An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "Pathologic gambling is a prevalent disorder with important public health consequences." | ( Doran, AR; Roy, A; Wolkowitz, OM, 1985) |
| "Pathological gambling is a disabling disorder that affects at least 2 1/2 million Americans and their families." | ( Cherkasky, S; DeCaria, CM; Grossman, R; Hollander, E; Mosovich, SA; Wong, CM, 1996) |
| "Pathological gambling is substantially more prevalent among cocaine-dependent outpatients than in the general population." | ( Carriero, NJ; Gorelick, DA; Hall, GW; Montoya, ID; Preston, KL; Takushi, RY, 2000) |
| "For most gamblers, gambling is a form of entertainment, but for many individuals, the activity leads to far-reaching disruption of family and work." | ( Buchalter, AJ; DeCaria, CM; Hollander, E, 2000) |
| "Winning during gambling is essential in order to maintain increased HR levels over baseline after play." | ( Coventry, KR; Hudson, J, 2001) |
| "Pathological gambling is classified as a disorder of impulse control, yet little research has evaluated behavioral indices of impulsivity in gamblers." | ( Petry, NM, 2001) |
| "Pathological gambling is a disabling disorder associated with high rates of social and legal difficulties." | ( Grant, JE; Kim, SW, 2001) |
| "Pathological gambling is a disabling and highly prevalent impulse-control disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)." | ( Baldini Rossi, N; Hollander, E; Pallanti, S; Sood, E, 2002) |
| "Problematic gambling is thought to be influenced by neurobiological mechanisms." | ( Exton, MS; Janssen, OE; Knapp, W; Krüger, TH; Meyer, G; Schedlowski, M; Schwertfeger, J; Stadler, MA, 2004) |
| "Pathological gambling is frequently comorbid with bipolar spectrum disorders, substance abuse/dependence, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and comorbidity may influence treatment response in pathological gambling." | ( Baker, B; Baldini-Rossi, N; Hollander, E; Pallanti, S; Sood, E, 2005) |
| "Pathological gambling is a rare potential complication related to treatment of Parkinson disease (PD)." | ( Ahlskog, JE; Bower, JH; Dodd, ML; Geda, YE; Josephs, KA; Klos, KJ, 2005) |
| "Pathological gambling is an impulse -control disorder not otherwise specified (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) in which comorbidity is common, particularly with substance abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder and mood disorders." | ( Dell'Osso, B; Hollander, E, 2005) |
| "Pathological gambling is a disabling disorder experienced by approximately 1%-2% of adults and for which there are few empirically validated treatments." | ( Cunningham-Williams, R; Grant, JE; Hollander, E; Kallio, A; Nurminen, T; Potenza, MN; Smits, G, 2006) |
| "Pathological gambling is a serious social issue, but the underlying psychological motivations are poorly understood." | ( Chae, PK; Kim, YK; Lee, HP; Lee, HS, 2007) |
| "Internet gambling is growing rapidly, as is concern about its possible effect on the public's health." | ( LaBrie, RA; LaPlante, DA; Nelson, SE; Schumann, A; Shaffer, HJ, 2007) |
| "Pathological gambling is associated with bipolar disorder and dopamine dysfunction." | ( Kaehler, L; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL; Nelson, EB; Welge, JA, 2008) |
| "Pathological gambling is a main focus of the review in that most biological studies of the formal impulse control disorders have examined this disorder." | ( Potenza, MN; Williams, WA, 2008) |
| "Pathological gambling is an impulse control disorder reported in association with dopamine agonists used to treat Parkinson's disease." | ( Houle, S; Lang, AE; Miyasaki, J; Pellecchia, G; Rusjan, P; Steeves, TD; Strafella, AP; Van Eimeren, T; Zurowski, M, 2009) |
| "Legalized gambling is a growing industry, and is probably a factor in the presently increasing prevalence of pathological gambling." | ( Cho, GH; Choi, SW; Chung, GH; Chung, SK; Kim, DJ; Shin, YC; You, IH, 2009) |
| "Prevalence rates of gambling are influenced by gender." | ( Franco, C; Frye, CA; Paris, JJ; Wulfert, E, 2010) |
| "Pathological gambling is a disruptive behaviour and an important public health concern that is classified as an impulse control disorder, and is also conceptualized as a prototype of 'behavioural addiction'." | ( Allen, A; Bernardi, S; Hollander, E; Pallanti, S, 2010) |
| "Gambling is a widespread form of entertainment that may afford unique insights into the interaction between cognition and emotion in human decision-making." | ( Clark, L, 2010) |
| "Gambling is a common recreational activity that becomes dysfunctional in a subset of individuals, with DSM "pathological gambling" regarded as the most severe form." | ( Chase, HW; Clark, L, 2010) |
| "Pathological gambling is a disabling disorder experienced by about 1% of adults." | ( Grant, JE; Hollander, E; Kim, SW; Odlaug, BL; Potenza, MN, 2010) |
| "Disordered gambling is a moderately heritable trait, but the underlying genetic basis is largely unknown." | ( Heath, AC; Lind, PA; Madden, PA; Martin, NG; Montgomery, GW; Slutske, WS; Zhu, G, 2013) |
| "Gambling is a popular pastime and has been a ubiquitous part of daily life from antiquity until the present." | ( Benegal, V, 2013) |
| "Pathological gambling is associated with compositional but not structural differences in social networks." | ( Campbell, WK; Clifton, AD; Goodie, AS; Mackillop, J; Meisel, MK; Miller, JD, 2013) |
| "Gambling is a leisure activity, which is enjoyed by many people around the world." | ( Fong, LH; Lam, D; Law, R, 2014) |
