; El Mekkawi, Z; Ho, A; Kakuzada, L; Mortlock, R; Nesci, I; Pont, L; Smith, V; Williams, K, 2023)	1.93
"Propranolol is a widely used β-blocker that can generate a nitrosated derivative, N-nitroso propranolol (NNP). "	( Revisiting the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of N-nitroso propranolol in bacterial and human in vitro assays. Atrakchi, AH; Chen, S; Davis-Bruno, KL; Elespuru, RK; Guerrero, S; Guo, X; Heflich, RH; Keire, DA; King, ST; Le, Y; Li, X; Li, Y; McGovern, TJ; Mei, N; Mittelstaedt, RA; Moore, N; Seo, JE; Sims, A, 2023)	2.6
"Propranolol is an approved treatment for IHs, but its mechanism of action remains unclear."	( Identification of putative biomarkers for Infantile Hemangiomas and Propranolol treatment via data integration. Dai, Y; Gomez-Acevedo, H; Richter, GT; Shawber, C; Strub, G; Wu, JK, 2020)	1.51
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a popular anti-hypertensive and pollutant of emerging concern because of potential ecological risks to aquatic environment. "	( Removal of propranolol hydrochloride by batch biosorption using remaining biomass of alginate extraction from Sargassum filipendula algae. Coelho, CM; da Silva, MGC; de Andrade, JR; Vieira, MGA, 2020)	2.39
"Propranolol is a substrate of CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, retaining potential pharmacokinetic interactions with co-administered drugs."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review. Ahmed, N; Kalam, MN; Rasool, MF; Rehman, AU, 2020)	1.57
"Propranolol is an ADRB2 blocker that regulates heart muscle contractions, smooth muscle relaxation, and glycogenolysis. "	( Propranolol Is an Effective Topical and Systemic Treatment Option for Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. Bieber, K; Ghorbanalipoor, S; Gupta, Y; Hartmann, V; Kaiser, G; Kalies, K; Krause, M; Künzel, S; Ludwig, RJ; Matsumoto, K; Petersen, F; Schulze Dieckhoff, K; Stüssel, P; Veldkamp, W; Vidarsson, G; Visser, R, 2020)	3.44
"Oral propranolol seems to be an effective method to minimize the development of sight-threatening choroidal effusion after glaucoma surgery in SWS."	( Perioperative Propranolol: A Useful Adjunct for Glaucoma Surgery in Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Gupta, A; Handa, S; Joshi, G; Kataria, P; Kaushik, S; Pandav, SS; Ram, J; Singh, R, )	1.01
"Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist. "	( Efficacy and safety of propranolol for treatment of temporomandibular disorder pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arbes, SJ; Campbell, JH; Di Giosia, M; Fillingim, RB; Hadgraft, H; Herman-Giddens, M; James, R; Lim, PF; Ohrbach, R; Ribeiro-Dasilva, M; Slade, GD; Tchivileva, IE; Willis, J, 2020)	2.31
"Propranolol is a β3-sparing antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptor."	( PropAngio study protocol: a neoadjuvant trial on the efficacy of propranolol monotherapy in cutaneous angiosarcoma-a proof of principle study. Beijnen, JH; Haas, RL; Heinhuis, KM; Huitema, ADR; IJzerman, NS; Koenen, AM; Steeghs, N; van der Graaf, WTA; van Houdt, WJ, 2020)	1.52
"Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist that is efficacious in reducing facial pain. "	( Arbes, SJ; Fillingim, RB; Hadgraft, H; Ohrbach, R; Slade, GD; Tchivileva, IE; Willis, J, 2021)	2.06
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist that has a known activity in the myometrium. "	( Propranolol for Induction of Labor in Nulliparas trial a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Bigelow, CA; Overbey, JR; Pan, S; Stone, J, 2021)	3.51
"Propranolol is a noncardioselective β-blocker. "	( Propranolol. Abdel Aziz, HA; Al-Majed, AA; Alajmi, FM; AlRabiah, H; Bakheit, AHH, )	3.02
"Propranolol is a widely-known beta-blocker approved for treating infantile hemangiomas (IH). "	( Tissue and serum mRNA profile of MMPs-2/9 as a potential novel biomarker for the most individual approach in infantile hemangiomas and cancer disease. Andrzejewska, E; Kobos, J; Przewratil, P; Taran, K; Wnęk, A, 2017)	1.9
"Propranolol (PPN) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. "	( Development and characterization of a nanoemulsion containing propranolol for topical delivery. Barros, RCDSA; Betzler de Oliveira de Siqueira, L; Cardoso, VDS; de Freitas, ZMF; Dos Santos, EP; Monteiro, MSSB; Ricci-Junior, E; Santos-Oliveira, R; Villa, ALV; Zanela da Silva Marques, T, 2018)	2.16
"Propranolol is a well tolerated and effective treatment for infantile hemangiomas. "	( Infantile hemangiomas: what have we learned from propranolol? Ghareeb, E; Hagen, R; Jalali, O; Zinn, Z, 2018)	2.18
"Propranolol is a β-adrenergic blocker that has proven effective in the treatment of this tumor."	( Effects of propranolol therapy in Moroccan children with infantile hemangioma. Baline, K; Chiheb, S; Fatoiki, FZE; Hali, F; Khadir, K; Lahrichi, A, 2018)	1.59
"Propranolol is an effective method of treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IH). "	( Safety assessment during initiation and maintenance of propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Babiak-Choroszczak, L; Bagłaj, M; Dawid, G; Gawrych, E; Giżewska-Kacprzak, K, 2019)	2.2
"Propranolol is a well-documented medical therapy for cutaneous lesions, but surgical treatment dominates the literature on bladder haemangiomas."	( Propranolol as an effective therapy for infantile haemangioma of the urinary bladder. Anwar, T; Malm-Buatsi, E, 2019)	2.68
"Propranolol is a popular β adrenergic antagonists that, together with pindolol, binds also to serotoninergic receptors, namely 5-HT"	( Effect of the rigidification of propranolol, a mixed Brasili, L; Franchini, S; Linciano, P; Sorbi, C; Tait, A, 2019)	2.24
"Propranolol (POP) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent and it is in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines."	( The development and characterization of Propranolol Tablets using Tapioca starch as excipient. Celestino, MT; Fernandes, JBM; Freitas, ZMF; Monteiro, MSSB; Ricci Júnior, E; Santos, EPD; Tavares, MIB, 2019)	1.5
"Propranolol is an effective, non-invasive treatment for life threatening infantile hemangiomas compressing the airway, should be used as a firstline treatment for subglottic hemangiomas when intervention is required."	( A Life Threatening Subglottic and Mediastinal Hemangioma in an Infant. Gergin, O; Karabulut, B; Onder, SS, 2019)	1.24
"Propranolol is an approved non-selective β-adrenergic blocker that is first line therapy for infantile hemangioma. "	( R-propranolol is a small molecule inhibitor of the SOX18 transcription factor in a rare vascular syndrome and hemangioma. Andelfinger, G; Bischoff, J; Chiang, IK; Fontaine, F; Francois, M; Gambin, Y; Hamdan, M; Huang, L; Khosrotehrani, K; Lesieur, E; Meurer, M; Moustaqil, M; Overman, J; Pasquier, E; Patel, J; Sierecki, E; Wylie-Sears, J; Zuegg, J, 2019)	2.68
"Propranolol appears to be a safe and effective treatment."	( Hemangiomas of the nasal tip treated with propranolol. Ben-Amitai, D; Halachmi, S; Kalish, E; Lapidoth, M; Raveh, E; Zvulunov, A, 2012)	1.36
"Propranolol is a commonly used medication for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas among otolaryngologists in the Vascular Anomalies Task Force. "	( Propranolol use for infantile hemangiomas: American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology Vascular Anomalies Task Force practice patterns. Darrow, DH; Grimmer, JF; Manning, SC; Parikh, SR; Perkins, JA; Richter, GT, 2013)	3.28
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective β-blocker that is used for the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmia, and angina pectoris. "	( Propranolol is more effective than pulsed dye laser and cryosurgery for infantile hemangiomas. Aozasa, N; Araki, M; Inuzuka, R; Isomura, S; Kagami, S; Katori, T; Kuwano, Y; Masui, Y; Miyagawa, T; Miyamoto, A; Sato, S; Shibata, S; Takahashi, K; Uwajima, Y; Yamada, D; Yamamoto, M, 2013)	3.28
"Propranolol is a new and promising treatment option."	( Propranolol treatment in life-threatening airway hemangiomas: a case series and review of literature. Broeks, IJ; Dassel, AC; Hermans, DJ; van Beynum, IM; van der Vleuten, CJ, 2013)	2.55
"Propranolol seems to be a rapidly effective and safe treatment strategy for most IHs obstructing the airway. "	( Propranolol treatment in life-threatening airway hemangiomas: a case series and review of literature. Broeks, IJ; Dassel, AC; Hermans, DJ; van Beynum, IM; van der Vleuten, CJ, 2013)	3.28
"Propranolol is an effective treatment for symptomatic IH, but its mechanism of action remains unknown and understudied."	( Propranolol-mediated attenuation of MMP-9 excretion in infants with hemangiomas. Bauman, N; Brown, KJ; Movius, E; Preciado, D; Saieg, A; Thaivalappil, S, 2013)	2.55
"Propranolol is an effective, safe treatment for complicated infantile haemangiomas (IH). "	( Propranolol for the treatment of infantile haemangiomas: our experience with 44 patients. Lenane, P; Lynch, M; O'Donnell, BF, 2014)	3.29
"Propranolol is an effective, well-tolerated, and safe first-line treatment for proliferative hemangioma. "	( Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: clinical guidelines. Anderson, W; Stewart, K; Szychta, P, 2014)	2.11
"Propranolol (a β-blocker) is a safe treatment for problematic IH. "	( Propranolol in infantile haemangioma: simplifying pretreatment monitoring. de Buys Roessingh, A; El Ezzi, O; Hohlfeld, J, 2014)	3.29
"Propranolol is unlikely to be a useful analgesic during the first few weeks after burn injury."	( Results of a pilot multicenter genotype-based randomized placebo-controlled trial of propranolol to reduce pain after major thermal burn injury. Bangdiwala, SI; Bortsov, AV; Cairns, BA; Haith, LR; Halawa, OI; Holmes, JH; Hoskins, JM; Hwang, J; Jones, SW; Jordan, MH; McLean, SA; Orrey, DC; Platts-Mills, TF; Roane, BR; Shupp, JW, 2015)	1.36
"Propranolol is a non-selective β-blocker that is recommended for the treatment of PH."	( Comparative portal hypotensive effects as propranolol of vitamin D₃ treatment by decreasing intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic rats. Hsieh, YC; Lee, KC; Lee, PC; Lee, TY; Lee, WP; Lin, HC; Yang, YY, 2015)	1.4
"Propranolol is a valid treatment for large cranial hemangiomas, avoiding the risks involved in surgeries."	( Giant cranial and cerebellar hemangioma treated with propranolol. Ben-Sira, L; Benvenisti, H; Constantini, S; Roth, J, 2015)	2.11
"Propranolol is a sympatholytic beta antagonist commonly used as long-term medication for the management of many common diseases such as hypertension."	( Sympathetic Regulation of Tertiary Dentinogenesis via Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor on Rat Odontoblasts. Gu, J; Ikeda, H; Suda, H, 2015)	1.14
"Propranolol is a safe and effective first-line therapy for problematic IHs. "	( Propranolol Therapy for Problematic Infantile Hemangioma. Knuth, C; Murthy, A; Ng, M; Weisbrod, C, 2016)	3.32
"Oral propranolol is an effective and economical treatment option in patients not affording other standard modalities of treatment."	( DIFFUSE CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMA MASQUERADING AS CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY TREATED WITH ORAL PROPRANOLOL. Dave, T; Dave, VP; Pappuru, RR; Shah, G, 2016)	1.11
"Propranolol was found to be a more effective modality in treating IHs (ORs = 0.92; 95%CI, 0.89-0.95) and had fewer complications compared to the other treatments including systemic steroids (ORs = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.59-0.76); laser ablation (ORs = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43-0.67); other beta-adrenergic blockers (ORs = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.50-0.61) and surgery (ORs = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.28-0.81)."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Propranolol versus Other Treatments for Infantile Hemangiomas: A Meta-Analysis. Liu, X; Qu, X; Zhang, L; Zheng, J, 2015)	1.42
"Propranolol is a valuable therapeutic alternative for treatment of ulcerated haemangiomas and effectively reduces pain."	( Role of propranolol in ulcerated haemangioma of head and neck: a prospective comparative study. Gangopadhyay, AN; Gupta, DK; Pandey, V; Sharma, SP; Tiwari, P, 2016)	2.31
"Propranolol (PROP) is a β-blocker prescribed mainly to treat human cardiovascular diseases and as a result of its wide usage and persistence, it is reported in aquatic environments. "	( Behavioral and biochemical adjustments of the zebrafish Danio rerio exposed to the β-blocker propranolol. Mitchell, KM; Moon, TW, 2016)	2.1
"Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist that can lower cAMP levels and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway downstream of βARs."	( Propranolol Targets Hemangioma Stem Cells via cAMP and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation. Edwards, AK; England, RW; Kitajewski, AA; Kitajewski, JK; Kung, JE; Munabi, NC; Shawber, CJ; Tan, QK; Weinstein, A; Wilcox, M; Wu, JK, 2016)	2.6
"Propranolol is a well-tolerated, efficacious, and safe drug for treatment of IH. "	( Treatment with propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: single-center experience. Bör, Ö; Özdemir, ZC; Turhan, AB, 2016)	2.23
"Oral propranolol is a safe and effective treatment for infantile subglottic hemangiomata and may be used as a first-line therapeutic modality."	( Role of oral propranolol in the treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma. Chen, JR; Jin, L; Li, XY; Wang, Y, 2016)	1.32
"Propranolol is a vasoactive drug that shows antiangiogenic and antitumour activities in melanoma. "	( Biphasic effects of propranolol on tumour growth in B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Bearzi, C; Buoncervello, M; Catalano, L; Gabriele, L; Giordani, L; Maccari, S; Macchia, D; Marano, G; Rampin, A; Rizzi, R; Spada, M; Stati, T, 2017)	2.22
"Propranolol is an effective drug in treating IH."	( Ultrasonography as an objective tool for assessment of infantile hemangioma treatment with propranolol. Alvarenga, JG; Bouer, M; de Oliveira Labinas, GH; de Oliveira, ZN; Rivitti-Machado, MC; Rotter, A; Samorano, LP; Santos, PC; Silvestre, DA, 2017)	1.4
"Propranolol is a human pharmaceutical β-blocker that has been detected in municipal wastewater effluents at ng/L to low μg/L. "	( Life-cycle exposure of fathead minnows to environmentally relevant concentrations of the β-blocker drug propranolol. Balakrishnan, VK; Parrott, JL, 2017)	2.11
"Propranolol 4% gel is a safe and efficient topical therapy for IH."	( Assessment of the effectiveness of topical propranolol 4% gel for infantile hemangiomas. Goldberg, I; Harel, A; Ilan, EB; Kutz, A; Mashiah, J; Rabia, SH; Sprecher, E, 2017)	2.16
"Propranolol is a nonselective beta blocker."	( Addition of Propranolol in Resistant Arterial hypertension Treatment (APROPRIATE study): study protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Constantine, GR; Galappatthy, P; Katulanda, P; Rajapakse, S; Ranasinghe, P; Senarath, U; Weeraratne, C; Weeratunga, P, 2017)	1.56
"Propranolol is a highly lipid-soluble, nonselective beta-blocker with additional local-anaesthetic properties."	( Intralipid infusion ameliorates propranolol-induced hypotension in rabbits. Cave, GR; Harvey, MG, 2008)	1.35
"Propranolol appears to be an effective treatment for subglottic hemangiomas and should now be used as a first-line treatment in subglottic hemangiomas when intervention is required."	( Role of Propranolol in the therapeutic strategy of infantile laryngotracheal hemangioma. Denoyelle, F; Enjolras, O; Garabedian, EN; Harris, R; Leboulanger, N; Roger, G, 2009)	1.51
"Propranolol is a widely used quality control and validation compound for liver microsome and hepatocyte metabolism studies. "	( Evaluation of the metabolism of propranolol by linear ion trap technology in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human cryopreserved hepatocytes. Baughman, TM; Soglia, JR; Talarico, CL, 2009)	2.08
"Oral propranolol is a very recent therapeutic option for complicated IH with impressive efficacy and generally good tolerance."	( Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: insights into the molecular mechanisms of action. Hoeger, PH; Storch, CH, 2010)	2.26
"Propranolol is a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of cutaneous infantile haemangiomas. "	( Successful treatment of infantile haemangiomas of the orbit with propranolol. Li, YC; Martin, FJ; Martin, PA; McCahon, E; Rowe, NA; Wilcsek, GA, 2010)	2.04
"Propranolol is a promising treatment against infantile haemangiomas in the orbit, not only in infants but also in an older child with a stable lesion."	( Successful treatment of infantile haemangiomas of the orbit with propranolol. Li, YC; Martin, FJ; Martin, PA; McCahon, E; Rowe, NA; Wilcsek, GA, 2010)	2.04
"Propranolol appears to be a safe and effective treatment in the management of infantile haemangioma."	( Propranolol in the management of periorbital infantile haemangioma. Cheng, JF; Gole, GA; Sullivan, TJ, 2010)	3.25
"Propranolol is a new and promising treatment for hemangiomas of infancy. "	( Hypoglycemia as a result of propranolol during treatment of infantile hemangioma: a case report. Breugem, CC; Breur, JM; de Graaf, M; Pasmans, SG, )	1.87
"Propranolol seems to be an effective and safe drug, which can be used as a steroid-sparing first-line treatment modality in this patient population."	( Reduction in astigmatism using propranolol as first-line therapy for periocular capillary hemangioma. Ben-Zion, I; Fabian, ID; Samuel, C; Spierer, A, 2011)	1.38
"Propranolol seems to be an effective modality of treatment for periocular IH. "	( Treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: case series of 18 children. Al Dhaybi, R; Chevrette, L; Codère, F; Dubois, J; Fallaha, N; Hamel, P; Hatami, A; McCuaig, C; Milet, A; Ospina, LH; Powell, J; Superstein, R, 2011)	2.06
"Propranolol was found to be an effective intervention for the resolution of infantile airway haemangiomas (P<0.00001)."	( A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of propranolol for the treatment of infantile airway haemangiomas. Athanasopoulos, I; Parpounas, K; Peridis, S; Pilgrim, G, 2011)	1.36
"Propranolol appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for ulcerated IH."	( Propranolol for treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangiomas. Barbarot, S; Bodak, N; Hadj-Rabia, S; Hamel-Teillac, D; Kupfer-Bessaguet, I; Lacour, JP; Léauté-Labrèze, C; Mazereeuw-Hautier, J; Naouri, M; Nguyen, JM; Saint-Jean, M; Stalder, JF; Vabres, P, 2011)	3.25
"Propranolol is an effective treatment of head and neck infantile hemangiomas, especially when started early within the rapid growth phase, and is first-line treatment of orbit and larynx hemangiomas. "	( Propranolol as first-line treatment of head and neck hemangiomas. Ayari-Khalfallah, S; Froehlich, P; Fuchsmann, C; Giguere, C; Guibaud, L; McCone, C; Powell, J; Quintal, MC, 2011)	3.25
"Propranolol appears to be an effective treatment option for IH even in the nonproliferative phase and after the first year of life. "	( Adverse effects of propranolol when used in the treatment of hemangiomas: a case series of 28 infants. Breugem, CC; Breur, JMPJ; de Graaf, M; Pasmans, SGMA; Raphaël, MF; Vos, M, 2011)	2.14
"Propranolol is a highly lipid-soluble beta-blocker. "	( Severe propranolol and ethanol overdose with wide complex tachycardia treated with intravenous lipid emulsion: a case report. Brajkovic, G; Gligic, B; Jovic-Stosic, J; Putic, V; Spasic, R, 2011)	2.27
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a safe and effective medication for treating infantile hemangiomas (IHs), with decreases in IH volume, color, and elevation."	( A randomized controlled trial of propranolol for infantile hemangiomas. Adams, S; Hogeling, M; Wargon, O, 2011)	2.09
"Propranolol appears to be a safe and effective treatment in the management of periorbital proliferating phase infantile hemangioma."	( [Oral propranolol in the management of periorbital proliferating phase infantile hemangioma]. Fu, HB; Guo, X; Huo, R; Lin, LL; Lü, RR; Wui, JC; Xu, GQ; Zhang, J; Zhao, ZF, 2011)	2.29
"Propranolol appears to be an effective drug for infantile hemangiomas with good clinical tolerance."	( Preliminary results of propranolol treatment for patients with infantile hemangioma. Anik, Y; Babaoğlu, A; Binnetoğlu, K; Büyükkapu-Bay, S; Corapcioğlu, F; Tugay, M, )	1.16
"Propranolol is a non-selective β adrenergic receptor blocker which antagonises the anti-inflammatory effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs via the β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors."	( Effects of epinephrine and cortisol on the analgesic activity of metyrosine in rats. Akcay, F; Albayrak, Y; Karatay, S; Polat, B; Saglam, MB; Suleyman, H; Uslu, T; Yildirim, K, 2011)	1.09
"Propranolol is an efficacious therapy for severe IH."	( Propranolol therapy in 55 infants with infantile hemangioma: dosage, duration, adverse effects, and outcome. Günther, P; Holland-Cunz, S; Kleber, JB; Schupp, CJ, )	2.3
"Propranolol is an attractive alternative to other treatments for IH. "	( Status of propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangioma and description of a randomized clinical trial. Bauman, NM; Greene, EA; McCarter, R; Menezes, MD, 2011)	2.21
"Propranolol is a beta-blocker that may increase survival time by reducing metabolic CO2 production (VCO2)."	( Propranolol's potential to increase survival time in a disabled submarine. Fothergill, DM; Gasier, HG; Horn, WG; Reini, SA, 2012)	2.54
"Propranolol appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for problematic IH on head and neck."	( Propranolol for problematic head and neck hemangiomas: an analysis of 37 consecutive patients. Fan, XD; Lv, MM; Su, LX, 2012)	3.26
"Propranolol is a common beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blocker) typically prescribed to people suffering from heart disease and hypertension."	( Effects of exposure to the β-blocker propranolol on the reproductive behavior and gene expression of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Denslow, ND; Lorenzi, V; Mehinto, AC; Schlenk, D, 2012)	1.37
"Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist successfully used in a case of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). "	( Variable response to propranolol treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, and Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. Blei, F; Carcao, M; Chiu, YE; Drolet, BA; Fangusaro, J; Kelly, ME; Krol, A; Lofgren, S; Mancini, AJ; Metry, DW; Pope, E; Recht, M; Silverman, RA; Tom, WL, 2012)	2.14
"Propranolol is a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blocker) that is frequently used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions in humans. "	( Effects of propranolol on heart rate and development in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cheng, SH; de la Paz, N; Finn, J; Hui, M; Lai-Chan, L; Li, V; Lorenzi, V; Schlenk, D, 2012)	2.21
"Propranolol appears to be an effective treatment for infantile haemangiomas, particularly large segmental facial lesions. "	( Use of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an outpatient setting. Bekhor, PS; Crock, CM; Penington, AJ; Phillips, RJ, 2012)	2.28
"Oral propranolol is a safe and effective treatment for infantile subglottic hemangioma. "	( [Treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma with oral propranolol]. Tang, LX; Wang, GX; Zhang, YM, 2012)	1.14
"Propranolol is a relatively recent therapy of hemangiomas with fewer side effects, a different mechanism of action, and greater efficacy than current first-line corticosteroid therapy. "	( Propranolol versus corticosteroids in the treatment of infantile hemangioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Belzile, E; Izadpanah, A; Kanevsky, J; Schwarz, K, 2013)	3.28
"Propranolol is a β-adrenergic antagonist commonly used in the treatment of hypertension or acute anxiety."	( Propranolol reduces cognitive deficits, amyloid β levels, tau phosphorylation and insulin resistance in response to chronic corticosterone administration. Aguirre, N; Dobarro, M; Orejana, L; Ramírez, MJ, 2013)	2.55
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, heart disease, pheochromocytoma, and certain types of tremors. "	( Stability of propranolol hydrochloride in SyrSpend SF. Geiger, CM; Sorenson, B; Voudrie, MA, )	1.94
"Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and migraine prophylaxis. "	( Propranolol-induced relaxation in the rat basilar artery. Babaoglu, MO; Cekic, EG; Guler, S; Soydan, G; Tuncer, M, 2013)	3.28
"Propranolol is a beta blocker which is safely used in the management of infantile hemangiomas. "	( Novel use of propranolol for management of pain in children with vertebral hemangioma: report of two cases. Celkan, T; Gungor, S; Hasiloglu, Z; Ozdemir, N; Saygin, C; Uzunaslan, D, 2013)	2.2
"Propranolol is a strongly anabolic drug during the early, hypercatabolic period after burn. "	( Beta-blockade and growth hormone after burn. Chinkes, DL; Hart, DW; Herndon, DN; Lal, SO; Ramzy, PI; Wolf, SE, 2002)	1.76
"Propranolol is a lipophilic nonselective beta blocker mainly eliminated via the liver. "	( Propranolol cytotoxicity in rat and human lung in vitro. Dimova, S; Kastelova, A; Nemery, B, 2003)	3.2
"Propranolol CR is an effective antihypertensive formulation that may reduce blood pressure during the morning period of maximum cardiovascular risk."	( The antihypertensive efficacy and safety of a chronotherapeutic formulation of propranolol in patients with hypertension. Manowitz, N; Neutel, JM; Sica, DA; Weber, MA, 2004)	1.27
"Propranolol is an efficient multidrug resistance (MDR) modulator; it is a nonselective beta-blocker and is thought to reduce hypertension by decreasing the cardiac frequency and thus blood pressure."	( Electron cryo-microscopy reveals mechanism of action of propranolol on artificial membranes. De Carlo, S; Fiaux, H; Marca-Martinet, CA, 2004)	1.29
"Propranolol is a noncardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist that has been recently reported to prolong the QTc interval on the surface electrocardiogram in humans when overdosed [Farhangi, V., Sansone, R.A. "	( Propranolol inhibits the human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels. Becherer, JD; Hashim, MA; Lang, DG; McIntyre, MS; Song, IH; Yao, X, 2005)	3.21
"Propranolol is a widely used drug for prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis, but not all patients show an adequate clinical response. "	( Functional status of beta-2-adrenoceptor in isolated membranes of mature erythrocytes from patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. De-Madaria, E; Hernández, FT; Horga, JF; Irurzun, J; Palazón, JM; Pascual, S; Perez-Mateo, M; Such, J; Zapater, P, 2006)	1.78
"Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker used as a racemic mixture in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and angina pectoris. "	( Prominent but reverse stereoselectivity in propranolol glucuronidation by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A9 and 1A10. Finel, M; Kostiainen, R; Luukkanen, L; Qvisen, S; Sten, T; Uutela, P, 2006)	2.04
"Propranolol is a widely prescribed, nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent. "	( Enantiospecific toxicity of the beta-blocker propranolol to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. Brooks, BW; Chambliss, CK; Mottaleb, M; Ramirez, AJ; Stanley, JK, 2006)	2.04
"Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker of the beta-adrenergic receptors, and the S-enantiomer is more active compared with the R-enantiomer. "	( iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS analysis on protein profile in vascular smooth muscle cells incubated with S- and R-enantiomers of propranolol: possible role of metabolic enzymes involved in cellular anabolism and antioxidant activity. Chen, WN; Ching, CB; Sui, J; Tan, TL; Zhang, J, 2007)	1.99
"Propranolol is a known medication used in patients with TOF to prevent and control hypercyanotic spells."	( Propranolol: a new indication for an old drug in preventing postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Baslaim, GM; Kouatli, AA; Mahmoud, AB; Tantawy, AE, 2008)	2.51
"Propranolol is a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used clinically. "	( Propranolol increases the threshold for lidocaine-induced convulsions in awake rats: a direct effect on the brain. Asada, A; Hase, I; Nakamura, T; Oda, Y; Takahashi, R; Tanaka, K, 2008)	3.23
"Propranolol is an effective drug for patients with angina and has been shown to favorably alter exercise ejection fraction and myocardial perfusion images in patients with coronary disease. "	( Thallium-201 myocardial imaging during maximal and submaximal exercise: comparison of submaximal exercise with propranolol. Kirch, D; Rhodes, CA; Sklar, J; Steele, P; Vogel, R, 1983)	1.92
"Propranolol appears to be a useful antihypertensive drug in the hyperdynamic head-injured patient because it normalizes blood pressure and the underlying hemodynamic abnormalities both by its beta-adrenergic blocking action and by decreasing circulating levels of catecholamines."	( Treatment of hypertension associated with head injury. Clifton, GL; Grossman, RG; Robertson, CS; Taylor, AA, 1983)	0.99
"Propranolol is an adrenergic beta receptor antagonist whose kinetics is complicated by dose-dependency, formation of active metabolites and stereoselective availability. "	( Oxidation of (R)- and (S)-propranolol in human and dog liver microsomes. Species differences in stereoselectivity. Hermansson, J; Lind, M; von Bahr, C, 1982)	2.01
"Propranolol is a nonselective beta adrenergic blocking agent used clinically as the racemic mixture. "	( Stereospecific assay for (-)- and (+)-propranolol in human and dog plasma. Riegelman, S; Silber, B, 1980)	1.97
"Propranolol is a lipophilic non-selective beta-blocker mainly eliminated via the liver; atenolol is a hydrophilic beta 1-selective blocking agent, mainly eliminated via the kidney."	( Evaluation of the tumor-promoting activity of two beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, propranolol and atenolol, in liver of Fischer 344 rats. Ameri, L; Arias, E; Girotti, P; Mazzoleni, G; Presta, M; Radaelli, G; Ragnotti, G; Zavanella, T, 1994)	1.23
"Propranolol spray is an effective approach for providing immediate beta blockade and improving exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris."	( Improvement in exercise tolerance and immediate beta-adrenergic blockade with intranasal propranolol in patients with angina pectoris. Adjei-Poku, M; Alturk, N; Fornasier-Bongo, M; Frishman, WH; Furia, S; Landau, AJ, 1993)	1.23
"Propranolol, which is a low-cost drug, has not been fully studied in this setting."	( Use of propranolol in heart failure patients: safety, tolerability, and effects on left ventricular function. Maia, ER; Mesquita, ET; Munhoz, C; Romêo Filho, LJ; Subietta, CG; Villacorta, H, 2001)	1.49
"Propranolol proved to be a very potent antagonist of the cyclic AMP response induced by isoprenaline in vivo."	( Characterisation of the adrenoceptor mediating changes in cyclic adenosine 3'-5' monophosphate in chick cerebral hemispheres. Anson, J; Nahorski, SR; Rogers, KJ; Smith, BM, 1975)	0.98
"Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking drug with a wide spectrum of use and may diverse pharmacologic effects. "	( Propranolol and parturition. Datta, S; Kitzmiller, JL; Ostheimer, GW; Schoenbaum, SC, 1978)	3.14
"Propranolol is an effective and well tolerated antihypertensive agent in children."	( Propranolol as an antihypertensive agent in children. Griswold, WR; Higgins, S; McNeal, R; Mendoza, SA; Sellers, BB, 1978)	2.42
"Propranolol proved to be a histamine liberator by increasing the excretion in non-acclimated from 0.10 to 1.40 microgram/h and concentration from 0.10 to 4.52 microgram/ml and in cold-acclimated animals the excretion from 0.20 to 2.85 microgram/h and the concentration from 0.08 to 3.23 microgram/ml."	( Effects of reserpine and propranolol on urinary excretion of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in severe cold exposure in normal and cold-acclimated Guinea-pigs. Hirvonen, J; Huttunen, P; Vapaatalo, H, 1978)	1.28
"Propranolol is an antihypertensive drug whose mode of action in lowering arterial pressure remains undecided. "	( Central hypotensive effect of propranolol. Dollery, CT; Lewis, PJ, 1976)	1.99
"Propranolol is a local anaesthetic, membrane-stabilizing drug as well as a beta blocker. "	( Effects of propranolol on the responses of the rat stomach strip to prostaglandin E2. Ally, AI; Horrobin, DF; Karmali, RA; Karmazyn, M; Manku, MS; Morgan, RO, 1977)	2.09
"Propranolol is a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that also possesses antagonist properties at 5-HT1 receptors."	( Hormonal response to L-tryptophan infusion: effect of propranolol. Deakin, JF; Pennell, I; Upadhyaya, AK, 1990)	1.25
"Propranolol is an established agent in migraine prophylaxis. "	( Propranolol in acute migraine: a controlled study. Fuller, GN; Guiloff, RJ, 1990)	3.16
"Propranolol is a well-known powerful betareceptor-blocking agent. "	( [Synthesis and pharmacologic properties of pranolium and its optical isomers]. Flöther, FU; Foken, H; Gerbsch, S; Gröger, D; Grünheid, K; Hagen, A; Heyde, R; Lohmann, D; Schmauder, HP, 1990)	1.72
"(-)-Propranolol is a 5-HT1 antagonist of uncertain sub-type specificity."	( A behavioural and biochemical study in mice and rats of putative selective agonists and antagonists for 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Goodwin, GM; Green, AR, 1985)	0.75
"Propranolol is a useful medicament for the reduction of esophagic varices size and prevention of digestive bleeding in cirrhotic patients."	( [Propranolol in the prevention of digestive bleeding in cirrhotic patients]. Castro, R; Glez Cansino, J; Sotto, A, 1989)	1.91
"Propranolol is a better substrate than is 4-HO-P for formation of (HO)2-Ps."	( Regioisomeric aromatic dihydroxylation of propranolol. Use of monohydroxylated intermediates for structural assignments of the metabolites formed in vitro. Nelson, WL; Talaat, RE, )	1.12
"Propranolol was found to be an effective treatment of tardive akathisia in both patients."	( Propranolol in the treatment of tardive akathisia: a report of two cases. Iskandar, H; Nastase, C; Yassa, R, 1988)	2.44
"Propranolol (PRO) is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist. "	( The stimulatory effect of a single intravenous dose of propranolol of some immune parameters in humans. Baj, Z; Majewska, E; Malec, P; Markiewicz, K; Nowak, Z; Tchórzewski, H; Zeman, K, )	1.82
"Propranolol acts as a vaginal contraceptive by inhibiting sperm motility; however, some of the effect may be systemic, since propranolol drains directly into the inferior vena cava."	( Recent observations on drugs and human fertility. Turner, P, 1988)	0.9
"Propranolol is a beta-blocker devoid of intrinsic sympathetic activity whereas pindolol possesses such activity."	( [Pathogenesis of tachycardia in hyperthyroidism. Value of Holter monitoring and the use of a beta-blocker]. Abadie, E; Babalis, D; Blanche, PM; Coumel, P; Fisch, A; Leclercq, JF; Passa, P, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic blocking drug used in a variety of clinical conditions. "	( A fatal case of propranolol poisoning. Amundson, DE; Brodine, SK, 1988)	2.06
"Propranolol is a commonly used drug; of new and refilled prescriptions, it ranked no. "	( Hypertensive response to levonordefrin in a patient receiving propranolol: report of case. Mito, RS; Yagiela, JA, 1988)	1.96
"Propranolol is a highly lipophilic beta blocker that achieves high concentrations in the brain."	( Propranolol-induced depression and psychosis. Parker, WA, )	2.3
"Propranolol seems to be an effective prophylactic for common and classic migraine but the antimigraine properties of the various beta-blocking agents probably differ."	( Propranolol in the treatment of migraine. Vigander, T; Wideroe, TE, 1974)	2.42

Effects

Oral propranolol has a therapeutic function against ROP, likely through the downregulation of HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. It has a blocking effect on the sodium current ("membrane-stabilizing" effect), and it has been hypothesized that the efficacy of nadolol might be due to a similar effect. Propr ethanol has a small depressant effect on global and segmental left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease.

Propranolol has been used in the first-line therapy of infantile hemangioma (IH) for a number of years; however, the mechanisms through which propr ethanol regulates IH are not yet fully understood. Propr ethanol has been suggested as an option for the treatment of various types of cancer.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propranolol has a therapeutic function against ROP, likely through the downregulation of HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway."	( Propranolol ameliorates retinopathy of prematurity in mice by downregulating HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. Ding, Y; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Su, S; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhang, J; Zou, P, 2023)	3.8
"Oral propranolol has a good tolerance in the treatment of IHs. "	( Propranolol Treatment for Infantile Hemangiomas: Short-Term Adverse Effects and Follow-Up to Age Two. Huo, R; Li, H; Li, X; Yang, K, 2019)	2.47
"Oral propranolol has a temporary effect on IOP in SWS glaucoma and is not effective as a single treatment in this syndrome, yet can serve to delay surgical treatment for a short period of time. "	( The effect of oral propranolol on intraocular pressure in infants with Sturge-Weber syndrome glaucoma. Ben-Zion, I; Melamed, S; Spierer, A; Wygnanski-Jaffe, T, )	0.97
"Propranolol has a blocking effect on the sodium current ("membrane-stabilizing" effect), and it has been hypothesized that the efficacy of nadolol might be due to a similar effect."	( Nadolol block of Nav1.5 does not explain its efficacy in the long QT syndrome. Besana, A; George, AL; Schwartz, PJ; Wang, DW, 2012)	1.1
"Propranolol has a significantly better QTc shortening effect compared to metoprolol and nadolol, especially in patients with prolonged QTc. "	( Not all beta-blockers are equal in the management of long QT syndrome types 1 and 2: higher recurrence of events under metoprolol. Ackerman, MJ; Beckmann, BM; Blom, NA; Chockalingam, P; Clur, SA; Crotti, L; Fischer, M; Girardengo, G; Harris, KM; Hauer, RN; Johnson, JN; Kääb, S; Rordorf, R; Rydberg, A; Schwartz, PJ; Spazzolini, C; van den Heuvel, F; van der Heijden, JF; Wilde, AA, 2012)	1.82
"Propranolol has an analgetic action of its own, reducing the analgetic and antiinflammatory effects of voltaren and acetylsalicylic acid."	( [Experimental study of the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents--voltaren and acetylsalicylic acid--with beta-adrenoblockers]. Shvarts, GIa; Siubaev, RD, 1984)	0.99
"Propranolol has a small depressant effect on global and segmental left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease."	( Effects of propranolol on resting and postextrasystolic potentiated left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. Friedman, MJ; Goldman, S; Ovitt, TW; Temkin, LP, 1983)	1.38
"Propranolol plus prazosin has a greater portal pressure-lowering effect than propranolol plus ISMN. "	( Propranolol plus prazosin compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the treatment of portal hypertension. Albillos, A; Bandi, JC; Bosch, J; Cacho, G; Calleja, JL; Escartín, P; Escorsell, A; García-Pagán, JC; Iborra, J; Pérez-Paramo, M, 1998)	3.19
"Propranolol has been used in the first-line therapy of infantile hemangioma (IH) for a number of years; however, the mechanisms through which propranolol regulates IH are not yet fully understood. "	( Propranolol Suppresses Proliferation and Migration of HUVECs through Regulation of the miR-206/VEGFA Axis. Hu, C; Li, W; Lu, H; Qian, H; Qian, Y; Wu, Y; Yuan, C; Zhang, T, 2021)	3.51
"Propranolol has evolved as a first line management of infantile haemangiomas. "	( Sandwich therapy in the management of propranolol resistant infantile hemangioma of the lip. Bera, RN; Mishra, A; Pandey, V; Sharma, SP; Tiwari, P; Tiwary, N, 2022)	2.44
"Propranolol (PPL) has been suggested as an option for the treatment of various types of cancer. "	( Propranolol inhibits cell viability and expression of the pro-tumorigenic proteins Akt, NF-ĸB, and VEGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bernabé, DG; Oliveira, SHP; Shibuya, CM; Tjioe, KC, 2022)	3.61
"Propranolol has been the most commonly investigated drug for memory reconsolidation therapy in clinical trials."	( Effects of propranolol on the modification of trauma memory reconsolidation in PTSD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Benedek, DM; Canales, JJ; Eri, R; Johnson, LR; Raut, SB; Ravindran, M; Ursano, RJ, 2022)	1.83
"Propranolol has a therapeutic function against ROP, likely through the downregulation of HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway."	( Propranolol ameliorates retinopathy of prematurity in mice by downregulating HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. Ding, Y; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Su, S; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhang, J; Zou, P, 2023)	3.8
"Propranolol has emerged as a first line agent in the management of hemangiomas. "	( Bleomycin-triamcinolone sclerotherapy in the management of propranolol resistant infantile hemangioma of the maxillofacial region: A single arm prospective evaluation of clinical outcome and Doppler ultrasound parameters. Bera, RN; Pandey, V; Tiwari, P, 2023)	2.6
"Propranolol has shown clinical benefit in head injuries; however, the underlying mechanism is also unknown."	( Propranolol Reduces p-tau Accumulation and Improves Behavior Outcomes in a Polytrauma Murine Model. Collins, SM; England, LG; Goodman, MD; McGlone, ED; Morris, MC; Robson, MJ; Schuster, RM; Singer, KE; Wallen, TE, 2023)	3.07
"Propranolol (PRO) has been recently discovered to possess anti-tumorigenic effects in cancer patients. "	( Anti-proliferative effects of beta-blocker propranolol on human lung cancer and noncancer cells. Terzi, MY; Urhan-Kucuk, M, 2023)	2.62
"Oral propranolol has not been shown to impact physical development, such as weight and height. "	( The impact of propranolol on the growth and development of children with proliferative infantile hemangioma during treatment. Chen, S; Chen, X; Deng, L; Gao, J; Huang, L; Lin, X; Liu, C; Wang, Q; Wang, T, 2023)	1.78
"Oral propranolol has been widely used for problematic infantile hemangiomas (IHs). "	( Lip Infantile Hemangiomas Involving the Vermillion Border Have Worse Outcomes and Prognosis to Oral Propranolol Than Lesions Confined to One Side of the Vermillion. Huang, H; Li, W; Xu, P; Yu, Q; Zhang, W, 2020)	1.29
"Propranolol has become the first-line therapy for the treatment of complicated infantile hemangioma. "	( Assessment of Oral Propranolol Administration for Infantile Hemangioma in Oral and Maxillofacial Region Aided by Ultrasonography. Al-Mahdi, AH; Al-Sada, MA, )	1.9
"Oral propranolol has a good tolerance in the treatment of IHs. "	( Propranolol Treatment for Infantile Hemangiomas: Short-Term Adverse Effects and Follow-Up to Age Two. Huo, R; Li, H; Li, X; Yang, K, 2019)	2.47
"Propranolol has been used worldwide for over 50 years."	( The Safety and Effectiveness of High-Dose Propranolol as a Treatment for Challenging Behaviors in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Fethke, ED; London, EB; Yoo, JH; Zimmerman-Bier, B, )	1.12
"Oral propranolol has become first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IHs). "	( Serum cytokine profiles in infants with infantile hemangiomas on oral propranolol treatment: VEGF and bFGF, potential biomarkers predicting clinical outcomes. Cheuh, HW; Choi, YB; Jung, HL; Kim, HS; Lee, JH; Lee, JM; Lee, MJ; Lim, YJ; Park, ES; Park, M; Park, SK; Shim, YJ; Yoon, HS, 2020)	1.31
"Propranolol has been shown to improve erythroid progenitor cell growth and anemia following trauma and this study sought to investigate the mechanisms involved by evaluating the effects of selective beta blockade."	( The effects of selective beta-adrenergic blockade on bone marrow dysfunction following severe trauma and chronic stress. Apple, CG; Efron, PA; Funk, ZM; Kannan, KB; Miller, ES; Mohr, AM, 2020)	2
"Propranolol has become the first-line therapy for problematic infantile hemangiomas (IHs) that require systemic therapy. "	( Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol vs Atenolol in Infants With Problematic Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chen, S; Dai, S; Ji, Y; Jiang, X; Kong, F; Li, L; Lu, G; Qiu, L; Qiu, T; Xiang, B; Yang, K; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2021)	2.37
"Oral propranolol has been well established as the first-line treatment of complicated hemangiomas; however, variability in the administration protocol remains."	( Is prolonged monitoring necessary? An updated approach to infantile hemangioma treatment with oral propranolol. Johansen, ML; Lawley, LP; Mahendran, G, 2021)	1.29
"Propranolol has been demonstrated to be effective for IHs; however, the factors affecting its therapeutic effect remain unknown."	( Analysis of factors affecting the therapeutic effect of propranolol for infantile haemangioma of the head and neck. Dong, JY; Huang, YY; Li, K; Li, RH; Liu, C; Liu, SH; Ning, JX; Wang, XX; Yue, LL, 2017)	1.42
"Propranolol has recently become the treatment of choice for management of subglottic and airway hemangiomas. "	( Efficacy and rebound rates in propranolol-treated subglottic hemangioma: A literature review. Chun, RH; Faria, J; Pawar, S; Schwartz, T; Siegel, D, 2017)	2.19
"Oral propranolol has become first-line intervention for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH) that is not amenable to topical or intralesional therapies. "	( Propranolol Treatment of Vascular Anomalies Other Than Infantile Hemangioma. Alomari, MH; Goss, JA; Greene, AK; Konczyk, DJ; Maclellan, RA, 2017)	2.41
"Propranolol has been shown to have antiangiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo and is commonly used to treat hemangiomas."	( Topical propranolol improves epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - a preliminary report. Blau, H; Bruckheimer, E; Goldschmidt, N; Mei-Zahav, M; Zur, E, 2017)	1.61
"Propranolol has become the first-line treatment for complicated Infantile Hemangioma (IH), showing so far a good risk-benefit profile."	( Cardiac arrest in a toddler treated with propranolol for infantile Hemangioma: a case report. Cutrone, M; Dalle Carbonare, M; Perilongo, G; Pettenazzo, A; Sartori, S; Tosoni, A, 2017)	2.16
"Propranolol has anti-inflammatory effects that contribute to its antinociceptive action in the TMJ of females."	( Anti-inflammatory effects of propranolol in the temporomandibular joint of female rats and its contribution to antinociceptive action. Dias, EV; Parada, CA; Sartori, CR; Tambeli, CH; Teixeira, JM; Zanelatto, FB, 2018)	2.21
"Propranolol has been the first-line treatment for alarming hemangiomas. "	( Intralesional Bleomycin Injection for Propranolol-Resistant Hemangiomas. Chang, L; Chen, H; Jin, Y; Lin, X; Ma, G; Yang, X, 2018)	2.19
"Propranolol has no obvious effect on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. "	( Effects of Propranolol on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Patients with Infantile Hemangioma: A Case-Control Study. Chen, S; Ji, Y; Wang, C; Wang, Q; Xiang, B; Xiong, F, 2018)	2.31
"Propranolol has shown to be effective in treating the hypermetabolic state secondary to a major burn injury."	( The Safety and Efficacy of Propranolol in Reducing the Hypermetabolic Response in the Pediatric Burn Population. Andersen, CR; Blumenthal, E; Herndon, DN; Meyer, WJ; Ojeda, S; Robles, L; Stevens, P, 2018)	1.5
"Propranolol has become the treatment of choice for infantile hemangiomas (IH). "	( Serum concentrations of VEGF and bFGF in the course of propranolol therapy of infantile hemangioma in children: Are we closer to understand the mechanism of action of propranolol on hemangiomas? Babiak-Choroszczak, L; Bagłaj, M; Fischer, K; Gawrych, E; Giżewska-Kacprzak, K; Puchalska-Niedbał, L; Rajewska-Majchrzak, J; Walecka, A, 2018)	2.17
"Propranolol has become the treatment of choice for infantile haemangioma, but treatment protocols are largely institutional based without any specific consensus guidelines."	( Cost-effectiveness of treating infantile haemangioma with propranolol in an outpatient setting. Chaturvedi, K; Snyder, CS; Steinberg, JS, 2018)	1.45
"Propranolol has been recently introduced for the treatment of IH."	( Propranolol inhibits proliferation and invasion of hemangioma-derived endothelial cells by suppressing the DLL4/Notch1/Akt pathway. Dong, C; Gong, Y; Lei, H; Li, M; Sun, B; Sun, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2018)	2.64
"Propranolol has changed the management of infantile hemangiomas (IHs). "	( Clinical and economic impact of surgery for treating infantile hemangiomas in the era of propranolol: overview of single-center experience from La Paz Hospital, Madrid. López-Gutiérrez, JC, 2019)	2.18
"Propranolol has been used successfully in a limited number of children with infantile hemangiomas (IHs). "	( Use of propranolol for the treatment infantile hemangiomas in the maxillofacial region. Kasimova, KR; Metellmann, HR; Podmelle, F; Sadykov, RA; Sadykov, RR, 2013)	2.29
"Propranolol has emerged as front-line therapy for infantile hemangiomas (IHs). "	( Propranolol for infantile hemangioma (PINCH): an open-label trial to assess the efficacy of propranolol for treating infantile hemangiomas and for determining the decline in heart rate to predict response to propranolol. Patnaik, SK; Sondhi, V, 2013)	3.28
"Propranolol has become the first line of treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IHs), with a high response rate, but rebound growth after cessation of propranolol has been reported, primarily in the first year of life. "	( Late rebound of infantile hemangioma after cessation of oral propranolol. Dubois, J; Hatami, A; McCuaig, C; Ondrejchak, S; Powell, J; Rousseau, E; Shehata, N, )	1.82
"Oral propranolol has become the treatment of choice of infantile hemangiomas (IH)s. "	( Propranolol and infantile hemangiomas: different routes of administration, a randomized clinical trial. Abdelhalim, DM; El-Komy, M; Esmat, S; Gawdat, HI; Hegazy, RA; Rasheed, H; Zaher, H, )	2.09
"Propranolol has been suggested as the new standard of care for treatment of IH."	( Infantile hemangioma: treatment with surgery or steroids. Mawn, LA, 2013)	1.11
"Oral propranolol (OP) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of complicated infantile hemangiomas (IHs), but optimal treatment duration to avoid relapses after stopping OP treatment has not been established. "	( Long-term treatment with oral propranolol reduces relapses of infantile hemangiomas. Cernadas, C; Dovasio, F; Garcia-Monaco, R; Giachetti, A; Guerchicoff Lemcke, M; Scacchi, MF; Sojo, M, )	0.93
"Propranolol has been reported to display an antiangiogenic effect on infantile hemangiomas and also some adult cancers. "	( Antiangiogenic effect of propranolol on the growth of the neuroblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Ji, Y; Xiao, X; Xu, T; Yang, S; Zheng, J; Zheng, S; Zhu, H, 2013)	2.14
"Propranolol has been successfully used recently in a limited number of children with Infantile hemangioma."	( Propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Melo, JN; Oliveira, ZN; Rivitti-Machado, MC; Rotter, A, )	2.3
"Propranolol has been the first-line treatment for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH) since 2008. "	( Recurrence of infantile hemangioma after termination of propranolol treatment. Chang, L; Chen, H; Hu, X; Jin, Y; Lin, X; Ma, G; Qiu, Y; Yang, X; Ye, X; Yu, W, 2014)	2.09
"Oral propranolol (PRN) has recently been shown to be highly effective for infantile hemangiomas (IHs), and is currently recommended as the first-line treatment of complicated IHs. "	( Propranolol inhibits angiogenesis via down-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hemangioma derived stem cell. Li, KL; Mai, HM; Qin, ZP; Wang, YA; Zhang, L; Zheng, J; Zheng, JW, 2014)	2.36
"Propranolol has been proposed for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas."	( [Infantile hemangioma and propranolol: a therapeutic "revolution". Literature review]. Dangoisse, C; Semaille, P; Yilmaz, L, )	1.15
"Propranolol has replaced corticosteroids as preferred first-line therapy for the management of infantile hemangiomas (IH). "	( Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangiomas. Püttgen, KB, 2014)	1.85
"Propranolol has been reported to be used as a successful treatment of severe symptomatic infantile haemangiomas."	( A complication to be aware of: hyperkalaemia following propranolol therapy for an infant with intestinal haemangiomatozis. Belen, B; Dalgic, B; Oguz, A; Okur, A, 2014)	1.37
"Oral propranolol has a temporary effect on IOP in SWS glaucoma and is not effective as a single treatment in this syndrome, yet can serve to delay surgical treatment for a short period of time. "	( The effect of oral propranolol on intraocular pressure in infants with Sturge-Weber syndrome glaucoma. Ben-Zion, I; Melamed, S; Spierer, A; Wygnanski-Jaffe, T, )	0.97
"Propranolol has been widely used in treating infantile hemangiomas (IHs). "	( Propranolol enhanced adipogenesis instead of induction of apoptosis of hemangiomas stem cells. Chang, M; Ma, X; Ma, Y; Ouyang, T; Xin, S; Zhao, T, 2014)	3.29
"Propranolol, has been quickly adopted as the first line medical treatment for complicated infantile hemangioma; and it is the only treatment to have a marketing authorization in this indication."	( [Infantile hemangiomas: the revolution of beta-blockers]. Leaute-Labreze, C, 2014)	1.12
"Oral propranolol has been used to treat complicated infantile hemangiomas, although data from randomized, controlled trials to inform its use are limited."	( A randomized, controlled trial of oral propranolol in infantile hemangioma. Ballona, R; Barbarot, S; Baselga, E; Benjamin, L; Bernabeu-Wittel, J; Berul, CI; Birchall, N; Boccara, O; Boralevi, F; Buckova, H; Caceres, H; Cambazard, F; Delarue, A; Febrer Bosch, MI; Foelster-Holst, R; Frieden, IJ; Friedlander, SF; Glick, S; Grantzow, R; Guibaud, L; Heritier, S; Hoeger, P; Krol, A; Léauté-Labrèze, C; Lopez Gutierrez, JC; Mancini, AJ; Maruani, A; Mazereeuw-Hautier, J; Mehta, CR; Metz, B; Morgan, CC; Perek, D; Phillips, RJ; Pope, E; Posiunas, G; Powell, J; Prey, S; Przewratil, P; Roessler, J; Souteyrand, P; Su, J; Szalai, ZZ; Torrelo, A; Vabres, P; Valencia, AM; Voisard, JJ; Wargon, O; Wyrzykowski, D, 2015)	1.2
"Propranolol has been recently approved by health authorities to treat infantile haemangiomas (IH). "	( [Propranolol in infantile hemangiomas]. Léauté-Labrèze, C, 2015)	2.77
"Oral propranolol hydrochloride has been proven effective in treating infantile hemangiomas, and its potential efficacy in choroidal hemangiomas has been suggested. "	( Effects of oral propranolol on a juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma: a single-subject pilot study. Hirose, H; Kitano, T; Sahashi, K; Saito, AM; Tanabe, H; Tomita, Y, 2015)	1.28
"Oral propranolol has improved the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, and a pediatric oral solution of propranolol has recently been licensed in the USA and Europe. "	( Oral Propranolol: A New Treatment for Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity? Bassler, D; Bührer, C, 2015)	1.44
"Propranolol has emerged as a front-line therapy for IH."	( Propranolol Therapy for Problematic Infantile Hemangioma. Knuth, C; Murthy, A; Ng, M; Weisbrod, C, 2016)	2.6
"Propranolol has revolutionized the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, and other beta-blockers provide promising alternatives. "	( Beta-blockers for childhood vascular tumors. Bayart, CB; Brandling-Bennett, HA, 2015)	1.86
"Propranolol has been recently adopted as the first-line medical treatment for complicated infantile hemangiomas. "	( Current trends in medical management of infantile hemangioma. Ames, JA; Sykes, JM, 2015)	1.86
"Propranolol has been shown previously to decrease the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) after acute injury in rodent models; however, this acute injury model does not reflect the prolonged period of critical illness after severe trauma. "	( Daily propranolol prevents prolonged mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a rat model of lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress. Bible, LE; Gore, AV; Kannan, KB; Mohr, AM; Pasupuleti, LV; Sifri, ZC, 2015)	2.34
"Propranolol has become the first-line treatment for complicated infantile hemangiomas (CIHs) worldwide. "	( Blood Pressure Monitoring During the Induction and Maintenance Period of Propranolol Therapy for Complicated Infantile Hemangiomas: A Prospective Study of 109 Infants. Hengst, M; Hoeger, PH; Oelert, M, )	1.81
"Oral propranolol has been shown to be safe and effective in infants with infantile hemangioma (IH). "	( Oral Nadolol for Children with Infantile Hemangiomas and Sleep Disturbances with Oral Propranolol. Álvarez-del-Vayo, C; Bernabeu-Wittel, J; Conejo-Mir, J; Coserría-Sánchez, F; de la Torre-García, JM; Domínguez-Cruz, JJ; Fernández-Pineda, I; Narváez-Moreno, B, )	0.87
"Propranolol has proved efficacious for problematic IHs."	( Propranolol Targets Hemangioma Stem Cells via cAMP and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation. Edwards, AK; England, RW; Kitajewski, AA; Kitajewski, JK; Kung, JE; Munabi, NC; Shawber, CJ; Tan, QK; Weinstein, A; Wilcox, M; Wu, JK, 2016)	2.6
"Propranolol has recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of infantile hemangioma, a close pathologic counterpart of cavernous malformations."	( Propranolol Treatment of Cavernous Malformations with Symptomatic Hemorrhage. Filippidis, AS; Kalani, MYS; Spetzler, RF; Zabramski, JM, 2016)	2.6
"Propranolol has effectively diminished fear-based emotional memories in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and this effect has been attributed to traumatic memory reconsolidation blockade. "	( Propranolol's impact on cognitive performance in post-traumatic stress disorder. Ashbaugh, AR; Mahabir, M; Saumier, D; Tremblay, J, 2016)	3.32
"Propranolol has been widely used in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas since 2008. "	( Effects of systemic propranolol treatment on physical growth of patients with infantile hemangiomas. Chang, L; Chen, H; Hu, L; Huang, H; Jin, Y; Li, W; Lin, X; Ma, G; Qiu, Y; Xu, X; Zhou, B, 2016)	2.2
"Propranolol has recently been shown to be highly effective for infantile hemangioma (IH), but the mechanism of action of propranolol and the usefulness of measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) remain poorly understood. "	( Propranolol for infantile hemangioma: Effect on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor. Fukao, T; Hori, T; Kanda, K; Kawamoto, N; Kimura, T; Nozawa, A; Ozeki, M, 2016)	3.32
"Propranolol has been suggested for anxiolysis in horses, but its sedation efficacy and side effects, both when administered alone and in combination with α"	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous romifidine and propranolol administered alone or in combination for equine sedation. Brosnan, RJ; Cenani, A; Knych, HK; Madigan, JE; Madigan, S, 2017)	2.13
"Propranolol has been used as prophylaxis for variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. "	( A Randomized, Multi-Center, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Carvedilol vs. Propranolol to Reduce Portal Pressure in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Baik, SK; Jang, JY; Jeong, SW; Kim, DJ; Kim, MY; Kim, SG; Kim, TY; Kim, YS; Lee, B; Seo, YS; Sohn, JH; Suk, KT; Um, SH, 2016)	2.1
"Propranolol hydrochloride has become the primary medical treatment for problematic infantile hemangioma; however, the expression of propranolol's target receptors during growth, involution, and treatment of hemangioma remains unclear."	( Expression of β-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Proliferative, Involuted, and Propranolol-Responsive Infantile Hemangiomas. Phillips, JD; Richter, GT; Wei, T; Zhang, H, 2017)	2.13
"Oral propranolol has been recently approved for infantile hemangiomas (IHs), but potential side effects stay a challenge. "	( Oral propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: a prospective study on the role of 48-hour Holter monitoring in additional safety assessment. Parezanović, V; Petrovic, J; Topalovic, M; Trajkovic, G; Trifunovic, B; Vukomanovic, G, 2017)	1.48
"Propranolol has been recently discovered to shrink these lesions effectively."	( Propranolol, infantile haemangiomas, and serendipity: new use for an old drug. Grech, V; Scerri, C, 2011)	2.53
"Propranolol has been found in surface waters worldwide at concentrations ranging from 12 to 590ng/L."	( Chronic effects assessment and plasma concentrations of the beta-blocker propranolol in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Eccles, PD; Giltrow, E; Hutchinson, TH; McCormack, PJ; Rand-Weaver, M; Sumpter, JP; Winter, MJ, 2009)	1.31
"Propranolol has recently been introduced as a novel pharmacologic treatment for infantile hemangiomas. "	( Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: early experience at a tertiary vascular anomalies center. Buckmiller, LM; Dai, Y; Dyamenahalli, U; Munson, PD; Richter, GT, 2010)	3.25
"Propranolol use has been examined in three phases of memory, including acquisition, formation, and encoding; emotional response and consolidation; and retrieval and reconsolidation."	( Propranolol use in the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in military veterans: forgetting therapy revisited. Donovan, E, 2010)	2.52
"Propranolol has recently been reported to be useful in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. "	( Outpatient treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas with oral propranolol. Eikenberry, J; Haggstrom, A; Haider, KM; Neely, DE; Plager, DA, 2010)	2.04
"Propranolol hydrochloride has been prescribed for decades in the pediatric population for a variety of disorders, but its effectiveness in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) was only recently discovered. "	( Hypoglycemia in children taking propranolol for the treatment of infantile hemangioma. Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, PC; Holland, KE; Mancini, AJ; Wyatt, D, 2010)	2.09
"Propranolol has been used successfully in a limited number of children with infantile hemangiomas. "	( Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas. Alvarez, R; Bagazgoitia, L; Baño, A; Baselga, E; Gutiérrez, JC; Gutiérrez, M; Hernández-Martín, A; Larralde, M; Luna, P; Pardo, N; Tamariz, A; Torrelo, A, )	3.02
"Propranolol has become first-line therapy for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas in many centers. "	( β-blockers for infantile hemangiomas: a single-institution experience. Blatt, J; Buck, S; Burkhart, CN; Gold, S; Morrell, DS; Powell, C; Stavas, J; Zdanski, C, 2011)	1.81
"Propranolol has recently been reported to be an effective and safe alternative."	( The use of propranolol in the management of periocular capillary haemangioma--a systematic review. Reddy, AR; Spiteri Cornish, K, 2011)	1.48
"Oral propranolol has become a promising treatment of capillary hemangiomas (CHs) despite concerns of side effects associated with systemic beta-blockers. "	( Distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues: a comparison of topical and systemic administration. Hao, J; Li, SK; Liu, H; Yang, MB, 2011)	1.23
"Propranolol has emerged as an effective new treatment modality, with the potential to become the first-line treatment of choice."	( Failure of propranolol in the treatment of childhood haemangiomas of the head and neck. Bruce, IA; Goswamy, J; Rothera, MP, 2011)	1.48
"Propranolol has been used recently as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of hemangiomas, with satisfactory, permanent results and fewer adverse effects than corticosteroids."	( Propranolol treatment for hemangioma of infancy. Bellodi, FS; Bonini, FK; Souza, EM, )	2.3
"Propranolol has recently been reported to be a highly effective treatment for infantile hemangioma (IH) and is emerging as a first-line therapy. "	( Propranolol therapy in 55 infants with infantile hemangioma: dosage, duration, adverse effects, and outcome. Günther, P; Holland-Cunz, S; Kleber, JB; Schupp, CJ, )	3.02
"Propranolol has a blocking effect on the sodium current ("membrane-stabilizing" effect), and it has been hypothesized that the efficacy of nadolol might be due to a similar effect."	( Nadolol block of Nav1.5 does not explain its efficacy in the long QT syndrome. Besana, A; George, AL; Schwartz, PJ; Wang, DW, 2012)	1.1
"Propranolol has shown to be effective in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH), but several cases of recurrences have been reported so far. "	( Recurrence of infantile hemangiomas treated with propranolol. Bagazgoitia, L; Hernández-Martín, Á; Torrelo, A, )	1.83
"Propranolol has been detected in United States wastewater effluents at concentrations ranging from 0.026 to 1.90 μg/l."	( Effects of exposure to the β-blocker propranolol on the reproductive behavior and gene expression of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Denslow, ND; Lorenzi, V; Mehinto, AC; Schlenk, D, 2012)	1.37
"Propranolol has been found to be effective in treatment of severe hemangiomas of infancy. "	( Propranolol induces regression of hemangioma cells through HIF-1α-mediated inhibition of VEGF-A. Armijo, BS; Chim, H; Gliniak, C; Gosain, AK; Miller, E; Serret, MA, 2012)	3.26
"Propranolol has become an effective first-line treatment, and protocols for its use as well as its potential risks are outlined."	( Current management of infantile hemangiomas and their common associated conditions. Buckmiller, LM; Hartzell, LD, 2012)	1.1
"Propranolol has recently emerged as an effective drug treatment for infantile haemangiomas. "	( Use of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an outpatient setting. Bekhor, PS; Crock, CM; Penington, AJ; Phillips, RJ, 2012)	2.28
"Propranolol has established itself as the first-line treatment."	( [Treatment of hemangiomas]. Kalajoki-Helmiö, T; Lindahl, P; Overmark, M; Pitkäranta, A; Salminen, P; Vuola, P, 2012)	1.1
"Propranolol has a significantly better QTc shortening effect compared to metoprolol and nadolol, especially in patients with prolonged QTc. "	( Not all beta-blockers are equal in the management of long QT syndrome types 1 and 2: higher recurrence of events under metoprolol. Ackerman, MJ; Beckmann, BM; Blom, NA; Chockalingam, P; Clur, SA; Crotti, L; Fischer, M; Girardengo, G; Harris, KM; Hauer, RN; Johnson, JN; Kääb, S; Rordorf, R; Rydberg, A; Schwartz, PJ; Spazzolini, C; van den Heuvel, F; van der Heijden, JF; Wilde, AA, 2012)	1.82
"Propranolol has recently become a successful first-line therapy in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs)."	( Effect of propranolol on the treatment of infantile hemangiomas: a single tertiary center 3-year experience. Choi, JW; Kim, DY; Kim, KH; Park, YW; Shin, H; Yeom, KB, 2014)	2.25
"Propranolol has recently been introduced as a novel pharmacologic treatment for infantile haemangiomas, after Leaute-Labreze and colleagues observed that two patients being treated for cardiac indications had rapid regression of their haemangiomas."	( Capillary haemangioma successfully treated with oral beta-blocker in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a case report. Blaikie, A; Cloke, A; Lim, LT, 2013)	1.11
"1. Propranolol has been prescribed successfully to patients with cardiovascular diseases, but the exact mechanisms by which it reduces peripheral vascular resistance have been poorly investigated. "	( Vasorelaxing effects of propranolol in rat aorta and mesenteric artery: a role for nitric oxide and calcium entry blockade. Antunes, E; Claudino, MA; De Nucci, G; Priviero, FB; Teixeira, CE; Toque, HA; Webb, RC; Zanesco, A, )	1.06
"Propranolol has been detected in municipal effluents from the ng/L to the low-microg/L range."	( Enantiospecific toxicity of the beta-blocker propranolol to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. Brooks, BW; Chambliss, CK; Mottaleb, M; Ramirez, AJ; Stanley, JK, 2006)	1.31
"Propranolol has shown clinical usefulness in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperthrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, mitral stenosis, and pheochromocytoma."	( [Propranolol--a place in the modern therapy]. Olakowska, E; Olakowski, M, 2006)	1.97
"Propranolol has proved safe and effective for the majority of patients."	( Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and anaesthesia for thyroidectomy. Feely, J; Forrest, AL; Gunn, A; Hamilton, WF; Peden, NR, 1984)	0.99
"Propranolol has an analgetic action of its own, reducing the analgetic and antiinflammatory effects of voltaren and acetylsalicylic acid."	( [Experimental study of the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents--voltaren and acetylsalicylic acid--with beta-adrenoblockers]. Shvarts, GIa; Siubaev, RD, 1984)	0.99
"Propranolol has no effect either on the precocious cell fusion provoked by prostaglandin E or on cell fusion in control cultures."	( Regulation of muscle differentiation: stimulation of myoblast fusion in vitro by catecholamines. Curtis, DH; Zalin, RJ, 1981)	0.98
"Propranolol has a small depressant effect on global and segmental left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease."	( Effects of propranolol on resting and postextrasystolic potentiated left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. Friedman, MJ; Goldman, S; Ovitt, TW; Temkin, LP, 1983)	1.38
"Propranolol has been found to have a protective effect in experimental myocardial ischemia. "	( Treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia with propranolol. Latchaw, JP; Lesser, RP; Little, JR; Slugg, RM; Stowe, NT, )	1.83
"Propranolol has recently been shown to produce some impairment of psychomotor performance in human volunteers. "	( Comparison of effect on psychomotor performance of single doses of propranolol and acebutolol. Broadhurst, AD, 1980)	1.94
"Propranolol has no effect on myocardial oxygen consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces myocardial failure and a decrease in heart rate."	( The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of carbochromen and propranolol on the isolated dog heart. Fawaz, G; Simaan, J, 1980)	1.22
"Propranolol has been shown to be effective in both primary and secondary treatment of variceal haemorrhage; most primary prevention trials have only included patients with large oesophageal varices."	( Effect of propranolol on prevention of first variceal bleed and survival in patients with chronic liver disease. Bouchier, IA; Davies, JM; Elliot, R; Hayes, PC; Hislop, WS; Mills, PR; Plevris, JN, 1994)	2.13
"Propranolol has no observable effect on coronary collateral development despite its acknowledged ability to prevent or attenuate myocardial ischaemia."	( Lack of effect of propranolol on canine coronary collateral development during progressive coronary stenosis and occlusion. Cohen, MV, 1993)	2.06
"Propranolol, which has long been used as the standard treatment for essential tremor, has been compared with placebo and theophylline in ten newly diagnosed patients without other, prior drug treatments. "	( Efficacy of an adenosine antagonist, theophylline, in essential tremor: comparison with placebo and propranolol. Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1995)	1.95
"Propranolol has been suggested to slow aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion by a mechanism independent of simple blood pressure (BP) reduction. "	( Effects of hypertension and propranolol upon aneurysm expansion in the Anidjar/Dobrin aneurysm model. Gadowski, GR; Hendley, ED; Nichols, P; Pilcher, DB; Ricci, MA; Slaiby, JM, 1996)	2.03
"Propranolol has been shown to be effective for as long as 5 days in massively burned children to reduce heart rate and cardiac work. "	( Prolonged use of propranolol safely decreases cardiac work in burned children. Baron, PW; Barrow, RE; Herndon, DN; Pierre, EJ, )	1.91
"(+)-Propranolol (which has 100 times less beta-blocking activity than the (+/-) form) was approximately one third as effective as the (+/-) form at inhibiting isometric tension."	( Inhibitory effects of (+/-)-propranolol on excitation-contraction coupling in isolated soleus muscles of the rat. Fryer, MW; Ha, TN, 1997)	1.07
"Propranolol plus prazosin has a greater portal pressure-lowering effect than propranolol plus ISMN. "	( Propranolol plus prazosin compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the treatment of portal hypertension. Albillos, A; Bandi, JC; Bosch, J; Cacho, G; Calleja, JL; Escartín, P; Escorsell, A; García-Pagán, JC; Iborra, J; Pérez-Paramo, M, 1998)	3.19
"Propranolol has been used to attenuate reflex tachycardia during induced hypotension. "	( Splanchnic organ blood flow during calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced hypotension with or without propranolol in dogs. Inada, Y; Takeda, S; Tomaru, T, 2000)	1.96
"Propranolol has no effect on the response to any of the compounds."	( Pharmacological studies with adenine, adenosine and some phosphorylated derivatives on guinea-pig tracheal muscle. Farmer, JB; Farrar, DG, 1976)	0.98
"Propranolol alone has been demonstrated to be extremely effective in reducing arterial pressure."	( Pathophysiology of propranolol in hypertension. Frohlich, ED, 1977)	1.31
"Propranolol has non-specific inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle, which might contribute to its hypotensive activity at high concentrations, but oxprenolol has only slight peripheral effects that are probably therapeutically insignificant."	( Effects of the beta-receptor antagonists propranolol, oxprenolol and labetalol on human vascular smooth-muscle contraction. Hobson, JD; Jauernig, RA; Moulds, RF; Shaw, J, 1978)	1.25
"Propranolol has been used with sucess in the treatment of acute hyperthyroid crisis, in pre-operative preparations for thyroidectomy, for the control of symptoms and signs following the administration of radioactive iodine therapy and antithyroid drugs, during the period of diagnostic thyroid investigations and occasionally as the sole therapy."	( Propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis: a review. McDevitt, DG, 1976)	2.42
"Propranolol has been utilized safely and successfully in the preparation for thyroidectomy in four pregnant patients with thyrotoxicosis. "	( Thyrotoxicosis and pregnancy. Use of preoperative propranolol for thyroidectomy. Dickey, R; Levy, CA; Waite, JH, 1977)	1.95
"Propranolol therapy has been implicated as a cause of myocardial depression and increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. "	( Propranolol and cardiac surgery: a problem for the anesthesiologist? Bland, JW; Dunbar, RW; Jones, EL; Kaplan, JA; Sumpter, R, )	3.02
"Propranolol has been shown to reduce the extent of necrosis that develops after temporary coronary occlusion in dogs. "	( On the nature of protection by propranolol against myocardial necrosis after temporary coronary occlusion in dogs. Jennings, RB; Rasmussen, MM; Reimer, KA, 1976)	1.98
"Propranolol has been shown to improve bioenergetics and reduce anaerobic glycolysis by a depression of the hemodynamic response of ischemic myocardium."	( Metabolic evaluation of agents designed to protect the ischemic myocardium and to reduce infarct size. Brachfeld, N, 1976)	0.98
"Propranolol has been most extensively studied and proved effective in 19 of 21 controlled trials."	( [Beta-blockers and migraine]. Bousser, MG; Massiou, H, 1992)	1
"Propranolol has been demonstrated to be effective in lowering portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. "	( Effect of propranolol on portosystemic collateral circulation in patients with cirrhosis. Barbara, L; Bolondi, L; Fenyves, D; Gaiani, S; Rigamonti, A; Zironi, G, 1991)	2.13
"Propranolol-HCl has proven to be an effective treatment."	( Hearing fluctuation during migraine attacks. Activity of propranolol-HCl in rats. Bernard, PA; Bourret, CS; Stenstrom, R, 1991)	1.25
"Propranolol has been reported to inhibit platelet aggregation by mechanisms unrelated to its beta-blocking activity."	( Characterization of the effects of propranolol on the physical state of platelet membrane. Dash, D; Rao, GR, 1990)	1.28
"Propranolol has been used to reduce cardiac output and portal pressure in these patients."	( Effects of propranolol on arterial oxygenation and oxygen transport to tissues in patients with cirrhosis. Agusti, AG; Bosch, J; Garcia-Pagan, JC; Roca, J; Rodriguez-Roisin, R; Wagner, PD, 1990)	1.39
"Propranolol has not considerably influenced basal ATP-ase activity in 10(-7)-10(-4) M concentrations, 30-50% inhibition has been found in 1 X 10(-3)-5 X 10(-3) M concentrations."	( [Effect of propranolol on ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity of the rat heat]. Nosztray, K; Szabó, J; Szegi, J, 1989)	1.39
"D propranolol, which has little beta-adrenergic blocking ability, administered at doses of 6 and 12 mg/kg, and butoxamine, administered at doses of 25 and 35 mg/kg, had no significant effects on the water intakes of angiotensin II treated or water deprived rats."	( Effect of beta-adrenergic antagonists on experimentally induced drinking in female rats. Barney, CC; Katovich, MJ, 1985)	0.83
"propranolol, has been shown to be effective in compensated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis."	( [Pharmacological therapy of portal hypertension]. Miotti, T; Reichen, J, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol treatment has been used to prevent variceal bleeding; however, controlled trials of its effectiveness have produced conflicting results."	( Drug therapy for portal hypertension. Rector, WG, 1986)	0.99
"Propranolol has been effective in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias in up to 70% of patients in some series; however, a wide range of concentrations was required to produce this degree of efficacy. "	( Antiarrhythmic efficacy of propranolol: comparison of low and high serum concentrations. Duff, HJ; Mitchell, LB; Wyse, DG, 1986)	2.01
"Propranolol, for example, has been shown to have contraceptive activity when administered intra-vaginally."	( Recent observations on drugs and human fertility. Turner, P, 1988)	1
"1. Propranolol has been reported to be beneficial in treating patients suffering from a variety of diseases including migraine, psychosis and schizophrenia. "	( Stimulation of inositol phosphate production by propranolol in human neutrophils. Das, I; De Belleroche, J; Hirsch, S, 1988)	1.15
"Propranolol has been reported to prevent aortic aneurysms in the beta-aminoproprionitrile-fed broad-breasted white turkey model. "	( Propranolol delays the formation of aneurysms in the male blotchy mouse. Brophy, C; Tilson, JE; Tilson, MD, 1988)	3.16
"Propranolol has been reported to reduce portal and wedged hepatic vein pressures in man and may be useful for the prevention of variceal bleeding. "	( Effect of propranolol on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in dogs with chronic bile duct ligation. Huet, PM; Villeneuve, JP; Willems, B, )	1.98
"Propranolol has been proposed as a promising treatment for this cause of violent behavior."	( Therapeutic use of propranolol for intermittent explosive disorder. Jenkins, SC; Maruta, T, 1987)	1.32
"Propranolol has been shown previously to have beneficial effects in both animal experiments and clinical trials, and it has membrane-stabilizing properties in vitro."	( Propranolol inhibition of the neutral phospholipases A of rat heart mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytosol. Hostetler, KY; Jellison, EJ; Trotz, M, 1987)	2.44
"Propranolol has been shown to exert a protective effect in experimental myocardial, renal, and early acute focal cerebral ischemia. "	( Improved neurological outcome in experimental focal cerebral ischemia treated with propranolol. Little, JR; Standefer, M, 1986)	1.94
"Dexpropranolol has the same local anaesthetic action as propranolol with negligible beta-adrenergic receptor blocking activity, while practolol is a cardio-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent which does not have local anaesthetic activity.Saline and dexpropranolol had no significant effect on exercise time; racemic propranolol and practolol improved exercise tolerance in six subjects, the response to the two drugs being very similar in individual patients."	( Mechanism of action of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents in angina pectoris: comparison of action of propranolol with dexpropranolol and practolol. Brooke, OG; Lloyd, HJ; Robinson, BF; Wilson, AG, 1969)	0.97

Actions

Propranolol can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and tube formation of hemangioma endothelial cells. It can also block VEGF-mediated angiogenesis signaling pathway. PropranolOL in a lower dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg/day is safe and efficacious in the treatment of infantile hemangIoma.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propranolol inhibit the proliferation of HemECs and promote their apoptosis and autophagy through acting on both β1 and β2 adrenoceptor in mast cell."	( Propranolol inhibits the angiogenic capacity of hemangioma endothelia via blocking β-adrenoceptor in mast cell. Dong, C; Dong, K; Dou, L; Gao, W; He, L; Li, J; Li, K; Lu, W; Song, W; Wang, L; Xia, C; Ye, Y; Zhong, H, 2022)	3.61
"Propranolol can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and tube formation of hemangioma endothelial cells; block VEGF-mediated angiogenesis signaling pathway; suppress the expressions of downstream angiogenesis-related signaling molecules; and ultimately achieve the effect of treatment of IHs."	( Propranolol Participates in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma by Inhibiting HUVECs Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Tube Formation. Wang, X; Yuan, W, 2021)	3.51
"Propranolol could inhibit CoCl2-induced hypoxic proliferation of HUVECs through inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest."	( Propranolol Suppresses Cobalt Chloride-Induced Hypoxic Proliferation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in vitro. Li, L; Ma, L; Wei, L; Zhang, B, 2019)	3.4
"Propranolol in a lower dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg/day is safe and efficacious in the treatment of infantile hemangioma and the lesions which do not show initial response to the lower dose are unlikely to respond to the higher dose of 3-4 mg/kg/day."	( Individualized dosing of oral propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangioma: a prospective study. Kumar, B; Kumari, M; Prasad, A; Sinha, AK, 2019)	2.25
"Propranolol, at a lower dose than that used as antihypertensive (5 mg/kg, 6 wk), attenuated cognitive impairments shown by Tg2576 mice aged 9 months in the novel object recognition and fear conditioning tests."	( Propranolol reduces cognitive deficits, amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer's transgenic mice. Dobarro, M; Gerenu, G; Ramírez, MJ, 2013)	2.55
"Propranolol prevented increase of IL-10 expression in the PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells pre-incubated with β2AR agonist."	( β2-adrenergic regulation of T lymphocites function (in vitro study). Enukidze, MG; Gogebashvili, NB; Kioaroidze, SA; Lomsadze, GO; Machavariani, MG; Sanikidze, TV, 2013)	1.11
"Propranolol may suppress endometrial tissue by its antiangiogenic activity through inhibitory actions on VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9. "	( Effects of repeated propranolol administration in a rat model of surgically induced endometriosis. Caydere, M; Engin-Ustun, Y; Gulerman, HC; Keskin, SM; Mollamahmutoglu, L; Moraloglu, O; Ozyer, S; Uzunlar, O, 2014)	2.17
"Propranolol gel may suppress the proliferation of IHs by reducing VEGF."	( Effect of topical propranolol gel on plasma renin, angiotensin II and vascular endothelial growth factor in superficial infantile hemangiomas. Chen, JW; Chen, SM; Chen, SQ; Li, CJ; Tang, YJ; Wang, L; Xia, Y; Yuan, B; Zhang, ZZ, 2015)	1.47
"Propranolol gel may suppress the proliferation of superficial infantile bemangiomas by reducing VEGF and bFGF."	( [Effect of propranolol gel on plasma VEGF, bFGF and MMP-9 in proliferating infantile hemangiomas of superficial type]. Guoliang, H; Lie, W; Shaoquan, C; Shuming, C; Yujuan, T; Zaizhong, Z, 2015)	2.25
"Propranolol inhibited the increase of low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) after tilting in pro-res group."	( Hemodynamics changes after tilting and the efficacy of preventive drugs. Asano, T; Itho, H; Kobayashi, Y; Minoura, Y; Onuki, T; Tanno, K; Watanabe, N, 2008)	1.07
"Oral propranolol at a lower dose is a safe and effective method for the treatment of infantile parotid hemangioma. "	( [Treatment of infantile parotid hemangioma with propranolol]. Ge, CX; Li, KL; Liu, XJ; Qin, ZP; Tai, MZ, 2010)	1.13
"Propranolol will also increase the ESV, which contributes to a decreased EF, while the SBP, DBP and EDV are not statistically changed."	( Effects of propranolol on the left ventricular volume of normal subjects during CT coronary angiography. Jaw, FS; Jeng, CM; Mo, YH; Peng, SF; Wang, YC, )	1.24
"Propranolol may suppress hemangioma growth by inhibiting expression of eNOS protein and subsequent production of nitric oxide."	( Decreased eNOS protein expression in involuting and propranolol-treated hemangiomas. Buckmiller, L; Dai, Y; Fan, CY; Hou, F; Richter, GT; Saad, A; Suen, J, 2012)	1.35
"Propranolol was able to inhibit the appearance of germ tubes without decreasing growth rate."	( Propranolol inhibits hyphal development in Candida albicans. Baker, CA; Desrosiers, K; Dolan, JW, 2002)	2.48
"Propranolol prevented the increase in ALC observed at 96 and 144 h, indicating that the recovery in ALC was mediated by a recovery of beta-AR function and beta-AR signaling."	( Impaired alveolar liquid clearance after 48-h isoproterenol infusion spontaneously recovers by 96 h of continuous infusion. Folkesson, HG; Hodnichak, CM; Maron, MB; Stader, SM, 2006)	1.06
"The propranolol failed to produce any measurable effects on acquisition or retention of the CR and there was no evidence of increased conditionability in individuals diagnosed with PTSD."	( Effects of beta blockade, PTSD diagnosis, and explicit threat on the extinction and retention of an aversively conditioned response. Gilbertson, MW; Lasko, NB; Metzger, LJ; Milad, MR; Orr, SP; Pitman, RK, 2006)	0.81
"Propranolol was found to increase the power of low- and high-frequency components of the heart rate."	( [The role of vagal control in the action of propranolol on the chronotropic cardiac function]. Kaverina, NV; Lebedeva, MA; Lyskovtsev, VV; Popova, EP, )	1.11
"Propranolol failed to produce a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and elevated diastolic blood pressure."	( Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to exercise after adrenoceptor blockade in humans. Brown, JE; Kitchell, BB; Kuhn, C; McLeod, AA; Sedor, FA; Shand, DG; Williams, RS, 1984)	0.99
"d-Propranolol did not inhibit the heart rate response but inhibited the blood lactate response to isoproterenol significantly."	( Increase of myocardial pH by 1- and d-propranolol during ischemia of the heart in dogs. Abiko, Y; Sakai, K, 1980)	1.09
"Propranolol reduced the increase in cardiac weight following T4 administration from 28% to 11%, but had a modest or no effect on T4-induced changes in other metabolic variables studied."	( A study of cardiac effects of thyroid hormones: evidence for amelioration of the effects of thyroxine by sodium ipodate. Chopra, IJ; Huang, TS; Hurd, RE; Solomon, DH, 1984)	0.99
"4. Propranolol produces an increase in the biosynthesis of acidic phospholipids and inhibition in the biosynthesis of zwitterionic lipids in the entire toad retina."	( Propranolol increases the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine in the toad retina. Studies in the entire and subcellular fractions. Bazán, NG; Careaga, MM; Pascual de Bazán, HE, 1981)	2.22
"Propranolol appeared to inhibit both the formation of DG from phosphatidic acid and the further metabolism of DG, probably to MG."	( Reversibility of propranolol-induced changes in the biosynthesis of monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipids in the retina. Bazan, NG; Ilincheta de Boschero, MG, 1983)	1.33
"Propranolol blocked the increase in PRA during low CSP but had no effect on the elevated PRA during high CSP."	( Carotid baroreflex regulation of plasma renin levels. Ammons, WS; Koyama, S; Manning, JW; Santiesteban, HL, 1980)	0.98
"Propranolol did not cause significant additional changes in plasma catecholamine contents during the subsequent 3 d."	( Propranolol decreases sympathetic nervous activity reflected by plasma catecholamines during evolution of myocardial infarction in man. Ayres, SM; Mueller, HS, 1980)	2.43
"Propranolol failed to produce a significant improvement overall in any of the akathisia measures, with only one patient showing clinical improvement."	( Intravenous benztropine and propranolol challenges in acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia. Loneragan, C; Sachdev, P, 1993)	1.3
"Propranolol was used to inhibit elevated adrenergic activity."	( Rapid formation of capillary endothelial cells in rat skeletal muscle after exposure to insulin. Björntorp, P; Holmäng, A; Jennische, E, 1996)	1.02
"The propranolol abolished the increase in energy expenditure during the initial 30 min due to the meal containing red pepper."	( Effects of red-pepper diet on the energy metabolism in men. Kikuzato, S; Kiyonaga, A; Lim, K; Shindo, M; Suzuki, M; Tanaka, H; Yoshioka, M, 1995)	0.77
"Propranolol did not inhibit alveolar fluid clearance in either group, indicating that stimulation was not secondary to endogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation."	( Dexamethasone and thyroid hormone pretreatment upregulate alveolar epithelial fluid clearance in adult rats. Abedinpour, P; Folkesson, HG; Matthay, MA; Norlin, A; Wang, Y, 2000)	1.03
"Propranolol did not cause any change in E2 secretion, and when given with Me, it only partially blocked but could not entirely prevent E2 output."	( Influence of melatonin on basal and gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone and estradiol secretion of cultured human granulosa cells and in the superfused granulosa cell system. Bódis, J; Koppán, M; Kornya, L; Tinneberg, HR; Török, A, 2001)	1.03
"DL-Propranolol did not inhibit stimulation of glucagon."	( Glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase in human renal medulla. Barnes, LD; Dousa, TP; Hui, YS; Mulvehill, JB; Palumbo, PJ, 1976)	0.77
"Propranolol did not cause this pressor effect in prehypertensive (seven week old) SHRs."	( Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs in spontaneous hypertension. Levy, JV, 1976)	0.98
"d-Propranolol did not produce a natriuresis."	( Propranolol induces acute natriuresis by beta blockade and dopaminergic stimulation. Baines, AD; Carrara, MC, 1976)	2.26
"Only propranolol will inhibit this effect."	( Mode of action of beta blockers in angina pectoris. Ablad, B; Carlsson, E; Ek, L; Johnsson, G, 1977)	0.71
"Propranolol does not lower noradrenaline or modify the increase in noradrenaline after sodium nitroprusside."	( Acute and chronic beta-receptor blockage with propranolol and the cardiovascular responses to intravenous sodium nitroprusside in the conscious rabbit. Reid, JL, )	1.11
"DL-Propranolol blocked the increase in glycolysis caused by noradrenaline, isoprenaline, sodium fluoride and analogues of 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate."	( A study of the neurohumoral control of glycolysis in the mouse brain in vivo: role of noradrenaline and dopamine. Leonard, BE, )	0.65
"Propranolol did not enhance this effect."	( Catecholamine effects on cyclic AMP levels and ion secretion in rabbit ileal mucosa. Field, M; Henderson, A; Sheerin, HE; Smith, PL, 1975)	0.98
"Propranolol is able to increase the amount of the titratable groups of mitochondrial membranes. "	( Change of mitochondrial buffering capacity induced by propranolol. Järvisalo, JO, 1975)	1.95
"Propranolol prevented the increase in PRA."	( Renal vascular response to heat stress in baboons--role of renin-angiotensin. Eisman, MM; Rowell, LB, 1977)	0.98
"Propranolol did not produce this effect in workers who had not complained of respiratory symptoms."	( Bronchoconstriction in potroom workers. Gomzi, M; Sarić, M; Zuskin, E, 1979)	0.98
"Propranolol may cause deterioration in glucose tolerance in some subjects with hyperthyroidism and this possibility should not be overlooked."	( Effect of propranolol on glucose tolerance in hyperthyroidism. Harrower, AD; Nairn, IM; Strong, JA, 1977)	1.38
"DL-Propranolol inhibited the increase in 45Ca efflux and renin release resulting from noradrenaline stimulation."	( Stimulation of renin secretion and calcium efflux from the isolated perfused cat kidney by noradrenaline after prolonged calcium deprivation. Harada, E; Rubin, RP, 1978)	0.77
"3. Propranolol prevented the increase in plasma glucose concentration seen 1 h after reserpine but it did not affect subsequent changes."	( Short-term stressor effects of reserpine. Freeman, BM; Manning, AC, 1978)	0.77
"Propranolol can produce a significant reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption and may redirect coronary flow to ischemic areas."	( Unstable angina pectoris. Cairns, JA; Fantus, IG; Klassen, GA, 1976)	0.98
"Propranolol did not inhibit metolazone stimulated PRA but did cause further decline in B.P."	( Antihypertensive and renin angiotensin effects of metolazone with and without propranolol. Barrett, JD; Eggena, P; Sambhi, MP; Thananopavarn, C; Tuck, M; Wiedman, C, 1977)	1.21
"Propranolol appeared to increase plasma volume but had no significant effect on the relationship of CPK distribution space to plasma volume."	( The effect of propranolol on canine myocardial CPK distribution space and rate of disappearance. Cairns, JA; Klassen, GA, 1977)	1.34
"Propranolol blocked the increase in plasma IRI produced by ISO, but the ISO-induced rise in plasma glucose was antagonized imcompletely."	( Catecholamine-induced changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels in the unanesthetized rabbit. Ellis, S; Moratinos, J; Potter, DE, 1977)	0.98
"Propranolol may cause marked bradyarrhythmias in some patients with sinus node dysfunction, and should be used with caution in these patients."	( Electrophysiologic effects of propranolol on sinus node function in patients with sinus node dysfunction. Gilbert, M; Miller, HC; Strauss, HC; Svenson, RH; Wallace, AG, 1976)	1.27
"Propranolol may produce beneficial effects in angina pectoris by a decrease in epi/endo (via a reduction in heart rate) and MVO2 and by beta adrenergic blockade of the deleterious effects of catecholamines."	( Effect of propranolol on regional myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption. Gross, GJ; Hardman, HF; Warltier, DC, 1976)	1.38
"Propranolol was found to increase angiotensin activity and to reduce the plasma renin level."	( EPFFECT OF PROPRanolol on plasma renin level and angiotensin sensitivity in man. Gachályi, B; Káldor, A; Kállay, K, 1976)	1.37
"Propranolol teneded to increase the effect of lower doses of ethanol in a dose-dependent manner."	( Interaction of propranolol and phentolamine with ethanol in the rat. Frankel, D; Kalant, H; Khanna, JM; LeBlanc, AE, 1976)	1.33
"Propranolol did not inhibit any of the respiratory effects of those bronchoconstrictors analyzed."	( Bronchopulmonary responses to prostaglandin F2alpha, histamine and acetylcholine in the dog. Wasserman, MA, )	0.85
"3. Propranolol was able to increase the permeation of chloride ion through the inner mitochondrial membrane in nonenergized and energized conditions."	( Action of propranolol on mitochondrial proton fluxes. Järvisalo, JO, 1975)	1.17
"Propranolol prevented the increase in PRA following sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy, but not that in MAP or PCV."	( Increase in renin release after sionaortic denervation and cervical vagotomy. Bartter, FC; Delea, CS; Kelly, G; Yun, JC, 1976)	0.98
"Propranolol did not blunt postprandial hyperemia."	( A randomized study of propranolol on postprandial portal hyperemia in cirrhotic patients. Albano, O; Buonamico, P; Ferraioli, G; Groszmann, RJ; Lerner, E; Mahl, T; Sabbá, C; Taylor, KJ, 1992)	1.32
"Propranolol infusion at a lower rate (0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for 20 min followed by 0.12 microgram.kg-1.min-1) had little effect on the magnitude of increase in PRA when infused either iv or ira."	( Dual adrenergic control of renin during nonhypotensive hemorrhage in conscious dogs. Blair, ML; Gengo, FM; Hisa, H; Radke, KJ; Sladek, CD, 1991)	1
"Propranolol augmented the increase in aortic pressure with KY, inhibited the increase in aortic flow with KY and reversed KY-induced decrease in TPR to an increase."	( Effects of a senso (toad venom) containing drug on systemic hemodynamics, cardiac function and myocardial oxygen consumption in anesthetized dogs. Noguchi, K; Ojiri, Y; Sakanashi, M, 1991)	1
"Propranolol was found to cause depression as a side effect with a statistically greater frequency than the control medications used in these trials."	( Propranolol and depression: evidence from the antihypertensive trials. Patten, SB, 1990)	2.44
"propranolol blocked the increase in pial arteriolar diameter after application of 10(-4) M cocaine and produced significant vasoconstriction in small arterioles (-8.3 +/- 3.1%)."	( Effects of cocaine on pial arterioles in cats. Dohi, S; Hudak, ML; Jones, MD; Traystman, RJ, 1990)	1
"Propranolol does not inhibit phosphoinositide-specific PLC and yet it causes almost complete inhibition of the total DG mass accumulation in C5a-stimulated neutrophils."	( Complement C5a activation of phospholipase D in human neutrophils. A major route to the production of phosphatidates and diglycerides. Billah, MM; Egan, RW; Mullmann, TJ; Siegel, MI, 1990)	1
"Propranolol did not inhibit the ability of clenbuterol to stimulate protein accretion but reduced the increase in muscle fibre size."	( Propranolol apparently separates the physical and compositional characteristics of muscle growth induced by clenbuterol. Delday, MI; Hay, SM; Maltin, CA; Reeds, PJ; Smith, FG, 1987)	2.44
"Propranolol inhibits the increase in enzyme activity induced by catecholamines, whereas phentolamine is ineffective."	( Adenylate cyclase of catfish hepatocyte membranes: basal properties and sensitivity to catecholamines and glucagon. Brighenti, L; Fabbri, E; Gavioli, ME; Ottolenghi, C; Puviani, AC, 1988)	1
"Propranolol did, however, cause a greater rise in serum K+ than placebo (P less than 0.02) and atenolol (P = NS) after exercise."	( Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on thermoregulation during prolonged exercise. Cilliers, JF; Gordon, NF; Kielblock, AJ; Krüger, PE; Van der Linde, A; Van Rensburg, JP, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol did not cause such an immediate hypotensive effect."	( Autonomic and antihypertensive activity of oral amosulalol (YM-09538), a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent in conscious rats. Honda, K; Miyata-Osawa, A; Nakagawa, C; Shiono, K; Takenaka, T, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol did not inhibit the tremor although it eliminated the 12 Hz peak frequency."	( Ethanol withdrawal tremor potentiates the tremorogenic action of nicotine. Gothóni, P; Ikola, W, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol and atropine inhibit cleavage divisions of X."	( The influence of second messengers and related substances on the sensitivity of early embryos to cytostatic neurochemicals. Buznikov, GA; Grigoriev, NG; Turpaev, TM, 1986)	0.99
"Propranolol prevented the increase in QT/QS2 ratio induced by active standing."	( Effects of aging and beta-adrenergic-blockade on standing-induced QT/QS2 changes. Acanfora, D; Canonico, V; Cicatiello, AM; Cuomo, S; De Caprio, L; Gallucci, F; Papa, M; Rengo, F; Vigorito, C, 1989)	1
"Propranolol did not produce any significant changes while disopyramide was much more effective in changing the data in a direction suggesting diminution of left ventricular outflow gradient."	( Combination of disopyramide and propranolol in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Christoulas, S; Cokkinos, DV; Ioannou, NE; Salpeas, D, )	1.14
"Propranolol abolished the increase in HR."	( Substance K: vascular and cardiac effects in rat and pig. Bayorh, MA; Eimerl, J; Ezra, D; Faden, AI; Feuerstein, G; Zukowska-Grojec, Z, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol inhibits the increase in heart rate to both electrical stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline, whereas bretylium inhibits only electrically induced increases."	( Method for stimulating the adrenergic system of an isolated perfused rat heart. Elworthy, PM, 1987)	0.99
"The propranolol group had a lower cumulative probability of experiencing recurrent resting angina than the placebo group (p = .013), and over the first 4 days of the trial the mean number of clinical episodes of angina (propranolol 0.9 +/- 0.2, placebo 1.8 +/- 0.3, p = .036), duration of angina (propranolol 15.1 +/- 4.3 min, placebo 38.1 +/- 8.4, p = .014), and nitroglycerin requirement (propranolol 1.1 +/- 0.3 tablets, placebo 3.5 +/- 0.8, p = .003) were also fewer."	( Effect of the addition of propranolol to therapy with nifedipine for unstable angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Achuff, SC; Baughman, KL; Brinker, JA; Chandra, NC; Gottlieb, SO; Mellits, ED; Ouyang, P; Shapiro, EP; Traill, TA; Weisfeldt, ML, 1986)	1.05
"(-)-Propranolol was able to inhibit the binding of IPR in serum and to isolated AAG, but not to HSA or to SLP."	( Binding of catecholamines to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, albumin and lipoproteins in human serum. Bratlid, H; Little, C; Sager, G, 1987)	0.75
"Propranolol impeded the increase in MV values in all three axes, significantly those in the z axis (vertical), the differences in MV values between the two measurements being minimal in the beta-receptor blocked group."	( The effect of propranolol on whole-body microvibrations during examination stress. Gerber, H; Koller, EA; Studer, R; Stüssi, E, 1986)	1.35
"Propranolol led to an increase of triglycerides and a decrease of HDL cholesterol in plasma, the latter consisting in a small increase of unesterified cholesterol and a larger decrease of cholesteryl esters."	( Inhibition of lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer by propranolol treatment in man. Hummel, S; Schauer, I; Schauer, UJ; Thielmann, K, 1985)	1.24
"Propranolol was found to produce a similar "quinidine-like" effect on the transmembrane actionpotential in both cardiomyopathic and control tissue."	( Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An electrophysiological study. Coltart, DJ; Meldrum, SJ, 1970)	0.97
"Propranolol does not produce postural or exercise hypotension and it seems that it is often more acceptable to patients than conventional drugs."	( Treatment of hypertension with propranolol. Gillam, PM; Prichard, BN, 1969)	1.25

