L-glutamate import

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]

L-glutamate import is a crucial process in neuronal function and neurotransmission. It involves the uptake of L-glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic and glial cells. This process is mediated by specific membrane transporters, primarily glutamate transporters, which are responsible for the efficient removal of glutamate from the synapse following neurotransmission. The precise mechanisms of glutamate import vary depending on the specific transporter involved. However, in general, glutamate transport is an active process, requiring energy in the form of ATP to move glutamate against its concentration gradient. The transport cycle can be summarized in the following steps: 1) Binding of glutamate to the transporter protein. 2) Conformational change in the transporter protein, leading to the translocation of glutamate across the membrane. 3) Release of glutamate into the intracellular compartment. 4) Return of the transporter to its original conformation, ready for another transport cycle. The importance of L-glutamate import is underscored by its role in maintaining synaptic homeostasis, preventing excitotoxicity, and regulating neuronal signaling. Dysregulation of glutamate transport has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Therefore, understanding the intricate mechanisms of L-glutamate import is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (15)