pyrroles profile

1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	8027
CHEMBL ID	16225
CHEBI ID	19203
CHEBI ID	35556
MeSH ID	M0018276

Synonym
ccris 2933
fema no. 3386
ai3-18817
nsc 62777
hsdb 119
einecs 203-724-7
azole
divinyleneimine
CHEBI:19203 ,
wln: t5mj
1-aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene
imidole
nsc-72470
divinylenimine
nsc72470
pyrrole
pyrrol
monopyrrole
30604-81-0
nsc62777
nsc-62777
pyrroles ,
pyrolle
inchi=1/c4h5n/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-5
109-97-7
1h-pyrrole
pyrrole, >=98%, fcc, fg
pyrrole, reagent grade, 98%
CHEMBL16225
FT-0659051
P0574
AKOS000120094
A802120
QSPL 001
unii-86s1zd6l2c
86s1zd6l2c ,
C19907
BBL011520
STL146636
pyrrole [fcc]
1h-pyrrole [mi]
pyrrole [fhfi]
pyrrole [hsdb]
EPITOPE ID:136031
c4h5n
BP-21154
pyrrole-15n
26120-22-9
1-h-pyrrole
NCGC00357161-01
dtxcid201910
cas-109-97-7
dtxsid5021910 ,
tox21_303910
STR00296
Q-100054
mfcd00005216
F2190-0643
pyrrole, analytical standard
pyrrole, reagent
pyrrhol
fema 3386
Q242627
AMY40221
a pyrrole
1-aza-cyclopentadiene
pyrrole-
beta-pyrrole
pyrole
(1h-pyrrole)x
pyrrole-nd
EN300-20590
107760-17-8
chebi:35556
pyrrole1539
Z104479036

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Amidopyrroles have been employed in a variety of anion receptors and sensors. "	( Amidopyrroles: from anion receptors to membrane transport agents. Gale, PA, 2005)	1.36

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mindapyrroles B and C inhibit the growth of multiple pathogenic bacteria, with mindapyrrole B (2) showing the most potent antimicrobial activity and widest selectivity index over mammalian cells."	( Mindapyrroles A-C, Pyoluteorin Analogues from a Shipworm-Associated Bacterium. Cleofas, MJB; Concepcion, GP; Haygood, MG; Lacerna, NM; Lim, AL; Lin, Z; Miller, BW; Robes, JMD; Salvador-Reyes, LA; Schmidt, EW; Tun, JO, 2019)	1.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Severe toxic symptoms including anorexia, emesis, ataxia and convulsive seizures were observed."	( [Species differences in subacute toxicity of pyrrole aldehyde N4-(4-methoxyphenyl) semicarbazone]. Zhang, S, 1990)	0.28
" Monocrotaline is the major toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid of Crotalaria species."	( Effect of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 2-chloroethanol against pyrrole production and chronic toxicity of monocrotaline in chickens. Braun, RC; Dickinson, JO, 1987)	0.27
" Tolmetin was also found to be safe and well tolerated by the elderly patient population."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of tolmetin sodium in treatment of geriatric patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a retrospective study. O'Brien, WM, 1983)	0.27
" The different toxic effects were related to the structure and metabolism of the compounds."	( The toxic effects in rats of some synthanecine carbamate and phosphate esters analogous to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Driver, HE; Mattocks, AR, 1984)	0.27
" In the animal additional factors could influence the formation and tissue binding of pyrrolic metabolites, including the detoxication of alkaloids by hydrolysis and the chemical reactivity and stability of the toxic metabolites."	( Pyrrolic and N-oxide metabolites formed from pyrrolizidine alkaloids by hepatic microsomes in vitro: relevance to in vivo hepatotoxicity. Bird, I; Mattocks, AR, 1983)	0.27
" In this long-term safety study, patients treated with zomepirac had significantly fewer adverse reactions and fewer limiting adverse reactions than did patients treated with aspirin."	( Long-term safety of zomepirac: a double-blind comparison with aspirin in patients with osteoarthritis. Andelman, SY; Cannella, JJ; Ruoff, GE, )	0.13
" The primary adverse effect of Ro 24-7429 was rash, which necessitated treatment discontinuation in 6 of 71 patients."	( A randomized trial of the activity and safety of Ro 24-7429 (Tat antagonist) versus nucleoside for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group 213 Team. Flexner, C; Ginsberg, R; Hamzeh, FM; Haubrich, RH; Hirsch, M; Lederman, MM; Lietman, P; Pettinelli, CP; Richman, DD; Spector, SA, 1995)	0.29
"To assess the lipid-lowering effect of atorvastatin (a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitor) on levels of serum triglycerides and other lipoprotein fractions in patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia, determine if atorvastatin causes a redistribution of triglycerides in various lipoprotein fractions, and assess its safety by reporting adverse events and clinical laboratory measurements."	( Efficacy and safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Bakker-Arkema, RG; Black, DM; Brown, WV; Davidson, MH; Davignon, J; Goldstein, RJ; Isaacsohn, JL; Keilson, LM; Miller, VT; Shurzinske, LJ; Weiss, SR, 1996)	0.29