Treatment

Propranolol treatment beginning before high-altitude (4,300 m) ascent reduced heart rate during maximal and submaximal exercise in six healthy men treated with propranolols. PropranolOL treatment led to an externalization of beta-receptors from light vesicle to sarcolemmal fractions.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propranolol treatment abrogated the elaboration of inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the brain instigated in our model, having no treatment effects in non-DFP exposed groups."	( The β-adrenergic receptor blocker and anti-inflammatory drug propranolol mitigates brain cytokine expression in a long-term model of Gulf War Illness. Kelly, KA; Michalovicz, LT; Miller, DB; O'Callaghan, JP; Sullivan, K, 2021)	1.58
"In propranolol-treated HMC-1s, the expressions of ADRB1 (β1-AR) and ADRB2 (β2-AR) were reduced by 70% and 60%, respectively, and that of cytokines and mediators were reduced. "	( Propranolol inhibits the angiogenic capacity of hemangioma endothelia via blocking β-adrenoceptor in mast cell. Dong, C; Dong, K; Dou, L; Gao, W; He, L; Li, J; Li, K; Lu, W; Song, W; Wang, L; Xia, C; Ye, Y; Zhong, H, 2022)	2.79
"Oral propranolol is a safe treatment for IH. "	( Safety assessment of propranolol for infantile hemangioma: a study in an Asian population. Han, X; He, R; Li, L; Liu, Y; Ma, L; Qiu, L; Sun, Y; Wang, C; Wei, L; Xiu, B; Xu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, B, 2022)	1.55
"Propranolol treatment elevated the activity of caspase-3 and expression of bax, Wee1, GADD153 and apoptosis-inducing factor, but decreased bcl-2 which is an antiapoptotic protein."	( Anti-tumoral effect of beta-blockers on prostate and bladder cancer cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Özler, S; Pazarci, P, 2022)	1.44
"Propranolol treatment leads to a significantly higher rate of complete response than atenolol. "	( Should Propranolol Remain the Gold Standard for Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Propranolol Versus Atenolol. Carroll, W; Chen, T; Clemmens, C; Gudipudi, R; Nguyen, SA, 2023)	2.81
"Propranolol pretreatment had no impact on analgesia from oral hydromorphone."	( CYP2D in the brain impacts oral hydrocodone analgesia in vivo. Miksys, S; Novalen, M; Richards, J; Tyndale, RF, 2022)	1.44
"Propranolol treatment mostly leads to regression of hemangiomas with satisfactory aesthetic results, but unfortunately not in all cases."	( Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser for residual infantile hemangioma after propranolol treatment. Avitan-Hersh, E; Khamaysi, Z; Pam, N; Zaaroura, H, 2023)	1.87
"Propranolol is the treatment of choice for infantile hemangioma. "	( The effect of early and long-term propranolol therapy on learning and memory in mice. Büyükavci, M; Büyükokuroğlu, ME; Orhan, MF; Tanyeri, P, 2023)	2.63
"Propranolol treatment was started on 22 IH patients."	( Can Propranolol Affect Platelet Indices in Infantile Hemangioma? Eker, I; Eroglu, N; Kar, YD; Pektas, A; Sen, HS, 2023)	2.19
"Propranolol treatment maintained low T3 state and improved cardiac function additionally."	( Propranolol inhibits myocardial infarction-induced brown adipose tissue D2 activation and maintains a low thyroid hormone state in rats. Araujo, IG; Império, GE; Marassi, MP; Mecawi, AS; Olivares, EL; Reis, LC; Seara, FAC; Silva, ACM, 2019)	2.68
"Propranolol treatment did not modify diuresis or natriuresis in any experimental group."	( Is renal ß-adrenergic-WNK4-NCC pathway important in salt hypertension of Dahl rats? Hojná, S; Kopkan, L; Vaněčková, I; Vaňourková, Z; Zicha, J, 2019)	1.24
"Propranolol treatment over the effector phase moderated EAE course."	( Propranolol diminished severity of rat EAE by enhancing immunoregulatory/protective properties of spinal cord microglia. Jasnić, N; Leposavić, G; Pilipović, I; Prijić, I; Stojić-Vukanić, Z, 2020)	2.72
"Propranolol-treated patients also showed relative upregulation of CD34+ cell-associated gene transcripts (P = .011) and relative downregulation of myeloid progenitor-containing CD33+ cell-associated gene transcripts (P = .001)."	( Propranolol inhibits molecular risk markers in HCT recipients: a phase 2 randomized controlled biomarker trial. Chhabra, S; Cole, SW; D'Souza, A; Dhakal, B; Giles, KE; Hamadani, M; Hari, P; Horowitz, MM; Knight, JM; Logan, BR; Pasquini, MC; Rizzo, JD; Shah, N; Sriram, D, 2020)	2.72
"Propranolol-treatment is the first-line therapy for infantile hemangiomas and the side effects are reversible and mostly benign."	( Propranolol Specifically Suppresses the Viability of Tumorous Schwann Cells Derived from Plexiform Neurofibromas Friedrich, RE; Guo, L; Kiuwe, L; Mautner, V; Smeets, R; Zou, Z, )	2.3
"Propranolol may provide a treatment option for suppressing the growth of PNFs."	( Propranolol Specifically Suppresses the Viability of Tumorous Schwann Cells Derived from Plexiform Neurofibromas Friedrich, RE; Guo, L; Kiuwe, L; Mautner, V; Smeets, R; Zou, Z, )	3.02
"Propranolol treatment was standardized as once a day at 1.0mg/kg for patients younger than 2 months, and twice a day at 1.0mg/kg (per dose) for patients older than 2 months."	( Propranolol for infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma: Clinical evaluation of drug efficacy and safety using a single-center patient cohort. Gao, H; Gu, S; Li, J; Liang, Y; Shan, Y; Tian, R; Wang, J; Xie, C; Xu, M; Zhang, L, )	2.3
"Propranolol treatment reduced the occurrence of OSCC by 31%, 95% CI ( - 127, 216). "	( Beta-adrenergic blocker inhibits oral carcinogenesis and reduces tumor invasion. Bernabé, DG; Biasoli, ÉR; Cecilio, HP; Furuse, C; Kayahara, GM; Miyahara, GI; Oliveira, SHP; Pereira, KM; Valente, VB, 2020)	2
"The propranolol treatment group exhibited a remarkable difference as compared with the other group. "	( The impact of propranolol on apoptosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Celik, E; Kaplan, HM; Singirik, E, 2020)	1.48
"Oral propranolol is the treatment of choice for infantile hemangiomas. "	( Recurrence rate of infantile hemangioma after oral propranolol therapy. Byeon, JO; Frongia, G; Günther, P; Mehrabi, A, 2021)	1.39
"The propranolol treatment (20 mg/kg body weight) started 12 days after MNU administration and lasted 10 weeks."	( Chronic propranolol treatment moderately attenuated development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma in female rats. Cernackova, A; Horvathova, L; Macejova, D; Mravec, B; Tibensky, M; Tillinger, A, 2021)	1.54
"Mean propranolol treatment duration was 11.1 ± 4.9 months."	( Infantile Hemangiomas Cleared by Combined Therapy With Pulsed Dye Laser and Propranolol. Aoki, R; Ogawa, R; Sugimoto, A; Toyohara, E, 2021)	1.31
"Propranolol is the treatment of choicefor complicated infantile hemangiomas (IH). "	( Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas in developing countries. Lawley, LP; McMichael, J, 2017)	3.34
"Propranolol treatment did not modify obesogenic effect of HFD feeding."	( Propranolol treatment lowers blood pressure, reduces vascular inflammatory markers and improves endothelial function in obese mice. Brum, PC; Carneiro, EM; da Silva Franco, N; Davel, AP; Guizoni, DM; Lubaczeuski, C; Santos-Silva, JC; Victorio, JA, 2017)	2.62
"Propranolol-treated hemangioma tissues were collected and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was examined."	( Propranolol inhibits the proliferation, migration and tube formation of hemangioma cells through HIF-1α dependent mechanisms. Bai, N; Bi, JH; Chen, YZ; Huo, R; Li, XQ; Liu, XW; Xu, GQ; Zhang, LF, 2017)	2.62
"Propranolol treatment decreased the expression of adrenergic receptor β‑2 to a greater extent than adrenergic receptor β‑1, and induced apoptosis in the liver cancer cells."	( Propranolol suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of liver cancer cells. Han, T; Liu, H; Lv, H; Tang, F; Wang, F; Wang, P; Xu, R; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2018)	2.64
"Propranolol treatment (2 mg/kg/day in three doses) for infantile haemangioma is well tolerated and safe and may be administered and monitored in an ambulatory setting."	( Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day-care hospitalization setting. Atar Snir, V; Ben-Amitai, D; Fogel, I; Friedland, R; Lapidoth, M; Ollech, A; Valdman-Greenshpon, Y; Zvulunov, A, 2018)	2.2
"Propranolol treatment had no effect on consolidation of extinction learning, but impaired reconsolidation of self-administration."	( Noradrenergic β-receptor antagonism in the basolateral amygdala impairs reconsolidation, but not extinction, of alcohol self-administration: Intra-BLA propranolol impairs reconsolidation of alcohol self-administration. Chesworth, R; Corbit, LH, 2018)	1.4
"Propranolol treatment of induced pluripotent stem cells, which express mir-498(46) endogenously, reduced the expression of both LIN28B and mir-498(46) and increased the expression of let-7."	( Modulation of LIN28B/Let-7 Signaling by Propranolol Contributes to Infantile Hemangioma Involution. Akat, KM; Canfield, J; Lockhart, J; Matar, A; Mong, EF; Totary-Jain, H; Tsibris, JCM; Tuschl, T; VanWye, J; Wu, JK, 2018)	1.47
"The propranolol +2DG treatment efficiently prevents prostate cancer cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, alters mitochondrial morphology, inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics and aggravates ER stress in vitro and also suppresses tumor growth in vivo."	( Propranolol sensitizes prostate cancer cells to glucose metabolism inhibition and prevents cancer progression. Brohée, L; Castronovo, V; Colige, AC; Deroanne, CF; Nusgens, B; Peulen, O; Thiry, M, 2018)	2.4
"Propranolol treatment remains a well tolerated therapy, with low risk of adverse events or long-term neurocognitive effects."	( Infantile hemangiomas: what have we learned from propranolol? Ghareeb, E; Hagen, R; Jalali, O; Zinn, Z, 2018)	1.46
"The propranolol treatment for the patient with suspected of bronchial asthma was suspended for 4 months."	( Oral propranolol for infantile hemangiomas beyond the proliferative phase. Kagami, S; Katori, T, 2018)	1.48
"Propranolol treatment decreased tumor size as compared to the control group. "	( Propranolol inhibits the activity of PI3K, AKT, and HIF-1α in infantile hemangiomas. Huang, G; Lin, H; Lin, Z; Wang, L; Wang, W, 2018)	3.37
"• Propranolol treatment achieves better outcomes and less side effects than systemic corticosteroids."	( Clinical and economic impact of surgery for treating infantile hemangiomas in the era of propranolol: overview of single-center experience from La Paz Hospital, Madrid. López-Gutiérrez, JC, 2019)	1.29
"Propranolol is the treatment of choice for complicated IH."	( [Infantile haemangioma: an update]. Ott, H; Reimer, A, 2019)	1.24
"The propranolol group was treated with propranolol ointment and the control group was treated with propranolol matrix cream to cover the wound surface."	( Propranolol regulates ERK1/2 signaling pathway and promotes chronic wound healing in diabetic rats. Chang, F; Chang, X; Li, S; Xue, XD, 2019)	2.44
"Propranolol- vs. placebo-treated participants evidenced significantly greater attenuation of craving and cardiovascular reactivity during the test session. "	( A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of post-retrieval propranolol on reconsolidation of memory for craving and cue reactivity in cocaine dependent humans. Baker, NL; Brady, KT; Gray, KM; Hartwell, KJ; Larowe, SD; McRae-Clark, AL; Saladin, ME; Yeatts, SD, 2013)	2.06
"Propranolol (P) treatment exerts a preventive effect against the detrimental consequences to bone status in mildly chronically food-restricted growing rats (NGR) by an increment in cortical bone and by improving its spatial distribution."	( [Operational mechanism modification of bone mechanostat in an animal model of nutritional stress: effect of propranolol]. Boyer, PM; Bozzini, C; Friedman, SM; Lezón, CE; Pintos, PM, )	1.79
"Oral propranolol is now the treatment of choice in many situations."	( Ulcerated nasal infantile haemangioma treated by oral propranolol. Al Dosari, S; Riad, H, 2013)	1.09
"Propranolol treatment (2.0-3.0mg/kg/day) was initiated between 3 weeks and 6 months of age."	( Propranolol treatment in life-threatening airway hemangiomas: a case series and review of literature. Broeks, IJ; Dassel, AC; Hermans, DJ; van Beynum, IM; van der Vleuten, CJ, 2013)	2.55
"Propranolol treatment decreases urinary excretion of MMP-9 in patients with IH. "	( Propranolol-mediated attenuation of MMP-9 excretion in infants with hemangiomas. Bauman, N; Brown, KJ; Movius, E; Preciado, D; Saieg, A; Thaivalappil, S, 2013)	3.28
"Oral propranolol hydrochloride treatment has been proven effective for infantile hemangiomas. "	( Effects of oral propranolol on circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: a pilot study. Hirose, H; Kitano, T; Sahashi, K; Saito, AM; Tanabe, H; Tomita, Y, 2013)	1.25
"Propranolol treatment interferes less with normal issues in daily life, compared to OCS."	( Parental experiences with propranolol versus oral corticosteroids for complicated infantile hemangioma, a retrospective questionnaire study. Evers, AW; Hermans, DJ; Van Der Vleuten, CJ; Zweegers, J, )	1.15
"Propranolol treatment did not significantly alter the torsional strength of the fractured femur compared with controls."	( Low dose of propranolol does not affect rat osteotomy healing and callus strength. Blunn, G; Chenu, C; Crossfield, L; Goodship, A; Hughes, G; Smitham, P, 2014)	1.5
"Propranolol treatment also significantly (P = 0.0019) increased the amplitude of bladder contractions but did not change the control bladder capacity."	( Propranolol, but not naloxone, enhances spinal reflex bladder activity and reduces pudendal inhibition in cats. de Groat, WC; Rogers, MJ; Roppolo, JR; Schwen, Z; Shen, B; Tai, C; Wang, J; Xiao, Z, 2015)	2.58
"Propranolol is a valid treatment for large cranial hemangiomas, avoiding the risks involved in surgeries."	( Giant cranial and cerebellar hemangioma treated with propranolol. Ben-Sira, L; Benvenisti, H; Constantini, S; Roth, J, 2015)	2.11
"Propranolol treatment reduced inflammation and impaired capsular thickness and delayed collagen maturation around the textured implant."	( Effect of propranolol on capsular reaction around silicone implants in guinea pigs. Guimarães, SB; Leite Filho, JA; Leite, JA; Maciel, FS; Mesquita, CJ; Rocha, JL, 2015)	2.26
"Propranolol-treated mice had decreased weight gain (p<0.01), in comparison with clenbuterol-treated mice. "	( A beta-blocker, propranolol, decreases the efficacy from enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease. Han, SO; Kishnani, PS; Koeberl, DD; Li, S; Pope, R; Steet, R, 2016)	2.22
"The Propranolol In the Treatment of Complicated Haemangiomas (PITCH) Taskforce was founded to establish patterns of use of propranolol in IHs."	( Propranolol in the treatment of infantile haemangiomas: lessons from the European Propranolol In the Treatment of Complicated Haemangiomas (PITCH) Taskforce survey. Audrain, H; Baryschpolec, S; Baselga, E; Beattie, PE; Bhate, K; Bjerre, JV; Brown, SJ; Burrows, NP; Clayton, TH; Darne, S; Durack, A; Dvorakova, V; Flohr, C; Foelster-Holst, R; Gach, J; Glover, M; Goldstraw, N; Goodyear, H; Grabczynska, S; Greenblatt, D; Halpern, J; Hearn, RM; Hedelund, L; Hernandez-Martin, A; Hoeger, PH; Hoey, S; Hughes, B; Irvine, AD; Janmohamed, SR; Jayaraj, R; Johansson, EK; Laguda, B; Lam, M; Leech, S; McPherson, T; Morrison, D; Neri, I; O'Regan, GM; Oranje, AP; Patrizi, A; Porter, W; Ramesh, R; Ravenscroft, JC; Schill, T; Shahidullah, H; Shaw, L; Solman, L; Svensson, A; Taylor, AE; Taylor, R; Thomson, J; Tiffin, P; Tsakok, M; Wahlgren, CF; Wedgeworth, E, 2016)	2.44
"Propranolol treatment decreased serum FGF23 and loss of renal calcium and phosphate and increased serum phosphate concentration in gsk3(KI) mice."	( Enhanced FGF23 production in mice expressing PI3K-insensitive GSK3 is normalized by β-blocker treatment. Chen, H; Fajol, A; Föller, M; Lang, F; Quarles, LD; Umbach, AT, 2016)	1.16
"Oral propranolol treatment caused a 47% reduction in mean induced astigmatism, less than the 63% reduction reported for the cohort treated with corticosteroid."	( Visual acuity and astigmatism in periocular infantile hemangiomas treated with oral beta-blocker versus intralesional corticosteroid injection. Herlihy, EP; Kelly, JP; Perkins, JA; Sidbury, R; Weiss, AH, 2016)	0.89
"Propranolol treatment inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of 8505C cells in vitro and in vivo, which are closely associated with decreased expressions of cyclin D1 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2."	( Propranolol sensitizes thyroid cancer cells to cytotoxic effect of vemurafenib. Luo, QY; Qiu, ZL; Shen, CT; Song, HJ; Wei, WJ, 2016)	2.6
"Propranolol treatment may also limit the growth of congenital LMs in utero."	( Initial Experience With Propranolol Treatment of Lymphatic Anomalies: A Case Series. Hooper, ED; Kandel, J; Laifer-Narin, SL; Shawber, CJ; Simpson, LL; Wu, JK, 2016)	1.46
"Propranolol is the only treatment that the U.S."	( Use of Propranolol for Treating Hemangiomas in Infants with Previously Diagnosed Hypoglycemic Conditions. De Léon, DD; McMahon, P; Treat, JR; Yang, TB, 2016)	1.61
"In propranolol-pretreated cats during S1 or S2 stimulation, MTEP (3 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bladder capacity and naloxone (1 mg/kg) following MTEP treatment further reduced bladder capacity."	( Neurotransmitter Mechanisms Underlying Sacral Neuromodulation of Bladder Overactivity in Cats. Bandari, J; Bansal, U; Chang, V; de Groat, WC; Lamm, V; Roppolo, JR; Shen, B; Tai, C; Wang, J; Zhang, Z, 2017)	0.97
"Propranolol treatment delayed primary tumor growth and metastases development in MT/Ret mice."	( Propranolol induces a favourable shift of anti-tumor immunity in a murine spontaneous model of melanoma. Bod, L; Jean Wrobel, L; Kato, M; Le Gal, FA; Lengagne, R; Prévost-Blondel, A, 2016)	2.6
"Propranolol-treated adults had a decrease in requirements of blood transfusions (MD -185.64 [95% CI -331.06 to -40.43]) and a decreased heart rate (MD -26.85 [95% CI -39.95 to -13.75])."	( Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in severely burned patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ferrada, P; Foianini, JE; García-Perdomo, HA; Gomez, DA; Manzano-Nunez, R; Ordoñez Delgado, CA, 2017)	1.47
"Propranolol is the treatment of choice for infantile hemangiomas requiring medical intervention. "	( Propranolol treatment for infantile hemangioma does not increase risk of childhood wheezing. Amitai, DB; Blau, H; Hoshen, M; Lapidoth, M; Mei-Zahav, M; Mussaffi, H; Prais, D; Stafler, P; Steuer, G; Zvulunov, A, 2017)	3.34
"Propranolol treatment does not exacerbate wheezing episodes in infants and children."	( Propranolol treatment for infantile hemangioma does not increase risk of childhood wheezing. Amitai, DB; Blau, H; Hoshen, M; Lapidoth, M; Mei-Zahav, M; Mussaffi, H; Prais, D; Stafler, P; Steuer, G; Zvulunov, A, 2017)	3.34
"All propranolol-treated animals presented more than 70 percent of reepithelialized wound area 63 days after burning, whereas control animals did not."	( Low-dose propranolol improves cutaneous wound healing of burn-injured rats. Monte-Alto-Costa, A; Nascimento, AP; Romana-Souza, B, 2008)	1.24
"Propranolol treatment for 2 days reduced the number of circulating monocytes by 60% in BS."	( Propranolol restores the tumor necrosis factor-alpha response of circulating inflammatory monocytes and granulocytes after burn injury and sepsis. Gamelli, RL; He, LK; Muthu, K; Shankar, R; Stevenson, J; Szilagyi, A, )	2.3
"Propranolol treatment also had no effects on these outcomes."	( Blockade of adrenoreceptors inhibits the splenic response to stroke. Ajmo, CT; Collier, LA; Cuevas, J; Green, SM; Hall, AA; Leonardo, CC; Pennypacker, KR; Willing, AE; Womble, TA, 2009)	1.07
"Propranolol treatment resulted in considerable decrease of bFGF staining intensity in both stromal and epithelial cells, while the immunostaining pattern for TGFbeta was almost abolished."	( Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade and prostate peptide growth factor expression in the rat. Boudoulas, H; Karayannacos, P; Kyroudi-Voulgari, A; Mitropoulos, D; Perea, D; Stratigea, F, 2010)	1.08
"Oral propranolol treatment at a low dose is a safe and effective regimen for infantile proliferating hemangiomas. "	( [Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with low-dose propranolol: evaluation of short-term efficacy and safety]. Li, KL; Liu, XJ; Qin, ZP; Yang, XJ; Zheng, JW; Zhou, Q, 2009)	1.12
"Propranolol treatment reduces MAP significantly in hypertensive patients with cirrhosis."	( The haemodynamic response to propranolol in cirrhosis with arterial hypertension: a comparative analysis with normotensive cirrhotic patients. Jha, S; Kumar, A; Mishra, SR; Sarin, SK; Sharma, BC; Sharma, P, 2010)	1.37
"Propranolol treatment of Mdr2(-/-) mice improved liver architecture."	( β-Adrenoceptor blockade in sclerosing cholangitis of Mdr2 knockout mice: antifibrotic effects in a model of nonsinusoidal fibrosis. Dienes, HP; Drebber, U; Odenthal, M; Schievenbusch, S; Schulte, S; Steffen, HM; Strack, I; Töx, U; Varnholt, H; Wendland, K, 2011)	1.09
"Propranolol pretreatment blunted the initial decrease in blood glutamate, and thereafter had no effect when compared with control and treatment groups."	( The effect of hyperthermia on blood glutamate levels. Artru, AA; Dubilet, M; Gruenbaum, SE; Gurevich, B; Leibowitz, A; Ohayon, S; Shaked, G; Shapira, Y; Teichberg, VI; Zlotnik, A, 2010)	1.08
"Propranolol treatment was recently reported to be successful for the management of severe infantile hemangioma. "	( Hyperkalemia complicating propranolol treatment of an infantile hemangioma. Kietz, S; Lakomek, M; Lauerer, P; Pavlakovic, H; Zutt, M, 2010)	2.1
"Oral propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas was effective in all patients, with 33% reduction in astigmatism and 39% reduction in surface area. "	( Oral propranolol for treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas. Bayliss, SJ; Gilbertson, K; Lueder, GT; Missoi, TG, 2011)	1.4
"Propranolol treatment was effective in all cases, with a good or complete response in 88.2% at 6 months."	( [Propranolol for the treatment of severe hemangiomas of infancy: results from a series of 28 patients]. Bernabeu-Wittel, J; Conejo-Mir, J; de Agustín, JC; Fernández-Pineda, I; Mantrana-Bermejo, ME; Pereyra-Rodríguez, JJ, 2011)	2
"Propranolol was the sole treatment in 60% of patients and was started at a mean age of 4.1 months (age range, 1-11 months) for early interventions among 33 of 39 patients. "	( Propranolol as first-line treatment of head and neck hemangiomas. Ayari-Khalfallah, S; Froehlich, P; Fuchsmann, C; Giguere, C; Guibaud, L; McCone, C; Powell, J; Quintal, MC, 2011)	3.25
"Propranolol treatment enhances cell cycle-related gene expression in pressure overloaded hearts by increasing the number of cycling non-cardiomyocyte cells. "	( Propranolol enhances cell cycle-related gene expression in pressure overloaded hearts. Ambrosio, C; Catalano, L; Colledge, WH; Grace, AA; Maccari, S; Marano, G; Molinari, P; Musumeci, M; Sestili, P; Signore, M; Stati, T, 2011)	3.25
"Propranolol treatment continued for a duration of 2-14 months where 60% of the patients (n=18) showed a final excellent response with complete resolution of the lesion (P<0.001)."	( Oral propranolol: an effective, safe treatment for infantile hemangiomas. Abdelhalim, DM; Gawdat, HI; Hegazy, RA; Rasheed, H; Zaher, H, )	1.37
"Propranolol-treated animals drank significantly less water, but did not differ in daily chow consumption or body weight gain. "	( The effects of systemic chemical sympathectomy on local bone loss induced by sciatic neurectomy. Chen, HI; Huang, TH; Lin, HS; Yang, RS, 2011)	1.81
"Propranolol treatment was given for 4-9 months (median: 5 months)."	( Preliminary results of propranolol treatment for patients with infantile hemangioma. Anik, Y; Babaoğlu, A; Binnetoğlu, K; Büyükkapu-Bay, S; Corapcioğlu, F; Tugay, M, )	1.16
"Propranolol treatment was safe in our patients who did not show signs of perfusion changes. "	( Brain perfusion SPECT in patients with PHACES syndrome under propranolol treatment. Coya, J; Hernandez-Martin, S; Lopez-Fernandez, S; Lopez-Gutierrez, JC; Marin, D; Miguel, M; Ramírez, M; Tovar, JA, 2012)	2.06
"Propranolol treatment normalized also the prolongation of the action potential in papillary muscles from the diabetic rat hearts."	( Cardioprotective effect of propranolol on diabetes-induced altered intracellular Ca2+ signaling in rat. Tuncay, E; Turan, B; Zeydanli, EN, 2011)	1.39
"Propranolol treatment also did not change retinal expression of angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor."	( Propranolol inhibition of β-adrenergic receptor does not suppress pathologic neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Chen, J; Hatton, CJ; Hellstrom, A; Hurst, CG; Joyal, JS; Juan, AM; Pei, DT; Smith, LE; Stahl, A; Xu, D, 2012)	2.54
"Propranolol treatment via three routes and up to 30 times the standard human dose failed to suppress retinopathy development in mice. "	( Propranolol inhibition of β-adrenergic receptor does not suppress pathologic neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Chen, J; Hatton, CJ; Hellstrom, A; Hurst, CG; Joyal, JS; Juan, AM; Pei, DT; Smith, LE; Stahl, A; Xu, D, 2012)	3.26
"Propranolol treatment did not affect the acute or chronic elevation of corticosterone, the decrease in body weight gain, or adrenal hypertrophy observed in animals exposed to stress."	( Fear conditioning can contribute to behavioral changes observed in a repeated stress model. Camp, RM; Johnson, JD; Kalburgi, SN; Porterfield, VM; Remus, JL, 2012)	1.1
"Propranolol treatment for 12 months after thermal injury, ameliorates the hyperdynamic, hypermetabolic, hypercatabolic, and osteopenic responses in pediatric patients. "	( Long-term propranolol use in severely burned pediatric patients: a randomized controlled study. Barrow, RE; Diaz, EC; Finnerty, CC; Hegde, S; Herndon, DN; Jennings, K; Jeschke, MG; Lee, JO; Meyer, W; Mlcak, RP; Rodriguez, NA; Suman, OE; Suri, JS; Williams, FN, 2012)	2.22
"Propranolol treatment also enhanced the effects of γ-irradiation on cell viability."	( Propranolol as a novel adjunctive treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Enepekides, DJ; Irwin, MS; Wolter, JK; Wolter, NE, 2012)	2.54
"Propranolol-treated stem cells demonstrated accelerated adipogenesis when compared with untreated controls."	( Propranolol accelerates adipogenesis in hemangioma stem cells and causes apoptosis of hemangioma endothelial cells. Hardy, KL; Kitajewski, AM; Kitajewski, JK; Shawber, CJ; Wong, A; Wu, JK, 2012)	2.54
"Propranolol effectively treats infantile hemangioma, but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. "	( Propranolol inhibits endothelial progenitor cell homing: a possible treatment mechanism of infantile hemangioma. Jia, J; Sun, ZJ; Zhang, WF; Zhao, YF; Zou, HX, )	3.02
"Propranolol-treated mice demonstrated a 50% reduction in laser-induced CNV. "	( Attenuation of choroidal neovascularization by β(2)-adrenoreceptor antagonism. Ip, MS; Lavine, JA; Sang, Y; Sheibani, N; Wang, S, 2013)	1.83
"In propranolol-treated resting dogs, flow-dependent effects of intracoronary adenosine to mimic exercise-induced increases in shear stress (after propranolol) led to increases (P < 0.01) in CD (0.09 +/- 0.02 from 3.68 +/- 0.27 mm)."	( Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade impairs NO-dependent dilation of large coronary arteries during exercise. Lavallée, M; Okajima, M; Parent, R; Takamura, M; Véquaud, P, 2003)	0.83
"Propranolol treatment decreased heart rate (by 20%), diastolic blood pressure (by 20%), and plasma ACTH, and increased serum cortisol, serum DHEAS, and the molar ratio of cortisol/17OHP, cortisol/DHEA, and DHEAS/DHEA similarly in female and male subjects."	( During a corticotropin-releasing hormone test in healthy subjects, administration of a beta-adrenergic antagonist induced secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and inhibited secretion of ACTH. Glück, T; Kizildere, S; Schölmerich, J; Straub, RH; Zietz, B, 2003)	1.76
"Propranolol treatment of TOT mice reversed the alterations in SERCA and NCX protein levels but not potassium channels."	( Calcium dynamics in the failing heart: restoration by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Benkusky, N; Fiset, C; Glascock, B; Lalli, MJ; Periasamy, M; Plank, DM; Ritsu, H; Sussman, MA; Valdivia, HH; Witt, S; Yatani, A, 2003)	1.04
"In propranolol treated patients favorable changes of all these parameters were less pronounced."	( [Efficacy of combined use of fosinopril and propranolol in acute myocardial infarction]. Agaev, MM; Azizov, VA, 2003)	1.09
"Propranolol pretreatment, a non-specific beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, blocked aconitine-induced arrhythmia in non-TG mice, but not in PAHX-AP1 TG mice."	( Changes underlying arrhythmia in the transgenic heart overexpressing Refsum disease gene-associated protein. Ahn, YK; Baik, YH; Jeong, BC; Kim, JH; Kim, KK; Koh, JT; Lee, HS, 2004)	1.04
"Propranolol treatment, in spite of duration, increased both the thymocyte proliferative and apoptotic index (vs."	( Thymopoiesis following chronic blockade of beta-adrenoceptors. Kosec, D; Leposavić, G; Plećas-Solarović, B; Radojević, K; Rauski, A; Vidić-Danković, B, 2003)	1.04
"Propranolol pretreatment (3 microg, icv) made the phasic changes in CO more negative, whereas isoproterenol (3 microg) made the CO response more positive in mixed responders and attenuated the increases in arterial pressure and SVR in vascular responders."	( Central beta-adrenoceptors mediate phasic and sustained components of hemodynamic responses to acute behavioral stress. Knuepfer, MM; Rauls, RA; Tan, Y, 2005)	1.05
"Propranolol treatment was discontinued in four patients because of side effects."	( Endoscopic variceal ligation vs. propranolol for prevention of first variceal bleeding: a randomized controlled trial. Elefsiniotis, I; Galanis, P; Goulas, S; Liatsos, C; Mavrogiannis, C; Papanikolaou, IS; Psilopoulos, D; Sparos, L, 2005)	1.33
"3. Propranolol-treated rats presented delayed wound contraction and epidermal healing and decreased hydroxyproline levels, collagen density and neo-epidermis thickness."	( Blockade of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors delays wound contraction and re-epithelialization in rats. Costa, AM; Santos, JS; Souza, BR, )	0.65
"Propranolol treatment levels were verified using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry."	( Enantiospecific toxicity of the beta-blocker propranolol to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. Brooks, BW; Chambliss, CK; Mottaleb, M; Ramirez, AJ; Stanley, JK, 2006)	1.31
"Propranolol pretreatment (4 microg/0.2 mL) reduced the tachycardia, but not the hypertensive response."	( Cardiovascular excitatory effect on rats of a fraction isolated from the eyestalk of shrimp: Peneaus vanameii. Antequera, R; Cedeño, J; Estrada, O; León, L; Romero-Vecchione, E; Rosa, F; Vásquez, J, 2006)	1.06
"Propranolol treatment attenuates hypermetabolism and does not cause increased incidence of infection and sepsis."	( Propranolol does not increase inflammation, sepsis, or infectious episodes in severely burned children. Branski, LK; Finnerty, CC; Herndon, DN; Jeschke, MG; Norbury, WB, 2007)	3.23
"Propranolol treatment increased TSH levels and decreased T3 and T4 levels in hyperthyroid animals, whereas carvedilol did not produce any effect on thyroid hormones."	( Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. Bhatt, P; Goyal, R; Makwana, D; Santani, D, 2007)	1.32
"Propranolol treatment was associated with clinical remission of target symptoms in 63.6 % of the cases, partial response in 27.3 % and no response in 9.1%. "	( Pharmacological treatment of acute stress disorder with propranolol and hypnotics. Catalina Romero, C; García Diéguez, N; Lopez-Ibor Aliño, JJ; Pastrana Jiménez, J, )	1.82
"Propranolol and hypnotic treatments are useful in the decrease of ASD symptoms. "	( Pharmacological treatment of acute stress disorder with propranolol and hypnotics. Catalina Romero, C; García Diéguez, N; Lopez-Ibor Aliño, JJ; Pastrana Jiménez, J, )	1.82
"Propranolol pretreatment reduced blood pressure and heart rate."	( Effect of propranolol on mepivacaine serum concentrations in dental practice. Baniceru, M; Croitoru, O; Nechifor, M; Popescu, F; Popescu, SM, 2008)	1.47
"Propranolol treatment increased the bronchial response to intravenously injected methacholine and caused no significant change in the bronchial response to aerosolized methacholine."	( Bronchial response to methacholine and histamine in monkeys with beta adrenergic blockade. Hida, W; Mue, S; Ohmi, T; Sasaki, T; Shibahara, S; Suzuki, S; Takahashi, M; Takishima, T; Yamauchi, K, 1980)	0.98
"Propranolol pretreatment abolished yohimbine-induced tachycardia, but had little effect on the pressor response."	( Presynaptic alpha receptors in relation to the cardiovascular effect of yohimbine in the anesthetized cat. Rahman, AR; Sharabi, FM, 1981)	0.98
"d-Propranolol treatment may be particularly useful, since this isomer provides similar benefits without causing pronounced beta-adrenergic blockade."	( Anti-platelet activity of beta-adrenergic antagonists: inhibition of thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in patients receiving long-term propranolol treatment. Callahan, KS; Campbell, WB; Graham, RM; Johnson, AR, )	0.89
"In propranolol-pretreated dogs (2 mg . "	( High-dose analgesic anesthesia with morphine or sufentanil in propranolol-treated dogs. Berthelsen, P; Eriksen, J; Rasmussen, JP; Strøm, J, 1981)	1.12
"Propranolol pretreatment of rats to block vascular beta 2-receptors antagonized much of the hypotensive response to medroxalol and its enantioners , most extensively with MDL 17, 330A , but much less with MDL 17, 331A ."	( Analysis of the hypotensive effects of medroxalol and its enantiomers, MDL 17,330A and MDL 17,331A. Hancock, AA, 1984)	0.99
"Propranolol treatment was associated with a significant rise in body weight after 9 months and significant rises in skinfold thickness and body fat after 12 months."	( Influence of propranolol on weight and salt and water homoeostasis in chronic liver disease. Bouchier, IA; Hayes, PC; Stewart, WW, 1984)	1.36
"With propranolol treatment, though a rise in total plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) levels was the predominant change, there were no definite changes in respective catecholamines."	( Catecholamine sensitivity and cardiac myosin ATPase activity in dogs treated with propranolol. Asakawa, T; Enomoto, K; Higuchi, M, 1983)	0.95
"In propranolol-treated animals, the concentration of cyclic GMP in both infarcted and noninfarcted area increased significantly compared with control at 15 min and 60 min."	( Effect of propranolol on cyclic nucleotides of ischemic dog heart. Nakamura, T; Ogawa, K, 1980)	1.18
"Propranolol (10(-6)M) pretreatment significantly antagonized the relaxant responses of the bronchioles to isoproternol: THC antagonized these responses to a smaller degree."	( Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on isolated human bronchioles. Forney, RB; Goodman, FR; Orzelek-O'Neil, RM, 1980)	0.98
"Propranolol treatment (0.15 mg/kg) reduced lipolysis and nearly abolished the increase in ATBF during exercise."	( Human adipose tissue blood flow during prolonged exercise, III. Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade, nicotinic acid and glucose infusion. Bülow, J, 1981)	0.98
"Propranolol pretreatment had no effect on either alpha- or beta-adrenergic responses."	( Alteration of sensitivity of adrenergic vascular responses after prolonged exposure to agonists via osmotic minipump. Hanig, JP; Sun, CL, 1983)	0.99
"Propranolol pretreatment prevented the increase in RSR at 1.0 Hz, and resulted in decreased RSR at 4.0 and 12.0 Hz."	( Time dependence of mechanisms in the renin response to renal nerve stimulation. Ammons, WS; Koyama, S; Manning, JW, 1983)	0.99
"Propranolol treated inbred birds showed a significantly reduced mortality from 5 to 15 days of age when compared with untreated inbred birds."	( Effect of early propranolol treatment in an animal model of congestive cardiomyopathy: I Mortality and Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum. Einzig, S; Noren, GR; Rublein, TG; Staley, NA, 1984)	1.33
"Propranolol or 6-OHDA pretreatment inhibited the positive inotropic effect, thereby enhancing the negative inotropic response."	( A simple technique to study the effect of drugs on the negative inotropic response elicited by postganglionic cholinergic nerve stimulation in guinea pig atria. Leung, E; Mitchelson, F, 1983)	0.99
"Propranolol treatment significantly reduced the thickness of the mucosa as compared with that of the controls."	( Chronic propranolol treatment affects parietal cells of the developing rat gastric mucosa. Hellström, S; Henriksson, R, 1984)	1.42
"Propranolol treatment was associated with consistent and significant decreases in HDL-cholesterol, apoA-I and A-II levels, whereas these changes during the other treatments were neither significant nor consistent."	( Effects of anti-hypertensive therapy on serum lipoproteins. Treatment with metoprolol, propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide. Berglund, G; Bondjers, G; Elmfeldt, D; Fager, G; Lager, I; Olofsson, SO; Smith, U; Wiklund, O, 1983)	1.21
"Propranolol treatment was withdrawn from all groups at twelve weeks of age."	( Propranolol can inhibit the development of hypertension in SHR. Weissinger, J, 1984)	2.43
"Propranolol treatment in vivo (2 mg/kg) and/or in vitro (0.01 mg/ml medium) produced no significant changes in tissue water or inulin spaces of ischemic slices, compared with saline controls."	( Abnormalities of volume regulation and membrane integrity in myocardial tissue slices after early ischemic injury in the dog: effects of mannitol, polyethylene glycol, and propranolol. Buja, LM; Willerson, JT, 1981)	1.18
"Propranolol treatment enhanced the increase in Rss caused by vagal stimulation at low but not at high CO2 levels, suggesting that high CO2 mimics the effect of propranolol on Rss."	( Propranolol-vagal-alveolar CO2 interactions on collateral gas flow in dog lungs. Olson, LE; Robinson, NE, 1982)	2.43
"The propranolol-treated group had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels 3-4 mg/dl less and triglyceride concentrations 30-40 mg/dl higher than the placebo group."	( Effects of propranolol on blood lipids and lipoproteins in myocardial infarction. Campbell, J; Capone, RJ; Hawkins, CM; Henderson, LO; Herbert, PN; McClure, D; Saritelli, A; Shulman, RS, 1983)	1.14
"The propranolol treatment markedly reduced FFA levels only in the improved cases."	( Effect of propranolol on glucose disposal rate in patients with hyperthyroidism. Haneda, M; Kikkawa, R; Ohmori, S; Shigeta, Y, 1980)	1.14
"Propranolol treatment, while efficacious in controlling arrhythmias, was limited due to its association with hallucinations."	( Propranolol and chlordiazepoxide effects on cardiac arrhythmias during alcohol withdrawal. Jacob, MS; MacLeod, SM; Sellers, EM; Ti, TY; Zilm, DH, 1980)	2.43
"Propranolol treatment elevated serum rT3 concentration from 54 to 69 ng/dl (P = 0.05); rT3 metabolic clearance rate fell from 105 to 90 liters/day but the difference did not reach statistical significance."	( The effects of propranolol on thyroxine metabolism and triiodothyronines production in man. Chambers, JB; Pittman, CS; Suda, AK, )	1.21
"4 Propranolol pretreatment decreased lignocaine significantly by 14.7% and the steady state concentration was increased by 22.5%."	( Effects of propranolol and pindolol on plasma lignocaine clearance in man. Steiness, E; Svendsen, TL; Tangø, M; Trap-Jensen, J; Waldorff, S, 1982)	1.21
"Propranolol treatment (4 mg/kg) did not alter the pressure responses to either enkephalin."	( Effects of enkephalins on perfusion pressure in isolated hindlimb preparations. Dowling, DA; Moore, RH, 1982)	0.99
"Propranolol pretreatment (0.1 mg X kg-1) significantly increased the lengthening induced by diltiazem (0.15 mg X kg-1 + 0.01 mg X kg-1 X min-1, 20 min) of the A-H interval of His bundle potential recordings in the dog. "	( Interaction of diltiazem with propranolol on atrioventricular conduction and refractoriness in the dog. Descotes, J; Faucon, G; Lievre, M, 1982)	2
"Propranolol treatment produced slight and similar effects in both normal and tumour-bearing rats."	( Effect of phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, phenylephrine and isoproterenol on the circulation of rats bearing Guérin carcinoma. Debreczeni, LA; Farsang, C; Takács, L, 1980)	1.28
"Propranolol pretreatment (30 min prior to phalloidin injection) did not afford protection against hepatotoxicity, but increased alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and aminotransferase activities."	( Phalloidin hepatotoxicity in rats in vivo. Effect of a sympatholytic agent: propranolol. Claude, JR; Jacqueson, A; Thevenin, M; Warnet, JM, 1981)	1.21
"Propranolol treatment (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every 8 h) did not abolish tachycardia and did not alter the incidence or severity of minoxidil-induced necrosis."	( Divergent effects of propranolol and furosemide pretreatment on acute cardiomyopathy induced by minoxidil in beagle dogs. Balazs, T; Ferrans, VJ; Herman, EH; Young, RS, 1981)	1.3
"Propranolol pretreatment of HT rats decreases the hypotensive effect induced by the three vasodilators."	( Cardiovascular effects of dihydralazine diazoxide and minoxidil alone or associated with propranolol in renal hypertensive rats. Cohen, Y; Lindenbaum, A; Provost, Y; Wepierre, J, 1981)	1.21
"In propranolol treated animals, acetaldehyde-induced tachycardia was not produced whereas in phentolamine treated animals, the initial pressor response was converted into a depressor one."	( Cardiovascular effects of acetaldehyde in guinea pigs. Mohan, M; Prasanna, CV; Rai, UC; Ramakrishnan, S; Reddy, LP, )	0.65
"Propranolol pretreatment prevented the isoproterenol-induced decreases in renal clearances of methoxy-inulin and tetraethylammonium bromide."	( Effects of isoproterenol on the toxicity in rats of compounds eliminated by the kidneys. Gillette, JR; Maling, HM; Saul, W; Yasaka, WJ, 1980)	0.98
"Propranolol treatment (10(-5) M) increased Fmax (2-fold) only for newborn lamb MCAs."	( Nitric oxide and beta-adrenergic mechanisms modify contractile responses to norepinephrine in ovine fetal and newborn cerebral arteries. Moliken, W; Russo, P; Wagerle, LC, 1995)	1.01
"Propranolol-treated muskrats had a higher diving heart rate than saline- and nadolol-treated animals, which may be due to a sedative effect caused by propranolol crossing the blood-brain barrier, a blockade of central catecholaminergic pathways or a peripheral neural effect, due to the anaesthetic properties of propranolol."	( Effect of pharmacological blockade on cardiovascular responses to voluntary and forced diving in muskrats. Jones, DR; Signore, PE, 1995)	1.01
"Propranolol pretreatment specifically inhibited the potentiation."	( Staurosporine and its derivatives enhance f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced superoxide production via phospholipase D activation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Ando, M; Mori, T; Takagi, K, 1994)	1.01
"Propranolol treatment significantly reduced HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.02) and increased both VLDL and total serum triglycerides (p < 0.01)."	( Metabolic effects of propranolol and hydroflumethiazide treatment in Kenyans with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Ogola, EN; Orinda, DA; Yonga, GO, 1993)	1.33
"Propranolol pretreatment (2.5 mg/kg, IP) prevented the restraint-induced changes in the behavior of mice observed in the multicompartment chamber and the elevated plus-maze."	( Beta-adrenergic receptors are involved in stress-related behavioral changes. Dunn, AJ; Gorman, AL, 1993)	1.01
"Propranolol treatment was associated with a significant reduction in plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), but not in plasma glycerol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Evaluation of mechanisms behind elevated energy expenditure in cancer patients with solid tumours. Hyltander, A; Körner, U; Lundholm, KG, 1993)	1.01
"Propranolol treatment of adult rats gave no direct changes in monoamine metabolism."	( Developmental changes in rat brain monoamine metabolism and beta-adrenoceptor subtypes after chronic prenatal exposure to propranolol. Boer, GJ; Botterblom, MH; Erdtsieck-Ernste, EB; Feenstra, MG, 1993)	1.21
"Propranolol pretreatment in the highest dose (10 mg/kg) given either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.) prevented gastric mucosal damage in these three ulcer models."	( A study of the antiulcer mechanisms of propranolol in rats. Cho, CH; Kaan, SK, 1996)	1.28
"(--)-Propranolol treated left ventricular free wall had lower basal [3H]-forskolin binding to adenylate cyclase (14.45 +/- 1.20 fmol mg protein-1 compared with a control value of 18.91 +/- 0.78 fmol mg protein-1, P = 0.01, n = 6)."	( beta-Adrenoceptor regulation in rat heart, lung and skin after chronic treatment with (--)-tertatolol or (--)-propranolol. Summers, RJ; Tan, YY, 1995)	0.96
"Propranolol treatment was initiated."	( A pharmacokinetic study to determine the drug interaction between valproate and propranolol. Nemire, RE; Ramsay, RE; Toledo, CA, )	1.08
"3. Propranolol pretreatment significantly enhanced the inotropic and chronotropic responses to isoprenaline."	( Changes in cardiovascular responsiveness to dopexamine and beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor function after the chronic treatment of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and agonists in anaesthetized dogs. Chang, DH; Einstein, R, 1996)	0.81
"Propranolol treatment could protect cell membranes against free oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation, involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury in diabetes."	( Beneficial effect induced by a beta-adrenoceptor blocker on fetal growth in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Bouftila, B; Clabaut, M; Robert, I; Stirnemann, B, 1997)	1.02
"Propranolol treatment, bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy, or constant light exposure significantly suppressed the nocturnal rise in type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA as well as the deiodinase activity."	( Pretranslational regulation of rhythmic type II iodothyronine deiodinase expression by beta-adrenergic mechanism in the rat pineal gland. Araki, O; Hosoi, Y; Kamiya, Y; Mizuma, H; Mori, M; Murakami, M; Ogiwara, T, 1999)	1.02
"Propranolol treatment also led to a significant increase of delta (delta) stroke volume index."	( Stress echocardiography in hyperthyroidism. Kahaly, GJ; Mohr-Kahaly, S; Nieswandt, J; Ryan, TJ; Wagner, S, 1999)	1.02
"The propranolol treated animals had higher LV end-diastolic pressures (27+/-2* vs 20+/(-3 mmHg) and a more restricted LV diastolic filling pattern (increased ratio of early to late filling velocities and more rapid E wave deceleration rate)."	( Effects of propranolol treatment on left ventricular function and intracellular calcium regulation in rats with postinfarction heart failure. Douglas, PS; Katz, SE; Litwin, SE; Morgan, JP, 1999)	1.17
"Propranolol pretreatment also prevented FK 506-induced decreases in GFR and urinary excretion of NAG, an index of PT dysfunction."	( Mechanism of FK 506/520 action on rat renal proximal tubular Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Eklöf, AC; Holtbäck, U, 1999)	1.02
"Propranolol treatment, which can induce cardiac depression in the normal heart, actually prevented cardiac dilation and the depressed left ventricular function characteristic of older TG mice, and abolished premature mortality."	( Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade arrests myocyte damage and preserves cardiac function in the transgenic G(salpha) mouse. Asai, K; Bishop, S; Geng, YJ; Homcy, CJ; Ishikawa, Y; Shannon, RP; Takagi, G; Vatner, DE; Vatner, SF; Wagner, TE; Yang, GP, 1999)	1.02
"The propranolol treatment in immature but not adult rats caused a significant reduction in both the relative thymus weight and total thymocyte yield."	( Differential effects of chronic propranolol treatment on the phenotypic profile of thymocytes from immature and adult rats. Kosec, D; Leposavić, G; Plećas, B, 2000)	1.07
"Propranolol pretreatment blocked macrophage arginase activity induced by epinephrine (10 mumol/L) in vitro (P < .05)."	( Beta adrenoceptor regulation of macrophage arginase activity. Arden, WA; Bernard, AC; Boulanger, BR; Fitzpatrick, EA; Gellin, GL; Kearney, PA; Maley, ME; Ochoa, JB; Tsuei, BJ, 2000)	1.03
"In propranolol-treated rats, hypertrophy of the LV septum, papillary muscle, and right ventricle were similar to those of the infarcted control."	( Effects of prolonged propranolol treatment on left ventricular remodeling and oxidative stress after myocardial infarction in rats. Bonnefont-Rousselot, D; Komajda, M; Lechat, P; Mansuy, P; Mougenot, N; Raillecove, F; Ramirez-Gil, JF, 2000)	1.14
"Propranolol treatment only lowered the von Willebrand factor propeptide, and slightly increased plasminogen."	( Endothelial function in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after treatment with propranolol and thiamazol. Burggraaf, J; Cohen, AF; de Meyer, PH; Emeis, JJ; Lalezari, S; Pijl, H; Vischer, UM, 2001)	1.26
"Propranolol treated subjects had lower cocaine withdrawal symptom severity but otherwise did not differ from placebo treated subjects in any outcome measure."	( Effectiveness of propranolol for cocaine dependence treatment may depend on cocaine withdrawal symptom severity. Acosta, T; Alterman, AI; Cnaan, A; Cornish, J; Gariti, P; Kampman, KM; Luce, D; Muller, E; Mulvaney, F; O'Brien, C; Poole, S; Volpicelli, JR, 2001)	1.37
"Propranolol treatment reduced (p<0.05) LBNP tolerance in both groups."	( Effects of cholinergic and beta-adrenergic blockade on orthostatic tolerance in healthy subjects. Convertino, VA; Sather, TM, 2000)	1.03
"Propranolol treatment decreased fH in winter-acclimatized pigeons, accelerated fH in summer-acclimatized pigeons, but had no effect on fH in spring-acclimatized pigeons."	( Cardiovascular responses to adrenergic agents in different acclimation states in the rock pigeon (Columba livia). Arieli, Y; Marder, J; Ophir, E; Raber, P, 2002)	1.04
"The propranolol-treated dogs also developed increases in lung water, Qs/Qt, VD, and hypoxemia."	( Pulmonary vascular response to increase in intracranial pressure: role of sympathetic mechanisms. Malik, AB, 1977)	0.74
"In propranolol-treated animals compared to untreated animals, the volume of luminal fluid in controls was not different, with 6 mM DCA it was 88% less (P less than 0.01), and with 8 mM DCA it was 45% less (P less than 0.01); adenylate cyclase activity in controls was 43% less (P less than 0.01), with 6 mM DCA it was 67% less (P less than 0.01), and with 8 mM DCA it was 65% less (P less than 0.01); phosphodiesterase activity in controls and with 6 mM DCA was not different and with 8 mM DCA it was 38% greater (P less than 0.02)."	( Propranolol inhibits adenylate cyclase and secretion stimulated by deoxycholic acid in the rabbit colon. Bonorris, G; Chung, A; Conley, D; Coyne, M; Schoenfield, L, 1976)	2.21
"Propranolol treatment also produced enhanced sensitivity to passive systemic anaphylaxis."	( Hypersensitivity to histamine and systemic anaphylaxis in mice with pharmacologic beta adrenergic blockade: protection by nucleotides. Matsumura, Y; Tan, EM; Vaughan, JH, 1976)	0.98
"3. Propranolol treatment reduced the increases in blood pressure following intraventricular methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin, while only the methionine-enkephalin-induced increases in heart rate were reduced by propranolol."	( Effects of enkephalins on arterial blood pressure are reduced by propranolol. Ganten, D; Ganten, U; Schaz, K; Schlör, KH; Simon, W; Stock, G, 1978)	1.01
"Propranolol treatment, besides being an effective antihypertensive agent, improved ischemic changes induced by exercise and cardiac performance in hypertensive patients, also in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy."	( Maximal exercise test in patients with essential hypertension treated with propranolol. Ambrosio, GB; Benussi, P; Pessina, AC; Trevi, GP, )	1.08
"Propranolol pretreatment decreased the accumulation of radioactivity in a dose-dependent fashion."	( Quantitation of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis with 3H-tetracycline. Athari-Nejad, A; Holcslaw, TL; Ryan, CF, 1979)	0.98
"In propranolol-treated preparations, carteolol induced less positive effects."	( The inotropic and chronotropic responses of isolated canine atrium to 5-(3-tert.-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride (carteolol). Chiba, S, 1979)	0.77
"Propranolol treatment did not result in a recovery of the inhibition of glucose-induced IRI increase by clonidine."	( [Effect of clonidine on plasma insulin level in mice (author's transl)]. Goto, M; Ozawa, H; Takahashi, M; Uematsu, Y, 1978)	0.98
"Propranolol treatment reduced blood pressure increases to i.v.t."	( Increased blood pressure responses to central angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ganten, D; Ganten, U; Johnson, AK; Mann, JF; Schaz, K; Simon, W, 1978)	0.98
"Propranolol treatment brought about a decrease in mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistances."	( Chronic hemodynamic effects of propranolol treatment in dialysis-refractory hypertension. Contini, C; Maggiore, Q; Monzani, G; Zoccali, C, 1978)	1.27
"In propranolol treated dogs, or in dogs where sympathetic ganglia upto T6 were bilaterally removed earlier, coronary ligation and hypoxia produced ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia and repeated sinus arrest followed by ventricular fibrillation."	( The role of nerves in the production of cardiac arrest during surgical anaesthesia. Kumar, S; Sinha, KN; Srivastava, RD; Srivastava, S, )	0.65
"Propranolol treatment induced a significant reduction of BP and heart rate."	( Effect of sodium loading and exercise on renal haemodynamics and urinary sodium excretion in young patients with essential hypertension before and during propranolol treatment. Pedersen, EB, 1977)	1.18
"Propranolol treatment (2 mg/kg s.c.) had no clear effect neither on body temperature of cold exposed goslings nor on the cold-induced increase in the metabolic rate."	( Hormonal regulation of thermogenesis in goslings. The effects of blockade with thiouracil and propranolol. Poczopko, P; Uliasz, M, )	1.07
"Propranolol treatment should be withdrawn gradually as removal of the suppressive action of the drug on thyroid hormone metabolism is potentially hazardous, particularly in patients with ischaemic heart disease."	( Thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in hyperthyroid patients during treatment with propranolol. Fyffe, JA; Harrower, AD; Horn, DB; Strong, JA, 1977)	1.2
"Propranolol treatment decreased the living time only slightly."	( Serum glucose, serum free fatty acids and adipose tissue lipids after fatal hypothermia of cold acclimatized, reserpine or propranolol treated guinea-pigs. Hirvonen, J; Huttunen, P; Vapaatalo, H, 1976)	1.18
"Propranolol pretreatment blocked the cardiac stimulation following verapamil but the vasodilation was unaltered."	( Cardiovascular action of verapamil in the dog with particular reference to myocardial contractility and atrioventricular conduction. Angus, JA; Cobbin, LB; Dhumma-Upakorn, P; Goodman, AH; Richmond, DR, 1976)	0.98
"Propranolol treatment gave a sustained reduction of PRA."	( Plasma renin activity and blood pressure during long term treatment with propranolol and diuretic. Hesse, B; Nielsen, I; Steiness, E, 1976)	1.21
"Propranolol-treated dogs with their coronary blood flow stopped for 30 seconds also exhibited a lactate gradient, but dogs with ventricular fibrillation and their coronary blood flow stopped for 30 seconds did not."	( Transmural gradients in ventricular tissue metabolites produced by stopping coronary blood flow in the dog. Dunn, RB; Griggs, DM, 1975)	0.98
"Propranolol pretreatment resulted in a small degree of additional cardiac depression at any inspired halothane concentration."	( Haemodynamic interactions of high-dose propranolol pretreatment and anaesthesia in the dog. I: Halothane dose-response studies. Bennett, MJ; Clarke, TN; Foëx, P; Roberts, JG, 1976)	1.25
"Propranolol pretreatment (5 mg/kg) does not affect the DPH-induced changes in blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma glucagon."	( Studies on the hyperglycemic effect of diphenylhydantoin in normal golden hamsters. Lefebvre, PJ; Luyckx, AS; Tamburrano, S, 1976)	0.98
"2. Propranolol treatment and salbutamol tolerance each produced similar reductions in sensitivity of the uterus to salbutamol of approximately 10 fold."	( One way cross tolerance between cromakalim and salbutamol in the uterus of the rat in vivo. Downing, SJ; Hollingsworth, M, 1992)	0.8
"Propranolol treatment normalized Bmax (11.9 +/- 1.7 versus 9.3 +/- 0.6 fmol/mg prot) (p < 0.05), whereas adenylate cyclase activity remained depressed."	( Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on papillary muscle function and the beta-adrenergic receptor system in noninfarcted myocardium in compensated ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Bellah, KL; Goldman, S; Raya, TE; Roeske, WR; Warner, AL, 1992)	1
"Propranolol treatment improved basal isometric muscle function and beta-adrenergic receptor density in rats after myocardial infarction but did not improve adenylate cyclase activity or isoproterenol-stimulated muscle function."	( Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on papillary muscle function and the beta-adrenergic receptor system in noninfarcted myocardium in compensated ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Bellah, KL; Goldman, S; Raya, TE; Roeske, WR; Warner, AL, 1992)	1
"propranolol treatment. In spinal cord-transected rats, however, it had a significant bradycardic effect (approximately 50 beats/min less), which was antagonized by i.t.-administered domperidone."	( Increase in the hypotensive effect of bromocriptine induced by spinal transection in rats: contribution of spinal dopamine receptors. Demenge, P; Lahlou, S, 1992)	1
"Propranolol treatment (1 mg/kg i.p. "	( Propranolol reduces rat dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and catecholamine levels. Elayan, H; Kennedy, B; Ziegler, MG, 1992)	3.17
"Propranolol treatment from day 11-20 only marginally increased MHPG on day 20 and induced no lasting differences."	( Chronic propranolol treatment in developing rats: acute and lasting effects on monoamines and beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat brain. Boer, GJ; Erdtsieck-Ernste, EB; Feenstra, MG; van Galen, H, 1991)	1.44
"Propranolol-treated patients had fewer episodes of acute bleeding than controls (0.010 [0.004] vs 0.120 [0.040] per patient per month)."	( Propranolol in prevention of recurrent bleeding from severe portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhosis. Bosch, J; González, A; Panés, J; Pérez, R; Pérez-Ayuso, RM; Piqué, JM; Quintero, E; Rigau, J; Valderrama, R; Viver, J, 1991)	2.45
"Propranolol treatment for 2 weeks resulted in a subjective decrease in weakness, which was accompanied by a statistically significant improvement in grip strength (P less than 0.01), shoulder strength (P less than 0.02), and grip endurance (P less than 0.01) but not shoulder endurance."	( Hyperthyroid myopathy and the response to treatment. Benner, R; Burdett, R; Klein, I; Levey, GS; Olson, BR; Trzepacz, P, 1991)	1
"Oral propranolol treatment consisted of 64 mg/kg/d for 6 weeks prior to the experiments, whereas intravenous (IV) propranolol treatment consisted of 5 micrograms/kg/min for 60 minutes after hemodilution."	( Effects of propranolol on myocardial performance during acute normovolemic hemodilution. Estafanous, FG; Fouad-Tarazi, FM; Khairallah, PA; Shinoda, T; Smith, CE, 1991)	1.13
"Propranolol treatment increased the number of circulating T cells but not that of other white blood cells."	( Propranolol treatment affects parameters of human immunity. Irwin, M; Lotz, M; Maisel, AS; Michel, MC; Murray, D; Rearden, A, )	2.3
"Propranolol pretreatment prevented the endotoxin-induced reduction in lymphocytic beta-adrenergic receptor number (P less than .02 compared with the endotoxin group), but not the decrease in NaF-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation (P less than .01 compared with the control group)."	( Effects of canine endotoxin shock on lymphocytic beta-adrenergic receptors. el-Fakahany, EE; Lee, NH; Silverman, HJ, 1990)	1
"On propranolol treatment there was no significant effect on total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol but the concentration of serum triglycerides (94.2 +/- 37.7 to 129.1 +/- 41.2 mg/dl) and VLDL cholesterol (18.9 +/- 7.8 to 26.1 +/- 8.1 mg/dl) significantly increased, concentration of HDL cholesterol (49.5 +/- 9.4 to 42.4 +/- 8.7 mg/dl) significantly decreased (p less than 0.01)."	( Randomised two way crossover comparison of the effects of six weeks propranolol and acebutolol therapy on plasma lipid profiles in patients with hypertension or ischaemic heart disease. Bhargava, M; Bhattacharya, J; Khalilullah, M; Tyagi, S, )	0.88
"dl-Propranolol treatment did not alter norepinephrine-stimulated renal cortical or medullary i6-keto-PGF1 alpha or iPGE2 synthesis."	( Chronic treatment with propranolol enhances the synthesis of prostaglandins E2 and I2 by the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Daniell, HB; Gaffney, TE; Halushka, PV; Nishimiya, T; Oatis, J; Walle, T; Webb, JG, 1990)	1.1
"Propranolol treatment resulted in a decrease of plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, and thromboxane B2 formation."	( Fish oil amplifies the effect of propranolol in mild essential hypertension. Augustin, S; Goschel, M; Melzer, S; Singer, P, 1990)	1.28
"Propranolol treatment resulted in significantly lower fetal PRC than saline treatment in litters aged 63 days to term but not in younger litters."	( Renin and angiotensin converting enzyme concentrations in the fetal and neonatal guinea-pig. Raimbach, SJ; Thomas, AL, 1990)	1
"In propranolol-pretreated guinea-pigs the potentiation induced by gallamine 3 and 10 mumol kg-1 was inhibited by 40 and 46%, respectively."	( Mechanism of the potentiation of neurally-induced bronchoconstriction by gallamine in the guinea-pig. Del Monte, M; Omini, C; Subissi, A, 1990)	0.79
"Propranolol-treated animals showed higher control values of Rrsmax (p less than .02) and Rrsmin (p less than .0001)."	( Respiratory system mechanics in guinea pigs after acute hemorrhage: role of adrenergic stimulation. Auler Júnior, JO; Hoelz, C; Lin, CA; Martins, MA; Negri, EM; Sakae, RS; Saldiva, PH; Younes, RN; Zin, WA, 1990)	1
"Propranolol treated patients had increased "trouble getting breath," bradycardia, shortness of breath or wheezing, and blurred vision."	( Self-reported side effects from antihypertensive drugs. A clinical trial. Quality of Life Research Group. Baume, RM; Croog, SH; Levine, S; Schoenberger, JA; Sudilovsky, A, 1990)	1
"Propranolol pretreatment caused a significant reduction in the effect of bronchodilator."	( Celiprolol, atenolol and propranolol: a comparison of pulmonary effects in asthmatic patients. Applin, WJ; Brown, R; Caruso, FS; Doshan, HD; Rosenthal, RR; Slutsky, A, 1986)	1.3
"Propranolol pretreatment did not alter luminal secretion of these hormones."	( Regulatory mechanisms in endoluminal release of serotonin and substance P from feline jejunum. Ahlman, J; Dahlstrom, A; Florence, L; Gronstad, K; Jaffe, BM; Zinner, MJ, 1987)	0.99
"Propranolol treatment (4 X 40 mg/day) increased the density of beta 2-adrenoceptors by 25% after 2 days; during treatment beta 2-adrenoceptor density remained elevated."	( Effect of propranolol, alprenolol, pindolol, and bopindolol on beta 2-adrenoceptor density in human lymphocytes. Brodde, OE; Daul, A; O'Hara, N; Schiess, W; Wang, XL, 1986)	1.39
"Propranolol pretreatment attenuated dilevalol and ISO-induced increases in AC."	( Effects of the antihypertensive dilevalol on aortic compliance in anesthetized dogs. Antonellis, A; Pula, K; Rivelli, M; Sybertz, EJ; Watkins, RW, 1988)	1
"Propranolol pretreatment did not reduce postburn beta-EP and C rises in autotransplanted animals."	( Pituitary-adrenal stress response in the absence of brain-pituitary connections. Ballantyne, JC; Carr, DB; Kemp, JW; Osgood, PF; Szyfelbein, SK, 1989)	1
"Propranolol treatment resulted in a significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure."	( The effect of propranolol on behavioral interactions among adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) housed in disrupted social groupings. Kaplan, JR; Manuck, SB, )	1.21
"Propranolol treatment resulted in a maximally 28% increase of alpha 1-adrenoceptor density after 3 days (NaCl 95.9 +/- 3.5 vs."	( Time course and extent of alpha 1-adrenoceptor density changes in rat heart after beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Nose, M; Scholz, H; Steinkraus, V; Thormählen, K, 1989)	1
"Propranolol-treated rats had significantly lower cardiac output (-31%) and heart rate (-26%) than controls (p less than 0.001)."	( Propranolol decreases portal pressure without changing portocollateral resistance in cirrhotic rats. Bosch, J; de Lacy, AM; Kravetz, D; Pizcueta, MP; Rodés, J, 1989)	2.44
"Propranolol treatment decreased exercise cardiac output by 14 percent (p = 0.01) through its effect on heart rate."	( Chronic stable angina monotherapy. Nifedipine versus propranolol. Cobb, FR; Coleman, RE; Higginbotham, MB; Morris, KG, 1989)	1.25
"Propranolol pretreatment prevents the transient in the level of the nucleotide as well as in the activity ratio of the kinase indicating i) a causal relationship between these changes and ii) a neurohumoral, beat-to-beat regulation by catecholamines."	( Transient activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphorylase during the cardiac cycle in the canine myocardium in situ and the effect of propranolol. Ameln, I; Bartel, S; Beyerdörfer, I; Freier, W; Krause, EG; Reese, D, 1987)	1.19
"Propranolol pretreatment abolished the temporal variations observed in urine volume, urinary sodium and furosemide levels during the observation periods."	( Chronopharmacological study of furosemide in rats: (II). Influence of beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A, 1988)	1
"Propranolol pretreatment did not significantly alter spontaneous NE overflow, total NE overflow, NE overflow/stimulus or fractional NE overflow in either WKY or SHR mesenteric vascular preparations at any of the PNS frequencies used."	( Effects of propranolol and yohimbine on periarterial nerve stimulation-induced release of endogenous norepinephrine from the mesenteric vasculature of Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cline, WH; Yamamoto, R, 1988)	1.39
"Propranolol treatment (4 X 40 mg/day) increased the density of beta 2-adrenoceptors by 25% after 2 days; concomitantly PRA and heart rate were reduced."	( Effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonist administration on beta 2-adrenoceptor density in human lymphocytes. The role of the "intrinsic sympathomimetic activity". Borchard, U; Brodde, OE; Daul, A; O'Hara, N; Stuka, N, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol treatment increased the mean plasma AUCpo of lignocaine by 113 +/- 58 s.d.% (P less than 0.005); it increased the peak plasma lignocaine concentration by 79 +/- 50 s.d.% (P less than 0.025) and it prolonged the elimination half-life of lignocaine by 20 +/- 13 s.d.% (P less than 0.05)."	( The impairment of lignocaine clearance by propranolol--major contribution from enzyme inhibition. Bax, ND; Lennard, MS; Tucker, GT; Woods, HF, 1985)	1.25
"Propranolol treatment has been used to prevent variceal bleeding; however, controlled trials of its effectiveness have produced conflicting results."	( Drug therapy for portal hypertension. Rector, WG, 1986)	0.99
"Propranolol pretreatment (three days prior to the experiments) significantly reduced the myocardial enzyme release during calcium repletion in the minimal calcium paradox."	( Tissue protection by adrenergic blockade in the calcium paradox? Jynge, P; Oksendal, AN, )	0.85
"Propranolol treatment did not affect survival in any subgroup."	( Propranolol for prophylaxis of bleeding in cirrhotic patients with large varices: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. The Italian Multicenter Project for Propranolol in Prevention of Bleeding. , )	2.3
"Propranolol-pretreatment further enhanced hepatic T4-monodeiodination in these fish."	( Effect of propranolol in combination with TSH and ovine prolactin on plasma thyroid hormone levels and in vitro hepatic monodeiodination of thyroxine in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Flett, PA; Leatherland, JF, 1988)	1.4
"Propranolol treatment was finally stopped, and 15 wk later, clinical symptoms abated, chest roentgenogram and pulmonary function tests were improved, and BAL data returned to normal."	( Provocation test coupled with bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of propranolol-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Akoun, GM; Mayaud, CM; Milleron, BJ; Tholoniat, D, 1989)	1.23
"Propranolol-pretreated dogs (N = 9) displayed a significantly lower left ventricular peak-positive rise in ventricular pressure (dP/dt), heart rate, and rate-pressure product throughout the experiment compared with the control group (N = 15)."	( Improvement in functional recovery of stunned canine myocardium by long-term pretreatment with oral propranolol. al-Wathiqui, MH; Brooks, HL; Farber, N; Gross, GJ; Pelc, L; Warltier, DC, 1989)	1.21
"In propranolol-treated rats, 8 h after the last administration, the maximum binding for [3H]DHA was significantly increased from 79.9 +/- 8.0 to 139.8 +/- 12.8 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- S.E.); the dissociation constant was significantly increased from 4.9 +/- 0.7 to 10.7 +/- 1.2 nM."	( Chronic treatment with nifedipine does not change the number of [3H]nitrendipine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites. Haga, T; Kobayashi, A; Nishiyama, T; Yamazaki, N, 1986)	0.78
"Propranolol treatment beginning before high-altitude (4,300 m) ascent reduced heart rate during maximal and submaximal exercise in six healthy men treated with propranolol (80 mg three times daily) compared with five healthy subjects receiving placebo (lactose)."	( Propranolol does not impair exercise oxygen uptake in normal men at high altitude. Bloedow, D; Cymerman, A; Huang, SY; McCullough, RE; McCullough, RG; Moore, LG; Rock, PB; Weil, JV; Young, A; Young, PM, 1986)	2.44
"Propranolol treatment led to an externalization of beta-receptors from light vesicle to sarcolemmal fractions."	( Propranolol treatment externalizes beta-adrenergic receptors in guinea pig myocardium and prevents further externalization by ischemia. Insel, PA; Maisel, AS; Motulsky, HJ, 1987)	2.44
"With propranolol treatment, drug-responsive patients showed a significant increase in the excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, such that the mean excretion was not significantly different from that in normal volunteers."	( Propranolol increases prostacyclin synthesis in patients with essential hypertension. Beckmann, ML; Byyny, RL; Gerber, JG; LoVerde, M; Nies, AS, 1988)	2.17
"Propranolol treatment decreased exercise cardiac output by 14% (p = 0.01) through its effect on heart rate."	( Comparison of nifedipine alone with propranolol alone for stable angina pectoris including hemodynamics at rest and during exercise. Cobb, FR; Coleman, RE; Higginbotham, MB; Morris, KG, 1986)	1.27
"The propranolol-treated smokers tended to be younger, taller, thinner, and wre more likely to be black."	( Cigarette smoking interferes with treatment of hypertension. Freis, ED; Henderson, WG; Materson, BJ; Reda, D, 1988)	0.76
"Propranolol treatment limited progressive death of myocardial cell population, reducing by 37% myocardial infarction size by day 7 of the experimental study, as compared to the situation in the untreated animals."	( [Effect of the beta-blocker propranolol (obzidan) on the content of macroergic phosphates and the development of the size of necrotic areas in the myocardium in experimental acute coronary occlusion]. Irgashev, ShB; Iuldashev, NM; Mavridi, DI, 1988)	1.29
"3. Propranolol treatment increased the plasma ionized calcium and serum phosphate concentrations, and reduced the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, free fatty acids and glycerol."	( Changes in calcium metabolic indices during long-term treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Bergström, R; Hvarfner, A; Lithell, H; Ljunghall, S; Mörlin, C; Wide, L, 1988)	0.79
"5. Propranolol treatment of diabetic rats muted the ability of insulin treatment to increase the maximum rate of noradrenaline-stimulated O2 uptake, suggesting that this action of insulin may be a secondary one rather than a direct effect of the hormone on the adipocytes."	( Factors influencing the altered thermogenic response of rat brown adipose tissue in streptozotocin-diabetes. Jamal, Z; Saggerson, ED, 1988)	0.79
"Propranolol treatment did not significantly affect the nifedipine half-life (alpha or beta phase) or the estimated volume of distribution, whereas systemic clearance tended to decrease in 6 of the subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between nifedipine and propranolol. Koren, G; Levy, M; Turetz-Abramovitch, M; Zylber-Katz, E, 1988)	1.25
"Propranolol treatment for 6, 12 and 24 months was associated with a pronounced antianginal effect, both subjective and objective, in coronary patients, while the side effects rate was relatively small (3.3-7.3%). "	( [Functional status of the myocardium of ischemic heart disease patients during long-term treatment with beta blockers]. Dorogoĭ, AP; Furkalo, NK; Zaĭtseva, VI, 1987)	1.72
"In propranolol (1 mg.kg-1) treated rabbits taurine significantly improved left ventricular dP/dtmax and cardiac output, which were previously depressed by propranolol."	( Acute haemodynamic effect of taurine on hearts in vivo with normal and depressed myocardial function. Awata, N; Azuma, J; Hamaguchi, T; Harada, H; Kishimoto, S; Ohta, H; Sawamura, A; Takihara, K; Tanaka, Y, 1987)	0.79
"Propranolol treatment significantly reduced the resting and maximal heart rates (p less than 0.001)."	( Effect of propranolol on indices of intermittent myocardial ischemia, assessed by exercise testing and ambulatory ST-segment monitoring. Bowles, MJ; Khurmi, NS; O'Hara, MJ; Raftery, EB, 1986)	1.39
"Propranolol-pretreated animals had impaired retention whether or not they received post-training amnestic injections of glucose; glucose had no effect on retention in these amnestic animals."	( Glucose effects on memory: behavioral and pharmacological characteristics. Gold, PE; Hall, JL; Vogt, J, 1986)	0.99
"Propranolol treatment had no effect on antibody activity."	( The effect of subtotal thyroidectomy with propranolol preparation on antibody activity in Graves' disease. Farndon, JR; Holcombe, M; Kendall-Taylor, P; Steel, NR; Taylor, JJ; Young, ET, 1987)	1.26
"Propranolol treatment had no effect on the responses of mean arterial pressure, haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood lactate and arterial blood gases and pH to the SET."	( Effects of propranolol on cardiopulmonary function in the pony during submaximal exercise. Erickson, HH; Sexton, WL, 1986)	1.38
"Propranolol pretreatment led to a less pronounced decrease in heart rate for lead-poisoned rats, again as compared to the controls."	( Carotid sinus reflexes in rats given small doses of lead. Bĕhal, FJ; Juzwa, W; Skoczyńska, A; Smolik, R; Szechiński, J, 1987)	0.99
"Propranolol pretreatment increased resting RL and shifted the dose-response curve for RL to the left of the controls, increasing reactivity but not sensitivity."	( Histamine dose-response curves in guinea pigs. Hogg, JC; Hulbert, WC; McLean, T; Paré, PD; Wiggs, B, 1985)	0.99
"The propranolol pretreatment caused marked tranquilizing and blood pressure lowering effects in SHR exclusively."	( Prolonged protective effects following propranolol withdrawal against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Wexler, BC, 1985)	1.02
"Propranolol pretreatment decreased the infarct size but treatment after coronary ligation increased it."	( Pharmacological interventions and myocardial infarct size in rat. Kumar, C; Singh, M, 1985)	0.99
"Propranolol treated patients had lower pulse rates before and after operation."	( Propranolol in the surgical management of thyrotoxicosis. Bewsher, PD; Lister, DA; Michie, W; Pegg, CA; Stewart, DJ, 1974)	2.42
"Treated with propranolol, β1, and β2 adrenoceptor on human mast cell expression was reduced significantly. "	( Propranolol inhibits the angiogenic capacity of hemangioma endothelia via blocking β-adrenoceptor in mast cell. Dong, C; Dong, K; Dou, L; Gao, W; He, L; Li, J; Li, K; Lu, W; Song, W; Wang, L; Xia, C; Ye, Y; Zhong, H, 2022)	2.53
"Mice treated with propranolol showed a reduced number of nuclei of vascular endothelial cells penetrating the inner limiting membrane of the retina, confirming the therapeutic effect of propranolol on ROP."	( Propranolol ameliorates retinopathy of prematurity in mice by downregulating HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. Ding, Y; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Su, S; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhang, J; Zou, P, 2023)	2.68
"Pretreatment with propranolol protected against postischemic brain infarction, edema, and apoptosis."	( Effects of β-Adrenergic Blockade on Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. Chang, CY; Chen, CJ; Chen, WY; Kuan, YH; Liao, SL; Lin, SY; Wang, YY; Wu, CC, 2020)	0.88
"Rats treated with propranolol exhibited a lower tumor volume when compared with control rats, but this result did not reach statistical significance."	( Beta-adrenergic blocker inhibits oral carcinogenesis and reduces tumor invasion. Bernabé, DG; Biasoli, ÉR; Cecilio, HP; Furuse, C; Kayahara, GM; Miyahara, GI; Oliveira, SHP; Pereira, KM; Valente, VB, 2020)	0.88
"Pretreatment with propranolol or nor-BNI prior to restraint stress prevented both transient cutaneous allodynia and priming, demonstrated by a lack of umbellulone-induced cutaneous allodynia."	( A novel, injury-free rodent model of vulnerability for assessment of acute and preventive therapies reveals temporal contributions of CGRP-receptor activation in migraine-like pain. Chessell, IP; Dodick, DW; Kopruszinski, CM; Navratilova, E; Porreca, F; Swiokla, J, 2021)	0.94
"The treatment with propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist, after US (FS)-retrieval impaired freezing behavior evoked by either CS-A or CS-B."	( Unconditioned- and Conditioned- Stimuli Induce Differential Memory Reconsolidation and β-AR-Dependent CREB Activation. Huang, B; Liu, X; Ma, L; Zhou, Y; Zhu, H, 2017)	0.77
"Treatment with propranolol, with or without dexamethasone, may result in a favorable prognosis."	( Huge fetal hepatic Hemangioma: prenatal diagnosis on ultrasound and prognosis. Bo-Yang, Y; Jiao-Ling, L; Kun-Shan, C; Qian, F; Qiu-Ming, H; Xiao-Fen, L; Xiu-Ping, G, 2018)	0.82
"Treatment with propranolol in this group of Moroccan pediatric patients proved to be safe and effective at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, reducing the size and coloration of the hemangioma."	( Effects of propranolol therapy in Moroccan children with infantile hemangioma. Baline, K; Chiheb, S; Fatoiki, FZE; Hali, F; Khadir, K; Lahrichi, A, 2018)	1.21
"Pretreatment with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, completely prevented endogenous LTD that was enabled by learning and prevented object recognition learning itself."	( Hippocampal long-term depression in freely behaving mice requires the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Goh, JJ; Manahan-Vaughan, D, 2013)	0.71
"Treatment with propranolol or prednisolone administered starting before the age of 6 months."	( Propranolol-mediated attenuation of MMP-9 excretion in infants with hemangiomas. Bauman, N; Brown, KJ; Movius, E; Preciado, D; Saieg, A; Thaivalappil, S, 2013)	2.19
"The treatment with propranolol showed good to very good results in the major part of the treated young patients."	( A further experience of propranolol for severe infantile hemangiomas of the face: an observational study. Caputo, R; D'Erme, AM; de Martino, M; Greco, A; Zamma Gallarati, B, )	0.76
"Pretreatment with propranolol and metoprolol improved survival to 90% and 100% respectively, compared with 60% in the ISO group, but did not reduce the incidence and extent of akinesis or the structural damage."	( Functional and histological assessment of an experimental model of Takotsubo's cardiomyopathy. Dai, W; Kloner, RA; Sachdeva, J, 2014)	0.73
"Treatment by propranolol in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg per day was continued."	( [Clinical case of treatment of hepatic haemangioma by propranolol in the newborn]. Getman, AN; Ivleva, SA; Kucherov, IuI; Rekhviashvili, MG; Zhirkova, IuV, 2014)	1
"Pretreatment with propranolol suppressed olanzapine-induced elevations in the serum concentration of glucose, but did not affect the serum concentration of olanzapine or olanzapine-induced increase in the serum concentration of epinephrine."	( Mechanism Underlying Induction of Hyperglycemia in Rats by Single Administration of Olanzapine. Ishiwata, Y; Nagata, M; Nakajima, M; Negishi, K; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, Y; Yasuhara, M, 2016)	0.76
"Oral treatment with propranolol (3 mg/kg/day) resulted in complete involution of the skin and hepatic haemangiomas over the period of treatment, which lasted until the child was aged 15 months."	( Multifocal infantile haemangioma: a diagnostic challenge. Leaute-Labreze, C; Rosa, J; Soares-de-Almeida, L; Torres, E, 2016)	0.75
"Pretreatment with propranolol had no effect on memory alone but blocked the stress-induced memory enhancement for emotional words, confirming the importance of noradrenergic activity in stress effects on memory retrieval."	( Stress effects on declarative memory retrieval are blocked by a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist in humans. Bilak, B; Dockendorf, S; Richter, S; Römer, S; Schächinger, H; Schwabe, L, 2009)	0.68
"Treatment with propranolol and methimazol was initiated and one year later he remains euthyroid and symptom free."	( Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a case report and literature review. Barahona, MJ; Cubero, JM; Pérez, A; Sojo, L; Vinagre, I, 2009)	0.69
"Treatment with propranolol, alone or in combination, was shown to be effective."	( A double-blind randomized controlled trial of low doses of propranolol, nortriptyline, and the combination of propranolol and nortriptyline for the preventive treatment of migraine. Aquino, CC; Domingues, RB; Domingues, SA; Kuster, GW; Silva, AL, 2009)	0.94
"Treatment with propranolol prevented the increased cAMP/PKA in 1 h MI, whereas propranolol had little effect on decreased cAMP/PKA in 3 months MI."	( Propranolol regulates cardiac transient outward potassium channel in rat myocardium via cAMP/PKA after short-term but not after long-term ischemia. Cao, YX; Hong, Y; Liu, Y; Lu, YJ; Shan, HL; Xu, CQ; Yang, BF; Zhang, JL; Zhang, L; Zhao, M, 2010)	2.14
"Pretreatment with propranolol prevented the decrease in blood glutamate concentrations seen in mild hyperthermia and did not affect the increase in blood glutamate levels seen at temperatures of 41°C and 42°C (P < 0.005)."	( The effect of hyperthermia on blood glutamate levels. Artru, AA; Dubilet, M; Gruenbaum, SE; Gurevich, B; Leibowitz, A; Ohayon, S; Shaked, G; Shapira, Y; Teichberg, VI; Zlotnik, A, 2010)	0.68
"Pretreatment with propranolol hydrochloride (a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor blocker) or butaxamine hydrochloride (a selective β2-adrenergic receptor blocker) occluded the isoproterenol-mediated decrease in blood glutamate levels."	( The activation of β2-adrenergic receptors in naïve rats causes a reduction of blood glutamate levels: relevance to stress and neuroprotection. Aricha-Tamir, B; Boyko, M; Gruenbaum, BF; Gruenbaum, SE; Klin, Y; Ohayon, S; Shapira, Y; Sheiner, E; Teichberg, VI; Zlotnik, A, 2011)	0.69
"Pre-treatment with propranolol (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and phentolamine (α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) were effective in abrogating monocrotophos-induced hyperglycemia."	( Insights into the mechanisms mediating hyperglycemic and stressogenic outcomes in rats treated with monocrotophos, an organophosphorus insecticide. Joshi, AK; Nagaraju, R; Rajini, PS, 2012)	0.7
"Treatment with propranolol resulted in marked improvement of all of his hemangiomas."	( Scleral hemangioma: case report and response to propranolol. Bayliss, SJ; Berk, DR; Culican, SM, )	0.73
"Treatment with propranolol led to a dose dependent cytotoxic effect in hemangioma endothelial cells with decreased cell viability, migration, and tubulogenesis. "	( Propranolol induces regression of hemangioma cells through HIF-1α-mediated inhibition of VEGF-A. Armijo, BS; Chim, H; Gliniak, C; Gosain, AK; Miller, E; Serret, MA, 2012)	2.17
"Pretreatment with propranolol prevents damage."	( [Propranolol protects the myocardium and prevents arterial hypotension in an experimental organ donation model]. Cerro Sánchez, J; Domínguez Roldán, JM; Hernández Fernández, A; Ojeda Rivero, R; Ordóñez Fernández, A, 2002)	1.55
"Treatment with propranolol had a negative chronotropic effect throughout the observation period of 72 h."	( Effect of propranolol on cardiac cytokine expression after myocardial infarction in rats. Briest, W; Deten, A; Holzl, A; Volz, HC; Zimmer, HG, 2003)	1.06
"Pretreatment with propranolol inhibited the tachycardic and hindquarters vasodilator effect of sibutramine, whereas phentolamine inhibited the pressor and vasoconstrictor effects of sibutramine."	( Acute cardiovascular effects of sibutramine in conscious rats. Aspley, S; Bennett, T; Dunn, WR; Gardiner, SM; Heal, DJ; Woolard, J, 2004)	0.65
"Treatment with propranolol augmented the epinephrine-induced increase of splenocyte apoptosis, did not affect the decrease of splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 release, augmented the release of IL-6 and antagonized the mobilization of natural killer cells observed in epinephrine-treated animals."	( Adrenergic modulation of survival and cellular immune functions during polymicrobial sepsis. Exton, MS; Oberbeck, R; Pehle, B; Schedlowski, M; Schmitz, D; Schüler, M; Wilsenack, K, 2004)	0.66
"Pretreatment with propranolol or labetalol counteracted the appearance of the myocardial histological alterations and the associated ECG and biochemical lesions."	( Isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rabbits. Protection by propranolol or labetalol: a proposed non-invasive procedure. Accinni, R; Bonacina, E; Brenna, S; Pinelli, A; Tomasoni, L; Trivulzio, S, 2004)	0.88
"Treatment with propranolol showed a trend towards improvement compared with the run-in period."	( Effect of low-intensity acenocoumarol on frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Egberts, AC; Lenderink, AW; Smidt, MH; Tijssen, CC; van't Hoff, AR; Wammes-van der Heijden, EA, 2005)	0.67
"Treatment with propranolol or alprazolam had similar favorable effect on tremor."	( Clinical and electromyographic characteristics of tremor in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Milanov, I, )	0.47
"Treatment with propranolol did not alter serum insulin levels, area-under-the-curve glucose, or KITT values."	( Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. Bhatt, P; Goyal, R; Makwana, D; Santani, D, 2007)	0.94
"The treatment with propranolol, corticosteroids and diuretics was successful."	( [Young woman with hyperthyroidism associated with severe tricuspid regurgitation]. González, DR; Petrucci, E; Pisarevsky, AA; Saad, AK; Vázquez Blanco, M, 2008)	0.66
"Pre-treatment with propranolol completely blocked the induction of brain IL-1 following E."	( Role of central beta-adrenergic receptors in regulating proinflammatory cytokine responses to a peripheral bacterial challenge. Cortez, V; Fleshner, M; Foley, TE; Hanson, H; Johnson, JD; Kennedy, SL, 2008)	0.66
"Treatment with propranolol + yohimbine or BIBP-3226 significantly increased the temperature at which AR occurred (n = 4) or abolished it (n = 3)."	( The involvement of norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y, and nitric oxide in the cutaneous vasodilator response to local heating in humans. Hodges, GJ; Johnson, JM; Kosiba, WA; Zhao, K, 2008)	0.69
"Pretreatment with propranolol, but not phentolamine, significantly reduced ethanol sleep time in LS mice."	( Adrenergic nervous system alteration and ethanol-induced narcosis in long-sleep and short-sleep mice. Allan, AM; Horowitz, GP; Isaacson, RL; Major, LF, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol (2 X 50 mg/kg/day p.o., n = 8), pindolol (2 X 15 mg/kg/day p.o., n = 8) and D-32 (2 X 15 or 2 X 50 mg/kg/day p.o., n = 9) for 8 weeks slightly but definitely depressed the aforesaid development of hypertension, and their average reduction in systolic blood pressure was approximately 15 mmHg."	( [Antihypertensive action of adrenergic beta-receptor blockers and its effect on the entire sympathetic outflow in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. Himori, N; Ishimori, T; Izumi, A; Shiratsuchi, K, 1982)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol (20 mg/kg) reversed the effects of isoproterenol."	( Pretreatment with chlorpromazine prevents phospholipid degradation and creatine kinase depletion in isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage in rats. Ogawa, K; Okumura, K; Satake, T, )	0.45
"Pre-treatment with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, changed the biphasic effect into a purely activating response."	( Studies on the motility of smooth muscles of the teats in lactating cows. Bernabé, J; Peeters, G, 1980)	0.58
"3 Treatment with propranolol reduced pulse rate and systolic blood pressure at rest and during tilting."	( Effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol on the response of plasma catecholamines and renin activity to upright tilting in normal subjects. Barden, AE; Beilin, LJ; Davidson, L; Vandongen, R, 1981)	0.85
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) prevented the TA-induced changes in the level of PGE as well as cAMP in the CSB and in the tissue levels of cAMP."	( Electrically induced tachyarrhythmia and the effect of propranolol on the release of cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E by the canine left ventricle. Förster, W; Krause, EG; Lehmann, I; Mest, HJ; Taube, C, 1982)	0.84
"Pretreatment with propranolol and prazosin allowed dopamine to show vasodilator and hydrosaluretic effects during depletion."	( [Extrinsic catecholaminergic control of the renal function during water and salt depletion]. Agnoli, GC; Cacciari, M; Cocco, G; Garutti, C; Lenzi, P, )	0.45
"pretreatment with propranolol resulted in an increased response of plasma GH level to the exercise on a bicycle ergometer."	( Adenopituitary hormone response to exercise combined with propranolol infusion in man. Jezová, D; Jurcovicová, J; Klimes, I; Vigas, M, 1983)	0.83
"Pretreatment with propranolol increased the time-to-seizure by 70% and practolol by 50% without altering gross lung appearance or lung wet wt/dry wt."	( Beta adrenergic receptors and glucagon in seizures from exposure to oxygen at high pressure (OHP). Beckman, DL; Crittenden, DJ, 1983)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol abolished this effect (n = 4)."	( Effects of isoproterenol on potassium secretion by the cortical collecting tubule. Goldfarb, S; Kimmel, PL, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol and implantation of a demand pacemaker has prevented further attacks."	( Asystole in the prolonged QT syndrome. Arnold, R; Rennie, JM, 1984)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol completely prevented rebound hemodynamic events after nitroprusside."	( Propranolol prevents hemodynamic and humoral events after abrupt withdrawal of nitroprusside. Battit, GE; Fahmy, NR; Lappas, DG; Mihelakos, PT, 1984)	2.03
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) was accompanied by sinoatrial blockade in three of five dogs who later received 12.5 mg/kg of KB-944."	( Cardiac electrophysiologic actions of KB-944 (Fostedil), a new calcium antagonist, in the anesthetized dog. Lucchesi, BR; Lynch, JJ; Montgomery, DG; Patterson, E, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol was associated with an improvement in the anaemia."	( Chronic haemolytic anaemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Shapiro, L; Singh, S; Zezulka, A, 1984)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg/kg iv) did not abolish pulmonary or systemic vasodilation after VIP."	( Pulmonary vascular effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in conscious newborn lambs. Elde, RP; Johnson, DE; Kulik, TJ; Lock, JE, 1984)	0.59
"Pre-treatment with propranolol (0.25 mg kg-1) effectively suppressed release of insulin in response to exogenous glucose in atropinized lambs with intact splanchnic nerves, but not in atropinized lambs with cut splanchnic nerves."	( Effects of the autonomic system on insulin release in response to exogenous glucose in weaned lambs. Bloom, SR; Edwards, AV, 1982)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol was effective in inhibiting the positive inotropic effect of lysine acetylsalicylate."	( Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of lysine acetylsalicylate by propranolol in dogs during halothane anaesthesia. Clifford, DH; Lee, DC; Lee, MO, 1982)	0.82
"Pretreatment with propranolol hydrochloride (10 mg X kg-1) (P), atropine methyl nitrate (3 mg X kg-1) (A), indomethacin (15 mg X kg-1), and cyproheptadine (1 mg X kg-1) did not alter the increase in PLalv with swimming, however, both P and A reduced the increase in specific activity of PLalv and %A/T."	( Surfactant homeostasis in the rat lung during swimming exercise. Barr, HA; Nicholas, TE; Power, JH, 1982)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol is effective."	( Tics and tremors. Golden, GS; Hood, OJ, 1982)	0.6
"Treatment with propranolol and especially atenolol markedly inhibited GHD while acebutolol was ineffective."	( beta-Adrenoreceptor blockage and genetic hypertension development in rats. Boissier, JR; Giudicelli, JF; Richer, C; Venturini-Souto, N, 1980)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol caused similar reductions in resting LVEF in the hyperthyroid and euthyroid states; the drug attenuated the rise in LVEF during exercise when the patients were euthyroid, but did not influence the exercise-induced reduction in LVEF in hyperthyroidism."	( Abnormal left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism: evidence for a possible reversible cardiomyopathy. Forfar, JC; Muir, AL; Sawers, SA; Toft, AD, 1982)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol correlated inversely with OCI."	( Determinants of total body oxygen consumption in adults undergoing cardiac catheterization. Alpert, JS; Crocker, RH; Dalen, JE; Ockene, IS; Pape, LA, 1982)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol effectively blocked beta-adrenoreceptors as evidenced by increased MAP and plasma epinephrine, and abolition of the RPA increases during 2DG-induced glycoprivation, but did not suppress AVP and thirst responses."	( Increased thirst and plasma arginine vasopressin levels during 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced glucoprivation in humans. Campbell, RG; Lilavivat, U; Robertson, GL; Thompson, DA; Welle, SL, 1981)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol did not qualitatively influence these results."	( Myocardial relaxation. V. Postextrasystolic contraction-relaxation in the intact dog heart. Adam, D; Blaustein, AS; Gaasch, WH; Levine, HJ, 1981)	0.59
"Pre-treatment with propranolol appears to exert a protective effect on the myocardium even during reversible ischaemia."	( Myocardial and peripheral catecholamine responses to acute coronary artery constriction before and after propranolol treatment in the anaesthetised dog. Leversha, L; Lim, SP; McGrath, BP; Shanahan, A, 1981)	0.8
"Treatment with propranolol (1 mg/Kg) and phentolamine (1 mg/Kg) which completely blocked cardiohemodynamic effect of 1 microgram/Kg of norepinephrine, markedly attenuated the effects of perhexiline on VR and PAF but not completely."	( Effects of perhexiline on hemodynamics in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Hashimoto, K; O'Hara, N; Ono, H, 1981)	0.6
"Dogs treated with propranolol showed a significant improvement in regional myocardial perfusion to the affected segment, decreased loss of electrically active myocardium at the end of each experiment for any given degree of early S-T segment elevation and a delay in the local release of creatine kinase activity compared with that in the control dogs."	( Myocardial infarction in the dog: effects of intravenous propranolol. Fox, K; Selwyn, A; Welman, E, 1980)	0.83
"Treatment with propranolol (2.5 mg/kg BW) 15 min before 2DG completely abolished the AVP response."	( Vasopressin response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the rat. Baylis, PH; Robertson, GL, 1980)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol mitigated the tachycardiac effect of the test in the coronary group, reversed its effect in the normal group and shortened the response time significantly in the normal group."	( Response time and heart rate in coronary patients under mild mental stress. Moulopoulos, SD; Nanas, JN; Sideris, DA; Thomakos, S, 1980)	0.58
"Treatment with propranolol, atropine, hexamethonium, cocaine, aminophylline, cimetidine, or ouabain failed to alter the relaxing effect of AII."	( Angiotensin-induced relaxation in isolated dog renal and cerebral arteries. Miyazaki, M; Toda, N, 1981)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) blunted the rate-pressure response to cocaine by 28%."	( Interaction of propranolol, verapamil, and nifedipine on the myocardial depressant effect of cocaine. Brewster, PS; Fraker, TD; Temesy-Armos, PN; Wilkerson, RD, 1995)	0.97
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.2 mumol/L) or atenolol (0.2 mumol/L) abolished the stimulatory effects of ISO."	( Contribution of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange to stimulation of transient inward current by isoproterenol in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers. Ferrier, GR; Han, X, 1995)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol significantly increased gastric mucus synthesis and the nonprotein sulfhydryl content and reduced gastric lipid peroxidation without affecting gastric acid secretion."	( Effect of (+-)-propranolol and clonidine on stress- and chemically induced gastric ulcers in rats. al-Bekairi, AM; al-Rajhi, AM; Tariq, M, )	0.81
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg, bolus I.V."	( Modulation of noradrenaline release via activation of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Hirakawa, S; Imai, Y; Ito, H; Kakami, M; Koshiji, M; Minatoguchi, S; Uno, Y; Yokoyama, H, 1993)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol antagonized, whereas phentolamine did not affect, the suppressive effect of central neuropeptide Y."	( Centrally administered neuropeptide Y (NPY) inhibits gastric emptying and intestinal transit in the rat. Aono, M; Matsuda, M; Moriga, M; Okuma, M, 1993)	0.61
"Treatment with propranolol significantly decreased the appearance of infectious virus in the tear film, cornea, and trigeminal ganglia (P < 0.05, chi 2-test)."	( Propranolol suppresses reactivation of herpesvirus. Gebhardt, BM; Kaufman, HE, 1995)	2.07
"Pre-treatment with propranolol totally inhibited the effect of both drugs."	( Airway effects of salmeterol in healthy individuals. Bake, B; Bergendal, A; Johansson, A; Löfdahl, CG; Lötvall, J; Skoogh, BE, 1995)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol almost completely inhibited increased plasma free fatty acid and NA levels associated with adrenaline infusion, suggesting that adrenaline increases plasma free fatty acid and NA levels via the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors in vehicle-treated rabbits."	( Effects of adrenaline infusion on plasma lipids and noradrenaline levels in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Fujiwara, H; Ito, H; Kakami, M; Koshiji, M; Minatoguchi, S; Seishima, M; Uno, Y; Yokoyama, H, 1997)	0.62
"Treatment with propranolol prolonged refractory periods more in the epicardial (p < 0.01) than in endocardial sites, exacerbating the disparity in the refractory period between the endo- and epicardial sites (p < 0.05)."	( Differences in refractory-period response of canine subendocardium and subepicardium to bunazosin, an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, and propranolol during myocardial ischemia. Handa, S; Iwamoto, T; Kusuzaki, S; Takigawa, O; Tanabe, T; Usui, K; Yoshitake, M, 1997)	0.84
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg/kg) or metoprolol (1 mg/kg) reduced heart rate."	( Mechanisms of hemodynamic responses to cocaine in conscious rats. Gan, Q; Knuepfer, MM; Mueller, PJ, 1998)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) completely blocked the tachycardia elicited by U50,488H."	( Baroreflex-mediated bradycardia is blunted by intravenous mu- but not kappa-opioid agonists. Omoniyi, AT; Soong, Y; Szeto, HH; Wu, D, 1998)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol (5 mg/kg) reduced the number of Fos-positive nuclei in the cingulate cortex area 3, the piriform cortex and area 1 of the parietal cortex."	( Propranolol attenuates haloperidol-induced Fos expression in discrete regions of rat brain: possible brain regions responsible for akathisia. Fujiwara, Y; Hamamura, T; Kuroda, S; Lee, Y; Ohashi, K, 1998)	2.07
"Pretreatment with propranolol increased ACh release, but pretreatment with phentolamine had no significant effect."	( Direct measurement of acetylcholine release in detrusor smooth muscles isolated from rabbits. Inadome, A; Miyamoto, Y; Seshita, H; Takahashi, W; Ueda, S; Yono, M; Yoshida, M, 1998)	0.62
"Treatment with propranolol and withdrawal of ACTH led to the resolution of cardiac hypertrophy as determined by two-dimensional echocardiography."	( [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during adrenocorticotrophic hormone administration in infants: a case report]. Cassisa, L; Di Girolamo, G; Malavasi, A; Mameli, P; Pala, M; Realdi, G, 1998)	0.64
"Treatment with propranolol significantly decreased BP and HR for 24 h."	( Effects of propranolol on cardiovascular and neurohumoral actions of alcohol in hypertensive patients. Abe, H; Kawano, Y; Kojima, S; Omae, T; Takishita, S, 1999)	1.03
"Pretreatment with propranolol not only antagonized the insulin-induced decrease in MAP and increased conductance but insulin also then increased MAP and decreased conductances."	( Effects of general and selective beta-adrenergic antagonists on insulin-induced cardiac and selected vascular responses in rats. Dunbar, JC; Hauck, CM, 1999)	0.63
"Pretreatment with propranolol (4 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced the tachycardia but did not block it completely, showing the importance of beta-adrenoceptors in its genesis."	( Baroreceptor control of heart rate in the awake toad: peripheral autonomic effectors and arterial baroreceptor areas. Bianchi-da-Silva, LM; Hoffmann, A; Menescal-de-Oliveira, L, 2000)	0.63
"Pretreatment with propranolol (10 mg/kg), a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist as well as a beta-blocker, and dantrolene (20 mg/kg), a peripheral muscle relaxant, did not prevent the death of the animals, even though these two drugs suppressed the increase in rectal temperature to some extent."	( Potent serotonin (5-HT)(2A) receptor antagonists completely prevent the development of hyperthermia in an animal model of the 5-HT syndrome. Katoh, S; Nisijima, K; Yoshino, T; Yui, K, 2001)	0.63
"Pretreatment with propranolol (20 mg/kg IP) reversed CRH-induced suppression of IgG responses but had no effect on IgM levels."	( Central CRH suppresses specific antibody responses: effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism and adrenalectomy. Friedman, EM; Irwin, M, 2001)	0.63
"treatment with propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (1000 microg kg-1) and sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist (1000 microg kg-1)."	( Characterization of mechanisms involved in presynaptic inhibition of sympathetic pressor effects induced by some 5-HT1 receptor antagonists. Calama, E; Fernández, MM; Martín, ML; Morán, A; San Román, L, )	0.47
"Pretreating with propranolol did not affect the effects of FK4098-Br-cGMP on CBF and Emax."	( Nitric oxide donor FK409 and 8-bromoguanosine-cyclic monophosphate attenuate cardiac contractility assessed by Emax. Hiraga, H; Okubo, T; Okumura, K; Suto, N; Yamamoto, T; Yoshida, IM, 2001)	0.64
"Treatment with propranolol completely abolished these load-induced effects."	( Mechanoelectrical feedback: role of beta-adrenergic receptor activation in mediating load-dependent shortening of ventricular action potential and refractoriness. Burkhoff, D; Engelstein, ED; Lerman, BB, 2001)	0.65
"Pretreatment with propranolol abolished the effects of caffeine on heart performance and neurohumoral activation during the early phase of endotoxemia."	( Inhibition of adenosine deaminase attenuates endotoxin-induced release of cytokines in vivo in rats. Carcillo, JA; Jackson, EK; Tofovic, SP; Zacharia, L, 2001)	0.63
"Pre-treatment with propranolol at the concentrations of 10 to 100 microM for the final 3 min of pre-ischaemia resulted in the improvement of ischaemia/reperfusion-induced contractile dysfunction, release of creatine kinase (CK) into perfusate, and decrease in myocardial high-energy phosphates."	( Protective effect of propranolol on mitochondrial function in the ischaemic heart. Inoue, R; Iwai, T; Kasahara, S; Takeo, S; Tanonaka, K, 2002)	0.95
"Pretreatment with propranolol and pargyline protected against ISO-induced necrosis and myocardial hypertrophy, but did not influence the ISO-induced depletion of NE stores."	( Alterations in norepinephrine pattern in the damaged myocardium in the rat. Bhagat, B; Dhalla, NS; Sullivan, JM, 1975)	0.58
"Treatment with propranolol also blocked the increases in the kinase activity ratio and in the activity of cyclic-AMP-independent enzyme seen with isoproterenol."	( Effects of isoproterenol on cyclic-AMP metabolism in rat ventral prostate. Singhal, RL; Tsang, BK, 1976)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1.5 mg-kg-1) attenuated the increase in PVR during elevation in ICP; the smaller increase in PVR was associated with a marked increase in left atrial pressure and a smaller increase in pulmonary perfusion pressure than in the control group."	( Pulmonary vascular response to increase in intracranial pressure: role of sympathetic mechanisms. Malik, AB, 1977)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol significantly increased plasma RGH 120 min after insulin administration, and hypothalamic IRS decreased initially by pretreatment with propranolol, and then it increased significantly."	( Immunoreactive somatostatin in the hypothalamus and other regions of the rat brain: effects of insulin, glucose, alpha- or beta-blocker and L-dopa. Itoh, M, 1979)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol reduced regional difference of flow changes."	( Non-uniform myocardial blood flow caused by stellate ganglion stimulation. Uchida, Y; Ueda, H, 1975)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol shifted the dose-response curves for the inotropic effect of both grayanotoxins slightly to the right."	( The effects of grayanotoxin I and alpha-dihydrograyanotoxin II on guinea-pig myocardium. Akera, T; Brody, TM; Frank, M; Iwasa, J; Ku, DD, 1977)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg iv, reduced HR equally in N and CH without affecting MAP, but diminished the HR response to ISO significantly more in CH than in N."	( Cardiovascular responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation and blockade in chronic hypoxia. Cymerman, A; Hartley, LH; Maher, JT; Manchanda, SC; Wolfe, DL, 1975)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol completely abolished the increase in hypercapnic ventilatory response, but did not affect the other changes."	( The effects of smoked marijuana on metabolism and respiratory control. Doekel, R; Hammill, S; Weil, JV; Zwillich, CW, 1978)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol, in a dose sufficient to inhibit renin secretion, also did not attenuate the increase in renal resistance produced by indomethacin."	( Influence of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on renal vascular resistance and on renal vascular responses to vasopressor and vasodilator agents in the cat. Chapnick, BM; Feigen, LP; Hyman, AL; Joiner, PD; Kadowitz, PJ; Paustian, PW, 1977)	0.58
"Pre-treatment with propranolol blocked effectively the cardiovascular effects of marihuana; it prevented the learning impairment and, to a lesser degree, the characteristic subjective experience."	( Propranolol effects on acute marihuana intoxication in man. Rich, ES; Sulkowski, A; Vachon, L, 1977)	2.02
"Treatment with propranolol was not attended with signs of cardiac insufficiency or aggravation of its subclinical symptoms."	( [Myocardial function and the use of propranolol in ischemic heart disease]. Kasatkina, LV; Lupanov, VP; Mazaev, VP; Sidorenko, BA, 1979)	0.87
"Treatment with propranolol and hydralazine was effective in controlling her blood pressure and was continued throughout her next two pregnancies, both of which were successful."	( Treatment with propranolol and hydralazine throughout pregnancy in a hypertensive patient. A case report. Bott-Kanner, G; Joel-Cohen, J; Rosenfeld, JB; Schoenfeld, A; Schweitzer, A, 1978)	0.95
"Treatment with propranolol hydrochloride (Deralin [Israel]; Inderal, comparable US product) intravenously administered in a total dose of 284 mg during a period of 18 hours, was followed by clinical remission associated with a decline in urinary excretion of porphyrin precursors."	( Treatment of acute intermittent porphyria with large doses of propranolol. Atsmon, A; Douer, D; Pinkhas, J; Weinberger, A, 1978)	0.84
"Treatment with propranolol significantly decreased infarct size estimated with both methods."	( Effect of propranolol on enzymatic and histochemical estimates of infarct size in experimental myocardial infarction. Gross, GJ; Hardman, HF; Jesmok, GJ; Warltier, DC, )	0.87
"Treatment with propranolol alleviated chest pain in only two of eight patients and it did not improve the ability to perform treadmill exercise."	( Propranolol for patients with mitral valve prolapse. Fitzgerald, JW; Goodman, DJ; Harrison, DC; Lopes, MG; Schroeder, JS; Winkle, RA, 1977)	2.04
"Pretreating with propranolol weakens homeostatic defenses against hydralazine such as rises in pulse rate and plasma renin activity."	( Synergistic effects of hydralazine and alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockers: the role of plasma renin activity. Chin, BK; Das, B; Gutkin, M; Mezey, K; Modlinger, RS, )	0.46
"Pretreatment with propranolol reduced necrosis from 85 +/- 3% (untreated) to 52 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05)."	( Infarct size reduction by propranolol before and after coronary ligation in dogs. Jennings, RB; Kloner, RA; Rasmussen, MM; Reimer, KA, 1977)	0.88
"Pretreatment with propranolol does not modify the estrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia, the water imbibition effect, nor the increase in uterine RNA and protein content. "	( Effect of propranolol on various parameters of estrogen stimulation in the rat uterus. Galand, P; Mairesse, N; Mena, MA; Rodríguez, A; Tchernitchin, A; Tchernitchin, X; Unda, C, 1977)	0.99
"Treatment with propranolol hydrochloride produced longterm symptomatic relief."	( Somatic anxiety attacks and propranolol. Easton, JD; Sherman, DG, 1976)	0.89
"Pretreatment with propranolol, injected into the 3rd ventricle, completely abolished the ISO-induced diuretic effects, whereas phentolamine was ineffective."	( Effect of intraventricular administration of isoprenaline on urinary function in the goat. Peeters, G; Vandeputte-Van Messom, G, 1976)	0.58
"Treatment with propranolol resulted in a significant reduction in the infarct size."	( Prolonged epicardial mapping in myocardial infarction: the effects of propranolol and intra-aortic balloon pumping following coronary artery occlusion. Butt, KM; Dastgir, G; Ergin, MA; Stuckey, JH, 1976)	0.83
"Treatment with propranolol resulted in marked suppression of the plasma renin activity (1.8 +/- 0.2 ng-ml-1-3 hours-1) and plasma aldosterone levels (8.9 +/- 1.3 ng-100 ml-1)."	( Intrapatient comparison of treatment with chlorthalidone, spironolactone and propranolol in normoreninemic essential hypertension. Benraad, TJ; Drayer, JI; Festen, J; Kloppenborg, PW; van't Laar, A, 1975)	0.82
"Pretreatment with propranolol resulted in a decline of the basal output of both glucagon and insulin and in their marked initial fall at the onset of the stimulus."	( Effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation on glucagon and insulin output in the dog. Kajinuma, H; Kaneto, A; Kosaka, K, 1975)	0.58
"Pretreatment with propranolol, a beta adrenergic blocking drug, impaired minoxidil-induced renin and aldosterone release."	( Vasodilating antihypertensive drug-induced aldosterone release--a study of endogenous angiotensin-mediated aldosterone release in the rat. Brooks, SN; Campbell, WB; Keeton, K; Pettinger, WA, 1975)	0.58
"Treatment with propranolol was effective in abolishing the syncopal episodes, by reducing the post-tussive gradient and facilitating a more rapid return to normal of aortic pressure."	( Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis presenting as cough syncope. Ahmad, M; White, CW; Zimmerman, TJ, 1975)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol HCI resulted in a substantial reduction in the amount of 14C-morphine found in blood plasma, neostriatum plus adjacent tissue, pons-medulla, midbrain, cerebral cortex and cerebellum 25 min after IP injection of the labelled morphine. "	( Propranolol, 14C-morphine accumulation and avoidance: peripheral and central variables. Black, WC; Grosz, HJ; McBride, WJ, )	1.91
"Pretreatment with propranolol produced a signigicant depression of the 90 minute acid response to histamine in both volume and acidity in normals and duodenal ulcer cases."	( Beta-adrenergic receptors and the effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol on histamine and reserpine stimulated gastric acid secretion in man: normals and duodenal ulcer cases. El-Gendi, MA; El-Shazly, MK; Geumei, A; Issa, I; Sadek, AM, 1976)	0.81
"Treatment with propranolol slightly enhanced the proliferation of the RC-2A cells but did not markedly alter the growth rate of two other cell lines, regardless of their beta-adrenoceptor status."	( Expression and function of beta-adrenergic receptors in human hematopoietic cell lines. Andersson, LC; Kontula, KK; Mäki, T, 1992)	0.62
"The treatment with propranolol was most effective."	( [A case of congenital long QT syndrome associated with T wave alternans]. Aoki, T; Kakuta, Y; Kasai, A; Motoyasu, M; Nishikawa, H; Ono, N; Shimizu, Y; Unno, M; Yamakado, T; Yazu, T, 1992)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol did not reduce the increases in myeloperoxidase activity observed in the area at risk or in the infarcted area."	( Cardioprotective effects of carvedilol, a novel beta adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilating properties, in anaesthetised minipigs: comparison with propranolol. Bril, A; DiMartino, MJ; Feuerstein, GZ; Linee, P; Poyser, RH; Ruffolo, RR; Slivjak, M; Smith, EF, 1992)	0.81
"does treatment by propranolol influence sweat electrolytes in EH patients."	( [Effect of thermal dehydration on blood levels of volume- regulating hormones and sweat electrolytes in patients with essential hypertension treated with propranolol]. Grzeszczak, W; Irzyniec, T; Kokot, F; Wiecek, A; Woch, W; Zukowska-Szczechowska, E, 1992)	0.81
"Treatment with propranolol alone did not affect the outcome."	( Control of ventricular fibrillation after coronary artery occlusion via intracerebroventricular injections. Johnson, DA; Kirby, DA; Lown, B; Pinto, J; Zhao, S, 1992)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol, an inhibitor of P450 isozymes belonging to the P450 IID gene subfamily, decreased TIQ 4-hydroxylase activity."	( Cytochrome P450 isozymes catalyzing 4-hydroxylation of parkinsonism-related compound 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in rat liver microsomes. Fujita, S; Hirobe, M; Masubuchi, Y; Narimatsu, S; Ohta, S; Suzuki, T; Tachibana, M, 1992)	0.61
"Treatment with propranolol (10(-6)M) decreased the extent of microtubule disruption associated with a decrease in the contraction rate."	( Disruption of microtubules in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during rapid contractions: protective effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. Hori, M; Inoue, M; Iwai, K; Kamada, T; Kitabatake, A; Sato, H; Takashima, S, 1992)	0.62
"Treatment with propranolol, a beta blocker, is not recommended since it may produce be an alpha agonist with the potential for further elevated blood pressure."	( Intravenous propranolol reverses hypertension after sympathomimetic overdose: two case reports. Burkhart, KK, 1992)	1
"Treatment with propranolol, a PA phosphohydrolase inhibitor, enhanced the accumulation of PA and inhibited the formation of DG in the second phase."	( Phosphatidic acid that accumulates in platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cells is a potential mitogenic signal. Fukami, K; Takenawa, T, 1992)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol 10(-6) mol litre-1, flumazenil 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol litre-1 or PK11195 10(-6) mol litre-1 had no effect on diazepam- or midazolam-induced relaxation."	( Comparison of the relaxant effects of diazepam, flunitrazepam and midazolam on airway smooth muscle. Hashimoto, Y; Iwatsuki, N; Kato, M; Koga, Y; Sato, S; Sodeyama, N; Takahashi, M, 1992)	0.61
"Treatment with propranolol compared with celiprolol, however, was associated with a significantly lower heart rate at rest (p less than 0.01)."	( Comparison of celiprolol and propranolol in stable angina pectoris. Celiprolol International Angina Study Group. Eff, J; Frishman, WH; Greenberg, S; Heiman, M; Soberman, J, 1991)	0.91
"Pre-treatment with propranolol removed stimulatory effects of both bPTH (1-34) and isoproterenol."	( Cardiac actions of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34), isoproterenol, and propranolol in turtles. Eberts, EG; Nichols, JR, 1991)	0.83
"Treatment with propranolol resulted in the typical hemodynamic changes induced by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent characterized by a significant reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, and an increase in total peripheral resistance."	( Hemodynamic effects of brefanolol and propranolol assessed by noninvasive methods in patients with arterial hypertension. Endell, W; Halabi, A; Halabi, I; Kirch, W, 1990)	0.89
"Treatment with propranolol and nifedipine resulted in reduction of episodes and duration of painful and painless ischemia; approximately 77% of patients were free of all ischemic episodes."	( Response of angina and ischemia to long-term treatment in patients with chronic stable angina: a double-blind randomized individualized dosing trial of nifedipine, propranolol and their combination. Kawanishi, DT; Morrison, EC; Rahimtoola, SH; Reid, CL, 1992)	0.82
"Pre-treatment with propranolol LA resulted in a significant pressor response and a bradycardia during hypoglycaemia."	( Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and hypoglycaemia. A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled comparison of metoprolol CR, atenolol and propranolol LA in normal subjects. Heller, SR; Kerr, D; MacDonald, IA; Tattersall, RB, 1990)	0.8
"Treatment with propranolol or isoproterenol did not have any effect on convulsive activity of PINX gerbils, except that isoproterenol increased the excitability of all the gerbils."	( Noradrenergic involvement in pinealectomy induced convulsions in gerbils. Champney, TH, 1990)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v."	( The inotropic actions of N-acetylprocainamide: blockade and reversal by propranolol. Donkor, KA; King, LW; Lertora, JJ, 1986)	0.83
"Pretreatment with propranolol diminished the number of VA generated in the 1b phase but not those in the 1a phase; however, these differences were statistically not significant."	( Effect of propranolol on early postischemia arrhythmias and noradrenaline and potassium release of ischemic myocardium in anesthetized pigs. Addicks, K; Bischoff, A; Hirche, H; Knopf, H; McDonald, FM, 1988)	1
"Treatment with propranolol + T4 blunted the coronary blood flow increase, but receptor upregulation occurred to the same extent as with either substance alone."	( Role of beta adrenoceptors in the hypertrophic response to thyroxine. Eliades, D; Weiss, HR, 1989)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg/kg IV) decreased left ventricular +dP/dt without other hemodynamic alterations."	( Negative chronotropic actions of sufentanil and vecuronium in chronically instrumented dogs pretreated with propranolol and/or diltiazem. Kampine, JP; Schmeling, WT; Warltier, DC, 1989)	0.81
"Pretreatment with propranolol (2 mg/kg/sec) but not indomethacin (5 mg/kg/sec) blocked this protective effect."	( Topical isoproterenol protects the rat gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury. Guth, PH; Howard, TJ; Passaro, E, 1989)	0.6
"Treatment with propranolol, scopolamine, or flurazepam (Dalmane) conferred a relative risk for delirium of 11.7 (p = 0.0028)."	( Delirium after elective orthopedic surgery: risk factors and natural history. Albert, M; Daltroy, LH; Eaton, H; Liang, MH; Peteet, J; Rogers, MP; Wright, E, 1989)	0.62
"Pretreatment with propranolol eliminated complicating inotropic effects of norepinephrine, released by the indirect actions of ANG II."	( Direct versus indirect pressor and vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin in conscious dogs. Fujii, AM; Vatner, SF, )	0.45
"Pretreatment with propranolol (10(-6)M) completely blocked the increase in rate."	( The antagonist and partial beta agonist properties of celiprolol in isolated rat cardiac tissue. Cobuzzi, A; Pruss, TP; Smith, RD; Wolf, PS, 1986)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol produced a significant decrease in the prevalence of ascites compared with trauma alone (P less than 0.001)."	( Neurogenic hyperacute ascites in mice. Bensch, KG; Morin, ME; Murphy, BJ; Nelson, DP; Robin, ED; Theodore, J; Wong, RJ, 1986)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol totally prevents this stimulation."	( Influence of nonselective beta-adrenergic impacts on the effects of thrombocytopoietin in mice. Ganchev, T; Negrev, N, 1987)	0.6
"(2) Treatment with propranolol decreases the aggregatory response to ADP, but it may enhance the response to epinephrine."	( Platelet aggregation in hypertension and the effects of antihypertensive treatment. Nyrop, M; Zweifler, AJ, 1988)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol 10 days after DSP4 lesion selectively antagonized the enhancement of the behavioral response to quipazine without altering base-line response rate, whereas pretreatment with the 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin totally blocked head shakes in both control and DSP4-treated rats."	( Noradrenergic denervation alters serotonin2-mediated behavior but not serotonin2 receptor number in rats: modulatory role of beta adrenergic receptors. Eison, AS; Gianutsos, G; Yocca, FD, 1988)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mumol l-1) or atenolol (0.3 mumol l-1) completely prevented the stimulatory effect of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on evoked transmitter output."	( Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation enhances transmitter output from the rat phrenic nerve. Anschütz, S; Wessler, I, 1988)	0.6
"Treatment with propranolol (plasma concentrations ranged from 45.7 +/- 15.8 to 65.7 +/- 11.4 ng/ml) did not significantly alter the plasma concentrations of ketanserin."	( Lack of effect of propranolol on the steady-state plasma levels of ketanserin. Jähnchen, E; Lühr, A; Radkow, N; Trenk, D, 1985)	0.94
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1,2,4,8 and 16 mg/kg, ip), atenolol (10 mg/kg, ip) and metoprolol (10 mg/kg, ip) antagonized the immobility-enhancing effect of isoprenaline."	( Evidence of beta-adrenergic involvement in forced swimming-induced behavioural despair of mice. Chakravarti, S; Kulkarni, SK; Parale, MP, 1987)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol (2.5 mg X kg-1) further enhanced the pressor responses in SHR but not in WKY, although it inhibited the heart rate acceleration and decreased the circulating level of cyclic AMP similarly in the two strains."	( Adrenomedullary and beta-adrenergic participation in enhanced sympathetic pressor responses of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bucher, B; Stoclet, JC, 1987)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol and indomethacin did not affect prostacyclin-induced enhancement of UKK, although it reduced absolute values of plasma renin activity."	( Effect of prostacyclin on renal kallikrein release in man. Ciabattoni, G; Morabito, S; Pierucci, A; Pugliese, F; Simonetti, BM; Taggi, F; Vastano, S, 1986)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol in non-smoking men in the highest age and blood pressure categories would lead to a reduction in the number having strokes from three to one or two and might possibly reduce the number experiencing myocardial infarction from seven to four."	( Stroke and coronary heart disease in mild hypertension: risk factors and the value of treatment. Medical Research Council Working Party. , 1988)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol, phenotolamine, or both drugs in combination did not block the hyperthermia caused by beta-END."	( Adrenal and thyroid interactions of beta-endorphin-induced body temperature responses of rats at 24.5 degrees C. Besch, EL; Gwosdow, AR, 1985)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol and prazosin abolished the increases in cardiac output and left ventricular function produced by vasopressin inhibition."	( Short-term hemodynamic effects of vasopressin V1-receptor inhibition in chronic right-sided congestive heart failure. Hood, WB; Imai, N; Liang, CS; Sakamoto, S; Sladek, CD; Stone, CK, 1988)	0.6
"Treatment with propranolol hydrochloride (HCl), a potent beta-blocker, resulted in cessation of hearing fluctuations in all patients and in an improvement of thresholds in two of them."	( Fluctuating hearing losses in children can be migraine equivalents. Bernard, PA; Stenstrom, RJ, 1988)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg/kg) inhibited almost completely the accumulation of NEFA induced by occlusion of the LAD, whereas pretreatment with d-propranolol (1 mg/kg) did not inhibit the accumulation of NEFA, although it tended to inhibit the accumulation of palmitoleic, stearic and arachidonic acids."	( Propranolol inhibits accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids in the ischemic dog heart. Abiko, Y; Hashizume, H; Miura, I, 1988)	2.04
"Pretreatment with propranolol, nadolol, diltiazem, verapamil, flunarizine attenuated the increase in the ratio of ([G6P] + [F6P])/[FDP] caused by ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Cardiac metabolism as an indicator of oxygen supply/demand ratio. Abiko, Y; Ichihara, K, 1988)	0.6
"treatment with propranolol."	( Vasopressin and oxytocin neurohypophysial content under conditions of beta-adrenergic blockade in euhydrated and dehydrated rats: further studies. Guzek, JW; Janus, J, 1988)	0.61
"Treatment with propranolol reduced tachycardia and blood pressure variability."	( Evaluation of blood pressure control after bilateral glomectomy: effects of propranolol treatment. Casiglia, E; Dal Palù, C; Di Marco, A; Gava, R; Mormino, P; Palatini, P; Pessina, AC; Sperti, G; Ventura, E, 1987)	0.84
"Pretreatment with propranolol prevented a significant rise in IOP during a thiopentone, suxamethonium, intubation induction sequence."	( Effect of pretreatment with propranolol on intra-ocular pressure changes during induction of anaesthesia. Cook, JH; Feneck, RO; Smith, MB, 1986)	0.89
"Pretreatment with propranolol did not alter the results."	( Effects of norepinephrine on lung fluid flow rate in the chronically catheterized fetal lamb. Hesser, J; Higuchi, M; Keegan, KA; Miyake, Y; Murata, Y; Porto, M; Tyner, J, 1987)	0.6
"Pretreatment with propranolol (200 micrograms/kg, s.c.) enhanced the pressor action of l-adrenaline in males and enhanced it to a greater extent in females."	( [Sexual dimorphism in the pressor response to l-adrenaline in rats]. Fujii, T; Tomori, M, 1986)	0.59
"Pretreatment with propranolol blocked 5-HT hyperdipsia, but did not alter 5-HT hypophagia, thus suggesting that 5-HT hypophagia and hyperdipsia are mediated by different mechanisms at some point subsequent to the stimulation of peripheral 5-HT receptors."	( Behavioural and pharmacological investigations of 5-HT hypophagia and hyperdipsia. Burton, MJ; Fletcher, PJ; Montgomery, AM, 1986)	0.59
"Treatment with propranolol enhanced open field performance 1 day after 6-OHDA injection but failed to enhance recovery of consummatory behaviour and body weight control."	( Catecholamine-blocking drugs injected at sites of amine accumulation reverse catecholamine degeneration associated deficits. Smith, GC; Willis, GL, 1985)	0.61
"Treatment with propranolol reversed (P less than or equal to 0.01) the sympathetic effect on the average HP-FRP and nonuniformly increased refractoriness in the His-Purkinje system."	( Autonomic modulation of refractoriness in canine specialized His-Purkinje system. Bosnjak, ZJ; Kampine, JP; Turner, LA; Zuperku, EJ, 1985)	0.61
"Pretreatment with propranolol or the combination of propranolol and atropine prior to the histamine dose-response curve did not affect the increased response seen after cigarette smoke exposure, but pretreatment with atropine abolished it."	( The effect of acute airway inflammation on bronchial reactivity in guinea pigs. Hogg, JC; Hulbert, WM; McLean, T, 1985)	0.59
"Oral treatment with propranolol, 3-30 mg/kg, reduced infarct size and reduced the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which was shown to be most closely related with infarct size, in dogs with circumflex coronary artery ligation extending over 24 h."	( Effects of propranolol on infarct size and the impaired hemodynamics in experimental myocardial infarcted dogs. Aihara, H; Kaneko, K; Kimura, M; Tsuchida, K; Yamazaki, R, 1985)	0.97
"Pretreatment with propranolol (2 mg/kg intravenously) blocked all isoprenaline effects."	( Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking compounds (propranolol, practolol and LB 46) on isoprenaline induced changes in regional blood flow in the rat. Debreczeni, L; Fenyvesi, T, 1971)	0.83

