Page last updated: 2024-10-24
regulation of sensory perception of pain
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. [GOC:ai]
The regulation of sensory perception of pain is a complex and multifaceted process involving multiple levels of the nervous system. It is initiated by the transduction of noxious stimuli, such as mechanical, thermal, or chemical insults, into electrical signals by specialized sensory neurons called nociceptors. These signals are then transmitted to the spinal cord, where they are processed and relayed to higher brain centers. The perception of pain is influenced by a wide range of factors, including the nature and intensity of the stimulus, the individual's emotional state, and previous pain experiences. The regulation of pain perception involves both inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms, which modulate the transmission and processing of pain signals at different levels of the nervous system. Inhibitory mechanisms, such as the release of endogenous opioids and other neurotransmitters, suppress the transmission of pain signals. Excitatory mechanisms, such as the sensitization of nociceptors and the activation of inflammatory mediators, enhance the transmission and processing of pain signals. These mechanisms can interact with each other to regulate the overall perception of pain. The regulation of pain perception is also influenced by the activity of descending pathways from the brain, which can modulate the activity of spinal cord neurons involved in pain transmission. These pathways can either enhance or inhibit pain perception, depending on the specific brain regions involved and the nature of the stimulus. In addition to these neural mechanisms, the perception of pain can also be influenced by psychological and social factors, such as the individual's beliefs about pain, their expectations about pain relief, and their social support network. The regulation of pain perception is essential for survival, as it allows individuals to avoid potentially harmful stimuli and seek appropriate medical attention when necessary. Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in pain regulation is crucial for the development of effective treatments for chronic pain conditions.'
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Proteins (6)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Monoglyceride lipase | A monoglyceride lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99685] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 | A metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13255] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Fatty acid-binding protein 5 | A fatty acid-binding protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q01469] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | An adenosine receptor A1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P30542] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Proteinase-activated receptor 1 | A proteinase-activated receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P25116] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D | A glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15399] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (269)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9-ethyladenine | |||
| palmitic acid | hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine | |||
| ibotenic acid | Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
| 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine | 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine: weak agonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors; occludes the action of 1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate in hippocampus | hydroxybenzoic acid | |
| 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine | DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group. | oxopurine | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate | 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| enprofylline | enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. | oxopurine | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 6,7-dichloroquinoxaline-2,3-dione | quinoxaline derivative | ||
| 8-phenyltheophylline | 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist | ||
| 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid | 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source | ||
| amantadine | amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| theophylline | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent | |
| arcaine | 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions. arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | guanidines | |
| benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid | benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid: inhibits AmpC beta-lactamase; structure in first source | ||
| caffeine | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic | |
| cgs 15943 | 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors. | aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant |
| chlorpromazine | chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| clofibric acid | clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate. Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE. | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist |
| clotrimazole | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| racemethorphan | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11. | aromatic ether; morphinane alkaloid; morphinane-like compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound | |
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| econazole | 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| ifenprodil | ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist | piperidines | |
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine | 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| ketamine | ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors. | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| kynurenic acid | kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool. | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one | 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source | chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound | autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| memantine | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist | |
| nocodazole | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator | |
| miconazole | 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| ethylmaleimide | Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| n 0840 | N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist | ||
| nifedipine | Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| orphenadrine | orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm. | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| procyclidine | procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3. Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism. | pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| 4-carboxyphenylglycine | 4-carboxyphenylglycine: RN given for (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/93; glutamate receptor antagonist | alpha-amino acid | |
| thiram | thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| tinoridine | tinoridine: proposed anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS seach PYRIDINES (75-86) | thienopyridine | |
| ultram | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine | 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist | ||