" In conclusion, TNAP was considered to be a toxic compound in mice as evidenced by increased incidences of mortality, and lesions of liver."	( Hepatotoxicity of 1,3,5-trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole derived from nitrosation of Maillard reaction product in BALB/C mouse. Chu, CY; Hsu, JD; Lin, YL; Tseng, TH; Wang, CJ, 1996)	0.29
" The most common adverse events reported after atorvastatin-headache and nausea-occurred as frequently after placebo."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, in healthy subjects. Cilla, DD; Gibson, DM; Posvar, EL; Sedman, AJ; Whitfield, LR, 1996)	0.29
" Safety was assessed by recording adverse events and measuring clinical laboratory parameters."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin compared to pravastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Bertolini, S; Bon, GB; Campbell, LM; Egros, F; Farnier, M; Fayyad, R; Langan, J; Mahla, G; Nawrocki, JW; Pauciullo, P; Sirtori, C, 1997)	0.3
" Safety profiles as determined by change from baseline in laboratory evaluations, ophthalmologic parameters, and reporting of adverse events were similar for the 2 reductase inhibitors."	( Comparison of one-year efficacy and safety of atorvastatin versus lovastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia. Atorvastatin Study Group I. Bakker-Arkema, R; Black, D; Davidson, M; Fayyad, R; McKenney, J; Schrott, H; Stein, E, 1997)	0.3
" No serious adverse events were considered associated with treatment."	( A multicenter, double-blind, one-year study comparing safety and efficacy of atorvastatin versus simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Best, J; Black, D; Bracs, P; d'Emden, M; Dart, A; Hamilton-Craig, I; Jerums, G; Nicholson, G; Sullivan, D; Tallis, G; West, M, 1997)	0.3
"Transaminase and creatine phosphokinase levels and adverse events were recorded."	( An overview of the clinical safety profile of atorvastatin (lipitor), a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Bakker-Arkema, RG; Black, DM; Nawrocki, JW, 1998)	0.3
"Atorvastatin was well tolerated; fewer than 2% of the atorvastatin-treated patients withdrew due to drug-attributable adverse events."	( An overview of the clinical safety profile of atorvastatin (lipitor), a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Bakker-Arkema, RG; Black, DM; Nawrocki, JW, 1998)	0.3
" Atorvastatin was well-tolerated, and no serious or medically important adverse events were observed."	( Efficacy and safety of a new cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, atorvastatin, in comparison with simvastatin and pravastatin, in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Black, DM; Mahla, G; Muller, D; Pentrup, A; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 1998)	0.3
"We conclude that atorvastatin is a safe and very efficacious cholesterol-lowering agent, which also possesses significant triglyceride-lowering properties."	( Efficacy and safety of a new cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, atorvastatin, in comparison with simvastatin and pravastatin, in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Black, DM; Mahla, G; Muller, D; Pentrup, A; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 1998)	0.3
" Adverse event rates were statistically equivalent (p<0."	( Safety of low-density lipoprotein cholestrol reduction with atorvastatin versus simvastatin in a coronary heart disease population (the TARGET TANGIBLE trial). Klein, G; März, W; Neiss, A; Wehling, M; Wollschläger, H, 1999)	0.3
" The frequency of treatment-associated adverse events (AEs) in the atorvastatin LDL-C < or =80 mg/dl (2."	( Safety profile of atorvastatin-treated patients with low LDL-cholesterol levels. Bakker-Arkema, RG; Black, DM; Nawrocki, JW, 2000)	0.31
"The protective role of zinc against the toxic effects of 2, 5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), the main neurotoxic metabolite of n-hexane, was investigated by studying the interference of zinc on the toxicokinetics of 2,5-HD."	( Evidence for zinc protection against 2,5-hexanedione toxicity by co-exposure of rats to zinc chloride. Batoreu, MC; Mateus, ML; Santos, AP, )	0.13
" Only one patient withdrew due to a possible drug-related adverse event."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in hyperlipidemic, type 2 diabetic patients. A 34-week, multicenter, open-label study. Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Alvarado Vega, A; Angélica Gómez-Díaz, R; Eduardo Romero-Nava, L; Gómez-Pérez, FJ; Guillén, LE; Gulías-Herrero, A; Meaney, E; Mendoza Pérez, E; Moguel, R; Novoa, G; Posadas-Romero, C; Salinas-Orozco, S; Vázquez-Chávez, C, 2000)	0.31
" Fewer than 6% of patients in either treatment group experienced drug-attributable adverse events, which were mostly mild to moderate in nature."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of atorvastatin (10mg) with simvastatin (10mg) at six weeks. ASSET Investigators. Goldner, D; Insull, W; Kafonek, S; Zieve, F, 2001)	0.31