Toxicity

Oral propranolol therapy at a fixed dose of 2 mgkg(-1), given in three equally divided doses, is a very safe and effective regimen in the treatment of IH. Both clonidine and pro Pranolol attenuated the toxic effects of relatively low dose levels of digitoxin. At higher digitoxin dose levels only propr ethanol was able to reduce significantly the ED50 and the LD50.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These data suggest that monoamines are involved in mediating the motor activity of cocaine but not implicated in the toxic effect of the drug."	( [Attempt at modification of the pharmacological and toxic effects of cocaine]. Lallemant, AM, 1979)	0.26
" The effect of pretreatment with five different beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs (propranolol, alprenolol, practolol, metoprolol or tolamolol), p physostigmine, or atropine on these toxic actions of doxepin was investigated."	( Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, physostigmine, and atropine on the toxicity of doxepin in mice. Elonen, E, 1975)	0.48
"The incidence of adverse effects is reported in a group of more than 400 patients treated with propranolol between 1964 and 1974."	( Patient acceptability of propranolol and the occurence of side effects. Zacharias, FJ, 1976)	0.78
" Evdence from this uncontrolled study suggests that there was a therapeutic dose range in which symptoms steadily improved as a low dose was ineffective and a high dose, particularly if reached too rapidly, caused toxic effects."	( Safeguards in the treatment of schizophrenia with propranolol. Havard, CW; Themen, JF; Yorkston, NJ; Zaki, SA, 1976)	0.51
" Once a day nadolol is a safe and effective agent in the management of supraventricular tachycardia in children."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral nadolol for supraventricular tachycardia in children. Chidambaram, B; Mehta, AV, 1992)	0.28
" Treatment is aimed at removing plant material from the gastrointestinal tract, keeping the patient safe and reversing severe anticholinergic sequelae."	( Jimson weed toxicity: management of anticholinergic plant ingestion. Mosser, KH; Vanderhoff, BT, 1992)	0.28
" Propranolol abolished the toxic effects of the venom on P-R and Q-T intervals as well as on R wave amplitude, while atropine had no effect on the ECG changes produced by the venom."	( The role of propranolol and atropine in mitigating the toxic effects of scorpion venom on rat electrocardiogram. Abdel-Rahman, MS; Nabil, ZI; Omran, MA, 1992)	1.57
" The inhibitory effect of EDTA, tetrodotoxine and suramine on histamine release after exaprolol explains the non-receptor mechanism of exaprolol effect, which confirms a possibility of induction of adverse effects of blockers of the beta-adrenergic receptor in the development of a bronchospasm."	( [Analysis of the adverse effects of drugs at the cellular and subcellular levels]. Drábiková, K; Jakubovský, J; Nosál', R; Ondrias, K; Pecivová, J, 1990)	0.28
" Vasoactive drugs may therefore be of value to diminish adverse side effects of the combination cytostatic agent + DSM, probably decreasing overspill into normal tissues."	( Reduction by norepinephrine of the side effects induced by combined hepatic arterial administration of degradable strach microspheres and adriamycin in rats with a liver adenocarcinoma. Jakobsson, B; Roos, G; Stenram, U; Teder, H, 1991)	0.28
" This study assessed the effects of bupivacaine at toxic dose in dogs with previous beta-adrenergic receptor blockade."	( [Do beta adrenergic receptor blockaders increase bupivacaine cardiotoxicity?]. Bassoul, B; Brugada, J; d'Athis, F; de La Coussaye, JE; Desch, G; Eledjam, JJ; Gagnol, JP; Sassine, A, 1990)	0.28
" Drug-related adverse effects necessitating discontinuation of the drug occurred in four receiving low doses (2."	( Efficacy and safety of low- and high-dose sotalol versus propranolol in the prevention of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias early after coronary artery bypass operations. Adan, AJ; Defauw, JA; Ernst, SM; Kingma, JH; Koomen, EM; Suttorp, MJ; Tjon Joe Gin, RM; van Hemel, NM, 1990)	0.52
" The toxic effect of epinephrine was eliminated by the addition of propranolol or selective beta 2 blockade, but not by alpha or beta 1 blockade."	( Toxic effects of catecholamines on skin. Burk, RW; Klitzman, B; Serafin, D, 1990)	0.52
" The results indicate an up to now unknown side effect of the propranolol therapy which is to be seen in the connection with other unfavourable effects in the lipid metabolism."	( [Modification of vasoprotective omega-3-fatty acids--a previously unknown side effect of propranolol therapy?]. Mädebach, H; Reuter, W; Zander, B, 1988)	0.74
" The adverse experience safety data derived from 18 double-blind trials (n = 2884) were evaluated."	( Safety profile of celiprolol. Lamon, KD, 1988)	0.27
" Toxic levels of theophylline were associated with hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hypotension in both the patient and the experimental series."	( Theophylline toxicity and the beta-adrenergic system. Curtis, GP; Kearney, TE; Manoguerra, AS; Ziegler, MG, 1985)	0.27
" Thus tricyclic-induced ventricular arrhythmias usually do not respond well to therapy with standard Class I antiarrhythmic drugs that also have the same direct local anesthetic action and may potentiate the adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants."	( Experimental amitriptyline intoxication: treatment of cardiac toxicity with sodium bicarbonate. Jhamandas, V; Sasyniuk, BI; Valois, M, 1986)	0.27
" The basis of this noncompliance is multifactorial, but a large component is related to the adverse symptoms produced by the commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents."	( Utility of behavioral science techniques in assessing adverse effects of antihypertensive agents. Williams, GH, 1987)	0.27
" This study shows that long-term treatment with propranolol is safe in patients with chronic liver disease but further studies are required to define whether or not patients will benefit."	( Propranolol in chronic liver disease: a controlled trial of its effect and safety over twelve months. Bouchier, IA; Crichton, S; Hayes, PC; Shepherd, AN, 1987)	1.97
"Monitoring for adverse effects in an integral part of controlled clinical trials."	( Survival analysis of adverse effects data in the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial. Davis, BR; Furberg, CD; Williams, CB, 1987)	0.27
" The principal adverse effect was hypotension, reported in 23 esmolol (asymptomatic in 19) and four propranolol (asymptomatic in three) patients."	( Efficacy and safety of esmolol vs propranolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a multicenter double-blind clinical trial. Abrams, J; Allen, J; Allin, D; Anderson, J; Anderson, S; Blanski, L; Chadda, K; DiBianco, R; Favrot, L; Gonzalez, J, 1985)	0.76
"Calcium-channel blockers are useful for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but, their adverse effects, especially, those of diltiazem, have not been of much concern."	( Adverse effects of atrial fibrillation and syncope induced by calcium-channel blockers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Doiuchi, J; Hamada, M; Ito, T; Kokubu, T; Ochi, T, 1985)	0.27
"The toxic effects associated with rapid lipid mobilization and a high plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration produced by glucagon were evaluated."	( Toxic effects of glucagon-induced acute lipid mobilization in geese. Connor, WE; Hoak, JC; Warner, ED, 1968)	0.25
" Three patients required drug discontinuation because of adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of nitrendipine in patients with severe hypertension: a multiclinic study. Jain, AK; Maronde, R; McMahon, FG; Mroczek, W; Ryan, JR; Vlachakis, N, 1984)	0.27
" Other reported effects are toxic confusional states and psychotic reactions."	( Psychiatric side effects of antihypertensive drugs other than reserpine. Fleminger, R; Paykel, ES; Watson, JP, 1982)	0.26
"The ophthalmic examination of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with high doses of verapamil over a considerable period of time showed no evidence of a side effect of the drug, thus proving its ocular safety."	( Evaluation of the ocular safety of verapamil. Scheimpflug photography with densitometric image analysis of lens transparency in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subjected to long-term therapy with high doses of verapamil. Dragomirescu, V; Hockwin, O; Kozamanoglu, K; Kremer, F; Laser, H; Ohrloff, C, 1984)	0.27
" Except for one volunteer who complained of anxiety, weakness and sweating on the 6th day of cimetidine/metoprolol administration, no adverse effects could be observed during the combination therapy with cimetidine and the beta blockers or in monotherapy with beta blockers."	( Accumulation and adverse effects of metoprolol and propranolol after concurrent administration of cimetidine. Kirch, W; Köhler, H; Mutschler, E; Spahn, H, 1983)	0.52
" The achievement of normotensive blood pressure levels was accompanied by a decrease in the number of adverse effects reported."	( Safety and efficacy of a three-drug regimen for the treatment of hypertension: hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol, and guanadrel. Gore, RD, 1983)	0.48
" He has found that systematic modification of the drug regimen eliminates the side effect or reduces its severity in most cases."	( Sexual side effects of antihypertensive drugs. Treatment strategies and strictures. Wartman, SA, 1983)	0.27
" All adverse events reported in connection with administration of pindolol have been carefully analyzed since this drug was marketed 10 years ago."	( Pindolol: experience gained in 10 years of safety monitoring. Fanchamps, A; Krupp, P, 1982)	0.26
" Although drugs can ameliorate certain toxic effects, indiscriminate use of purported antidotes can have deleterious results."	( Toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants--kinetics, mechanism, intervention: a review. Irwin, HA; Preskorn, SH, 1982)	0.26
" Observed on four drug-induced behavior categories, it was found that both clonidine and propranolol attenuated the toxic effects of relatively low dose levels of digitoxin, while at higher digitoxin dose levels only propranolol was able to reduce significantly the ED50 and the LD50."	( Effect of age, clonidine or propranolol on behavioral toxicity induced with digitoxin in mice. Felleman, VH; Palfai, T, 1982)	0.78
" Our results suggest that the following factors may participate in the IPRO-induced embryotoxicity: (1) IPRO, (2) its toxic metabolites, (3) cAMP."	( Analysis of the cardiotoxic effect of isoproterenol in chick embryo. Janatová, T; Krause, EG; Ostádal, B; Pelouch, V; Rychter, Z, )	0.13
"5 mg), especially N-acetylcysteine, which tripled the total toxic effect."	( Pharmacologic antidotes to experimental doxorubicin skin toxicity: a suggested role for beta-adrenergic compounds. Alberts, DS; Dorr, RT, )	0.13
") reduced the "average total body clearance" (as measured by dose/AUC) and the LD50 of various compounds that are eliminated almost entirely by the kidneys."	( Effects of isoproterenol on the toxicity in rats of compounds eliminated by the kidneys. Gillette, JR; Maling, HM; Saul, W; Yasaka, WJ, 1980)	0.26
" Since beta-blockers cross the placenta, it is essential to consider possible adverse effects on the embryo."	( Toxicity of beta-blockers in a rat whole embryo culture: concentration-response relationships and tissue concentrations. Klug, S; Merker, HJ; Neubert, D; Schwabe, R; Thiel, R, 1994)	0.29
" A combination of obsidan and trental, 300-400 mg/day, eliminated adverse effects in the microcirculatory bed in the absence of an excessive drop in blood pressure."	( [Adverse effects in the microcirculatory bed during obsidan treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease and possibilities of their correction by trental]. Kazlovskiĭ, VI, 1993)	0.29
"The acute toxic effects of HgCl2 on the cardiovascular system were studied in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and in anaesthetized rats."	( Haemodynamic and electrophysiological acute toxic effects of mercury in anaesthetized rats and in langendorff perfused rat hearts. Amaral, SM; Massaroni, L; Oliveira, EM; Rossoni, LV; Stefanon, I; Vassallo, DV, )	0.13
"The perioperative administration of low-dose propranolol is considered a safe and effective drug prophylaxis to avoid the occurrence of SVT after bypass surgery."	( Efficacy and safety of low-dose propranolol versus diltiazem in the prophylaxis of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after coronary artery bypass grafting. Babin-Ebell, J; Elert, O; Keith, PR, 1996)	0.84
" This article describes the use of propranolol given for 10 days to burned children to test whether the drug remains effective and safe in reducing heart rate and cardiac work for longer periods."	( Prolonged use of propranolol safely decreases cardiac work in burned children. Baron, PW; Barrow, RE; Herndon, DN; Pierre, EJ, )	0.75
" Thirty minutes after the development of toxicity, toxic measures were taken (treatment 0 minutes), and then the animals (n = 6 each group) received either sham (saline solution), insulin (4 IU/minute with glucose clamped), glucagon (50 micrograms/kg bolus, then 150 micrograms/kg/hour infusion), or epinephrine (1 microgram/kg/minute)."	( Insulin improves survival in a canine model of acute beta-blocker toxicity. Kerns, W; Raymond, R; Schroeder, D; Tomaszewski, C; Williams, C, 1997)	0.3
" Individually, hypertonic Na or DAN treatment partially restored the ability to pace toxic hearts."	( The effect of hypertonic sodium and dantrolene on propranolol cardiotoxicity. Kerns, W; Ransom, M; Raymond, R; Tomaszewski, C, 1997)	0.55
" All of these animals also survived with no apparent adverse effects."	( Reversal of propranolol blockade of adrenergic receptors and related toxicity with drugs that increase cyclic AMP. Alleva, FR; Balazs, T; Joseph, X; Vick, JA; Whitehurst, VE; Zhang, J, 1999)	0.68
" Safety evaluations, which included adverse events, vital signs, clinical laboratory determinations, ECG, and physical examinations, revealed no unexpected clinically significant findings and did not suggest a drug-drug interaction."	( Lack of interaction between lansoprazole and propranolol, a pharmacokinetic and safety assessment. Cavanaugh, JH; Karol, MD; Locke, CS, 2000)	0.57
"Propranolol was safe and well tolerated, and had beneficial effects on ventricular function in HF patients."	( Use of propranolol in heart failure patients: safety, tolerability, and effects on left ventricular function. Maia, ER; Mesquita, ET; Munhoz, C; Romêo Filho, LJ; Subietta, CG; Villacorta, H, 2001)	2.21
" Thus, there is no evidence for direct toxic effects of norepinephrine in micromolar concentration on isolated cardiomyocytes of guinea-pigs."	( Studies of the toxic effects of norepinephrine on isolated cardiomyocytes of guinea-pigs. Biederbick, W; Klaus, W; Koch, AE; Rump, AF; Schierholz, J, 2001)	0.31
"The cell toxic effects of nonionic surfactants were investigated by means of two in vitro models, namely pig nasal mucosa mounted in horizontal Ussing chambers, and Caco-2 cell monolayers."	( Correlation between epithelial toxicity and surfactant structure as derived from the effects of polyethyleneoxide surfactants on caco-2 cell monolayers and pig nasal mucosa. Björk, E; Ekelund, K; Johansson, F; Osth, K; Påhlstorp, C; Ulvenlund, S, 2005)	0.33
" The sensitivity and the ability of these endpoints to inform about mode of action (MoA) were established in testing three model toxicants with well-known toxic effects (propranolol, malathion, cadmium)."	( Development of a zebrafish 4-day embryo-larval bioassay to assess toxicity of chemicals. Fraysse, B; Garric, J; Mons, R, 2006)	0.53
"Transformation products of pharmaceuticals formed by human metabolism within sewage treatment plant or receiving waters are predicted, in most cases, to be less toxic than the parent compound to common aquatic species."	( Comparative aquatic toxicity of propranolol and its photodegraded mixtures: algae and rotifer screening. Cumming, RI; Hetheridge, MJ; Holm, G; Liu, QT; Murray-Smith, R; Williams, TD, 2009)	0.64
"Premedication with oral propranolol 10 mg before hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside is safe and effective to reduce reflex tachycardia and the amount of sodium nitroprusside used."	( Efficacy and safety of oral propranolol premedication to reduce reflex tachycardia during hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside in orthognathic surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Apipan, B; Rummasak, D, 2010)	0.96
" The adverse effects after medication were observed and managed accordingly."	( [Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with low-dose propranolol: evaluation of short-term efficacy and safety]. Li, KL; Liu, XJ; Qin, ZP; Yang, XJ; Zheng, JW; Zhou, Q, 2009)	0.61
" The main adverse effects were bradycardia (100%), diarrhea (63."	( [Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with low-dose propranolol: evaluation of short-term efficacy and safety]. Li, KL; Liu, XJ; Qin, ZP; Yang, XJ; Zheng, JW; Zhou, Q, 2009)	0.61
"Oral propranolol treatment at a low dose is a safe and effective regimen for infantile proliferating hemangiomas."	( [Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with low-dose propranolol: evaluation of short-term efficacy and safety]. Li, KL; Liu, XJ; Qin, ZP; Yang, XJ; Zheng, JW; Zhou, Q, 2009)	1.12
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Therefore, we hypothesized that the high toxicity of aliphatic amines in algae is a toxicokinetic effect caused by speciation and not a toxicodynamic effect caused by a specific mode of toxic action."	( The pH-dependent toxicity of basic pharmaceuticals in the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus can be explained with a toxicokinetic ion-trapping model. Escher, BI; Neuwoehner, J, 2011)	0.37
" The objective of this research is highly ambitious: to find a treatment simple, inexpensive, well tolerated and with few adverse effects, able to counteract one of the major complications of the prematurity."	( Study protocol: safety and efficacy of propranolol in newborns with Retinopathy of Prematurity (PROP-ROP): ISRCTN18523491. Araimo, G; Bagnoli, P; Benedetti, V; Bilia, AR; Cavallaro, G; Cioni, G; Cristofori, G; Dal Monte, M; Daniotti, M; Donzelli, G; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Fortunato, P; Furlanetto, S; Isacchi, B; la Marca, G; La Torre, A; Malvagia, S; Mosca, F; Osnaghi, S; Pollazzi, L; Ramenghi, L; Ristori, C; Tinelli, F, 2010)	0.63
" Adverse effects of propranolol injection were observed in only 3 [2 mild hypotension and 1 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (recovered to sinus rhythm by DC counter shock)] of 3212 patients."	( [Usefulness and safety of propranolol injection into vein for acquisition of coronary multidetector-row computed tomography]. Arai, T; Fujimoto, S; Kodama, T; Kondo, T; Matsutani, H; Morita, H; Saito, Y; Sano, T; Sekine, T; Takase, S, 2010)	0.98
"Propranolol injection was a relatively safe and useful method to reduce HR and prolong SF, necessary for obtaining high quality coronary MDCT with a low radiation dose."	( [Usefulness and safety of propranolol injection into vein for acquisition of coronary multidetector-row computed tomography]. Arai, T; Fujimoto, S; Kodama, T; Kondo, T; Matsutani, H; Morita, H; Saito, Y; Sano, T; Sekine, T; Takase, S, 2010)	2.1
" None of the patients required treatment discontinuation due to adverse side effects."	( Propranolol for infantile hemangiomas: a preliminary report on efficacy and safety in very low birth weight infants. Abbasoğlu, A; Demir, S; Derbent, M; Erbay, A; Gülcan, H; Malbora, B; Sarialioglu, F; Tarcan, A; Uslu, N; Varan, B; Yildirim, SV, )	1.57
" This side effect of propranolol solution has not been reported before, and it may result from a sucrose-based excipient of the solution, or decreased salivation caused by beta-adrenergic antagonist effect of propranolol."	( Dental caries as a side effect of infantile hemangioma treatment with propranolol solution. Fernández-Pineda, I; Girón-Vallejo, O; López-Gutiérrez, JC; Méndez, NA; Ruiz Jiménez, JI, )	0.68
" Potentially harmful adverse effects include hypoglycemia, bronchospasm, and hypotension."	( Adverse effects of propranolol when used in the treatment of hemangiomas: a case series of 28 infants. Breugem, CC; Breur, JMPJ; de Graaf, M; Pasmans, SGMA; Raphaël, MF; Vos, M, 2011)	0.7
" In conclusion, propranolol therapy at a fixed dose of 2 mgkg(-1), given in three equally divided doses, is a very safe and effective regimen in the treatment of IH."	( Oral propranolol: an effective, safe treatment for infantile hemangiomas. Abdelhalim, DM; Gawdat, HI; Hegazy, RA; Rasheed, H; Zaher, H, )	0.99
" Data from the literature and from our own patient cohort (n = 132) confirm the remarkable efficacy of propranolol in complicated IH, without significant adverse effects."	( [Treatment of haemangiomas of infancy with propranolol; good results, few side effects]. Hermans, DJ; Ottenhof, MJ; van Beynum, IM; van der Horst, CM; van der Vleuten, CJ; Wijnen, MH, 2011)	0.85
"7%) showed a reaction possibly due to the medication, but we did not observe any life-threatening adverse effects."	( Propranolol therapy in 55 infants with infantile hemangioma: dosage, duration, adverse effects, and outcome. Günther, P; Holland-Cunz, S; Kleber, JB; Schupp, CJ, )	1.57
" No significant adverse effects were reported."	( Efficacy and safety of cinnarizine in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches in children: an open, randomized comparative trial with propranolol. Asa, S; Ashrafi, MR; Mahvelati, F; Malamiri, RA; Rashidi-Ranjbar, N; Togha, M, 2012)	0.58
" Time to recurrence and adverse events were secondary outcomes."	( The study of antiarrhythmic medications in infancy (SAMIS): a multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of digoxin versus propranolol for prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardia in infants. Anderson, CC; Bar-Cohen, Y; Batra, AS; Blaufox, AD; Etheridge, SP; Fournier, A; Gibbs, KA; Kanter, RJ; Mackie, AS; McCrindle, BW; Potts, JE; Reed, JH; Ro, PS; Ross, BA; Sanatani, S; Saul, JP; Singh, HR; Stephenson, EA; Tisma-Dupanovic, S; Wong, KK, 2012)	0.58
"The following adverse effects were observed: bronchial hyperactivity (n = 5), cyanosis and cold extremities (n = 1), agranulocytosis (n = 1), and low body temperature (n = 1)."	( Adverse effects of propranolol treatment for infantile hemangiomas in China. Babajee, K; Chen, X; Hu, X; Jian, D; Li, J; Su, J; Xie, H, 2014)	0.73
" The most important adverse effects were hypotension (3·4%), wheezing (9·2%), nocturnal restlessness (22·4%) and cold extremities (36·2%)."	( Propranolol in a case series of 174 patients with complicated infantile haemangioma: indications, safety and future directions. Bauland, CG; Hermans, DJ; van Beynum, IM; van der Vleuten, CJ; Zweegers, J, 2013)	1.83
"In this study, propranolol was effective and safe in almost all patients with complex IH."	( Propranolol in a case series of 174 patients with complicated infantile haemangioma: indications, safety and future directions. Bauland, CG; Hermans, DJ; van Beynum, IM; van der Vleuten, CJ; Zweegers, J, 2013)	2.19
"To evaluate the efficacy, adverse effects, and recurrence of oral propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangioma."	( Propranolol therapy of infantile hemangiomas: efficacy, adverse effects, and recurrence. Li, Q; Xiao, Q; Yu, W; Zhang, B, 2013)	2.07
"Participants were treated with oral propranolol three times daily, with inpatient monitoring of adverse effects."	( Propranolol therapy of infantile hemangiomas: efficacy, adverse effects, and recurrence. Li, Q; Xiao, Q; Yu, W; Zhang, B, 2013)	2.11
" We did not observe any life-threatening adverse effects."	( Propranolol therapy of infantile hemangiomas: efficacy, adverse effects, and recurrence. Li, Q; Xiao, Q; Yu, W; Zhang, B, 2013)	1.83
"Oral propranolol 2 mg/kg per day was a well-tolerated and effective treatment, mild adverse effects, and low recurrence for infantile hemangiomas."	( Propranolol therapy of infantile hemangiomas: efficacy, adverse effects, and recurrence. Li, Q; Xiao, Q; Yu, W; Zhang, B, 2013)	2.35
"To investigate spontaneous reporting relationships between representative antifungal agents and congestive heart failure (CHF)-related adverse events (AE) we performed multiple disproportionality analyses of the US FDA AERS database."	( A quantitative analysis of the spontaneous reporting of congestive heart failure-related adverse events with systemic anti-fungal drugs. Hauben, M; Hung, EY, 2013)	0.39
" However, 5 of the 26 newborns treated with propranolol had serious adverse effects (hypotension, bradycardia), in conjunction with episodes of sepsis, anesthesia induction, or tracheal stimulation."	( Oral propranolol for retinopathy of prematurity: risks, safety concerns, and perspectives. Araimo, G; Bagnoli, P; Cavallaro, G; Cristofori, G; Dal Monte, M; Della Bona, ML; Donzelli, G; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Fortunato, P; Furlanetto, S; la Marca, G; La Torre, A; Mosca, F; Osnaghi, S; Tinelli, F, 2013)	1.16
" Even though BB are safe for human and veterinary usage, ecosystems may be exposed to these substances."	( Beta-blockers in the environment: part II. Ecotoxicity study. Białk-Bielińska, A; Caban, M; Kumirska, J; Maszkowska, J; Mioduszewska, K; Puckowski, A; Stepnowski, P; Stolte, S; Wagil, M; Łukaszewicz, P, 2014)	0.4
" Only one patient experienced a clinically significant adverse event that required propranolol discontinuation."	( Efficacy and safety of high-dose propranolol for the management of infant supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Barton, AL; Kim, JJ; Miyake, C; Moffett, BS; Valdes, SO, 2015)	0.92
"High-dose propranolol is safe and reasonably successful in the treatment of infant SA."	( Efficacy and safety of high-dose propranolol for the management of infant supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Barton, AL; Kim, JJ; Miyake, C; Moffett, BS; Valdes, SO, 2015)	1.1
" Simvastatin was the most toxic tested compound for zebrafish embryo, followed by diclofenac."	( Toxicity screening of diclofenac, propranolol, sertraline and simvastatin using Danio rerio and Paracentrotus lividus embryo bioassays. Martins, R; Ribeiro, S; Santos, MM; Torres, T, 2015)	0.7
" The toxicity evaluation illustrated the formation of some intermediate photoproducts, which were more toxic than PRO."	( [UV photolysis of propranolol in aqueous solution: mechanism and toxicity of photoproducts]. Liu, GG; Lu, WY; Peng, N; Wang, KF; Yao, K; Zeng, LZ, 2014)	0.74
" As an outpatient therapy, propranolol was found to be safe for Chinese children and to have minor side effects."	( Is Propranolol Safe and Effective for Outpatient Use for Infantile Hemangioma? A Prospective Study of 679 Cases From One Center in China. Chang, L; Chen, H; Jin, Y; Lin, X; Lv, D; Ma, G; Qiu, Y; Wang, T; Yang, X; Ye, X; Yu, W, 2016)	1.35
" Moreover, no significant adverse effects were reported during and after the surgery."	( Safety and Efficacy of Propranolol in Comparison With Combination of Fentanyl and Ketamine as Premedication in Cataract Surgery Under the Topical Anesthesia. Fazel, F; Mahboubi, M; Rezaei, L; Saryazdi, H, 2015)	0.73
" There were no serious adverse effects."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of propranolol, timolol maleate, and the combination of the two, in the treatment of superficial infantile haemangiomas. Cheng, C; Gong, H; Li, G; Li, YX; Wang, XK; Xu, DP, 2015)	0.68
" Occurrence of adverse events was not significantly different between the treated patients the and controls."	( The efficacy and safety of adrenergic blockade after burn injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Flores, O; Muller, MJ; Paratz, JD; Roberts, JA; Stockton, K, 2016)	0.43
"While options for treatment strategies for infantile hemangiomas (IH) are numerous, evidence-based information about agents, optimal dosage, adverse effects, treatment modality, pretreatment and treatment strategies remain limited."	( Treatment of infantile hemangiomas: therapeutic options in regard to side effects and adverse events - a review of the literature. Breugem, CC; Breur, JM; Elbert, NJ; Kon, M; Liem, YT; Pasmans, SG; Raphael, MF; Vlasveld, FA, 2016)	0.43
"To evaluate side effects and adverse events of medical treatment in children with infantile hemangioma, a comprehensive review of the literature was performed to provide information for daily practice."	( Treatment of infantile hemangiomas: therapeutic options in regard to side effects and adverse events - a review of the literature. Breugem, CC; Breur, JM; Elbert, NJ; Kon, M; Liem, YT; Pasmans, SG; Raphael, MF; Vlasveld, FA, 2016)	0.43
" The unsolved ravels of possible short and long-term adverse events of propranolol used during early developmental stages of children need thorough review."	( Treatment of infantile hemangiomas: therapeutic options in regard to side effects and adverse events - a review of the literature. Breugem, CC; Breur, JM; Elbert, NJ; Kon, M; Liem, YT; Pasmans, SG; Raphael, MF; Vlasveld, FA, 2016)	0.67
"Determine the safe dose of intravitreal propranolol (IVP), and evaluate its inhibitory effect on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV)."	( Ocular Safety of Intravitreal Propranolol and Its Efficacy in Attenuation of Choroidal Neovascularization. Ahmadieh, H; Aldavood, SJ; Daftarian, N; Darjatmoko, SR; Gurel, Z; Kaharkaboudi, A; Lavine, JA; Nourinia, R; Rezaei Kanavi, M; Safi, S; Sheibani, N; Taghavi, SI; Wang, S, 2015)	0.97
"To determine the IVP safe dose, 32 rabbits were divided into 4 groups."	( Ocular Safety of Intravitreal Propranolol and Its Efficacy in Attenuation of Choroidal Neovascularization. Ahmadieh, H; Aldavood, SJ; Daftarian, N; Darjatmoko, SR; Gurel, Z; Kaharkaboudi, A; Lavine, JA; Nourinia, R; Rezaei Kanavi, M; Safi, S; Sheibani, N; Taghavi, SI; Wang, S, 2015)	0.71
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Selected studies included ≥10 patients treated with oral propranolol for IH and that either reported ≥1 adverse event or effect (AE) or planned to capture AEs."	( Safety of Oral Propranolol for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma: A Systematic Review. Boccara, O; Degrugillier-Chopinet, C; Delarue, A; Gautier, S; Lafon, M; Léaute-Labrèze, C; Lebbé, G; Mazereeuw-Hautier, J; Montagne, A; Ortis, V; Prey, S; Voisard, JJ, 2016)	1.03
" The adverse events (AEs) were observed."	( Efficacy and Safety of 2% Topical Propranolol Cream for the Treatment of Proliferating Infantile Strawberry Hemangiomas. Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2017)	0.73
"2% topical propranolol cream is safe and effective for the treatment of proliferating infantile strawberry hemangiomas."	( Efficacy and Safety of 2% Topical Propranolol Cream for the Treatment of Proliferating Infantile Strawberry Hemangiomas. Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2017)	1.12
" Summary effect for migraine headache days, headache frequency, at least 50% reduction in headache attacks, all-adverse events, nausea, somnolence, dizziness, withdrawal and withdrawal due to adverse events were produced by synthesizing both direct and indirect evidence."	( Unveiling the relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of prophylactic medications for migraine: pairwise and network-meta analysis. He, A; Li, C; Song, D; Zhang, L, 2017)	0.46
" Future trials should assess the impact of propranolol on clinically relevant outcomes such as mortality and adverse events."	( Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in severely burned patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ferrada, P; Foianini, JE; García-Perdomo, HA; Gomez, DA; Manzano-Nunez, R; Ordoñez Delgado, CA, 2017)	1.01
" In the propranolol group, the patients were admitted, observed for adverse effects for 3 days after treatment initiation, and then released and treated as outpatients for 16 weeks (2 mg/kg/d)."	( Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Between Propranolol and Steroid for Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cheon, JE; Choe, YS; Choi, TH; Choi, Y; Hong, KY; Jeong, JH; Kang, HJ; Kim, DY; Kim, KH; Lee, H; Park, JB; Park, KD; Park, YW; Shin, HY, 2017)	1.15
" While comparing the effect of medication between the groups, we monitored the adverse effects of both drugs."	( Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Between Propranolol and Steroid for Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cheon, JE; Choe, YS; Choi, TH; Choi, Y; Hong, KY; Jeong, JH; Kang, HJ; Kim, DY; Kim, KH; Lee, H; Park, JB; Park, KD; Park, YW; Shin, HY, 2017)	0.72
" The aim of the present work was to evaluate the toxic response of the crustacean Daphnia magna exposed to individual and combined pharmaceuticals."	( Assessing the environmental hazard of individual and combined pharmaceuticals: acute and chronic toxicity of fluoxetine and propranolol in the crustacean Daphnia magna. Fabbri, E; Pasteris, A; Varano, V, 2017)	0.66
" The incidence of adverse events (AE) and drug-related AE was 97% and 31%, respectively."	( Efficacy and safety of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma in Japan. Baba, N; Hayashi, N; Higuchi, T; Kakazu, M; Kaneko, T; Kato, R; Kishi, K; Koh, K; Kuwano, Y; Matsui, K; Morimoto, A; Nakano, A; Ohjimi, H; Ohki, K; Oyama, T; Sasaki, S; Sato, A; Tamaki, Z, 2017)	0.75
"Oral propranolol solution at 3 mg/kg/day is effective and safe in Japanese IH patients."	( Efficacy and safety of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma in Japan. Baba, N; Hayashi, N; Higuchi, T; Kakazu, M; Kaneko, T; Kato, R; Kishi, K; Koh, K; Kuwano, Y; Matsui, K; Morimoto, A; Nakano, A; Ohjimi, H; Ohki, K; Oyama, T; Sasaki, S; Sato, A; Tamaki, Z, 2017)	1.26
" This study demonstrated that propranolol administered to properly selected young infants was safe and well tolerated."	( Safety and tolerance of propranolol in neonates with severe infantile hemangiomas: a prospective study. Chen, S; Ji, Y; Qiu, L; Xiang, B; Yang, Y, 2017)	1.05
" Previously, we showed that propranolol, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, had adverse effects on Daphnia magna that were similar to its pharmaceutical action."	( Mode of action characterization for adverse effect of propranolol in Daphnia magna based on behavior and physiology monitoring and metabolite profiling. Jeong, TY; Kim, HY; Kim, S; Kim, SD; Yoon, D, 2018)	1.02
" The present study assessed the response rate and adverse events of topical timolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma."	( Effect of topical timolol on response rate and adverse events in infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis. Li, Y; Zheng, L, 2018)	0.48
" Atenolol and prednisolone are effective and safe alternatives to propranolol in the treatment of refractory IHs."	( Intolerable side effects during propranolol therapy for infantile hemangioma: frequency, risk factors and management. Chen, S; Ji, Y; Lu, G; Qiu, L; Wang, Q; Xiang, B; Xu, Z; Yang, K; Zhong, L, 2018)	1
"This study sought to assess the prevalence of adverse events and clinically significant fluctuations in haemodynamic parameters in children with infantile haemangioma during initiation of treatment with propranolol in a day-hospitalization setting."	( Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day-care hospitalization setting. Atar Snir, V; Ben-Amitai, D; Fogel, I; Friedland, R; Lapidoth, M; Ollech, A; Valdman-Greenshpon, Y; Zvulunov, A, 2018)	0.94
" No severe treatment-related adverse events were documented; 27 patients had minor side-effects."	( Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day-care hospitalization setting. Atar Snir, V; Ben-Amitai, D; Fogel, I; Friedland, R; Lapidoth, M; Ollech, A; Valdman-Greenshpon, Y; Zvulunov, A, 2018)	0.76
"Propranolol treatment (2 mg/kg/day in three doses) for infantile haemangioma is well tolerated and safe and may be administered and monitored in an ambulatory setting."	( Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day-care hospitalization setting. Atar Snir, V; Ben-Amitai, D; Fogel, I; Friedland, R; Lapidoth, M; Ollech, A; Valdman-Greenshpon, Y; Zvulunov, A, 2018)	2.2
" This study was conducted to document a safe and effective dosing regimen for three different age groups."	( The Safety and Efficacy of Propranolol in Reducing the Hypermetabolic Response in the Pediatric Burn Population. Andersen, CR; Blumenthal, E; Herndon, DN; Meyer, WJ; Ojeda, S; Robles, L; Stevens, P, 2018)	0.78
" The present study showed strong cytotoxic potential for the NPS 5F-PB-22 and MDAI, moderate effects for MDMA, MDPV, methylone, cathinone, 4-MEC, and mephedrone, and no toxic effects for methamphetamine."	( Cytotoxicity of new psychoactive substances and other drugs of abuse studied in human HepG2 cells using an adopted high content screening assay. Beck, A; Flockerzi, V; Maurer, HH; Meyer, MR; Richter, LHJ, 2019)	0.51
" We searched PubMed (Medline), Central, Embase, Web of Science and EBSCOhost (until May 2018) for the eligible studies reporting more than 10 IH patients who were treated with oral atenolol with detailed original data, including outcomes, regimens and adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of oral atenolol for the treatment of infantile haemangioma: A systematic review. Chen, S; Ji, Y; Wang, Q; Xiang, B, 2019)	0.51
" The observed adverse effects were mild and the propranolol dose had to be adjusted in only 6 cases."	( Safety assessment during initiation and maintenance of propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Babiak-Choroszczak, L; Bagłaj, M; Dawid, G; Gawrych, E; Giżewska-Kacprzak, K, 2019)	1.02
"Propranolol is effective, safe and well-tolerated by children with IH."	( Safety assessment during initiation and maintenance of propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Babiak-Choroszczak, L; Bagłaj, M; Dawid, G; Gawrych, E; Giżewska-Kacprzak, K, 2019)	2.2
"The efficacy of lauromacrogol injection therapy and intralesional triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas (IH) has been well documented recently, but with an increase in serious or rare adverse reactions."	( Safety of intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas. Bi, J; Chai, Y; Huo, R; Li, X; Li, Z; Lv, R; Song, J; Xu, G; Zhou, Z, 2019)	0.51
"A number of clinical trials evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of oral propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH), but the treatment has not yet been standardized."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of oral propranolol in infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Guo, XD; Hu, DL; Shu, Q; Yang, H, 2019)	1.01
"To assess the incidence of adverse events among patients with PHACE syndrome receiving oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma."	( Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome. Adams, D; Baselga, E; Chamlin, S; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, P; Garzon, MC; Gupta, D; Hansen, LM; Horii, K; Klajn, J; Lauren, C; Maheshwari, M; Mancini, AJ; Mathes, E; McCuaig, CC; Newell, B; Nguyen, HL; Nopper, A; Olsen, GM; Powell, J; Puttgen, KB; Siegel, DH; Stefanko, NS; Tollefson, MM, 2020)	1.07
"This multicenter retrospective cohort study assessed the incidence of adverse events among 76 patients with PHACE syndrome receiving oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma at 11 tertiary care, academic pediatric dermatology practices."	( Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome. Adams, D; Baselga, E; Chamlin, S; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, P; Garzon, MC; Gupta, D; Hansen, LM; Horii, K; Klajn, J; Lauren, C; Maheshwari, M; Mancini, AJ; Mathes, E; McCuaig, CC; Newell, B; Nguyen, HL; Nopper, A; Olsen, GM; Powell, J; Puttgen, KB; Siegel, DH; Stefanko, NS; Tollefson, MM, 2020)	1.05
"The main outcome was the rate and severity of adverse events occurring throughout the course of treatment with oral propranolol, as documented in the medical records."	( Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome. Adams, D; Baselga, E; Chamlin, S; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, P; Garzon, MC; Gupta, D; Hansen, LM; Horii, K; Klajn, J; Lauren, C; Maheshwari, M; Mancini, AJ; Mathes, E; McCuaig, CC; Newell, B; Nguyen, HL; Nopper, A; Olsen, GM; Powell, J; Puttgen, KB; Siegel, DH; Stefanko, NS; Tollefson, MM, 2020)	1.06
" There were no reports of serious adverse events (ie, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or cardiovascular events) during treatment with oral propranolol."	( Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome. Adams, D; Baselga, E; Chamlin, S; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, P; Garzon, MC; Gupta, D; Hansen, LM; Horii, K; Klajn, J; Lauren, C; Maheshwari, M; Mancini, AJ; Mathes, E; McCuaig, CC; Newell, B; Nguyen, HL; Nopper, A; Olsen, GM; Powell, J; Puttgen, KB; Siegel, DH; Stefanko, NS; Tollefson, MM, 2020)	1.05
"This study found that oral propranolol was used to treat infantile hemangioma in 76 patients with PHACE syndrome and that no serious adverse events were experienced."	( Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome. Adams, D; Baselga, E; Chamlin, S; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, P; Garzon, MC; Gupta, D; Hansen, LM; Horii, K; Klajn, J; Lauren, C; Maheshwari, M; Mancini, AJ; Mathes, E; McCuaig, CC; Newell, B; Nguyen, HL; Nopper, A; Olsen, GM; Powell, J; Puttgen, KB; Siegel, DH; Stefanko, NS; Tollefson, MM, 2020)	1.14
"To analyse the short-term adverse effects (AEs) of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and their relevant factors, as well as the relationship between child growth and propranolol."	( Propranolol Treatment for Infantile Hemangiomas: Short-Term Adverse Effects and Follow-Up to Age Two. Huo, R; Li, H; Li, X; Yang, K, 2019)	2.21
" Oral propranolol exerts more adverse effects on the CNS of lower age children, and it has exhibited no effect on the growth of two-year-old children."	( Propranolol Treatment for Infantile Hemangiomas: Short-Term Adverse Effects and Follow-Up to Age Two. Huo, R; Li, H; Li, X; Yang, K, 2019)	2.44
"Primary outcomes were efficacy (ie, migraine frequency, number of migraine days, number of headache days, headache frequency, or headache index), safety (ie, treatment discontinuation owing to adverse events), and acceptability (ie, treatment discontinuation for any reason)."	( Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Barthel, J; Berde, CB; Gaab, J; Koechlin, H; Kossowsky, J; Lam, TL; Linde, K; Locher, C; Meissner, K; Schwarzer, G, 2020)	0.56
"It appears that high-dose propranolol can be given safely with minimal adverse cardiovascular problems, provided that close clinical monitoring is maintained."	( The Safety and Effectiveness of High-Dose Propranolol as a Treatment for Challenging Behaviors in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Fethke, ED; London, EB; Yoo, JH; Zimmerman-Bier, B, )	0.7
" No serious adverse reactions were observed."	( Propranolol for infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma: Clinical evaluation of drug efficacy and safety using a single-center patient cohort. Gao, H; Gu, S; Li, J; Liang, Y; Shan, Y; Tian, R; Wang, J; Xie, C; Xu, M; Zhang, L, )	1.57
" We included trials comparingdifferent treatments and reported response or adverse events rate in IH patients."	( The efficacy and safety of treatments for infantile hemangiomas: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Chen, JJ; Guo, XD; Hu, DL; Shu, Q; Wu, XJ; Xu, S; Xuan, XX; Yang, H; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse event rates were similar between treatment groups, except for more frequent fatigue, dizziness, and sleep disorder in the propranolol group."	( Efficacy and safety of propranolol for treatment of temporomandibular disorder pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arbes, SJ; Campbell, JH; Di Giosia, M; Fillingim, RB; Hadgraft, H; Herman-Giddens, M; James, R; Lim, PF; Ohrbach, R; Ribeiro-Dasilva, M; Slade, GD; Tchivileva, IE; Willis, J, 2020)	1.07
"The clinical studies proved the adverse effect of Propranolol on sexual function."	( An Herbal Nanohybrid Formula of Epigallocatechin Gallate-Chitosan-Alginate Efficiently Restrict the Sexual Dysfunction Adverse Effect of Abo El-Ela, FI; El-Banna, HA; El-Nesr, KA; El-Shahawy, AAG; Khaled, E; Zanaty, MI, 2020)	0.81
" Most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were rash, fatigue, and vitiligo, observed in 44% patients."	( Phase I Clinical Trial of Combination Propranolol and Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Melanoma: Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Evidence of Antitumor Activity. Allen, C; Attwood, K; Bucsek, MJ; Cedeno, CD; Drabick, JJ; Ernstoff, MS; Funchain, P; Gandhi, S; Ji, W; Knudsen, ES; Levis, M; Mohammadpour, H; Pandey, MR; Puzanov, I; Repasky, EA; Stack, S; Tario, JD; Wallace, PK; Witkiewicz, AK, 2021)	0.89
"Combination of propranolol with pembrolizumab in treatment-naïve metastatic melanoma is safe and shows very promising activity."	( Phase I Clinical Trial of Combination Propranolol and Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Melanoma: Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Evidence of Antitumor Activity. Allen, C; Attwood, K; Bucsek, MJ; Cedeno, CD; Drabick, JJ; Ernstoff, MS; Funchain, P; Gandhi, S; Ji, W; Knudsen, ES; Levis, M; Mohammadpour, H; Pandey, MR; Puzanov, I; Repasky, EA; Stack, S; Tario, JD; Wallace, PK; Witkiewicz, AK, 2021)	1.25
" However, different adverse events have been reported during propranolol treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol vs Atenolol in Infants With Problematic Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chen, S; Dai, S; Ji, Y; Jiang, X; Kong, F; Li, L; Lu, G; Qiu, L; Qiu, T; Xiang, B; Yang, K; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2021)	1.17
" Adverse events were more common in the propranolol group (70."	( Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol vs Atenolol in Infants With Problematic Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chen, S; Dai, S; Ji, Y; Jiang, X; Kong, F; Li, L; Lu, G; Qiu, L; Qiu, T; Xiang, B; Yang, K; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2021)	1.2
"In this randomized clinical trial, when compared with propranolol, atenolol had similar efficacy and fewer adverse events in the treatment of infants with problematic IHs."	( Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol vs Atenolol in Infants With Problematic Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chen, S; Dai, S; Ji, Y; Jiang, X; Kong, F; Li, L; Lu, G; Qiu, L; Qiu, T; Xiang, B; Yang, K; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2021)	1.18
" We observed no serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol Gel for Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Hanawa, M; Ishii, I; Kawasaki, Y; Mitsukawa, N; Rikihisa, N; Shiko, Y; Suzuki, T; Takatsuka, H, 2022)	1.03
" However, other less lipophilic β-blockers, such as nadolol, may be preferable in individuals who experience propranolol unresponsiveness or adverse events."	( Noninferiority and Safety of Nadolol vs Propranolol in Infants With Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Drolet, B; Kanigsberg, N; Lara-Corrales, I; Liy-Wong, C; Ma, J; Pope, E; Sibbald, C, 2022)	1.2
"Oral nadolol was noninferior to oral propranolol, indicating it may be an efficacious and safe alternative in cases of propranolol unresponsiveness or adverse events, or when faster involution is required."	( Noninferiority and Safety of Nadolol vs Propranolol in Infants With Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Drolet, B; Kanigsberg, N; Lara-Corrales, I; Liy-Wong, C; Ma, J; Pope, E; Sibbald, C, 2022)	1.26
" Recorded adverse events included hypotension (11."	( The use of propranolol in adult burn patients: Safety and outcome influence. An, NH; Khanh, PQ; Lam, NN, 2022)	1.11
"For severely burned adults, propranolol was safe and effective on reducing energy expenditure, limited hepatomegaly, and accelerated partial burn wound and donor site closure, but does not affect length of stay in ICU, hospitalization, complication ormortality rate."	( The use of propranolol in adult burn patients: Safety and outcome influence. An, NH; Khanh, PQ; Lam, NN, 2022)	1.41
"Oral propranolol is a safe treatment for IH."	( Safety assessment of propranolol for infantile hemangioma: a study in an Asian population. Han, X; He, R; Li, L; Liu, Y; Ma, L; Qiu, L; Sun, Y; Wang, C; Wei, L; Xiu, B; Xu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, B, 2022)	1.55
"Antihypertensive propranolol (PRO) is frequently detected in surface waters and has adverse effects on aquatic organisms."	( Photodegradation of propranolol in surface waters: An important role of carbonate radical and enhancing toxicity phenomenon. Guo, Y; Guo, Z; Hatano, Y; Niu, J; Qian, Y; Wang, J; Ye, Z; Yoshimura, C; Yu, P; Zhang, L, 2022)	1.38
" There were no serious adverse events."	( Safety of propranolol for infantile hemangioma in infants less than five weeks corrected age. Check, JF; Gatts, JE; McLean, TW; Rush, MC; Samelak, DM, 2022)	1.12
"In this cohort of 24 patients with corrected age <5 weeks (CGA <45 weeks), propranolol was safe and effective for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas."	( Safety of propranolol for infantile hemangioma in infants less than five weeks corrected age. Check, JF; Gatts, JE; McLean, TW; Rush, MC; Samelak, DM, 2022)	1.35
" Adverse event and drug-related adverse event rates were 87."	( Efficacy and safety of propranolol cream in infantile hemangioma: A prospective pilot study. Hakamata, A; Hayano, S; Inui, N; Iwashima, S; Kashiwagura, Y; Nagata, E; Nishida, M; Odagiri, K; Okada, E; Sano, S; Tanaka, S; Uchida, S; Umemura, K; Watanabe, H, 2022)	1.03
" A more conservative random effect model meta-analysis technique was used to analyze the efficacy and adverse reactions of timolol and lasers."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of lasers, topical timolol, and combination therapy for the treatment of infantile hemangioma: A meta-analysis of 10 studies. Cai, B; Chen, X; Huang, H; Wang, B; Yu, J, 2022)	0.72
" In this study, aquatic vertebrate zebrafish were used as a model to study the toxic effects and mechanisms of propranolol hydrochloride."	( Propranolol hydrochloride induces neurodevelopmental toxicity and locomotor disorders in zebrafish larvae. Cao, Z; Chen, C; Chen, J; Hu, H; Huang, L; Li, X; Liao, X; Liu, F; Liu, J; Lu, H; Ma, X; Sun, S; Wan, M; Xiong, G; Yang, D; Zhang, L; Zhong, Z, 2022)	2.38
"Propranolol was safe and well tolerated in this population."	( Safety and efficacy of propranolol for treatment of familial cerebral cavernous malformations (Treat_CCM): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, phase 2 pilot trial. Al-Shahi Salman, R; Bertani, GA; Dejana, E; Lanfranconi, S; Latini, R; Meessen, JMTA; Pallini, R; Scola, E, 2023)	2.66
" The observed adverse effects were majority mild and only 3 patients needed to rest for 7 days due to severe diarrhea before restarting treatment."	( Safety of oral propranolol for neonates with problematic infantile hemangioma: a retrospective study in an Asian population. Bai, H; Cheng, J; Fu, R; Huan, X; Huang, M; Jin, P; Wu, Z; Yuan, H; Zou, Y, 2023)	1.26
" This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of anthracycline and propranolol combination in stage 3 HSA-affected dogs."	( Efficacy and adverse events of anthracycline and propranolol combination in five dogs with stage 3 hemangiosarcoma. Fujii, Y; Goto, S; Iwasaki, R; Mori, T; Terauchi, M; Yoshikawa, R, 2023)	1.38