| triiodothyronine | 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| aspartic acid | aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| adenosine monophosphate | Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| phencyclidine | phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust. | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine: structure in first source | ||
| bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide | bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: indicator for analysis of copper; structure | ||
| tetramethylthiuram monosulfide | |||
| 4,4'-dithiodimorpholine | 4,4'-dithiodimorpholine: rubber vulcanizing agent causing occupational dermatitis; structure | ||
| 2-chloroadenosine | 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source | purine nucleoside | |
| azacitidine | 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent. | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| alpha-naphthoflavone | alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14). alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4 | extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| methyl diethyldithiocarbamate | |||
| diphenyl disulfide | benzenes | ||
| n-phenylmaleimide | N-phenylmaleimide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7104 | ||
| dronabinol | Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| 9-benzyladenine | |||
| 1,6-bismaleimidohexane | |||
| 3-deazaadenosine | 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. | ||
| d-glutamate | D-alpha-amino acid; glutamic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| diacerein | diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase; | anthraquinone | |
| 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline | 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline: fluorescent oxalic acid deriv. | ||
| glutamic acid | glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| ribavirin | Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| bezafibrate | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic | |
| quisqualic acid | Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| mefloquine | (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown. | [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol | antimalarial |
| lovastatin | lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver. | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| rolofylline | rolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agent | oxopurine | |
| fenofibric acid | fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate. fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid | drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenylethane boronic acid | |||
| metrifudil | |||
| budipine | budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541 | diarylmethane | |
| 9-methyladenine | 9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9. | methyladenine | metabolite |
| n-methylmaleimide | N-methylmaleimide: structure in first source | ||
| 7-methyladenine | 7-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-7. 7-methyladenine: potential marker for monitoring exposure to methylatingcarcinogens | methyladenine | metabolite |
| 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, (s)-isomer | |||
| 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, (trans)-isomer | |||
| n-benzylmaleimide | |||
| n,n'-4-phenylenedimaleimide | |||
| rosiglitazone | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug | |
| truxillic acid | truxillic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | ||
| 6,7-dichloroquinoxaline-2,3-dione | |||
| 8-bromoadenine | 8-bromoadenine: affects DNA repair | ||
| d-aspartic acid | aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid | mouse metabolite | |
| L-2-aminoadipic acid | L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid. | 2-aminoadipic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| n(6)-benzyladenosine | N(6)-benzyladenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| 5-methylcytidine | methylcytidine | ||
| phenylisopropyladenosine | aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent | |
| n-(2-methoxyphenyl)maleimide | N-(2-methoxyphenyl)maleimide: structure given in first source | ||
| 5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine | 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer | ||
| alpha-aminopimelic acid | 2-aminopimelic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is heptanedioic acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group. It is a component of the cell wall peptidoglycan of bacteria. alpha-aminopimelic acid: antagonizes glutamate-induced inhibitions of Helix neurones | amino dicarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | bacterial metabolite |
| n(6)-phenyladenosine | purine nucleoside | ||
| n-methyladenosine | N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase. | methyladenosine | |
| 2'-o-methyladenosine | cordysinin B : A member of the class of adenosines that is adenosine in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. | adenosines; ether | fungal metabolite |
| 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane | 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer | ||
| pregnenolone sulfate | pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer | steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| pd 81723 | PD 81723: adenosine binding enhancer; structure given in first source | ||
| n-(4-bromophenyl)maleimide | N-(4-bromophenyl)maleimide: structure given in first source | ||
| n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine | 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group. N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound | adenosine A3 receptor agonist |
| 2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine | 2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors | ||
| adenosine amine congener | adenosine amine congener: a highly potent & selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist | ||
| 8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine | 8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine: used to localize adenosine receptors in the brain | ||
| ly 293558 | tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist | ||
| 7-bromoeudistomine d | 7-bromoeudistomine D: inducer of calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum | ||
| kfm 19 | KFM 19: a potential cognitive enhancer and a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine | N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase. | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine | 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source | ||
| 1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl-boronic acid | |||
| besonprodil | besonprodil: CI-1041 is also known as PD19680; NMDA receptor antagonist for treatment of Parkinson's disease; structure in first source | ||
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | |||
| tecadenoson | tecadenoson: an A1 adenosine receptor agonist | ||
| philanthotoxin 343 | philanthotoxin 343: structure given in first source (see article's footnote); identical to philanthotoxin 433 except that the number of methylene groups between the respective amine moieties is 3,4,3 instead of 4,3,3 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| 1-deazaadenosine | 1-deazaadenosine: inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis; structure given in first source | ||
| alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid | alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | ||
| sb 203580 | imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide | EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent | |
| zm 241385 | ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor | diamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| sch 58261 | triazolopyrimidines | ||