" All patients were asked to keep a daily diary to evaluate gastric tolerability, whereas overall tolerability was evaluated by recording adverse effects and determining the common laboratory parameters."	( [Efficacy and safety of amtolmetin guacyl in the treatment of acute osteoarthritis]. Biasi, G; Marcolongo, R, 2001)	0.31
"The analysis of vital parameters, laboratory parameters and adverse effects confirmed the good tolerability of the product."	( [Efficacy and safety of amtolmetin guacyl in the treatment of acute osteoarthritis]. Biasi, G; Marcolongo, R, 2001)	0.31
" Withdrawal rates related to adverse events are low (< or =3%)."	( Safety of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: focus on atorvastatin. Bernini, F; Paoletti, R; Poli, A, 2001)	0.31
"Data from 185 patients were retrospectively evaluated for adverse events, duration of exposure (person-days), and the mean atorvastatin dose exposure."	( Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in heart transplant recipients. Aaronson, KD; Baliga, RR; Cody, RJ; Dyke, DB; Koelling, TM; Lake, KD; Pagani, FD; Patel, DN, 2002)	0.31
"Data from 185 patients were retrospectively evaluated for adverse events, duration of exposure (person-days), and the mean atorvastatin dose exposure."	( Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in heart transplant recipients. Aaronson, KD; Baliga, RR; Cody, RJ; Dyke, DB; Koelling, TM; Lake, KD; Pagani, FD; Patel, DN, 2002)	0.31
"Atorvastatin, when used at moderate doses and with close biochemical and clinical monitoring, appears to be safe and is effective in aggressively lowering LDL in heart transplant recipients when treatment with other statins has failed to achieve LDL goals."	( Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in heart transplant recipients. Aaronson, KD; Baliga, RR; Cody, RJ; Dyke, DB; Koelling, TM; Lake, KD; Pagani, FD; Patel, DN, 2002)	0.31
" There were no significant adverse events."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily atorvastatin (10 mg) in patients with elevated LDL-cholesterol. Ting, CT; Wang, KY, 2001)	0.31
"To perform safe and effective animal surgery, it is essential to follow a well- disciplined approach."	( Operative technique for safe pulmonary lobectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Beauchamp, RD; Hanley, GA; Roman, CD, 2002)	0.31
" Ezetimibe was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with atorvastatin or simvastatin in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Bruckert, E; Gagné, C; Gaudet, D, 2002)	0.31
"In hypercholesterolemia patients, atorvastatin 10 mg every other day is safe and effective in lowering TC, TG, with LDL-c and a slight increase in HDL-c."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin 10 mg every other day in hypercholesterolemia. Chatlaong, B; Laothavorn, P; Nasawadi, C; Piamsomboon, C; Pongsiri, K; Saguanwong, S; Tanprasert, P, 2002)	0.31
" Data obtained by monitoring lipid profiles, adverse events, and laboratory tests during the 16 weeks of study were used to assess the efficacy and safety of both treatments."	( Comparing the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin and simvastatin in Asians with elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol--a multinational, multicenter, double-blind study. Hin, AT; Lee, YT; Suyono, S; Sy, R; Tanphaichitr, V; Wu, CC, 2002)	0.31
" No deaths occurred in the study population and the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was the same in the two groups (28%)."	( Comparing the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin and simvastatin in Asians with elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol--a multinational, multicenter, double-blind study. Hin, AT; Lee, YT; Suyono, S; Sy, R; Tanphaichitr, V; Wu, CC, 2002)	0.31
" 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are efficacious and safe and can lower the incidence of graft coronary artery disease after heart transplantation in adults."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin after pediatric heart transplantation. Bernstein, D; Chin, C; Gamberg, P; Luikart, H; Miller, J, 2002)	0.31
" Data included medication use, clinic visits, adverse events, LDL-C and other laboratory measures."	( An economic analysis of the Atorvastatin Comparative Cholesterol Efficacy and Safety Study (ACCESS). McBurney, CR; Smith, DG, 2003)	0.32
" Pyrrolic metabolites were produced from MCT by SECs in vitro, which suggests that MCT may injure SECs directly through the formation of its toxic metabolite, monocrotaline pyrrole."	( Endothelial cell injury and coagulation system activation during synergistic hepatotoxicity from monocrotaline and bacterial lipopolysaccharide coexposure. Copple, BL; Ganey, PE; Hanumegowda, UM; Roth, RA; Shibuya, M; Yee, SB, 2003)	0.32