Pharmacokinetics

We have studied the pharmacodynamic effects of ramipril, propranolol, and their combination, as well as the effect of pro Pranolol on the pharmacokinetics of Ramipril in 12 healthy men. In vitro kinetics and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles after oral administration of timolol, metoprolol and propr ethanol were investigated in rats.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The aims of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in the cat, to compare pharmacokinetic parameters for propranolol in the cat with those of four other species and to apply the two-step infusion method of Wagner (Clin."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in the cat and comparisons with humans and three other species. Garg, DC; Jallad, NS; Wagner, JG; Weidler, DJ, 1979)	0.82
"Our preliminary pharmacodynamic studies on the lower urinary tract of adult female dogs indicate that cholinergic and adrenergic (alpha and beta) neuroreceptors in the urethra appear to coordinate the detrusor and urethral function during micturition."	( Cholinergic and adrenergic neuroreceptors in urinary tract of female dogs. Evaluation of function with pharmacodynamics. Gonick, P; Heber, D; Khanna, OP, 1975)	0.25
" Patients with cirrhosis had a significantly longer quinidine half-life (9 +/- 1 hr; p less than ."	( Quinidine pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis or receiving propranolol. Black, M; Humphries, WC; Kessler, KM; Spann, JF, 1978)	0.49
"The tendency for patients with essential hypertension to differ markedly in antihypertensive response to propranolol could arise from pathophysiologic or pharmacokinetic differences between them."	( Pathophysiologic and pharmacokinetic determinants of the antihypertensive response to propranolol. DeQuattro, V; Esler, M; Randall, O; Zweifler, A, 1977)	0.69
" Pharmacokinetic variables have been determined that allow: (1) derivation of the loading dose necessary to achieve rapid control of blood pressure with propranolol hydrochloride, guanethidine, minoxidil and clonidine hydrochloride; (2) reduced frequency of dosing with methyldopa, hydralazine hydrochloride, prazosin hydrochloride, propranolol and clonidine; and (3) alteration of propranolol and hydralazine dosage based on physiologic factors (e."	( Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. V: Contributions to developing dosage regimens for antihypertensive drugs. Schumacher, GE, 1979)	0.46
" Antipyrine elimination half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd), and total clearance were determined after each trial."	( Impairment of antipyrine clearance in humans by propranolol. Franke, K; Greenblatt, DJ; Huffman, DH, 1978)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic data were obtained in hypertensive male patients (4) after treatment with 14C-radioactively labelled acebutolol hydrochloride."	( [Pharmacokinetics of acebutolol]. Collins, RF, 1975)	0.25
" Consequently, hepatic elimination is unaffected by drug binding in blood, In contrast, the distribution of drug into the tissues is reduced by plasma binding, so that drug half-life (T 1/2), which varies from 11/2-3 hours among individuals is more prolonged in people with relatively low plasma binding."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol: a review. Shand, DG, 1976)	0.58
" The biological half-life was reduced and the central volume of distribution, volume of distribution at pseudo-equilibrium and total clearance (TC) were markedly increased."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of intravenous dl-propranolol in borderline and permanent hypertension. Alexandre, JM; Chevillard, C; Frydman, A; Lemaire, P; Safar, ME; Simon, A; Weiss, YA, 1976)	0.51
" A significant increase in the fraction of the dose available to the systemic circulation was also found, together with a modification of apparent plasma half-life and volume of distribution in regular dialysis patients during the dialysis day as compared with the after-dialysis day."	( Pharmacokinetics and effects of propranolol in terminal uraemic patients and in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment. Bianchetti, G; Brancaccio, D; Gomeni, R; Graziani, G; Leonetti, G; Manfrin, M; Morganti, A; Morselli, PL; Ponticelli, C; Sega, R, 1976)	0.54
"A novel method for detecting and quantitating pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions is described."	( New method for detecting and quantitating pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions applied to ethanol-propranolol. Lin, YJ; Wagner, JG; Weidler, DJ, 1976)	0.47
" The changes in the volumes of distribution of propranolol and verapamil during exercise may contribute to preventing an increase in the half-life of these drugs in patients performing prolonged physical exercise."	( Exercise and the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, verapamil and atenolol. Mooij, JM; Schiffers, PM; van Baak, MA, 1992)	0.81
"We evaluated the degree of inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), principally by cilazapril, by assessing the blood pressure response to a continuous infusion of increasing doses of angiotensin I, and assessed the possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between cilazapril and propranolol in healthy volunteers and patients with mild to severe essential hypertension."	( Clinical pharmacodynamic studies with cilazapril and a combination of cilazapril and propranolol. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, KA; Essig, J, 1991)	0.68
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of lacidipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, and the beta-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol were determined alone and in combination in 24 healthy male volunteers."	( The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between lacidipine and propranolol in healthy volunteers. Hall, ST; Harding, SM; Hassani, H; Keene, ON; Pellegatti, M, 1991)	0.71
" An earlier tmax and a higher Cmax and AUC were observed in the subjects who received piperine and propranolol."	( Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Bano, G; Bedi, KL; Johri, RK; Raina, RK; Sharma, SC; Zutshi, U, 1991)	0.74
"Stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics may be characterized by a measurable difference between enantiomers in a pharmacokinetic parameter."	( Stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics: a general theory. Boddy, AV; Levy, RH, 1991)	0.28
" Misoprostol had no significant effect on the t/2, Cmax or AUC of propranolol either after a single dose or at steady state."	( Misoprostol does not alter the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Bennett, PN; Fenn, GC; Lee, CE; Notarianni, LJ, 1991)	0.77
" Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 h after dose 13 on day 5 to determine possible pharmacokinetic interactions between the two drugs."	( Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and propranolol when administered alone and in combination. Dimmitt, DC; Elvin, AT; Giesing, DH; Lanman, RC; Yu, DK, 1991)	0.56
"The disposition of 4'-hydroxypropranolol (HOP) was determined after iv administration to dogs (2 mg/kg; N = 5) and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from plasma measurements."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the pharmacologically active 4'-hydroxylated metabolite of propranolol in the dog. Christ, DD; Oatis, JE; Walle, T; Walle, UK, )	0.64
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those obtained previously in non-obese control subjects."	( Comparison of propranolol and sotalol pharmacokinetics in obese subjects. Barré, J; Cheymol, G; Cohen, A; Hugues, FC; Le Jeunne, C; Poirier, JM, 1990)	0.64
" In obese subjects the pharmacokinetic data calculated for sotalol (total clearance (CL), volume of distribution (V beta), half-life of elimination (t1/2), were comparable with those measured in the controls."	( [Comparison of beta-blocking agents pharmacokinetics in obese and non-obese subjects]. Cheymol, G, 1990)	0.28
" Potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between verapamil and propranolol were evaluated in two double-blind, randomised, balanced, crossover studies employing the same six healthy males."	( Evaluation of potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between verapamil and propranolol in normal subjects. Brodie, MJ; McInnes, GT; Murdoch, DL; Murray, GD; Thompson, GG; Thomson, GD, 1991)	0.73
" Pharmacokinetic variable values in elderly subjects did not differ in a clinically significant manner from those in younger subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics of misoprostol in the elderly, in patients with renal failure and when coadministered with NSAID or antipyrine, propranolol or diazepam. Karim, A; Nicholson, PA; Smith, M, 1990)	0.48
"A comparative pharmacokinetic study of a new controlled release multiple unit propranolol formulation and a conventional propranolol tablet was carried out in twelve healthy human volunteers in a randomized balanced crossover design."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of conventional and controlled release dosage form of propranolol. Chattaraj, SC; Das, SK, 1990)	0.73
" Pharmacodynamic relationships were determined by fitting percent change in ACL and heart rate at maximal exertion with 1-propranolol with the Emax model (maximal effect) and nonlinear regression."	( Pharmacodynamics of propranolol on left ventricular function: assessment by Doppler echocardiography. Clifton, GD; Harrison, MR; Pennell, AT, 1990)	0.81
"The study aimed at investigating an effect of propranolol on lidocaine pharmacokinetic parameters, especially elimination rate and total clearance rate."	( [Effect of propranolol on lidocaine pharmacokinetics]. Bijoś, P; Droździk, M; Feszak, J; Gawrońska-Szklarz, G; Goertz, K; Wójcicki, J, )	0.78
" A possible pharmacodynamic interaction between oxazepam and the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists was examined using a simple reaction time test (SRT) and by measurement of postural sway."	( Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxazepam during concomitant administration of propranolol and labetalol. Døssing, M; Hamberg, O; Loft, S; Olesen, KL; Sonne, J; Thyssen, H; Victor, MA; Vollmer-Larsen, A, 1990)	0.49
" Comparable mean quinapril pharmacokinetic parameter values as well as comparable mean quinaprilat pharmacokinetic parameter values determined following quinapril administered alone and following quinapril administered with propranolol, indicate that propranolol does not alter the single dose pharmacokinetics of quinapril or quinaprilat."	( Multiple-dose propranolol administration does not influence the single dose pharmacokinetics of quinapril and its active metabolite (quinaprilat). Caillé, G; Colburn, WA; Ferry, JJ; Frank, GJ; Horvath, AM; Lacasse, Y; Olson, SC; Pilon, D, 1990)	0.82
" The half-life for MTP (3."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of oral doses of a 4'-methylthio derivative of propranolol in man. Conradi, EC; Cowart, TD; Gaffney, TE; Walle, T; Walle, UK, 1990)	0.51
" Co-administration of nicardipine significantly increased the AUC and the mean Cmax of propranolol."	( Influence of nicardipine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol in healthy volunteers. Dupont, AG; Massart, DL; Musch, G; Schoors, DF; Vercruysse, I, 1990)	0.73
"The effect of partial gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetic parameters of (+)- and (-)-propranolol were investigated in six dogs."	( Effects of truncal vagotomy and partial gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol enantiomers in dogs. Derendorf, H; Harrison, D; Hocking, MP; Limberg, J; Schaefer, HG, 1990)	0.73
"Because both quinidine and propranolol bind to the cytochrome P-450 responsible for the oxidation of debrisoquin, six healthy male subjects were studied to determine whether an interaction occurred between the two drugs and the pharmacodynamic consequences of that interaction."	( Quinidine reduces clearance of (+)-propranolol more than (-)-propranolol through marked reduction in 4-hydroxylation. Anthony, LB; Roden, DM; Wood, AJ; Zhou, HH, 1990)	0.85
" The plasma concentrations of both (+)- and (-)-propranolol were lower in Chinese than in white subjects, resulting in significantly lower peak plasma concentrations and areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in Chinese subjects, the half-life of elimination did not differ significantly between Chinese and white subjects or between the two isomers."	( Differences in stereoselective disposition of propranolol do not explain sensitivity differences between white and Chinese subjects: correlation between the clearance of (-)- and (+)-propranolol. Wood, AJ; Zhou, HH, 1990)	0.79
" The elimination half-life of moricizine is 2 to 6 hours, but its duration of antiarrhythmic action is much longer suggesting active metabolites."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of moricizine. Barbey, JT; Schwartz, SL; Siddoway, LA; Woosley, RL, 1990)	0.28
"The pharmacokinetic profile and the cardiovascular actions of desethyl-N-acetylprocainamide (NAPADE) were studied in chloralose-urethane anesthetized dogs."	( Cardiovascular actions and pharmacokinetics of desethyl-N-acetylprocainamide in the dog. King, LW; Lertora, JJ, 1986)	0.27
" The short duration of the bypass procedure and the continuous changes during the process hamper a rigorous pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Cardiopulmonary bypass and the pharmacokinetics of drugs. An update. Bogaert, MG; Buylaert, WA; Herregods, LL; Mortier, EP, 1989)	0.28
" No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions between cilazapril and propranolol were found."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the ACE inhibitor cilazapril and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol in healthy subjects and in hypertensive patients. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, K; Essig, J; Hoogkamer, JF; Kleinbloesem, CH; Kneer, J, 1989)	0.71
"In an open, crossover study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of lisinopril and enalapril, administered alone and in combination with propranolol, were evaluated in 12 volunteers."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lisinopril and enalapril, alone and in combination with propranolol. Bendtsen, F; Henriksen, JH, 1989)	0.69
" The isolated vagus nerve-trachea tube preparation of the guinea-pig is well suited for the concommitant study of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of bronchodilator drugs."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects on the transport of bronchodilator drugs through the tracheal epithelium of the guinea-pig. Jeppsson, AB; Roos, C; Waldeck, B; Widmark, E, 1989)	0.28
" The Cmax was significantly higher with C propranolol in both phases."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Blanc, M; Calès, P; Cotonat, J; Grasset, D; Meskens, C; Pascal, JP; Ravaud, A; Vinel, JP, 1989)	0.8
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of four different brands of propranolol (Inderal, Ciplar, Corbeta and Propal) were carried out after single and multiple dosing on six normal adult healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover fashion to determine any inter-brand variations in bioavailability and pharmacodynamic effects."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of four different brands of propranolol in normal volunteers. Biswas, NR; Garg, SK; Kumar, N; Mukherjee, S; Sharma, PL, 1989)	0.73
" The half-life of propranolol and lidocaine in the initial phase of elimination correlated with the degree of portal-arterial disorders in liver blood supply."	( [Usefulness of the evaluation of blood supply and mass of the liver for predicting the rate of pharmacokinetics of lidocaine, propranolol and phenazone]. Becker, A; Bołdys, H; Hartleb, M; Kloc, T; Mańczyk, I, 1989)	0.82
" The doubling of the dose administered was reflected in blood concentrations but not in pharmacodynamic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two doses of long acting propranolol (80 and 160 mg) in healthy subjects. Berlin, I; Cournot, A; Duchier, J; Flouvat, B; Robinet, D; Rossi, A; Sarmini, H, 1989)	0.51
"vg application, both the AUC and the Cmax values of PPL were significantly greater than those of orally dosed females, while no statistically significant differences were found in the tmax values."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of propranolol and its major metabolites in the rat after oral and vaginal administration. Buttar, HS; Qureshi, SA, 1989)	0.53
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of nisoldipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, and the lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol were assessed alone and in combination in 12 healthy men."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nisoldipine and propranolol. Leenen, FH; Levine, MA; Ogilvie, RI, 1988)	0.7
"Comparative pharmacokinetic studies with the beta-receptor blocking drugs propranolol, metoprolol, sotalol and atenolol, differing greatly in lipophilicity, and their main route of elimination were performed in light-dark-synchronized rats after equimolar single (6 mumoles/kg) or multiple (6 X 6 mumoles/kg) drug application."	( Chronopharmacokinetics of beta-receptor blocking drugs of different lipophilicity (propranolol, metoprolol, sotalol, atenolol) in plasma and tissues after single and multiple dosing in the rat. Fink, M; Lemmer, B; Ohm, T; Winkler, H, 1985)	0.73
" The poor metaboliser phenotype is associated with increased plasma drug concentrations, a prolongation of elimination half-life and more intense and sustained beta-blockade."	( The polymorphic oxidation of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Lennard, MS; Tucker, GT; Woods, HF, )	0.13
"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nifedipine and two beta-blocking agents were investigated."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nifedipine and propranolol or betaxolol. Canal, M; Carbon, C; Cascio, B; Domart, Y; Flouvat, B; Larribaud, J; Orofiamma, B; Roux, A; Vinceneux, P, 1986)	0.5
" The pharmacokinetic parameters show an enhanced plasma elimination of both drugs at interrupted enterohepatic circulation compared to the control group."	( The pharmacokinetics of exaprolol and propranolol in rats with interrupted enterohepatic circulation. Bezek, S; Durisová, M; Faberová, V; Misánikova, K; Motheová, O; Trnovec, T; Zemánek, M, )	0.4
" The duration of action and elimination half-life both averaged less than 15 min."	( Pharmacodynamics and onset of action of esmolol in anesthetized dogs. Gorczynski, RJ; Quon, CY, 1986)	0.27
"The pharmacodynamic profile of bisoprolol, a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist, was investigated in four independent studies including 36 healthy male volunteers."	( Pharmacodynamic profile of bisoprolol, a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist. Bühring, KU; Leopold, G; Pabst, J; Simane, Z; Ungethüm, W; Wiemann, H, 1986)	0.27
"82 ml/min/kg) and prolonged elimination half-life (29 vs."	( Bromazepam pharmacokinetics: influence of age, gender, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, and propranolol. Burstein, ES; Friedman, H; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Locniskar, A; Ochs, HR; Shader, RI, 1987)	0.49
" Betaxolol (Kerlon, 8) was found to exhibit an appropriate preclinical pharmacological and human pharmacokinetic profile (elevated oral bioavailability and prolonged plasma half-life) for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and angina."	( Synthesis of a series of compounds related to betaxolol, a new beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with a pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profile optimized for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases. Binet, JL; Cavero, IG; Lefèvre-Borg, F; Manoury, PM; Rousseau, J, 1987)	0.27
"01) increased half-life (8."	( The effects of a beta-2 selective adrenergic agonist and a beta-nonselective antagonist on theophylline clearance. Bertino, JS; Goldberg, A; Lombardi, TP; Middleton, E; Slaughter, RL, 1987)	0.27
" It is concluded that only on the basis of the respective receptor occupancy one may delineate pharmacodynamic differences of different drugs of the same class in man."	( In vitro receptor occupancy allows to establish equieffective doses of beta-blockers with different pharmacodynamic profiles in man. Investigations with propranolol and bufuralol. Belz, GG; Matthews, JH; Palm, D; Wellstein, A, 1985)	0.47
" The plasma half-life and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of antipyrine were unchanged."	( Potential drug interactions with misoprostol: effects on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and propranolol. Bennett, PN; Fenn, GC; Notarianni, LJ, 1988)	0.49
" The results indicate that Betalong (SR propranolol) satisfies the pharmacokinetic criteria expected of a sustained release preparation of propranolol and may be useful in single daily dose."	( Pharmacokinetic study of a new sustained release preparation of propranolol in normal healthy volunteers. Biswas, NR; Garg, SK; Gyawali, K; Kumar, N; Lal, R; Narendranath, KA; Sharma, PL, 1988)	0.78
"The interactions of propranolol, nimodipine, and amiodarone with membrane lipids were examined in an effort to explain their different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties."	( Possible molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three membrane-active drugs: propranolol, nimodipine and amiodarone. Chester, DW; Herbette, LG; Katz, AM; Trumbore, M, 1988)	0.81
"05) between dosage forms in the mean (n = 28) area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) or time to Cmax (tmax) for propranolol or its active metabolite, 4-hydroxypropranolol."	( Steady state relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral propranolol in black and white North Americans. Lesko, LJ; Perkal, M; Sharoky, M; Turner, R, )	0.56
" Compared with conventionally formulated propranolol, long acting propranolol has a prolonged terminal half-life (8 to 11 hours), due to slower absorption from the gut."	( Pharmacokinetics of long acting propranolol. Implications for therapeutic use. Nace, GS; Wood, AJ, 1987)	0.82
" ANOVA revealed significant circadian changes in the peak propranolol concentration (Cmax), with a maximum at 08 h and a minimum at 02 h after drug intake; tmax was not dependent on the circadian phase."	( Circadian changes in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of oral propranolol in healthy subjects. Langner, B; Lemmer, B, 1988)	0.75
" An elevation of the mean Cmax was found, from 73."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between nifedipine and propranolol. Koren, G; Levy, M; Turetz-Abramovitch, M; Zylber-Katz, E, 1988)	0.53
" administration of antipyrine, the systemic clearance was decreased, the volume of distribution was unchanged and the half-life was increased 48 hr after catheter implantation."	( Alteration of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of propranolol and antipyrine elicited by indwelling catheters in the rat. Belpaire, FM; Bogaert, MG; Chindavijak, B; De Smet, F, 1988)	0.52
" Elimination half-life was similar for the two populations (3."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of intravenous propranolol in obese and normal volunteers. Barre, J; Cheymol, G; Dry, J; Poirier, JM; Pradalier, A, 1987)	0.53
"This double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-period cross-over study was undertaken to evaluate the sustained-release characteristics of long-acting propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal LA, Ayerst Laboratories, New York, NY) 60 mg qd, to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of this formulation with conventional propranolol 20 mg tid, and to evaluate the proportionality of long-acting propranolol 60 mg (LA 60 mg) and long-acting propranolol 80 mg (LA 80 mg)."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of long-acting propranolol 60-mg capsules: a comparative evaluation. Dey, M; Dorick, DM; Garg, DC; Jallad, NS; Marino, MR; Martinez, JJ; Weidler, DJ, 1987)	0.72
"Peculiarities of propranolol pharmacokinetics in patients with acute myocardial infarction were determined after oral administration of 80 mg of the drug and compared with control group of patients with stage II hypertensive disease: a significant increase of Cmax, Tmax and AUC without changes of kel and T1/2."	( [Pharmacokinetic characteristics of propranolol in patients with a history of acute myocardial infarct]. Kalenikov, EI; Katrukha, SP; Kukes, VG; Zagrebin, SV, )	0.75
" The differences between the average pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for the group did not differ significantly between the two periods of study."	( Propranolol pharmacokinetics during the menstrual cycle. Abdu-Aguye, I; Dunlop, D; Patel, P; Turner, P, 1986)	1.71
" The pharmacokinetic data are consistent with a decrease in intrinsic hepatic clearance of propranolol, leading to an increase in bioavailability at steady-state."	( Propranolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after single doses and at steady-state. Bottorff, MB; Lalonde, RL; Mirvis, DM; Pieper, JA; Straka, RJ, 1987)	1.94
"This investigation was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of single and multiple doses of conventional propranolol and long-acting propranolol in healthy human volunteers."	( Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of conventional and long-acting propranolol. Chalavarya, G; Fencik, M; Garg, DC; Jallad, NS; Kraml, M; Mishriki, A; Weidler, DJ, )	0.56
" There were no statistical differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the both preparations."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetic studies on the relative biologic availability of two propranolol preparations in patients with steady state essential hypertension]. Faulhaber, HD; Gohlke, HR; Prehm, C; Rostock, G, 1986)	0.5
"01) with no change in plasma half-life or plasma binding."	( Increased clearance of propranolol and theophylline by high-protein compared with high-carbohydrate diet. Bai, SA; Fagan, TC; Gaffney, TE; Oexmann, MJ; Walle, T; Walle, UK, 1987)	0.58
"Various pharmacokinetic parameters--disposition half-life, t1/2,z, metabolic clearance CLm, volume of distribution V, intrinsic clearance of unbound drug CLuint, and unbound volume of distribution of tissues (distributive tissue volume/fraction of drug in tissue unbound, VT/fuT--are compared in rat and human for nine weakly acidic drugs, phenytoin, hexobarbital, pentobarbital, phenylbutazone, warfarin, tolbutamide, valproate, phenobarbital, and amobarbital, and six weakly basic drugs, quinidine, chlorpromazine, propranolol, pentazocin, antipyrine, and diazepam."	( Prediction of the disposition of nine weakly acidic and six weakly basic drugs in humans from pharmacokinetic parameters in rats. Hanano, M; Iga, T; Sawada, Y; Sugiyama, Y, 1985)	0.43
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of the isoxicam plasma concentration/time data obtained over 96 h following the doses of isoxicam before and during propranolol administration were compared."	( The effect of administration of propranolol on the pharmacokinetics of isoxicam. Besner, JG; Caillé, G; Lacasse, Y; Larivière, L; Vézina, M, )	0.62
"The pharmacokinetic properties of propranolol and atenolol were evaluated both in 9 patients with cirrhosis and in 12 healthy subjects."	( Hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of propranolol and atenolol in cirrhosis patients. Decourt, S; Flouvat, B; Lebrec, D; Leneveu, A; Rocher, I; Rosier, SP, 1985)	0.81
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of nipradilol (NIP), a new potent antihypertensive and antianginal agent, and propranolol were determined after oral, intravenous and intraportal administration to the beagle dog implanted with cannula in portal vein at a dose of 1 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetics of nipradilol (K-351), a new antihypertensive agent. II. Influence of the route of administration on bioavailability in dogs. Fujii, M; Ito, T; Kojima, J; Suzuki, J; Yoshimura, M, 1985)	0.48
"The pharmacodynamic activities of two beta adrenergic antagonists, propranolol and practolol, were compared in eight hypertensive patients."	( Pharmacodynamic studies of beta adrenergic antagonism induced in man by propranolol and practolol. Bodem, G; Brammell, HL; Chidsey, CA; Weil, JV, 1973)	0.72
" The clearance of both antipyrine and d-propranolol was increased and the half-life decreased significantly by phenobarbital."	( Increased clearance of antipyrine and d-propranolol after phenobarbital treatment in the monkey. Relative contributions of enzyme induction and increased hepatic blood flow. Branch, RA; Nies, AS; Shand, DG; Wilkinson, GR, 1974)	0.79
" The half-life of total radioactivity is greatly lengthened in the presence of severe renal failure while the half-lives of the pharmacologically active propranolol and 4-hydroxymetabolite are slightly reduced."	( Pharmacodynamics of propranolol in renal failure. Foulkes, DM; Joekes, AM; Thompson, FD, 1972)	0.77
" These results suggest the need for cautious interpretation of some venous pharmacokinetic data."	( Instantaneous input hypothesis in pharmacokinetic studies. Chen, ML; Chiou, WL; Lam, G; Lee, MG, 1981)	0.26
" 4 The peak blood level of betaxolol was reached 2 to 4 hr after its administration, the first-pass loss is likely to be low and the half-life is 12."	( Beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects and pharmacokinetics of betaxolol (SL 75212) in man. Bianchetti, G; Chauvin, M; Giudicelli, JF; Gomeni, R; Morselli, PL; Richer, C; Thuillez, C, 1980)	0.26
" No significant change in plasma half-life occurred and there was no correlation between the mean steady-state propranolol concentration and beta-adrenergic blockade or antihypertensive effect."	( Relationship of propranolol pharmacokinetics to antihypertensive effect and beta-adrenergic blockade in the treatment of hypertension. Dunning, AJ; Krediet, RT; Offerhaus, L, 1980)	0.82
" The l-isomer had a longer plasma half-life than dl-propranolol at each dose during the beta-phase."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol isomers and their relationships with beta adrenoceptor blocking activity in rabbits administered with dl-propranolol. Ishikawa, H; Kawashima, K, 1980)	0.84
"1 The speed of onset of the pharmacodynamic activity of intravenous propranolol, practolol, oxprenolol and metoprolol was determined, using attenuation of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia as the end-point, in 16 patients with clinically coronary heart disease."	( Speed of onset of pharmacodynamic activity of propranolol, practolol, oxprenolol and metoprolol after intravenous infection in man. Lochan, R; Silke, B; Taylor, SH, 1981)	0.76
" Although there was a statistically significant difference in certain pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve, elimination constant and elimination half-life) between elderly patients (more that 60 years) and young persons (20-30 years) no significant differences were found as far as smoking and nonsmoking is concerned."	( Influence of smoking and age on pharmacokinetics of beta-receptor blockers. Beveridge, T; Fitscha, P; Hitzenberger, G; Nüesch, E; Pacha, W, 1982)	0.26
" The present study did not show significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nifedipine and lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor blockers."	( Study of the influence of nifedipine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol. Bellens, R; Degre, S; Degreve, M; Fitzsimons, TJ; Gangji, D; Herchuelz, A; Juvent, M; Niset, G; Poortmans, J; Wathieu, M, 1984)	0.49
" The study reported here was designed to show whether the pharmacokinetics of verapamil are influenced by concurrent treatment with three different beta-adrenoceptor blockers, and whether there is any pharmacodynamic interaction between these drugs."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil in combination with atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol. Fitzsimons, TJ; Holt, D; Johnston, A; Warrington, SJ, 1984)	0.49
"Higher AUC and Cmax values were obtained for metoprolol, oxprenolol and propranolol in groups receiving the low-dose oestrogen-ethinyl oestradiol oral contraceptive, but statistical significance was reached only with metoprolol AUC."	( Beta-adrenoceptor blocker pharmacokinetics and the oral contraceptive pill. Jack, DB; Kendall, MJ; Quarterman, CP; Smith, SR; Zaman, R, 1984)	0.5
" Unlike other calcium antagonists, detailed pharmacokinetic data are available for verapamil."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil. Blouin, RA; Hamann, SR; McAllister, RG, )	0.13
" The elimination half-life with LA was significantly longer than with CV (6."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions of a long-acting formulation of propranolol. Ebihara, A; Kondo, K; Ohashi, K; Usami, M, 1984)	0.49
"We have examined the analysis of pharmacodynamic data in normal subjects receiving propranolol, flecainide or the two together."	( Application of second-order polynomial equations to the study of pharmacodynamic interactions: the effect of flecainide acetate and propranolol on cardiac output and vascular resistance. Berry, DA; Borrell, G; Holtzman, JL; Kvam, DC; Mottonen, L, 1984)	0.7
" Propranolol was assayed in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol during pregnancy. Kinney, CD; McDevitt, DG; Murnaghan, GA; O'Hare, MF, 1984)	1.5
" Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out on the fifth day after injection of the renal toxin (renal failure group) or saline (control group)."	( Pharmacokinetics of l-propranolol during repetitive dosing in normal and uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure rats. Shen, DD; Terao, N, 1984)	0.58
" Additionally, physiological parameters considered to be relevant to the pharmacokinetic handling (absorption rate and splanchnic hemodynamics) were studied."	( Interaction between oral hydralazine and propranolol. I. Changes in absorption, presystemic clearance and splanchnic blood flow. Bourne, R; Constantinides, S; Corbett, H; Heinzow, B; McLean, AJ, 1984)	0.53
"The possibility to apply impedance cardiography technique and individual statistical analysis based on Dixon's criterion to pharmacodynamic studies of single hydralazine ( apressine ), prazosine ( pratsiol ), endralazine ( mirethilan ), propranolol (obsidan) doses is discussed."	( [Methodologic approach to individual evaluation of the pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of hydralazine, endralazine, prazosine and propranolol in hypertension patients]. Izotov, AI; Postol'nikov, SF; Vygodin, VA, 1984)	0.65
" The therapeutic dose, clearance, extraction coefficient, bioavailability and half-life are the object of particular study."	( [Pharmacokinetics of anti-arrhythmics. 2. Clinical applications]. Bricaud, H; Lévy, RH; Lévy, S, 1980)	0.26
" Pharmacokinetic of propranolol, phenytoin and lidocain was studied in groups of male "Fauve de Bourgogne" rabbits."	( [Pharmacokinetics of propranolol, phenytoin and lidocaine in hypercholesterolemic rabbits]. Albin, H; Pehourcq, F; Ploux, D; Vinçon, G, )	0.77
" There was no statistically significant difference in elimination half-life (t1/2) between (+/-)- and (-)-propranolol before and after antithyroid drug therapy."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol stereoisomers in hyperthyroid patients. Ebihara, A; Ishikawa, H; Kawashima, K; Saito, K; Tawara, K; Yamamoto, K; Yoshida, S, 1981)	0.74
" The pharmacodynamic study was performed according to an original technique consisting in a sequence of monitored repeated identical treadmill exercise."	( [Comparative pharmacodynamic study of Cordanum and obzidan in stress angina pectoris patients]. Nazarenko, VA; Nikolenko, SA, 1981)	0.26
" As the effects of beta-blocking agents on the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are correlated with the serum concentration of the drugs, sotalol, with its long half-life and unaltered elimination in hyperthyroidism, has certain advantages over propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism. Anttila, M; Aro, A; Korhonen, T; Sundquist, H, 1982)	0.77
"1 Pharmacokinetic investigations were carried out in a group of 32 ambulant normal male volunteers in order to determine the effect of age and smoking on steady-state plasma levels of pindolol and propranolol."	( Effects of age and smoking on the pharmacokinetics of pindolol and propranolol. Beveridge, T; Fitscha, P; Hitzenberger, G; Nüesch, E; Pacha, W, 1982)	0.69
" 6 There was no significant difference in plasma propranolol levels, Cmax propranolol or AUCo-x following the three preparations."	( Comparative pharmacological and pharmacokinetic observations on propranolol (long acting formulation) and bendrofluazide administered separately and concurrently to volunteers. Barker, NP; Castle, WM; Harron, DW; McAinsh, J; Nicholls, DP; Shanks, RG, 1982)	0.76
"1 L/min) propranolol although the half-life of propranolol did not change significantly."	( Increased clearance of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis. Crooks, J; Feely, J; Stevenson, IH, 1981)	0.99
" Both arterial and venous data were then subjected to extensive pharmacokinetic analyses utilizing standard procedures."	( Arterial and venous blood sampling in pharmacokinetic studies: propranolol in rabbits and dogs. Chiou, WL; Lam, G, 1981)	0.5
" A multiexponential curve-stripping program was used for the pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Borgström, L; Johansson, CG; Larsson, H; Lenander, R, 1981)	0.59
" Nicardipine increased significantly the AUC and Cmax of oral propranolol (1."	( Influences of the calcium antagonists nicardipine and nifedipine, and the calcium agonist BAY-K-8644, on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in rats. Dupont, AG; Massart, DL; Schoors, DF; Vercruysse, I, 1993)	0.73
"The action of the beta-adrenoblocker anaprilline on the pharmacodynamic effects of strophanthin was examined in in vivo experiments during simulated rat heart failure and on isolated frog atrial specimens."	( [Effect of anapriline on the pharmacodynamic effects of strophanthin in experiments on isolated myocardial preparations and under conditions of simulation of cardiac insufficiency]. Lemkina, SM, )	0.13
" The method is applied to pharmacokinetic studies of racemic propranolol in human plasma and urine."	( Microassay of propranolol enantiomers and conjugates in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography after chiral derivatization for pharmacokinetic study. Claude, JR; Ellouk-Achard, S; Fompeydie, D; Galons, H; Gramond, JP; Levresse, V; Pham-Huy, C; Saada, V; Sahui-Gnassi, A, 1994)	0.89
" We assessed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of the ACE inhibitor cilazapril and the beta-blocker propranolol in healthy volunteers and patients with essential hypertension."	( Review of studies on the clinical pharmacodynamics of cilazapril. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, K, 1994)	0.5
" Stereoselective analysis showed the apparent distribution volume and the area under plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of R-(+)-propranolol to be, respectively, one-quarter and twice those of the S-(-)-enantiomer and differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between the two were magnified by turpentine oil pretreatment."	( Effects of turpentine oil pretreatment on beta-blocker pharmacokinetic parameters in rats. Hasegawa, R; Kimura, T; Murai-Kushiya, M; Okada, S, 1993)	0.49
"To evaluate the pharmacodynamic properties of carvedilol across a broad range of doses in relation to its enantiospecific kinetics and adrenergic receptor occupancies, relative to placebo and propranolol."	( Dose-effect and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocking properties of various doses of carvedilol in healthy humans. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; de Mey, C; Neugebauer, G; Palm, D; Schloos, J, 1994)	0.48
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions after 7 days of oral treatment with nisoldipine (10 mg twice daily) and propranolol (80 mg twice daily) were investigated in a partially randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of 12 healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions during multiple-dose administration of nisoldipine and propranolol. Leenen, FH; Ogilvie, RI; Shaw-Stiffel, TA; Walker, SE, 1994)	0.71
"At the end of each treatment period, pharmacokinetic parameters were measured, along with blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac function, systemic hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines, forearm blood flow, and apparent hepatic blood flow (estimated by the clearance of indocyanine green dye)."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions during multiple-dose administration of nisoldipine and propranolol. Leenen, FH; Ogilvie, RI; Shaw-Stiffel, TA; Walker, SE, 1994)	0.5
" Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate-release (IR) and sustained-release (SR) verapamil on the pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol in 12 healthy men."	( Evaluation of dosage-release formulations on inhibition of drug clearance: effect of sustained- and immediate-release verapamil on propranolol pharmacokinetic parameters. Bleske, BE; Edwards, DJ; Rodman, DP; Shea, MJ; Touchette, MA; Welage, LS, 1994)	0.69
" Coadministration of nicardipine significantly increased the AUC and Cmax and significantly decreased the Cl(o) and Cl'intr for unbound drug of (R)- and (S)-propranolol."	( Enantioselective inhibitory effect of nicardipine on the hepatic clearance of propranolol in man. Belpaire, F; Dupont, AG; Massart, DL; Vercruysse, I; Wynant, P, 1994)	0.71
"The pharmacokinetic studies of propranolol following the application of the propercuten transdermal therapeutic system were performed in conscious rabbits previously assigned to 3 groups."	( [The pharmacokinetics of propranolol when used with the propercuten transdermal therapeutic system (experimental data)]. Belolipetskaia, VG; Chichenkov, ON; Fel'dshteĭn, MM; Metelitsa, VI; Piotrovskiĭ, VK; Shorr, VA; Vasil'ev, AE, )	0.72
"A comprehensive study was undertaken to examine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of propranolol and nifedipine in 11 patients with stable angina of effort who were treated for a long time."	( [The pharmacokinetic interaction of propranolol and nifedipine in patients with angina of effort]. Belolipetskaia, VG; Kokurina, EV; Kukushkin, SK; Metelitsa, VI; Piotrovskiĭ, VK; Rumiantsev, DO, )	0.62
" The peak concentration of propranolol in plasma was 10."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol used for suppressing tachycardia in hyperthyroidism. Masuda, H; Miyake, F; Motohashi, F; Murayama, M; Musha, H; Sugai, J; Takada, H, 1994)	0.91
"We have studied the pharmacodynamic effects of ramipril, propranolol, and their combination, as well as the effect of propranolol on the pharmacokinetics of ramipril in 12 healthy men (age 24 (SD 6) y, weight 72 (7) kg)."	( The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of ramipril with propranolol. Cohen, AF; Frölich, M; Schoemaker, HC; Seibert-Grafe, M; van Griensven, JM, 1993)	0.77
" Systemic exposure is limited because of extensive sequestration by the liver and/or first-pass metabolism, a plasma half-life of approximately 30 min, no circulating active metabolites, and no accumulation of drug during chronic dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and specific drug interactions. Hwang, DS; Jokubaitis, LA; Robinson, WT; Smith, HT; Troendle, AJ, 1993)	0.29
" There were similar time-variant changes in Cmax and tmax for 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid."	( The effect of age on diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in hypertensive subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Shiga, T; Tateishi, T, 1993)	0.76
" No significant difference was observed in the elimination half-life between the two trials."	( Differences of chronopharmacokinetic profiles between propranolol and atenolol in hypertensive subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Shiga, T; Tateishi, T, 1993)	0.53
" Charcoal treatment significantly reduced the half-life of elimination (16."	( Effect of oral activated charcoal on propranolol pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration to rabbits. al-Angary, AA; al-Dardiri, MM; al-Meshal, MA; el-Sayed, YM, 1993)	0.56
" Different pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the plasma concentration-time profiles using a model-independent computer programme, RAMKIN."	( In vitro and in vivo studies on slow release propranolol hydrochloride suppositories. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Diwan, PV; Krishna, DR; Sastri, MS; Satyanarayana, NV, 1993)	0.55
" With coadministration, the maximum peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC tau) of propranolol decreased 29% and 14%, respectively; Cmax and AUC tau of 4-hydroxy-propranolol decreased 15% and 21%, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation during coadministration of nefazodone and propranolol in healthy men. Fulmor, IE; Lee, JS; Marathe, PH; Raymond, RH; Salazar, DE; Uderman, HD, 1995)	0.71
" Plasma Pro levels were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detector and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using the MCPKP program."	( Sex differences in pharmacokinetics of oral propranolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, X; Xie, HG, 1995)	0.55
" No statistical differences were detected in the experimental propranolol pharmacokinetic parameters (maximal concentration, time of maximal concentration, terminal half-life, area under the curve, and protein binding) or derived pharmacokinetic parameters (intrinsic clearance, bioavailability, clearance, and volume of distribution)."	( The lack of effect of aerobic exercise training on propranolol pharmacokinetics in young and elderly adults. Cediel, M; Derendorf, H; Garzarella, L; Graves, JE; Guillen, GJ; Krumerman, J; Panton, LB; Pollock, ML; Vivas, C; Williams, L, 1995)	0.78
"We determined the haemodynamic, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic effects, and the pharmacokinetic properties of 4'-hydroxypropranolol (4'-OHP) by conducting three different experiments in dogs."	( Haemodynamic, electrocardiographic, electrophysiologic and pharmacokinetic activity of 4'-hydroxypropranolol in dogs. Muir, WW; Sams, RA; Schall, SF, 1996)	0.72
"3 mg/kg) pharmacokinetic parameters was studied in rabbits."	( The influence of selected general anesthetics on pharmacokinetic parameters of some antiarrhythmic drugs in rabbits. Part III. Propranolol. Orszulak-Michalak, D, )	0.34
"To examine the pharmacokinetic profile of propranolol in cats before and during experimentally induced hyperthyroidism."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy cats during euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. Calvert, C; Ferguson, D; Jacobs, G; Sams, R; Whittem, T, 1997)	0.88
"The pharmacokinetic data for the three drugs were qualitatively similar."	( Pharmacokinetics of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in obese and normal volunteers. Carrupt, PA; Cheymol, G; Levron, JC; Poirier, JM; Snoeck, E; Testa, B; Weissenburger, J, 1997)	0.3
" The Finapres measures the peripheral pressure using the volume clamp principle; it has not been validated under altered physiological conditions and during pharmacodynamic interventions."	( Reliability of blood pressure determination with the Finapres with altered physiological states or pharmacodynamic conditions. Farrell, S; McAuley, D; Silke, B, 1997)	0.3
" Apparent oral clearance and elimination half-life of propranolol were not different between EMs and PMs."	( Impact of CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype on propranolol pharmacokinetics and response. Burlew, BS; Sowinski, KM, )	0.64
" Multiple blood samples were collected for up to 12 hours on the fourth day to characterize the steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of each enantiomer."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of propranolol enantiomers in healthy male volunteers. Bowles, SK; Paradiso-Hardy, FL; Walker, SE, 1998)	0.58
" No stereoselective pharmacokinetic differences were observed between total (bound and unbound) and unbound (R)- and (S)-propranolol."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of propranolol enantiomers in healthy male volunteers. Bowles, SK; Paradiso-Hardy, FL; Walker, SE, 1998)	0.79
"Stereoselective steady-state pharmacokinetic differences in AUC(0-720) were observed between (R)- and (S)-propranolol."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of propranolol enantiomers in healthy male volunteers. Bowles, SK; Paradiso-Hardy, FL; Walker, SE, 1998)	0.79
"In support of clinical antianginal studies, the vasodilator nicorandil (NIC) was combined with the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists propranolol (PRO) and atenolol (ATN) and with the calcium channel blocker diltiazem (DTZ) to determine their cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic interactions between nicorandil and adjunctive propranolol, atenolol or diltiazem in conscious dogs. Humphrey, SJ, 1998)	0.73
"The lipophilic beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol has been studied to define its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics in hyperlipidemic patients."	( Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol in hyperlipidemia. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kutrzeba, J; Sterna, Z; Sulzyc-Bielicka, V; Wójcicki, J, 1999)	0.81
"Several statistical regression models and artificial neural networks were used to predict the hepatic drug clearance in humans from in vitro (hepatocyte) and in vivo pharmacokinetic data and to identify the most predictive models for this purpose."	( Combining in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic data for prediction of hepatic drug clearance in humans by artificial neural networks and multivariate statistical techniques. Coassolo, P; Lavé, T; Schneider, G, 1999)	0.3
" The recirculatory pharmacokinetic model incorporates data from both the initial transient oscillations and the later post-mixing portions of the blood indocyanine green concentration versus time curves to characterize not only blood volume and cardiac output but also their distribution among a central blood volume and fast and slow peripheral volumes in lumped parallel circuits."	( Indocyanine green kinetics characterize blood volume and flow distribution and their alteration by propranolol. Avram, MJ; Enders-Klein, C; Henthorn, TK; Krejcie, TC; Niemann, CU; Shanks, CA, 2000)	0.52
" Propranolol and atenolol, as representatives of lipophilic and hydrophilic beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, have been studied in order to define their pharmacokinetic characteristics in patients after partial gastrectomy."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and atenolol in patients after partial gastric resection: a comparative study. Drozdzik, M; Gawronska-Szklarz, B; Kostyrka, R; Kozlowski, K; Pawlik, A; Sterna, R; Wójcicki, J; Wójcicki, M; Wojciechowski, G, 2000)	1.54
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol and atenolol were calculated using a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and atenolol in patients after partial gastric resection: a comparative study. Drozdzik, M; Gawronska-Szklarz, B; Kostyrka, R; Kozlowski, K; Pawlik, A; Sterna, R; Wójcicki, J; Wójcicki, M; Wojciechowski, G, 2000)	0.92
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol were different in subjects submitted to surgery compared with healthy persons."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and atenolol in patients after partial gastric resection: a comparative study. Drozdzik, M; Gawronska-Szklarz, B; Kostyrka, R; Kozlowski, K; Pawlik, A; Sterna, R; Wójcicki, J; Wójcicki, M; Wojciechowski, G, 2000)	0.92
" The biologic half-life (T1/2) of PPL obeys the allometric equation in some animal species including rats and horses, except for human."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and its metabolites in horses after intravenous or oral administration. Aramaki, S; Koizumi, T; Mori, M; Nakata, M; Shinohara, A, 2000)	0.63
" Treatment effects on pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA)."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the antimigraine compound, almotriptan, and propranolol in healthy volunteers. Azie, NE; Carel, BJ; Fleishaker, JC; Sisson, TA, 2001)	0.53
" The present studies investigated the potential for pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction between beta-adrenoceptor blockers and rizatriptan."	( Influence of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of rizatriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D agonist: differential effects of propranolol, nadolol and metoprolol. De Smet, M; Goldberg, MR; Halpin, R; James, I; Kari, PH; Lee, Y; Lowry, R; Olah, TV; Sciberras, D; Tomasko, L; Vyas, KP; Zhao, J, 2001)	0.52
"5 days) increased the AUC(0, infinity) for rizatriptan by approximately 67% and the Cmax by approximately 75%."	( Influence of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of rizatriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D agonist: differential effects of propranolol, nadolol and metoprolol. De Smet, M; Goldberg, MR; Halpin, R; James, I; Kari, PH; Lee, Y; Lowry, R; Olah, TV; Sciberras, D; Tomasko, L; Vyas, KP; Zhao, J, 2001)	0.52
" As a class, the beta blockers are quite diverse from a pharmacokinetic perspective, as they display a high range of values in plasma protein binding, percent of drug eliminated by metabolism or unchanged in the urine, and in hepatic extraction ratio."	( Stereospecific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta-adrenergic blockers in humans. Brocks, DR; Mehvar, R, )	0.13
" This simple and sensitive assay method was feasibly applied to the pharmacokinetic study of propranolol after intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg of propranolol to normal and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhotic rats."	( Determination of propranolol concentration in small volume of rat plasma by HPLC with fluorometric detection. Hong, JH; Kang, JS; Kim, HK; Lee, MH; Park, MS, 2001)	0.87
" These data about new drug candidates could be integrated/connected in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to estimate a priori the overall plasma and tissue kinetic behaviors under in vivo conditions."	( Prediction of pharmacokinetics prior to in vivo studies. II. Generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of drug disposition. Poulin, P; Theil, FP, 2002)	0.31
"This study was designed to determine the relationship of propranolol pharmacokinetic parameters with portosystemic shunt in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats."	( [Relationship of propranolol pharmacokinetic parameters with portosystemic shunt in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats]. Choi, HS; Choi, YY; Hahm, JS; Kang, JS; Kim, DU; Kim, JB; Kim, JM; Koh, DH; Lee, MH; Lee, SH; Park, GT; Yun, YS, 2002)	0.9
" Pharmacokinetic parameters such as C0, AUC, t1/2(beta), and CLp were determined in each group."	( [Relationship of propranolol pharmacokinetic parameters with portosystemic shunt in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats]. Choi, HS; Choi, YY; Hahm, JS; Kang, JS; Kim, DU; Kim, JB; Kim, JM; Koh, DH; Lee, MH; Lee, SH; Park, GT; Yun, YS, 2002)	0.65
"The lipophilic beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol and hydrophilic atenolol have been studied to define their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics in obese patients."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol and atenolol in normolipaemic and hyperlipidaemic obese subjects. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Jaroszynska, M; Pawlik, A; Sterna, R; Wójcicki, J, 2003)	0.83
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs were calculated using a noncompartmental open model."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of propranolol and atenolol in primary hyperlipidemia. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Sterna, R; Sulzyc-Bielicka, V; Telatyńska, B; Wójcicki, J, )	0.41
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to the noncompartmental open model."	( [Pharmacokinetic comparison of propranolol and atenolol in people with primary hypertension]. Telatyńska-Smieszek, B, 2002)	0.6
" A comparison is also presented between several methods based on animal pharmacokinetic data, using the same set of proprietary compounds, and it lends further support for the use of this method, as opposed to methods that require the gathering of pharmacokinetic data in laboratory animals."	( Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics. Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY, 2004)	0.32
" In the light of the results obtained, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) hyperlipidemia affects pharmacodynamic properties of lipophilic propranolol and hydrophilic atenolol, 2) a modification of the drug dosage in hyperlipidemia is warranted."	( [Effect of hyperlipidemia on pharmacodynamics of propranolol and atenolol]. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Sterna, R; Sulzyc-Bielicka, V; Telatyńska-Smieszek, B; Wójcicki, J, 2004)	0.78
"The chimpanzee (CHP) was evaluated as a pharmacokinetic model for humans (HUMs) using propranolol, verapamil, theophylline, and 12 proprietary compounds."	( The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) as a pharmacokinetic model for selection of drug candidates: model characterization and application. Bai, SA; Christ, DD; Diamond, S; Grace, JE; Grossman, SJ; He, K; Qian, M; Wong, H; Wright, MR; Yeleswaram, K, 2004)	0.55
" In vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro metabolic studies were conducted using metoprolol and propranolol, which show substantial and marginal polymorphisms in humans, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of metoprolol and propranolol in the female DA and female Wistar rat: the female DA rat is not always an animal model for poor metabolizers of CYP2D6. Iwaki, M; Komura, H, 2005)	0.8
"Human pharmacokinetic parameters are often predicted prior to clinical study from in vivo preclinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure. Jolivette, LJ; Ward, KW, 2005)	0.33
" Kinetic parameters were derived from a two-phase physiologically based organ pharmacokinetic model."	( Hepatic pharmacokinetics of propranolol in rats with adjuvant-induced systemic inflammation. Chang, P; Crawford, DH; Fletcher, L; Hung, DY; Roberts, MS; Siebert, GA; Whitehouse, MW, 2006)	0.63
" In vitro kinetics and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles after oral administration of timolol, metoprolol, and propranolol, were investigated in rats using the depletion assay."	( Application of substrate depletion assay for early prediction of nonlinear pharmacokinetics in drug discovery: assessment of nonlinearity of metoprolol, timolol, and propranolol. Iwaki, M; Kawase, A; Komura, H, 2005)	0.74
" Using the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model incorporating the obtained metabolic parameters, the plasma kinetics of propranolol was well correlated with reported values, and then used to analyze the effect of hepatic first-pass metabolism on propranolol plasma pharmacokinetics in clinical doses."	( Analysis of hepatic metabolism affecting pharmacokinetics of propranolol in humans. Honbo, A; Iga, K; Kiriyama, A, 2008)	0.79
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Comparative pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies with four beta blockers were performed in conscious rats, using heart rate under isoprenaline-induced tachycardia as a pharmacodynamic endpoint."	( Influence of plasma protein binding on pharmacodynamics: Estimation of in vivo receptor affinities of beta blockers using a new mechanism-based PK-PD modelling approach. Boralli, VB; Danhof, M; de Lange, EC; Freijer, J; Krekels, EH; Slijkerman, P; van Steeg, TJ, 2009)	0.35
"African green monkeys (vervets) have been proposed as an alternate species that might allow improved access and provide high-quality pharmacokinetic results comparable with other primates."	( Exploration of the African green monkey as a preclinical pharmacokinetic model: oral pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-drug interactions. Bhadresa, S; Coon, DJ; Lawrence, MS; Magiera, D; Struharik, M; Ward, KW, 2009)	0.35
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using previously developed barrier-limited and space-distributed models."	( Liver fibrosis impairs hepatic pharmacokinetics of liver transplant drugs in the rat model. Asadian, P; Crawford, DH; Fletcher, LM; Khlentzos, AM; Li, P; Liu, X; Roberts, MS; Robertson, TA; Thorling, CA; Zou, YH, 2010)	0.36
" Studies were undertaken using an in situ-perfused rat liver and multiple indicator dilution, and outflow data were analyzed with a physiologically based organ pharmacokinetic model."	( Hepatic pharmacokinetics of cationic drugs in a high-fat emulsion-induced rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Crawford, DH; Fletcher, LM; Li, P; Roberts, MS; Robertson, TA; Thorling, CA; Zhang, Q, 2011)	0.37
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rectal ozone on portal vein oxygenation and the pharmacokinetic changes of propranolol in patients with liver cirrhosis."	( The effect of rectal ozone on the portal vein oxygenation and pharmacokinetics of propranolol in liver cirrhosis (a preliminary human study). Fouad, EA; Kotb, HI; Zaky, S, 2011)	0.8
" There was a decrease in the elimination half-life and mean residence time."	( The effect of rectal ozone on the portal vein oxygenation and pharmacokinetics of propranolol in liver cirrhosis (a preliminary human study). Fouad, EA; Kotb, HI; Zaky, S, 2011)	0.59
" Pharmacodynamic data deal with questions such as "Does a patient respond to a particular drug dose or not," or "Does a drug cause the same effects at the same time in the same subject or not."	( Fuzzy modeling, a novel approach to studying pharmacodynamics. Cleophas, EP; Cleophas, TJ, )	0.13
" Other potential applications include the generation of pharmacokinetic profiles from the reduced sample volumes obtained from serially bled small rodent studies, or the facilitation of analysis of limited-volume samples from neurological studies."	( Addressing the challenge of limited sample volumes in in vitro studies with capillary-scale microfluidic LC-MS/MS. Nicholson, JK; Plumb, RS; Rainville, PD; Smith, NW; Wilson, ID, 2011)	0.37
" Despite high metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed poor mice exposure; therefore, a second phase of optimization was required."	( Ethionamide boosters. 2. Combining bioisosteric replacement and structure-based drug design to solve pharmacokinetic issues in a series of potent 1,2,4-oxadiazole EthR inhibitors. Baulard, AR; Blondiaux, N; Brodin, P; Christophe, T; Déprez, B; Desroses, M; Flament, MP; Flipo, M; Jeon, HK; Lecat-Guillet, N; Leroux, F; Locht, C; Mathys, V; Piveteau, C; Siepmann, J; Soror, SH; Villemagne, B; Villeret, V; Willand, N; Wintjens, R; Wohlkönig, A, 2012)	0.38
" Hepatic pharmacokinetic modelling was performed with a two-phase physiologically-based organ pharmacokinetic model with the vascular space and dispersion evaluated with the MID technique."	( Hepatocellular necrosis, fibrosis and microsomal activity determine the hepatic pharmacokinetics of basic drugs in right-heart-failure-induced liver damage. Crawford, DH; Fletcher, LM; Li, P; Roberts, MS; Robertson, TA; Weiss, M; Zhang, Q, 2012)	0.38
" Hepatic pharmacokinetic analysis showed that both the CL int and PS were significantly decreased in the RHF rat livers."	( Hepatocellular necrosis, fibrosis and microsomal activity determine the hepatic pharmacokinetics of basic drugs in right-heart-failure-induced liver damage. Crawford, DH; Fletcher, LM; Li, P; Roberts, MS; Robertson, TA; Weiss, M; Zhang, Q, 2012)	0.38
"This review aims to analyze pharmacokinetic profile, plasma level variations so as the metabolism, interactions and possible relation to clinical effect of several drugs which are used primarily as anxiolytics."	( Understanding the pharmacokinetics of anxiolytic drugs. Altamura, AC; Bareggi, S; Maffini, M; Mauri, MC; Moliterno, D; Paletta, S, 2013)	0.39
"There is a need for a more balanced assessment of the benefits and risks associated with benzodiazepine use, particularly considering pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs to ensure that patients, who would truly benefit from these agents, are not denied appropriate treatment."	( Understanding the pharmacokinetics of anxiolytic drugs. Altamura, AC; Bareggi, S; Maffini, M; Mauri, MC; Moliterno, D; Paletta, S, 2013)	0.39
" The main objectives of this study were to (1) compare the plasma propranolol concentrations (Cp-prop) following sublingual administration of a specially buffered formulation (Promptol™) to that following oral administration of Inderal(®) and (2) evaluate the utility of a special pharmacokinetic model in describing the Cp-prop following sublingual administration."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of buffered propranolol sublingual tablet (Promptol™)-application of a new "physiologically based" model to assess absorption and disposition. Bolger, MB; Chow, MS; Lee, BT; Tomlinson, B; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zuo, Z, 2013)	0.9
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes depend on the nature and degree of hepatic impairment and on the characteristics of the dosed drug."	( [Effect of liver cirrhosis on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs]. Perlík, F, 2013)	0.39
"The aim of this study was to present a deductive compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model to predict the concentration profiles of drugs in plasma and peritoneal fluid in peritoneal dialysis (PD) rats."	( Effects of peritoneal dialysis on pharmacotherapy: a deductive pharmacokinetic-model approach to predict drug concentration profiles in plasma and peritoneal fluid. Aiba, T; Horiuchi, M; Kurosaki, Y; Moriyama, S; Takahata, Y, 2014)	0.4
"The main pharmacokinetic area under concentration-time curve (AUC), mean retention time (MRT), half-life (t1/2) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of propranolol were increased by 442."	( [Effect of acute exposure to high altitude on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol]. Hao, Y; Jia, Z; Li, W; Wang, R; Wang, Y; Xie, H; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.82
" Simulations of carbamazepine dosing regimen based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of this patient were performed to allow individualization of drug therapy."	( Slow carbamazepine clearance in a nonadherent Malay woman with epilepsy and thyrotoxicosis. Hui-Ping Khor, A; Lim, KS; Lo, YL; Ng, CC; Yeap, LL, 2014)	0.4
"8-fold increase in volume of distribution and a 3-fold increase in the elimination half-life (mean ± SEM: 641±100 vs."	( A study of the relationship between serum bile acids and propranolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls. Beuers, U; Buylaert, M; Drewe, J; Haschke, M; Krähenbühl, S; Taegtmeyer, AB; Tchambaz, L; Tschöpl, M, 2014)	0.65
" Compared with the rats exposed to normal altitude, the rats with acute exposure to high altitude showed significant alterations in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs, shown by increased Cmax and AUC, prolonged t1/2 and MRT, and lowered Clz/F of propranolol, and by increased Tmax and prolonged t1/2 and MRT of metoprolol without obvious changes of the parameters of the compartmental model."	( [Effect of acute exposure to high altitude on pharmacokinetics of propranolol and metoprolol in rats]. Jia, Z; Li, W; Wang, R; Xie, H; Yin, Q; Zhang, J, 2014)	0.82
" These results were confirmed by an in vivo pharmacokinetic study of oral administered fexofenadine (10mg/kg) in rats."	( Effect of diosmin on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine in rats. Bedada, SK; Neerati, P, 2015)	0.42
" Though P-gp-mediated efflux may contribute to the limited brain penetration of etamicastat, the low permeability along with the pharmacokinetic properties of etamicastat may be perceived as the main contributors for its peripheral selectivity, which is advantageous for a cardiovascular drug candidate."	( Role of P-glycoprotein and permeability upon the brain distribution and pharmacodynamics of etamicastat: a comparison with nepicastat. Bonifácio, MJ; Fernandes-Lopes, C; Igreja, B; Loureiro, AI; Pires, N; Soares-da-Silva, P; Wright, LC, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacodynamic evaluations included maximum change from baseline in time-matched hourly average heart rate (Emax HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (Emax MABP) over 24 hours postdose, change from baseline in PR intervals, cardiac rhythm, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of siponimod (BAF312) and propranolol in healthy subjects. Biswal, S; Legangneux, E; Marbury, TC; Pal, P; Perry, R; Polus, F; Veldandi, UK, 2015)	0.65
" The pharmacokinetic parameters for topiramate, diltiazem (and active metabolites, desacetyldiltiazem [DEA], N-demethyl diltiazem [DEM]), hydrochlorothiazide, and propranolol (and its active metabolite) were assessed at steady state."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between topiramate and diltiazem, hydrochlorothiazide, or propranolol. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, D; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2014)	0.82
" A comprehensive and systematic review of the literature for the summarization of pharmacokinetic parameters would be effective to explore the new safe uses of propranolol in different scenarios, without exposing humans and using virtual-human modeling approaches."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review. Ahmed, N; Kalam, MN; Rasool, MF; Rehman, AU, 2020)	1.05
"Clinical pharmacokinetic studies on propranolol were screened using Medline and Google Scholar databases."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review. Ahmed, N; Kalam, MN; Rasool, MF; Rehman, AU, 2020)	1.12
" Propranolol is a substrate of CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, retaining potential pharmacokinetic interactions with co-administered drugs."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review. Ahmed, N; Kalam, MN; Rasool, MF; Rehman, AU, 2020)	1.76
"Physiochemical and pooled pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol are beneficial to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling among the diseased population."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review. Ahmed, N; Kalam, MN; Rasool, MF; Rehman, AU, 2020)	1.1
"In traditional pharmacokinetic models, blood flow or liquid transit is often expressed as first-order kinetics."	( Preliminary Flow Modeling by Hybrid Automata Alternating Continuous Reaction and Discrete Transit for Pharmacokinetics. Koyama, S, 2021)	0.62
" A publication reported a patient treated with HDI with plasma insulin concentrations >1000 µU/mL and elimination half-life 10-18 h requiring intravenous glucose replacement for >5 days."	( Variability in insulin pharmacokinetics following high-dose insulin therapy. Haber, PS; Hughes, HK; Jones, GRD; Roberts, DM, 2022)	0.72
" This pharmacokinetic variability impacts on the severity and duration of treatable hypoglycemia post-HDI."	( Variability in insulin pharmacokinetics following high-dose insulin therapy. Haber, PS; Hughes, HK; Jones, GRD; Roberts, DM, 2022)	0.72
" Here, we investigated the roles of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2d on DLX pharmacokinetic profile and tissue distribution using a Cyp1a2 knockout (Cyp1a2-KO) mouse model together with a Cyp2d inhibitor (propranolol)."	( The roles of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2d in pharmacokinetic profiles of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine and its metabolites in mice. Barzi, M; Bissig, KD; Boyd, SR; Hakenjos, JM; Li, F; MacKenzie, KR; Qin, X; Xie, C; Young, DW, 2023)	1.1
" Previous research in other lipophilic drugs shows a trend to increase the volume of distribution and half-life in obese compared to ideal weight individuals."	( A comparative evaluation of propranolol pharmacokinetics in obese versus ideal weight individuals: A blueprint towards a personalised medicine. Bertoldi, A; De Rubis, G; Dua, K; El Mekkawi, Z; Ho, A; Kakuzada, L; Mortlock, R; Nesci, I; Pont, L; Smith, V; Williams, K, 2023)	1.2
"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is developed that focuses on the kinetic parameters of drug association and dissociation with albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), and brain tissue proteins, as well as drug permeability at the blood-brain barrier, drug metabolism, and brain blood flow."	( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Brain Delivery of Plasma Protein Bound Drugs. Pardridge, WM, 2023)	0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

Niludipine, either alone or combined with propranolol and penfluzide, is effective in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. This study demonstrates that autonomic nervous system dysfunction occurs and is responsible for the elevated BMR in elderly cancer patients.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" They received in random order: placebo; tienilic acid 250 mg/day; propranolol 80 mg twice daily; and tienilic acid 250 mg/day combined with propranolol 80 mg twice daily."	( Biochemical and haematological changes induced by tienilic acid combined with propranolol in essential hypertension. Bulpitt, CJ; Havard, CW; Pearson, RM, 1979)	0.72
"The effect of long-term treatment of hypertension with propranolol, alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide and/or dihydralazine, was investigated in 93 patients with various types of hypertension."	( [Long-term treatment of arterial hypertension with propranolol. Combination with diuretics and dihydrazinophthalazine]. Ambrosio, G; Corgnati, A; Dal Palù, C; Palatini, P; Pessina, AC, 1978)	0.76
" It is concluded that the doses employed both of propranolol and practolol had a good and approximately equal antihypertensive effect when combined with chlorthalidone treatment."	( Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol and practolol combined with chlorthalidone. Boer, P; Geyskes, GG; Mees, EJ; Stutterheim, A, 1975)	0.77
" The results support the concept that increased autonomic activity in combination with acute arterial hypoxia and hypercapnea contribute significantly to the exhibition of serious cardiac rhythm disturbances."	( Effects of hypercapnea and of hypercapnea in combination with hypoxia on midbrain-induced cardiac dysrhythmias. Clendenin, MA; Forbes, JE; Mauck, HP; Newton, RA; szumski, AJ, 1976)	0.26
"A novel method for detecting and quantitating pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions is described."	( New method for detecting and quantitating pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions applied to ethanol-propranolol. Lin, YJ; Wagner, JG; Weidler, DJ, 1976)	0.47
" Half of the patients (n = 6) were randomized to a treatment group receiving intravenous infusion of propranolol in combination with the meal."	( Effect on hemodynamics of a liquid meal alone and in combination with propranolol in cirrhosis. Bendtsen, F; Henriksen, JH; Simonsen, L, 1992)	0.73
" These results indicate that SD-3211 is an antihypertensive agent with long-lasting action and little effect on heart rate and atrioventricular conduction and, when administered alone or in combination with propranolol, may be useful in the treatment of hypertension."	( SD-3211, a novel benzothiazine calcium antagonist, alone and in combination with a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, produces antihypertensive effects without affecting heart rate and atrioventricular conduction in conscious renal hypertensive dogs. Kageyama, M; Miyawaki, N; Nishimura, K; Takada, T; Yamauchi, H, 1991)	0.47
" Omeprazole contains a benzimidazole moiety and thus has the potential to interact with the cytochrome P-450 enzyme group."	( Clinical implications of drug interactions with the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system associated with omeprazole. Humphries, TJ, 1991)	0.28
" After a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period, patients received indapamide either alone (group I) or in combination with the previous therapy (groups II and III) for 4 months."	( Clinical efficacy and quality of life with indapamide alone or in combination with beta blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Athanassiadis, DI; Boutin, B; Cokkinos, DF; Dimopoulos, CG; Guez, D; Tourkantonis, AA; Toutouzas, PK; Tsakiris, AK, 1990)	0.28
" Both propranolol alone (20-80 mg) and in combination with dilazep (50 mg) three times a day produced a significant reduction in anginal attacks, consumption of nitroglycerin tablets and increased exercise tolerance."	( Controlled clinical trial of propranolol alone and in combination with dilazep in patients with angina pectoris. Biswas, NR; Pandhi, P; Sharma, PL; Wahi, PL, 1990)	1.05
"5 mmol/liter per kg body weight intravenously) combined with stimulation of bilateral ansae subclaviae in anesthetized dogs were examined."	( Prostaglandin modulation of early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by cesium chloride combined with efferent cardiac sympathetic stimulation in dogs. Miyazaki, T; Pride, HP; Zipes, DP, 1990)	0.28
"We studied exercise training combined with the use of antihypertensive drugs and examined the following questions."	( Exercise training combined with antihypertensive drug therapy. Effects on lipids, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass. Effron, MB; Kelemen, MH; Stewart, KJ; Valenti, SA, )	0.13
"9% NaCl solution; vehicle) was given, alone and in combination with lidocaine (L), to groups of six pentobarbital (32."	( Effects of metoprolol, alone and in combination with lidocaine, on ventricular fibrillation threshold: comparison with atenolol, propranolol, and pindolol. Beil, ME; Cabot, CF; Coram, WM; Olson, RW; Weiss, GB, 1987)	0.48
"6 years (WHO II-III)] with severe hypertension and not responding to previous drug treatment were included in the study to evaluate the effect of nitrendipine (NTP) as monotherapy and also in combination with propranolol (PRO)."	( Nitrendipine treatment in so-called therapy-resistant arterial hypertension; effect as monotherapy and in combination with propranolol on blood pressure, heart rate, other hemodynamic parameters, plasma renin activity, and catecholamines. Faulhaber, HD; Gruner, R; Hartrodt, W; Homuth, V; Menz, M; Mohnike, W; Naumann, E; Schmidt, J, 1988)	0.67
"In an open, crossover study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of lisinopril and enalapril, administered alone and in combination with propranolol, were evaluated in 12 volunteers."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lisinopril and enalapril, alone and in combination with propranolol. Bendtsen, F; Henriksen, JH, 1989)	0.69
"In 18 patients (17 male and 1 female, 40 to 63 years old) with coronary heart disease, a randomized double-blind study was carried out to investigate in comparison to placebo, the antiischemic effects of 5, 10 and 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) alone and in combination with gallopamil (G: 25 and 50 mg) or 80 mg propranolol (P: 80 mg) on the ischemic ST-segment-depression in standardized exercise ECGs."	( [The anti-ischemic effect of isosorbide dinitrate alone and in combination with gallopamil and propranolol]. Hopf, R; Kaltenbach, M; Sthler-Klich, HM, 1989)	0.67
"Examination included 70 patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with arterial hypertension of different origin (II stage essential hypertension and symptomatic renal arterial hypertension)."	( [Use of crystepin in combination with obsidan in patients with diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension]. Leviashvili, BI, 1989)	0.28
" However, when propranolol was combined with the lower levels of verapamil or diltiazem, the result was decreased heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular maximum rate of tension development (dP/dt), and cardiac index with increased systemic vascular resistance."	( The cardiovascular and adrenergic actions of verapamil or diltiazem in combination with propranolol during halothane anesthesia in the dog. Fung, DM; Kapur, PA; Matarazzo, DA; Sullivan, KB, 1987)	0.85
"Quinidine combined with propranolol produces antiarrhythmic synergism."	( Comparative antiarrhythmic activity of quinidine combined with propranolol and with sotalol. Lawson, JW; Wojciechowski, NJ, 1981)	0.81
"Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions which involve currently available benzodiazepines may be classified into two major categories: interactions which affect benzodiazepine rate of absorption, and interactions which affect clearance and, therefore, elimination half-life."	( Benzodiazepine drug-drug interactions commonly occurring in clinical practice. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR; Shader, RI, 1984)	0.27
"Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions which involve currently available benzodiazepines may be classified into 2 major categories: interactions which affect benzodiazepine rate of absorption, and interactions which affect clearance and, therefore, elimination 1/2-life."	( Benzodiazepine drug-drug interactions commonly occurring in clinical practice. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR; Shader, RI, 1984)	0.27
"Experiments were carried out to study the effect of sydnocarb 3-(beta-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoyl-sydnonimine), a stimulant of mental and physical performance, and its combination with obsidan, a beta-adrenoblocking agent, on the central and peripheral hemodynamics during a head-up test (+75 degrees) after a 6-hour head-down tilt (-15 degrees)."	( [Posture-related changes in hemodynamics in humans after administration of sidnocarb and its combination with obsidan]. Degterenkova, NV; Gornago, VA; Modin, AIu; Shashkov, BS; Sokolov, VI, )	0.13
" No changes in urinary excretion of free cortisol and 17-OHCS during exercise combined with propranolol infusion as compared to that during exercise alone were observed."	( Adenopituitary hormone response to exercise combined with propranolol infusion in man. Jezová, D; Jurcovicová, J; Klimes, I; Vigas, M, 1983)	0.73
"Propranolol is widely used in clinical practice and is frequently administered along with other drugs."	( Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with propranolol. Feely, J; Wood, AJ, )	1.84
"This study determines, with quantitative variables, if propranolol is detrimental in patients with documented coronary arterial spasm and if this drug can be used in combination with calcium antagonists."	( Detrimental effect of propranolol in patients with coronary arterial spasm countered by combination with diltiazem. Bertrand, ME; Dupuis, BA; Lablanche, JM; Thieuleux, FA; Tilmant, PY, 1983)	0.83
"Twelve patients with variant angina combined with angina of effort were examined."	( [Comparative study of the effectiveness of korinfar, izoptin and obzidan in patients with variant stenocardia combined with effort stenocardia]. Borisova, GA; Peres Peres, A; Shevchenko, OP; Sidorenko, BA, 1984)	0.27
" Sustained release propranolol 160 mg was given orally either alone or in combination with oral hydralazine 25 mg on separate occasions to six healthy volunteers."	( Stable oral availability of sustained release propranolol when co-administered with hydralazine or food: evidence implicating substrate delivery rate as a determinant of presystemic drug interactions. Byrne, AJ; Harrison, PM; Louis, W; McLean, AJ; McNeil, JJ; Tonkin, AM, 1984)	0.85
" The results indicate that niludipine, either alone or combined with propranolol and penfluzide, is effective in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension."	( Acute hypotensive, hemodynamic effects of long-term treatment with niludipine, a Ca2+-antagonist, in patients with essential hypertension. Niludipine monotherapy and combination with a beta-blocker and a diuretic). Aoki, K; Sato, K, 1982)	0.5
" In contrast, mannitol, isosorbide dinitrate, and propranolol, each combined with IABP support, produced significant improvements in collateral flow within the same time periods."	( Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation: its influence alone and combined with various pharmacological agents on regional myocardial blood flow during experimental acute coronary occlusion. Barnett, PA; Dengle, SK; Eberhart, RC; Jett, GK; Platt, MR; Watson, JT; Willerson, JT, 1981)	0.52
" We examined the efficacy and electrophysiology of 110 antiarrhythmic drug combination trials at electrophysiologic study in 74 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia."	( Antiarrhythmic drug combinations in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. Echt, DS; Griffin, JC; Keefe, DL; Mason, JW; Ross, DL; Swerdlow, CD; Sze, DY; Winkle, RA, 1982)	0.26
" Thus, the hemodynamic effects of nipradilol, a new beta-adrenergic antagonist combined with a nitroxy base, was studied in conscious and unrestrained rats in two models of portal hypertension."	( Hemodynamic effects of nipradilol, a new beta-adrenergic antagonist combined with a nitroxy base, in rats with intra- or extra-hepatic portal hypertension. Cailmail, S; Lebrec, D; Ohsuga, M, 1993)	0.29
" beta-Blockers may interact with a large number of commonly prescribed drugs, including antihypertensive and antianginal drugs, inotropic agents, anti-arrhythmics, NSAIDs, psychotropic drugs, anti-ulcer medications, anaesthetics, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, warfarin, oral hypoglycaemics and rifampicin (rifampin)."	( beta-blockers. Drug interactions of clinical significance. Blaufarb, I; Frishman, WH; Pfeifer, TM, 1995)	0.29
" Left ventricular function, systemic arterial blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) responses to TM alone and in combination with propranolol(P) or dobutamine HCl(DOB) were evaluated."	( Cardiovascular effects of the macrolide antibiotic tilmicosin, administered alone and in combination with propranolol or dobutamine, in conscious unrestrained dogs. Main, BW; Means, JR; Rinkema, LE; Sarazan, RD; Smith, WC, 1996)	0.71
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of amiodarone used alone or in combination with propranolol in infants and children affected by life-threatening or drug-resistant tachyarrhythmias."	( Amiodarone used alone or in combination with propranolol: a very effective therapy for tachyarrhythmias in infants and children. Di Liso, G; Drago, F; Guccione, P; Mafrici, A; Mazza, A; Ragonese, P, )	0.61
" This study demonstrates that autonomic nervous system dysfunction occurs and is responsible for the elevated BMR in elderly cancer patients, propranolol administration rectifies the autonomic dysfunction, and Intralipid infusion combined with propranolol administration is useful for enhancing the daily caloric intake without a strong increase in energy expenditure."	( Intralipid infusion combined with propranolol administration has favorable metabolic effects in elderly malnourished cancer patients. Gambardella, A; Paolisso, G; Pesce, L; Tagliamonte, MR; Tortoriello, R; Varricchio, M, 1999)	0.78
"The effects on plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and renin activity of the two long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, lisinopril and enalapril, alone and in combination with propranolol were studied."	( Effects on plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and circulating renin of lisinopril and enalapril alone and in combination with propranolol in healthy volunteers. Bendtsen, F; Hansen, EF; Henriksen, JH, 1999)	0.69
"To assess the efficacy of Ligustrazine in combination with propranolol in the prevention of recurrent esophageal varices bleeding following liver cirrhosis, and its act mechanism."	( [A randomized controlled study of ligustrazine in combination with propranolol for prevention of recurrent esophageal varices bleeding]. Chen, D; Li, X; Zou, J, 2000)	0.79
" Because of their anionic nature and large number of acid groups, they tend to interact with cationic substances, and with other hydrophilic polymers containing alcohol groups."	( Use of beta-cyclodextrins to prevent modifications of the properties of carbopol hydrogels due to carbopol-drug interactions. Blanco-Fuente, H; Blanco-Méndez, J; Esteban-Fernández, B; Otero-Espinar, FJ, 2002)	0.31
"The drug-drug interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs were studied in chick embryos."	( Drug-drug interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs in chick embryos. Kanke, M; Sugiyama, T; Tsuchimoto, K; Yoshiyama, Y, 2004)	0.32
"A technique using a fully automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) system (Symbiosis, Spark Holland) combined with liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been investigated for fast bioanalytical method development, method validation and sample analysis using both conventional C18 and monolithic columns."	( Development and application of a new on-line SPE system combined with LC-MS/MS detection for high throughput direct analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in plasma. Alnouti, Y; Bi, H; Gusev, AI; Kavetskaia, O; Srinivasan, K; Waddell, D, 2005)	0.33
"Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) in combination with univariate (Student's t-test) and multivariate data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to study the anti-inflammatory effects of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) agonist zilpaterol."	( In search of secreted protein biomarkers for the anti-inflammatory effect of beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists: application of DIGE technology in combination with multivariate and univariate data analysis tools. Bijlsma, S; Doornbos, RP; Gaspari, M; Rodenburg, RJ; van der Greef, J; Verhoeckx, KC; Witkamp, RF, )	0.13
" To assess drug-drug interactions, co-administration experiments were conducted with ketoconazole and either propranolol or erythromycin."	( Exploration of the African green monkey as a preclinical pharmacokinetic model: oral pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-drug interactions. Bhadresa, S; Coon, DJ; Lawrence, MS; Magiera, D; Struharik, M; Ward, KW, 2009)	0.57
"To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with western medicine for treatment of essential tremor."	( [Clinical observation on acupuncture combined with medication for treatment of essential tremor]. Li, X; Sui, KM, 2010)	0.36
"Acupuncture combined with oral administration of Propranolol has better therapeutic effect on essential tremor than that of oral administration of Propranolol only."	( [Clinical observation on acupuncture combined with medication for treatment of essential tremor]. Li, X; Sui, KM, 2010)	0.62
"Pharmacologic modulation of the perioperative physiologic stress response, using the beta-blocker propranolol, combined with the COX-2 inhibitor etodolac, has been shown to reduce metastatic spread and increase survival rates following surgery for primary tumor excision in rodents."	( Effect of beta blocker combined with COX-2 inhibitor on colonic anastomosis in rats. Barshack, I; Ben-Eliyahu, S; Benish, M; Benjamin, B; Hazut, O; Hoffman, A; Shaashua, L; Zmora, N; Zmora, O, 2010)	0.58
"2 mg/kg/day) combined with etodolac (12."	( Effect of beta blocker combined with COX-2 inhibitor on colonic anastomosis in rats. Barshack, I; Ben-Eliyahu, S; Benish, M; Benjamin, B; Hazut, O; Hoffman, A; Shaashua, L; Zmora, N; Zmora, O, 2010)	0.36
"Propranolol combined with radiation decreased cell viability and clonogenic survivability."	( Effects of propranolol in combination with radiation on apoptosis and survival of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Chaudhary, P; Che, X; Li, H; Liao, X; Long, H; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2010)	2.19
" Psyllium powder had the ability in the combination with other hydrophilic polymers to produce controlled release profiles."	( Release behaviour of propranolol HCl from hydrophilic matrix tablets containing psyllium powder in combination with hydrophilic polymers. Asare-Addo, K; Azizian, K; Hassanzadeh, D; Nokhodchi, A; Siahi-Shadbad, MR, 2011)	0.69
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
"In this study, electromembrane extraction (EME) combined with cyclodextrin (CD)-modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) was applied for the extraction, separation, and quantification of propranolol (PRO) enantiomers from biological samples."	( Electrically assisted liquid-phase microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for quantification of propranolol enantiomers in human body fluids. Fakhari, AR; Gharari Alibabaou, H; Shahsavani, A; Tabani, H, 2014)	0.8
"0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)), or prazosin in combination with propranolol (5 mg/kg (IP); Exp."	( Low-dose prazosin alone and in combination with propranolol or naltrexone: effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and self-administration in the P rat. Czachowski, CL; Verplaetse, TL, 2015)	0.91
" Prazosin in combination with propranolol or naltrexone was more effective than either drug alone and also reduced sucrose-reinforced behaviors."	( Low-dose prazosin alone and in combination with propranolol or naltrexone: effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and self-administration in the P rat. Czachowski, CL; Verplaetse, TL, 2015)	0.96
" Drug-drug interactions were examined via an isobolographic analysis."	( Propranolol combined with dopamine has a synergistic action in intensifying and prolonging cutaneous analgesia in rats. Chen, YW; Chiu, CC; Hung, CH; Wang, JJ; Wei, YL, 2015)	1.86
" Our study suggested that oral propranolol combined with topical timolol treatment is very effective and well-tolerated for compound IHs, which can be used as a first line treatment."	( Oral propranolol combined with topical timolol for compound infantile hemangiomas: a retrospective study. Ge, J; Yuan, W; Zhang, L; Zhao, H; Zheng, J, 2016)	1.23
"From October 2010 to June 2014, 31 infantile hemangioma patients admitted to our hospital, were administered propranolol combined with betamethasone injection treatment of lesions."	( Treatment of infantile hemangioma by intralesional injection of propranolol combined with compound betamethasone. Li, J; Shao, RZ; Zhao, DH, 2016)	0.89
"Treatment of infantile hemangioma lesions with an injection of propranolol combined with betamethasone showed good efficacy."	( Treatment of infantile hemangioma by intralesional injection of propranolol combined with compound betamethasone. Li, J; Shao, RZ; Zhao, DH, 2016)	0.91
" Drug-drug multicomponent adducts could help in combination of drugs at supramolecular level."	( Fast dissolving drug-drug eutectics with improved compressibility and synergistic effects. Chavan, R; Naidu, VGM; Shastri, NR; Thipparaboina, R; Thumuri, D, 2017)	0.46
" Simultaneously, we investigated the effect of drug-drug interactions by inhibiting the membrane transporter multidrug resistance 1 protein."	( A mass spectrometry imaging approach for investigating how drug-drug interactions influence drug blood-brain barrier permeability. Andrén, PE; Goodwin, RJA; Hamm, G; Källback, P; Karlgren, M; Nilsson, A; Pereira, M; Shariatgorji, M; Strittmatter, N; Svenningsson, P; Vallianatou, T, 2018)	0.48
" The aim of this study is to investigate the safety concerns regarding intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for IH and to study its effect on infant growth and development."	( Safety of intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas. Bi, J; Chai, Y; Huo, R; Li, X; Li, Z; Lv, R; Song, J; Xu, G; Zhou, Z, 2019)	0.51
" The treatment agreed during the interdisciplinary meeting involved chemotherapy combined with simultaneous blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors, followed by bilateral simple mastectomy."	( Primary bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with propranolol. Gorski, M; Hodorowicz-Zaniewska, D; Kargol, J; Luczynska, E; Popiela, TJ; Rudnicki, W; Szpor, J; Wysocki, PJ, 2021)	0.84
"78 months (range 2-28 months), and they all responded well to TAE combined with oral propranolol."	( Clinical evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with propranolol orally treatment of infantile hepatic hemangioma. Guo, L; Li, J; Song, D; Wang, L, 2022)	1.18
"TAE combined with propranolol is safe and effective for the treatment of IHH, demonstrating low complication rates."	( Clinical evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with propranolol orally treatment of infantile hepatic hemangioma. Guo, L; Li, J; Song, D; Wang, L, 2022)	1.29
"To analyze the therapeutic effect of oral propranolol combined with sclerotherapy of lauromacrogol and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of lip infantile hemangiomas (IHs)."	( A Retrospective Study of Lip Hemangiomas: Curative Effect of Oral Propranolol Combined with Topical Sclerotherapy. Huo, R; Ling, J; Yang, K; Zhang, D, 2022)	1.22
"Oral propranolol combined with local sclerotherapy is a safe and effective method for treating lip IH."	( A Retrospective Study of Lip Hemangiomas: Curative Effect of Oral Propranolol Combined with Topical Sclerotherapy. Huo, R; Ling, J; Yang, K; Zhang, D, 2022)	1.47
" Seventeen of the 55 patients who completed follow-ups were treated with propranolol combined with laser therapy."	( A study of 95 infantile hemangiomas treated with propranolol: A potentially efficacious combination with laser therapy. Amano, F; Aoi, J; Fukushima, S; Kajihara, I; Makino, K; Masuguchi, S; Nakayama, W; Nishimura, Y; Sawamura, S; Shimada, S; Yamada-Kanazawa, S, 2023)	1.4
" This study aimed to compare the effect of cinnarizine combination with propranolol and propranolol with placebo in preventing acute migraine attacks."	( Comparison of the Effect of Propranolol Combination with Cinnarizine and Propranolol in the Prevention of Acute Migraine Attacks. Adeeb Sheet, D; Bibani, RH; Kheder, AH, 2022)	1.25
" To evaluate the correlation of clinical features between cutaneous IH and IHH, as well as efficacy of systemic propranolol in the treatment of cutaneous IH combined with IHH."	( Clinical features of cutaneous infantile hemangioma combined with asymptomatic infantile hepatic hemangioma and efficacy of propranolol treatment. Han, X; Li, L; Ma, L; Sun, Y; Wei, L; Xu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, B, 2023)	1.33
"The clinical data of infants with complicated cutaneous IH combined with IHH treated with systemic propranolol (1."	( Clinical features of cutaneous infantile hemangioma combined with asymptomatic infantile hepatic hemangioma and efficacy of propranolol treatment. Han, X; Li, L; Ma, L; Sun, Y; Wei, L; Xu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, B, 2023)	1.33
"Forty-five cases with IHH combined with complicated cutaneous IH were reviewed."	( Clinical features of cutaneous infantile hemangioma combined with asymptomatic infantile hepatic hemangioma and efficacy of propranolol treatment. Han, X; Li, L; Ma, L; Sun, Y; Wei, L; Xu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, B, 2023)	1.12