| "Pathological gambling is an addictive disorder characterized by a persistent and compulsive desire to engage in gambling activities." | ( Barbalat, G; Domenech, P; Dreher, JC; Sescousse, G, 2013) |
| "Gambling is pertinent to neuroscience research for at least two reasons." | ( Averbeck, B; Clark, L; Payer, D; Sescousse, G; Winstanley, CA; Xue, G, 2013) |
| "Pathological gambling is associated with elevated proportions of nicotine dependence, and tobacco smoking in pathological gamblers has been associated with increased problem-gambling severity." | ( Chamberlain, SR; Donahue, CB; Grant, JE; Kim, SW; Odlaug, BL; Potenza, MN; Schreiber, LR, 2014) |
| "Pathological gambling is defined as inappropriate, persistent, and maladaptive gambling behaviour." | ( Grötsch, P; Lang, U; Lange, C; Wiesbeck, GA, 2015) |
| "As gambling is unlikely to exert actively damaging effects on the brain, the cognitive sequelae of gambling disorder may provide insights into addictive vulnerabilities; this idea is critically evaluated in light of recent structural imaging data." | ( Clark, L, 2014) |
| "Gambling is a heterogeneous and complex disorder." | ( Cocker, PJ; Winstanley, CA, 2015) |
| "Pathological gambling is thought to result from a shift of balance between two competing neurobiological mechanisms: on the one hand the reward system involved in the regulation of the urge to get rewards and on the other hand the top-down control system." | ( Fehr, T; Herrmann, M; Marco-Pallarés, J; Miedl, SF; Münte, TF; Wiswede, D; Ye, Z, 2015) |
| "Problem gambling is thought to be highly comorbid with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." | ( Abouzari, M; Gruber, A; Oberg, S; Tata, M, 2015) |
| "Gambling is an addictive disorder with serious societal and personal costs." | ( Boileau, I; Di Ciano, P; Hatch, J; Khaled, MA; Kim, A; Le Foll, B; Masood, T; Pushparaj, A; Ramzi, A; Winstanley, CA, 2015) |
| "Gambling is not an uncommon phenomenon amongst Malaysian adolescents." | ( Choo, WY; Goh, LY; Sheela, PS; Tan, CP, 2016) |
| "Pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder and the first recognized behavioral addiction, with similarities to substance use disorders but without the confounding effects of drug-related brain changes." | ( Bowden-Jones, H; Brailsford, AD; Clark, L; Colasanti, A; Erritzoe, D; Galduróz, JC; Gunn, RN; Lingford-Hughes, AR; Mick, I; Myers, J; Nutt, DJ; Parkin, MC; Rabiner, EA; Ramos, AC; Searle, GE; Stokes, PR; Waldman, AD, 2016) |
| "Problemgambling is thought to be comorbid with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." | ( Abouzari, M; Oberg, S; Tata, M, 2016) |
| "Problem gambling is an important public health issue because of its prevalence, increased risk to certain vulnerable groups and its numerous adverse consequences to the gambler, his/her family and the wider society." | ( George, S; Nadkarni, A; Velleman, R, 2017) |
| "The domain of gambling is rife with both diagnostic and non-diagnostic information." | ( Dixon, MJ; Fugelsang, JA; Koehler, DJ; Stange, M; Walker, AC, 2019) |
| "Problem gambling is often accompanied by a range of irrational cognitions that promote excessive gambling." | ( Armstrong, T; Blaszczynski, A; Browne, M; Rockloff, M, 2020) |
| "Gambling is a popular pastime in India and the number of problem gamblers is on the rise." | ( George, S; Kallivayalil, RA, 2021) |
| "Pathological gambling is a growing health problem in Romania, recognized in DSM V (2013) as a form of psychopathology included in the category of addictions." | ( Ciobotaru, CM; Clinciu, AI, 2022) |
| "Pathologic gambling is a rare but severe side effect of dopamine agonists (DA)." | ( Ibsen, JD; Lindström, ES; Skovbølling, SL, 2022) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "Pathological gambling has received little attention from clinicians and researchers despite prevalence rates similar to or greater than those of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." | ( Grant, JE; Kim, SW, 2006) |
| "Pathological gambling has many similarities to pharmacological addiction." | ( Franco, C; Frye, CA; Paris, JJ; Sodano, R; Wulfert, E, 2010) |
| "Motives for gambling have been shown to have an important role in gambling behavior, consistent with the literature on motives for substance use." | ( Bagby, RM; Hendershot, CS; Quilty, LC; Wardell, JD, 2015) |
| "Pathological gambling has been associated with dopamine transmission abnormalities, in particular dopamine D2-receptor deficiency, and reversal learning deficits." | ( Cools, R; Geurts, DE; Hashemi, MM; Janssen, LK; Sescousse, G; ter Huurne, NP; Timmer, MH, 2015) |
| "Gambling has been associated with increased sympathetic nervous system output and stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis." | ( Cannizzaro, C; Goudriaan, AE; Maniaci, G; van Holst, RJ, 2018) |
| "Gambling has been a popular pastime in ancient and colonial India, and continues to be in modern India." | ( George, S; Nadkarni, A; Velleman, R, 2017) |
| "Pathological gambling has been reported as a direct complication of Parkinson's disease and its pharmacological treatment based on dopamine agonists." | ( Capuano, A; Rafaniello, C; Rossi, F; Scavone, C; Sportiello, L; Stelitano, B, 2020) |
| "Problem gambling has been linked to impairments in decision-making under uncertainty." | ( Brevers, D; Hansen, S; Kildahl, N; Skewes, J, 2020) |
| "Problematic gambling has been suggested to be a possible consequence of dopaminergic medications used mainly in neurological conditions, i." | ( Håkansson, A; Wolfschlag, M, 2023) |