| homocysteic acid | homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid. homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration. | homocysteic acid | NMDA receptor agonist |
| 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid | (2S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alpha-aminobutyric acid in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. It is a potent and selective agonist for the group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4/6/7/8). | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids | metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist |
| dizocilpine | secondary amino compound; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist | |
| cns 5161 | CNS 5161: structure in first source | ||
| 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid | 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid: structure in first source | ||
| 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine | 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine: structure in first source | morpholines; purines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; Aurora kinase inhibitor; cell dedifferentiation agent |
| eglumetad | eglumetad: LY-354740 is the active isomer, LY-366563 is the inactive isomer, and LY 314582 is the racemate; structure given in first source | L-alpha-amino acid | |
| regadenoson | purine nucleoside | ||
| cp 101,606 | traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| mrs 1067 | 3,6-dichloro-2'-isopropyloxy-4'-methylflavone: structure in first source | ||
| mrs 1220 | 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazoline: structure in first source | quinazolines | |
| 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine | (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups. | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; resorcinols | |
| arachidonic acid | arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| palmitoleic acid | hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | hexadec-9-enoic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite |
| oleic acid | oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed) | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine | (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist. alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) | Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group. | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| diethylstilbestrol | diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| roflumilast | aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound | anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor | |
| wr-142,490 | (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown. | [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol | antimalarial |
| n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine | |||
| sch-202676 | SCH-202676: An allosteric modulator of both agonist and antagonist binding to G protein-coupled receptors; structure in first source | ||
| 5-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | methoxybenzenes; substituted aniline | ||
| vu0099704 | VU0099704: an antagonist of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR-4); structure in first source | ||
| 2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxopropylamino)phenyl]benzamide | benzamides | ||
| 2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxobutylamino)phenyl]benzamide | benzamides | ||
| 9-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-pyrido[1,2]thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidinone | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | ||
| 4-bromohomoibotenic acid, (rs)-isomer | |||
| tamoxifen | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator | |
| 5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-N-ethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanecarboxamide | purine nucleoside | ||
| 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine | 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw. 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist | acetylenic compound; methylpyridines | anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| fk 838 | FK 838: an adenosine subtype-1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| 7-chloro-thiokynurenate | 7-chlorothiokynurenic acid: glycine site antagonist of NMDA receptor | ||
| 2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide | 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source | ||
| adenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamide | adenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the propyl amide of adenosine 5'-carboxylic acid. | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide | |
| 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine | 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group. | adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid | adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent |
| 4-methylglutamic acid, threo-(l)-isomer | |||
| mrs 1523 | 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist | ||
| (3-chlorophenyl)(6,7-dimethoxy-1-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1h)-yl)methanone | (3-chlorophenyl)(6,7-dimethoxy-1-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)methanone: a positive modulator of GluN2C/GluN2D subunit-selective NMDA receptor | ||
| 4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid | 4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid: structure in first source | ||
| sch 79797 | quinazolines | ||
| tcn 201 | |||
| sib 1757 | SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| arachidonyltrifluoromethane | AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2 | fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound | EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor |
| linoleic acid | linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| genistein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| naloxone | naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| morphine | Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| [2-(1-piperidinyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl]-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone | piperazines; pyridines | ||
| l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine | |||
| mre 3008-f20 | MRE 3008-F20: InChIKey: CJRNHKSLHHWUAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
| 2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine | |||
| 2r,4r-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate | pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid | ||
| istradefylline | oxopurine | ||
| upf 596 | UPF 596: structure in first source | ||
| osip 339391 | UCS15A: from Streptomyces; structure in first source | ||
| l 745870 | 3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source | piperazines | |
| ly-367385 | |||
| sib 1893 | SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine | |||
| psb 1115 | oxopurine | ||
| n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine, (s)-isomer | |||
| 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine | 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist | monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| levorphanol | Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. | morphinane alkaloid | |
| dextromethorphan | dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| dextrorphan | Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN. | morphinane alkaloid | |
| isoalloxazine | isoalloxazine: structure | benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione | |
| enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- | peptide | ||
| licostinel | licostinel: a glycine site NMDA receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| HTS 01037 | ring assembly; thiophenes | ||
| 7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine | |||
| ciproxifan | aromatic ketone | ||
| bw a1433 | BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist | ||
| fk 453 | FK 453: adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a new antihypertensive agent with diuretic action in isolated rabbit aorta; FR113452 is the S-(-) enantiomer of FK 453 | ||
| guineensine | guineensine: an Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, from the fruits of Piper longum; structure in first sourc | benzodioxoles | |
| kf 17837 | |||
| gw 1929 | GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source | benzophenones | |
| mrs 1754 | oxopurine | ||
| 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, cis-(1s,3s)-isomer | |||
| ampa, (r)-isomer | |||
| 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid | 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid: metabolic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| ro 25-6981 | Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source | benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| eaa-090 | EAA-090: a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist; structure in first source | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| pd 174494 | PD 174494: structure in first source | piperidines | |
| binodenoson | |||
| fpl 15896ar | |||
| 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine | 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine: an excitatory amino acid antagonist | ||
| 5-amino-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | ||
| (4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-(6-hydroxy-1h-indol-2-yl)methanone | (4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-(6-hydroxy-1H-indol-2-yl)methanone: an NR2B-subunit selective antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| atl 146e | BMS-068645: structure in first source | ||
| rwj 68354 | |||
| ly 341495 | xanthenes | ||
| mgs 0028 | MGS 0028: a group II mGluR agonist; structure in first source | ||
| tapentadol | Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES. | alkylbenzene | |
| o-demethyltramadol | alkylbenzene; ring assembly | ||
| tqx 173 | |||
| n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine | N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist | ||
| rwj-56110 | RWJ-56110: a PAR-1 antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| st 1535 | |||
| (1rs,1's)-peaqx | |||
| gw 9578 | GW 9578: a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist; structure in first source | ||
| n-((1s,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine | N-((1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine: structure given in first source; an adenosine A1 receptor agonist | purine nucleoside | |
| bay36-7620 | BAY36-7620: a potent non-competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonist with inverse agonist activity. ; structure in first source | ||
| 2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine | 2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine: a adenosine A2A receptor agonist | ||
| cay 10499 | carbamate ester | ||
| bay-68-4986 | |||
| 4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride | |||
| ly 389795 | LY 389795: a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| vorapaxar | vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation. vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source | carbamate ester; lactone; naphthofuran; organofluorine compound; pyridines | cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist |
| 2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-(4-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-7h-pyrazolo(4,3-e)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine-5-amine | |||
| ly 379268 | LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia. LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source | amino dicarboxylic acid; bridged compound; organic heterobicyclic compound | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent |
| vuf 8504 | |||
| n(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosine | N(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosine: adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source | ||
| n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide | |||
| methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate | phosphonic ester | ||
| e 5555 | E 5555: a 2-iminopyridine derivative and platelet aggregation inhibitor | aromatic ketone | |
| r 214127 | R 214127: an mGlu1 receptor ligand; structure in first source | ||
| sch 442416 | SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligand | triazolopyrimidines | |
| urb602 | URB602: inhibitor of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-deactivating enzyme, monoacylglycerol lipase, structure in first source | ||
| mrs 3558 | |||
| cvt-6883 | 3-ethyl-1-propyl-8-(1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione: structure in first source | ||
| jnj16259685 | organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle | ||
| ly2183240 | LY2183240: structure in first source | biphenyls | |
| a 794282 | |||
| a-841720 | A-841720: structure in first source | ||
| 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea: structure in first source | ||
| ino-8875 | INO-8875: structure in first source | ||
| tozadenant | tozadenant: an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist | benzothiazoles | |
| zstk474 | ZSTK-474 : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. | benzimidazoles; morpholines; organofluorine compound; triamino-1,3,5-triazine | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor |
| psb 36 | 1-butyl-8-(3-noradamantyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)xanthine: an A1 receptor antagonist | oxopurine | |
| lj 529 | |||
| omdm 169 | OMDM 169: has antinociceptive activity; structure in first source | ||
| a 803467 | A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source | ||
| bms 309403 | |||
| sp 203 | 3-fluoro-5-(2-(2-(fluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile: a radioligand for mGlu5 receptor; structure in first source | ||
| v 2006 | 3-(4-amino-3-methylbenzyl)-7-(2-furyl)-3H-(1,2,3)triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidine-5-amine: antiparkinson agent; structure in first source | ||
| am 6701 | |||
| jzl 184 | JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source | benzodioxoles | |
| psb603 | PSB603: an adenosine A2B receptor antagonist | ||
| nitd 609 | NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source | ||
| jzl195 | JZL195: inhibits both fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 and monoglyceride lipase; structure in first source | ||
| sar127303 | SAR127303: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source | ||
| mjn110 | MJN110: structure in first source | ||
| AZ3451 | benzimidazoles; benzodioxoles; nitrile; organobromine compound; secondary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; autophagy inducer; PAR2 negative allosteric modulator | |
| sildenafil | sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| psb 11 | |||
| n-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-(5-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purin-8-yl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-acetamide | |||
| luf 5834 | 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile: structure in first source | ||
| fenobam | fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate | ureas |