Bioavailability

Pharmacokinetic studies of the optimised Terminalia catappa formulation and a commercial product (Ciplar LA 80) showed a significant improvement in the bioavailability. The only known interaction is with propranolol, which reduces by one-third theBioavailability of enalapril.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" dl-Timolol maleate is also extremely well absorbed when given orally, being then about 10 times more active than propranolol."	( Timolol maleate, a new beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Hall, RA; Robson, RD; Share, NN, 1975)	0.46
" The decrease in the DR of T4 suggests a reduction in the bioavailability of L-T4 during propranolol, possibly due to a decrease in intestinal absorption."	( Effect of propranolol on extrathyroidal metabolism of thyroxine and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine evaluated by noncompartmental kinetics. Faber, J; Friis, T; Kirkegaard, C; Lumholtz, IB; Siersbaek-Nielsen, K, 1978)	0.88
" Our object was to assess long-term clinical efficacy, kinetics (acute and chronic), and bioavailability of minoxidil in chronic renal insufficiency."	( Long-term clinical effects, bioavailability, and kinetics of minoxidil in relation to renal function. Affrime, M; Busby, P; Kim, KE; Lowenthal, DT; Martinez, EW; Mutterperl, R; Onesti, G; Shirk, J; Swartz, C, 1978)	0.26
" These results demonstrate a significantly lower oral bioavailability of (-)- as compared to (+)-propranolol in the dog, which appears to be associated with stereoselective presystemic glucuronidation of (-)-propranolol."	( Stereoselective oral bioavailability of (+/-)-propranolol in the dog. A GC-MS study using a stable isotope technique. Walle, T; Walle, UK, 1979)	0.74
" Net water absorption rate was largely unaffected by intestinal vasodilatation."	( The effect of vasodilatation and sympathetic nerve activation on net water absorption in the cat's small intestine. Brunsson, I; Eklund, S; Jodal, M; Lundgren, O; Sjövall, H, 1979)	0.26
" CV-705 was well absorbed through the digestive tract."	( [Vasodilator action of (+/-)-1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (CV-705) in anesthetized dogs (author's transl)]. Ikezawa, K; Kiyomoto, A; Nagao, T; Nakajima, H; Sato, M, 1977)	0.26
" 3 Gastric emptying has some influence on the time of peak plasma propranolol concentrations but individual variation in its bioavailability is determined mainly by first-pass metabolism in the liver."	( Contribution of individual differences in gastric emptying to variability in plasma propranolol concentrations. Castleden, CM; George, CF; Short, MD, 1978)	0.72
" A direct estimate of bioavailability was also possible and was found to be increased at steady-state compared with a single oral dose."	( Direct measurement of propranolol bioavailability during accumulation to steady-state. Belcher, S; Carr, K; Shand, DG; Vestal, RE; Wilkinson, GR; Wood, AJ, 1978)	0.57
"The possible influence of food intake on the bioavailability of one nonselective and one cardioselective beta adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol and metoprolol, was examined by serial determinations of the drug concentrations in blood of healthy subjects, taking single doses of the drugs both on an empty stomach and together with a standardized breakfast."	( Enhancement of the bioavailability of propranolol and metoprolol by food. Danielson, K; Melander, A; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin, E, 1977)	0.73
" A comparison of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking activity after oral and intravenous administration provides information on the bioavailability of these drugs."	( Experiments with pindolol (Visken) in healthy volunteers. Aellig, WH, 1977)	0.26
" The bioavailability of tablets and a solution of propranolol was compared with a crossover design by obtaining plasma samples at the end of the dosage interval during chronic oral administration of various doses."	( Disposition of propoxyphene and propranolol in children. Atwood, GF; Shand, DG; Wilson, JT, 1976)	0.79
" Analysis of the results of the propranolol study suggests that an increase in the rate of absorption combined with saturation of first pass extraction may account for the increased plasma concentrations of unchanged propranolol found in coeliac disease."	( Absorption of propranolol and practolol in Coeliac disease. Kaye, CM; Parsons, RL; Raymond, K; Trounce, JR; Turner, P, 1976)	0.9
"The enantioselective oral bioavailability of propranolol (PL) from 0-isovaleryl-PL was determined and compared with parent PL in beagle dogs."	( Enantioselective oral bioavailability of 0-isovaleryl propranolol as a potential prodrug of propranolol. Imai, T; Otagiri, M; Shameem, M, 1992)	0.79
"The effect of piperine on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline has been examined in a crossover study."	( Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Bano, G; Bedi, KL; Johri, RK; Raina, RK; Sharma, SC; Zutshi, U, 1991)	0.76
" Analysis of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for the two formulations indicate no significant difference of bioavailability despite a prolonged absorption time and maintenance of effective plasma concentration for the controlled release preparation."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of conventional and controlled release dosage form of propranolol. Chattaraj, SC; Das, SK, 1990)	0.51
" The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 10 h (AUC (0-10] and absorption rate constant (ka) were significantly greater after the morning dose."	( Circadian influence on effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia in healthy subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Kajiyama, H; Kumagai, Y; Nakashima, H; Ohashi, K; Sugimoto, K, 1990)	0.56
" These results indicate that the poor absorption of P from the gastrointestinal tract might be one of the factors causing the low bioavailability of P observed after administration of the sustained-release formulation."	( Decreased absorption as a possible cause for the lower bioavailability of a sustained-release propranolol. Kashiwada, K; Ogata, H; Ohira, M; Someya, K; Takahashi, H; Warabioka, R, 1990)	0.5
" administration of the beta blockers, no significant increase in area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve was observed for propranolol and metoprolol as a function of age, but for atenolol, a significant increase in area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve was seen in the 24-month-old rats, due to a decrease in renal function, as bioavailability of atenolol did not change in function of age."	( Effect of aging on the pharmcokinetics of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol in the rat. Belpaire, FM; Bogaert, MG; Chauvelot-Moachon, L; de Smet, F; Rosseel, MT; Vermeulen, AM; Vynckier, LJ, 1990)	0.72
"Mechanisms and variations in the food-induced increase in the bioavailability of propranolol were assessed by single-dose (80 mg) studies in healthy volunteers who took the drug on an empty stomach, immediately after a protein-rich breakfast, and together with a carbohydrate-rich, protein-poor breakfast."	( Mechanisms and variations in the food effect on propranolol bioavailability. Liedholm, H; Melander, A; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1990)	0.76
"The systemic bioavailability of propranolol was evaluated following oral and transdermal administration in rabbits."	( Bioavailability of propranolol following oral and transdermal administration in rabbits. Chien, YW; Corbo, M; Liu, JC, 1990)	0.89
"Moricizine is well absorbed after oral administration and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of moricizine. Barbey, JT; Schwartz, SL; Siddoway, LA; Woosley, RL, 1990)	0.28
"5 liters/min) with an associated higher bioavailability (23."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a 4'-methylthio derivative of propranolol in the dog. Bai, SA; Easterling, DE; Haney, CA; Peet, NP; Pruett, JK; Walle, T; Walle, UK; Wilson, MJ, )	0.37
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of four different brands of propranolol (Inderal, Ciplar, Corbeta and Propal) were carried out after single and multiple dosing on six normal adult healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover fashion to determine any inter-brand variations in bioavailability and pharmacodynamic effects."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of four different brands of propranolol in normal volunteers. Biswas, NR; Garg, SK; Kumar, N; Mukherjee, S; Sharma, PL, 1989)	0.73
" Marked underestimation of oral bioavailability of propranolol in humans is consistent with the RBC "barrier" effect hypothesis."	( Erythrocytes as barriers for drug elimination in the isolated rat liver. II. Propranolol. Chiou, WL; Lee, HJ, 1989)	0.76
" The area under the concentration curve after oral administration (AUCpo) was increased by 62% and the plasma oral clearance (Clpo) was decreased by 39% by cimetidine treatment, whereas the bioavailability (F) was not changed."	( The inhibitory effects of cimetidine on elimination and distribution of propranolol in rats. Asahina, M; Kawamata, Y; Kojo, M; Nishigaki, R; Shibasaki, S; Umemura, K, 1989)	0.51
" Propranolol bioavailability correlated with the diameter of the portal vein and was dependent on the size of oesophageal varices and the presence of cavernous transformation of the portal vein."	( [Usefulness of the evaluation of blood supply and mass of the liver for predicting the rate of pharmacokinetics of lidocaine, propranolol and phenazone]. Becker, A; Bołdys, H; Hartleb, M; Kloc, T; Mańczyk, I, 1989)	1.39
" The results of this study indicate that the bioavailability of (S)-propranolol, as expressed by the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum serum concentration, is lower after 40 mg of the optically pure drug than after the racemic drug."	( Pharmacokinetic data of propranolol enantiomers in a comparative human study with (S)- and (R,S)-propranolol. Lindner, W; Rath, M; Semmelrock, HJ; Stoschitzky, K, 1989)	0.82
"Reduced bioavailability (F) due to hepatic first-pass extraction of an oral dose (D) is a well-known pharmacokinetic phenomenon."	( Saturable first-pass kinetics of propranolol. Haller, H; Keller, F; Kunzendorf, U; Offermann, G; Walz, G, 1989)	0.56
" There was no difference in elimination half-life, bioavailability and mean residence time of propranolol between the two doses."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two doses of long acting propranolol (80 and 160 mg) in healthy subjects. Berlin, I; Cournot, A; Duchier, J; Flouvat, B; Robinet, D; Rossi, A; Sarmini, H, 1989)	0.73
" Comparison of the AUC values showed that relative bioavailability of PPL was approx."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of propranolol and its major metabolites in the rat after oral and vaginal administration. Buttar, HS; Qureshi, SA, 1989)	0.53
" Nifedipine significantly enhanced propranolol bioavailability and Cmax, but reduced its tmax, in three out of six subjects who were also good absorbers of beta-blockers when taken alone."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nifedipine and propranolol or betaxolol. Canal, M; Carbon, C; Cascio, B; Domart, Y; Flouvat, B; Larribaud, J; Orofiamma, B; Roux, A; Vinceneux, P, 1986)	0.78
" Betaxolol (Kerlon, 8) was found to exhibit an appropriate preclinical pharmacological and human pharmacokinetic profile (elevated oral bioavailability and prolonged plasma half-life) for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and angina."	( Synthesis of a series of compounds related to betaxolol, a new beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with a pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profile optimized for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases. Binet, JL; Cavero, IG; Lefèvre-Borg, F; Manoury, PM; Rousseau, J, 1987)	0.27
"The influence of three diets (olestra, triglyceride oil, and water) on the bioavailability of a single dose of propranolol, diazepam, norethindrone, and ethinyl estradiol was evaluated."	( Influence of absorbable and nonabsorbable lipids and lipidlike substances on drug bioavailability. Leff, RD; Roberts, RJ, 1989)	0.49
"Two multiple dose crossover pharmacokinetic studies were carried out to determine the steady-state bioavailability of newly formulated generic propranolol HCl tablets relative to Inderal tablets."	( Bioavailability of propranolol hydrochloride tablet formulations: application of multiple dose crossover studies. Daniel, JE; Eldon, MA; Kinkel, AW; Latts, JR, )	0.66
" The only known interaction is with propranolol, which reduces by one-third the bioavailability of enalapril."	( [Clinical pharmacology of enalapril]. Giudicelli, JF, 1985)	0.54
" The bioavailability of PL in the 5% PL Carbopol ointment with AZ was 13%."	( The percutaneous absorption of propranolol and prediction of the plasma concentration. Ito, Y; Iwaki, M; Ogiso, T; Shintani, A, 1988)	0.56
"The bioavailability of propranolol applied to the oral mucosa was examined in the hamster."	( Application of propranolol to the keratinized oral mucosa: avoidance of first-pass elimination and the use of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) as an absorption enhancer of bioadhesive film-dosage form. Kimura, T; Kitayama, M; Kurosaki, Y; Nakayama, T; Takatori, T, 1988)	0.94
" The bioavailability of slow release formulations with a zero order release kinetic is lower than standard release formulations and related to the dissolution rate in vitro."	( Drug input rate from the GI-tract. Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the bioavailability of slow release verapamil and nifedipine. Fischer, A; Köhne, H; Menke, G; Rietbrock, N; Woodcock, BG, 1988)	0.27
" Systemic bioavailability of long acting propranolol is 30 to 50% less than that of the conventional formulation."	( Pharmacokinetics of long acting propranolol. Implications for therapeutic use. Nace, GS; Wood, AJ, 1987)	0.82
" The most likely explanation for increased bioavailability of nifedipine when coadministered with propranolol is by a reduction of the hepatic "first-pass" clearance, as a result of changes in hepatic blood flow."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between nifedipine and propranolol. Koren, G; Levy, M; Turetz-Abramovitch, M; Zylber-Katz, E, 1988)	0.74
"The concomitant administration of hydralazine with metoprolol or propranolol substantially increases the oral bioavailability of these beta-blockers, presumably via reduction of the first-pass effect."	( Effect of hydralazine on the elimination of antipyrine in the rat. Knowlton, PW; Svensson, CK; Ware, JA, 1987)	0.51
" Haem arginate administered in high doses prior to oral propranolol did not alter the bioavailability of the latter."	( Barbiturate and ethanol sleeping times and pharmacokinetics of propranolol in mice after intravenous administration of haem arginate. Tokola, O, 1987)	0.76
" In contrast, acute uremia did elicit a change in the bioavailability of orally administered S(-)-propranolol."	( Altered S(--)-propranolol disposition in bilateral ureter-ligated rats. Laganière, S; Shen, DD, 1987)	0.85
"), pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that the rectal route enables to obtain a bioavailability which is markedly higher by oral route, and plasma concentrations at a therapeutic level."	( [Drug administration through the rectum: reliability, tolerance]. Cheymol, G, )	0.13
" These observations indicate that propranolol bioavailability in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is increased possibly due to reduced presystemic extraction."	( Propranolol disposition in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Ali, HM; Arbab, BM; Harron, DW; Homeida, MM, 1987)	1.99
" 6 Within both subject groups the bioavailability of 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol tended to be greater than 160 mg LA once daily."	( A comparative pharmacokinetic study of conventional propranolol and long acting preparation of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and normal controls. Bastain, W; Hayes, JR; Larkin, KA; McAinsh, JA; Shanks, RG; Watson, RG, 1987)	0.75
" The pharmacokinetic data are consistent with a decrease in intrinsic hepatic clearance of propranolol, leading to an increase in bioavailability at steady-state."	( Propranolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after single doses and at steady-state. Bottorff, MB; Lalonde, RL; Mirvis, DM; Pieper, JA; Straka, RJ, 1987)	1.94
"The relationship between dose and bioavailability of propranolol was determined in 12 healthy male subjects."	( Relationship between plasma propranolol concentration and dose in young, healthy volunteers. Brisson, J; Davis, G; Dey, M; Dvornik, D; Enever, R; Pray, K; Zaim, B, )	0.67
"The influence of concomitant food intake on the bioavailability and presystemic primary conjugation of propranolol (80 mg) was studied in 11 healthy women."	( Concomitant food intake can increase the bioavailability of propranolol by transient inhibition of its presystemic primary conjugation. Liedholm, H; Melander, A, 1986)	0.73
" A 12% decrease in oral clearance occurred with the meal but was not statistically significant (3717 +/- 185 ml/min, fasting; 3245 +/- 498 after meal), whereas bioavailability increased 67% (27."	( Food effects on propranolol systemic and oral clearance: support for a blood flow hypothesis. Conradi, EC; Cowart, TD; Oexmann, MJ; Olanoff, LS; Walle, T; Walle, UK, 1986)	0.62
" Bioavailability was estimated after rectal administration of each suppository in rabbits and compared with oral administration."	( Pharmaceutical evaluation of hollow type suppositories. IV. Improvement of bioavailability of propranolol in rabbits after rectal administration. Baba, K; Matsumoto, M; Matsumoto, Y; Watanabe, Y, 1986)	0.49
" The partial metabolic clearance approach adopted in this study may be useful in the investigation of factors influencing the oral bioavailability of propranolol."	( Partial metabolic clearances as determinants of the oral bioavailability of propranolol. Conradi, EC; Olanoff, LS; Walle, T; Walle, UK, 1986)	0.7
" The bioavailability of propranolol was reduced by prolonged physical exercise and plasma levels of propranolol were about 30% lower at the end of the exercise day than at the end of the rest day."	( Influence of physical exercise on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Arends, BG; Böhm, RO; Rahn, KH; van Baak, MA; van Kemenade, JE, 1986)	0.82
" Statistical analysis of the difference in the total AUCs indicates a significantly higher bioavailability of propranolol administered by the rectal route."	( Plasma concentrations and bioavailability of propranolol by oral, rectal, and intravenous administration in man. Cárcamo, M; Cid, E; Lucchini, L; Mella, F; Monasterio, J, )	0.6
" This most likely explains the poor bioavailability of propranolol after a sustained-release formulation."	( Propranolol: pooled Michaelis-Menten parameters and the effect of input rate on bioavailability. Wagner, JG, 1985)	1.96
" Neither the bioavailability nor the beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of propranolol was significantly changed by concurrent administration of aluminum hydroxide gel."	( Lack of influence of aluminum hydroxide on the bioavailability and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of propranolol. Chiang, BN; Hong, CY; Hu, SC; Lin, SJ, 1985)	0.71
" The present results suggest that 5-ISMN shows a high bioavailability and a potency comparable to ISDN, especially in the case of peroral administration."	( [Effects of isosorbide 5-mononitrate on cardiovascular function. (I). Effects on the left ventricular system]. Kogi, K; Saito, T, 1985)	0.27
" Orally administered NIP underwent extensive first-pass metabolism leading to low bioavailability (11%), despite of complete gastrointestinal absorption."	( Pharmacokinetics of nipradilol (K-351), a new antihypertensive agent. II. Influence of the route of administration on bioavailability in dogs. Fujii, M; Ito, T; Kojima, J; Suzuki, J; Yoshimura, M, 1985)	0.27
" The theory is given and the relationship between the area under the theoretical plasma level curve and the absorption rate constant is discussed."	( Theoretical Michaelis-Menten elimination model for propranolol. Gay, MA; McAinsh, J, )	0.38
" Area under the curve estimates suggested that the bioavailability of the slow-release formulation following single-dose administration was about one-third that of the conventional preparation."	( Combined high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for measuring 4-hydroxypropranolol and propranolol in plasma: pharmacokinetic measurements following conventional and slow-release propranolol administration. Drummer, OH; Louis, WJ; McNeil, J; Pritchard, E, 1981)	0.49
"Previous studies have demonstrated a larger oral bioavailability of (+)- as compared to (-)-propranolol in the dog."	( Stereochemical composition of propranolol metabolites in the dog using stable isotope-labeled pseudoracemates. Bai, SA; Walle, T; Walle, UK; Wilson, MJ, )	0.64
" The absorption rate of the free forms of sulfanilamides was increased (significantly for sulfalen and sulfapyridazine)."	( [Sulfanilamide absorption and acetylation in rats with experimental hyperlipidemia and cellular regulation of the process of acetylation]. Lubiankina, SV; Makarov, VA; Suetina, IV; Vasilenko, IuK; Vaskanian, VL, )	0.13
" The high hepatic extraction results in low systemic bioavailability (20%) after oral drug administration."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil. Blouin, RA; Hamann, SR; McAllister, RG, )	0.13
" These results suggest that ethanol could substantially increase the oral bioavailability of propranolol in humans."	( Ethanol-induced inhibition of hepatic uptake of propranolol in perfused rat liver and in man. Carruthers, G; Dorian, P; Hamilton, C; Kaplan, HL; Khouw, V; Sellers, EM, 1984)	0.74
" Chlorpromazine pretreatment significantly reduced (69%) the oral clearance of propranolol, resulting in significant increases in propranolol bioavailability (159%), and in the total beta-adrenergic blocking activity (111%) after the oral dose."	( Effects of chlorpromazine on the disposition and beta-adrenergic blocking activity of propranolol in the dog. Abramson, FP; Bai, SA, 1984)	0.72
" The composite observations of the stereochemistry of propranolol metabolism in man are consistent with stereoselective ring oxidation of (+)-propranolol, leading to a greater bioavailability of the pharmacologically more active (-)-propranolol and subsequent preferential side-chain oxidation and glucuronidation of this enantiomer."	( Stereoselective ring oxidation of propranolol in man. Fagan, TC; Gaffney, TE; Walle, T; Walle, UK; Wilson, MJ, 1984)	0.8
" There were no significant alterations in elimination half-life, clearance or apparent volume of distribution per kilogram antenatally compared with postnatally: bioavailability was also unchanged."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol during pregnancy. Kinney, CD; McDevitt, DG; Murnaghan, GA; O'Hare, MF, 1984)	0.59
"The aim of the study was to establish whether and how circadian rhythms alter the bioavailability of, and response of circulatory and ventilatory functions to 80 mg of propranolol given at four different test times."	( Circadian bioavailability and some effects of propranolol in healthy subjects and in liver cirrhosis. Korczyńska-Wardecka, J; Markiewicz, A; Semenowicz-Siuda, K, 1984)	0.72
" The bioavailability of (-)-propranolol (5."	( Stereoselective increase in propranolol bioavailability during chronic dosing in the dog. Bai, SA; Walle, T; Walle, UK; Wilson, MJ, 1983)	0.85
" Both anti-arrhythmic efficacy and bioavailability were compared to oral drug."	( Sublingual absorption of the quaternary ammonium antiarrhythmic agent, UM-272. Lucchesi, BR; Patterson, E; Stetson, P, 1983)	0.27
"Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters of propranolol were estimated in 10 healthy adult subjects after single oral doses of two commercial tablet formulations of propranolol hydrochloride (2 X 40 mg)."	( Pharmacokinetics of glucuronidation of propranolol following oral administration in humans. Cooper, JK; Ho-Ngoc, A; Loo, JC; McGilveray, IJ; Midha, KK; Roscoe, RM; Wilson, TW, )	0.65
"The influence of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide on the oral bioavailability of quinidine, procainamide and propranolol in the dog was investigated."	( Interaction of antacids with antiarrhythmics. V. Effect of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide on the bioavailability of quinidine, procainamide and propranolol in dogs. Belpaire, F; Braeckman, P; Remon, JP; Van Severen, R, 1983)	0.67
" Our data indicate that hydralazine increases propranolol bioavailability by its hemodynamic actions rather than by inhibition of its metabolism."	( Mechanism by which hydralazine increases propranolol bioavailability. Schneck, DW; Vary, JE, 1984)	0.79
"Recent experiments suggest that propranolol taken orally with a carbohydrate-rich meal increases its apparent bioavailability by reducing first-pass metabolism."	( Effect of carbohydrates on estimated hepatic blood flow. Barde, SH; Lalka, D; Mauriello, PM; Middleton, E; Svensson, CK, 1984)	0.55
" The bioavailability of Inderal LA was significantly lower than that of the other preparations."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies with a new controlled-release formulation of propranolol in normal volunteers: a comparison with other commercially available formulations. Caravaggi, M; Crema, F; Frigo, GM; Gatti, G; Grimaldi, R; Lecchini, S; Perucca, E, 1984)	0.49
" The therapeutic dose, clearance, extraction coefficient, bioavailability and half-life are the object of particular study."	( [Pharmacokinetics of anti-arrhythmics. 2. Clinical applications]. Bricaud, H; Lévy, RH; Lévy, S, 1980)	0.26
"It has been suggested that alteration in the apparent oral bioavailability of propranolol taken with food may be due to a transient increase in QH."	( Effect of food on hepatic blood flow: implications in the "food effect" phenomenon. Barde, SH; Edwards, DJ; Foster, AC; Lalka, D; Lanc, RA; Mauriello, PM; Middleton, E; Svensson, CK, 1983)	0.49
" Bioavailability of Bft was not altered following administration of the fixed combination."	( Pharmacokinetics of bendroflumethiazide alone and in combination with propranolol and hydralazine. Mutschler, E; Schäfer-Korting, M, 1982)	0.5
" 2 Buccal partitioning has proved useful in the examination of the mechanism of the propranolol/aluminium hydroxide absorption interaction and may also be a suitable in vivo bioavailability screening model for other drugs which can be partitioned in the buccal membranes."	( The use of buccal partitioning as a model to examine the effects of aluminium hydroxide gel on the absorption of propranolol. McElnay, JC; Temple, DJ, 1982)	0.7
"The elimination and bioavailability of two beta-blocking agents, propranolol and sotalol, were studied in 10 thyrotoxic patients, both before and after treatment with iodine-131."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism. Anttila, M; Aro, A; Korhonen, T; Sundquist, H, 1982)	0.83
"Experiments have been carried out in dogs and man to determine the effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol and to evaluate the bioavailability of two dosage forms containing both propranolol and HCT (40/25 and 80/25 mg, respectively)."	( Biopharmaceutical characteristics of a new propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide tablet combination. Dubuc, J; Dvornik, D; Kraml, M; Lee, TY; Mullane, J; Patterson-Kreuscher, S; Perdue, H, )	0.6
" To compare the bioavailability and the elimination of propranolol in seven untreated coeliac patients and six normal subjects, plasma concentrations were measured after oral and intravenous propranolol."	( Propranolol absorption in untreated coeliac disease. Rawlins, MD; Record, CO; Sandle, GI; Ward, A, 1982)	1.95
"For drugs with a high hepatic clearance, bioavailability is low due to the so-called "first pass effect"."	( Prediction of bioavailability for drugs with a high first-pass effect using oral clearance data. Eichelbaum, M; Gugler, R; Somogyi, A, 1982)	0.26
"A relative bioavailability study of conventional tablet of propranolol hydrochloride was conducted in a group of 18 healthy volunteers employing the innovator's product as the reference tablet formation."	( The relative bioavailability of a commercial propranolol hydrochloride tablet in man. Cooper, J; Joshi, NN; Midha, KK; Roscoe, R; Wilson, TW, )	0.63
" The absorption rate constant was decreased for folic acid in the coeliac group, but increased for propranolol."	( Altered jejunal surface pH in coeliac disease: its effect on propranolol and folic acid absorption. Allan, RN; Bishop, H; Blair, JA; Kitis, G; Lucas, ML; Sargent, A; Schneider, RE, 1982)	0.72
" Accordingly, the overall oral bioavailability was 27%."	( Bioavailability of propranolol in the dog. Reo, JP; Sanders, TM; Tse, FL, 1980)	0.59
" Bioavailability of the drug had increased by twice the values measured in physiologic liver blood flow; elimination half-life had doubled."	( [Effect of portasystemic anastomoses in childhood on propranolol pharmacokinetics]. Buchali, K; Bürger, K; Cario, WR; Glende, M; Grossmann, P; Huth, M; Lampe, D; Rüstow, B; Zimmermann, HB, 1981)	0.51
" Oral bioavailability of 1- and total propranolol averaged 40."	( No stereoselective first-pass hepatic extraction of propranolol. Bobik, A; Jackman, GP; Jennings, GL; McLean, AJ, 1981)	0.78
" The results show that the presence of both diuretics increased the intestinal absorption rate constant and the percentage diffused of propranolol hydrochloride."	( In vitro detection of possible in vivo drug interactions. Part 1. The effect of hydrochlorothiazide and frusemide on the in vitro absorption characteristics of propranolol hydrochloride. Al-Janabi, II; Anber, SA; Mustafa, RM; Razzo, FN, 1981)	0.66
" kg-1, bioavailability around 25%, with a mean terminal half-life of 6 hr."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Borgström, L; Johansson, CG; Larsson, H; Lenander, R, 1981)	0.59
" Ethanol caused a decrease in the rate of absorption and an increase in the rate of elimination of propranolol."	( Effects of acute alcohol administration on propranolol absorption. Cady, WJ; Emery, JF; Grabowski, BS; Young, WW, 1980)	0.74
" The bioavailability of the sustained-release formulation was identical to that of the intravenous administration."	( Nasal absorption of propranolol from different dosage forms by rats and dogs. Bawarshi, R; Hirai, S; Hussain, A, 1980)	0.58
"Propranolol (PL) bioavailability has been shown to increase substantially when it is administered with a protein-rich meal."	( Interaction between propranolol and amino acids in the single-pass isolated, perfused rat liver. Semple, HA; Xia, F, 1995)	2.06
" Nifedipine also significantly increased the AUC and Cmax of oral propranolol (15 mg/kg), whereas with BAY-K-8644 there was only a slight increase in the bioavailability of oral propranolol (15 mg/kg)."	( Influences of the calcium antagonists nicardipine and nifedipine, and the calcium agonist BAY-K-8644, on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in rats. Dupont, AG; Massart, DL; Schoors, DF; Vercruysse, I, 1993)	0.73
" The relative bioavailability of propranolol was 104."	( Chronic administration of nimodipine and propranolol in elderly normotensive subjects--an interaction study. Breuel, HP; Heine, PR; Kuhlmann, J; Mück, W; Niklaus, H; Schmage, N, 1995)	0.84
"The effect of single oral dose of 1 gm gugulipid was studied on bioavailability of single oral dose of propranolol (40 mg) and diltiazem (60 mg) in 10 and 7 normal healthy male volunteers respectively."	( Effect of gugulipid on bioavailability of diltiazem and propranolol. Dalvi, SS; Desai, NK; Gupta, KC; Kshirsagar, NA; Nayak, VK; Pohujani, SM, 1994)	0.75
"The large increase in propranolol (PL) bioavailability when administered with food cannot be entirely explained by a transient increase in hepatic blood flow."	( Propranolol disposition in the single-pass isolated, perfused rat liver in the presence and absence of insulin and glucagon. Semple, HA; Xia, F, )	1.89
" In comparison with healthy volunteers referred to in literature sources, plasma clearance was reduced to 49 +/- 28 ml/min, bioavailability was increased to 72 +/- 20%, and the volume of distribution was increased to 50 +/- 34 l, probably due, in part, to a weaker protein binding -85%--effect."	( Hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of tertatolol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Brouard, R; Caillau, H; Calès, P; Crambes, O; Desmorat, H; Jung, L; Pascal, JP; Rocher, I; Urien, S; Vinel, JP, 1993)	0.29
"We investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) whether product inhibition of metabolism contributes to the dose-dependent bioavailability of propranolol, a drug with a high, but saturable, hepatic first-pass effect."	( Product inhibition and dose-dependent bioavailability of propranolol in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. Ghabrial, H; Morgan, DJ; Nand, R; Smallwood, RA; Stead, CK, 1994)	0.73
" The compounds examined ranged from well- to poorly-absorbed and included compounds absorbed by active and passive mechanisms."	( Use of everted intestinal rings for in vitro examination of oral absorption potential. Fix, JA; Leppert, PS, 1994)	0.29
"After 7 days of treatment with nisoldipine and propranolol, neither drug altered the other's bioavailability or elimination parameters, and propranolol did not change the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of nisoldipine's metabolite, N-9425."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions during multiple-dose administration of nisoldipine and propranolol. Leenen, FH; Ogilvie, RI; Shaw-Stiffel, TA; Walker, SE, 1994)	0.76
" On the other hand, the oral clearance of diltiazem was significantly reduced by 51%, and its oral bioavailability was significantly increased by 48% during propranolol coadministration."	( Effects of propranolol on the disposition and negative dromotropic activity of diltiazem in the dog during multiple dosing. Bai, SA; Lankford, SM; Maskasame, C, )	0.72
" As a result, protein (skim milk) intake slightly, but not significantly, increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and bioavailability of PL, with a slight increase (16%) in hepatic blood flow, and enhanced PL metabolism to NLA."	( Effect of food on propranolol oral clearance and a possible mechanism of this food effect. Hata, S; Iwaki, M; Kawafuchi, R; Ogiso, T; Tanino, T, 1994)	0.62
" Studies investigating the effect of food on fluvastatin pharmacokinetics have demonstrated marked reductions in the rate of bioavailability (Cmax) of 40% to 60%."	( Pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and specific drug interactions. Hwang, DS; Jokubaitis, LA; Robinson, WT; Smith, HT; Troendle, AJ, 1993)	0.29
"There is diurnal variation in the absorption rate of propranolol in younger subjects."	( The effect of age on diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in hypertensive subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Shiga, T; Tateishi, T, 1993)	0.77
"Previous studies have shown that the absorption rate of a lipophilic, but not hydrophilic, agent is faster after the night dosage than after the morning dosage in nocturnal rodents."	( Differences of chronopharmacokinetic profiles between propranolol and atenolol in hypertensive subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Shiga, T; Tateishi, T, 1993)	0.53
"Several research groups have reported that in man the oral administration of propranolol with food leads to a marked increase (about 50 per cent) in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCpo) of this well absorbed and highly metabolized drug."	( Pharmacokinetics of D-propranolol following oral, intra-arterial and intraportal administration: contrasting effects of oral glucose pretreatment. Chow, HH; Lalka, D, 1993)	0.83
" Measurement of 24-h urinary-free iodide indicated that the bioavailability of potassium iodide delivered by retention enema was at least 40%."	( Rectal administration of iodide and propylthiouracil in the treatment of thyroid storm. Balasubramanyam, A; Go, R; Yeung, SC, 1995)	0.29
"The higher oral bioavailability (AUC and Cmax) of Pro in Chinese women is in part caused by their lower oral clearance and volume of distribution."	( Sex differences in pharmacokinetics of oral propranolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, X; Xie, HG, 1995)	0.55
" These results indicate that the enhancement of the bioavailability of propranolol by coadministration of nicardipine is dependent on the delivery rate of propranolol, suggesting that the interaction is mainly due to short-term haemodynamic effects of nicardipine leading to saturation of hepatic enzymes or functional shunting."	( Increase in plasma propranolol caused by nicardipine is dependent on the delivery rate of propranolol. Dupont, AG; Massart, DL; Vercruysse, I, 1995)	0.85
"Propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, suffers from a high degree of first-pass metabolism resulting in very low bioavailability (< 10%) following administration with conventional oral formulations."	( Carboxymethylcellulose-sodium based transdermal drug delivery system for propranolol. Krishna, R; Pandit, JK, 1996)	1.97
" This reduction in 5-HT neuron firing activity is a 5-HT-mediated response, due to an increased bioavailability of the neurotransmitter in the biophase of somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors."	( Autoregulatory properties of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons: possible role of electrotonic coupling and 5-HT1D receptors in the rat brain. Blier, P; de Montigny, C; Piñeyro, G; Weiss, M, 1996)	0.29
" A single-dose three-way crossover bioavailability study of two extended-release experimental formulations (80 mg), Inderal LA (80 mg) and an Inderal immediate-release dosage form (2 x 40 mg) was also conducted and a comparative analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters and the in-vitro release profiles was performed to assess in-vitro/in-vivo correlation."	( Bioavailability and in-vitro/in-vivo correlation for propranolol hydrochloride extended-release bead products prepared using aqueous polymeric dispersions. Jambhekar, SS; Rekhi, GS, 1996)	0.54
" Previous evidence suggests that the dose-dependent bioavailability of racemic propranolol may be partly due to product inhibition."	( (S)-4'-hydroxypropranolol causes product inhibition and dose-dependent bioavailability of propranolol enantiomers in the isolated perfused rat liver and in rat liver microsomes. Ghabrial, H; Morgan, DJ; Nand, RA; Smallwood, RA, 1996)	0.88
"05) increase in propranolol bioavailability caused by increased fractional absorption (57 +/- 28% vs 137 +/- 73%) and decreased total body clearance (58 +/- 27 ml/min/kg vs 30 +/- 19 ml/min/kg)."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy cats during euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. Calvert, C; Ferguson, D; Jacobs, G; Sams, R; Whittem, T, 1997)	0.97
" The overestimated plasma profile of propranolol suggests that the low bioavailability of propranolol is a result of first-pass metabolism by the intestine wall and the liver, because the calculated absolute absorption is almost perfect."	( Prediction of the plasma concentration profiles of orally administered drugs in rats on the basis of gastrointestinal transit kinetics and absorbability. Haruta, S; Higaki, K; Kimura, T; Kurosaki, Y; Sawamoto, T, 1997)	0.57
"The time course of pharmacodynamic effects allow to resolve bioavailability relevant pharmacokinetic information, provided simple assumptions can be made about their interrelation."	( Inverse PK/PD: estimation and differentiation of bioavailability from effect kinetics--observations with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. De Mey, C, 1997)	0.3
"The bioavailability of propranolol (PL) after oral administration of ester-type prodrug was compared in rat and dog, and the possible reason for species difference was investigated."	( Species differences in the disposition of propranolol prodrugs derived from hydrolase activity in intestinal mucosa. Aso, T; Imai, T; Otagiri, M; Yoshigae, Y, 1998)	0.88
"The bioavailability of propranolol depends on the degree of liver metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol in hypertensive patients after sublingual administration: systemic availability. Avakian, SD; Donzella, H; Mansur, AP; Paula, RS; Ramires, JA; Santos, SR, 1998)	0.88
" The clearance and oral bioavailability values for theophylline, atenolol, propranolol, warfarin, BMS-182874 and BMS-A were determined from continuous withdrawal or intermittent sampling experiments."	( Continuous blood withdrawal as a rapid screening method for determining clearance of oral bioavailability in rats. Humphreys, WG; Morrison, RA; Obermeier, MT, 1998)	0.53
" The method should prove useful in drug discovery screening, where the evaluation of large numbers of compounds for systemic clearance or oral bioavailability is often necessary."	( Continuous blood withdrawal as a rapid screening method for determining clearance of oral bioavailability in rats. Humphreys, WG; Morrison, RA; Obermeier, MT, 1998)	0.3
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of formulation and processing changes on the dissolution and bioavailability of propranolol hydrochloride tablets."	( Identification of formulation and manufacturing variables that influence in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability of propranolol hydrochloride tablets. Ashraf, M; Augsburger, LL; Eddington, ND; Fossler, MJ; Lesko, LJ; Leslie, JL; Rekhi, GS; Shah, VP, 1998)	0.71
"271 h-1, the migration distance of the suppository in the rectum 4 h after administration was between 1 and 5 cm, and the bioavailability of propranolol was between 60."	( Increased bioavailability of propranolol in rats by retaining thermally gelling liquid suppositories in the rectum. Chung, SJ; Kim, CK; Lee, MH; Ryu, JM, 1999)	0.8
" The present study deals with the enhancement of the oral bioavailability of propranolol HCl by synthesising the amphiphathic prodrug, which tends to aggregate in supramolecular orientations."	( Synthesis and characterisation of palymitoyl propanolol hydrochloride auto-lymphotrophs for oral administration. Jaitely, V; Kanaujia, P; Vyas, SP, 1999)	0.53
"The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of isosorbide mononitrate (IS-5MN) after oral administration of Monocard 20 mg-capsules, made in "Synteza" â Pharmaceutical-Chemical Company in Poznań."	( [The evaluation of the bioavailability of isosorbide 5-mononitrate]. Drobnik, L; Dyderski, S; Szkutnik, D; Szymańska-Shawkat, E, 1999)	0.3
"The bioavailability of IS-5MN after oral administration of Monocard 20 mg is the same as after oral administration of Effox 20 mg, whose clinical efficacy was tested before."	( [The evaluation of the bioavailability of isosorbide 5-mononitrate]. Drobnik, L; Dyderski, S; Szkutnik, D; Szymańska-Shawkat, E, 1999)	0.3
"To improve bioavailability and achieve a smoother plasma-concentration profile as compared with oral administration, a matrix-dispersion-type transdermal delivery system was designed and developed for propranolol using different ratios of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) K4M, K15M and K100M."	( Controlled transdermal delivery of propranolol using HPMC matrices: design and in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Iyer, SS; Verma, PR, 2000)	0.77
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."	( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability. Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)	0.31
" The fraction absorbed of PPL was approximately 70% after oral administration, and the bioavailability varied among individual horses from 1 to 79% depending on the first pass metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and its metabolites in horses after intravenous or oral administration. Aramaki, S; Koizumi, T; Mori, M; Nakata, M; Shinohara, A, 2000)	0.63
" Six new models were developed using a time-dependent absorption rate coefficient, ka(t), wherein the time dependency was varied to account for the dynamic processes such as changes in fluid absorption or secretion, in absorption surface area, and in motility with time, in the gastrointestinal tract."	( Time-dependent oral absorption models. Amidon, GL; Higaki, K; Yamashita, S, 2001)	0.31
" In contrast, both compounds were well absorbed in cynomolgus monkeys."	( Permeability of lipophilic compounds in drug discovery using in-vitro human absorption model, Caco-2. Chen, K; Krishna, G; Lin, C; Nomeir, AA, 2001)	0.31
"This paper describes a graphical model for simplifying in vitro absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination (ADME) data analysis through the estimation of oral bioavailability (%F) of drugs in humans and other species."	( Graphical model for estimating oral bioavailability of drugs in humans and other species from their Caco-2 permeability and in vitro liver enzyme metabolic stability rates. Hwang, KK; Mandagere, AK; Thompson, TN, 2002)	0.31
"Solubilizers are often used to enhance the bioavailability of drugs with poor aqueous solubility."	( Common solubilizers to estimate the Caco-2 transport of poorly water-soluble drugs. Kobayashi, S; Kondo, H; Takahashi, Y; Watanabe, T; Yasuda, T; Yokohama, S, 2002)	0.31
"Although thrombin has been extensively researched with many examples of potent and selective inhibitors, the key characteristics of oral bioavailability and long half-life have been elusive."	( Oxyguanidines: application to non-peptidic phenyl-based thrombin inhibitors. Bone, R; Crysler, C; Dasgupta, M; Eisennagel, S; Fedde, C; Lu, T; Murphy, L; Soll, RM; Spurlino, J; Tomczuk, B; Wang, A, 2003)	0.32
" Bioavailability was similar for both formulations of propranolol."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol after single and multiple dosing with sustained release propranolol or propranolol CR (innopran XL) , a new chronotherapeutic formulation. Frishman, WH; Manowitz, N; Sica, D, )	0.7
"The mechanisms responsible for the increased bioavailability of propranolol in renal dysfunction were investigated in rats."	( The increased intestinal absorption rate is responsible for the reduced hepatic first-pass extraction of propranolol in rats with cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction. Aiba, T; Hashimoto, Y; Mizukami, A; Okabe, H; Taguchi, M; Yasuhara, M, 2003)	0.77
" This might result from an increased bioavailability of propranolol on day 1 and from marked sympathetic activity."	( Alcohol withdrawal changes cardiovascular responses to propranolol challenge. Kähkönen, S, 2003)	0.81
" The relative bioavailability of PPN was increased about fivefold to sixfold after transdermal administration as compared to oral delivery."	( Comparative in vivo evaluation of propranolol hydrochloride after oral and transdermal administration in rabbits. Diwan, PV; Ramakrishna, S; Rao, PR; Reddy, MN, 2003)	0.6
"This study evaluated the effects of batch size on the in vitro dissolution and the in vivo bioavailability of immediate release formulations of propranolol hydrochloride and metoprolol tartrate."	( Scale-up effects on dissolution and bioavailability of propranolol hydrochloride and metoprolol tartrate tablet formulations. Augsburger, LL; Eddington, ND; Lesko, LJ; Rekhi, GS, 2000)	0.75
" These experiments have allowed a more complete characterization of ketoconazole as a prototypic dual Pgp/CYP3A inhibitor and its use as a tool in a preclinical setting and further demonstrate the use of the monkey to investigate the role of Pgp/CYP3A in limiting the oral bioavailability of new drug candidates."	( Development of an in vivo preclinical screen model to estimate absorption and first-pass hepatic extraction of xenobiotics. II. Use of ketoconazole to identify P-glycoprotein/CYP3A-limited bioavailability in the monkey. Azzarano, LM; Kehler, JR; McSurdy-Freed, JE; Morgan, JA; Proksch, JW; Smith, BR; Stelman, GJ; Ward, KW; Zeigler, KS, 2004)	0.32
" Moreover, administration of the matrix-in-cylinder system resulted in a 4-fold increase in propranolol bioavailability when compared with a commercial sustained release formulation (Inderal)."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a matrix-in-cylinder system for sustained drug delivery. Gielen, I; Mehuys, E; Remon, JP; Van Bree, H; Vervaet, C, 2004)	0.54
" Indinavir, a widely prescribed HIV protease inhibitor, suffer from bioavailability problems where involvement of P-glycoprotein mediated drug efflux may play a significant role."	( Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for simultaneous quantitation of indinavir and propranolol from ex-vivo rat intestinal permeability studies. Bansal, T; Kaul, CL; Panchagnula, R; Varma, MV, 2004)	0.54
" Species differences were observed in the systemic clearance of theophylline (approximately 5-fold higher in CHPs), a low clearance compound, and the bioavailability of propranolol and verapamil (lower in CHPs), both high clearance compounds."	( The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) as a pharmacokinetic model for selection of drug candidates: model characterization and application. Bai, SA; Christ, DD; Diamond, S; Grace, JE; Grossman, SJ; He, K; Qian, M; Wong, H; Wright, MR; Yeleswaram, K, 2004)	0.52
"To investigate the mechanism responsible for the increased bioavailability of propranolol in bilateral ureter-ligated (BUL) rats, the intestinal absorption and hepatic extraction of propranolol and metoprolol were evaluated."	( Intestinal absorption and hepatic extraction of propranolol and metoprolol in rats with bilateral ureteral ligation. Hashimoto, Y; Higashi, T; Ohta, T; Okabe, H, 2004)	0.81
"The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method for separately evaluating the roles of gastrointestinal absorption and hepatic extraction as barriers to oral bioavailability (BA)."	( Evaluating barriers to bioavailability in vivo: validation of a technique for separately assessing gastrointestinal absorption and hepatic extraction. Aungst, B; Dobson, G; Hidalgo, I; Letendre, L; Scott, M, 2004)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic parameters including bioavailability were calculated for each compound for each route of administration."	( Evaluating barriers to bioavailability in vivo: validation of a technique for separately assessing gastrointestinal absorption and hepatic extraction. Aungst, B; Dobson, G; Hidalgo, I; Letendre, L; Scott, M, 2004)	0.32
" Antipyrine was highly bioavailable by all routes."	( Evaluating barriers to bioavailability in vivo: validation of a technique for separately assessing gastrointestinal absorption and hepatic extraction. Aungst, B; Dobson, G; Hidalgo, I; Letendre, L; Scott, M, 2004)	0.32
"To study the correlation between the absorption rate constants of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in rat small intestinal segments and their molecular structural parameters."	( [Correlation between absorption rates of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in rat small intestine and their molecular structures]. Fu, XC; Sun, Q, 2005)	0.33
"The absorption rate constants of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in rat jejunum or ileum were well linearly correlated with the sum of the net charges of all hydrogen atoms and the molecular volumes."	( [Correlation between absorption rates of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in rat small intestine and their molecular structures]. Fu, XC; Sun, Q, 2005)	0.33
"The absorption rate constants of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in rat small intestinal segments are mainly related with their lipophilicity,hydrogen-bonding potential and molecular size."	( [Correlation between absorption rates of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in rat small intestine and their molecular structures]. Fu, XC; Sun, Q, 2005)	0.33
" The relative bioavailability of two FDA approved (Orange Book AB rating) solid oral dosage forms of metoprolol and propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide (combination tablets) was evaluated in human volunteers under fed conditions using a two-way crossover design."	( The effect of food on the relative bioavailability of rapidly dissolving immediate-release solid oral products containing highly soluble drugs. Asafu-Adjaye, E; Ciavarella, AB; Conner, DP; Faustino, PJ; Hussain, AS; Lesko, LJ; Mehta, MU; Parekh, A; Straughn, AB; Yang, Y; Yu, LX, )	0.34
"The bioavailability of propranolol from a matrix-in-cylinder system for sustained drug delivery, consisting of a hot-melt extruded ethylcellulose pipe surrounding a drug-containing HPMC-Gelucire 44/14 core, was determined."	( Human bioavailability of propranolol from a matrix-in-cylinder system with a HPMC-Gelucire core. Augustijns, P; Korst, A; Mehuys, E; Mols, R; Porter, C; Remon, JP; Van Bortel, L; Vervaet, C, 2005)	0.94
" The hypotensive effect of isosorbid dinitrate, commonly used as a vasodilatator, was weaker at the onset of AW, being associated with the decreased bioavailability of the drug."	( Responses to cardiovascular drugs during alcohol withdrawal. Kähkönen, S, )	0.13
" The present study concludes that mucoadhesive buccal devices of PRH can be a good way to bypass the extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and to improve the bioavailability of PRH."	( Formulation, evaluation, and comparison of bilayered and multilayered mucoadhesive buccal devices of propranolol hydrochloride. Patel, MM; Patel, VM; Prajapati, BG, 2007)	0.56
" Previously described THQ PFTIs had limitations of poor oral bioavailability and rapid clearance from the circulation of rodents."	( Efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of tetrahydroquinoline inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum protein farnesyltransferase. Ankala, S; Barrett, LK; Bauer, KD; Bendale, P; Buckner, FS; Chakrabarti, D; Floyd, D; Gelb, MH; Hamilton, AD; Hornéy, C; Hucke, O; Lombardo, LJ; Nallan, L; Rivas, KL; Smart, BP; Strickland, C; Van Voorhis, WC; Verlinde, CL; Williams, DK; Yokoyama, K, 2007)	0.34
" Additional mechanisms involving blockade of Ca2+ entry in the vascular smooth muscle and increase in NO bioavailability contributes to beneficial effects of long-term propranolol treatment."	( Vascular effects of long-term propranolol administration after chronic nitric oxide blockade. Antunes, E; Claudino, MA; De Nucci, G; Priviero, FB; Teixeira, CE; Zanesco, A, 2007)	0.82
" It can be concluded that the present buccal formulation can be an ideal system to improve the bioavailability of the drug by avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism."	( Effect of hydrophilic polymers on buccoadhesive Eudragit patches of propranolol hydrochloride using factorial design. Patel, MM; Patel, VM; Prajapati, BG, 2007)	0.58
" On the other hand, the first-order absorption rate constant of propranolol did not affect AUC values."	( Analysis of hepatic metabolism affecting pharmacokinetics of propranolol in humans. Honbo, A; Iga, K; Kiriyama, A, 2008)	0.83
" These drugs also increased the bioavailability of CSA."	( Comparative interaction of few antihypertensive drugs with cyclosporine-A in rats. Inamdar, MN; Kumar, NP; Venkataraman, BV, 2007)	0.34
" Topotecan, an anti-cancer drug widely used in metastatic carcinoma, is a P-glycoprotein substrate having oral bioavailability of 30% with large inter-patient variability."	( Concurrent determination of topotecan and model permeability markers (atenolol, antipyrine, propranolol and furosemide) by reversed phase liquid chromatography: utility in Caco-2 intestinal absorption studies. Bansal, T; Jaggi, M; Khar, RK; Mishra, G; Mukherjee, R; Singh, M; Talegaonkar, S, 2007)	0.56
" The relative bioavailability for delayed-onset sustained-release tablet was 96."	( Preparation and evaluation of a novel delayed-onset sustained-release system of propranolol hydrochloride. Chen, HZ; Fang, C; Feng, XM; Ren, Q; Rong, ZX; Shen, HF; Zhang, WZ, 2008)	0.57
"The object of the study was to evaluate locust bean gum and chitosan in ratios of 2:3; 3:2 and 4:1 (F1, F2 and F3) as a mucoadhesive component in buccal tablets and to compare the bioavailability of a propranolol hydrochloride buccal tablet with the oral tablet in healthy human volunteers."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of locust bean gum and chitosan combination as a carrier for buccal drug delivery. Ramakrishnan, A; Vasanthakumar, S; Vijayaraghavan, C, 2008)	0.53
" The validated method was successfully employed for bioavailability study after oral administration of 10 mg of alfuzosin hydrochloride and 5mg of solifenacin succinate tablet formulations in eight healthy volunteers under fed condition."	( Highly sensitive and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of uroselective alpha1-blocker, alfuzosin and an antimuscarinic agent, solifenacin in human plasma. Jangid, AG; Mistri, HN; Pudage, A; Rathod, DM; Shrivastav, PS, 2008)	0.35
"Amorphous solids and crystalline salts are both of interest as a means of improving the dissolution characteristics and apparent solubility of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients which have low bioavailability in humans."	( An investigation into the influence of counterion on the properties of some amorphous organic salts. Li, T; Remick, DM; Sanchez-Felix, MV; Taylor, LS; Towler, CS; Wikström, H, )	0.13
" Local BH(4) supplementation augments reflex and tyramine-induced VC in aged skin, suggesting that reduced BH(4) bioavailability may contribute to attenuated VC during whole-body cooling."	( Local tetrahydrobiopterin administration augments cutaneous vasoconstriction in aged humans. Holowatz, LA; Kenney, WL; Lang, JA, 2009)	0.35
" ISV was set at either 10% or 20% for clearance and either 20% or 50% for the absorption rate constant, K(a)."	( Role of metabolites for drugs that undergo nonlinear first-pass effect: impact on bioequivalency assessment using single-dose simulations. Braddy, AC; Jackson, AJ, 2010)	0.36
" The bioavailability of propranolol increases in presence of food."	( Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery system of propranolol hydrochloride. Agavekar, AJ; Chabukswar, AR; Jagdale, SC; Kuchekar, BS; Pandya, SV, 2009)	0.89
" The results indicated that all the sesquiterpenes are well absorbed mainly by the passive diffusion via the transcellular pathway and metabolism may be involved during the absorption of ICL, BSE and DML."	( Intestinal permeability of sesquiterpenes in the caco-2 cell monolayer model. Wu, Q; Xu, W; Yang, XW; Zhang, LX; Zhang, P; Zhao, B; Zou, L, 2010)	0.36
" Furthermore, current water quality monitoring does not differentiate between soluble and colloidal phases in water samples, hindering our understanding of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms."	( Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Maskaoui, K; Zhou, JL, 2010)	0.36
" Such strong pharmaceutical/colloid interactions may provide a long-term storage of pharmaceuticals, hence, increasing their persistence while reducing their bioavailability in the environment."	( Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Maskaoui, K; Zhou, JL, 2010)	0.36
" As aquatic colloids are abundant, ubiquitous, and highly powerful sorbents, they are expected to influence the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of such chemicals by aquatic organisms."	( Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Maskaoui, K; Zhou, JL, 2010)	0.36
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" The very low oral bioavailability indicates that intestinal metabolism of PPL is probably quite high."	( Effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on drug disposition in swine. Howard, KD; Kawalek, JC, 2010)	0.36
"The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) guidance issued by the FDA allows waivers for in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for immediate-release (IR) solid oral dosage forms only for BCS class I drugs."	( The biowaiver extension for BCS class III drugs: the effect of dissolution rate on the bioequivalence of BCS class III immediate-release drugs predicted by computer simulation. Amidon, GL; Tsume, Y, 2010)	0.36
" To show the importance of physicochemical properties, the classic QSAR and CoMFA of neonicotinoids and prediction of bioavailability of pesticides in terms of membrane permeability in comparison with drugs are described."	( Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides. Akamatsu, M, 2011)	0.37
" longifolia, its bioavailability (AUC0-∞) decreased by 29% while C(max) was reduced by 42% and T(max) was significantly prolonged by almost 86%."	( Modification of propranolol's bioavailability by Eurycoma longifolia water-based extract. Amrah, S; Gan, SH; Ismail, R; Ismail, Z; Salman, SA; Wahab, MS; Yuen, KH, 2010)	0.71
" Optimized formulation PTSso and commercial formulation Ciplar LA 80 were subjected to bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers by estimating pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, area under curve (AUC), elimination rate constant (Kel), biological half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT)."	( Thermal sintering: a novel technique used in the design, optimization and biopharmaceutical evaluation of propranolol HCl gastric floating tablets. Battu, JR; Kolapalli, VR; Nali, SR; Songa, AS; Venkata Srikanth, M, 2014)	0.62
" Cp-prop was higher at earlier times with 3-fold greater relative bioavailability following sublingual Promptol™ compared to that from oral Inderal(®)."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of buffered propranolol sublingual tablet (Promptol™)-application of a new "physiologically based" model to assess absorption and disposition. Bolger, MB; Chow, MS; Lee, BT; Tomlinson, B; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zuo, Z, 2013)	0.66
" Combining of xanthone with piperazine moiety resulted in obtaining of compounds with increased bioavailability after oral administration."	( Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological properties of some new xanthone derivatives with piperazine moiety. Bojarski, AJ; Gunia, A; Marona, H; Pytka, K; Satała, G; Siwek, A; Szkaradek, N; Szneler, E; Waszkielewicz, AM, 2013)	0.39
" Bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for catecholamine synthesis, is reduced with aging."	( Oral sapropterin augments reflex vasoconstriction in aged human skin through noradrenergic mechanisms. Alexander, LM; Kenney, WL; Stanhewicz, AE, 2013)	0.39
" The compound was orally bioavailable and displayed good plasma and brain exposure in mice."	( Substituted 2-phenylimidazopyridines: a new class of drug leads for human African trypanosomiasis. Brun, R; Buckner, FS; Chatterjee, AK; Creason, SA; Duster, NA; Gelb, MH; Gillespie, JR; Glynne, R; Hulverson, MA; McQueen, J; Molteni, V; Nagendar, P; Nagle, A; Norcross, NR; Ranade, RM; Supek, F; Tatipaka, HB; Wenzler, T, 2014)	0.4
" Linear and nonlinear (quadratic, cubic, sigmoid functions) deconvolution based in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) models were developed using in vitro dissolution data and bioavailability profile."	( Chronotherapeutic delivery of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose based mini-tablets: an in vitro-in vivo correlation. Biswas, N; Guha, A; Kuotsu, K; Sahoo, RK, 2014)	0.4
"The main objectives of the study were to determine the exposure and bioavailability of oral propranolol and to investigate their associations with serum bile acid concentration in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls."	( A study of the relationship between serum bile acids and propranolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls. Beuers, U; Buylaert, M; Drewe, J; Haschke, M; Krähenbühl, S; Taegtmeyer, AB; Tchambaz, L; Tschöpl, M, 2014)	0.87
"Diosmin is a natural flavone glycoside, a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor in cultured cells and have the potential to alter the bioavailability of P-gp substrate drugs."	( Effect of diosmin on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine in rats. Bedada, SK; Neerati, P, 2015)	0.42
"Diosmin significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine by the inhibition of P-gp mediated drug efflux during the intestinal absorption."	( Effect of diosmin on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine in rats. Bedada, SK; Neerati, P, 2015)	0.42
" Despite its lower bioavailability and higher clearance, as compared to nepicastat, etamicastat showed preferential distribution to peripheral tissues and high plasma free fraction (15."	( Role of P-glycoprotein and permeability upon the brain distribution and pharmacodynamics of etamicastat: a comparison with nepicastat. Bonifácio, MJ; Fernandes-Lopes, C; Igreja, B; Loureiro, AI; Pires, N; Soares-da-Silva, P; Wright, LC, 2015)	0.42
" Permeability correlated well with the extent of intramolecular hydrogen bonding observed in the solution structures determined in the low-dielectric solvent CDCl3, and one compound showed an oral bioavailability of 21% in rat."	( Probing the Physicochemical Boundaries of Cell Permeability and Oral Bioavailability in Lipophilic Macrocycles Inspired by Natural Products. Bockus, AT; Gardner, JW; Glassey, E; Hewitt, WM; Hund, KC; Jacobson, MP; Kalgutkar, AS; Lexa, KW; Liras, S; Lokey, RS; Mathiowetz, AM; Price, DA; Pye, CR; Schwochert, JA, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacokinetic studies of the optimised Terminalia catappa formulation and a commercial product (Ciplar LA 80) carried out on healthy human volunteers showed a significant improvement in the bioavailability (132%) of propranolol HCl released from from the experimental Terminalia catappa formulations compared with Ciplar LA 80."	( Formulation of Gastric Floating System Using Bio-Sourced Terminalia Catappa Gum and in vivo Evaluation. Meka, VS; Murthy Kolapalli, VR, 2016)	0.62
" In addition, both benzazaborinine analogues showed excellent bioavailability and brain penetration following subcutaneous administration in a pharmacokinetic study in rats."	( Benzazaborinines as Novel Bioisosteric Replacements of Naphthalene: Propranolol as an Example. Austin, N; Rombouts, FJ; Tovar, F; Trabanco, AA; Tresadern, G, 2015)	0.65
" The bioavailability of IGF-1 at both mRNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot respectively."	( Decrease of the insulin-like growth factor-1 bioavailability in spontaneously hypertensive rats with erectile dysfunction. Cheng, SP; Huang, H; Huang, JB; Liu, RH; Mao, FJ; Pan, H; Sun, YL; Xiao, S; Zhong, GJ; Zhou, ZY, 2016)	0.43
"This study aimed at improving the systemic bioavailability of propranolol-HCl by the design of transdermal drug delivery system based on chitosan nanoparticles dispersed into gels."	( Transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride through chitosan nanoparticles dispersed in mucoadhesive gel. Al-Kassas, R; Cheng, AE; Kim, AM; Liu, SSM; Wen, J; Yu, J, 2016)	0.98
"Capsaicin is the main pungent principle present in chili peppers has been found to possess P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition activity in vitro, which may have the potential to modulate bioavailability of P-gp substrates."	( Capsaicin pretreatment enhanced the bioavailability of fexofenadine in rats by P-glycoprotein modulation: in vitro, in situ and in vivo evaluation. Appani, R; Bedada, SK; Boga, PK, 2017)	0.46
"Capsaicin pretreatment significantly enhanced the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of fexofenadine in rats likely by inhibition of P-gp mediated cellular efflux, suggesting that the combined use of capsaicin with P-gp substrates may require close monitoring for potential drug interactions."	( Capsaicin pretreatment enhanced the bioavailability of fexofenadine in rats by P-glycoprotein modulation: in vitro, in situ and in vivo evaluation. Appani, R; Bedada, SK; Boga, PK, 2017)	0.46
" Thus, ionic interaction reduced the thermodynamic activity of PRO and mobility of AACOOH, which made PRO-AACOOH obtain a significant lower bioavailability (11."	( A systemic evaluation of drug in acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive patch in vitro and in vivo: The roles of intermolecular interaction and adhesive mobility variation in drug controlled release. Fang, L; Li, S; Liu, C; Quan, P; Zhao, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Pharmacokinetic experiments show oral bioavailability through gastric absorption."	( Pharmacology and in vivo efficacy of pyridine-pyrimidine amides that inhibit microtubule polymerization. Cescon, DW; Hansen, MD; Hoj, JP; Siddiqui-Jain, A, 2018)	0.48
"The bioavailability of pharmaceuticals is governed by their sorption in soils/sediments, as the retention processes determine their concentration in surface- and ground-water."	( Combining sorption experiments and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to study the adsorption of propranolol onto environmental solid matrices - Influence of copper(II). Berrier, E; Guillon, E; Nuns, N; Sayen, S; Smith, RM, 2018)	0.69
" The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of the changes in MC on in vivo drug absorption after nasal application, and to justify the pharmacokinetic model to which the MC parameter was introduced, to enable prediction of bioavailability after intranasal administration."	( Quantitative Estimation of the Effect of Nasal Mucociliary Function on in Vivo Absorption of Norfloxacin after Intranasal Administration to Rats. Furubayashi, T; Higaki, K; Inoue, D; Katsumi, H; Kimura, S; Kiriyama, A; Ogawara, KI; Sakane, T; Tanaka, A; Yamamoto, A; Yutani, R, 2018)	0.48
"The knowledge on human serum albumin (HSA) binding is of utmost importance as it affects pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability of drugs."	( Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design. Bajusz, D; Balogh, GT; Dargó, G; Müller, J; Simon, K, 2020)	0.56
"We studied pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of verapamil, propranolol, and ethacizine in healthy volunteers after single oral administration under normal conditions and on the second day of simulated antiorthostatic hypokinesia modeling some effects of microgravity."	( Peculiarities of Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Some Cardiovascular Drugs under Conditions of Antiorthostatic Hypokinesia. Kondratenko, SN; Kovachevich, IV; Kukes, VG; Polyakov, AV; Repenkova, LG; Savelyeva, MI; Svistunov, AA, 2020)	0.8
"The study depicts that propranolol is well absorbed after oral administration."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review. Ahmed, N; Kalam, MN; Rasool, MF; Rehman, AU, 2020)	1.16
" Gastric involvement and achlorhydria may be present, with subsequent alteration of medication bioavailability which can trigger severe arrhythmic complications."	( Propranolol syrup to tablets change triggers electrical storm in Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Moreno-Mata, N; Moreno-Planas, J; Ramos-Jiménez, J; Sánchez-Perez, I, 2021)	2.06
" The optimized formulation was selected for a bioavailability study using albino rabbits and adopting a developed HPLC method."	( Bucco-Adhesive Film as a Pediatric Proper Dosage Form for Systemic Delivery of Propranolol Hydrochloride: In-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation. Mansour, HF; Mohamad, SA; Salem, H; Yassin, HA, 2020)	0.79
"To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of drugs of different chemical structure and pharmacological action under conditions simulating the effects of some factors of spaceflight, as well as the peculiarities of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions."	( Study of the pharmacokinetics of various drugs under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions. Badriddinova, LY; Kondratenko, SN; Kovachevich, IV; Polyakov, AV; Repenkova, LG; Savelyeva, MI; Shikh, EV; Svistunov, AA, 2021)	0.62
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 5-MTHF in combination with propranolol on HVPG and nitric oxide bioavailability markers in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension."	( 5-MTHF enhances the portal pressure reduction achieved with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Andreone, P; Berzigotti, A; Bosch, J; Di Donato, R; Gitto, S; Renzulli, M; Roncarati, G; Schepis, F; Simoni, P; Villa, E; Vukotic, R, 2023)	1.38
" HVPG and markers of nitric oxide bioavailability (BH4, ADMA and tHcy) were measured again at the end of treatment."	( 5-MTHF enhances the portal pressure reduction achieved with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Andreone, P; Berzigotti, A; Bosch, J; Di Donato, R; Gitto, S; Renzulli, M; Roncarati, G; Schepis, F; Simoni, P; Villa, E; Vukotic, R, 2023)	1.15
"Groups were similar in terms of baseline clinical and hemodynamic data and nitric oxide bioavailability markers."	( 5-MTHF enhances the portal pressure reduction achieved with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Andreone, P; Berzigotti, A; Bosch, J; Di Donato, R; Gitto, S; Renzulli, M; Roncarati, G; Schepis, F; Simoni, P; Villa, E; Vukotic, R, 2023)	1.15
" This effect appears to be mediated by improved nitric oxide bioavailability in the hepatic microcirculation."	( 5-MTHF enhances the portal pressure reduction achieved with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Andreone, P; Berzigotti, A; Bosch, J; Di Donato, R; Gitto, S; Renzulli, M; Roncarati, G; Schepis, F; Simoni, P; Villa, E; Vukotic, R, 2023)	1.15

Dosage Studied

In a previous experiment, fetopathic effects of caffeine were significantly reduced by pretreatment with propranolol at dosage levels of 2. Maximal blood pressures during the first 5 hours following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly positively correlated with preoperative pro Pranolol dosage. The secondary outcome measures were the duration of labour, the required dosage of oxytocin and CTG readings.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Drug dosage was selected to be proportionate to beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking potency; d-propranolol dosage equalled approximately that of racemic propranolol."	( The antihypertensive action of several beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs. Waal-Manning, HJ, 1976)	0.48
" The two drugs caused comparable shifts of the isoproterenol dose-response curve during anesthesia."	( Interaction of anesthesia, beta-receptor blockade, and blood loss in dogs with induced myocardial infarction. Bennett, MJ; Clarke, TN; Foëx, P; Prys-Roberts, C; Roberts, JG; Ryder, WA, 1976)	0.26
" With both beta-blockers, cardiac blockade and hypotensive effect increased in a parallel fashion when the dosage was increased suggesting that the hypotensive effect is related to cardiac beta-blockade."	( The relationship between beta-blockade, hyporeninaemic and hypotensive effect of two beta-blocking agents. Amery, A; De Plaen, JF; Fagard, R; Linjen, P; Reybrouck, T, 1976)	0.26
" There is increasing evidence that certain orally administered nitrates at larger than usual dosage can further increase the tolerance to effort."	( Pharmacotherapy of myocardial ischemia. Gorlin, R, 1976)	0.26
" The different influence of 10 mg propranolol and 20 mg practolol on the stimulating effect of 40 mg furosemide on the PRA can be interpreted as a dosage problem."	( [Cyclic AMP and plasma renin activity in renal vein blood after amitryptiline, theophylline, furosemide and beta adrenergic blocking substances (author's transl)]. Klaus, D; Klumpp, F; Lemke, R; Zehner, J, 1976)	0.53
" Propranolol shifted the dose-response curves downward and to the right for all agonists; phentolamine, shifter the curves upward and to the left."	( Effects of adrenergic amines on electrophysiological properties and automaticity of neonatal and adult canine Purkinje fibers: evidence for alpha- and beta-adrenergic actions. Danilo, P; Hordof, AJ; Ilvento, JP; Rosen, MR, 1977)	1.17
" The dose-response curves in all anesthetics remained unaltered in the presence of either 3 x 10(-7) M dl-propranolol or 1 x 10(-6) M atropine."	( Mechanisms of chronotropic effects of volatile inhalation anesthetics. Krisna, G; Paradise, RR, )	0.34
" The dose-response curves obtained were compared with similar curves previously reported for sotalol, practolol, and atenolol with identical experimental methods."	( Influence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and cardioselectivity on beta adrenoceptor blockade. Brown, HC; Carruthers, SG; McDevitt, DG; Shanks, RG, 1977)	0.26
" A dose-response relationship to intravenous doses of propranolol in the microgram range was obtained during a steady state of infusion of epinephrine."	( Beta-2 adrenoceptor blocking activity of penbutolol and propranolol at very low doses. Chabria, NL; Chadha, DR; DaSilva, LM; Kulkarni, RD, 1977)	0.75
" Resistance to alpha adrenergic blocking agents developed when the patient's daily propranolol dosage was lowered from 10 to 1 mg/kg."	( Childhood pheochromocytoma: treatment with alpha methyl tyrosine for resistant hypertension. DeQuattro, V; Grushkin, CM; Lieberman, E; Robinson, RG, 1977)	0.48
" The dose of penbutolol producing an effect equivalent to that of propranolol was calculating from the log dose-response curve of penbutolol."	( Comparative potency of intravenous penbutolol and propranolol in man. Sapru, RP; Sharma, PL, 1978)	0.75
" Optimal daily dosage for nadolol was 100 mg, and 112 mg for propranolol."	( Comparison of the new beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, nadolol, and propranolol in the treatment of angina pectoris. Dahlqvist, A; Furberg, B; Raak, A; Wrege, U, 1978)	0.74
" Isoprenaline evoked vasodilation and propranolol (beta-adrenoceptor antagonist) caused a parallel shift to the right of the isoprenaline log dose-response curve."	( Identification of beta-adrenoceptors and histamine receptors in the cat nasal vasculature. Hiley, CR; Wilson, H; Yates, MS, )	0.4
"1 In spontaneously active Purkinje fibres of young cows the dose-response curves of the action of isoprenaline upon different electrophysiological parameters were measured."	( The effects of isoprenaline and a new beta-sympathomimetic amine upon spontaneous activity, diastolic depolarization and plateau height in cardiac Purkinje fibres. Grabowski, W; Lüttgau, HC; Schulze, JJ, 1978)	0.26
" Cocaine or phentolamine shifted the dose-response curve to the left."	( Effects of ethylephrine on the rat atrial pacemaker. Aramendía, P; De Mikulic, LE; Márquez, MT, 1977)	0.26
" Both timolol and acebutolol had a significant hypotensive effect at 24 hours and a low incidence of side effects, suggesting that further increases in dosage might be effective and well tolerated."	( Randomised study of six beta-blockers and a thiazide diuretic in essential hypertension. Wilcox, RG, 1978)	0.26
" Propranolol shifted the dose-response curves for the isoproterenol-induced flow increases in the common hepatic, gastro-duodenal, and cranial mesenteric arteries to the right."	( alpha- and beta-receptor blockade of isoproterenol- and norepinephrine-induced effects on regional blood flow and blood flow acceleration. Beijer, HJ; Charbon, GA; Immink, WF, 1978)	1.17
"Twenty-nine anginal patients were randomly allocated to nadolol once daily, or propranolol four times daily and titrated to optimum dosage over 14 weeks under double-blind conditions: all patients then continued on nadolol once daily."	( Angina pectoris: effective therapy once daily. Prager, G, 1979)	0.49
" Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, when administered at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight, enhanced both passive hemagglutinating and IgE (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) antibody formation."	( Enhancement of IgE antibody formation in the rabbit by adrenergic antagonists. Cain, WA; Homer, JT, 1979)	1.17
" Specific airway conductance is measured after increasing doses of inhaled salbutamol and the extent to which the dose-response curve is displaced to the right after beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs is used to assess bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade."	( Quantitative assessment of bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade in man. Baldwin, CJ; Gribbin, HR; Tattersfield, AE, 1979)	0.26
" Aminobenzylpropranolol inhibited catecholamine-stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation; with increasing blockade, isoproterenol dose-response curves became progressively shifted to the right but the maximal response was unaltered."	( Quantitative relationship between beta-adrenergic receptor number and physiologic responses as studied with a long-lasting beta-adrenergic antagonist. Brooker, G; Linden, J; Terasaki, WL, 1979)	0.64
" The relationship of propranolol dosage to blood levels, the effect of blood levels on pharmacological response, the metabolism and elimination of propranolol, and determination of rational dosage of the drug, are discussed."	( Pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. I: Propranolol hydrochloride as adjunct therapy in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Robayo, JR, 1976)	0.85
" In view of the clinical dosage levels, it is sugg ested that the antiarrhythmic effects of OPC-1085 depend predominantly on its beta blocking action."	( Cardiac electrophysiologic action of carteolol hydrochloride (OPC-1085), a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Ozawa, M; Toda, H; Watanabe, Y, 1978)	0.26
" The initial CSF sample was removed after a drug-free period and propranolol dosage was then increased over 1 week to 1000 mg daily in all ten patients."	( The effect of propranolol treatment in shizophrenia on CSF amine metabolites and prolactin. Belmaker, RH; Dasberg, H; Ebstein, RP; Levy, A; Sedvall, G; Van Praag, HM, 1979)	0.86
"We advocate the use of propranolol in very low dosage at the end of operation to determine a prognosis of the long-term results to be expected after valvulotomy in diverse types of pulmonary stenosis."	( The postvalvulotomy propranolol test to determine reversibility of the residual gradient in pulmonary stenosis. Buis-Liem, TN; Geldof, WC; Moulaert, AJ; Rohmer, J, 1976)	0.89
" 2 Dose-response and time course experiments revealed that propranolol greatly inhibited microsomal and mitochondrial calcium uptake whereas both acebutolol and practolol showed slight depressant effects."	( Comparison of the actions of acebutolol, practolol and propranolol on calcium transport by heart microsomes and mitochondria. Dhalla, NS; Lee, SL, 1976)	0.75
" The slopes of the dose-response curves for the two catecholamines and the maxima of the curves were the same."	( Substitution of calorigenic effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline and differences in their inhibition by propranolol. Cervinka, M; Janský, L; Mejsnar, J, 1976)	0.47
" Pretreatment with propranolol shifted the dose-response curves for the inotropic effect of both grayanotoxins slightly to the right."	( The effects of grayanotoxin I and alpha-dihydrograyanotoxin II on guinea-pig myocardium. Akera, T; Brody, TM; Frank, M; Iwasa, J; Ku, DD, 1977)	0.59
" In vitro dose-response curves to gastrin I, CCK, and the octapeptide of CCK (OP) demonstrated that both CCK and OP were partial agonists on the LES muscle."	( Mechanism of cholecystokinin inhibition of lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Cohen, S; DiMarino, AJ; Fisher, RS, 1975)	0.25
" Phentolamine, on the other hand, shifted the phenylephrine dose-response curve for contractility to the right without affecting the other parameters."	( Biochemical and mechanical effects of phenylephrine on the heart. McNeill, JH; Verma, SC, 1976)	0.26
" Noncyclic nucleotides, adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) showed clear, dose-response protection against histamine death of propranolol-treated mice when they were given 45 to 90 min before histamine."	( Hypersensitivity to histamine and systemic anaphylaxis in mice with pharmacologic beta adrenergic blockade: protection by nucleotides. Matsumura, Y; Tan, EM; Vaughan, JH, 1976)	0.45
" Propranolol administration abolished the hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol and significantly decreased the response of plasma cyclic AMP; the same blocking dosage had little effect on plasma cyclic AMP changes induced by glucagon wheras the response in blood sugar was significantly reduced."	( Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on plasma cyclic AMP and blood sugar responses to glucagon and isoproterenol in man. Fraysse, J; Genest, J; Hamet, P; Kuchel, O; Messerli, FH; Tolis, G, 1976)	1.17
" Construction of dose-response curves, however, revealed antagonism of all three parameters by propranolol and different sensitivities of the parameters to isoprenaline."	( The beta-adrenoceptors responsible for a direct relaxation of the uncontracted nictitating membrane of the anaesthetized cat. Broadley, KJ, 1977)	0.48
"13 The vasoconstrictor actions of phenylephrine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were all antagonized by the systemic administration of phentolamine, all three dose-response curves being shifted to the right."	( The role of beta-adrenoceptors in the responses of the hepatic arterial vascular bed of the dog to phenylephrine, isoprenaline, noradrenaline and adrenaline. Richardson, PD; Withrington, PG, 1977)	0.26
" These were reduced by terbutaline (1 and 10 nmol) which produced a significant shift in the histamine dose-response lines to lower absorbance values."	( Beta-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition by terbutaline of histamine effects on vascular permeability. O'Donnell, SR; Persson, CG, 1978)	0.26
" Dose-response curves of these drugs fitted the theoretical dose-response relations, but the curves of ATP and GTP were not significantly altered by propranolol."	( Nature of catecholamine-like actions of ATP and other energy rich nucleotides on the bullfrog atrial muscle. Goto, M; Tsuda, Y; Yatani, A, 1978)	0.46
" Isoprenaline, salbutamol and ritodrine caused a dose-dependent reduction of the spontaneous contractions of the pregnant myometrium and a dose-related and parallel shift to the right of the isoprenaline dose-response curve was obtained with butoxamine but not with practolol."	( Beta-adrenoceptors in the pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium of the goat and cow. Larsen, JJ, 1979)	0.26
" Therefore, 50 mg of propanolol are recommended as the proper dosage with which to examine cardiac and extracardiac beta-adrenergic receptors in cattle."	( [Electrocardiographic functional diagnosis of the vegitative nervous system in cattle. 2. Determination of the propranolol blockade effect on cardiac beta-receptors under application of maximum isoprenaline doses]. Schumann, S, 1978)	0.47
" Log dose-response curves to isoprenaline from spontaneously contracting muscle strips from rabbit uterus have been obtained."	( Action of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the response to isoprenaline in the oestrogen dominated rabbit uterus. Nesheim, BI, 1975)	0.25
" In the antipsychotic classification, special attention is given to side effects (extrapyramidal motor signs, tardive dyskinesias, akathisis) and to dosage for the elderly."	( Observations on the psychopharmacology of the aged. Eisdorfer, C, 1975)	0.25
"The effect of lidocaine was studied in guinea pig trachealis muscle by dose-response reversal and protection of agonist-induced contractures in a superfusion system."	( The effect of local anesthetic, lidocaine, on guinea pig trachealis muscle in vitro. Anderson, WH; O'Brien, KP; Weiss, EB, 1975)	0.25
" Maintenance quinidine dosage may have to be reduced in patients with moderate to severe hepatic cirrhosis, but not in patients receiving propranolol."	( Quinidine pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis or receiving propranolol. Black, M; Humphries, WC; Kessler, KM; Spann, JF, 1978)	0.7
" Dose-response curves of isoprenaline were constructed in nine hypertensive patients before and after either propranolol or metoprolol."	( Effect of selective and non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor blockade on calf blood flow in hypertensive patients. Clement, DL, 1978)	0.47
"The relationship between long-term propranolol hydrochloride therapy and subsequent coronary bypass operation was prospectively investigated in 119 patients who were grouped three ways: propranolol therapy continued in full dosage to operation (group A), propranolol therapy discontinued or tapered 24 to 72 hours preoperatively (group B), and no preoperative propranolol therapy (control group)."	( Preoperative propranolol therapy and aortocoronary bypass operation. Keats, AS; Ott, E; Slogoff, S, 1978)	0.9
"From a study on the interrelationship between electroshock-induced convulsions, autonomic function, catecholamines, and cardiovascular homeostasis in dogs, the authors found that: (1) the asystole of electroshock (ES) was significnatly prolonged by high spinal anesthesia but not by relative alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade; (2) increased levels of circulating catecholamines were solely responsible for the marked hypertensive response to ES, since the pressor effect could be blocked by preventing the release of catecholamines with high spinal anesthesia or by inhibiting alpha-adrenergic receptors with phenoxybenzamine; (3) the adrenal medulla appeared to be the source of most of the ES-induced increase in circulating catecholamines; (4) the asystole and arrhythmias of ES were a cholinergic effect, since they were blocked by atropine; (5) there was a dose-response relationship between the coulombs of electricity administered and the catecholamine and cardiovascular responses; and (6) that the adverse cardiovascular effects of ES therapy could be ameliorated pharmacologically."	( Autonomic blockade and the cardiovascular and catecholamine response to electroshock. Anton, AH; Redderson, CL; Uy, DS, )	0.13
" When falls in blood pressure and plasma propranolol concentration were compared overall, a biphasic dose-response relationship was noted, with a first component at plasma propranolol concentrations of 3 to 30 ng/ml and a second at concentrations above 30 ng/ml."	( Pathophysiologic and pharmacokinetic determinants of the antihypertensive response to propranolol. DeQuattro, V; Esler, M; Randall, O; Zweifler, A, 1977)	0.75
" We conclude that the cardioselectivity of tolamolol is dose-limited but is present at the dosage of 50 mg, which is equivalent to the usual antiarrhythmic beta-adrenergic blocking dose of propranolol (40 mg)."	( Beta-adrenergic blockade of the lung. Dose-dependent cardioselectivity of tolamolol in asthma. Chester, EH; Fleming, GM; Jones, PK; Schwartz, HJ, 1978)	0.45
" The results clearly indicate that at the dosage used, the four antiarrhythmic agents (quinidine, disopyramide, prajmaliumbitartrate, propafenone) exert a negative inotropic effect on left ventricular function as far as it can be judged from the measurement of STI."	( [The effect of some antiarrhythmic drugs on systolic time intervals in normal subjects (author's transl)]. Breithardt, G; Jochum, E; Kuhn, H; Seipel, L, 1978)	0.26
" Mean duration of treatment was 16 months (range 8--36) and mean dosage 163 mg/day."	( Long-term clinical experience with atenolol--a new selective beta-1-blocker with few side-effects from the central nervous system. Henningsen, NC; Mattiasson, I, 1979)	0.26
"In a double-blind, crossover, randomized study, the therapeutic effectiveness of a single daily dose of slow-release oxprenolol (160 mg/day) was compared with a conventional dosage schedule of propranolol (40 mg three times daily) in eighteen patients with uncomplicated, stable exercise-induced angina pectoris."	( Comparison of clinical effects of propranolol (Inderal) with once daily slow-release oxprenolol (Slow Trasicor) in angina pectoris. de Feijter, PJ; Majid, PA; Roos, JP; van der Wall, EE; Wardeh, R, 1979)	0.73
"The effect of conventional propranolol tablets given twice daily has been compared with an equivalent dosage of a long-acting formulation of propranolol ('Inderal' LA)p given once daily in twenty-nine patients with mild to moderate hypertension."	( Comparison of a once daily long-acting formulation of propranolol with conventional propranolol given twice daily in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Douglas-Jones, AP, 1979)	0.81
"Pharmacokinetic methods that have been used to improve antihypertensive drug therapy, including antihypertensive dosage regimens, are reviewed."	( Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. V: Contributions to developing dosage regimens for antihypertensive drugs. Schumacher, GE, 1979)	0.26
" Beta-blockers showed little evidence of useful antiarrhythmic action in the dosage used, but increasing the dosage in suspected myocardial infarction is not practicable because of the risk of hypotension."	( Effect of beta-blockers on arrhythmias during six weeks after suspected myocardial infarction. Banks, DC; Edwards, B; Fentem, PH; Hampton, JR; Roland, JM; Wilcox, RG, 1979)	0.26
" With thiazide dosage constant throughout, maximal dose titration to 386."	( Hemodynamic effects of oxprenolol and propranolol in hypertension. Franciosa, JA; Johnson, SM; Tobian, LJ, 1979)	0.53
" The maximum oral dose of captopril was 450 mg daily and the maximum oral dosage of propranolol was 360 mg daily."	( Comparison of captopril with propranolol in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. Seedat, YK, 1979)	0.78
" A heart rate in the 50s does not preclude an increase in the dosage of propranolol when necessary."	( Pathophysiology and medical management of angina pectoris. Brest, AN; Duca, PR; Gottlieb, RS, 1977)	0.49
"More recent investigations on the duration of effect and plasma half-life of propranolol suggest a simplification of dosage for the beta-blocker in the treatment of hypertension."	( [Treatment of hypertension with propranolol in internal medicine and general practice. A field trial with a simplified twice daily administration of Dociton 80 (author's transl)]. Hiemstra, S; Steichele, C; Ziegler, E, 1977)	0.77
" The fall in blood pressure during beta-adrenergic blockade with a low dosage of propranolol apparently does not depend on changed baroreflex sensitivity, but on the intrinsic action of this drug on beta-receptors."	( Baroreflex sensitivity in hypertension during beta-adrenergic blockade. Dunning, AJ; Krediet, RT, 1979)	0.49
" The slopes of the dose-response curves of insulin and parathyroid hormone were indistinguishable and different from that of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3."	( Hypercalcemic effect of insulin in the chick. Hawrylko, J; Hinton, A; Palmieri, GM, 1979)	0.26
" It is important to know how the pharmacokinetics of a drug vary with different disease states so that appropriate adjustments to dosage can be made."	( Series on pharmacology in practice. 2. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Federman, J; Vlietstra, RE, 1979)	0.26
" There was no correlation between reactivity, which reflects the slope of the dose-response curve beyond the threshold dose, and threshold doses, nor between the initial RL (normalized for lung volume) and either threshold or reactivity."	( Variability of airway responses to inhaled histamine in normal subjects. Engel, LA; Habib, MP; Paré, PD, 1979)	0.26
" With the use of semilogarithmic dose-response curves they have shown that 80 mg oral propranolol augmented, whereas oral pretreatment with 400 mg W10294A (an experimental bronchodilator) decreased, histamine and methacholine-induced airway constriction."	( Modification of induced airway constriction in healthy subjects. Bouhuys, A; Littner, MR; Schachter, EN, 1979)	0.48
" After a placebo control period, propranolol was begun and the dosage increased sequentially until arrhythmia suppression was achieved, side effects appeared, or a maximum dosage of 960 mg/day was reached."	( Suppression of chronic ventricular arrhythmias with propranolol. Higgins, SB; Kornhauser, D; Nies, AS; Oates, JA; Reele, S; Shand, DG; Smith, R; Woosley, RL, 1979)	0.79
" Daily dosage varied among the patients, but the mean dose was 308 mg (+/- 51 SEM)."	( Spurious hyperbilirubinemia in uremic patients on propranolol therapy. McKinney, TD; Stone, WJ; Warnock, LG, 1979)	0.51
"A patient with severe narcolepsy and cataplexy had been treated with a high dosage of methylphenidate hydrochloride, but the drug was not effective."	( Successful treatment of narcolepsy with propranolol: a case report. Cadieux, R; Kales, A; Soldatos, CR; Tan, TL, 1979)	0.53
" If the MAP was more than 108 mm Hg at the end of the week, dosage of the beta-blocker was doubled the following week; when necessary, doubling was repeated to a maximum dose of 640 mg propranolol and 400 mg atenolol daily."	( Effects of atenolol and propranolol when added to long-term antihypertensive diuretic therapy. Boer, P; Dorhout Mees, EJ; Geyskes, GG; van Rooijen, GJ, 1979)	0.76
" When nifedipine dosage was decreased."	( Nifedipine therapy for refractory coronary arterial spasm. Heupler, FA; Proudfit, WL, 1979)	0.26
" Propranolol and timolol produced a dose-dependent increase of atrial and atrioventricular nodal refractory periods; dose-response curves were parallel."	( Effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agents propranolol and timolol on canine cardiac refractory periods. Cheymol, G; Heckle, J; Jaillon, P; Weissenburger, J, 1979)	1.43
"Five dialysis patients with residual hypertension were treated with a new sustained-release formulation of propranolol (160 mg per capsule) in a dosage of 1 to 2 capsules per day."	( Raynaud's phenomenon in hypertensive dialysis patients taking a sustained-release propranolol formulation. Gabriel, R; Poulter, N, 1979)	0.7
"7 years) with severe essential hypertension (n = 21) and renovascular hypertension (n = 1) were treated with a mean daily dosage of 16."	( [Minoxidil in treatment resistant hypertension]. Furrer, J; Nussberger, J; Reuteler, H; Siegenthaler, W; Studer, A; Tenschert, W; Vetter, W, 1979)	0.26
" These differences were maintained on repeated dosing for 8 days."	( Observations on some properties of a long-acting preparation of propranolol. Leahey, WJ; Neill, JD; Shanks, RG; Varma, MP, 1979)	0.5
" Dose-response experiments with six doses of histamine and two doses of the beta2-agonist showed unchanged calculated maximal response and an increase in D50."	( Effects of beta2-sympathomimetic on histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in dogs. Gottrup, F; Ornsholt, J, 1979)	0.26
" Dose-response experiments with 6 doses of pentagastrin and 1 dose of salmefamol showed a decrease in calculated maximal response (CMR) and an unchanged D50."	( Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in dogs by a new sympathomimetic drug. Gottrup, F; Ornsholt, J, 1978)	0.26
" However, the dose-response curve to EPI was shifted horizontally to the right 4 days after mating suggesting a tissue desensitization."	( The absence of sensitivity changes of the rabbit oviduct to phenylephrine and isoproterenol during early gestation. Heilman, RD; Reo, RR, 1977)	0.26
" Propranolol dosage was titrated to produce maximal beta-adrenergic blockade."	( Efficacy of propranolol in the control of exercise-induced or augmented ventricular ectopic activity. Nixon, JV; Pennington, W; Ritter, W; Shapiro, W, 1978)	1.55
" The alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, shifted the dose-response curve upward and to the left and enhanced the hyperpolarization of RAF."	( Alpha and beta adrenergic effects on human atrial specialized conducting fibers. Bowman, FO; Hordof, AJ; Malm, JR; Mary-Rabine, L; Rosen, MR, 1978)	0.26
"In 16 patients with hypertension, BP could not be controlled satisfactorily by treatment with propranolol alone (mean dosage 325 mg/day)."	( Changes in plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume and after addition of hydralazine to propranolol treatment in patients with hypertension. Ibsen, H; Jensen, HA; Leth, A; Rasmussen, K, 1978)	0.7
"In fifteen patients with hypertension, inadequately controlled during treatment with propranolol alone (mean dosage 333 mg/day), plasma volume (PV) and extracellular fluid volume (ECV) were determined."	( Changes in plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume after addition of prazosin to propranolol treatment in patients with hypertension. Ibsen, H; Jensen, HA; Leth, A; Rasmussen, K, 1978)	0.71
" These doses produced nearly equivalent shifts in isoproterenol-induced chronotropic dose-response curves, indicating equivalent degrees of beta adrenergic blockade."	( Superiority of practolol versus propranolol in protection against ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary occlusion. Gillis, RA; Pearle, DL; Williford, D, 1978)	0.54
"The effect of the use of the so-called heparin lock for blood sampling on the binding of propranolol has been studied and a cumulative dose-response curve to heparin constructed."	( Altered drug binding due to the use of indwelling heparinized cannulas (heparin lock) for sampling. Shand, DG; Wood, AJ; Wood, M, 1979)	0.48
" Although the three treatment regimens were similar with respect to safety and efficacy, the reserpine-hydroflumethiazide combination offers the advantages of more convenient dosage at lower cost."	( Step 2 regimens in hypertension. An assessment. Berry, C; Finnerty, FA; Gyftopoulos, A; McKenney, A, 1979)	0.26
" The hypotensive activity of acebutolol was confirmed when a dosage of 600 mg/day was used, with en absence of side effects."	( [Comparative study of acebutolol and propranolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. Tacquet, A, 1975)	0.53
" This accounts for most of the individual variation in dosage requirements."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol: a review. Shand, DG, 1976)	0.58
" After a two dose trial (Gillam and Prichard, 1966,) demonstrated a dose dependent anti-anginal effect, a log-dose response study demonstrated a progressive reduction in angina attacks as dosage was increased (Prichard and Gillam, 1971)."	( Propranolol in the treatment of angina: a review. Prichard, BN, 1976)	1.7
" Dosage was adjusted to achieve an optimum clinical response and a relatively high degree of beta-blockade, as judged by the virtual abolition of orthostatic and hyperventilatory tachycardia."	( Propranolol in the treatment of anxiety. Suzman, MM, 1976)	1.7
" Midway through each four-week period, drug dosage was doubled; thus, regimes were metoprolol, 150 and 300 mg/day, propranolol, 120 and 240 mg per day and placebo, 3 and 6 tablets per day."	( Assessment of metoprolol, a cardioselective beta-blocking agent, during chronic therapy in patients with angina pectoris. Borer, JS; Comerford, MB; Sowton, E, 1976)	0.47
" In the dosage employed in these patients, propranolol had no demonstrable effect on either thyroid hormone secretion, the peripheral disposal of T4, or the TSH and prl responses to TRH."	( Failure of propranolol to alter thyroid iodine release, thyroxine turnover, or the TSH and PRL responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Dimond, RC; Earll, JM; Frantz, AG; Noel, GL; Wartofsky, L, 1975)	0.91
" Its antianginal effectivess was investigated in 20 patients with documented coronary heart disease in a 44-wk study incorporating a prolonged 12-wk lead-in period, individualization of P dosage in a 6-wk dose-finding period, and a 24-wk doule-blind crossover phase."	( Efficacy of beta adrenergic blockade in coronary heart disease: propranolol in angina pectoris. Amsterdam, EZ; Mason, DT; Miller, RR; Olson, HG; Pratt, CM, 1975)	0.49
"Increments in heart rate during the TNG test (sublingual nitroglycerin with assumption of upright posture), passive head-up tilt, and postrecumbency standing were compared to the effects of intravenous isoproterenol in 15 mild hypertensives during administration of placebo and two dosage levels of propranolol."	( Heart rate responses during treatment of hypertension with propranolol. The clinical usefulness of the nitroglycerin test. Hansson, L; Zweifler, AJ, 1976)	0.67
" When keeping the heart rate constant by means of a pace maker, carbocromen even at higher dosage caused a clear-cut improvement."	( [The effect of carbocromen on the ST segment of the epicardial electrocardiogram in a model of intermitting myocardial ischemia (author's transl)]. Kunath, B; Nitz, RE; Scholtholt, J; Sirbulescu, R, 1976)	0.26
" An attempt to reduce the drug dosage should be made every 6 months, in hospital."	( [Ventricular tachycardia of the infant. 2 new cases]. Bricaud, H; Choussat, A; Clémenty, J; Dallocchio, M; Giraudet, C; Saint-Martin, J, 1976)	0.26
" Sudden cessation of propranolol for short periods may be preferable to tapering the dosage if prolonged periods of sub-optimal beta-adrenoceptor blockade are to be avoided."	( Sudden withdrawal of propranolol in patients with angina pectoris. Myers, MG; Wisenberg, G, 1977)	0.89
" By titrating dosage against the response of blood pressure and pulse rate, propranolol hydrochloride was administered orally at 160 mg/day in four divided doses."	( Blood pressure responses to catecholamines during beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol in hypertensive subjects. DeGuia, D; Mendlowitz, M; Vlachakis, ND, 1977)	0.71
" The dose-response relationship was obtained by measuring a change in membrane resistance."	( Effect of hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus on membrane conductance and mechanical tension of rabbit myocardium. Honda, T; Irisawa, H; Miwatani, T; Seyama, I; Takeda, Y, 1977)	0.26
" In the presence of PBZ or phentolamine blockade, the dose-response curves of oxytocin and VP were shifted to the left, resulting in an apparent doubling of the pressor potency of the neurohypophysial peptides."	( The site and the mechanism of phenoxy-benzamine potentiation of the pressor response to oxytocin and vasopressin: in vivo and isolated aortic strips studies. Chan, WY; Erker, EF, 1977)	0.26
" The average fall in mean arterial pressure for each dosage of hydralazine was no different with or without propranolol, even though propranolol inhibited rises in plasma renin activity and pulse due to hydralazine."	( Synergistic effects of hydralazine and alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockers: the role of plasma renin activity. Chin, BK; Das, B; Gutkin, M; Mezey, K; Modlinger, RS, )	0.34
" Compared with basal anesthesia with pentobarbital, 15 mg/kg, neither morphine nor halothane increased sensitivity to any measured effect of propranolol expressed as the slope of the log dose-response relationship."	( Failure of general anesthesia to potentiate propranolol activity. Bragg, DA; Edmonds, CH; Hibbs, CW; Keats, AS; Slogoff, S, 1977)	0.72
"1 The effects of propranolol and practolol, at equivalent myocardial beta-adrenoceptor blocking doses, (as assessed by the degree of shift of isoprenaline dose-response curves) were investigated in anaesthetized greyhounds before and after acute coronary artery ligation."	( Comparative effects of propranolol and practolol in the early stages of experimental canine myocardial infarction. Marshall, RJ; Parratt, JR, 1976)	0.91
" It is concluded that the effect of propranolol on heart rate is a predictable function of free drug concentration in man and that the contribution of individual variation in receptor sensitivity to differences in oral dosage requirement is minor compared to that of variations in bioavailability."	( Plasma binding and the affinity of propranolol for a beta receptor in man. Frisk-Holmberg, M; Hollifield, JW; McDevitt, DG; Shand, DG, 1976)	0.81
" It can be concluded that echocardiography is a feasible tool in determining changes of left ventricular dynamics during administration of vasoactive drugs, in indicating the individual dosage of a vasoactive drug in each patient and the follow-up the course of the therapeutic success."	( [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function during therapy with cardiovascularly effective drugs]. Stefan, G, 1976)	0.26
" Gallamine caused parallel rightward shifts of the dose-response curves to the agonists, with no depression of the maximal response."	( The inhibitory effect of gallamine on muscarinic receptors. Clark, AL; Mitchelson, F, 1976)	0.26
" Fusaric acid produced a shift to the right and down in the dose-response curves to all tested agonists, and antagonized acetylcholine and serotonin most effectively among these agonists."	( Relaxation of isolated rabbit arteries by fusaric (5-butylpicolinic) acid. Asano, M; Hidaka, H, 1976)	0.26
" By titrating the dosage of both drugs against pulse rate and blood pressure response, propranolol was given between 80 and 160 mg."	( An approach to the treatment of essential hypertension. Mendlowitz, M; Vlachakis, ND, 1976)	0.48
" The effective dosage of propranolol varied between 280 and 2320 mg per day."	( [The effect of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol in mania (author's transl)]. Fritsch, W; Rackensperger, W; Schwarz, D; Stutte, KH; Zerssen, D, 1976)	0.81
"Two infants with the classical involuntary movements of polymyoclonia and opsoclonus were treated with propanolol in a dosage of 2 mg/kg/24 hr."	( Propanolol treatment of infantile polymyoclonia. Fowler, GW, 1976)	0.26
" Although directly related to daily dosage of levodopa, the myoclonus was specifically blocked by the serotonin antagonist, methysergide."	( Levodopa-induced myoclonus. Bergen, D; Goetz, C; Klawans, HL, 1975)	0.25
" Dose-response curves to intravenous infusions of isoproterenol were obtained after three doses of each beta-antagonist."	( Comparison of cardiac effects of timolol and propranolol. Achong, MR; Ogilvie, RI; Piafsky, KM, 1975)	0.51
" Walking exercise induced 1:1 conduction in six patients and was promoted by the following circumstances: 1) atrial rates of 250/min or less; 2) inadequate dosage of digitalis; and 3) the administration of quinidine."	( The influence of exercise on atrial flutter. Gooch, AS; Sumathisena, DR, 1975)	0.25
" The control log dose-response curve for epinephrine stimulation showed a slight decrease in the upper concentration range."	( Rabbit testicular contractions: bimodal interaction of prostaglandin E1 with other agonists. Ellis, LC; Hargrove, JL; Seeley, RR, 1975)	0.25
" No changes in regional contractility occurred with propranolol except for a minimal increase in hypokinesis in one patient at each dosage and equivocal development of a new area of slight hypokinesis in one patient and minimal apex of dyskinesis in another at the higher dosage."	( Left ventricular wall motion response to intravenous propranolol. Dinsmore, RE; Harthorne, JW; Shubrooks, SJ; Zir, LM, 1975)	0.75
" Treatment of the strips with 5-HK in concentrations higher than 2 X 10- minus 6 M shifted the dose-response curve of serotonin to the right and downward."	( Analysis of the effect of 5-hydroxykynurenamine,, a serotonin metabolite, on isolated cerebral arteries, aortas and atria. Toda, N, 1975)	0.25
"The haemodynamic effects of intravenous propranolol at low dosage (1 and 2 mg) have been evaluated on 14 patients in the acute stage of myocardial infarction."	( Evaluation of haemodynamic effects of intravenous propranolol at low dosage (1 and 2 mg) in acute myocardial infarction. Letac, B; Letournel, J, 1975)	0.77
" In contrast, dose-response data from fasted rabbits have shown that EPI is more potent than ISO in increasing plasma glucose levels and in lowering hepatic glycogen levels."	( The influence of propranolol on catecholamine-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the rabbit. Ellis, S; Moratinos, J; Potter, DE, )	0.47
"The intrarenal distribution of blood flow in the baboon was measured using the 133xenon clearance technique, and dose-response curves for the various components of renal blood flow were determined during intra-arterial infusions of noradrenaline; the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine; the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol; and tyramine which causes the release of endogenous NA."	( The effect of noradrenaline, adrenergic blocking agents, and tyramine on the intrarenal distribution of blood flow in the baboon. Bomzon, L; Farr, J; Rosendorff, C; Scriven, DR, 1975)	0.43
" Whereas contractility increased in response to small doses of digitalis, displaying a linear dose-response relation independent of autonomic tone, A-V nodal transmission indexes responded minimally to less than 50 percent of the toxic dose of digitalis, and the response was dependent upon autonomic tone."	( Dissociation of the inotropic effect of digitalis from its effect on atrioventricular conduction. Kim, YI; Noble, RJ; Zipes, DP, 1975)	0.25
" Phenoxybenzamine also blocked the response to NA but a dose-response relationship was not apparent."	( Effect of intraventricular administration of noradrenaline on water diuresis in goats. Peeters, G; Vandeputte-Van Messon, G, 1975)	0.25
" At all dosage levels its effect on blood pressure was biphasic."	( Influence of some antidepressant drugs on the circulatory system. I. Imipramine. Banaszkiewicz, W; Grzymislawska, I; Mrozikiewicz, A, 1975)	0.25
" In a dosage of 300 mg a day orally trapymin had no clear influence on the non-esterified fatty acids."	( [Influence of coronary-effective substances on the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in the serum of patients with angina pectoris]. Heiland, G; Modersohn, D; Pankau, H; Urbaszek, W, 1975)	0.25
"A double-blind trial of propranolol, in a dosage of 120 mg a day, and placebo was conducted in 11 patients with essential tremor."	( Essential tremor: treatment with propranolol. Loewenson, RB; Tolosa, ES, 1975)	0.84
" The dose-response curve of TM was parallel to that of nitroglycerin and papaverine and steeper than that of dipyridamol or adenosine."	( [Pharmacology of cornary dilator agent, trapymin. (2) Analysis of its mode of action]. Ogawa, N; Ohnishi, H; Tsukuda, S; Yamaguchi, K, 1975)	0.25
" Intraventricular injection of phenylephrine produced a dose-dependent hypothermia, whereas no dose-response relationship was obtained by isoproterenol."	( [Role of brain biogenic amines in the central thermoregulatory mechanism of the rat (author's transl)]. Fukushima, N, 1975)	0.25
" In general, the dosage of propranolol must be individually adjusted and is usually from 30 to 40 mg daily in divided doses."	( Control of lithium tremor with propranolol. Lapierre, YD, 1976)	0.84
" The bioavailability of tablets and a solution of propranolol was compared with a crossover design by obtaining plasma samples at the end of the dosage interval during chronic oral administration of various doses."	( Disposition of propoxyphene and propranolol in children. Atwood, GF; Shand, DG; Wilson, JT, 1976)	0.79
" After 3 weeks, the dosage could be doubled according to clinical criteria."	( Efficacy of nicorandil versus propranolol in mild stable angina pectoris of effort: a long-term, double-blind, randomized study. Bucx, JJ; Henneman, JA; Hugenholtz, PG; Kelder, JC; Kerker, JP; Meeter, K; Tijssen, JG, 1992)	0.57
" In pithed rats, naftopidil shifted the dose-response curve of methoxamine at equipotent hypotensive doses to the same extent to the right as does prazosin, but both drugs barely affected (in contrast to phentolamine) the response to norepinephrine."	( Naftopidil, a new adrenoceptor blocking agent with Ca(2+)-antagonistic properties: interaction with adrenoceptors. Borbe, HO; Freud, P; Jakob, B; Müller-Beckmann, B; Sponer, G, 1992)	0.28
" The pA2 values of the beta adrenergic antagonists propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol were calculated from the rightward shifts that they impose on dose-response curves of both l-isoproterenol and CGP12177."	( Multiple beta adrenergic receptor subclasses mediate the l-isoproterenol-induced lipolytic response in rat adipocytes. Van Liefde, I; Van Witzenburg, A; Vauquelin, G, 1992)	0.54
" The optimal dose should be determined on a case-by-case basis, by increasing the daily dosage gradually."	( [Beta-blockers and migraine]. Bousser, MG; Massiou, H, 1992)	0.28
" Nipradilol, at the dosage used in the present study, did not appear to exert a nitrovasodilating effect to enhance the portal pressure reduction induced by beta-blocking action."	( Long-term haemodynamic effects of a 4-week regimen of nipradilol, a new beta-blocker with nitrovasodilating properties, in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. A comparative study with propranolol. Aramaki, T; Katsuta, Y; Komeichi, H; Kurokawa, H; Ohsuga, M; Okumura, H; Satomura, K; Sekiyama, T; Terada, H; Tsutsui, H, 1992)	0.47
" Dose-response curves show similar sensitivity, but decreased responsiveness in the lean animal."	( Food intake of lean and obese Zucker rats following ventricular infusions of adrenergic agonists. Bray, GA; Tsujii, S, 1992)	0.28
"Spontaneous motor activity of normotensive and renovascular hypertensive baboons was measured during oral dosing with the beta-adrenergic antagonists atenolol HCl (2."	( Beta-blocker effects on 24-h activity in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive baboons. Allen, RP; Bezold, HJ; Hienz, RD; Turkkan, JS, 1992)	0.28
" After the administration of carvedilol on day 8, the cirazoline vasopressor response was 2 +/- 1 mmHg and the isoproterenol-induced tachycardia was 4 +/- 3 beats/min, indicating effective alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic blockade after chronic dosing with carvedilol."	( Single and repeated doses of the vasodilator/beta-adrenergic antagonist, carvedilol, block cirazoline- and isoproterenol-mediated hemodynamic responses in the conscious rat. Gagnon, R; Slivjak, MJ; Smith, EF, 1992)	0.28
"Repeated acquisition behavioral performances of normotensive and renovascular hypertensive baboons were tested before, during, and following chronic oral dosing with the beta-adrenergic antagonists atenolol HCl (2."	( Performance of baboons under a repeated acquisition procedure during chronic oral exposure to atenolol and propranolol. Hienz, RD; Turkkan, JS, 1992)	0.5
" isoproterenol tachycardia dose-response curves by dose ratios of 5, 18, and 90 in sham rabbits, respectively, and 5, 11, and 23 in wrap rabbits, respectively, indicating significant cardiac beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonism."	( Relationship between the sympatholytic action of nebivolol and hypotension. Angus, JA; Coles, P; Cox, H; Eisenhofer, G; Ward, JE, 1992)	0.28
" There were no significant differences between ET and SED cardiac preparations in either the efficacy (maximal response) or potency (EC50) of isoproterenol dose-response relationships for chronotropic or inotropic responses."	( Adrenergic responsiveness and intrinsic sinoatrial automaticity of exercise-trained rats. Adams, HR; Allert, JA; Laughlin, MH; Schaefer, ME, 1992)	0.28
" Selection of the dosage was individual under the control of circulation parameters."	( [The action of the new beta-adrenoblocker Lopressor on the hemodynamics of hypertension patients]. Maev, IV; V'iuchnova, ES, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response curves for phentolamine and propranolol established maximally effective doses (3."	( Influence of sympatho-adrenal system on insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic clamp technique. Funado, T; Iguchi, A; Iida, T; Kato, K; Kusunoki, M; Oshida, Y; Sakamoto, N; Sato, Y; Suga, T, 1992)	0.55
" Blood glucose increased in metoprolol treated healthy and liver damaged rats after a single dosage likewise following prolonged treatment."	( Metoprolol and propranolol treatment in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. Kulcsár, A; Kulcsár-Gergely, J, 1992)	0.64
" In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the tremorolytic efficacy of propranolol has been assessed by a quantitative accelerometric method after a single oral dose (120 mg) and following 2 weeks of sustained treatment with two different dosage regimens of the drug (120 and 240 mg daily)."	( Effect of propranolol in head tremor: quantitative study following single-dose and sustained drug administration. Baratti, M; Calzetti, S; Fava, R; Negrotti, A; Sasso, E, 1992)	0.92
" After propranolol administration eight patients exhibited a significant maxPFV decrease, whereas the other four patients exhibited only a drop in HR, suggesting either drug inefficacy, inappropriate dosage or inadequate duration of treatment."	( Duplex-Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and in the analysis of their response to drugs. Cioni, G; Cristani, A; D'Alimonte, P; Romagnoli, R; Ventura, E; Ventura, P; Vignoli, A; Zerbinati, F, )	0.59
" It was concluded that bepridil, at a mean maintenance dosage of 324 mg/day, was at least as effective as propranolol in improving exercise tolerance--specifically time to angina and total work--and that tolerability of the 2 drugs was comparable."	( Comparative efficacy and concomitant use of bepridil and beta blockers in the management of angina pectoris. Frishman, WH, 1992)	0.5
" Venom doses of 100 and 200 micrograms/kg produced tachycardia with a dose-response relationship, whereas 400 micrograms/kg evoked sinus tachycardia followed by bradycardia then tachycardia."	( Effect of scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H&E) venom on rat's heart rate and blood pressure. Abdel-Rahman, MS; Nabil, ZI; Omran, MA, 1992)	0.28
" The Q-T interval developed a dose-response relationship after venom administration."	( The role of propranolol and atropine in mitigating the toxic effects of scorpion venom on rat electrocardiogram. Abdel-Rahman, MS; Nabil, ZI; Omran, MA, 1992)	0.66
" The effect of twice-daily dosing with propranolol on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of sumatriptan was investigated in 10 healthy male subjects."	( Lack of an interaction between propranolol and sumatriptan. Breckenridge, AM; Fowler, PA; Lacey, LF; Scott, AK; Walley, T, 1991)	0.84
"Determination of the alpha-adrenergic blocking potency of drugs in humans is usually done by measuring the shift in the blood pressure versus logarithm of intravenous phenylephrine dose-response relationship."	( Determination of alpha-adrenergic blocking potency. Brodie, CL; Jamieson, MJ; Kwan, CM; Shepherd, AM, 1991)	0.28
" This phenomenon contributes to the normal dose-response curve for epinephrine, according to our analysis, but only in combination with the apparent high efficiency of the receptor in the epinephrine-bound state at cyclase activation."	( Comparisons of the combined contributions of agonist binding frequency and intrinsic efficiency to receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase. Barber, R; Stickle, D, 1991)	0.28
" In an intravenous cumulative dose-response study of TA-870, the plasma-free-dopamine concentration was elevated depending on the dose of TA-870."	( A novel orally active dopamine prodrug TA-870. III. Positive inotropic effect and cardiorenal selectivity in anesthetized dogs. Akimoto, Y; Nakajima, H; Nishiyama, S; Yamaguchi, I; Yoshikawa, M, 1990)	0.28
"The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate the dose-response effect of isradipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on the heart rate and blood pressure of males with mild to moderate hypertension; and (b) to compare these results with those obtained with propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, on a matched patient population."	( Isotonic and isometric responses of blood pressure and heart rate in mild to moderate hypertension with isradipine and propranolol. Cantor, A; Cristal, N, 1990)	0.67
"75, 10 and 30mg) of cilazapril reduced diastolic blood pressure dose-dependently and shifted the angiotensin I dose-response curves to the right."	( Clinical pharmacodynamic studies with cilazapril and a combination of cilazapril and propranolol. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, KA; Essig, J, 1991)	0.51
" The non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) (1 mM) resulted in a more severe suppression of the histamine and pilocarpine responses and also produced a significant suppression of the maximal response to oxotremorine and a small shift in the carbachol dose-response curve."	( Beta-adrenoceptor induced inhibition of muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide metabolism is agonist specific in bovine tracheal smooth muscle. Chilvers, ER; Nahorski, SR; Offer, GJ, 1991)	0.28
"The efficacy of a controlled-release topical dosage form of glyceryl trinitrate (Nitroglycerin Transdermal Therapeutic System, Nitroderm TTS, NTG-TTS; CAS 55-63-0) was studied in the experimental model of congestive heart failure in beagles."	( Efficacy of the glyceryl trinitrate transdermal therapeutic system in a dog model of heart failure. Inukai, T; Katahira, J; Nakao, K; Tanaka, M, 1991)	0.28
" At dosage levels similar to arotinolol, both pindolol and labetalol were less effective in preventing cerebral lesions despite lower blood pressure."	( Prevention of cerebral stroke by arotinolol in salt-loaded SHRSP. Hara, Y; Maniwa, T; Miyagishi, A; Noguchi, T, 1991)	0.28
" To characterize the GHRP dose-response curve and compare it with that of GH-releasing hormone [GHRH-(1-44)NH2], six unanesthetized young adult cynomolgus macaques were tested with a range of iv doses of GHRP or GHRH in random order."	( Growth hormone (GH) responses to the hexapeptide GH-releasing peptide and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the cynomolgus macaque: evidence for non-GHRH-mediated responses. Hao, EH; Liu, L; Malozowski, S; Marin, G; Merriam, GR; Ren, SG; Southers, JL, 1991)	0.28
"Antiarrhythmic therapy was chosen for 3-7 days by modified chronic electrophysiological study at three stages: (1) the efficacy of a drug, its action onset and termination were defined; (2) a dosage was chosen on an individual basis and the duration of drug potency was specified; (3) the dosage regimen of a drug given as a course therapy was confirmed by the results of trials."	( [Evaluation of the possibility of selection of individual anti-arrhythmia therapy]. Antonchenko, IV; Borisova, EV; Chekhov, AM; Gimrikh, EO; Plekhanov, IG; Popov, SV; Savenkova, GM, 1991)	0.28
" Dose-response lines in response to the two agonists, expressed as percent maximal contraction, did not differ among the groups."	( Muscarinic-receptor functioning in tracheas from normal and ovalbumin-sensitive guinea pigs. Biggs, DF; Yang, ZJ, 1991)	0.28
" The provocation dose at a decrease in sGaw of 50% (PD50) was calculated from the dose-response curve."	( [Comparison of the characteristics of methacholine and of propranolol in the assessment of aspecific hyperreactivity of the airways]. Laxy, T; Schultze-Werninghaus, G; Siekmeier, R, 1991)	0.53
" Two consecutive dose-response curves at 20 min apart were determined in the control group."	( Evidence for vasoactive intestinal peptide as a mediator of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission in the trachea. Holmes, EP; O'Malley, NA; Venugopalan, CS, 1990)	0.28
" Numerous questions concerning the exact indications of these drugs, the nature and dosage of the beta-blocker to be used, the possible combinations with other therapies and the responses to be expected remain to be answered."	( [Beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure]. Grosgogeat, Y; Komajda, M; Lechat, P; Salloum, J, 1990)	0.28
" However, propranolol significantly shifted the methacholine dose-response curve to the left so that methacholine (0."	( Pulmonary reactivity to methacholine during beta-adrenergic blockade: propranolol versus esmolol. Hirshman, CA; Sauder, RA; Tobias, JD, 1990)	0.92
" Prazosin produced a dose-response decrease in EAD amplitude and reduced the prevalence of VT."	( Alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation and blockade modulates cesium-induced early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs. Ben-David, J; Zipes, DP, 1990)	0.28
" In I, four cumulative noradrenaline (NA) dose-response curves (10(-9) to 10(-3) M) were constructed."	( Reversal of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol in isolated rat pulmonary artery. Abdelrahman, A; Nguyen, H; Pang, CC, 1990)	0.54
" However, the dose-response curves to phentolamine and the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist UK 14,304 on stimulus-induced overflow from the kidney were not significantly different after NE treatment."	( Effects of chronic norepinephrine administration on sympathetic neurotransmission in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Eikenburg, DC, 1990)	0.28
" Addition of (+)-propranolol to nonoxynol-9 shifted the dose-response curve to the left of the curves for either component alone, and a surprising synergistic action was evident."	( Comparative effects of (+)-propranolol and nonoxynol-9 on human sperm motility in-vitro. Curtis-Prior, PB; Gadd, AL, 1990)	0.92
"5 mM (+)- propranolol to nonoxynol-9, the dose-response curve moved to the left of the curves for either (+)-propranolol and nonoxynol-9 alone."	( Comparative effects of (+)-propranolol and nonoxynol-9 on human sperm motility in-vitro. Curtis-Prior, PB; Gadd, AL, 1990)	0.98
"We have investigated the effects of 8-OH-DPAT in the mouse isolated vas deferens preparation and found it to possess a biphasic (initial inhibition followed by potentiation) dose-response curve."	( Dopamine agonist activity of 8-OH-DPAT. Cutts, S; Smith, CF, )	0.13
" Findings show that timing recommendations for dosing in relation to meals are not considered in these institutions when drug administration schedules are established."	( Drug administration in relation to meals in the institutional setting. Kinder, S; Lubischer, A; Strong, A; Wolff, H, 1991)	0.28
" Characteristic dose-response curves for acetylcholine showing greater negative inotropic response with dose were seen."	( The effects of AF-DX 116, a cardioselective muscarinic antagonist, on the negative inotropic action of acetylcholine. Baskin, SI; Thomsen, RH, 1991)	0.28
" Daily dosage was determined by the administration of progressively increasing doses of propranolol with the hepatic vein catheter in place to achieve a 25% decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient, a decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient to less than 12 mm Hg or a decrease in resting heart rate to less than 55 beats/min."	( Propranolol in the prevention of the first hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial. The Boston-New Haven-Barcelona Portal Hypertension Study Group. Bosch, J; Conn, HO; Fisher, RL; Garcia-Tsao, G; Grace, ND; Groszmann, RJ; Matloff, DS; Navasa, M; Rodés, J; Wright, SC, 1991)	1.95
" In a double-blind dose-finding study, 58 patients were treated in five consecutive dosage steps each lasting 1-3 months."	( Responders and non-responders to metoprolol, propranolol and nifedipine treatment in migraine prophylaxis: a dose-range study based on time-series analysis. Diener, HC; Gerber, WD; Niederberger, U; Scholz, E, 1991)	0.54
" However, a dose-response curve to methacholine is helpful."	( Characteristics of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in asthma. Anderson, SD; Du Toit, JI; Peat, JK; Salome, CM; Smith, CM; Woolcock, AJ; Zhang, YG, 1991)	0.28
"Responsiveness to inhaled histamine and DL propranolol hydrochloride was measured in 31 adult asthmatics and compared with bronchoconstriction provoked by acute oral propranolol dosing (max 160 mg)."	( Bronchoconstriction of the asthmatic airway by inhaled and ingested propranolol. Latimer, KM; Ruffin, RE, 1990)	0.78
" After an initial placebo phase, 40 mg d-propranolol was administered orally every 6 h with dosage increased every 2 d until arrhythmia suppression (greater than or equal to 80% VED reduction), intolerable side effects, or a maximal dosage (1,280 mg/d) was reached."	( Suppression of ventricular arrhythmias in man by d-propranolol independent of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Barbey, JT; Koshakji, RP; Lineberry, MD; Murray, KT; Reilly, C; Roden, DM; Siddoway, LA; Wood, AJ; Woosley, RL, 1990)	0.8
" No change in slope of the phenylephrine dose-response curve was noted; however, consistent with the dose ratio, verapamil shifted the curve to the right with a decrease in the y intercept determined by linear regression (60."	( Forearm vascular alpha 1-adrenergic blockade by verapamil. Abernethy, DR; Winterbottom, LM, 1990)	0.28
" Patients were chosen randomly to receive oral propranolol (in a dosage to reduce resting pulse rate by 25%) or to undergo long-term injection sclerotherapy."	( A controlled trial of oral propranolol compared with injection sclerotherapy for the long-term management of variceal bleeding. Gimson, AE; Hayes, PC; Hayllar, K; Polson, RJ; Westaby, D; Williams, R, 1990)	0.83
" Under a single dosage regimen, subjects were administered either a single capsule containing controlled release propranolol equivalent to 160 mg of the drug or 80 mg of conventional propranolol tablet, twelve hourly."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of conventional and controlled release dosage form of propranolol. Chattaraj, SC; Das, SK, 1990)	0.72
" In potassium loaded, ureter-ligated dogs, heparin increases transmembrane potassium transfer as effectively as does a dosage of atropine large enough to cross the blood-brain barrier and its influence on potassium transfer, like that of atropine, is suppressed by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade."	( Heparin mediates transmembrane potassium transfer in hyperkalemic dogs. Hiatt, JR; Hiatt, N, 1990)	0.28
" The results suggest that metoprolol can be safely used and offers the advantages of desired clinical response, shorter preoperative preparation time, simplicity of dosage and shorter postoperative hospital stay in comparison to propranolol for preoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism."	( The role of selective beta 1-blocker in the preoperative preparation of thyrotoxicosis: a comparative study with propranolol. Arya, R; Garg, KM; Godha, U; Jain, S; Mathur, P; Vickers, P, )	0.53
"The influence of sustained absorption on the oral availability of propranolol (P) and the metabolic disposition of P were investigated by obtaining the partial metabolic clearances (CLm) following long-acting P (LA) dosing in comparison with the conventional propranolol tablet (CP)."	( Decreased absorption as a possible cause for the lower bioavailability of a sustained-release propranolol. Kashiwada, K; Ogata, H; Ohira, M; Someya, K; Takahashi, H; Warabioka, R, 1990)	0.74
" These effects have different dose-response relationships."	( Acute and chronic effects of propranolol on extinction of rewarded running in the rat. Salmon, P; Terry, P; Wray, N, 1990)	0.57
" Dose-response curves for negative chronotropic action of adenosine in the sinus node and ventricular pacemakers were obtained in group 1 under base-line conditions, during isoproterenol infusion, and after subsequent administration of propranolol; in group 2 before and after administration of quinidine; in group 3 before and after administration of aminophylline; and in group 4 before and after administration of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine amine congener (XAC)."	( Differential sensitivity of cardiac pacemakers to exogenous adenosine in vivo. Dreifus, LS; Hurt, C; Michelson, EL; Miyagawa, A; Pelleg, A, 1990)	0.46
"In the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens, 10(-5) M cocaine shifted the dose-response curve to norepinephrine to the left and enhanced the maximal contractions to norepinephrine and methacholine."	( Propranolol blocks cocaine-induced potentiation of the contraction in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. Gomi, Y; Inagaki, O; Kasuya, Y; Ono, K; Suzuki, N, 1990)	1.72
" However, following 3-6 months of sustained treatment a proportion of patients required an increase in daily dosage of propranolol in order to maintain adequate symptomatic control of tremor, indicating a relative decrease in tremorolytic efficacy of the drug possibly due to long-term tolerance."	( Clinical and computer-based assessment of long-term therapeutic efficacy of propranolol in essential tremor. Baratti, M; Calzetti, S; Fava, R; Sasso, E, 1990)	0.72
" 2) No significant correlation between dosage and serum concentration of propranolol was observed, and the effective serum concentrations of propranolol were found to be different on each individual."	( [A medical treatment of esophageal varices by propranolol]. Kimura, K; Ueno, N; Yamanaka, T, 1990)	0.77
" Dose-response curves were constructed both for the autonomic agonists and the histamine-releasing agents."	( Characterization of purified dog mastocytoma cells. Autonomic membrane receptors and pharmacologic modulation of histamine release. Barnes, PJ; Gold, WM; Phillips, MJ, 1985)	0.27
" Propranolol also inhibited contractions to Ca in high K-containing solution and shifted the dose-response curve to the right."	( Inhibitory action of propranolol on the contractions induced by nerve stimulations or calcium in the smooth muscle of rat vas deferens. Inagaki, O; Kasuya, Y; Suzuki, N, 1986)	1.5
" In dose-response curves, the isoproterenol-sensitive K+ efflux was half-maximally inhibited (IC50) with 2-5 X 10(-10) M of isoproterenol concentration."	( Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors inhibits calcium-dependent potassium-channels in mouse macrophages. Braquet, P; Dausse, JP; Garay, R; Hannaert, P; Rosati, C, 1986)	0.27
" When dosing regimens that produced stable plasma levels of both drugs were used, the observed effects were closely related to the plasma concentrations of the individual agents."	( Nifedipine-propranolol interaction: dependence of cardiovascular effects on plasma drug concentrations. Hamann, SR; Kaltenborn, KE; McAllister, RG, 1987)	0.66
" Ventricular function as assessed by echocardiography during drug dosing showed no significant changes from placebo."	( Comparison of ethmozine to propranolol and the combination for ventricular arrhythmias. Butman, SM; Gardin, JM; Knoll, ML, 1987)	0.57
" Isoprenaline potency was increased by the sheep fat-supplemented diet, which induced significant three- to eightfold leftward parallel shifts of isoprenaline dose-response curves for papillary muscle and left atrial inotropy and right atrial chronotropy."	( Dietary lipid modulation of myocardial beta-adrenergic mechanisms, Ca2+-dependent automaticity, and arrhythmogenesis in the marmoset. Abeywardena, MY; Charnock, JS; McLennan, PL; McMurchie, EJ, 1987)	0.27
" However, the dose-response curves of salbutamol on the venous and arterial systems overlapped, indicating that the increase in venous return represents a combination of properties common to both beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptors."	( Dopamine and norepinephrine increase venous return by stimulating alpha and beta adrenoceptors in the dog. Banning, JW; Morgan, JP; Roebel, LE; Van Maanen, EF, 1988)	0.27
" After a control period of 10 days, NTP was started with 20 mg twice a day and titrated to the maximal dosage of 2 X 40 mg/day."	( Nitrendipine treatment in so-called therapy-resistant arterial hypertension; effect as monotherapy and in combination with propranolol on blood pressure, heart rate, other hemodynamic parameters, plasma renin activity, and catecholamines. Faulhaber, HD; Gruner, R; Hartrodt, W; Homuth, V; Menz, M; Mohnike, W; Naumann, E; Schmidt, J, 1988)	0.48
" Dosage of each agent was titrated to achieve optimal clinic BP control and this dose was maintained for the duration of the study."	( The efficacy and duration of action of sustained-release verapamil in essential hypertension. Atkins, N; Latham, AN; McCormack, PM; Mee, F; O'Brien, ET; O'Malley, K, 1989)	0.28
" The dose-response curve for this action is comparable to that of propranolol."	( Cellular electrophysiology and beta-adrenergic-blocking activity of dilevalol, the R,R-isomer of labetalol, on isolated canine cardiac tissues. Dangman, KH; Zaim, S, 1989)	0.51
" Dose-response experiments revealed that insulin stimulated D-glucose transport and 2-deoxyglucose uptake between 10(-11) and 10(-7) M with a maximal four- to sixfold stimulation."	( Stimulation of glucose transport by insulin and norepinephrine in isolated rat brown adipocytes. Bukowiecki, LJ; Marette, A, 1989)	0.28
" Methacholine dose-response curves (10(-11) to 10(-7) mol iv) obtained at the conclusion of the experiments were similar among capsaicin, phosphoramidon, and control groups."	( Tachykinins mediate bronchoconstriction elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea in guinea pigs. Drazen, JM; Hernandez, C; Leff, AR; Ray, DW; Solway, J, 1989)	0.28
" BWA1433U induced a parallel shift of the adenosine dose-response curve to the right; however, it had no significant inhibitory effect on the decrease in lobar arterial pressure in response to ATP."	( Adenosine does not mediate the pulmonary vasodilator response of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the feline pulmonary vascular bed. Hyman, AL; Kadowitz, PJ; Lippton, H; Neely, CF; Neiman, M, 1989)	0.28
" Myocardial fibrosis, on the other hand, appears to be more closely related to myocyte necrosis with respect to collagen accumulation in the same areas of the heart, its dose-response relation to the amount of isoproterenol administered, and the timing of increased DNA synthesis, or fibroblast proliferation, after myocyte loss."	( Isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in relation to myocyte necrosis. Benjamin, IJ; Cho, K; Clark, WA; Jalil, JE; Tan, LB; Weber, KT, 1989)	0.28
"To determine the role of changes in receptor density and the considerable interindividual variability in the response to beta-adrenergic antagonists, we determined the relationship between the beta-blockade produced by propranolol and the beta-adrenergic receptor density (Bmax) in 16 healthy subjects who received 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg propranolol every 8 hours for 1 day at each dosage level."	( Interindividual differences in beta-receptor density contribute to variability in response to beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Koshakji, RP; Silberstein, DJ; Wood, AJ; Zhou, HH, 1989)	0.46
" Comparison with dose-response curves in a group of young (Y) subjects (24 +/- 3 years) given an identical dose protocol of salbutamol showed no evidence of subsensitivity of beta 2-adrenoceptor responses in the elderly (E) group (mean and 95% confidence intervals for maximum responses): delta K -0."	( Beta-adrenoceptor responses to inhaled salbutamol in the elderly. Lipworth, BJ; McDevitt, DG; Tregaskis, BF, 1989)	0.28
" ICI 147,798 produced a dose-dependent shift to the right of the dose-response (chronotropic) curve of isoproterenol with suppression of the maximal tachycardia, an effect characteristic of insurmountable beta receptor blockade."	( Insurmountable beta receptor blockade by ICI 147,798 in rabbits. Giles, RE; Hwang, TF; Kau, ST; Keith, RA; Murthy, VS; Salama, AI; Wurm, R; Zagar, ME, 1989)	0.28
" Doses were calculated to produce plasma levels approximating those achieved after oral dosing (0."	( Effects of dilevalol on forearm circulation in essential hypertension. Cleroux, J; Giannattasio, C; Grassi, G; Mancia, G; Seravalle, G; Zanchetti, A, 1989)	0.28
" Atenolol, ICI 111,581 and propranolol were given at low, medium and high doses calculated to shift dose-response curves to exogenous agonists by factors of 10-30, 100-300 and 1000-3000, respectively."	( Mechanisms underlying the antiarrhythmic properties of beta-adrenoceptor blockade against ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in acutely prepared rats. Abraham, S; Beatch, GN; Paletta, MJ; Walker, MJ, 1989)	0.57
" Dose-response curves (DRCs) were obtained in the absence and cumulative presence of propranolol (PROP; beta-antagonist), corynanthine (CORY; alpha 1-antagonist) and idazoxan (IDX; alpha 2-antagonist) to estimate effective dosages (ED) required for 15 and 75% peak reductions in renal blood flow."	( Unmasking sensitive alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction in conscious rats. Colindres, RE; Strandhoy, JW; Wolff, DW, 1989)	0.5
" On a dosage basis, the order of potency of these compounds is indenolol fluorinated derivative greater than propranolol greater than indenolol greater than nadolol fluorinated derivative greater than nadolol."	( Evaluation of the antifibrillatory activity of fluorinated derivatives of indenolol and nadolol in isolated rabbit and rat hearts: comparison with propranolol. Aboul-Enein, HY; Almotrefi, AA; Premkumar, LS, )	0.54
" By contrast, carbachol did not alter the dose-response profile to AR-L57."	( A comparison of the cardiotonic effects of AR-L115 and AR-L57: evidence for distinct inotropic mechanisms. Hayes, JS; Pollock, GD; Wilson, H; Wyss, VL, )	0.13
" Each drug was given for a two-month period, the maximum acebutolol dosage reaching 600 mg tid and the maximum propranolol dosage 80 mg tid."	( Comparison of acebutolol and propranolol therapy for ventricular arrhythmias. Berdoff, R; Platia, EV; Reid, PR; Stone, G, 1985)	0.77
" Dose-response curves with epinephrine (alpha 2 and beta agonist), with isoproterenol (beta agonist) and epinephrine + propranolol and adenosine deaminase, were studied."	( Lipolytic response of adipocytes to epinephrine in sedentary and exercise-trained subjects: sex-related differences. Beauville, M; Crampes, F; Garrigues, M; Marceron, M; Riviere, D, 1989)	0.49
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of four different brands of propranolol (Inderal, Ciplar, Corbeta and Propal) were carried out after single and multiple dosing on six normal adult healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover fashion to determine any inter-brand variations in bioavailability and pharmacodynamic effects."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of four different brands of propranolol in normal volunteers. Biswas, NR; Garg, SK; Kumar, N; Mukherjee, S; Sharma, PL, 1989)	0.73
" Despite inter-individual variations in the dose-response relationships calculated for both hormones, significant effects can be expected in the upper physiological range of concentration."	( Inhibition of human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity by catecholamines in vitro. Schauer, I; Schauer, UJ, 1989)	0.28
" Examination of diastolic blood pressures suggested some loss of antihypertensive control at the end of the dosing interval."	( Once-daily propranolol for hypertension: a comparison of regular-release, long-acting, and generic formulations. Carter, BL; Gersema, LM; Schabold, K; Williams, GO, 1989)	0.67
" Although some patients remained normotensive after discontinuation of step II drugs, a greater proportion returned to elevated BP than when step II dosage was unchanged."	( Effects of reduction in drugs or dosage after long-term control of systemic hypertension. Borreson, RE; Fisher, SG; Freis, ED; Hamburger, R; Mezey, KC; Mukherji, B; Neal, WW; Perry, HM; Taguchi, JT; Thomas, JR, 1989)	0.28
" This was associated with airway beta-adrenoceptor blockade as demonstrated by a shift in the isoproterenol dose-response curve."	( Anticholinergic blockade of beta-blocker-induced bronchoconstriction. Barnes, PJ; Dixon, CM; Fuller, RW; Ind, PW, 1989)	0.28
" However, none of the treatments studied was ideal for clinical use in the twice daily dosage used in this study."	( Comparison of the efficacy and acceptability of nicardipine and propranolol, alone and in combination, in mild to moderate hypertension. Dow, RJ; Gough, KJ; Laing, EM; Macdonald, FC; Maclean, D; McDevitt, DG; Mitchell, ET, 1989)	0.52
" This difference in drug efficacy persisted throughout the 12-hour dosing interval."	( Discrepancy between clinic and ambulatory blood pressure measurement in the evaluation of two antihypertensive agents. Cox, JP; Fitzgerald, DJ; O'Brien, E; O'Malley, K, 1989)	0.28
" F = 1 - VmVd/kaD ln (1 + kaD/QKm) This equation for single dosage can also be extended to steady state kinetics after multiple dosing in which the amount of a drug present in the hepatic circulation is considered."	( Saturable first-pass kinetics of propranolol. Haller, H; Keller, F; Kunzendorf, U; Offermann, G; Walz, G, 1989)	0.56
"A novel oral multiple-unit dosage form which overcame many of the problems commonly observed during the compression of microparticles into tablets was developed in this study."	( A novel approach to the oral delivery of micro- or nanoparticles. Bodmeier, R; Chen, HG; Paeratakul, O, 1989)	0.28
"8 mM), the dose-response curve for ATP was shifted to the left in a parallel fashion at this concentration."	( Low calcium and calcium antagonists potentiate the contraction of guinea-pig vas deferens induced by ATP: a permissive role for P2-purinoceptors. Furukawa, T; Morishita, H, 1989)	0.28
" Treadmill exercise testing was performed, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms were recorded, and serum propranolol levels were assessed at 1 and 2 hours after dosing with propranolol alone, and after 2 weeks of combined therapy with either nifedipine, 10 or 20 mg, or diltiazem, 60 or 120 mg, administered every 8 hours."	( Comparative study of the effect of nifedipine versus diltiazem on exercise performance, serum propranolol levels, and ST-segment abnormalities in patients with chronic stable angina taking propranolol. Krikler, DM; Krikler, S; Robinson, K, 1989)	0.71
" In contrast, propranolol shifted the caffeine dose-response curve to the right and significantly increased the caffeine threshold in the MHS group."	( Influence of propranolol on the in vitro response to caffeine and halothane in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible muscle. Ording, H, 1989)	1.01
"vg-dosed animals than their oral dosed counterparts."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of propranolol and its major metabolites in the rat after oral and vaginal administration. Buttar, HS; Qureshi, SA, 1989)	0.53
" Dose-response curves revealed that maximal hyperglycemia was associated with hypoinsulinemia."	( 5-HT1A and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin in the conscious rat. Chaouloff, F; Jeanrenaud, B, 1987)	0.27
" From the right shifts of isoprenaline dose-response curves 0 to 84 hr after administration of propranolol and the beta-1 selective bisoprolol, in vivo beta blockade was assessed."	( Beta adrenoceptor subtype binding activity in plasma and beta blockade by propranolol and beta-1 selective bisoprolol in humans. Evaluation with Schild-plots. Belz, GG; Palm, D; Wellstein, A, 1988)	0.72
"0 mg/kg intravenously) was administered after the highest phenylephrine infusion dosage to assure complete beta-blockade."	( In vivo demonstration of maturational changes of the chronotropic response to alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Gelband, H; McCormack, J; Pickoff, AS; Stolfi, A; Villafañe, J; Xu, H, 1988)	0.27
" Ethanol also shifted the dose-response curve for stimulation of the enzyme by isoproterenol to the right."	( Effects of ethanol in vitro on the beta adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase system. Bode, DC; Molinoff, PB, 1988)	0.27
" Propranolol and labetalol induced a dose-dependent, parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curves of isoproterenol effects on heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, indicating that both drugs are nonselective, competitive antagonists of beta-adrenergic receptors."	( Beta blockade by oral propranolol and labetalol. Carr, ME; Cubeddu, LX; Fuenmayor, NJ, 1985)	1.49
" However, as dosage adjustment and close observation may be necessary to minimise side effects, the use of this combination should be limited to hospital practice."	( Tolerability of combined treatment with verapamil and beta-blockers in angina resistant to monotherapy. McGourty, JC; Silas, JH; Solomon, SA, 1985)	0.27
" Methoxamine produced a dose-related increase in uterine activity, prazosin produced a rightward displacement of the dose-response curve of methoxamine reaching the same maximal effect."	( Effect of methoxamine on spontaneous motility of the isolated rat uterus. Esplugues, J; Estañ, L; Morales-Olivas, FJ; Rubio, E, 1985)	0.27
" In most cases the dose-response curves were biphasic and changes in coronary flow paralleled those in oxygen consumption."	( The effect of cholinergic agonists on coronary flow rate and oxygen consumption in isolated perfused rat heart. Erecińska, M; Nuutinen, EM; Wilson, DF, 1985)	0.27
" Labetalol 400 mg significantly shifted the blood pressure dose-response curve to the right."	( Comparative effects of adimolol, labetalol and propranolol on heart rate and blood pressure in man. Harron, DW; Riddell, JG; Shanks, RG, 1985)	0.53
" If standard doses of beta-blockers are used in PM subjects, they may be susceptible to concentration-related adverse reactions and they may also require lower and less frequent dosing for control of angina pectoris."	( Oxidation phenotype and the metabolism and action of beta-blockers. Lennard, MS, 1985)	0.27
" The dose-response kinetics with four doses of bethanechol with and without somatostatin showed inhibition of a non-competitive type for gastric acid secretion and of a competitive type for antral motility with regard to amplitude."	( Effect of somatostatin on bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastric antral motility in dogs with gastric fistula. Andersen, D; Bech, K; Ladegaard, L, 1985)	0.27
" dosage (1."	( Effect of age on the hepatic clearance of propranolol in rats. Araki, K; Deguchi, N; Iwamoto, K; Sugiyama, H; Watanabe, J, 1985)	0.53
"25 mg/kg), the dose-response curve of clenbuterol (0."	( Does a single priming injection of clenbuterol alter behavioral response to beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in mice through a time-dependent process? Martin, P; Simon, P; Soubrie, P, 1985)	0.27
" We investigated whether the maximal response plateau or the position of the dose-response curve is due to functional inhibition by neurogenic mechanisms or to prostaglandin release."	( Limited maximal airway narrowing in nonasthmatic subjects. Role of neural control and prostaglandin release. Daniel, EE; Hargreave, FE; Sterk, PJ; Zamel, N, 1985)	0.27
" Dose-response curves were constructed for the changes in these parameters with increasing doses of isoproterenol."	( Effects of betaxolol, propranolol, and atenolol on isoproterenol-induced beta-adrenoceptor responses. Riddell, JG; Shanks, RG, 1985)	0.58
"In series of 20 patients suffering from atrial arrhythmias, hypertension or hyperkinetic heart syndrome in euthyroid subjects the effect of the new cardioselective beta-blocker celiprolol was examined when orally administered in doses of 300 mg per day against propranolol in a dosage of 160 mg per day."	( [Effect of celiprolol compared to propranolol on thyroid metabolism]. Eber, O; Langsteger, W; Lind, P, 1985)	0.73
" Isoproterenol dose-response curves were shifted significantly downward and to the right after previous treatment with and removal of isoproterenol."	( Isoproterenol-induced desensitization to the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol in ventricular strips isolated from carp heart (Cyprinus carpio). Hirata, T; Kitazawa, T; Kondo, H; Temma, K, 1985)	0.27
" Studies of right ventricular papillary muscles from control and chronically beta-blocked cats demonstrated contractile and energetic properties as well as dose-response behavior and inotropic specificity suggestive of an increase in myocardial sensitivity to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in the latter group."	( Beta adrenergic receptor blockade of feline myocardium. Cardiac mechanics, energetics, and beta adrenoceptor regulation. Cooper, G; Kent, RL; McGonigle, P; Watanabe, AM, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response curves of dilevalol and labetalol were shifted to the right with propranolol pretreatment."	( Intrinsic beta-sympathomimetic activity of dilevalol, R, R-isomer of labetalol. Matsunaga, K; Nakamura, K; Ueda, M, 1985)	0.49
" If standard doses of beta-blockers are used in poor metabolisers, these subjects may be susceptible to concentration-related adverse reactions and they may also require less frequent dosing for control of angina pectoris."	( The polymorphic oxidation of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Lennard, MS; Tucker, GT; Woods, HF, )	0.13
"A double-blind randomized study was designed to investigate differences in the recovery of finger skin temperature after finger cooling during dosing with placebo or one of four beta-blockers: propranolol, atenolol, pindolol, and acebutolol."	( The influence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and beta-1 receptor selectivity on the recovery of finger skin temperature after finger cooling in normotensive subjects. de Boo, T; Lemmens, WA; Lenders, JW; Salemans, J; Thien, T; van't Laar, A, 1986)	0.46
" The dose-response curve for stimulation by histamine of adenylate cyclase was shifted to the right in a dose-dependent manner by increasing concentrations of several H2-antagonists."	( A study of the H2-receptor for histamine stimulating adenylate cyclase in homogenates of guinea-pig lung parenchyma. Foreman, JC; Norris, DB; Rising, TJ; Webber, SE, 1986)	0.27
" Dose-response curves were constructed for the changes in heart rate, finger tremor, blood pressure and forearm blood flow produced by each infusion."	( Effects of ICI 141,292 on exercise tachycardia and isoprenaline-induced beta-adrenoceptor responses in man. Finch, MB; McNeill, AJ; O'Connor, PC; Pringle, TH; Riddell, JG; Shanks, RG, 1986)	0.27
"05) the dose-response curve of 5-HT at the autoreceptors, but was ineffective at the receptors regulating GLU release."	( Differential pharmacology and function of two 5-HT1 receptors modulating transmitter release in rat cerebellum. Bonanno, G; Maura, G; Pittaluga, A; Raiteri, M, 1986)	0.27
" Amitraz did not significantly shift the dose-response curve to isoprenaline or acetylcholine but antagonized histamine rate responses competitively in the presence of propranolol (2 X 10(-6) M)."	( The cardiac effects of amitraz in the guinea-pig in vivo and in vitro. Pascoe, AL; Reynoldson, JA, 1986)	0.47
" The latter interventions, when imposed between successive dose-response curves generated by intravenous 5HT in animals pretreated with atropine and propranolol, did not alter the positions or slopes of the curves."	( Reflex activation of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nervous system in feline airways. Altiere, RJ; Diamond, L; Gillespie, MN; Szarek, JL, 1986)	0.47
" PRA activity was significantly and markedly reduced by both bunolol and metoprolol shortly after dosing at a time when HR was significantly reduced but MBP was not."	( Antihypertensive effects of 12 beta adrenoceptor antagonists in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats: relationship to changes in plasma renin activity, heart rate and sympathetic nerve function. Antonaccio, MJ; DeForrest, JM; High, J; Sybertz, E, 1986)	0.27
" If standard doses of some beta-blockers are used in poor metabolizers, these patients may be susceptible to concentration-related adverse reactions and they may also require lower and less frequent dosing for control of angina pectoris."	( Debrisoquine polymorphism and the metabolism and action of metoprolol, timolol, propranolol and atenolol. Lennard, MS; Silas, JH; Tucker, GT; Woods, HF, 1986)	0.5
" (+/-)-Propranolol caused rightward shifts, usually parallel, of the dose-response curves for (-)-isoprenaline."	( The antinociceptive action of some beta-adrenoceptor agonists in mice. Bentley, GA; Starr, J, 1986)	0.73
" The reaction patterns were similar for isoprenaline and somatostatin, whereas salmefamol induced an inhibition of longer duration and with dissimilar dose-response kinetics."	( Beta-adrenergic agonists inhibit gastric acid and pepsin secretion through somatostatin release in dogs. Bech, K; Uvnäs-Moberg, K, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response relationship using individual maximal reduction of ET showed, on a molar basis, that bisoprolol is about 5, 7 and 10 times more effective than propranolol, atenolol and metoprolol, respectively."	( Pharmacodynamic profile of bisoprolol, a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist. Bühring, KU; Leopold, G; Pabst, J; Simane, Z; Ungethüm, W; Wiemann, H, 1986)	0.47
"The dose-response curves of the central and peripheral airways to intravenously injected nicotine were studied in 55 anesthetized dogs."	( Dose-response curves of central and peripheral airways to nicotine injections in dogs. Haga, T; Miyano, M; Nakamura, M; Sasaki, H; Takishima, T, 1986)	0.27
"We compared the central and renal haemodynamic effects of tertatolol, a new non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug without partial agonist activity, with those of an equipotent dosage of propranolol in two groups of 10 patients each with acute cerebral injury who had developed systemic hypertension."	( Acute central and renal haemodynamic responses to tertatolol and propranolol in patients with arterial hypertension following head injury. Brackman, F; Degaute, JP; Leeman, M; Naeije, R; Prost, JF, 1986)	0.7
" Its central and renal hemodynamic effects were compared to those of an equipotent dosage of propranolol in two groups of 10 patients each who developed arterial hypertension and a hyperdynamic circulatory state after head injury."	( Tertatolol preserves renal perfusion in patients with arterial hypertension after head injury. Brackman, F; Degaute, JP; Leeman, M; Naeije, R; Prost, JF; Thomas, J, 1986)	0.49
" Propranolol 5 mg iv, the positive control, significantly shifted the isoproterenol dose-response curve to the right."	( The assessment of the beta-blocking activity of urapidil: a new method. Flanagan, PH; Galbraith, H; Jackson, SH; Jamieson, MJ; Patel, SS; Shepherd, AM; Stewart, W, 1986)	1.18
" Intrapericardial propranolol or atenolol (50 micrograms/kg) had the same effect on isoprenaline heart rate dose-response curves and on the sympathetic component of the arterial baroreceptor-heart rate reflex as did conventional, 5-fold greater, intravenous doses of the drugs."	( Selective manipulation of neurohumoral control of the cardiac pacemaker by drugs given intrapericardially. Lew, MJ; Ludbrook, J; Pavia, JM; Quail, AW; Rutter, PC, 1987)	0.61
"Thirty-six patients with Raynaud's disease (RD) were treated with a low dosage of beta-blockers, atenolol (50 mg/day) or propranolol (20 mg/day)."	( Beta-blockers: a new therapeutic approach to Raynaud's disease. Brotzu, G; Palmina, P; Roberto, M; Susanna, F, 1987)	0.48
" In addition, adimolol significantly reduced receptor number and even by 3 days after dosing Bmax had only returned to half the control value."	( Adimolol, a long acting beta-adrenoceptor blocker in man. Deighton, NM; Elliott, HL; Jones, CR; Meredith, PA; Reid, JL, 1987)	0.27
" In contrast, the (R)-glycol appeared to act as an irreversible antagonist, producing complex dose-response curves."	( Comparative studies with the enantiomers of the glycol metabolite of propranolol and their effects on the cardiac beta-adrenoceptor. Lyles, GA; Neilson, DG; Ogg, GD; Stevenson, IH, 1987)	0.51
" 3 Propranolol, but not domperidone, shifted to the right the dose-response curve for the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of dopamine."	( The lack of the effect of DA-1 and DA-2 dopamine agonists on the isolated guinea-pig atria. Martinez-Mir, I; Morales-Olivas, FJ; Rubio, E, 1987)	0.89
" In order to mimic the intrinsic effects of the partial agonist drugs, control dose-response curves for isoproterenol were determined in pithed rats in which the base-line heart rate was elevated by thoracic spinal cord stimulation."	( Comparative analysis of beta-1 adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist potency and selectivity of cicloprolol, xamoterol and pindolol. Cavero, I; Hicks, PE; Langer, SZ; Lefevre-Borg, F; Manoury, P, 1987)	0.27
" Patients were treated with propranolol 40 to 160 mg bid for 8 weeks, followed by atenolol 50 to 100 mg given once daily for 8 weeks, and then rechallenged with the required dosage of propranolol for 8 weeks."	( A comparison of the side effects of atenolol and propranolol in the treatment of patients with hypertension. Chockalingam, A; Drover, A; Fifield, F; Fodor, JG; Pauls, CJ, 1987)	0.82
"Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood flow and vascular resistance in the arm and in the leg were investigated in 9 healthy volunteers (22-40 years) after oral dosing with bisoprolol 10 mg, propranolol 40 mg, and placebo in a randomized double-blind cross-over study."	( Effects of bisoprolol on local vascular resistance. Bailliart, O; Bonnin, P; Kedra, AW; Martineaud, JP; Savin, E, 1987)	0.46
" These results suggest that propranolol in the above dosage does not significantly reduce the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial revascularisation."	( Does low-dose propranolol reduce the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias following myocardial revascularisation? A clinical study. Bain, WH; Nashef, SA; Shafei, H; Turner, MA, 1988)	0.93
" The results demonstrated a wide margin of safety for celiprolol over the recommended dosage range of 200 to 600 mg once daily."	( Safety profile of celiprolol. Lamon, KD, 1988)	0.27
" Blood pressure, ventricular rate, and echocardiographically determined ejection fraction, ejection time, and mean rate of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf) were measured before dosing and at multiple time points during 10 hours after each dose, with subjects maintained in the supine position."	( Pharmacodynamic comparison of L-bunolol with propranolol, metoprolol, and placebo. Bahrmann, H; Greenblatt, DJ; Labedzki, L; Ochs, HR, 1988)	0.53
" In the first series of experiments cumulative dose-response curves for propranolol, atenolol and ICI 118,551, nonselective beta-, beta 1- and beta 2-selective antagonists, respectively, were constructed in rats subjected to a continuous intravenous infusion of phentolamine."	( Pressor response to beta 1- and beta 2-blockers in conscious rats treated with phentolamine. King, KA; Pang, CC; Tabrizchi, R, 1988)	0.51
" Dose-response studies (required to increase heart rate or systolic blood pressure by 25 beats/min and 20mm Hg, respectively) were performed with phenylephrine, angiotensin and isoprenaline after each drug, and placebo administration and the effects of physiological pressor stimuli were compared."	( Vasodilating mechanism and response to physiological pressor stimuli of acute doses of carvedilol compared with labetalol, propranolol and hydralazine. Bompart, F; Graham, BR; Liu, JB; Prichard, BN; Tomlinson, B, 1988)	0.48
" In Study I, 24 healthy volunteers were dosed with 4 x 10 mg test tablets, 1 x 40 mg test tablet, 4 x 10 mg Inderal tablets, and 40 mg of propranolol HCl in solution."	( Bioavailability of propranolol hydrochloride tablet formulations: application of multiple dose crossover studies. Daniel, JE; Eldon, MA; Kinkel, AW; Latts, JR, )	0.66
" The muscarinic antagonist atropine, 1 microM, and the beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, 10 microM, had no effect on the dose-response curve for dimaprit-induced relaxation of the lung strip."	( A study of the histamine H2-receptor mediating relaxation of the parenchymal lung strip preparation of the guinea-pig. Foreman, JC; Rising, TJ; Webber, SE, 1985)	0.49
"The effect of celiprolol at a daily dosage of 300 mg (19 patients) was compared with that of propranolol at a daily dosage of 120 mg (14 patients) on peripheral blood flow of the calf and foot in a randomized double-blind trial."	( [Comparative studies of the effect of a cardioselective and a noncardioselective beta-blocker on peripheral circulation in patients with arterial occlusive disease]. Klieber, M; Resch, F, 1986)	0.49
"05) the dose-response curve of 5-HT."	( Pharmacological characterization of release-regulating serotonin autoreceptors in rat cerebellum. Bonanno, G; Maura, G; Raiteri, M, 1986)	0.27
" ANP produced dose-related coronary vasodilation with a threshold dosage of 2 ng/kg; a dosage of 2 micrograms/kg caused a 27 +/- 4% decrease in coronary vascular resistance."	( Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in the canine coronary circulation. Bache, RJ; Chen, DG; Dai, XZ; Schwartz, JS, 1988)	0.27
" On the first day, a propranolol provocative dose producing a 20% change in FEV1 (PD20) was determined from the individual semilogarithmic dose-response curve."	( Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on propranolol-induced bronchoconstriction. Crimi, N; Mistretta, A; Oliveri, R; Palermo, B; Palermo, F; Polosa, R; Vancheri, C, 1988)	0.85
" Dose-response curves were determined for either isoproterenol or dobutamine 30 min after treatment with hexamethonium (20mg/kg)."	( Role of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the intrinsic inotropic selectivity of dobutamine in anesthetized dogs. Gorczynski, RJ; Shaffer, JE, 1985)	0.27
" HA-1004 shifted the dose-response curve for CaCl2 to the right in a competitive manner in depolarized rabbit renal arterial strips."	( Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle by HA-1004, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase. Hidaka, H; Inagaki, M; Ishikawa, T; Watanabe, M, 1985)	0.27
" Standardized dose-response curves demonstrated that the injured tissue was increasingly sensitive over time to norepinephrine and that this was more marked at physiologic levels of norepinephrine."	( Increased vascular contraction and sensitivity to norepinephrine after endothelial denudation is inhibited by prazosin. Cole, CW; Hagen, PO; McCann, RL; Mikat, EM; O'Malley, MK; Radic, ZS, 1986)	0.27
" B-HT 933 did not affect the cumulative dose-response curves of the vas deferens and of MP-LM to noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (Ach) respectively."	( Mechanism of action of B-HT 933 (azepexole) in rat vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. Brugger, AJ; Vargas, ML, 1985)	0.27
"05), as was the slope of the angiotensin II-vehicle dose-response curve (0."	( Dopamine selectively inhibits aldosterone responses to angiotensin II in humans. Carey, RM; Drake, CR, 1986)	0.27
" With bolus injections, atropine displaced the heart rate dose-response curve for atenolol to the right, implying reflex withdrawal of cardiac vagal tone, but did not alter the heart rate dose-response curve for propranolol."	( Reflex vagal withdrawal and the hemodynamic response to intravenous isoproterenol in the presence of beta-antagonists. Arnold, JM; McDevitt, DG, 1986)	0.46
" After chronic withdrawal of TSH from the growth medium, the magnitude of the response to NE is considerably reduced; however, there is no substantial shift in the dose-response curve."	( Norepinephrine and thyroid-stimulating hormone induce inositol phosphate accumulation in FRTL-5 cells. Alling, DW; Bone, EA; Grollman, EF, 1986)	0.27
" Treatment of K loaded pancreatectomized dogs with glucagon or a B receptor blockading dosage of propranolol does not alter the proportion transferred, but treatment with glucagon and propranolol reduces it."	( Kaluresis independent K-homeostasis: glucagon and B receptor blockade in pancreatectomized dogs. Chapman, LW; Davidson, MB; Hiatt, N; Mack, H, 1986)	0.49
" Variations in drug dosage and feeding regimens will, however, need to be perfected to limit catabolic effects."	( Effect of propranolol administration on hemodynamic and metabolic responses of burned pediatric patients. Barrow, RE; Herndon, DN; Jahoor, F; Minifee, P; Rutan, TC; Wolfe, RR, 1988)	0.68
" Pretreatment of the rats with reserpine (5 mg/kg) did not produce any modification of the dose-response curve to dopamine."	( Relaxant effect of dopamine on the isolated rat uterus. Estañ, L; Martinez-Mir, I; Morales-Olivas, FJ; Rubio, E, 1988)	0.27
" It is concluded that at the dosage level used in this study propranolol and verapamil were equally effective, but there were individual variations in best response to one or the other of these two drugs."	( [Comparative study of the effects of verapamil and propranolol therapy in 16 cases of obstructive hypertrophic myocardiopathy]. Casset, D; Cosnay, P; Fauchier, JP; Itti, R; Lang, M; Lavigne, G; Raynaud, P, 1987)	0.77
" Isolated rings (circular preparations) obtained from rat thoracic aortae responded to increasing concentrations of NE with dose-dependent tonic enhancement, not significantly affected by the presence of indomethacin (10(-6)M); whereas, preincubation with phentolamine (10(-6)M), yohimbine (10(-7)M) or prazosin (10(-8)M), shifted significantly to the right points of the positive inotropic dose-response curve for NE."	( Possible prostacyclin involvement on disparate tonic responses to "in vitro" norepinephrine in circular and in longitudinal preparations from rat thoracic aorta. Chaud, M; Franchi, AM; Gimeno, AL; Gimeno, MA, 1987)	0.27
" The plasma concentrations of propranolol under these steady state dosing conditions increased when misoprostol was added to propranolol."	( Potential drug interactions with misoprostol: effects on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and propranolol. Bennett, PN; Fenn, GC; Notarianni, LJ, 1988)	0.78
" Dosage was titrated until blood pressures were normalized (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than or equal to 95 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 133."	( A novel therapeutic approach for reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients treated with alpha-methyldopa or propranolol. Fernandez, PG; Kim, BK; Lee, CC; Snedden, W, 1985)	0.47
" It can be concluded from these results that, in situ, the primary action of amrinone occurs on vascular smooth muscle and that a positive inotropic activity with a normal dosage of amrinone is only an indirect outcome of reflex activation of the sympathetic system."	( Haemodynamic effects of amrinone in the anaesthetized pig. Brilla, C; Jacob, R; Kissling, G; Vogt, M, 1988)	0.27
" The threshold provocative dose of histamine needed to cause a 20% fall in starting FEV1 (PD20) was measured by log dose-response curve."	( Increased responsiveness to histamine after propranolol in subjects with asthma nonresponsive to the bronchoconstrictive effect of propranolol. Carpentiere, G; Castello, F; Marino, S, 1988)	0.54
" In isolated cat papillary muscles and rabbit right atria, cumulative hydralazine log dose-response curves (0."	( Direct effects of hydralazine on cardiac contractile function, haemodynamics, and myocardial energetics in isolated myocardium. Amsterdam, EA; Rendig, SV; Segel, LD, 1988)	0.27
"The pharmacokinetics of a sustained release (SR) propranolol (Betalong) were compared with conventional propranolol (Inderal) after single and multiple dosing in 8 normal healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic study of a new sustained release preparation of propranolol in normal healthy volunteers. Biswas, NR; Garg, SK; Gyawali, K; Kumar, N; Lal, R; Narendranath, KA; Sharma, PL, 1988)	0.77
"Three consecutive dose-response curves to aerosolized histamine were obtained in 11 anesthetized dogs."	( Characteristics of tachyphylaxis to inhaled histamine in anesthetized dogs. Antol, PJ; Fujita, M; Hyatt, RE, 1988)	0.27
" We administered propranolol over a wide dosage range to a different group of animals and found that a high dose (20 mg/kg) increased separation-induced coos while decreasing the activity levels."	( Effects of clonidine and propranolol on separation-induced distress in infant rhesus monkeys. Kalin, NH; Shelton, SE, 1988)	0.92
"In the present study we set out to explain the complex atropine dose-response curves in man in relation to M-cholinoceptor subtype occupancy."	( Complex dose-response curves of atropine in man explained by different functions of M1- and M2-cholinoceptors. Pitschner, HF; Wellstein, A, 1988)	0.27
" Because results were comparable in all models, additional dosage formulations were subsequently tested only in the rabbit colon model."	( Assessment and validation of animal models to evaluate topical effects of substances on gastrointestinal mucosa. Anderson, LD; Casper, AG; Fara, JW; Myrback, RE, 1988)	0.27
" In addition, (a) the presence of non-linear absorption kinetics offers a further explanation for the considerable inter-patient variability in AUC since the ability of drug to cross the liver is a function of the concentrations attained in portal blood which will be dependent on dissolution conditions prevailing in the GI-tract, (b) depending on the choice of the dose and dosage interval of the conventional release formulation used for comparison and as a consequence of Michaelis-Menten first pass metabolism it is possible to obtain relative bioavailability data showing superiority, equivalence or bioavailability loss with the slow release form."	( Drug input rate from the GI-tract. Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the bioavailability of slow release verapamil and nifedipine. Fischer, A; Köhne, H; Menke, G; Rietbrock, N; Woodcock, BG, 1988)	0.27
" The dosage of adrenergic vasoconstrictors should be limited and gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine avoided entirely."	( Hypertensive response to levonordefrin in a patient receiving propranolol: report of case. Mito, RS; Yagiela, JA, 1988)	0.52
" Since many beta-adrenoceptor antagonists have short plasma elimination half-lives, divided daily dosing has often been necessary in order to provide continuous beta-blockade throughout the day."	( Pharmacokinetics of long acting propranolol. Implications for therapeutic use. Nace, GS; Wood, AJ, 1987)	0.56
" Propranolol dosage was titrated according to blood levels."	( Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics after variceal hemorrhage: effects of propranolol and placebo. Huet, PM; Marleau, D; Pomier-Layrargues, G; Villeneuve, JP; Willems, B, 1987)	1.42
" In vitro dissolution studies have proved to be of little value in determining the clinical activity of these new dosage forms."	( Controlled-release formulations of propranolol and verapamil. Dunn, J, 1987)	0.55
" No correlation could be found between the change in clinical symptoms and electrocardiographic, echocardiographic or hemodynamic data, nor to the dosage of V or P administered."	( Long-term treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with verapamil or propranolol in matched pairs of patients: results of a multicenter study. Biamino, G; Bubenheimer, P; Förster, K; Hanrath, P; Hopf, R; Kaltenbach, M; Kober, G; Kuck, KH; Schlepper, M; von Olshausen, KE, 1987)	0.51
" The mean supine BP 24 hours post dosing were 177/110 mmHg (placebo), 173/109 mmHg (propranolol) and 164/100 mmHg (atenolol)."	( Atenolol or propranolol in hypertensive patients poorly controlled on captopril and frusemide. Lovell, HG; Petrie, JC; Robb, OJ; Webster, J; Witte, K, 1987)	0.88
" Transient atrioventricular dissociation occurred in two patients 2 h after dosing with verapamil and propranolol or atenolol."	( The effect of combined therapy on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil and propranolol in patients with angina pectoris. Lennard, MS; McCourty, JC; Silas, JH; Tucker, GT, 1988)	0.71
" For each agent tested in this study, dose-response curves were established."	( Micturition in the unanesthetized rat: spinal vs. peripheral pharmacology of the adrenergic system. Durant, PA; Lucas, PC; Yaksh, TL, 1988)	0.27
"25-2 h than in po dosed counterparts."	( Transplacental and mammary passage of radioactivity in rats treated vaginally and orally with [14C]propranolol. Bura, C; Buttar, HS; Moffatt, JH, 1988)	0.49
"05) and a one-log magnitude of increase in the isoproterenol-heart rate dose-response curve."	( Effects of chronic beta-adrenergic blockade on exercise training in dogs. Horwitz, LD; Lindenfeld, J; Smoak, J; Wolfel, EE, 1988)	0.27
" Propranolol and cimetidine serum samples were measured over the 24-hour dosing interval after the last propranolol dose."	( The effect of cimetidine dose timing on oral propranolol kinetics in adults. Asgharnejad, M; Danis, M; Donn, KH; Powell, JR, 1988)	1.44
" We determined the dose of propranolol (propranolol dose-response curves) required to block the effects of 1 Hz, 2 Hz, and 4 Hz bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation on sinus nodal automaticity, AV nodal conduction, and atrial and ventricular ERPs."	( Differential sensitivity of sinus node, atrioventricular node, atrium, and ventricle to propranolol. Chang, MS; Zipes, DP, 1988)	0.79
" Their dose-response curve lay to the right of that for patients not given propranolol, and this indicates competitive inhibition."	( Propranolol treatment in children with tetralogy of Fallot alters the response to isoprenaline after surgical repair. Barazzone, C; Berner, M; Dayer, P; Friedli, B; Jaccard, C; Oberhansli, I; Rouge, JC, 1988)	1.95
"Penbutolol and propranolol were administered orally in a dosage of 40 mg once daily and 80 mg twice daily, respectively to 12 patients with hypertension and impaired renal function."	( Comparison of the effects of penbutolol and propranolol on glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients with impaired renal function. Donker, AJ; Heidendal, GA; Oe, PL; Reijn, E; van der Meulen, J, 1986)	0.89
" Propranolol dosage was titrated in order to produce plasma concentrations of propranolol of 50 to 150 ng per ml."	( Propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: a controlled trial. Huet, PM; Infante-Rivard, C; Marleau, D; Pomier-Layrargues, G; Viallet, A; Villeneuve, JP; Willems, B, )	2.48
" The dose-response curve to vasopressin and its maximal effect measured on stimulation of glucose production were unchanged in thyroidectomized rats."	( Hormonal control of glucose production and pyruvate kinase activity in isolated rat liver cells: influence of hypothyroidism. Beylot, M; Comte, B; Khalfallah, Y; Laville, M; Riou, JP; Vidal, H, 1987)	0.27
"The relationship between chronic oral dosage with a long-acting formulation of propranolol and plasma propranolol levels 22 to 23 hours later is described in 12 adult male patients with organic brain disease."	( Plasma propranolol levels and their effect on plasma thioridazine and haloperidol concentrations. Greendyke, RM; Kanter, DR, 1987)	0.96
" The dose-response curves of the effect of 10-210 mM of acetone on the ACR and the peak of NE release were parallel."	( Correlation between positive chronotropic effect and norepinephrine release induced by acetone in the rat right atrium. Chentanez, T; Sadavongvivad, C; Tantrarungroj, K, 1987)	0.27
"After multiple oral doses, propranolol has been reported to accumulate to a greater degree than expected based on its terminal elimination rate constant and dosage interval."	( Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of unbound propranolol after oral administration. Bottorff, MB; Lalonde, RL; Mirvis, DM; Pieper, JA; Straka, RJ, 1987)	0.84
"A 21 year old male developed hallucinations, personality change and severe depression following an increase in oral propranolol administration at recommended dosage levels."	( Psychosis with propranolol: still not recognized? Blackwood, GW; Cunnane, JG, 1987)	0.84
"A slurry of activated carbon (activated charcoal) in electrolyte replacement solution given by stomach tube and antiarrhythmic drugs given parenterally cured 9 of 11 calves dosed 7 to 24 h previously with a lethal amount (20g/kg) of Bryophyllum tubiflorum flower heads."	( Curing experimental Bryophyllum tubiflorum poisoning of cattle with activated carbon, electrolyte replacement solution and antiarrhythmic drugs. Dunster, PJ; McKenzie, RA, 1987)	0.27
" 4 After multiple oral dosing with 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol the steady-state plasma concentration (Css), area under the curve (AUC tau), peak concentration (Cmax) and trough concentration (Cmin) were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients and the peak: trough ratio (Cmax/Cmin) was significantly lower than controls."	( A comparative pharmacokinetic study of conventional propranolol and long acting preparation of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and normal controls. Bastain, W; Hayes, JR; Larkin, KA; McAinsh, JA; Shanks, RG; Watson, RG, 1987)	0.76
"0001) after the administration of long-acting propranolol compared with conventional propranolol on both day 1 and day 7; in addition, the elimination half-life was longer after administration of the long-acting preparation (9 hr) compared with that following the conventional dosage form (4 hr)."	( Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of conventional and long-acting propranolol. Chalavarya, G; Fencik, M; Garg, DC; Jallad, NS; Kraml, M; Mishriki, A; Weidler, DJ, )	0.62
" These patients are best managed as outpatients with gradual dosage reduction over 4-12 weeks."	( Management of benzodiazepine dependence. Lader, M; Moodley, P, 1986)	0.27
" In our study linear dependence could be established only within a dosage range of 40 mg to 160 mg."	( Dose-dependent bioavailability of propranolol. Cvelbar, P; Francetić, I; Kopitar, Z; Lenardic, A; Vrhova, B; Zorz, M, 1986)	0.55
" Although there was no correlation between propranolol dosage and depressive symptoms for the population as a whole, among patients with a negative history there was a highly significant positive correlation between propranolol dosage and depression scores."	( Depressive symptoms in propranolol users. Friedman, MJ; Griffin, SJ, 1986)	0.84
" The acid inhibition was blocked by propranolol, and dose-response analysis showed inhibition of a non-competitive type."	( Effect of serotonin on bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastric antral motility in dogs. Bech, K, 1986)	0.55
" This could be attributed to a relatively low dosage and slow infusion speed."	( Effects of four antiarrhythmic drugs on the induction and termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Ishinaga, T; Komatsu, C; Tateishi, O; Tokuhisa, Y; Yoshimura, S, 1986)	0.27
" Aerosol pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin had no significant effect on either LTC4 or LTD4 dose-response curves; however, at the highest doses of these agonists a notable, nonsignificant inhibition of effects on both Rp and Cdyn was seen."	( Pharmacology of aerosol leukotriene C4- and D4-induced alteration of pulmonary mechanics in anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys. Giles, RE; Krell, RD; Williams, JC, 1986)	0.27
" In anaprilin therapy the drug should be individually dosed out with regard to its basal concentration in the blood and the degree of pulse retardation at rest."	( [Pharmcodynamic evaluation of the use of anaprilin combined with merkazolil for the therapy of thyrotoxicosis]. Lebedeva, EA; Verbovaia, NI, )	0.13
" A thorough understanding of the applied pharmacology, dosage recommendations, toxicity, and practical considerations must be attained before these drugs can be used effectively."	( Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat cardiac disease in horses. McGuirk, SM; Muir, WW, 1985)	0.27
" Heart rate was lowest during propranolol dosing and blood pressure was lowest during labetalol dosing irrespective of the labetalol dose used."	( Chronic effects of labetalol, pindolol, and propranolol on calf blood flow in intermittent claudication. Lepäntalo, M, 1985)	0.82
" Patients entering the study were receiving an average propranolol dosage of 131 mg/day (range 20 to 240)."	( Combination propranolol and bepridil therapy in stable angina pectoris. Charlap, S; Crawford, MH; DiBianco, R; Farnham, DJ; Frishman, WH; Kostis, JB; Michelson, EL; Michie, DD; Sawin, HS; Zellner, SR, 1985)	0.9
", a 1000-fold inhibition of the blood pressure/isoproterenol dose-response relationship."	( Do catecholamines play a physiologic role in regulating corpus luteum function in the pseudopregnant rabbit? Bill, CH; Gadsby, JE; Keyes, PL; Lucchesi, B; Schwartz, TS, 1985)	0.27
" The dosage of 25 mg/kg (single and repeated) consistently inhibited platelet function, and the effects lasted 3 to 5 days."	( Effects of aspirin and propranolol on feline platelet aggregation. Greene, CE, 1985)	0.58
" Increased dosage of propranolol to 4 mg did not produce any further reduction of portal pressure or mucosal damage."	( Propranolol reduces ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in portal hypertensive rats. Ivey, KJ; Maeda, R; Mason, GR; Sankary, H; Sarfeh, IJ; Tarnawski, A, 1986)	2.03
" However, the drugs were not equivalent: In addition to its greater potency, nadolol differed from propranolol and metoprolol in the slope of its dose-response curve."	( Comparison of four beta-blockers as assessed by 24-hour ECG recording. Coumel, P; Delhotal-Landes, B; Escoubet, B; Gourmel, B; Leclercq, JF; Maison-Blanche, P; Poirier, JM, 1986)	0.49
" Propranolol also shifted the dose-response curves to the right, but was apparently more potent in preparations with basal tone than in tissues where high tone was induced by carbachol or K+."	( Noradrenergic and non-noradrenergic relaxation at basal and high tone levels in the guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. Abe, M; Furukawa, T, 1986)	1.18
" Propranolol decreased the migraine index more than 70% in 13 patients: five patients at a dosage of 40 mg/day, five patients at a dosage of 120 mg/day, and three patients at a dosage of 240 mg/day."	( Propranolol plasma levels and relief of migraine. Relationship between plasma propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol concentrations and clinical effects. Albani, F; Baldrati, A; Baruzzi, A; Cortelli, P; D'Alessandro, R; Lugaresi, E; Sacquegna, T, 1985)	2.62
" In 2 patients, verapamil caused weakness, lightheadedness, and severe sinus bradycardia (40 to 48 beats/min), and the dosage was reduced (blindly) to 240 mg/day, with the alleviation of bradycardia and associated symptoms."	( Propranolol-verapamil versus propranolol-nifedipine in severe angina pectoris of effort: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Corbett, JR; Croft, CH; Fulton, KL; Hillis, LD; Winniford, MD, 1985)	1.71
" One hour after 40 mg propranolol by mouth as well as during continuous oral dosing at doses that reduced heart rate 25%, cardiac output and the hepatic venous pressure gradient fell significantly, whereas arterial pressure and hepatic blood flow did not change significantly."	( Effect of propranolol on hepatic blood flow in patients with cirrhosis. Braillon, A; Calès, P; Jirón, MI; Lebrec, D; Valla, D, 1985)	0.99
"Histamine dose-response curves were performed on anesthetized tracheostomized guinea pigs that were paralyzed and mechanically ventilated at a constant tidal volume and breathing frequency."	( Histamine dose-response curves in guinea pigs. Hogg, JC; Hulbert, WC; McLean, T; Paré, PD; Wiggs, B, 1985)	0.27
" Because of an increased frequency of anginal attacks, the dosage was increased to 240 mg/day."	( Propranolol-induced depression and psychosis. Parker, WA, )	1.57
" The finding suggests that there may be need for an altered dosage regimen in the undernourished."	( Drug binding in the undernourished: a study of the binding of propranolol to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Jagadeesan, V; Krishnaswamy, K, 1985)	0.51
" It was concluded that aspirin alone at the recommended dosage of one-quarter of a 5-grain tablet (1."	( Effects of aspirin and propranolol alone and in combination on hemostatic determinants in the healthy cat. Allen, DG; Crane, S; Johnstone, IB, 1985)	0.58
" The good reproducibility within subjects and the small interindividual variation suggests that isoproterenol dose-response curves may be a useful tool for such studies."	( Plasma concentration-response relationships of two formulations of propranolol. DeLeve, LD; Endrenyi, L; Leenen, FH, 1985)	0.51
" At the dosage administered, propranolol alone had no antiarrhythmic effect."	( Antiarrhythmic therapy with flecainide in combination and comparison with propranolol. Scheininger, M; Stern, H; Theisen, F; Theisen, K, 1985)	0.79
" Dosing regimens were used that produced steady state plasma levels of both drugs, and the observed effects were clearly related to the plasma concentrations of the agents."	( Cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic consequences of combined administration of verapamil and propranolol in dogs. Hamann, SR; Kaltenborn, KE; McAllister, RG; Tan, TG; Vore, M, 1985)	0.49
" Pretreatment with propranolol or the combination of propranolol and atropine prior to the histamine dose-response curve did not affect the increased response seen after cigarette smoke exposure, but pretreatment with atropine abolished it."	( The effect of acute airway inflammation on bronchial reactivity in guinea pigs. Hogg, JC; Hulbert, WM; McLean, T, 1985)	0.6
" dosing (1."	( Reduced hepatic clearance of propranolol induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride treatment in rats. Araki, K; Deguchi, N; Iwamoto, K; Satoh, M; Watanabe, J, 1985)	0.56
" Now the dose-response relationship of the propranolol effect on LCAT activity was evaluated in vitro."	( Effect of propranolol on lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase activity in vitro. Kirchner, F; Schauer, I; Schauer, UJ, 1985)	0.93
" These results show an improvement in left ventricular relaxation dependent on the propranolol dosage and often a normalization at high dosages."	( Effect of propranolol on left ventricular relaxation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an echographic study. Baragan, J; Bourmayan, C; Dussaule, JC; Fournier, C; Gay, J; Gerbaux, A; Razavi, A, 1985)	0.9
" Repetition of the dose-response to isoprenaline in the presence of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (0."	( Isoprenaline-evinced disturbances in action potentials from hearts of young cardiomyopathic hamsters. Rossner, KL, 1985)	0.49
" A steady-state propranolol dosage of 40 mg every 8 hours produced a mean trough concentration of 42 ng/ml with extremely great (fiftyfold) interindividual variability."	( Biologic determinants of propranolol disposition: results from 1308 patients in the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial. Byington, RP; Furberg, CD; McIntyre, KM; Vokonas, PS; Walle, T, 1985)	0.92
" In a further seven experiments dl-sotalol was administered using the same dosage regimen."	( d-Sotalol: a new potent class III anti-arrhythmic agent. Donaldson, R; Sutton, P; Taggart, P, 1985)	0.27
" The dose-response effectiveness for the prototype antiarrhythmic drugs, propranolol, quinidine and lidocaine in converting the induced ventricular fibrillation to sinus rhythm was determined."	( A cardiac antiarrhythmic screening test using the isolated ischaemic perfused rat heart preparation. Lee, AY; Mok, CP; Wong, TM; Zhan, CY, 1985)	0.5
"The plasma concentration-response relationships of oral and intravenous pindolol and propranolol have been studied in a group of eight healthy male subjects who received each dosage form in a randomized single-blind cross-over manner."	( Contrasts between pindolol and propranolol concentration-response relationships. Aellig, WH; Carruthers, SG; Pacha, WL, 1985)	0.78
" Addition of naloxone to propranolol shifted the dose-response curve of propranolol to the left significantly, indicating an additive effect of the two drugs in their antiarrhythmic activity."	( Cardiac antiarrhythmic evaluation of naloxone with or without propranolol using a modified chloroform-hypoxia screening test in the rat. Lee, AY; Wong, TM, )	0.68
" Dose-response curves showed that lignocaine was more active in abolishing the ouabain induced arrhythmia than the halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia and was least active on the arrhythmia caused by ligation of the coronary artery."	( Effects of lignocaine and propranolol on experimental cardiac arrhythmias. Allen, JD; Shanks, RG; Zaidi, SA, 1971)	0.55
"3 Isoprenaline dose-response curves were shifted to the right in the cats administered oxyfedrine as well as in those administered propranolol."	( The haemodynamic effects of prolonged oral administration of oxyfedrine, a partial agonist at beta-adrenoceptors: comparison with propranolol. Parratt, JR, 1974)	0.66
"68 x 10(-5) mol/kg propranolol there was a dose-response relationship with the increase of plasma renin activity (PRA) achieved after 10 min stimulation."	( Comparison of the effects of propranolol and ICI 66082 in blocking the renin releasing effect of renal nerve stimulation in the cat. Johns, EJ; Singer, B, 1974)	0.87
"3 A second cannabis extract (II) with a different ratio of cannabinoids (also administered in dosage equivalent to 10 mg Delta(9)-THC/kg) failed to affect pentobarbitone anaesthesia in mice."	( Interaction of cannabis and general anaesthetic agents in mice. Chesher, GB; Jackson, DM; Starmer, GA, 1974)	0.25
" Increasing doses of propranolol produced parallel shifts to the right in the isoproterenol dose-response curve."	( Effects of adrenergic receptor activation and blockade on the systolic preejection period, heart rate, and arterial pressure in man. Harris, WS; Schoenfeld, CD; Weissler, AM, 1967)	0.56
" Histamine at the peak of its dose-response curve, 3 x 10(-4)moles/liter, produced approximately a 300% increase in cyclic 3',5'-AMP accumulation in the guinea pig, 60% in the cat, and 90% in the human heart particles."	( Activation of myocardial adenyl cyclase by histamine in guinea pig, cat, and human heart. Klein, I; Levey, GS, 1971)	0.25
" The dose-response lines to phenylephrine were shifted in a parallel manner by propranolol 10(-8)M and 10(-7)M, suggesting that the relaxations were mediated through beta-adrenoceptors."	( Actions of phenylephrine on beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig trachea. Chahl, LA; O'Donnell, SR, 1969)	0.47
" Hence it is concluded that practolol is an effective drug in treating angina, and in the dosage used is of potential value in patients with asthmatic bronchitis and angina."	( Clinical evaluation of practolol, a new cardioselective beta-blocking agent in angina pectoris. Clayton, GA; Sandler, G, 1970)	0.25
" The effects of six beta-adrenoceptive antagonists [(+/-)-propranolol, (+)-propranolol, (+/-)-sotalol, (+/-)-practolol, (+/-)-pindolol and (+/-)-procinolol] were studied on airway resistance and heart rate in guinea-pigs and dose-response curves constructed."	( Comparative study of six -adrenoceptive antagonists on airway resistance and heart rate in the guinea-pig. Advenier, C; Boissier, JR; Giudicelli, JF, 1972)	0.49
" When the doses required to produce these degrees of blockade were computed from the dose-response relations for blockade of the effects of cord stimulation by propranolol, they were found to be similar for effects on heart rate and air overflow."	( Assessment of the effectiveness of -adrenoceptor blocking agents towards cardiac and bronchiolar responses of the pithed guinea-pig to electrical stimulation of the spinal outflow. Burden, DT; Parkes, MW, 1972)	0.45
"Inotropic dose-response curves were constructed for a series of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, based on the inotropic responses of isolated dog trabecular muscles stimulated to contract at a regular rate."	( Comparative partial agonist activity of -adrenoceptor antagonists. Nayler, WG, 1972)	0.25
" 6) In the presence of cocaine, the dose-response curves plotted from the mechanical activity induced by excess [K]o or by noradrenaline shifted to the left and the maximum responses evoked by either treatment were enhanced."	( Effects of cocaine on a hypogastric nerve-vas deferens preparation of the guinea pig. Hashiguchi, T; Ito, Y; Kuriyama, H, 1974)	0.25
" All three catecholamines increased the rate of weight loss but isoprenaline was effective in a much smaller dosage than either adrenaline or noradrenaline."	( The role of circulating catecholamines in sweat production in man. Allen, JA; Roddie, IC, 1972)	0.25
"Propranolol, when given in high dosage to rats, did not induce an increase in hepatic delta-aminolaevulic acid synthetase, an enzyme which is raised in human and drug-induced animal porphyria."	( Acute intermittent porphyria: response of tachycardia and hypertension to propranolol. Beattie, AD; Goldberg, A; Moore, MR; Ward, RL, 1973)	1.93
" At the higher dosage verapamil produced a significant improvement in frequency of angina, trinitrin consumption, and exercise tolerance, and had a favourable and significant effect on the amount and duration of ischaemic S-T depression occurring in the electrocardiogram during exercise."	( Clinical evaluation of verapamil in angina pectoris. Clayton, GA; Sandler, G; Thornicroft, SG, 1968)	0.25
" There is still too little well-documented evidence concerning the beta-blocking activity of the unidentified major metabolites of propranolol to suggest any alteration in the dosage regimen used in renal failure."	( Pharmacodynamics of propranolol in renal failure. Foulkes, DM; Joekes, AM; Thompson, FD, 1972)	0.78
" The method quickly produced accurate and reproducible dose-response curves."	( Use of cumulative dose-response curves in potency comparisons of sympathomimetic amines on the cat soleus muscle. Nott, MW; Raper, C, 1972)	0.25
"No unequivocal central effects were found with either +/--propranolol (120 mg) or +/--sotalol (240 mg) in acute dosage in normal subjects."	( Central and peripheral effects of propranolol and sotalol in normal human subjects. Lader, MH; Tyrer, PJ, 1972)	0.77
" Dose-heart rate curves of the foetus and pregnant ewe to isoprenaline and the shift to the right of the isoprenaline dose-response curves by propranolol were similar in both the ewe and the foetus."	( Beta-adrenoceptive responses in the unanaesthetized ovine foetus. Van Petten, GR; Willes, RF, 1970)	0.45
"Sensitivity to propranolol varies widely, and dosage should be increased gradually."	( Treatment of hypertension with propranolol. Gillam, PM; Prichard, BN, 1969)	0.89
" In either group, the dose-response curve of dP/dt to isoproterenol was shifted upward by AR-L, but the actions of the two drugs were additive without real synergism (e."	( In vivo interaction of AR-L 115BS (Vardax) with the adrenergic nervous system. Cohn, JN; Francis, GS; From, AH; Petein, M; Pierpont, GL, )	0.13
"The dopamine alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor dose-response curves are investigated in four patients who are exempt from cardiovascular disease."	( The use of low doses of dopamine in intensive care medicine. D'Orio, V; el Allaf, D; Juchmès, J; Marcelle, R, 1984)	0.27
" Propranolol was found to be superior to placebo only at the higher dosage regimen (240 mg daily)."	( The response of essential tremor to propranolol: evaluation of clinical variables governing its efficacy on prolonged administration. Calzetti, S; Findley, LJ; Perucca, E; Richens, A, 1983)	1.45
" Quinidine inhibited T3 formation, with a dose-response curve which was similar over the concentrations studied to that of DL-propranolol."	( Inhibition by propranolol of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine formation from thyroxine in isolated rat renal tubules: an effect independent of beta-adrenergic blockade. Campbell, DG; Heyma, P; Larkins, RG, 1980)	0.83
" The dose-response curve for propranolol inhibition of 125I-hydroxybenzylpindolol binding duplicated that reported for its physiologic action."	( Beta receptor occupancy. Assessment in the intact animal. Homcy, CJ; Kopiwoda, S; Strauss, HW, 1980)	0.55
" Propranolol, in a dosage insufficient to change MABP, decreased both CO and CBF."	( Relationship of cerebral blood flow to cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, blood volume, and alpha and beta blockade in cats. Davis, DH; Sundt, TM, 1980)	1.17
" Dose-response relations for the depressant effects are similar for pacemaker frequency and for tension development in atrial and papillary muscle."	( Stimulant and depressant effects of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents on isolated heart muscle. A positive inotropic effect not mediated through andrenoceptors. Blinks, JR; Kaumann, AJ, 1980)	0.26
" Prazosin (PRZ), a selective alpha 1-receptor blocker, inhibited preferentially the positive phase of the inotropic response and displaced the dose-response curve of PE to the right in nanomolar concentrations, indicating a competitive mechanism of inhibition."	( Competitive blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors in rat heart by prazosin. Osnes, JB; Oye, I; Skomedal, T, 1980)	0.26
" Exercise tests were performed after each dosing period; isoprenaline stimulation was studied at the highest dose level."	( Comparative pharmacodynamics and plasma levels of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Bodem, G; Gugler, R; Höffgen, K; Krist, R; Raczinski, H, 1980)	0.26
" Dose-response curves to a beta agonist, albuterol, were obtained in six normal subjects by measuring specific airway conductance (sGaw) after increasing doses of inhaled albuterol."	( Assessment of bronchial beta blockade after oral bevantolol. Baldwin, CJ; Gribbin, HR; Mackay, AD; Tattersfield, AE, 1981)	0.26
" Dose-response curves for both drugs revealed that maximum attenuation of exercise tachycardia and systolic blood pressure were in the same range but suggested that indenolol induced a greater response in the lower doses."	( Dose-response studies of indenolol, a beta adrenoceptor blocker. Daneshmend, TK; Okupa, FE; Roberts, CJ; Shrosbree, E, 1981)	0.26
" Continuous intra-aortic infusion of phentolamine produced a dose-response decrease in uterine activity and blood flow."	( Effect of adrenergic blockade on dynamics of the pregnant primate uterus (Macaca mulatta). Harbert, GM; Spisso, KR, 1981)	0.26
" Coefficients of determination were calculated from the individual dose-response curves."	( Assessment of beta blockade with propranolol. Goldberger, V; Hager, WD; Mayersohn, M; Perrier, D; Pieniaszek, HJ, 1981)	0.54
" Clonidine followed by prazosin was added to their regimen on an outpatient basis to establish the dose-response for BP and catecholamines."	( Clonidine and prazosin effects in hypernoradrenergic vasodilator-treated and beta-blocker-treated patients. Mitchell, HC; Pettinger, WA, 1981)	0.26
" Log dose-response curves for increases in both heart rate (mostly beta 1), and amplitude of physiologic tremor (beta 2) were constructed for each subject in the control state and 2 hr after 10 or 40 mg propranolol, 200 mg sotalol, or placebo."	( Propranolol and sotalol as antagonists of isoproterenol-enhanced physiologic tremor. Fish, A; Perucca, E; Pickles, H; Richens, A, 1981)	1.89
" Thus, for determination of administration frequency and dosage of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, not only pharmacokinetic but also pharmacological data (duration of action) are essential."	( Duration and selectivity in beta-adrenoceptor blocking action of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, D-32 in conscious dogs. Himori, N; Honma, S; Ishimori, T; Izumi, A, 1981)	0.26
"Patient compliance can be improved by reducing the complexity of drug dosage and by better labeling, packaging and informational exchange."	( Once-a-day drug regimen for psychiatric patients. Hasan, MK; Mooney, RP, 1981)	0.26
" Thus shifts of the dose-response curves in BP and HR were observed."	( A simple method to determine the ratio of cardiac to vascular beta-receptor blockade in the rat in vivo. Kudo, Y; Sokabe, H; Zehr, JE, 1981)	0.26
" Standardized experiments were performed using a chronically reserpinized canine preparation for the assessment of dose-response curves of changes in hemodynamics, left ventricular contractility, heart rate, AV-conduction time, and myocardial oxygen consumption especially at therapeutic doses."	( Sympathomimetic and cardiodepressant effects of acebutolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, and propranolol. A comparative study on changes in hemodynamics, contractility, heart rate, and AV-conduction time at therapeutic doses. Bender, F; Gülker, H; Heuer, H; Kristek, J, 1981)	0.49
" Dose-response experiments with five logarithmically increased doses of pentagastrin and one dose of isoprenaline showed unchanged calculated maximum response and an increase in half-maximum acid response."	( Effect of isoprenaline on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in dogs with gastric fistula. Andersen, D; Bech, K; Gottrup, F; Hovendal, CP, 1981)	0.26
"To investigate the nature of the variable response to inhaled histamine in monkeys, we performed dose-response curves in a group of 10 anesthetized Macaca mulatta monkeys before and after administration of propranolol and atropine in inhaled doses sufficient to produce significant beta-adrenergic and cholinergic blockade of airway smooth muscle."	( Bronchial response to histamine after inhaled propranolol and atropine in monkeys. Nicholls, I; Pare, PD, 1982)	0.71
" Thus, it was of interest to study the dose-response relationship between an unselective (propranolol) and a beta 1-selective (atenolol) blocker and endurance exercise performance."	( Running performance as a function of the dose-response relationship to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Kaiser, P, 1982)	0.49
" 2 Isoprenaline heart rate dose-response curves showed parallel shifts to the right after oral prizidilol, indicating antagonism by this compound at beta-adrenoceptors in the heart."	( An assessment of beta-adrenoceptor blockade in man by prizidilol hydrochloride. Curry, PV; Pitcher, DW; Trounce, JR, 1982)	0.26
"In the isolated guinea-pig right atria and tracheal strips, both propranolol and YM-09538 caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve for isoproterenol to the right, indicating that these two drugs block nonselectively the beta 1 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors."	( Comparison of airway obstruction induced by propranolol and YM-09538 (a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug). Takenaka, T; Tomioka, K; Yamada, T, 1982)	0.76
" The maximum of the dose-response curve to isoprenaline, constructed after incubation with Ro 03-7894 and a 3 hr bath-washout, was depressed by 89."	( Comparison of the apparent irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist Ro 03-7894 with propranolol in cardiac ventricular muscle by pharmacological and radioligand binding techniques. Broadley, KJ; Rankin, A, 1982)	0.49
" 4 The fact that the shift of the dose-response curve of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia was smaller after metoprolol than after propranolol supports the hypothesis that beta 2-adrenoceptors are present in the heart."	( Relevance of selectivity and non-selectivity in beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Bonelli, J, 1982)	0.47
" Alpha-2 adrenergic activation, achieved with 10 muM epinephrine and 30 muM propranolol, significantly inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and glycerol release, shifting the dose-response curves to the right."	( Alpha-2 adrenergic activation inhibits forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and lipolysis in human adipocytes. Burns, TW; Bylund, DB; Forte, LR; Langley, PE; Terry, BE, 1982)	0.49
" What remains to be solved is the dosage level."	( Clinical experiences with prenalterol as an antidote to Beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Kulling, P, 1982)	0.26
" Medical treatment should be considered a failure only if maximal dosage of nitrates and beta blockers is attained without satisfactory control of symptoms."	( What is optimal drug therapy in angina pectoris? Brest, AN; Frankl, WS, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response curve with five doses of bethanechol with and without isoprenaline was in accordance with a non-competitive inhibition."	( Effect of isoprenaline on bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secrtion and mucosal blood flow in dogs with gastric fistula. Bech, K; Hovendal, CP, 1982)	0.26
" The present work investigates in vitro the inhibitory dose-response curves to histamine, 4-methyl-histamine and 2-pyridylethylamine in depolarized (KCl 37 mM) uterus from estrogenous sensitized rats."	( [Inhibitory action of histamine on the isolated rat uterus]. Esplugues, J; Marti-Bonmati, E; Morales-Olivas, FJ; Morcillo, E; Rubio, E, )	0.13
" In patients who respond to modest doses of pindolol, twice or even once daily dosing is often adequate."	( Pindolol: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects. Golightly, LK, )	0.13
" The two events generally paralleled one another when analyzed in terms of dose-response and time-response relationships."	( Role of cyclic AMP in adrenergically-induced tracheal muscle relaxation. Lau, YS; Lum, BK, 1983)	0.27
"Nifedipine is a strong calcium antagonist; it blocks the excitation-contraction coupling, yet at therapeutic dosage levels it has few side effects."	( What is preferable in unstable angina, beta-blockade or calcium-inhibition? Hugenholtz, PG; Serruys, PW; Simoons, ML, 1983)	0.27
" Pre-treatment of the rats with syrosingopine shifted the dose-response curve to the left (enhancement) while combined propranolol (800 micrograms/kg) and phentolamine (800 micrograms/kg) shifted the dose-response curve to the right (depression)."	( Rat endometrial bioelectric activity in vivo and in vitro: effects of adrenaline. Levin, RJ; Phillips, JC, 1983)	0.47
" sGaw was measured before dosing and after 2 h, just before salbutamol was inhaled."	( Time course of the bronchial response to salbutamol after placebo, betaxolol and propranolol. Kaik, G; Palminteri, R, 1983)	0.49
" Graded bolus injections of isoprenaline sulphate were given intravenously and control dose-response curves were drawn for the changes in heart rate and blood pressure."	( Heart rate and blood pressure responses to intravenous boluses of isoprenaline in the presence of propranolol, practolol and atropine. Arnold, JM; McDevitt, DG, 1983)	0.48
" The dosage should be reduced gradually, particularly the final decrement."	( The beta-adrenergic blockade withdrawal phenomenon. Bhattacharjee, P; Prichard, BN; Tomlinson, B; Walden, RJ, 1983)	0.27
"The dose-response curves of the beta-adrenergic agonists isoprenaline (mixed beta 1 and beta 2), prenalterol (beta 1-selective), noradrenaline (more beta 1 than beta 2) and salbutamol (beta 2-selective) were studied on adipose cells of the rat, in vitro."	( Characterization of the beta-adrenoceptor of the adipose cell of the rat. Curtis-Prior, PB; Tan, S, 1983)	0.27
" The effects of isoprenaline on four parameters in the anaesthetized cat: heart rate, blood pressure, soleus muscle contractility and airway reactance, were measured and the modification of the isoprenaline dose-response relation by each of the antagonist drugs assessed."	( The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on isoprenaline-induced changes in heart rate, blood pressure, soleus muscle contractility and airways function in anaesthetized cats. Letts, LG; Richardson, DP; Temple, DM; Williams, LR, 1983)	0.27
" Neuroleptic medications are still the mainstay of treatment, but recent studies suggest new approaches to dosage and to the treatment of acute psychosis."	( The pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia: a progress report. Baldessarini, RJ; Donaldson, SR; Gelenberg, AJ, 1983)	0.27
" Preincubation with cocaine, 10(-5) M, shifted the inhibitory dose-response curves of Iso and Orc to the left, 16."	( Mechanism of action of isoprenaline, isoxuprine, terbutaline and orciprenaline on gravid human isolated myometrium. Influence of the neuronal uptake process. Calixto, JB; Simas, CM, 1984)	0.27
" Similar dose-response curves were found for non-vagotomized dogs with high beta 2-adrenergic tone and dogs with low vagal tone (vagotomy) after pentagastrin and histamine stimulated acid secretion."	( Adrenergic receptors and gastric secretion in dogs. Is a "tonic balance" relationship between vagal and beta 2-adrenergic activity a possibility? Andersen, D; Bech, K; Gottrup, F; Hovendal, C, 1984)	0.27
" Isoprenaline dose-response curves for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and PRA showed similar parallel shifts after 1 day and 2 weeks of treatment."	( Antihypertensive effect and degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade after short-term and semi-chronic propranolol therapy. Boer, P; Dorhout Mees, EJ; Leenen, FH, 1984)	0.48
" However, in EM subjects twice-daily dosing is required even if slow release preparations are used, since plasma metoprolol concentrations may remain negligible 24 h after dosing."	( Polymorphic metabolism of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Lennard, MS; Ramsay, LE; Silas, JH; Tucker, GT; Woods, HF, 1984)	0.27
" The reduction in steady-state beta-adrenergic receptor drug concentration following enzyme induction is sufficiently large that an altered pharmacodynamic response would be expected if no dosage modification is made."	( Enzyme induction and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. Branch, RA; Herman, RJ, 1984)	0.27
" However, individual dose titration is recommended when switching from propranolol four times a day to nadolol once daily because of the dosage variability noted in 40 percent of the patients."	( Nadolol compared to propranolol for treating chronic stable angina pectoris. Crawford, MH; Miller, LA; O'Rourke, RA, 1984)	0.82
" However, POB shifted the dose-response curve for NAT induction by norepinephrine (NE) to the left."	( Modulation of rat pineal acetyl-Co A:arylamine N-acetyltransferase induction by alpha adrenergic drugs. Alphs, L; Lovenberg, W, 1984)	0.27
" Inhibition of aggregation by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists was manifested as a parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curve."	( Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and human platelets: relationship of effects to lipid solubility. Kerry, R; Scrutton, MC; Wallis, RB, 1984)	0.27
" These differences account for many of the observed variations in drug action and dosage scheduling as well as for some of the side effects."	( Beta-adrenergic blockers. Choosing among them. McGoon, MD; Vlietstra, RE, 1984)	0.27
" During a one-year treatment period following the comparative trial, the seven patients who had received bopindolol showed no evidence of tachyphylaxia, the blood-pressure remaining well controlled while the dosage was slightly reduced."	( Bopindolol, a new long-acting beta-adrenoceptor antagonist--a randomized comparison against propranolol in hypertensive patients. Axthelm, T; Kirch, W, 1983)	0.49
" Following a single oral dose of placebo, bevantolol 75 or 150 mg or propranolol hydrochloride 40 mg, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), heart rate, blood pressure and skeletal muscle tremor were measured before and after 4 increasing intravenous doses of terbutaline sulfate to establish terbutaline dose-response curves."	( Selectivity of bevantolol hydrochloride, a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, in asthmatic patients. Löfdahl, CG; Svedmyr, K; Svedmyr, N, )	0.37
" The changes in the sinus rate values reflect the degree of beta blockade, and the antiarrhythmic efficacy depends not only on the dosage but also on the nature of the drug used."	( Beta-blocking therapy in atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias: experience with nadolol. Attuel, P; Coumel, P; Escoubet, B, 1984)	0.27
" The dose-response curves constructed with intra-arterial or intravenous isoprenaline behave similarly in the presence of both atenolol 50 mg and propranolol 40 mg."	( Enhancement of physiological finger tremor by intravenous isoprenaline infusions in man: evaluation of its role in the assessment of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Arnold, JM; McDevitt, DG, 1984)	0.47
" Bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade was assessed as the displacement of the bronchodilator dose-response curve to inhaled isoprenaline after each beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug compared to placebo and expressed as the dose ratio."	( Assessment of beta-adrenoceptor selectivity of a new beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, bisoprolol, in man. Bacon, RJ; Cragg, DJ; Tattersfield, AE, 1984)	0.27
" Prazosin (10(-8) M-10(-6) M, alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist) produced a rightward shift of the phenylephrine and clonidine dose-response curve in both the trigone and urethra."	( Alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the smooth muscle of isolated rabbit urinary bladder and urethra. Satake, N; Shibata, S; Ueda, S, 1984)	0.27
" In Study 1 the short-term dose-response effects of propranolol (1-8 mg) or pindolol (0."	( Is the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) of beta-blocking compounds relevant in acute myocardial infarction? Ahuja, RC; Hafizullah, M; Hussain, M; Nelson, GI; Reynolds, G; Silke, B; Taylor, SH; Verma, SP, 1984)	0.52
" SCH 19927 produced a competitive alpha 1- and beta 1-blockade in vitro as indicated by the parallel shift to the right of the dose-response curves for norepinephrine and isoprenaline, respectively."	( Effects of the R, R-isomer of labetalol, SCH 19927, in isolated tissues and in spontaneously hypertensive rats during a repeated treatment. Bamonte, F; Forlani, A; Monopoli, A; Ongini, E; Parravicini, L, 1984)	0.27
" Alpha-blockade was confirmed by alpha-agonist dose-response studies."	( Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade on arrhythmias induced by acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the dog. Bolli, R; Fisher, DJ; Miller, RR; Taylor, AA; Young, JB, 1984)	0.27
" All patients had diastolic blood pressures above 95 mm Hg after therapy with thiazide diuretics for 2 weeks and were randomly assigned to treatment schedules which added minoxidil and propranolol in dosage ratios of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8."	( Minoxidil in the management of moderate hypertension. Alleyne, GA; Nicholson, GD; Valdes, G; Westerman, RL, 1980)	0.45
" No age differences were seen in the time course of amylase release following (-)-isoproterenol stimulation or in the (-)-isoproterenol dose-response curve."	( Beta-adrenergic regulation of rat parotid gland exocrine protein secretion during aging. Baum, BJ; Ito, H; Roth, GS, 1981)	0.26
" During propranolol administration, all dose-response curves to isoproterenol were predictably shifted to the right."	( Myocardial sensitivity to isoproterenol following abrupt propranolol withdrawal in conscious dogs. Daniell, HB; Newman, WH; Walle, T; Webb, JG, )	0.81
" Some dosage schedules of antithyroid drugs are considered, and some techniques for predicting remission status and relapse of disease are reported."	( [Hyperthyroidism in children (author's transl)]. Bozzola, M; Cisternino, M; Larizza, D; Livieri, C; Lorini, R; Salvatoni, A; Severi, F, )	0.13
" A moderate hypotension was induced by CV-1808, nifedipine, and nitroglycerin, while a significant reduction in cardiac function was seen after dosing with propranolol."	( Effect of 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV-1808) on ischemic ST-segment elevation in anesthetized dogs. Fujiwara, S; Hirata, M; Imamoto, T; Kawazoe, K; Matsumoto, N; Tanabe, M, )	0.33
" Similar dose-response curves for cyclic AMP production were obtained."	( Catecholamine stimulation of testosterone production via cyclic AMP in mouse Leydig cells in monolayer culture. Cooke, BA; Dix, CJ; Golding, M; Hunter, MG, 1982)	0.26
" The equipotent beta-blocking dose of each drug was obtained by comparing isoproterenol dose-response curves."	( Effects of equipotent blocking doses of acebutolol, acebutolol's primary metabolite, and propranolol on left ventricular hemodynamics in conscious awake dogs. Griffin, G; Harrison, DC; Kernoff, R; Magder, S; Rubenson, D, )	0.35
" Analysis of results indicated that the dose-response curve for the heart rate reduction resulting from propranolol for blacks was shifted to the right with respect to that for whites."	( Ethnic differences in response to beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol. Joubert, PH; Venter, CP, )	0.58
" The dose-response inhibition curve is paralleled by a fenoterol-induced increase in the cAMP levels of human leukocyte preparations."	( Inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophils and mast cells by fenoterol. Ambrosio, G; Bonaduce, D; Condorelli, M; Genovese, A; Marone, G; Triggiani, M, 1984)	0.27
" Dosage was titrated until normotension was attained and patients were then maintained on this treatment for a year."	( The correlation of changes in systolic blood pressure with regional anatomical regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in patients on chronic antihypertensive therapy (greater than 1 year): alpha-methyldopa compared to propranolol. Fernandez, PG; Furlong, L; Gill, V; Kim, BK; Ko, P; Lewis, H; McDonald, J; McManamon, P; Nolan, R; Reichek, N, 1984)	0.45
" The beta-blocking potency, estimated from the area under the dose-response curve (beta-blocking action) of carteolol, was also 300 times greater than that of propranolol and correlated well with the extent of the structural changes in the heart."	( Dose-related inhibitory effects of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs carteolol and propranolol on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Igawa, T; Ikezono, K; Kimura, Y; Watanabe, K, 1984)	0.69
" Despite high drug dosage and blood levels, only mild side effects were seen."	( High dose propranolol in the treatment of angina pectoris: relationship of dose to blood levels and hemodynamic consequences. Cassell, I; Cunningham, M; Gradman, AH; Ross, AM; Zaret, BL; Zito, RA, )	0.53
" Unexpected differences, not previously reportd, were found in the shapes of the cAMP accumulation dose-response curves of norepinephrine and isoproterenol."	( Neonatal rat pinealocytes: typical and atypical characteristics of [125I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation. Auerbach, DA; Aurbach, GD; Klein, DC; Woodard, C, 1981)	0.26
"In rabbit left atrium and ileum as well as in guinea-pig tracheal chain preparations dose-response curves for isoprenaline, adrenaline, noradrenaline and fenoterol have been determined."	( On the coexistence of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in various organs. Nick, B; Rohm, N; Schümann, HJ; Wagner, J, 1981)	0.26
"1 Plasma propranolol steady state concentration (Css) was determined during chronic dosage (160 mg/day) in 22 hyperthyroid patients (aged 16-75 years, 11 smokers, 11 non-smokers) and again following treatment when euthyroid."	( The influence of age, smoking and hyperthyroidism on plasma propranolol steady state concentration. Crooks, J; Feely, J; Stevenson, IH, 1981)	0.92
" Studies using the rat indicates that the dose-response relationship is of a threshold nature, with doses of 3 g/kg or greater abolishing spontaneous secretion."	( Effect of ethanol on spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone secretion. Redmond, GP, 1981)	0.26
" As indicated by dose-response curves, receptor occupancy of each occurs to an almost equal extent at suboptimal epinephrine concentrations."	( Cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic AMP-independent antagonism of insulin activation of cardiac glycogen synthase. Angelos, KL; Ramachandran, C; Walsh, DA, 1982)	0.26
" A dose-response relationship could be demonstrated in propranolol treated dogs by administering DB-cAMP at 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms/min at low but not at control blood pressure."	( Conditions for stimulation of renin release by cyclic AMP in anaesthetized dogs. Eide, I; Holdaas, H; Kiil, F; Langård, O, 1981)	0.51
" These recordings disclosed qualitative differences between the alpha-and Beta-inotropic response both in dose-response and time course experiments."	( Differences between alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic inotropic effects in rat heart papillary muscles. Osnes, JB; Oye, I; Skomedal, T, 1982)	0.26
" Tapering propranolol dosage is frequently used in the hope of preventing adverse withdrawal events but the success of such a maneuver has not been shown."	( Prevention of propranolol withdrawal mechanism by prolonged small dose propranolol schedule. Lutterodt, A; Nattel, S; Rangno, RE, 1982)	1.03
" Low concentrations (1 nM) of (+)-propranolol were observed to be equipotent with (+/-)-propranolol in shifting the dose-response curve of GABA-stimulated [3H]diazepam binding by approximately 1/2 log unit."	( Nanomolar concentrations of propranolol inhibit GABA-stimulated benzodiazepine binding to rat cerebral cortex. Morgan, PF; Stone, TW, 1982)	0.84
" For this purpose, dose-response curves for isoproterenol before and after addition of propranolol (5 X 10(-9) to 10(-6) M) or phentolamine (10(-6) M) to the bath were determined."	( [Analysis of the contraction induced by isoproterenol in isolated cerebral and femoral arteries of cat]. Marín, J; Salaices, M, 1982)	0.49
" Dopamine dosage should be about ten times as high to reproduce cardiodynamic and hemodynamic effects, comparable with the response to adrenaline and noradrenaline in terms of magnitude and pattern of development."	( [Effect of dopamine on coronary circulation]. Khomaziuk, AI; Kipshidze, NN; Neshcheret, AP, 1982)	0.26
" Full dose-response curves for isoproterenol were constructed in BP and HR."	( The ratio of cardiac to vascular beta-receptor blockade of atenolol and propranolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. Kudo, Y; Sokabe, H, 1982)	0.5
" Satisfactory dose-response curves could be constructed for the isoprenaline enhanced increases in finger tremor."	( An assessment of physiological finger tremor as an indicator of beta-adrenoceptor function. Arnold, JM; McDevitt, DG, 1983)	0.27
" In the presence of YOH, the ISO dose-response curve therefore completely disappears."	( Lipolysis in rat adipose tissue in vitro and its alpha 2 adrenergic control. Horný, I; Kadrabová, M; Mühlbachová, E; Zámostný, V, 1983)	0.27
" Dose-response curves and geometric mean ED50 values revealed the presence of supersensitivity to the chronotropic and inotropic effects of isoproterenol in vitro at 72 and 96 h after withdrawal."	( Propranolol withdrawal supersensitivity in rat cardiovascular tissue, in vitro. Tenner, TE, 1983)	1.71
" Cumulative administrations of leukotrienes desensitized the lung strip, whereas non-cumulative dose-response relationships for the leukotrienes and histamine were reasonably parallel."	( Mechanisms of leukotriene-induced contractions of guinea pig airways: leukotriene C4 has a potent direct action whereas leukotriene B4 acts indirectly. Dahlén, SE; Granström, E; Hammarström, S; Hedqvist, P; Lindgren, JA; Rådmark, O; Westlund, P, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response curve for ATP-induced contraction was shifted to the right by theophylline."	( Effect of apamin and theophylline on adenosine-5'-triphosphate-induced response of the guinea pig gallbladder. Ishikawa, Y; Takahashi, T; Yamamura, T, 1983)	0.27
" Dosages were titrated until the patient showed a sitting diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mm Hg or to a maximum dosage of 100 mg/day of hydrochlorothiazide, 320 mg of propranolol and 20 mg of prazosin."	( Monotherapy in mild to moderate hypertension: comparison of hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol and prazosin. Benowitz, N; Inouye, I; Loge, D; Massie, B; Simpson, P; Topic, N, 1984)	0.69
" Apart from the hydrochlorothiazide dosage which was fixed, the dosage of the other active drugs was titrated incrementally until the target blood pressure level was achieved."	( An appraisal of antihypertensive efficacy and adverse reactions with two drug regimens: enalapril maleate as part of triple therapy compared to conventional triple therapy in moderate to severe hypertension. Fernandez, PG; Galway, AB; Kim, BK, 1984)	0.27
" All three alpha antagonists employed produced in innervated glands parallel displacements of the dose-response curves to norepinephrine, prazosin being 30 and 100 times more potent than phentolamine and yohimbine, respectively."	( Alpha-1 adrenoceptors mediate secretory responses to norepinephrine in innervated and denervated rat submaxillary glands. Elverdin, JC; Luchelli-Fortis, MA; Perec, CJ; Stefano, FJ, 1984)	0.27
" Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed for the effect of immune IgG on nice oviductal tracts from proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, comparing them with those obtained with norepinephrine."	( Beta-adrenergic inhibitory effect of alloimmune antibody on isolated oviductal tract of mice. Borda, ES; Cremaschi, GA; Genaro, AM; Sales, ME; Sterin-Borda, L, 1984)	0.27
" A similar study was carried out with 12 patients taking propranolol for various cardiovascular problems; their dosage of this agent was not varied, however."	( Effect of timolol eye drops in subjects receiving systemic propranolol therapy. Blondeau, P; Côté, M; Tétrault, L, 1983)	0.75
" Patients were divided into two groups according to laboratory data and propranolol dosage needed for clinical compensation (group A: 240 mg/day; group B: 320-400 mg/day)."	( Propranolol and hyperthyroidism: serum free fatty acids and glucose-induced insulin release in nondiabetic thyrotoxic patients during treatment to clinical compensation. de Medeiros, YS; Francalanci, CC; Pinho, MO; Rosenthal, D, 1983)	1.94
" The double regimen caused a drop in pressure of 16/11 mm Hg after one month (daily doses 25 mg chlorthalidone, 103 +/- 25 mg propranolol), and this reduction did not change at the third month in spite of dosage increases (daily doses 25 mg chlorthalidone, 222 +/- 77 mg propranolol)."	( A crossover trial of oxdralazine in hypertension. Criscuolo, D; Galli, F; Salvadeo, A; Segagni, S; Villa, G, 1983)	0.47
" Indoramin dosage was subsequently adjusted in 25 mg steps (to maximum 150 mg daily), if necessary, at follow-up control visits every 14 days."	( Indoramin as second step therapy in the management of benign essential hypertension. Gherardi, S; Manzoli, U; Mazzari, M; Montenero, AS; Schiavoni, G, 1983)	0.27
"To test the hypothesis that the depression of cardiac performance induced by competitive blockade of sympathetic stimulation at beta-adrenoceptors could be attenuated by the addition of a high level of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or concomitant alpha- and beta-blockade, the haemodynamic dose-response effects of propranolol (non-cardioselective, no ISA), pindolol (non-cardioselective, high ISA) and labetalol (non-cardioselective, alpha-blocker) were compared in a randomized study of 30 patients with stable coronary artery disease."	( Beta-blockade in ischaemic heart disease--influence of concomitant ISA or alpha-blockade on haemodynamic profile. Ahuja, RC; Nelson, GI; Silke, B; Taylor, SH, 1983)	0.44
"Long-acting propranolol (Inderal LA) is a new formulation of propranolol that allows release of the drug in a controlled manner, so that the plasma concentration at 24 hr after dosing is greater with long-acting propranolol than with conventional tablets."	( Long-acting propranolol (Inderal LA): pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutic use. Mishriki, AA; Weidler, DJ, )	0.89
" Because of the complex pharmacokinetics associated with multiple-dose administration and the variation in individual patient responsiveness to the drug, 'standard' dosing recommendations are difficult to determine; use of verapamil must be titrated to a clinical end-point."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil. Blouin, RA; Hamann, SR; McAllister, RG, )	0.13
" Drug dosage was twice daily and titrated according to casual clinic pressures (propranolol, 40 to 240 mg twice a day; verapamil, 120 to 240 mg twice a day)."	( Propranolol versus verapamil for the treatment of essential hypertension. Gould, BA; Hornung, RS; Jones, RI; Raftery, EB; Sonecha, T, 1984)	1.94
" Cumulative dose-response curves for isoproterenol, norepinephrine and methoxamine were made for the different groups."	( In vitro contractile responses of the uterus from 'restricted diet' rats to adrenoceptor agonists. Influence of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Gimeno, AL; Gimeno, MA; Goldraij, A; Sterin, AB, 1983)	0.27
"In a double-blind, cross-over study the effect and tolerance of the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol in a dosage of 80 mg twice daily was compared to that of the beta 1-selective beta-blocker metoprolol 200 mg once daily in Durules (a controlled-release formulation)."	( Metoprolol and propranolol in the prophylactic treatment of classical and common migraine. A double-blind study. Hedman, C; Kangasniemi, P, 1984)	0.84
" Acid and pepsin secretion were inhibited in dose-response manner by dopamine in innervated mucosa, but all other effects of the compounds were different in parietal cells and chief cells and in vagally innervated and denervated mucosa."	( Dopaminergic and adrenergic influence on gastric acid and pepsin secretion stimulated by food. The role of vagal innervation. Berstad, A; Guldvog, I; Linnestad, P; Schrumpf, E, 1984)	0.27
" Cumulative dose-response curves to SCh were shifted to the right in a nearly parallel manner by (+)- and (-)-propranolol which were about equiactive."	( Curare-like effect of propranolol on rat extraocular muscles. Chiarandini, DJ, 1980)	0.79
" Free propranolol concentrations were lower 7 and 11 hr after dosing in the MI group, but concentrations thereafter were of the same order as those in subjects with CP."	( Propranolol disposition after acute myocardial infarction. Norris, RM; Paxton, JW, 1984)	2.19
" The beta 1,2 antagonist employed in the test decreased the contrast dosage by 13 per cent, causing the LD50."	( Diazepam, alpha and beta neurotransmission modifying drugs and contrast media mortality in mice. Johansson, G; Luostarinen, M; Virkkunen, P, 1984)	0.27
" Blood pressure was measured in standing and supine positions at the end of a dosing interval."	( Once-daily propranolol for hypertension. Gefter, ML; Hemmes, RJ; Lopez, LM, 1984)	0.66
" Thus a very steep dose-response curve was observed for each tissue."	( Differences in threshold for protamine toxicity in isolated atrial and ventricular tissue. Caplan, RA; Su, JY, 1984)	0.27
" Indobufen was first given as a single 200 mg dose and then for a 5 day period in a dosage of 200 mg twice daily, to six healthy volunteers."	( Indobufen interacts with the sulphonylurea, glipizide, but not with the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, propranolol and atenolol. Elvander-Ståhl, E; Melander, A; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1984)	0.48
"Whole-body autoradiography of rats dosed with [14C]propranolol or [14C]nadolol have confirmed physicochemical predictions that nadolol, in contrast to propranolol, penetrates the CNS only to a slight extent, if at all."	( Autoradiography of nadolol and propranolol in the rat. Saxey, A; Schiff, AA, 1984)	0.81
" In both groups the AUC over the steady-state dosing interval was on the average 21-27% higher than the AUC after a single dose, indicating a slight decrease in the systemic clearance of l-propranolol during repetitive intravenous drug administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of l-propranolol during repetitive dosing in normal and uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure rats. Shen, DD; Terao, N, 1984)	0.77
" The mean concentration achieved in seminal plasma at 2 h after dosing was almost identical to that in blood serum."	( Propranolol concentrations in blood serum, seminal plasma and saliva in man after a single oral dose. Grech, ED; Mahajan, P; Pearson, RM; Ridgway, EJ; Turner, P, 1984)	1.71
" The degree of beta 1-blockade (reduction in exercise tachycardia) was much the same on both dosing regimens at trough concentrations."	( Dynamics of propranolol dosing schedules. Coelho, JB; Dvornik, D; Kaufman, J; Krantz, KD; Lee, TY; Mullane, JF; Perdue, HS; Simon, J; Weidler, D, 1983)	0.64
"To determine whether the depression of left ventricular pumping activity associated with beta-blockade alone could be offset by a substantial degree of partial agonist activity, the haemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous propranolol and pindolol were compared in a randomised between-group saline controlled study in twenty patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease."	( Comparative haemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous propranolol and pindolol in patients with coronary heart disease. Ahuja, RC; Nelson, GI; Okoli, RC; Silke, B; Taylor, SH, 1983)	0.69
" The adrenaline-stimulated water flux exhibited a linear dose-response curve up to an adrenaline dosage of 750 micrograms kg-1; wt."	( Cholinergic and adrenergic effects on diffusional water flux in the toadfish, Opsanus beta. Evans, DH; Oduleye, SO, 1983)	0.27
" After an initial 2 week dosing period, all individuals additionally received 600 mg rifampicin daily for 3 weeks followed by a 4 week period during which again only the propranolol was given."	( Induction of propranolol metabolism by rifampicin. Herman, RJ; Nakamura, K; Wilkinson, GR; Wood, AJ, 1983)	0.83
" This dosage produced a minimal increase in heart rate and reduced the PR interval."	( The search for a digitalis substitute II milrinone (Win 47203). Its action on the heart-lung preparation of the dog. Farah, A; Kabela, E; Mendez, R; Pastelin, G, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response curve for Phe was markedly shifted to the left by papaverine in 6W rats, but slightly in 7M rats."	( Age-dependent differences in the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine on rat isolated atria. Hashimoto, H; Nakashima, M; Sugino, N, 1983)	0.27
" Propranolol (PROP) in sufficient dosage abolished the chemoreceptor response to NE and also markedly reduced the chemoreceptor response to hypoxia."	( Interaction between norepinephrine and hypoxia on carotid body chemoreception in rabbits. Milsom, WK; Sadig, T, 1983)	1.18
" Only the animals dosed with barbital exhibited severe withdrawal signs such as spontaneous withdrawal convulsions."	( Effects of propranolol on barbital dependence formation and withdrawal signs. Hiramori, T; Nakao, K; Tagashira, E; Urano, T; Yanaura, S, 1983)	0.66
" Dose-response curves were obtained one week prior to pretreatment and 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after the last dose of propranolol."	( Propranolol withdrawal-induced supersensitivity to the chronotropic effects of isoproterenol in the conscious rabbit. Tenner, TE, 1983)	1.92
" Dosage was adjusted to achieve a standing heart rate of 60 beats/min unless adverse effects occurred."	( Long-term medical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: usefulness of propranolol. Abdulla, AM; Frank, MJ; Prisant, L; Stefadouros, MA; Watkins, LO, 1983)	0.5
" Dosage was adjusted to a standing heart rate of 60 beats/min unless adverse drug effects developed."	( Rhythm disturbances in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies: relationship to symptoms and the effect of 'complete' beta blockade. Abdulla, AM; Frank, MJ; Prisant, LM; Stefadouros, MA; Watkins, LO, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response curve for the stimulating effect of neostigmine on saliva production was shifted to the right in borderline hypertensive as compared with normotensive subjects."	( Studies of salivary flow in borderline hypertension: effects of drugs acting on structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Rahn, KH; Schols, M; van Baak, MA; van Hooff, M, 1984)	0.27
"The comparative haemodynamic dose-response effects of beta- (propranolol) or alpha- plus beta-blockade (labetalol) were evaluated in a randomised between-group study of 16 patients with an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction."	( Comparison of haemodynamic dose-response effects of beta- and alpha-beta-blockade in acute myocardial infarction. Ahuja, RC; Nelson, GI; Silke, B; Taylor, SH; Walker, C, 1984)	0.51
" The dose-response curve describing LTD4-induced changes in dynamic lung compliance (CDYN) and pulmonary resistance (RL) [as reflective indices of bronchoconstriction] was shifted to the left by approximately 20-fold by propranolol."	( Propranolol potentiates leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and enhances antagonism by FPL 55712. Kirchner, T; Weichman, BM, 1984)	1.9
"To evaluate the possible influence of sympathetic activation on the haemodynamic response to intravenous beta-blockade, the dose-response characteristics of three boluses of propranolol were evaluated in 8 patients with uncomplicated infarction and compared in a similar number of patients with stable angina."	( Enhanced haemodynamic effects of propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. Ahuja, RC; Hussain, M; Nelson, GI; Silke, B; Taylor, SH; Verma, SP; Walker, C, 1984)	0.74
" Also during treatment, fewer patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide required termination as compared with those receiving propranolol; comparative dosage requirements were lower; additional titration during long-term treatment was required less often, and BP remained lower after withdrawal of the active drugs."	( Comparison of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide for the initial treatment of hypertension. II. Results of long-term therapy. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. , 1982)	0.83
" Dosage was titrated for each patient to achieve normotensive levels and was in the range of 40 to 320 mg twice daily."	( Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy: propranolol versus oxprenolol in accelerated hypertension. Fernandez, PG; Galway, AB; Granter, S; Kim, BK; Sharma, JN; Zachariah, PK, 1982)	0.53
" A booster dosage of 5 to 20 mg of minoxidil was given at four hours if the diastolic BP exceeded 100 mm Hg."	( Rapid control of severe hypertension with minoxidil. Alpert, MA; Bauer, JH, 1982)	0.26
" Prior to study, 2 hours post dosing and coincident with immediate pre-exercise on treadmill, at graded increases of exercise and 2 hours post exercise (approximately 4 hours post dosing), blood was sampled for potassium, renin concentration, aldosterone and catecholamines."	( Potassium disposition and neuroendocrine effects of propranolol, methyldopa and clonidine during dynamic exercise. Affrime, MB; Falkner, B; Hakki, H; Lowenthal, DT; Rosenthal, L; Saris, S, 1982)	0.51
" Before the study, 2 hr after dosing and coincident with immediate preexercise on treadmill (at graded increases of exercise), and 2 hr after exercise, blood was sampled for determination of potassium, renin, aldosterone, and catecholamine levels."	( Biochemical and dynamic responses to single and repeated doses of methyldopa and propranolol during dynamic physical activity. Affrime, MB; Falkner, B; Gould, AB; Lowenthal, DT; Rosenthal, L; Saris, S, 1982)	0.49
" Long-acting propranolol in a once daily dosage of 160 mg proved to be effective over a 6-week period of treatment with no significant side-effects."	( Comparison of sustained-release clonidine and long-acting propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. Lawson, AA; Rodrigues, E, 1982)	0.88
" and may be preferred by some patients because of the simple dosage regimen."	( Metoprolol in angina pectoris complicated by essential hypertension. A clinical comparison of the antianginal efficacy of metoprolol slow-release tablets (Durules) given once daily and propranolol tablets given twice daily. BLoem, TJ; Lindner, PC, 1981)	0.45
" The dosage of each drug was adjusted at monthly clinic visits until satisfactory control of blood pressure was achieved (140/90 mm Hg or less by cuff) or the maximum dose in the study protocol was reached."	( Ambulatory blood pressure during once-daily randomised double-blind administration of atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, and slow-release propranolol. Floras, JS; Hassan, MO; Jones, JV; Sleight, P, 1982)	0.47
" Each treatment was given for a period of 4 weeks at two different dosage regimens (150 and 300 mg daily for metoprolol, 120 and 240 mg daily for propranolol)."	( Controlled study of metoprolol and propranolol during prolonged administration in patients with essential tremor. Calzetti, S; Findley, LJ; Perucca, E; Richens, A, 1982)	0.74
" Each compound was administered by intravenous single dose injection, dosage being 1 mg/kg for propranolol, 10 mg/kg for phenytoin, and 3,5 mg/kg for lidocain."	( [Pharmacokinetics of propranolol, phenytoin and lidocaine in hypercholesterolemic rabbits]. Albin, H; Pehourcq, F; Ploux, D; Vinçon, G, )	0.67
" 5 Clinically important changes in drug effect may be present acutely, within the dosing interval, as a result of altered drug binding."	( Variations in drug free fraction during alcohol withdrawal. Khouw, V; Naranjo, CA; Sandor, P; Sellers, EM, 1983)	0.27
"1 The effects on heart rate and blood pressure after single and multiple dosing (1 month) of a long acting formulation of propranolol 160 mg daily, and conventional propranolol, 80 mg twice daily, or 160 mg daily were compared in 11 moderately hypertensive subjects previously shown to respond to propranolol."	( The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of conventional and long-acting propranolol in patients with moderate hypertension. Breckenridge, AM; Green, GJ; MacIver, M; Orme, ML; Serlin, MJ; Sibeon, RG, 1983)	0.7
"3 mg/kg) or prazosin in high dosage (0."	( Bronchopulmonary effects of clonidine on the bronchomotor responses of the guinea-pig. Advenier, C; Floch, A; Mallard, B, 1983)	0.27
" Inhalation dose-response curves to PGE2 in doses from 10 to 400 micrograms were constructed on three separate occasions."	( The effects of oral propranolol and indomethacin on the response to inhaled PGE2 in normal human subjects. Bevan, M; Davies, BH; Walters, EH, 1982)	0.59
" The daily dosage of propranolol and clonidine was 160 mg and 100 microgram, respectively."	( Propranolol (Inderal) and clonidine (Catapressan) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. A comparative trial. Kåss, B; Nestvold, K, 1980)	2.02
" When compared with previous work, these results indicate that propranolol attenuates nitroprusside-induced renin release, reduces the dosage of nitroprusside required to induce hypotension, suppresses reflex tachycardia, and prevents overshoot hypertension on discontinuation of nitroprusside."	( Propranolol alters renin release during nitroprusside-induced hypotension and prevents hypertension on discontinuation of nitroprusside. Khambatta, HJ; Khan, E; Stone, JG, 1981)	1.94
" 4 The synergistic effect was even more pronounced after reduction in propranolol dosage to 50% of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking dose, reflecting the myocardial depressant effects of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in these patients with coronary heart disease, some of whom had poor left ventricular function."	( The combination of nifedipine and propranolol in the management of patients with angina pectoris. Beattie, JM; Hutton, I; Murray, RG; Tweddel, AC, 1981)	0.78
" Consequently, the insulin dose-response curve of SSBG apparently shifted rightwards in KK mice."	( Determination of overall insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice, KK. Ikeda, H; Ishikawa, E; Iwatsuka, H; Taketomi, S, 1982)	0.26
" Pindolol and propranolol lowered PRA comparably at equivalent dosages, although this effect was not consistently observed in all studies or at all dosage levels."	( Pindolol: effects on blood pressure and plasma renin activity. Bennett, CM; Glassock, RJ; Gonasun, L; Hamilton, B; Kirkendall, W; Maxwell, M; Weitzman, RE; Winer, N, 1982)	0.62
" Steady-state TCA plasma levels correlate well with tissue concentrations and permit adjustment of dosage to minimize the risk of iatrogenic poisoning."	( Toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants--kinetics, mechanism, intervention: a review. Irwin, HA; Preskorn, SH, 1982)	0.26
" Following infusion of propranolol to the mother, steady-state plasma concentrations were obtained at three dosage levels in each of the eight animals studied."	( The developing liver: the steady-state disposition of propranolol in pregnant sheep. Hardy, KJ; Mihaly, GW; Morgan, DJ; Smallwood, R, )	0.69
"(1) The methods available for assessment of the regulatory features of dose-response relationships that do not conform to the Hill equation are considered, and the sensitisation index Si introduced (2) The value of determining Si is assessed using lipolytic dose-response relationships yielded by beta-adrenergic agonists both alone and in the presence of their specific antagonists [D."	( Analysis of apparent co-operativity in the catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis of rat adipose tissue. Cooper, DM; Davies, JI; Everett, D, 1982)	0.26
"Experiments have been carried out in dogs and man to determine the effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol and to evaluate the bioavailability of two dosage forms containing both propranolol and HCT (40/25 and 80/25 mg, respectively)."	( Biopharmaceutical characteristics of a new propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide tablet combination. Dubuc, J; Dvornik, D; Kraml, M; Lee, TY; Mullane, J; Patterson-Kreuscher, S; Perdue, H, )	0.6
"Following oral dosing to steady state, the disposition of S(-)- and R(+)-propranolol and their corresponding glucuronide conjugates was studied in 4 healthy adults using doses from 40 to 320 mg/day of the racemate."	( Stereoselective disposition and glucuronidation of propranolol in humans. Holford, NH; Riegelman, S; Silber, B, 1982)	0.75
" During multiple oral dosage (80 mg every 12 h), observed steady state serum levels (47 +/- 5 ng/ml) tended to be less than those predicted based on the single oral dose (61 +/- 5 ng/ml), thus providing no evidence for reduced propranolol clearance at steady-state."	( Kinetics and cardiac effects of propranolol in humans. Bodem, G; Greenblatt, DJ; Grube, E; Knüchel, M; Ochs, HR, 1982)	0.73
" Incubation of tissues with papaverine (1 hr) changed the usual dose-response curve to isoproterenol into a low, monotonous effect, independent of the agonist dose."	( Papaverine-induced changes on cardiac inotropism with special reference to a D-propranolol antagonism. Aramendía, P; Márquez, MT, 1982)	0.49
" Preliminary results of prophylactic treatment with propranolol are encouraging; smaller dosage than those previously recommended sometimes can be effective."	( Hemiplegic migraine in childhood: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Lai, CW; Lansky, LL; Torres, F; Ziegler, DK, 1982)	0.51
"One hundred sixty-nine normal men received varying propranolol dosage regimens and placebo."	( Propranolol dosage, plasma concentration, and beta blockade. Coelho, J; Dvornik, D; Kaufman, J; Mullane, JF, 1982)	1.96
" Since concentrations which suppress the lymphocyte mitogen dose-response are much greater than the Kd for the binding site, it may be suggested that the suppression of the mitogen dose-response is a result of nonspecific effects of propranolol."	( Use of fluorescent probes to monitor propranolol effects on the murine splenic lymphocyte. Audus, KL; Gordon, MA; Johnson, DL, )	0.59
" The combination was given in a dosage that produced values for systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and maximal positive left-ventricular dP/dt (LV dP/dt) that were similar to those produced by halothane."	( Treatment of myocardial ischemia with halothane or nitroprusside-propranolol. Bainton, CR; Gerson, JI; Hickey, RF, 1982)	0.5
" Additionally, EVI(+)S dose-response curves of classical signs of digitalis cardiac toxicity shifted to the left."	( Chagasic sera alter the effects of ouabain on isolated rat atria. Participation of adrenergic mechanisms. Arana, R; Borda, E; Canga, L; Cossio, P; Diez, C; Gimeno, AL; Sterin-Borda, L, 1981)	0.26
" The dosage can be sufficiently guided by clinical evaluation of effect."	( Essential tremor treated with propranolol: lack of correlation between clinical effect and plasma propranolol levels. Jansen, EC; Paulson, OB; Steiness, E; Sørensen, PS, 1981)	0.55
" It is concluded that in the doses used, slow release oxprenolol administered once daily does not exert as consistent a beneficial effect on exercise tolerance throughout the dosing schedule as does propranolol given four times daily."	( Slow release oxprenolol in angina pectoris: study comparing oxprenolol, once daily, with propranolol, four times daily. Olowoyeye, JO; Parker, JO; Thadani, U, 1981)	0.67
"Criteria for the choice of drug dosage are established."	( [Determination of the criteria for selecting the optimal obsidan and hypothiazide treatment regimen in hypertension based on mathematical modelling data]. Churnosov, EV; Katiukhin, VN; Temirov, AA, 1981)	0.26
" He responded to ventilator support, transvenous pacing, and massive dosage of isoprenaline."	( Self-poisoning with propranolol. Fisher, MM; Ibels, LS; Tynan, RF, 1981)	0.59
" In addition, in five patients the area under the plasma propranolol concentration versus time curve during a dosing interval increased significantly from 405 ng/ml/h when hyperthyroid to 778 ng/ml/h when euthyroid."	( Plasma propranolol steady state concentrations in thyroid disorders. Crooks, J; Feely, J; Stevenson, IH, 1981)	0.96
" Pyd action is modified only by the most active purine 2-Cl-adenosine, which displaces the dose-response curves to the right."	( Interactions between hydralazine, propildazine and purines on arterial smooth muscle. Chevillard, C; Saiag, B; Worcel, M, 1981)	0.26
" On rechallenge with 10 mg qid the patient displayed no problems; however, when the dosage was increased to 20 mg qid, the diarrhea returned."	( Severe diarrhea secondary to propranolol. Burtner, DE; Robinson, JD, 1981)	0.55
" However, a higher proportion of patients achieved satisfactory control (BP less than 160/95 mm Hg) on FUR than on HCT and, in addition, there was a more marked dose-response effect with FUR."	( Controlled comparison of the effects of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide added to propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. Dombey, SL; Lawrence, J; Vander Elst, E; Vlassak, W, 1981)	0.49
" The amount of isoproterenol required to increase the heart rate by 25 beats/min was determined at each dosage level."	( Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol in conscious euthyroid and thyrotoxic calves: dosage requirements and effects on heart rate and left ventricular performance. Goldman, S; Mayersohn, M; Morkin, E; Olajos, M; Perrier, D; Pieniaszek, H, 1981)	0.55
" Comparison of the systemic blood levels obtained after peripheral and portal dosage indicated that hepatic extraction was much more efficient in the adult."	( Fetal hepatic function: the disposition of propranolol in the pregnant sheep. Hardy, KJ; Marshall, AW; Mihaly, GW; Morgan, DJ; Smallwood, RA, 1981)	0.53
" 4 Forearm blood flow, at rest, was significantly reduced at 2 h after dosing with propranolol, but not after acebutolol."	( The effects of oral acebutolol and propranolol on forearm blood flow in hypertensive patients. Ireland, MA; Littler, WA, 1981)	0.76
" In aortic strip preparations, Wu-Chu-Yu caused the increase of contractile force, and the dose-response curve was parallel shift to the right in the presence of phentolamine."	( In vivo and in vitro studies on the mechanism of cardiovascular effects of Wu-Chu-Yu (Evodiae fructus). Chen, CF; Chen, SM; Chow, SY; Lin, MT, 1981)	0.26
" dosage the radioactivity was largely cleared via the kidneys."	( Disposition of pranolium chloride in dogs, baboons and monkeys. Allan, L; Barrow, A; Haskins, NJ; Palmer, RF; Rogers, M; Rose, DA, 1981)	0.26
" Conventional propranolol at a dosage of 160 mg/day was frequently insufficient to produce a high degree of beta-adrenergic blockade, particularly in severely thyrotoxic patients."	( Propranolol in the surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism, including severely thyrotoxic patients. Crooks, J; Feely, J; Forrest, AL; Gunn, A; Hamilton, WF, 1981)	2.07
" The chronotropic dose-response curves were made in both spontaneously beating atria while inotropic effects were derived from left atria driven at 1 Hz, 5 msec and voltage about 20 percent above threshold."	( Interactions between sympathomimetic agonists and blocking agents: cardiac effects of phenylephrine and isoproterenol. Aramendía, P; Márquez, MT; Mikulić, LE, )	0.13
" Despite this, PGE2 caused bronchodilatation and reproducible dose-response curves were obtained, with a maximum increase in sGaw of 53%."	( Effect of propranolol on the airway response to prostaglandin E2 in normal man. Clarke, VS; Lewis, RA; Seth, RV; Tattersfield, AE, 1981)	0.67
" The variability in the areas under the concentration-time curves of propranolol appeared to be smaller after the 80-mg twice-a-day dosing schedule."	( Comparative bioavailability of propranolol: twice-daily versus four times-daily administration. Dubuc, J; Dvornik, D; Kraml, M; Milosovich, G; Mullane, JF; Patterson-Kreuscher, S, )	0.65
" Once-daily propranolol dosage was well tolerated and possibly gave less rise to the troublesome side effect of vivid dreaming."	( One and three doses of propranolol a day in hypertension. Boer, P; Dorhout Mees, EJ; Geyskes, GG; van Asten, P; van den Brink, G, 1980)	0.95
"The effect of conventional propranolol and bendrofluazide tablets given twice daily has been compared with an equivalent dosage combined in a single capsule given twice daily in fourteen patients with essential hypertension."	( Treatment of essential hypertension with a combination of propranolol and bendrofluazide. Dawes, PM; Solomon, LR, 1980)	0.8
"The dose-response and time-action parameters for the prototype antiarrhythmic drugs lidocaine, propranolol and quinidine were established using a cardiac antiarrhythmic screening procedure in the rat."	( A cardiac antiarrhythmic screening test in the rat: the effects of lidocaine, propranolol and quinidine. Baker, T; Erker, EF, 1980)	0.71
" The areas under the plasma concentration curve at conversion of ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm were similar for both dosage groups with area under the plasma concentration curve proportional to myocardial UM-272 concentration."	( Plasma and myocardial tissue concentrations of UM-272 (N,N-dimethylpropranolol) after oral administration in dogs. Lucchesi, BR; Patterson, E; Stetson, P, 1980)	0.5
" In patients as well as in normal subjects, the data indicated considerable beta-blocking effects for both drugs at the end of a 12-hourly dosing schedule, suggesting that twice-daily timolol and propranolol may be clinically practical."	( Plasma timolol levels and systolic time intervals. Chew, C; Collett, J; Singh, BN; Whitlock, RM; Williams, FM, 1980)	0.45
" Steady-state daily dosage of propranolol averaged 225 +/- 36 mg (range, 80 to 400)."	( Massive propranolol metabolite retention during maintenance hemodialysis. Stone, WJ; Walle, T, 1980)	0.98
" In a group of 40 patients, including 10 severely thyrotoxic patients, who had the dosage of propranolol titrated objectively preoperatively to bring about a greater than 25% reduction in exercise heart rate at the end of a dosage interval, no case of thyroid storm was encountered."	( Propranolol dosage in thyrotoxicosis. Crooks, J; Feely, J; Forrest, A; Gunn, A; Hamilton, W; Stevenson, I, 1980)	1.92
" If the elimination of this drug is enhanced in thyrotoxic patients, one may consider necessary a modification of the dosage regimien when treating patients with this dysfunction."	( No enhanced elimination of propranolol in patients with hyperthyroidism. Ishizaki, T; Masuno, M; Tawara, K, 1980)	0.56
" The resting heart rate is faster with labetalol than with an equivalent dosage of propranolol."	( Comparison of labetalol and propranolol in treatment of hypertension. Harvald, B, 1980)	0.78
" Adequate beta-adrenoceptor blockade in hyperthyroid patients may require higher propranolol dosage than expected."	( Effects of thyroid dysfunction on propranolol kinetics. Kelly, JG; McDevitt, DG; Neill, JD; Riddell, JG, 1980)	0.77
" In addition, the findings support the assumption that therapeutic failure with beta-blockers in hyperthyroidism may be due to suboptimal treatment, and that individualized dosage is necessary."	( Effects and plasma levels of propranolol and metoprolol in hyperthyroid patients. Melander, A; Nilsson, OR; Tegler, L, 1980)	0.55
" In the dosage range studied, the amount of propranolol reaching the systemic circulation increased with dose, while half-lives remained unchanged."	( Dose-dependent disposition of oral propranolol in normal subjects. Jusko, WJ; Mackichan, JJ; Pyszczynski, DR, )	0.67
" Dose-response curves for heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure were obtained in 16 male patients after intravenous administration of three increasing doses of pindolol, propranolol or placebo."	( A comparison of the acute haemodynamic effects of propranolol and pindolol at rest and during supine exercise in man. Carlsen, JE; Hartling, O; McNair, A; Svendsen, TL; Trap-Jensen, J, 1980)	0.7
" Dose-response curves obtained for carbachol and isoproterenol indicated that the maximum response to carbachol is greater than that to isoproterenol but that the threshold for response to isoproterenol is much lower than that to carbachol."	( Autonomic control of lacrimal protein secretion. Bromberg, BB, 1981)	0.26
" 6 There is, therefore, no pharmacokinetic basis to adjust the dosage of propranolol in patients with renal failure."	( Propranolol disposition in renal failure. Shand, DG; Spannuth, CL; Stone, WJ; Vestal, RE; Wilkinson, GR; Wood, AJ, 1980)	1.94
" caused dose-dependent parallel rightward shifts of the dose-response curves (DBP and LVdP/dtmax) without altering the maximal responses to AII."	( Effect of various angiotensin receptor antagonists on cardiovascular responses to angiotensin II in pithed rats. Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA; Zhang, J, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves of the sedative effect of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine were established, a sedative effect being defined as a decrease in overall horizontal displacements, rearings and hole visits."	( Novelty seeking behavior in the rat is dependent upon the integrity of the noradrenergic system. Dyon-Laurent, C; Hervé, A; Sara, SJ, 1995)	0.29
" In nonfailing ventricular myocardium, both DL-sotalol and D-sotalol shifted the dose-response curve for isoproterenol to higher concentrations (P < ."	( Positive and negative inotropic effects of DL-sotalol and D-sotalol in failing and nonfailing human myocardium under physiological experimental conditions. Fraedrich, G; Hasenfuss, G; Holubarsch, C; Just, H; Pieske, B; Posival, H; Ruf, T; Schneider, R, 1995)	0.29
" Losartan, but not PD123177, shifted the dose-response curves for AII to the right in a parallel manner."	( Hemodynamic effects of angiotensin II and the influence of angiotensin receptor antagonists in pithed rabbits. Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA; Zhang, J, 1995)	0.29
") was used in all experiments except the dose-response relationship study."	( Role of the sympathoadrenal axis in the cardiovascular response to cocaine in conscious unrestrained rats. Chen, BX; Myles, J; Wilkerson, RD, 1995)	0.29
" Therefore, this study was designed to determine whether differences in the disposition of S- and R-propranolol occur in humans when altering the input rate of propranolol by giving different dosage forms of the drug."	( The effect of dosage release formulations on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol stereoisomers in humans. Amidon, GL; Bleske, BE; Rose, S; Shea, MJ; Welage, LS, 1995)	0.74
" Though acute reversible psychosis has been appreciated after initiating or increasing propranolol dosage therapeutically, this association has not been reported in the literature regarding beta blocker overdose or intoxication."	( Toxic psychosis: an unusual presentation of propranolol intoxication. Handler, JA; Love, JN, 1995)	0.78
" alpha-Adrenoceptor blockade by dopexamine and fenoldopam was confirmed by the parallel displacement of dose-response curves for the vasopressor responses to noradrenaline."	( Renal vasodilatation by dopexamine and fenoldopam due to alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade. Broadley, KJ; Martin, SW, 1995)	0.29
" Propranolol (4 mg) was dosed into the reservoir as a single bolus and perfusate and bile sampled over 150 min."	( Fetal hepatic propranolol metabolism. Studies in the isolated perfused fetal sheep liver. Ching, MS; Ghabrial, H; Morgan, DJ; Ring, JA; Shulkes, A; Smallwood, RA, 1995)	1.56
" Thirty-three patients were randomized to relaxation-biofeedback training alone (administered in a limited-contact treatment format), or to relaxation-biofeedback training accompanied by long-acting propranolol (with dosage individualized at 60, 120, or 180 mg/day)."	( Enhancing the effectiveness of relaxation-thermal biofeedback training with propranolol hydrochloride. Cordingley, GE; France, JL; Holroyd, KA; Kvaal, SA; Lipchik, GL; McCool, HR; Rokicki, LA, 1995)	0.71
"The intravenous and oral dose kinetics and metabolism of the enantiomers of propranolol were investigated in five dogs during steady-state oral racemic propranolol dosing (5 mg/kg, every 8 hr for 3 days)."	( Effects of diltiazem on the disposition and metabolism of the enantiomers of propranolol in the dog during multiple oral dosing. Bai, SA; Lankford, SM; Maskasame, C, )	0.59
" Specificity of the method for 1045U85 was demonstrated using spiked plasma samples as well as plasma samples from dosed animals."	( Development and validation of a chiral LC method for analysis of the four stereoisomers of 1045U85 in plasma. Deal, DL; McNulty, MJ; Page, TL, 1994)	0.29
" Drugs were dosed cumulatively after the second, fourth and sixth exercise periods."	( The haemodynamic actions of ZENECA ZD7288, a novel sino-atrial node function modulator, in the exercising beagle: a comparison with zatebradine and propranolol. Johnson, IR; Rouse, W; Stafford, PJ, 1994)	0.49
" The pulmonary vascular dose-response relation to the sympathetic alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine also was investigated in conscious and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs (n = 6)."	( Isoflurane and the pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relation at baseline and during sympathetic alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor activation in chronically instrumented dogs. Lennon, PF; Murray, PA, 1995)	0.29
"75, 10, and 30 mg) of cilazapril reduced diastolic blood pressure dose-dependently and shifted the angiotensin I dose-response curves to the right."	( Review of studies on the clinical pharmacodynamics of cilazapril. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, K, 1994)	0.29
" Activation of thermogenesis with the selective beta 3-agonist BRL 35135 (BRL) reduced heat influx by both obese and lean rats at doses between 2 and 10 micrograms/kg, but no dose-response effects were evident within this range."	( Effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on thermoregulation in the cold in lean and obese Zucker rats. Carlisle, HJ; Dubuc, PU; Stock, MJ, 1993)	0.29
" Most antihypertensives can be given once or twice daily without the need for sustained-release dosage forms."	( Selected factors that influence responses to antihypertensives. Choosing therapy for the uncomplicated patient. Carter, BL; Elliott, WJ; Frohlich, ED; Mann, RJ; Moore, MA; Roberts, RW, 1994)	0.29
" A propranolol dose-response was studied for each strain: (1) saline solution controls (n = 18); (2) propranolol, 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (n = 18); (3) propranolol, 30 mg/kg (n = 14)."	( Expansion of aortic aneurysms is reduced by propranolol in a hypertensive rat model. Gadowski, GR; Hendley, ED; Pilcher, DB; Ricci, MA; Slaiby, JM, 1994)	1.17
"This study investigated the effects of isamoltane on the changes induced by cumulative doses of inhaled albuterol (salbutamol) on bronchomotor tone, skeletal muscle, circulatory system, and metabolism after single (day 1) and multiple dosing (day 7) in 15 healthy subjects."	( Assessment of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade after isamoltane, a 5-HT1-receptor active compound, in healthy volunteers. Bauer, K; Dietersdorfer, F; Kaik, G, 1993)	0.29
" The hypotensive action of NZ-105 were reproducible after repeated dosing for 12 weeks."	( Effects of long-term oral administration of NZ-105, a novel calcium antagonist, with or without propranolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kasuya, Y; Masuda, Y; Sakai, T; Shigenobu, K; Shudo, C; Tanaka, S, 1993)	0.5
" On a dosage basis, the order of antifibrillatory potency of these compounds is: carazolol-FD > propranolol-FD > carazolol > propranolol > celiprolol-FD > celiprolol."	( Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of the antifibrillatory effect of fluorinated derivatives of carazolol and celiprolol: comparison with propranolol. Aboul-Enein, HY; Almotrefi, AA; Dzimiri, N; Premkumar, LS, 1993)	0.7
" Dosage had no influence on the plasma binding of either enantiomer."	( Contribution of differences in plasma binding of propranolol to ethnic differences in sensitivity. Comparison between Chinese and Caucasians. Shay, SD; Wood, AJ; Zhou, HH, 1993)	0.54
" All patients took propranolol at a dosage of 10 mg, 3 times a day for 7 days."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol used for suppressing tachycardia in hyperthyroidism. Masuda, H; Miyake, F; Motohashi, F; Murayama, M; Musha, H; Sugai, J; Takada, H, 1994)	0.94
" In the rats dosed with propranolol and clenbuterol plus propranolol, no modifications occurred in estrogen receptor concentrations when compared with control values."	( Regulation of uterine estrogen receptors (ER) by beta-adrenergic stimulation in immature rats. Badino, P; Dacasto, M; Di Carlo, F; Girardi, C; Re, G, 1993)	0.59
" Drug interaction studies with fluvastatin and cholestyramine (CME) demonstrated a lower rate and extent of fluvastatin bioavailability; no impact on efficacy was demonstrated when CME was given 4 h before fluvastatin dosing in clinical trials."	( Pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and specific drug interactions. Hwang, DS; Jokubaitis, LA; Robinson, WT; Smith, HT; Troendle, AJ, 1993)	0.29
" The overall increase in aggression observed following dosing with propranolol was not expected from a review of the clinical literature."	( Propranolol-induced increases in target-biting attack. Matray-Devoti, J; Wagner, GC, 1993)	1.96
" NA increased mucociliary activity at a dosage of 10(-5) mol/kg, the maximal increase being 16."	( The effect of noradrenaline on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus. Cervin, A; Lindberg, S; Mercke, U, 1993)	0.29
"Combined treatment with propranolol and reserpine enhanced acetylcholine-induced dose-response curves for bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs in vivo."	( Pharmacological model for airway hypersensitivity produced by propranolol and reserpine in guinea pigs. Goto, S; Inagaki, N; Koda, A; Nagai, H, 1993)	0.83
" These results suggest that propranolol is absorbed more rapidly after morning dosing than after night-time dosing in younger but not in older subjects."	( The effect of age on diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in hypertensive subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Shiga, T; Tateishi, T, 1993)	0.82
"Prospective dose-response study with each animal serving as it own control."	( Effects of dopexamine on hemodynamics and oxygen consumption after beta blockade in lambs. Rogers, BW; Sziszak, TJ; Sziszak, TL; Taylor, BJ, 1993)	0.29
"Previous studies have shown that the absorption rate of a lipophilic, but not hydrophilic, agent is faster after the night dosage than after the morning dosage in nocturnal rodents."	( Differences of chronopharmacokinetic profiles between propranolol and atenolol in hypertensive subjects. Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Shiga, T; Tateishi, T, 1993)	0.53
" One capsule was taken for three days and then the dosage was doubled for the remainder of a four-week period."	( Effect of hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril, and propranolol on quality of life and cognitive and motor function in hypertensive patients. Annett, MP; Culbert, JP; McCorvey, E; McKenney, JM; Proctor, JD; Wright, JT, 1993)	0.54
"The effect of propranolol dosing rate on beta-blockade was studied in human volunteers after administration of a conventional tablet and a sustained release capsule."	( Dosing rate-dependent relationship between propranolol plasma concentration and beta-blockade. Kashiwada, K; Ogata, H; Ohira, M; Someya, K; Takahashi, H, 1993)	0.91
"04 mg/kg); oral quinidine was then administered at a daily dosage of 1,200 mg for 3 to 4 days, after which the QT duration was reassessed using the same method in a second study."	( Direct and autonomically mediated effects of oral quinidine on RR/QT relation after an abrupt increase in heart rate. Alboni, P; Antonioli, GE; Cappato, R; Codecà, L; Guardigli, G; Toselli, T, 1993)	0.29
" It was concluded that bethanechol and, less likely, neostigmine at the dosage used in this study may be suitable for medical treatment of cecal dilatation in cattle in which hypomotility of the cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon has to be reversed."	( Effect of bethanechol, neostigmine, metoclopramide, and propranolol on myoelectric activity of the ileocecocolic area in cows. Martig, J; Roussel, AJ; Steiner, A, 1995)	0.54
" Analyses of dose-response relationships indicated that the degree of inhibition increased with increasing dose."	( The inhibitory effects of propranolol on genital reflexes in male rats. Cetrulo, EJ; Clark, JT; Davidson, JM; Donahue, JP; Hoffman, BB; Smith, ER; Sparrow, H, 1995)	0.59
" The fentanyl dose-response curve was unchanged by opioid receptor blockade with 10(-6)M naloxone and by alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade produced by 10(-6)M prazosin and 10(-6)M propranolol."	( Direct effects of fentanyl on canine coronary artery rings. Bridges, MT; Grover, TE; Introna, RP; Pruett, JK; Yodlowski, EH, 1995)	0.48
" Rats dosed orally (100 mg/kg) were fully protected from VF."	( Efficacy of the class III antiarrhythmic agent azimilide in rodent models of ventricular arrhythmia. Brooks, RR; Carpenter, JF; Maynard, AE; Miller, KE, 1996)	0.29
" Spironolactone was administered during a 6-week period at a dosage of 100 mg/d."	( The effect of long-term treatment with spironolactone on variceal pressure in patients with portal hypertension without ascites. Fevery, J; Lijnen, P; Nevens, F; VanBilloen, H, 1996)	0.29
" With coadministration, the maximum peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC tau) of propranolol decreased 29% and 14%, respectively; Cmax and AUC tau of 4-hydroxy-propranolol decreased 15% and 21%, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation during coadministration of nefazodone and propranolol in healthy men. Fulmor, IE; Lee, JS; Marathe, PH; Raymond, RH; Salazar, DE; Uderman, HD, 1995)	0.71
" Dose-response curves to isoproterenol (10(-9)-10(-8) M) and phenylephrine (10(-9)-10(-6) M) were also obtained."	( Ricin depresses cardiac function in the rabbit heart. Hsu, CH; Ma, L; Patterson, E; Robinson, CP; Thadani, U, 1996)	0.29
" In nine other rats a lower dosage (5 mg kg-1) was used."	( Haemodynamic and electrophysiological acute toxic effects of mercury in anaesthetized rats and in langendorff perfused rat hearts. Amaral, SM; Massaroni, L; Oliveira, EM; Rossoni, LV; Stefanon, I; Vassallo, DV, )	0.13
" At the end of each dosage level, serum electrolytes, catecholamines, and an electrocardiogram were recorded."	( Epinephrine-induced changes in serum potassium and cardiac repolarization and effects of pretreatment with propranolol and diltiazem. Darbar, D; Mörike, K; Roden, DM; Smith, M, 1996)	0.51
"Using an isolated, electrically stimulated rat left afrium model, the dose-response curves to the muscarinic agonist carbachol and the anesthetics ketamine and thiopental were compared under conditions of high (10(-6)M isoproterenol bath concentration) or low (10(-6)M propranolol) beta-adrenergic tone."	( In vitro myocardial depression by ketamine or thiopental is dependent on the underlying beta-adrenergic tone. Mathew, BP; Thurston, TA, 1996)	0.47
"3-1 mg/ml) also antagonized the dose-response curve of contractions induced by acetylcholine (0."	( Mechanisms involved in the spasmolytic effect of extracts from Sabal serrulata fruit on smooth muscle. Cantabrana, B; García de Boto, MJ; Gutierrez, M; Hidalgo, A, 1996)	0.29
"0 mg/kg) were administered to complete a dose-response curve."	( Cardiovascular effects of the macrolide antibiotic tilmicosin, administered alone and in combination with propranolol or dobutamine, in conscious unrestrained dogs. Main, BW; Means, JR; Rinkema, LE; Sarazan, RD; Smith, WC, 1996)	0.51
" Salmeterol and salbutamol produced the same maximal increase in sGAW and had the same area under the dose-response curves."	( Airway effects of salmeterol in healthy individuals. Bake, B; Bergendal, A; Johansson, A; Löfdahl, CG; Lötvall, J; Skoogh, BE, 1995)	0.29
" The dose-response curves of adenosine on AV nodal conduction were almost identical in the control state and after verapamil, propranolol, or procainamide injection."	( Effects of verapamil, propranolol, and procainamide on adenosine-induced negative dromotropism in human beings. Lai, WT; Lee, CS; Sheu, SH; Wu, JC; Wu, SN, 1996)	0.81
"3 mM), at approximately twice the equimolar dosage of cocaine, produced apneustic breathing that was indistinguishable from that produced by cocaine."	( Cardiorespiratory effects of cocaine and procaine at the ventral brainstem. Dehkordi, O; Dennis, GC; Millis, RM; Trouth, CO, 1996)	0.29
" Racial differences in propranolol enantiomer kinetics following oral dosing were previously documented in our laboratory."	( Racial differences in propranolol enantiomer kinetics following simultaneous i.v. and oral administration. Burlew, BS; Johnson, JA; Lima, JJ; Massie, JD; Sowinski, KM, 1996)	0.92
" S(-)-propranolol 10(-5) M also inhibited vasoconstriction induced by methoxamine, shifting the dose-response curves to the right, but did not affect pressor responses to arginine-vasopressin."	( Propranolol stereoselectively inhibits alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in mesenteric arterial beds of rats. Heinemann, A; Stauber, RE, 1996)	2.22
" The potentiation of the toxic effect of the enantiomers observed after dosing the racemate instead of the pure enantiomers could not be explained by a stereoselective difference in plasma propranolol concentration."	( Toxic doses of rac-, (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-propranolol in rats and rabbits. Bode, W; de Wildt, DJ; Meulenbelt, J; Toet, AE; van de Kuil, A; Vleeming, W; Wemer, J, 1996)	0.75
" A single-dose three-way crossover bioavailability study of two extended-release experimental formulations (80 mg), Inderal LA (80 mg) and an Inderal immediate-release dosage form (2 x 40 mg) was also conducted and a comparative analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters and the in-vitro release profiles was performed to assess in-vitro/in-vivo correlation."	( Bioavailability and in-vitro/in-vivo correlation for propranolol hydrochloride extended-release bead products prepared using aqueous polymeric dispersions. Jambhekar, SS; Rekhi, GS, 1996)	0.54
" Dose-response curves for dopexamine, isoprenaline, noradrenaline and impromidine on heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial contractility (dP/dt:integrated isometric tension) were obtained in untreated dogs and compared to those measured in dogs which had been pretreated with propranolol (8 mg kg-1 day-1), atenolol (6 mg kg-1 day-1), isoprenaline (0."	( Changes in cardiovascular responsiveness to dopexamine and beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor function after the chronic treatment of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and agonists in anaesthetized dogs. Chang, DH; Einstein, R, 1996)	0.47
" Furthermore, isoproterenol dose-response relationships of these contractile parameters were blunted in the hypothyroid animals and augmented in the hyperthyroid animals compared with euthyroid control animals."	( Measurement of intraventricular pressure and cardiac performance in the intact closed-chest anesthetized mouse. Lorenz, JN; Robbins, J, 1997)	0.3
" Mean arrival time after oral dosing was significantly lengthened by hyperthyroidism (100 +/- 38 minutes vs 157 +/- 71 minutes)."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy cats during euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. Calvert, C; Ferguson, D; Jacobs, G; Sams, R; Whittem, T, 1997)	0.62
" Response to beta-adrenergic stimulation showed a classic sigmoidal dose-response curve; however, there was very little tachycardiac response to vagal blockade, indicating low resting vagal tone."	( Cardiovascular indexes in the mouse at rest and with exercise: new tools to study models of cardiac disease. Barsh, GS; Bernstein, D; Desai, KH; Kobilka, BK; Sato, R; Schauble, E, 1997)	0.3
" Rings were exposed to increasing concentrations of triiodothyronine (4 x 10(-12) to 1 x 10(-4) mol/L) to obtain dose-response curves."	( Direct effects of triiodothyronine on human internal mammary artery and saphenous veins. Carlsson, C; Chen, D; Cooper, SC; Eldridge, CJ; Hellmann, SK; Jeevanandam, V; Krasner, LJ; McClurken, JB; Wendling, WW, 1997)	0.3
" Though glucagon was initiated more often than any other intervention in fatal intoxications (83%), optimal dosing and maintenance infusions appear to have been underutilized."	( Characterization of fatal beta blocker ingestion: a review of the American Association of Poison Control Centers data from 1985 to 1995. Clancy, C; Howell, JM; Litovitz, TL; Love, JN, 1997)	0.3
"The effect of rac-sotalol on QT interval duration was studied in 10 patients after single oral administration (160 mg) and after 6-day multiple oral dosing (80 mg two or three times daily)."	( Tolerance to the repolarization effects of rac-sotalol during long-term treatment. Al Bunni, M; Ferrari, M; Gusella, M; Magnolfi, G; Maiolino, P; Padrini, R; Piovan, D; Zordan, R, 1997)	0.3
"5%) in matched normal subjects, but had no effect on TLCO and KCO in EH patients prior to TS; and (2) subsequent inhalation of the beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonist salbutamol in a dosage suspected to cause alveolar beta-receptor stimulation had no effect on TLCO and KCO, neither in the normal subjects, nor in EH patients (before and after TS)."	( Partial pulmonary sympathetic denervation by thoracoscopic D2-D3 sympathicolysis for essential hyperhidrosis: effect on the pulmonary diffusion capacity. Noppen, MM; Vincken, WG, 1997)	0.3
" It is therefore unlikely that the pharmacokinetic changes will lead to clinically important changes in pharmacological effects and dosage adjustment of zolmitriptan is not required in patients taking propranolol for migraine prophylaxis."	( The interaction between propranolol and the novel antimigraine agent zolmitriptan (311C90). Dixon, R; Gillotin, CG; Layton, G; Peck, RW; Posner, J; Seaber, EJ; Weatherley, BC, 1997)	0.79
" Dose-response effects on HR with celiprolol were evident in the presence of atenolol, unlike those with propranolol that abolished the HR increase between celiprolol, 200 mg and 800 mg."	( Effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on heart-rate variability in normal subjects assessed using summary statistics and nonlinear procedures. Guy, S; Riddell, JG; Silke, B, 1997)	0.51
" Measures of dosing interval--used-on-schedule rate and therapeutic coverage--averaged between 44% and 71%."	( Noncompliance may render migraine prophylaxis useless, but once-daily regimens are better. Mulleners, WM; Steiner, TJ; Whitmarsh, TE, 1998)	0.3
" The results obtained show that Adalat in dosage 60 mg daily during 7 days is most effective in cases with concomitant border-line hypertension."	( [Premedication with different groups of hypotensive drugs in preparation of patients with concomitant arterial hypertension to planned surgical treatment]. Eliutin, DV; Mil'tsyn, AS; Sadchikov, DV, 1998)	0.3
"The biphasic nature of the lipolytic dose-response curve of epinephrine in fat cells from "young" rats (40-45 days) was confirmed."	( Hormone-stimulated lipolysis in isolated fat cells from "young" and "old" rats. Allen, DO; Miller, EA, 1973)	0.25
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with either subcutaneous nicotine or equivolume saline and a dose-response curve for dopaminergic pulmonary vasodilation was constructed ex vivo in isolated, salt-perfused rat lungs preconstricted with the synthetic thromboxane analogue U-46619."	( Acute nicotine pretreatment augments dopaminergic pulmonary vasodilation. Russ, RD, 1998)	0.3
" Using a catheter placed through the auxiliary port of a flexible fiberoptic endoscope, liquid dosage formulations were consistently delivered to the canine stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon."	( Site-specific drug delivery in the dog using flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. Enever, RP; Heit, MC; Smith, DF, 1998)	0.3
" When amiodarone was ineffective, propranolol was added at a dosage of 2-4 mg/kg/day."	( Amiodarone used alone or in combination with propranolol: a very effective therapy for tachyarrhythmias in infants and children. Di Liso, G; Drago, F; Guccione, P; Mafrici, A; Mazza, A; Ragonese, P, )	0.67
" In general, it was considered that the duration and the extent of these reactions were dependent on the PRL dosage and application time."	( Relationship between the skin permeation movement of propranolol and skin inflammatory reactions. Gemba, M; Hosaka, K; Kamiyama, M; Kobayashi, I; Konno, C; Maruo, H; Saeki, Y, 1998)	0.55
" Pretreatment with atropine shifted the dose-response curve of acetylcholine to the right and the maximal response was reduced by 9%, 49% and 77% respectively with pretreatment with atropine 10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6) mole/kg."	( Effects of atropine, isoproterenol and propranolol on the rabbit bladder contraction induced by intra-arterial administration of acetylcholine and ATP. Horan, P; Levin, RM; Liu, SP, 1998)	0.57
" Dose-response curves for NE-induced perfusion pressure, VO2, and lactate production in SHR were shifted to the left compared with WKY."	( Altered muscle metabolism associated with vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Colquhoun, EQ; Ye, JM, 1998)	0.3
" Therefore, retaining propranolol at the dosed site in the rectum by the addition of appropriate mucoadhesives to the formulation of liquid suppositories appears to be a very important factor in avoiding first-pass hepatic elimination and thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug."	( Increased bioavailability of propranolol in rats by retaining thermally gelling liquid suppositories in the rectum. Chung, SJ; Kim, CK; Lee, MH; Ryu, JM, 1999)	0.91
" Adherence and adequacy of dosage (>1 mg/kg per day, more than twice daily dose frequency) are important determinants of efficacy."	( Propranolol in prevention of portal hypertensive hemorrhage in children: a pilot study. Grand, RJ; Langhans, N; Shashidhar, H, 1999)	1.75
" In acutely dosed rats, where protein synthesis is reduced, protein carbonyl concentrations (an index of oxidative damage to muscle) also decline slightly or are unaltered, contrary to the expected increase."	( Oxidants, antioxidants and alcohol: implications for skeletal and cardiac muscle. Falkous, G; Mantle, D; Patel, VB; Preedy, VR; Reilly, ME; Richardson, PJ, 1999)	0.3
"6 microgram/kg) and aminophylline (25 mg/kg), which were determined by the dose-response curves for inhibition of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, were intravenously administered 5 minutes before the propranolol inhalation."	( Difference in bronchoprotective effects of bronchodilators on postallergic propranolol-induced bronchoconstriction. Fujimura, M; Ishiura, Y; Matsuda, T; Mizuhashi, K; Myou, S, 1999)	0.72
" At the lowest dose studied (20 microgram/kg iv), the inhibitory effects of candesartan were competitive, whereas at the highest dose (100 microgram/kg iv) the dose-response curve for angiotensin II was shifted to the right in a nonparallel manner with inhibitory effects that could not be surmounted."	( Role of AT(1) receptors and autonomic nervous system in mediating acute pressor responses to ANG II in anesthetized mice. Bivalacqua, TJ; Champion, HC; Dalal, A; Kadowitz, PJ, 1999)	0.3
" These data provide a potential mechanism to explain the paradoxical increase in asthma morbidity and mortality associated with the chronic use of scheduled dosing of short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists."	( Beta-adrenergic modulation of human type-1/type-2 cytokine balance. Agarwal, SK; Marshall, GD, 2000)	0.31
" This produced a dosage form with a high intraparticulate porosity in the dry state."	( Tablet and capsule hydrophilic matrices based on heterodisperse polysaccharides having porosity-independent in vitro release profiles. Kelly, ML; Staniforth, JN; Tobyn, MJ, 2000)	0.31
"An original dosage form for oral delivery based on the encapsulation of both, lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles prepared either by the oil-in-water (o/w) or the water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) solvent evaporation method was developed."	( The preparation and evaluation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microparticles containing both a lipophilic and a hydrophilic drug. Astier, A; Bodmeier, R; Hoffman, M; Hombreiro Pérez, M; Lamprecht, A; Maincent, P; Ubrich, N; Zinutti, C, 2000)	0.31
" It is concluded that polymers of this type may have great potential in controlling, via means of formulation, the release of drug eutomer whilst enhancing retention of distomer in the dosage form."	( Evaluation of matrices containing molecularly imprinted polymers in the enantioselective-controlled delivery of beta-blockers. Martin, GP; Srichana, T; Suedee, R, 2000)	0.31
"A significant reduction in heart rate, in QT dispersion and in QTc dispersion was observed, as was also an increase in the PR interval and in the QT interval, after the use of propranolol in an average dosage of 100 mg/day."	( Effects of propranolol on the QT dispersion in congestive heart failure. Cramer, H; de Deus, FC; dos Santos, PA; dos Santos, VB; Guedes, CR; Maia, ER; Mesquita, ET; Romeo, LJ; Subieta, CG; Villacorta, H, 1999)	0.89
"5, 15, and 40 mg nadolol or propranolol (both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptor antagonists) at random, after which isoproterenol (beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist) was infused in an individually determined dosage (range, 19 to 35 ng/kg x min) that increased energy expenditure by 25% without pretreatment."	( In vivo beta3-adrenergic stimulation of human thermogenesis and lipid use. Blaak, EE; Saris, WH; Schiffelers, SL; van Baak, MA, 2000)	0.6
" These data demonstrate that chronic dosing with propranolol can impair retention of spatial learning, which cannot be attributed to reduced arousal or motor function."	( Chronic propranolol induces deficits in retention but not acquisition performance in the water maze in mice. Czech, DA; Laubmeier, KK; Nielson, KA, 2000)	1
" The results showed that acute alcohol dosage reduced the fractional rates of cardiac protein synthesis (k(S), %/day)."	( Inability of propranolol to prevent alcohol-induced reductions in cardiac protein synthesis in vivo. Patel, VB; Preedy, VR; Richardson, PJ, 2000)	0.68
" The dose-response curve for L-750355-induced glycerolemia lies to the left of that for tachycardia."	( L-750355, a human beta3-adrenoceptor agonist; in vitro pharmacology and profile of activity in vivo in the rhesus monkey. Bach, T; Candelore, MR; Cascieri, MA; Cioffe, C; Deng, L; Fisher, MH; Forrest, MJ; Hegarty-Friscino, B; Hom, G; MacIntyre, E; Marko, O; Ok, HO; Strader, C; Szumiloski, J; Tota, L; Vicario, P; Weber, AE; Wyvratt, M, 2000)	0.31
" Therefore, it is quite possible that both drugs produce adverse immunological effects in vivo in cases of high dosage or obstruction of elimination."	( [Effect of migraine medications on monocyte chemotaxis] . Krumholz, W; Menges, T; Ogal, H; Szalay, G, 2000)	0.31
" Dosing of propranolol in the evening may be important for its role in preventing variceal bleeding."	( Daily variation of azygos and portal blood flow and the effect of propranolol administration once an evening in cirrhotics. Ishii, K; Sasao, K; Sugano, S; Tanikawa, K; Watanabe, M; Yamamoto, K, 2001)	0.94
" The dose-response relationships of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists were challenged with the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapth-1-ylamino]-2S-2-propanol oxalate (SR59230A) or the beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist (-)propranolol."	( Enhancement of memory consolidation in chicks by beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists. Gibbs, ME; Summers, RJ, 2001)	0.49
" Dose-response curves conducted at 30-min incubation time showed that chlorpromazine potently inhibited labelling of diacylglycerol and diacyglycerol-derived lipids (triacyglycerol and phosphatidylcholine) by the 3H-labelled precursors."	( Chlorpromazine and human platelet glycerolipid metabolism: precursor specificity and significance of drug-platelet interaction time. Daasvatn, KO; Holmsen, H, 1999)	0.3
" This study used a within-subject, dose-response design to determine whether prazosin (PRAZ), an alpha1-NA antagonist, or propranolol (PROP), a beta-NA antagonist, would continue to reinstate hemiplegia over time after recovery from weight-drop traumatic brain injury (TBI)."	( Enduring vulnerability to transient reinstatement of hemiplegia by prazosin after traumatic brain injury. Feeney, DM; Stibick, DL, 2001)	0.52
"To obtain a sustained-release dosage form with a lack of gastric unwanted effects, wax microspheres containing propranolol (I) were prepared by a congealable dispersion microencapsulation technique."	( Development and evaluation of sustained-release propranolol wax microspheres. Keihanfar, M; Varshosaz, J, )	0.6
" In the present study, the plasma concentration profiles of propranolol obtained in human subjects following oral dosing were analyzed using the newly derived models based on mass balance and compared with the conventional models."	( Time-dependent oral absorption models. Amidon, GL; Higaki, K; Yamashita, S, 2001)	0.55
" In contrast, the low (4 mg/kg) and intermediate (7 mg/kg) doses of propranolol significantly decreased spontaneous CeA activity, with the suppressant effect of propranolol on CeA firing rates weakening as the dosage increased from 4 to 7 mg/kg."	( Dose-sensitive excitation and inhibition of spontaneous amygdala activity by propranolol. Gibson, B; Levin, D; Naylor, JC; Schneider, AM; Simson, PE, )	0.6
", dosing rate or enantiomer-enantiomer interaction) or the patient (e."	( Stereospecific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta-adrenergic blockers in humans. Brocks, DR; Mehvar, R, )	0.13
"Carbomers are carboxyvinylic derivatives that are widely used in the manufacture of hydrogel dosage forms."	( Use of beta-cyclodextrins to prevent modifications of the properties of carbopol hydrogels due to carbopol-drug interactions. Blanco-Fuente, H; Blanco-Méndez, J; Esteban-Fernández, B; Otero-Espinar, FJ, 2002)	0.31
" In contrast, the dose-response curve for substance P recorded 1 h after antigen challenge was not modified by pretreatment with silymarin."	( Protective effect of silymarin in antigen challenge- and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in in vivo guinea-pigs. Apostoliti, F; Breschi, MC; Martinotti, E; Nieri, P, 2002)	0.31
"001), whereas glycopyrrolate increased peak HR to sea level values, 184 +/- 3 beats/min, confirming adequate dosing with each drug."	( Role of the autonomic nervous system in the reduced maximal cardiac output at altitude. Bogaard, HJ; Hopkins, SR; Niizeki, K; Wagner, PD; Yamaya, Y; Ziegler, MG, 2002)	0.31
" The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the determinations of PPH and PX in various dosage forms."	( Indirect spectrophotometric determination of propranolol hydrochloride and piroxicam in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Gowda, BG; Melwanki, MB; Seetharamappa, J, 2002)	0.57
" Although it remains possible that with a different dosage or timing protocol a post-treatment effect of noradrenaline in humans can be found, this experiment could not find support for it."	( The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade after encoding on memory of an emotional event. Everaerd, W; Gooren, LJ; van Stegeren, AH, 2002)	0.31
" The method was applied for the determination of the drug in the tablet dosage form."	( Polarographic determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical formulation. Abou-Sekkina, MM; El-Ries, MA; Wassel, AA, 2002)	0.6
"H/L ratio may help in the selection of drug dosage (especially blood flow dependent drug) in pre-clinical studies for chronic liver disease during the drug development process."	( [Relationship of propranolol pharmacokinetic parameters with portosystemic shunt in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats]. Choi, HS; Choi, YY; Hahm, JS; Kang, JS; Kim, DU; Kim, JB; Kim, JM; Koh, DH; Lee, MH; Lee, SH; Park, GT; Yun, YS, 2002)	0.65
"For clinical treatment, a smaller dosage of propranolol is often used among Chinese people."	( Dose-response relationships of propranolol in Chinese subjects with different CYP2D6 genotypes. Huang, CW; Huang, JD; Lai, ML; Lee, HL; Lin, MS, 2003)	0.87
"Despite therebeing higher S-propranolol plasma concentration in CYP2D6*10 subjects than in CYP2D6*1 subjects at 10- and 20-mg dosage, the dose-response relationship was not significantly different in these subjects."	( Dose-response relationships of propranolol in Chinese subjects with different CYP2D6 genotypes. Huang, CW; Huang, JD; Lai, ML; Lee, HL; Lin, MS, 2003)	0.9
" All three beta blockers were equally protective but the intermediate dosage of landiolol preserved LVP during the pre-ischemic period."	( Landiolol, esmolol and propranolol protect from ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated guinea pig hearts. Fujita, S; Kanaya, N; Kurosawa, S; Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Niiyama, Y, 2003)	0.63
" Current formulations and dosing of antihypertensive drugs do not provide maximum coverage during this vulnerable period."	( Pharmacokinetics of propranolol after single and multiple dosing with sustained release propranolol or propranolol CR (innopran XL) , a new chronotherapeutic formulation. Frishman, WH; Manowitz, N; Sica, D, )	0.45
" A decline in mean arterial pressure was observed in both groups with increasing dosage of phentolamine."	( Preserved alpha-adrenergic tone in the leg vascular bed of spinal cord-injured individuals. Hopman, MT; Kooijman, M; Rongen, GA; Smits, P, 2003)	0.32
"Intravenous dosing was initially done via jugular cannula."	( Iontophoretic in vivo transdermal delivery of beta-blockers in hairless rats and reduced skin irritation by liposomal formulation. Banga, AK; Betageri, GV; Chaturvedula, A; Conjeevaram, R; Sunkara, G, 2003)	0.32
" Images showed that the seal between the shell and the tablet plug is a key route of water penetration in these dosage forms."	( Investigating the coating-dependent release mechanism of a pulsatile capsule using NMR microscopy. Bowtell, RW; Köckenberger, W; MacRae, RJ; Melia, CD; Ross, AC; Stevens, HN; Sutch, JC, 2003)	0.32
"A simple spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of propranolol hydrochloride in pure as well as in dosage forms."	( Spectrophotometric determination of propranolol in formulations via oxidative coupling with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone. Belal, FF; El-Ashry, SM; El-Emam, AA; El-Sherbiny, DT; Hansen, SH; Moustafa, MA, 2003)	0.82
" The dosage of beta-blockers should be modified in patients with an abnormal lipid profile in serum."	( [Pharmacokinetic comparison of propranolol and atenolol in people with primary hypertension]. Telatyńska-Smieszek, B, 2002)	0.6
" This system is quite useful to predict the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs after administration as solid dosage forms."	( In vitro system to evaluate oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs: simultaneous analysis on dissolution and permeation of drugs. Kataoka, M; Masaoka, Y; Sakane, T; Sezaki, H; Yamashita, S; Yamazaki, Y, 2003)	0.32
" The analysis was then adjusted for mouse weight and intraperitoneal (-)-propranolol dosage using a logistic regression (LR) model."	( Inhibition of (-)-propranolol hydrochloride by its enantiomer in white mice. Kuzeff, RM; Mecheva, RP; Topashka-Ancheva, MN, 2003)	0.88
"In this article, we document how an interdisciplinary committee of health professionals led to an approximate 50% reduction in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) following a cardiac surgery procedure by using preoperative loading and dosing of PO amiodarone and beta blockade."	( National databases and clinical practice specialist: decreasing postoperative atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery. Barnett, SD; Burton, NA; Halpin, LS, )	0.13
" To generate a ketoconazole dosing regimen, the pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole were first determined in the monkey and were found to be consistent with that previously described in the rat, dog, and human."	( Development of an in vivo preclinical screen model to estimate absorption and first-pass hepatic extraction of xenobiotics. II. Use of ketoconazole to identify P-glycoprotein/CYP3A-limited bioavailability in the monkey. Azzarano, LM; Kehler, JR; McSurdy-Freed, JE; Morgan, JA; Proksch, JW; Smith, BR; Stelman, GJ; Ward, KW; Zeigler, KS, 2004)	0.32
" Propranolol hydrochloride (propranolol HCl) is subjected to first-pass effect, therefore formulation of buccal-adhesive dosage form can circumvent this effect."	( Development and evaluation of buccoadhesive propranolol hydrochloride tablet formulations: effect of fillers. Adrangui, M; Akbari, J; Farid, D; Nokhodchi, A; Saeedi, M; Siahi-Shadbad, MR, 2004)	1.49
" The analysis was then adjusted for mouse weight and intraperitoneal (-)-propranolol dosage using a logistic regression (LR) model."	( Inhibition of (-)-propranolol hydrochloride by its enantiomer in white mice--a placebo-controlled randomized study. Kuzeff, RM; Mecheva, RP; Topashka-Ancheva, MN, 2004)	0.89
" In the light of the results obtained, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) hyperlipidemia affects pharmacodynamic properties of lipophilic propranolol and hydrophilic atenolol, 2) a modification of the drug dosage in hyperlipidemia is warranted."	( [Effect of hyperlipidemia on pharmacodynamics of propranolol and atenolol]. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Sterna, R; Sulzyc-Bielicka, V; Telatyńska-Smieszek, B; Wójcicki, J, 2004)	0.78
"This study evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a chronotherapeutic formulation of propranolol designed for nighttime dosing (propranolol controlled release [CR])."	( The antihypertensive efficacy and safety of a chronotherapeutic formulation of propranolol in patients with hypertension. Manowitz, N; Neutel, JM; Sica, DA; Weber, MA, 2004)	0.76
"To assess the strategy of titration for prescribing an efficient dosage of propranolol to reduce myocardial ischemia in the elderly."	( Strategy for identifying an efficient dosage of beta-blocker for elderly patients with myocardial ischemia and preserved left ventricular function. Abe, R; Dal Bó, C; de Oliveira, MA; Gebara, O; Giorgi, MC; Meneghetti, JC; Nussbacher, A; Pierri, H; Serro-Azul, JB; Wajngarten, M, 2004)	0.55
" Titration was performed to identify the dosage of propranolol that would cause a 15% reduction in heart rate at the end of a 50 W load (corresponding to normal daily activities in the elderly) in weekly exercise tests."	( Strategy for identifying an efficient dosage of beta-blocker for elderly patients with myocardial ischemia and preserved left ventricular function. Abe, R; Dal Bó, C; de Oliveira, MA; Gebara, O; Giorgi, MC; Meneghetti, JC; Nussbacher, A; Pierri, H; Serro-Azul, JB; Wajngarten, M, 2004)	0.58
" Dose-response curves were established for the noradrenaline-induced (10(-12) to 10(-7) mol/kg) increase of diastolic blood pressure in pithed rats treated with tubocurarine, propranolol, and atropine."	( Reduction of vascular noradrenaline sensitivity by AT1 antagonists depends on functional sympathetic innervation. Dendorfer, A; Dominiak, P; Raasch, W; Ziegler, A, 2004)	0.52
"The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the type of plasticizer in polymer blends used for the coating of solid dosage forms, comparing a lipophilic and a hydrophilic plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and triethyl citrate (TEC))."	( Polymer blends used for the aqueous coating of solid dosage forms: importance of the type of plasticizer. Bodmeier, R; Lecomte, F; MacRae, RJ; Siepmann, J; Walther, M, 2004)	0.32
" Following a propranolol or placebo dose titration period of up to 9 days (per a dosing algorithm), subjects were maintained on maximum achieved dose for 6 weeks."	( Propranolol for disruptive behaviors in nursing home residents with probable or possible Alzheimer disease: a placebo-controlled study. Bonner, LT; Pascualy, M; Peskind, ER; Raskind, MA; Riekse, RG; Snowden, MB; Thomas, R; Tsuang, DW, )	1.94
" In Gr I, incremental dosage of propranolol (sufficient to reduce heart rate to 55 beats/min or 25% reduction from baseline) was administered and continued after obliteration of varices."	( Endoscopic variceal ligation plus propranolol versus endoscopic variceal ligation alone in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Agarwal, SR; Sarin, SK; Sharma, BC; Tyagi, P; Wadhawan, M, 2005)	0.89
"An original dosage form for nasal delivery based on the encapsulation of hydrophilic drug in chitosan-poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (CH-PVM/MA) microparticles prepared by spray-drying technique was developed."	( Chitosan and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) microparticles as nasal sustained delivery systems. Bigucci, F; Cerchiara, T; Chidichimo, G; Luppi, B; Zecchi, V, 2005)	0.33
" The relative bioavailability of two FDA approved (Orange Book AB rating) solid oral dosage forms of metoprolol and propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide (combination tablets) was evaluated in human volunteers under fed conditions using a two-way crossover design."	( The effect of food on the relative bioavailability of rapidly dissolving immediate-release solid oral products containing highly soluble drugs. Asafu-Adjaye, E; Ciavarella, AB; Conner, DP; Faustino, PJ; Hussain, AS; Lesko, LJ; Mehta, MU; Parekh, A; Straughn, AB; Yang, Y; Yu, LX, )	0.34
" The secondary outcome measures were the duration of labour, the required dosage of oxytocin, CTG readings, neonatal outcome and maternal and cord plasma levels of beta-adrenoceptor-binding component of propranolol."	( A double blind, randomized trial on augmentation of labour with a combination of intravenous propranolol and oxytocin versus oxytocin only. Huhtala, H; Kaila, T; Lavapuro, M; Palomäki, O; Tammela, O; Tuimala, R; Uotila, J, 2006)	0.74
" No differences in the required oxytocin dosage or CTG pathology were found between the groups."	( A double blind, randomized trial on augmentation of labour with a combination of intravenous propranolol and oxytocin versus oxytocin only. Huhtala, H; Kaila, T; Lavapuro, M; Palomäki, O; Tammela, O; Tuimala, R; Uotila, J, 2006)	0.55
" Using propranolol as a model compound the effect of formulation and dosing variables was explored as a means to characterize the limiting parameters of this model."	( A rabbit model for sublingual drug delivery: comparison with human pharmacokinetic studies of propranolol, verapamil and captopril. Dali, MM; Heran, CL; Mathias, NR; Moench, PA; Smith, RL; Stetsko, PI, 2006)	1.01
" Serial bleeding of mice is advantageous for the reduction of animal usage, dosing errors, and animal-to-animal variation."	( Supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the enantioselective determination of propranolol and pindolol in mouse blood by serial sampling. Chen, J; Cook, J; Hsieh, Y; Korfmacher, WA; Morrison, R, 2006)	0.55
" In the propranolol group, the mean daily dosage of the drug was 68."	( Endoscopic variceal ligation versus propranolol in prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Chen, CB; Lai, YL; Lay, CS; Lee, FY; Peng, CY; Tsai, YT; Yu, CJ, 2006)	1.04
"6) suggested that the dissolution profile of the present two sustained-release oral dosage forms are similar."	( Development and optimization of a novel sustained-release dextran tablet formulation for propranolol hydrochloride. Bataille, B; Colarte, AI; Gil, EC; Heinämäki, J; Pedraz, JL; Rodríguez, F, 2006)	0.56
" Stability of optimized patches was performed in natural human saliva showed that both drug and dosage forms were stable in human saliva."	( Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of buccal adhesive patches containing propranolol hydrochloride. Patel, JK; Patel, MM; Patel, VM; Prajapati, BG, 2006)	0.56
", group III was treated with CCl4 for 6 weeks and received propranolol x2 at the same dosage as group I, while group VI was treated with CCl4 and the same drug dosage as group II."	( H3 Propranolol serum levels following lidocaine administration in rats with CCL4 induced liver damage. Anagnostopoulou, S; Kotsiou, A; Tesseromatis, C; Tsamouri, M; Tzivras, M; Vairactaris, E, )	1
" The results obtained in this study demonstrate, that EPR is a powerful method to monitor the first steps of diffusion processes and the physicochemical state of coated dosage forms."	( Mechanistic analysis of drug release from tablets with membrane controlled drug delivery. Mäder, K; Metz, H; Strübing, S, 2007)	0.34
"The aim of our study was to develop an apparatus assessing in vitro permeation through Caco-2 monolayers of oral solid dosage forms as a possible tool to forecast in vivo performance."	( Permeability assessment for solid oral drug formulations based on Caco-2 monolayer in combination with a flow through dissolution cell. Balbach, S; Eichinger, T; Lehr, CM; Motz, SA; Schaefer, UF, 2007)	0.34
"The ILSI/HESI telemetry studies were conducted as a double Latin square design where eight dogs each received a vehicle control and three dose levels of a compound on four separate dosing days."	( ILSI-HESI cardiovascular safety subcommittee dataset: an analysis of the statistical properties of QT interval and rate-corrected QT interval (QTc). Bass, AS; Chiang, AY; Cooper, MM; Engwall, MJ; Menton, RG; Thomas, K, )	0.13
" However, PB-93 was rapidly cleared, and dosing every 12 h failed to cure the rats."	( Efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of tetrahydroquinoline inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum protein farnesyltransferase. Ankala, S; Barrett, LK; Bauer, KD; Bendale, P; Buckner, FS; Chakrabarti, D; Floyd, D; Gelb, MH; Hamilton, AD; Hornéy, C; Hucke, O; Lombardo, LJ; Nallan, L; Rivas, KL; Smart, BP; Strickland, C; Van Voorhis, WC; Verlinde, CL; Williams, DK; Yokoyama, K, 2007)	0.34
" We randomized 54 healthy subjects double-blind to 5-day treatment with a single daily oral dosage of either 100 mg aspirin plus 80 mg propranolol combined, 100 mg of aspirin, 80 mg of propranolol, or placebo medication."	( Effects of aspirin and propranolol on the acute psychological stress response in factor VIII coagulant activity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental study. Cung, T; Fischer, JE; Haeberli, A; Helfricht, S; Kudielka, BM; Metzenthin, P; Preckel, D; von Känel, R, 2008)	0.86
" Repetitive once daily oral dosing (0."	( Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity. Faier, A; Gabinet, Y; Gilon, C; Halbfinger, E; Haskell-Luevano, C; Hess, S; Hoffman, A; Lapidot, T; Linde, Y; Ovadia, O; Portillo, FP; Safrai, E; Shalev, DE; Swed, A; Winkler, I; Xiang, Z; Yarden, D, 2008)	0.35
" Dose-response curves were constructed for NE with and without the addition of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, EPI (after 20%-30% preconstruction with the thromboxane analog U46619) with and without the addition of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, and NE in the presence of 10(-8) M EPI."	( The effect of maternal catecholamines on the caliber of gravid uterine microvessels. Segal, S; Wang, SY, 2008)	0.53
" Additionally, they randomly received either placebo (N = 15) or irbesartan (step-up dosage titration up to 300 mg/d, N = 17)."	( Irbesartan plus low-dose propranolol versus low-dose propranolol alone in cirrhosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Flacke, S; Ghauri, M; Heller, J; Herold, T; Sauerbruch, T; Schepke, M; Stoffel-Wagner, B; Wiest, R, 2008)	0.65
"The release of propranolol hydrochloride from matrix tablets with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15M) or KollidonSR at different concentrations was investigated with a view to developing twice daily sustained release dosage form."	( Comparative study of propranolol hydrochloride release from matrix tablets with KollidonSR or hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose. Biswal, S; Mahapatra, AK; Murthy, PN; Sahoo, J; Sahoo, SK, 2008)	1.02
"Desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DESI-MS/MS) and whole-body autoradiography (WBA) were used for chemical imaging of whole-body thin tissue sections of mice intravenously dosed with propranolol (7."	( Comparison of drug distribution images from whole-body thin tissue sections obtained using desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and autoradiography. Covey, TR; Kertesz, V; Koeplinger, KA; Schneider, BB; Van Berkel, GJ; Vavrek, M, 2008)	0.53
" Three dosage forms including commercial tablet, sustained-release tablet and the delayed-onset sustained-release tablet were administrated to six beagle dogs and the plasma levels of propranolol hydrochloride were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography."	( Preparation and evaluation of a novel delayed-onset sustained-release system of propranolol hydrochloride. Chen, HZ; Fang, C; Feng, XM; Ren, Q; Rong, ZX; Shen, HF; Zhang, WZ, 2008)	0.76
" The study indicates that locust bean gum and chitosan in a weight ratio of 2:3 (F1) not only releases the drug unidirectionally from the dosage form, but also gives buccal tablets which are sufficiently mucoadhesive for clinical applications."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of locust bean gum and chitosan combination as a carrier for buccal drug delivery. Ramakrishnan, A; Vasanthakumar, S; Vijayaraghavan, C, 2008)	0.35
" [14C]-propranolol, dosed intraperitoneally to rat at 25 mg kg(-1) and 200 microCi kg(-1) was used as a model compound for this evaluation."	( Evaluation of the use of UPLC-TOFMS with simultaneous [14C]-radioflow detection for drug metabolite profiling: application to propranolol metabolites in rat urine. Athersuch, TJ; Clarkson-Jones, JA; Kenyon, AS; Sison, RL; Wilson, ID, 2008)	1.01
" After oral dosing of moxifloxacin, a substantial, dose-dependent increase in the QT-interval duration could be shown, as anticipated for this agent."	( Validation of the normal, freely moving Göttingen minipig for pharmacological safety testing. Guth, B; Klumpp, A; Markert, M; Mayer, K; Schuler-Metz, A; Schumacher, K; Stubhan, M; Trautmann, T, )	0.13
" Lowering propranolol dosage or switching to atenolol was less efficient to reduce cortisol levels."	( Adrenal Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: prediction of the efficacy of beta-blockade therapy and interest of unilateral adrenalectomy. Chabre, O; Chaffanjon, P; Martinie, M; Mazzuco, TL; Sturm, N, 2009)	0.76
" This finding suggests that the PPN-MAS complexes obtained in this study are strong candidates for use as drug carriers in oral modified-release dosage forms."	( Propranolol-magnesium aluminum silicate complex dispersions and particles: characterization and factors influencing drug release. Pongjanyakul, T; Rojtanatanya, S, 2010)	1.8
" Analysis of whole-body mouse thin tissue sections from animals dosed with propranolol, adhered to an adhesive tape substrate, provided semiquantitative information for propranolol and its hydroxyproranolol glucuronide metabolite within specific organs of the tissue."	( Application of a liquid extraction based sealing surface sampling probe for mass spectrometric analysis of dried blood spots and mouse whole-body thin tissue sections. Kertesz, V; Van Berkel, GJ, 2009)	0.58
"3 x 10(-3) mol/L) produced a significant rightward shift in the phenylephrine dose-response curve, but had no effects on the potassium chloride-induced contraction."	( Relaxant effects of matrine on aortic smooth muscles of guinea pigs. Dai, GD; Fu, XY; Yan, L; Zheng, J; Zheng, P; Zhou, R; Zhou, X, 2009)	0.35
" Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effectiveness, dosing strategies, and side effect profile of propranolol treatment for hemangiomas."	( Initial experience using propranolol as the sole treatment for infantile airway hemangiomas. Hartnick, C; Maturo, S, 2010)	0.87
"A 27-day-old male infant with diffuse hemangiomatosis of the skin and liver was treated with oral propranolol at a dosage of 2 mg/kg per day."	( Severe hypoglycemia during successful treatment of diffuse hemangiomatosis with propranolol. Acquafredda, A; Bonifazi, E; Laforgia, N; Milano, A; Montagna, O, )	0.58
"The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) guidance issued by the FDA allows waivers for in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for immediate-release (IR) solid oral dosage forms only for BCS class I drugs."	( The biowaiver extension for BCS class III drugs: the effect of dissolution rate on the bioequivalence of BCS class III immediate-release drugs predicted by computer simulation. Amidon, GL; Tsume, Y, 2010)	0.36
" To illustrate the utility of coupling a separation with this direct liquid extraction based surface sampling approach, four different organs (brain, lung, kidney, and liver) from whole-body thin tissue sections of propranolol dosed and control mice were examined."	( Liquid microjunction surface sampling coupled with high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for analysis of drugs and metabolites in whole-body thin tissue sections. Kertesz, V; Van Berkel, GJ, 2010)	0.55
" The propranolol dosage was adjusted to 2 mg/kg/day and the sodium valproate dosage to 15 mg/kg/day, after the first follow-up visit."	( A randomized trial of propranolol versus sodium valproate for the prophylaxis of migraine in pediatric patients. Bidabadi, E; Mashouf, M, 2010)	1.19
" The dosage was slowly increased to 2 mg/kg daily over the course of 1-2 weeks."	( Outpatient treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas with oral propranolol. Eikenberry, J; Haggstrom, A; Haider, KM; Neely, DE; Plager, DA, 2010)	0.6
" However, the mechanism by which it causes this dramatic effect is unknown, the dosage empirical and the optimal duration of treatment unexplored."	( Low-dose propranolol for infantile haemangioma. Itinteang, T; Leadbitter, P; Tan, ST, 2011)	0.79
" We aimed to evaluate the dosing and tolerance of BBs achievable in a specialized, nurse-run BB titration clinic with non-trial participants."	( A specialized, nurse-run titration clinic: a feasible option for optimizing beta-blockade in non-clinical trial patients. Abraldes, JG; Berzigotti, A; Bosch, J; Garcia-Pagan, JC; Saez, R; Tandon, P, 2010)	0.36
"Three new, simple, sensitive, rapid and economical spectrophotometric methods (A, B and C) have been developed for the determination of propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) in bulk drug and dosage forms."	( A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of propranolol HCl based on oxidation bromination reactions. El-Didamony, AM, 2010)	0.8
" In these two patients, the propranolol dosage had been tailed down rapidly and the therapy was of a shorter duration than in those without recurrence."	( Use of propranolol in infantile haemangioma among Chinese children. Chan, HB; Chik, KK; Luk, CK; Tan, HY, 2010)	1.11
"Matrix type, monolithic, dosage forms suitable for controlled release that exhibit pH-dependent behavior are considerably less common than similarly behaving multiparticulated, enterically coated dosage forms, although simpler and less expensive to make."	( Formulations of zero-order, pH-dependent, sustained release matrix systems by ionotropic gelation of alginate-containing mixtures. Drefko, W; Moroni, A; Thone, G, 2011)	0.37
"Evaluate the properties of alginates and alginate-containing systems to produce pH-sensitive, monolithic, controlled release dosage forms that perform acceptably and determine their limits of application in regard with stability, pH and Ca(++) sensitivity, and appropriated rate of release."	( Formulations of zero-order, pH-dependent, sustained release matrix systems by ionotropic gelation of alginate-containing mixtures. Drefko, W; Moroni, A; Thone, G, 2011)	0.37
") with other gel-forming gums such as propylene glycol alginate (PGA), xanthan, or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose have been evaluated for applicability in the manufacture of controlled release dosage forms with three drugs of different solubility and ionic character."	( Formulations of zero-order, pH-dependent, sustained release matrix systems by ionotropic gelation of alginate-containing mixtures. Drefko, W; Moroni, A; Thone, G, 2011)	0.37
" with a number of other gums have been demonstrated suitable to manufacture pH-sensitive, matrix-type solid dosage forms with release-controlling properties for up to 12 hours."	( Formulations of zero-order, pH-dependent, sustained release matrix systems by ionotropic gelation of alginate-containing mixtures. Drefko, W; Moroni, A; Thone, G, 2011)	0.37
" The latter steadily gain in importance as parenteral controlled release dosage forms, especially for acid-labile drugs."	( Drug release mechanisms of compressed lipid implants. Kreye, F; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic studies showed that 4k is orally bioavailable, with an elimination half-life of 178 min following oral dosing in mice."	( A novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases 1, 2, and 9, which demonstrates antitumor effects in human tumor xenografts following oral administration. Aboagye, EO; Ali, S; Alikian, M; Barbazanges, M; Barrett, AG; Blum, A; Brackow, J; Coombes, RC; Freemont, PS; Fuchter, MJ; Hazel, P; Heathcote, DA; Jogalekar, AS; Kanneganti, SK; Kroll, SH; Liotta, DC; Pace, RD; Patel, H; Periyasamy, M; Scheiper, B; Siwicka, A; Snyder, JP, 2010)	0.36
" Known adverse effects of propranolol treatment include transient bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and bronchospasm (in patients with underlying spastic respiratory illnesses), which led to a general recommendation to gradually increase propranolol dosage and closely monitor patients' hemodynamics at the onset of therapy."	( Hyperkalemia complicating propranolol treatment of an infantile hemangioma. Kietz, S; Lakomek, M; Lauerer, P; Pavlakovic, H; Zutt, M, 2010)	0.96
" The patients received oral propranolol, with dosage varying among study centers."	( Propranolol for the treatment of orbital infantile hemangiomas. Bersani, T; Fridman, G; Grieser, E; Hill, R; Khuddus, N; Slonim, C, )	1.87
" Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effectiveness, dosing strategies, and side-effect profile of propranolol for treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis."	( Initial experience using propranolol as an adjunctive treatment in children with aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Hartnick, CJ; Kinane, TB; Maturo, S; Tse, SM, 2011)	0.88
" Further evaluation of propranolol therapy efficacy at the current dosing and duration of treatment continues."	( Initial experience with a multidisciplinary strategy for initiation of propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Boucek, RJ; Cushing, SL; Manning, SC; Perkins, JA; Sidbury, R, 2011)	0.91
" Questions remain about optimal dosing and age at treatment cessation."	( Propranolol as first-line treatment of head and neck hemangiomas. Ayari-Khalfallah, S; Froehlich, P; Fuchsmann, C; Giguere, C; Guibaud, L; McCone, C; Powell, J; Quintal, MC, 2011)	1.81
" The heart rate difference was analyzed by the logistic linear regression model with variables that included gender, age, body height, body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the dosage of propranolol."	( Effects of propranolol on the left ventricular volume of normal subjects during CT coronary angiography. Jaw, FS; Jeng, CM; Mo, YH; Peng, SF; Wang, YC, )	0.71
" The difference of heart rate was negatively correlated with the dosage of propranolol."	( Effects of propranolol on the left ventricular volume of normal subjects during CT coronary angiography. Jaw, FS; Jeng, CM; Mo, YH; Peng, SF; Wang, YC, )	0.75
"The difference of heart rate is significantly influenced by gender and the dosage of propranolol."	( Effects of propranolol on the left ventricular volume of normal subjects during CT coronary angiography. Jaw, FS; Jeng, CM; Mo, YH; Peng, SF; Wang, YC, )	0.75
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" An in vivo study, verapamil (25mg/kg, per oral) was administered 2h before phenytoin (30mg/kg, per oral) dosing in male Wistar rats."	( Study on in situ and in vivo absorption kinetics of phenytoin by modulating P-glycoprotein with verapamil in rats. Bedada, SK; Ganji, D; Neerati, P, 2011)	0.37
" The potential use of this synergistic interaction can be a design of new extended release pharmaceutical dosage forms with a more prolonged release (beyond 12 h) using lower polymer amount, which could be particularly beneficial for freely water-soluble drugs, preferably for once daily oral administration."	( The influence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose on drug release from polyethylene oxide extended release matrices. Douroumis, D; Farrell, T; Levina, M; Nokhodchi, A; Palmer, D; Rajabi-Siahboomi, A, 2011)	0.37
" A dosage of 2 mg/kg/d, is usually employed with a dosing interval of 8 hours."	( [Propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma: clinical effectiveness, risks, and recommendations]. López-Gutiérrez, JC; Ruiz-Rodriguez, R; Sánchez-Carpintero, I, 2011)	1.28
"4 μg/g) at 1 h after dosing and generally undetectable at 8 h after dosing."	( Distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues: a comparison of topical and systemic administration. Hao, J; Li, SK; Liu, H; Yang, MB, 2011)	0.72
" The dosage was slowly increased to 2 mg/kg daily in divided doses for a mean duration of 16 weeks (range 4 weeks-41 weeks)."	( [Oral propranolol in the management of periorbital proliferating phase infantile hemangioma]. Fu, HB; Guo, X; Huo, R; Lin, LL; Lü, RR; Wui, JC; Xu, GQ; Zhang, J; Zhao, ZF, 2011)	0.85
" Propranolol was administered in a dosage of 2 mg/kg per day with initial monitoring of vital signs."	( Propranolol therapy in 55 infants with infantile hemangioma: dosage, duration, adverse effects, and outcome. Günther, P; Holland-Cunz, S; Kleber, JB; Schupp, CJ, )	2.48
"The direct separation of isomeric glucuronide metabolites from propranolol dosed tissue extracts by differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) with the use of the polar gas-phase chemical modifier acetonitrile was demonstrated."	( Rapid analysis of isomeric exogenous metabolites by differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Corr, JJ; Covey, TR; Kertesz, V; Parson, WB; Schneider, BB; Van Berkel, GJ, 2011)	0.61
" This study utilises the methods of cassette dosing and the perfused ovine eye model - to reduce animal usage and therefore animal time - to show that for a series of beta adrenoreceptor antagonists, lipophilicity is a key physicochemical property that governs drug distribution within the eye."	( A pharmacokinetic study of a combination of beta adrenoreceptor antagonists - in the isolated perfused ovine eye. Mains, J; Tan, LE; Urquhart, A; Wilson, C, 2012)	0.38
" It is concluded that, at the dosage used, propranolol, unlike diazepam, does not affect the central mechanisms determining CNV magnitude or subjective anxiety."	( A comparison of some physiological and psychological effects of propranolol and diazepam in normal subjects. Ashton, H; Millman, JE; Telford, R; Thompson, JW, 1976)	0.76
" Normally, an increase in chlorine dosage and pH resulted in faster degradation of these pharmaceuticals."	( Reaction of β-blockers and β-agonist pharmaceuticals with aqueous chlorine. Investigation of kinetics and by-products by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cela, R; Quintana, JB; Rodil, R, 2012)	0.38
"To assess the effect of various levosimendan dosing regimens on hemodynamics in a rodent model of propranolol poisoning."	( Levosimendan does not improve cardiac output or blood pressure in a rodent model of propranolol toxicity when administered using various dosing regimens. Graudins, A; Kalam, Y, 2012)	0.82
" Levosimendan did not improve CO or BP with any dosing regimen."	( Levosimendan does not improve cardiac output or blood pressure in a rodent model of propranolol toxicity when administered using various dosing regimens. Graudins, A; Kalam, Y, 2012)	0.6
" The symptoms resolved after dosage tapering."	( Treatment with propranolol for infantile hemangioma in 13 Taiwanese newborns and young infants. Chang, TK; Chen, CH; Chou, CM; Hsu, TC; Lin, HK; Wang, JD; Wang, TM, 2012)	0.73
" Long exposures (24 h) in dose-response experiments with norepinephrine or epinephrine induced significant increases in DNA damage in treated cells compared to that of untreated controls as measured by the alkaline comet assay."	( Chronic exposure to stress hormones promotes transformation and tumorigenicity of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Baum, A; Chambers, WH; Episcopo, B; Flint, MS; Jenkins, FJ; Knickelbein, KZ; Liegey Dougall, AJ, 2013)	0.39
" The oral delivery of antihypertensive propranolol HCl was facilitated by preparing an effervescent floating dosage form which could increase its absorption in the stomach by increasing the drug's gastric residence time."	( Design and in vitro evaluation of effervescent gastric floating drug delivery systems of propanolol HCl. Battu, JR; Kolapalli, VR; Meka, VS; Nali, SR; Songa, AS, 2012)	0.65
" We will also review the current dosing recommendations as well as potential side effects of ILE as an antidote."	( Intravenous lipid emulsion for the treatment of drug toxicity. Ozcan, MS; Weinberg, G, )	0.13
" The potencies and equipotent doses were determined for infiltrative cutaneous analgesia on the rat back by determination of dose-response curves for propranolol and lidocaine."	( Propranolol elicits cutaneous analgesia against skin nociceptive stimuli in rats. Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Chu, CC; Hung, CH; Wang, JJ, 2012)	2.02
" Verapamil-poisoned rats received the higher dosing regimen of FDP250."	( The effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on haemodynamic parameters and survival in a rodent model of propranolol and verapamil poisoning. Graudins, A; Kalam, Y, 2012)	0.59
" In addition, content uniformity and release profiles of the produced solid dosage forms before and after coating were studied."	( Tailoring controlled-release oral dosage forms by combining inkjet and flexographic printing techniques. Ehlers, H; Fors, D; Genina, N; Haeggström, E; Ihalainen, P; Kassamakov, I; Peltonen, J; Pohjala, L; Sandler, N; Vakili, H; Vuorela, P, 2012)	0.38
" Use of the lowest possible dosage, slow dosage titration, three times per day dosing to minimize abrupt changes in blood pressure, and close follow-up, including neurologic consultation as needed, are recommended."	( Propranolol use in PHACE syndrome with cervical and intracranial arterial anomalies: collective experience in 32 infants. Baselga, E; Chamlin, S; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Garzon, M; Hess, C; Maheshwari, M; Mancini, AJ; Metry, D; Powell, J; Siegel, D, )	1.57
" In patients with life-saving use in suicide attempts important role in addition to medication dosage plays an elapsed time of their consumption and speed of action taken to remove and prevent absorbtion the poison", as well as close supervision in the intensive care unit."	( [Drugs acting on the heart-conductive system in suicide attempts]. Dabek, J; Jakubowski, D; Rychlik, W; Stachoń, K, 2012)	0.38
"The main objective of the present study is the physicochemical characterization of naturally available Terminalia catappa gum (Badam gum [BG]) as a novel pharmaceutical excipient and its suitability in the development of gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems (GRFDDS) to retard the drug for 12 h when the dosage form is exposed to gastrointestinal fluids in the gastric environment."	( Characterization and in vitro drug release studies of a natural polysaccharide Terminalia catappa gum (Badam gum). Kolapalli, VR; Meka, VS; Nali, SR; Songa, AS, 2012)	0.38
" In both dosing groups, elimination half-life was significantly longer (14."	( Propranolol concentrations after oral administration in term and preterm neonates. Bagnoli, P; Cavallaro, G; Dal Monte, M; Della Bona, ML; Donzelli, G; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Giocaliere, E; la Marca, G; Malvagia, S; Mosca, F, 2013)	1.83
" However, the effect and mechanism of dosage form pH upon skin permeation of these weak bases is not well understood."	( Evaluation of skin permeation of β-blockers for topical drug delivery. Chantasart, D; Hao, J; Li, SK, 2013)	0.39
" Propranolol hydrochloride is available as tablet, capsule, and oral liquid dosage forms in several strengths."	( Stability of propranolol hydrochloride in SyrSpend SF. Geiger, CM; Sorenson, B; Voudrie, MA, )	1.41
" Updates will also need to be made as more is learned regarding the optimal dosing and safety monitoring when using propranolol for this indication."	( Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangiomas: anticipatory guidance for parents and caretakers. Blei, F; Bleib, F; Boucek, RJ; Chamlin, SL; Chiu, YE; Drolet, BA; Frieden, IJ; Frommelt, PC; Garzon, MC; Kwon, EK; MacLellan-Tobert, S; Mancini, AJ; Martin, K; Seefeldt, M; Sidbury, R; Siegel, DH, )	1.78
"Laminar extrusion of wet masses was studied as a novel technology for the production of dosage forms for oral drug delivery."	( Production of dosage forms for oral drug delivery by laminar extrusion of wet masses. Müllers, KC; Pinto, JF; Wahl, MA, 2013)	0.39
" Cassette dosing method was used in the epithelium side of cornea in vitro to get the effect of penetrant, and the perfusate was collected in the side of endothelium."	( [Simultaneous determination of eight derivatives of propranolol in cornea perfusate in vitro by high performance liquid chromatography]. Chen, C; Liao, N; Mi, S; Wang, N; Wu, H, 2012)	0.63
" The starting dosage was 2 mg/kg per day, which had been for the remaining duration of treatment."	( Propranolol therapy of infantile hemangiomas: efficacy, adverse effects, and recurrence. Li, Q; Xiao, Q; Yu, W; Zhang, B, 2013)	1.83
" Standard recommendations for dosing of insulin vary and the optimal dose of HDI in PICS has not been established."	( A blinded, randomized, controlled trial of three doses of high-dose insulin in poison-induced cardiogenic shock. Adams, AB; Anderson, CP; Cole, JB; Ellsworth, H; Engebretsen, KM; Holger, JS; Stellpflug, SJ, 2013)	0.39
" In the series of patients in this study, oral propranolol at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/day was a well-tolerated and effective treatment for IHs."	( Use of propranolol for the treatment infantile hemangiomas in the maxillofacial region. Kasimova, KR; Metellmann, HR; Podmelle, F; Sadykov, RA; Sadykov, RR, 2013)	1.1
" The system operation was tested with the extraction, separation and detection of propranolol and associated metabolites from drug dosed tissues, caffeine from a coffee bean, cocaine from paper currency, and proteins from dried sheep blood spots on paper."	( Continuous-flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe connected on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for spatially resolved analysis of small molecules and proteins. Kertesz, V; Van Berkel, GJ, 2013)	0.62
" C and NGR received saline injections at an identical dosage regimen."	( [Operational mechanism modification of bone mechanostat in an animal model of nutritional stress: effect of propranolol]. Boyer, PM; Bozzini, C; Friedman, SM; Lezón, CE; Pintos, PM, )	0.34
"Design of a new dosage form manufactured by laminar extrusion for oral administration of drugs."	( Multilayer laminar co-extrudate as a novel controlled release dosage form. Müllers, KC; Pinto, JF; Wahl, MA, 2013)	0.39
" Clinical trials are required to determine the optimal dosage and pharmaceutical form, method of use and treatment duration."	( [Rapid regression of infantile haemangioma with 2% propranolol ointment]. Azoumah, KD; Kombaté, K; Mouhari-Toure, A; Pitche, P; Saka, B; Tchamdja, K; Tchangaï-Walla, K, )	0.38
"This work describes a simple and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of zolmitriptan, naproxen and propranolol in their dosage forms using HPLC."	( A rapid and sensitive HPLC assay of some concomitant anti-migraine drugs. El-Kadi, AO; Lotfy, HM; Michael, AM; Rezk, MR; Shehata, MA, 2014)	0.61
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes depend on the nature and degree of hepatic impairment and on the characteristics of the dosed drug."	( [Effect of liver cirrhosis on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs]. Perlík, F, 2013)	0.39
" Oral propranolol therapy was initiated with a daily dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight."	( Periocular infantile haemangioma and the role of propranolol. Ahmad, K; Chaudhry, TA; Kamal, M, 2013)	1.13
" We assessed the safety and tolerability of acute dosing with esmolol and propranolol in patients with asthma."	( Effects of intravenous and oral β-blockade in persistent asthmatics controlled on inhaled corticosteroids. Anderson, WJ; Lipworth, BJ; Short, PM; Williamson, PA, 2014)	0.63
" Tiotropium prevented propranolol induced bronchoconstriction after acute dosing during up-titration to 80 mg with no adverse impact on asthma control."	( Effects of intravenous and oral β-blockade in persistent asthmatics controlled on inhaled corticosteroids. Anderson, WJ; Lipworth, BJ; Short, PM; Williamson, PA, 2014)	0.72
" Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were significantly lower in the groups with propranolol treated dosage of 5 and 10 mg kg(-1)day(-1) than in the control group."	( Antiangiogenic effect of propranolol on the growth of the neuroblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Ji, Y; Xiao, X; Xu, T; Yang, S; Zheng, J; Zheng, S; Zhu, H, 2013)	0.89
" Simulations of carbamazepine dosing regimen based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of this patient were performed to allow individualization of drug therapy."	( Slow carbamazepine clearance in a nonadherent Malay woman with epilepsy and thyrotoxicosis. Hui-Ping Khor, A; Lim, KS; Lo, YL; Ng, CC; Yeap, LL, 2014)	0.4
" Therapy should begin early, continue with the target dosage of 2 mg/kg/day in three divided doses through the proliferative phase of infantile hemangioma, and be stopped gradually."	( Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: clinical guidelines. Anderson, W; Stewart, K; Szychta, P, 2014)	0.67
" These candidates were subjected to a dose-response bioactivity assay, measuring an increase in α-tubulin K40 acetylation in two neuronal cell lines, which yielded five compounds bioactive in both cell lines and eight compounds bioactive in at least one of the cell lines tested."	( Development and characterization of 3-(benzylsulfonamido)benzamides as potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitors. Choi, SH; Kazantsev, AG; Khanfar, MA; Quinti, L; Silverman, RB; Wang, H, 2014)	0.4
" The dosage of propranolol was 1 mg/kg/day on the first day and 2 mg/kg/day from the second day."	( Propranolol in infantile haemangioma: simplifying pretreatment monitoring. de Buys Roessingh, A; El Ezzi, O; Hohlfeld, J, 2014)	2.2
"A three-times-daily dosing regimen of propranolol had no significant sustained effects on heart rates in subjects with IH."	( Safety profile of a divided dose of propranolol for heart rate in children with infantile haemangioma during 16 weeks of treatment. Chen, W; Shi, H; Song, H; Wang, J; Yu, Y; Zhang, X; Zhou, H, 2015)	0.96
" Drug withdrawal was usually made after dosing for 1 year or under when there was a total regression of hemandiomas."	( [Clinical analysis for treatment of 1 080 cases of infantile hemangiomas with oral propranolol]. Ge, C; Li, K; Liu, X; Qin, Z; Tai, M, 2014)	0.63
" The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dosing protocol on the distribution of propranolol in the periocular tissues and plasma after topical ocular instillation."	( Effects of dosing protocol on distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues after topical ocular instillation. Hao, J; Li, SK; Liu, H; Yang, MB, 2015)	0.89
"5% ophthalmic solution using one of the following dosing protocols: three drops of 50 μL, one drop of 50 μL, or one drop of 25 μL."	( Effects of dosing protocol on distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues after topical ocular instillation. Hao, J; Li, SK; Liu, H; Yang, MB, 2015)	0.68
"5%), decreasing the number of eye drops during dosing (three drops to one drop), or decreasing the instilled volume (50 µL to 25 µL) generally lowered the concentration of propranolol in the periocular tissues."	( Effects of dosing protocol on distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues after topical ocular instillation. Hao, J; Li, SK; Liu, H; Yang, MB, 2015)	0.87
"The dosing protocol of topical ocular instillation can be tailored to achieve the desired therapeutic concentrations of propranolol in the periocular tissues while minimizing systemic exposure."	( Effects of dosing protocol on distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues after topical ocular instillation. Hao, J; Li, SK; Liu, H; Yang, MB, 2015)	0.88
"Propranolol, now the preferred treatment for problematic proliferating infantile haemangioma (IH), at an empirical cardiovascular dosage of 2-3 mg/kg/day is associated with variable complication rates."	( Low-dose propranolol regimen for infantile haemangioma. Itinteang, T; Leadbitter, P; Marsh, R; Tan, CE; Tan, ST, 2015)	2.28
"Our observations show that gradually increasing the dosage of propranolol up to 3 mg/kg and gradually weaning the dosage is safe and effective in treatment of problematic IH."	( Treatment of problematic infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: a series of 40 cases and review of the literature. Dębek, W; Dzienis-Koronkiewicz, E; Hermanowicz, A; Matuszczak, E; Oksiuta, M; Tylicka, M, 2014)	0.89
" Following optimization of the propranolol dosing regimen (study 1), we conducted a five-period crossover study (study 2) in which subjects received the following treatments: dry powder inhaler (DPI) GSK961081 400 µg + oral placebo, DPI GSK961081 1,200 µg + oral placebo, DPI GSK961081 400 µg + oral propranolol 80 mg, DPI GSK961081 1,200 µg + oral propranolol 80 mg and DPI and oral placebo."	( Use of propranolol blockade to explore the pharmacology of GSK961081, a bi-functional bronchodilator, in healthy volunteers: results from two randomized trials. Ambery, C; Norris, V, 2014)	1.14
" The dosage was increased up to a maximum of 2 mg/kg/d and was maintained until the lesion had involuted or showed good result."	( Treatment of rapidly proliferating haemangiomas in newborns with propranolol and review of the literature. Debek, W; Dzienis-Koronkiewicz, E; Hermanowicz, A; Matuszczak, E; Oksiuta, M, 2016)	0.67
" The objective of the study is to observe the effects of acute exposure to high altitude at 4,010 m on pharmacokinetics of propranolol in rats, and to provide basis and new ideas to adjust drug dosage and administration, so as to promote rational drug use in high altitude."	( Effects on Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol and Other Factors in Rats After Acute Exposure to High Altitude at 4,010 m. Hua, X; Juanhong, Z; Rong, W; Wenbin, L; Xiaoyu, W; Zhengping, J, 2015)	0.91
" However, constant drug release rates are difficult to achieve with this type of dosage forms if the drug is freely water-soluble."	( How to easily provide zero order release of freely soluble drugs from coated pellets. Dekyndt, B; Neut, C; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J; Verin, J, 2015)	0.42
" Atenolol may be a preferred therapeutic option compared with propanolol, in view of its convenient once-a-day dosing and better side effect profile."	( Idiopathic aquagenic pruritus: pathogenesis and effective treatment with atenolol. Cao, T; Tan, KB; Tey, HL; Yong, AA, )	0.13
" Co-administration of diosmin with fexofenadine can reduce the dosage and results in reduced side effects of fexofenadine."	( Effect of diosmin on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine in rats. Bedada, SK; Neerati, P, 2015)	0.42
" Chronic dosing of propranolol may be required for efficacy; therefore, we tested the efficacy of chronic treatment with either propranolol or phenytoin on RTT mice."	( Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in a mouse model of Rett syndrome with Na+-channel-blocking antiepileptic drugs. Glaze, DG; Herrera, JA; Kaufmann, WE; Neul, JL; Percy, AK; Pitcher, MR; Skinner, S; Ward, CS; Wehrens, XH, 2015)	0.75
" The obtained new knowledge can be helpful for the development of novel coating materials (based on QPM-MAS blends) for controlled-release dosage forms."	( Quaternary polymethacrylate-magnesium aluminum silicate films: Water uptake kinetics and film permeability. Pongjanyakul, T; Rongthong, T; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J; Sungthongjeen, S, 2015)	0.42
" Attrition was secondary to drug-induced side effects, no response, and dosing noncompliance."	( Propranolol Therapy for Problematic Infantile Hemangioma. Knuth, C; Murthy, A; Ng, M; Weisbrod, C, 2016)	1.88
" The dosage of Propranolol was increased over the course of treatment, which initiated three days."	( Large Doses of Propranolol for the Treatment of Infantile Cephalic and Facial Hemangiomas: A Clinical Report of 38 Cases. Jianguo, K; Mingkun, Z; Qiaoling, C; Wenjin, L; Xichun, W, 2015)	1.12
"Propranolol therapy for genital infantile hemangiomas was successfully initiated and the dosage increased in 9 young children without significant side effects and with marked improvement in all patients who continued on treatment."	( Propranolol for Treatment of Genital Infantile Hemangioma. Golden, A; Rhee, A; Tamburro, J; Tran, C, 2016)	3.32
" Radiolabelled (14)C-propranolol was dosed into both single (closed) and continuous (flow-through) simulations over 13 SBR cycles."	( Evaluation of a sequencing batch reactor sewage treatment rig for investigating the fate of radioactively labelled pharmaceuticals: Case study of propranolol. May, E; Mills, GA; Oliver, R; Popple, T; Williams, JB, 2016)	0.95
" Administration of early propranolol was dosed within 24 hours of admission at 1 mg intravenous every 6 hours."	( Early propranolol after traumatic brain injury is associated with lower mortality. Alban, RF; Barmparas, G; Bloom, MB; Chung, R; Harada, MY; Ko, A; Ley, EJ; Margulies, DR; Melo, N; Thomsen, GM, 2016)	1.22
" Future studies are needed to identify additional benefits and optimal dosing regimens."	( Early propranolol after traumatic brain injury is associated with lower mortality. Alban, RF; Barmparas, G; Bloom, MB; Chung, R; Harada, MY; Ko, A; Ley, EJ; Margulies, DR; Melo, N; Thomsen, GM, 2016)	0.92
"There is not enough evidence to support or discourage the use of beta-blockers in children with congestive heart failure, or to propose a paediatric dosing scheme."	( Beta-blockers for congestive heart failure in children. Al Dakhoul, S; Alabed, S; Bdaiwi, Y; Frobel-Mercier, AK; Sabouni, A, 2016)	0.43
" Intravenous dosing of propranolol was tolerated well in a critically ill neonate with multisystem complications of prematurity."	( Use of intravenous propranolol for control of a large cervicofacial hemangioma in a critically ill neonate. Fernando, SJ; Krol, A; Leitenberger, S; MacArthur, CJ; Majerus, M, 2016)	1.07
" A thin sweetener coating layer of saccharin was successfully included in the final dosage forms for palatability purposes using a casting knife."	( Application of a colorimetric technique in quality control for printed pediatric orodispersible drug delivery systems containing propranolol hydrochloride. Genina, N; Nyman, JO; Preis, M; Sandler, N; Vakili, H, 2016)	0.64
" A wide variation of practice patterns highlights the need for further study in regard to patient outcomes, duration of therapy, and dosing to drive consensus guidelines."	( A survey of the use of propranolol in burn centers: Who, what, when, why. Kahn, SA; LeCompte, MT; Rae, L, 2017)	0.77
" However, the appropriate drug dosage, dosing regimen, time for initiation, optimal duration, monitoring for side effects remains controversial."	( [Chinese experts consensus on the use of oral propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas]. Fan, XD; Huo, R; Li, K; Liu, SH; Qin, ZP; Wang, XK; Wang, XY; Yang, YW; Zhao, JH; Zheng, JW; Zhou, DK, 2016)	0.69
" No evidence-based guidelines exist for proper dosing of propranolol."	( The use of propranolol in the treatment of subglottic hemangiomas: A literature review and meta-analysis. Dodson, KM; Hardison, S; Wan, W, 2016)	1.07
" In vivo studies showed that the antitumour efficacy of propranolol follows a U-shaped biphasic dose-response curve."	( Biphasic effects of propranolol on tumour growth in B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Bearzi, C; Buoncervello, M; Catalano, L; Gabriele, L; Giordani, L; Maccari, S; Macchia, D; Marano, G; Rampin, A; Rizzi, R; Spada, M; Stati, T, 2017)	1.02
"Hydrophilic matrix systems are currently some of the most widely used drug delivery systems for controlled-release oral dosage forms."	( Evaluation of the drug solubility and rush ageing on drug release performance of various model drugs from the modified release polyethylene oxide matrix tablets. Maniruzzaman, M; Nokhodchi, A; Shojaee, S, 2017)	0.46
" Dose-response analyses by number of prescriptions were also performed."	( Propranolol and survival from breast cancer: a pooled analysis of European breast cancer cohorts. Bennett, K; Brown, C; Cardwell, CR; Cronin-Fenton, D; De Schutter, H; Friis, S; Garmo, H; Gavin, A; Lambe, M; Murray, LJ; O'Rorke, M; Pottegård, A; Powe, DG; Sharp, L; Vaes, E; van Herk-Sukel, MP; Vissers, PA; Visvanathan, K, 2016)	1.88
" There was little evidence of a dose-response relationship."	( Propranolol and survival from breast cancer: a pooled analysis of European breast cancer cohorts. Bennett, K; Brown, C; Cardwell, CR; Cronin-Fenton, D; De Schutter, H; Friis, S; Garmo, H; Gavin, A; Lambe, M; Murray, LJ; O'Rorke, M; Pottegård, A; Powe, DG; Sharp, L; Vaes, E; van Herk-Sukel, MP; Vissers, PA; Visvanathan, K, 2016)	1.88
" Plasma propranolol concentrations were determined following two dosing strategies: Q6 (liquid formulation; n = 86) and Q24 (extended-release capsule; n = 22)."	( Oxandrolone Coadministration Does Not Alter Plasma Propranolol Concentrations in Severely Burned Pediatric Patients. Andersen, CR; Finnerty, CC; Guillory, AN; Herndon, DN; Silva, MB; Suman, OE, )	0.82
" However, the appropriate indications, drug dosage, dosing regimen, time for initiation, optimal duration, monitoring for side effects still remains controversial."	( [Chinese expert consensus on the use of topical timolol maleate treatment of infantile hemangiomas]. Fan, XD; Huo, R; Jiang, CH; Lei, SR; Liu, SH; Qin, ZP; Wang, XK; Wang, XY; Yang, YW; Zhao, JH; Zheng, JW; Zhou, DK, 2016)	0.43
" During the involution phase, tapering propranolol dosage can be done to minimize side effects before discontinuing treatment."	( Propranolol therapy for infantile hemangioma: our experience. Wu, HW; Yuan, W; Zhang, L; Zheng, JW, 2017)	2.17
" Our SCAMP proposes guidelines for dosing and monitoring parameters."	( Atenolol Versus Propranolol for Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas During the Proliferative Phase: A Retrospective Noninferiority Study. Bayart, CB; Golden, AB; Tamburro, JE; Vidimos, AT; Wang, L, 2017)	0.8
"The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate propranolol dosing strategy for reducing heart rate in severely burned adults."	( Propranolol kinetics in plasma from severely burned adults. Andersen, CR; Edgu-Fry, E; Finnerty, CC; Guillory, AN; Herndon, DN; Silva, MB; Suman, OE, 2017)	2.15
" Plasma propranolol concentrations were determined in a placebo group (n=10) or following one of three dosing strategies: Q6 (n=4), Q8 (n=6), and Q24 (n=6)."	( Propranolol kinetics in plasma from severely burned adults. Andersen, CR; Edgu-Fry, E; Finnerty, CC; Guillory, AN; Herndon, DN; Silva, MB; Suman, OE, 2017)	2.33
" Plasma propranolol concentrations were significantly higher in the Q6 dosing strategy than in the Q8 dosing strategy (p=0."	( Propranolol kinetics in plasma from severely burned adults. Andersen, CR; Edgu-Fry, E; Finnerty, CC; Guillory, AN; Herndon, DN; Silva, MB; Suman, OE, 2017)	2.33
"Heart rate can be decreased to a similar degree with Q6 and Q24 dosing strategies, with the Q8 dosing strategy being less effective."	( Propranolol kinetics in plasma from severely burned adults. Andersen, CR; Edgu-Fry, E; Finnerty, CC; Guillory, AN; Herndon, DN; Silva, MB; Suman, OE, 2017)	1.9
" Establishing the optimal dosage and treatment schedule is to date a crucial issue."	( Study protocol: safety and efficacy of propranolol 0.2% eye drops in newborns with a precocious stage of retinopathy of prematurity (DROP-ROP-0.2%): a multicenter, open-label, single arm, phase II trial. Agosti, M; Araimo, G; Aversa, S; Bagnoli, P; Berti, E; Borsari, G; Bossi, A; Bozzetti, V; Buonocore, G; Calvani, AM; Cavallaro, G; Cavallotti, B; Chirico, G; Cortinovis, I; Dal Monte, M; De Angelis, C; Donati, S; Donzelli, G; Filippi, L; Forni, G; Fortunato, P; la Marca, G; Milani, S; Mosca, F; Nascimbeni, G; Osnaghi, S; Padrini, L; Pasqualetti, R; Pugi, A; Regiroli, G; Tagliabue, P; Tomasini, B; Vanni, M; Villamor, E, 2017)	0.72
"Knowledge about the region-specific absorption profiles from the gastrointestinal tract of orally administered drugs is a critical factor guiding dosage form selection in drug development."	( Mass Spectrometry Imaging proves differential absorption profiles of well-characterised permeability markers along the crypt-villus axis. Andrén, PE; Goodwin, RJA; Hayes, MA; Hilgendorf, C; Nilsson, A; Peric, A; Strimfors, M, 2017)	0.46
" Among the different mucoadhesive dosage forms, buccal films are particularly addressed for paediatric population since they are thin, adaptable to the mucosal surface and able to offer an exact and flexible dose."	( Bilayered buccal films as child-appropriate dosage form for systemic administration of propranolol. Abruzzo, A; Bigucci, F; Cerchiara, T; Dalena, F; Luppi, B; Nicoletta, FP, 2017)	0.68
" In this patient, prophylactic treatment with low dosage of propranolol was successful."	( Primary headache associated with sexual activity: A case report. İşcanlı, MD; Özcan, T; Yancar Demir, E, 2017)	0.7
" Although meta-analysis did not indicate a significant effect of beta-blockers on arterial hypotension or bradycardia, propranolol dosage in one study was reduced by 50% in infants of less than 26 weeks' gestational age due to severe hypotension, bradycardia, and apnoea in several participants."	( Beta-blockers for prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants. Jost, K; Kaempfen, S; Neumann, RP; Schulzke, SM, 2018)	0.69
" The method was used for quantitative analysis of the drugs in raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin and propranolol in their binary mixture by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Abdel-Fattah, A; Abo-Serie, AAM; Attia, KAM; El-Abasawi, NM; Morshedy, S, 2018)	0.74
" This study was conducted to document a safe and effective dosing regimen for three different age groups."	( The Safety and Efficacy of Propranolol in Reducing the Hypermetabolic Response in the Pediatric Burn Population. Andersen, CR; Blumenthal, E; Herndon, DN; Meyer, WJ; Ojeda, S; Robles, L; Stevens, P, 2018)	0.78
" Dosing recommendations and optimal treatment duration vary among studies, and should be altered in patients with certain medical conditions such as Posterior fossa anomalies, Hemangioma, Arterial lesions, Cardiac abnormalities/coarctation of the aorta, Eye anomalies (PHACE) syndrome."	( Infantile hemangiomas: what have we learned from propranolol? Ghareeb, E; Hagen, R; Jalali, O; Zinn, Z, 2018)	0.74
" The efficacy of propranolol for infantile hemangiomas is clear, however questions pertaining to mechanism of action, pretreatment risk stratification, and optimal dosing remain unanswered."	( Infantile hemangiomas: what have we learned from propranolol? Ghareeb, E; Hagen, R; Jalali, O; Zinn, Z, 2018)	1.07
" Cumulative dose-response curves with isoproterenol were established in basal condition, and after fifteen minutes of pre-incubation with propranolol (1x10-6 M)."	( Inotropic and chronotropic effects of propranolol in isolated atrium of rats with fructose-induced insulin-resistance Mago, N; Rodríguez, G, 2017)	0.93
" As per the guideline, a preliminary paediatric assessment was performed and a 1 mg/kg test dose was administered, followed by definitive treatment at a dosage of 2 mg/kg in three divided doses."	( Orbital infantile haemangioma: radiological features and treatment - case series and literature review. Albanese, G; Mohandas, P; Ravenscroft, J; Srinivasan, J; Tambe, K; Taylor, T; Thomas, S; Wells, L, 2019)	0.51
" Additional research may confirm the best dosage and route of administration to maximize efficacy in reducing induced astigmatism and amblyopia associated with periocular hemangiomas while minimizing side effects."	( The Use of β-Blockers for the Treatment of Periocular Hemangiomas in Infants: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Galvin, JA; Hutchinson, AK; Kraker, RT; Lambert, SR; Pineles, SL; VanderVeen, DK; Wilson, LB, 2019)	0.51
" Cell sensitivity was assessed based on the total area under and over the dose-response curves (AUOC) in relation to baselines."	( Differentiated mitochondrial function in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human epithelial or endothelial cells in response to chemical exposure. Boncler, M; Dastych, J; Golanski, J; Lukasiak, M; Watala, C, 2019)	0.51
" Higher PS concentration, nZVI dosage and ultrasound power as well as acidic pH favored the PRO degradation."	( Ultrasound-assisted heterogeneous activation of persulfate by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the propranolol degradation in water. Gao, NY; Gao, YQ; Kang, SF; Wang, W; Xiang, HM; Xu, JH; Yin, DQ, 2018)	0.7
" This could be advantageous for maximizing local skin drug concentrations and improving dosing schedules for infantile hemangioma treatment."	( In Vitro Skin Retention and Drug Permeation through Intact and Microneedle Pretreated Skin after Application of Propranolol Loaded Microemulsions. Brogden, NK; Kelchen, MN, 2018)	0.69
" In contrast, in Study 2 in which the timing and dosage of propranolol (0."	( Voluntary exercise or systemic propranolol ameliorates stress-related maladaptive behaviors in female rats. Aldrich, SJ; Cahill, MM; Christ, CC; Robinson, S; Taylor-Yeremeeva, E, 2019)	1.04
" The dosage of propranolol was gradually increased from 1mg to 2mg/kg/day."	( Effects of propranolol therapy in Moroccan children with infantile hemangioma. Baline, K; Chiheb, S; Fatoiki, FZE; Hali, F; Khadir, K; Lahrichi, A, 2018)	1.22
" The inkjet-printed API was immediately released from the dosage forms upon contact with the dissolution medium."	( Edible solid foams as porous substrates for inkjet-printable pharmaceuticals. Bar-Shalom, D; Edinger, M; Genina, N; Iftimi, LD; Rantanen, J, 2019)	0.51
" Dosage was not adjusted to patients' weight gain."	( EFFECTIVENESS OF FIXED DOSES OF PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOMAS REGARDLESS OF CHILD'S WEIGHT GAIN: A CASE REPORT. Anger, J; Gabel, J; Oliveira, EM, 2019)	0.8
"It is possible to treat patients with Propranolol 10 mg tablets, even though the dosage is not as precise as when calculated according to patients' weight."	( EFFECTIVENESS OF FIXED DOSES OF PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOMAS REGARDLESS OF CHILD'S WEIGHT GAIN: A CASE REPORT. Anger, J; Gabel, J; Oliveira, EM, 2019)	1.07
"Floor effects in the delayed impact of the emotional scene could preclude observing differences as a function of propranolol, and propranolol dosage may need to be increased."	( Encoding or consolidation? The effects of pre- and post-learning propranolol on the impact of an emotional scene. Bekker, TA; De Bree, AM; Elsey, JWB; Kindt, M, 2020)	1.01
" Currently, oral propranolol is the treatment of choice for infantile hemangioma, but there is no consensus when it comes to its recommended dosage for this condition."	( Individualized dosing of oral propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangioma: a prospective study. Kumar, B; Kumari, M; Prasad, A; Sinha, AK, 2019)	1.14
" A dosage of 2 mg/kg/day propranolol orally may be a good choice for IH."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of oral propranolol in infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Guo, XD; Hu, DL; Shu, Q; Yang, H, 2019)	1.09
"To evaluate the medical literature on the use of β-blockers, through different routes, for the treatment of periorbital infantile hemangiomas and to summarize the recommendations available on dosage and monitoring."	( β-blockers in the treatment of periocular infantile hemangioma. Al-Haddad, C; El Moussawi, Z; El Salloukh, NA, 2019)	0.51
"β-blockers have been shown to improve survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the impact of continuous dosage of β-blockers on cognitive function has not been elucidated."	( Propranolol attenuates cognitive, learning, and memory deficits in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. Bae, EH; Friese, RS; Gries, L; Hamidi, M; Hanna, K; Joseph, B; Kulvatunyou, N; OʼKeeffe, T; Tang, A; Zakaria, ER; Zeeshan, M, 2019)	1.96
" It is not possible to put a temporal period for each segment, as the hair growth at the age of 32 months is not the same as for an adult (difference in the duration of the anagen period), nor to put any quantitative dosage or frequency of exposure(s) when interpreting the data."	( The Difficult Interpretation of a Hair Test Result from a 32-Month-Old Child: Administration of Propranolol and Quetiapine or Contamination? Ameline, A; Kintz, P; Raul, JS, 2020)	0.78
" This dosing schedule caused daily drug-free periods of at least 6 h as evidenced by propranolol plasma concentrations and cardiac β-adrenergic responsiveness."	( Intermittent β-adrenergic blockade downregulates the gene expression of β-myosin heavy chain in the mouse heart. Ambrosio, C; Barbagallo, F; Catalano, L; Grò, MC; Maccari, S; Marano, G; Matarrese, P; Molinari, P; Pace, V; Patrizio, M; Rizzi, R; Stati, T; Vezzi, V, 2020)	0.78
" We review the indications, dosing regimens, duration of treatment, efficacy and adverse effects of propranolol, and therapeutic alternatives including oral atenolol, acebutolol, nadolol, intralesional propranolol injections, topical propranolol and timolol, and oral captopril."	( β-blocker therapy for infantile hemangioma. Koh, SP; Leadbitter, P; Smithers, F; Tan, ST, 2020)	0.77
" More research is required to understand the optimal dosing and duration, efficacy and safety of these alternative therapies."	( β-blocker therapy for infantile hemangioma. Koh, SP; Leadbitter, P; Smithers, F; Tan, ST, 2020)	0.56
"There is not enough evidence to support or discourage the use of beta-blockers in children with congestive heart failure, or to propose a paediatric dosing scheme."	( Beta-blockers for congestive heart failure in children. Al Dakhoul, S; Alabed, S; Bdaiwi, Y; Sabouni, A, 2020)	0.56
" Although oral propranolol is currently first-line therapy, optimal dosing for treatment of IH remains debated."	( Retrospective case series of increased oral propranolol dosage for infantile hemangiomas. Aggarwal, P; Cohen, BA; Huang, AH; Mahon, M; Mannschreck, D, 2020)	1.17
" Baseline characteristics were compared between patients who received increased propranolol dosing (≥2."	( Retrospective case series of increased oral propranolol dosage for infantile hemangiomas. Aggarwal, P; Cohen, BA; Huang, AH; Mahon, M; Mannschreck, D, 2020)	1.05
"Of 245 patients, 204 (83%) received standard 2 mg/kg/d propranolol dosing while 41 (17%) received a higher dose of ≥2."	( Retrospective case series of increased oral propranolol dosage for infantile hemangiomas. Aggarwal, P; Cohen, BA; Huang, AH; Mahon, M; Mannschreck, D, 2020)	1.07
" Patients had little improvement in HAS score with increased propranolol dosing implemented late in the treatment course with over one-fourth ultimately receiving surgical excision."	( Retrospective case series of increased oral propranolol dosage for infantile hemangiomas. Aggarwal, P; Cohen, BA; Huang, AH; Mahon, M; Mannschreck, D, 2020)	1.06
"These findings support that propranolol hydrochloride bucco-adhesive film can be considered as a proper effective dosage form for pediatric delivery."	( Bucco-Adhesive Film as a Pediatric Proper Dosage Form for Systemic Delivery of Propranolol Hydrochloride: In-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation. Mansour, HF; Mohamad, SA; Salem, H; Yassin, HA, 2020)	1.08
"Buccal matrices represent a widely accepted dosage form permitting a convenient, easy, reliable drug administration and reducing administration errors."	( Freeze-Dried Matrices for Buccal Administration of Propranolol in Children: Physico-Chemical and Functional Characterization. Abruzzo, A; Adduci, R; Bigucci, F; Cerchiara, T; Crispini, A; Dalena, F; Luppi, B; Nicoletta, FP; Prata, C, 2021)	0.87
" Two patients in the nadolol group required dosage reduction due to asymptomatic bradycardia."	( Propranolol versus nadolol for treatment of pediatric subglottic hemangioma. Cushing, SL; Pope, E; Propst, EJ; Wolter, JK; Wolter, NE; Yang, W, 2021)	2.06
" Ninety percent of women reached the target propranolol dosing of 80 mg ER daily, and 70% took the target propranolol dose until the night before surgery."	( Phase II study of propranolol feasibility with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Accordino, M; Crew, KD; Hershman, DL; Hopson, MB; Kalinsky, K; Lee, S; Maurer, M; Trivedi, M, 2021)	1.22
" Propranolol can commence for most infants in the outpatient setting and the most frequently employed dosing regimen is 1 mg/kg twice daily."	( Infantile hemangioma. Part 2: Management. Rodríguez Bandera, AL; Sebaratnam, DF; Wargon, O; Wong, LF, 2021)	1.53
" Patient characteristics, location of hemangioma(s), weight at initiation of treatment, dosing information, side effects, response, and duration of treatment were documented."	( Safety of propranolol for infantile hemangioma in infants less than five weeks corrected age. Check, JF; Gatts, JE; McLean, TW; Rush, MC; Samelak, DM, 2022)	1.12
" However, a high level of heterogeneity, variation in propranolol dosage and inadequate sample sizes mean that these findings require cautious interpretation."	( Effects of propranolol on the modification of trauma memory reconsolidation in PTSD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Benedek, DM; Canales, JJ; Eri, R; Johnson, LR; Raut, SB; Ravindran, M; Ursano, RJ, 2022)	1.36
" The dosage can be adjusted flexibly by the model shape and size."	( Semisolid Extrusion 3D Printing of Propranolol Hydrochloride Gummy Chewable Tablets: an Innovative Approach to Prepare Personalized Medicine for Pediatrics. Gao, X; Han, X; Liu, N; Sun, Y; Tian, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, E; Zhang, H; Zheng, A; Zhu, C, 2022)	1
" The majority of our cases made some change in their daily medication dosage during the course of the study - 73."	( Prospective, longitudinal analysis of medication use in a cohort of elderly essential tremor cases. Berry, DS; Delgado, N; Hernandez, DI; Louis, ED, 2022)	0.72
" nonuse and daily dosage of both primidone and propranolol fluctuated across time for a sizable proportion of ET cases."	( Prospective, longitudinal analysis of medication use in a cohort of elderly essential tremor cases. Berry, DS; Delgado, N; Hernandez, DI; Louis, ED, 2022)	0.98
" There are no established recommendations for the dosage of sirolimus for this particular indication."	( Severe consumptive hypothyroidism in hepatic hemangioendothelioma. Dubinski, I; Häberle, B; Küppers, J; Lurz, E; Schmid, I; Schmidt, H; Walther, A, 2022)	0.72
" Since 2020, twice-daily dosage was more frequently prescribed than three times daily (p = 0."	( Management of infantile hemangiomas-experience of a tertiary hospital. Álvares, S; Banquart Leitão, J; Barbosa-Sequeira, J; Correia, MR; Fernandes, A; Fraga, C; Gomes, R; Paiva Coelho, M; Salazar, L, 2023)	0.91
" A propranolol dosage level of less than 3 mg/kg/day protected against early relapse [OR = 0."	( Factors associated with early relapse of infantile haemangioma in children treated for at least six months with oral propranolol: A case-control study using the 2014-2021 French Ouest DataHub. Abasq, C; Adamski, H; Barbarot, S; Beuchée, A; Bouzillé, G; Chrétien, JM; Descatha, A; Droitcourt, C; Dupuy, A; Goronflot, T; Gourraud, PA; Happe, A; Herbert, J; Martin, L; Maruani, A; Mauguen, C; Oger, E, 2023)	1.74
"This study showed that propranolol decreased the PI of the aorta and PI and RI of the caudal vena cava in healthy normal cats 2 h post-propranolol ingestion at the dosage of 1 mg/kg."	( Effects of oral propranolol on the resistive and pulsatility indices of major abdominal vasculatures in domestic short-haired cats. Amini Masouleh, S; Bokaie, S; Nasrollahzadeh Masouleh, M; Vazir, B, 2023)	1.57
" Tests related to adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms and adsorbent reuse were studied, and optimization parameters related to the initial pH of the solution and the adsorbent dosage were defined."	( Adsorption of chloroquine, propranolol, and metformin in aqueous solutions using magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite. Cavalcanti, JVFL; da Motta Sobrinho, MA; de Araújo, CMB; Del Carmen Pinto Osorio, D; do Nascimento, BF; Dotto, GL; Silva, LFO, 2023)	1.21