"Treatment with atorvastatin for 12 months was effective and safe for pediatric subjects with known familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hypercholesterolemia."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hyperlipidemia: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Marais, AD; McCrindle, BW; Ose, L, 2003)	0.32
" A retrospective analysis was conducted and included treatment-associated adverse events, serious adverse events, and musculoskeletal and hepatic adverse events."	( Safety of atorvastatin derived from analysis of 44 completed trials in 9,416 patients. Newman, CB; Palmer, G; Silbershatz, H; Szarek, M, 2003)	0.32
" The drug has been shown to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic antibronchocostrictory and antiplatelet properties at doses which are safe for the gastrointestinal tract."	( The metabolic effects of inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 are an advancement in the efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory therapy. Celotti, F; Durand, T, 2003)	0.32
" One such mechanism involves the reductive bioactivation of the quinone ring to a semiquinone radical, which can exert direct toxic effects and/or undergo redox cycling."	( Human NADPH-cytochrome p450 reductase overexpression does not enhance the aerobic cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in human breast cancer cell lines. Inaba, T; Lee, C; Patterson, AV; Ramji, S; Riddick, DS, 2003)	0.32
" Unlike selective COX-2 inhibitors, coadministration of licofelone and aspirin does not appear to be associated with an increase in gastrointestinal adverse events, at least under experimental conditions."	( Safety of anti-inflammatory treatment--new ways of thinking. Brune, K, 2004)	0.32
"The estimated likelihood of the side effect occurring."	( Comparison of two methods of presenting risk information to patients about the side effects of medicines. Berry, DC; Knapp, P; Raynor, DK, 2004)	0.32
"The mean likelihood estimate given for the constipation side effect was 34."	( Comparison of two methods of presenting risk information to patients about the side effects of medicines. Berry, DC; Knapp, P; Raynor, DK, 2004)	0.32
" The use of verbal descriptors to improve the level of information about side effect risk leads to overestimation of the level of harm and may lead patients to make inappropriate decisions about whether or not they take the medicine."	( Comparison of two methods of presenting risk information to patients about the side effects of medicines. Berry, DC; Knapp, P; Raynor, DK, 2004)	0.32
" Safety evaluations included adverse event (AE) reports and laboratory test results."	( Long-term safety and tolerability profile of ezetimibe and atorvastatin coadministration therapy in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Alizadeh, J; Ballantyne, CM; Lipka, LJ; Sager, PT; Strony, J; Suresh, R; Veltri, EP, 2004)	0.32
" Therefore, both placebo- and statin-treated patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are best treated with high-dose atorvastatin, a therapeutic regimen that induces atherosclerosis regression and is safe and well tolerated over a 4-year period."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of high-dose atorvastatin treatment in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Kastelein, JJ; Smilde, TJ; Stalenhoef, AF; Trip, MD; van Wissen, S, 2005)	0.33
"Atorvastatin initiated at doses of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg is effective and safe for the treatment of patients with dyslipidemia."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin initiated at different starting doses in patients with dyslipidemia. Downey, J; Jones, PH; Karalis, DG; McKenney, JM, 2005)	0.33
"The authors reviewed adverse events (AEs) reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration to determine the percentage of statin-associated AE reports with concurrent amiodarone use for simvastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin."	( Adverse events with concomitant amiodarone and statin therapy. Alsheikh-Ali, AA; Karas, RH, 2005)	0.33
" On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect with the use of Chunghyul-dan in hepatic or renal toxicity."	( Efficacy and safety of chunghyul-dan (qingwie-dan) in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Cho, KH; Jung, WS; Kang, HS; Moon, SK; Park, SU, 2005)	0.33
" The clinical benefits of preventing vascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, and need for revascularization outweigh the low rates of adverse events associated with high-dose statin therapy in high- and intermediate-risk patients."	( Safety of high-dose atorvastatin therapy. Waters, DD, 2005)	0.33
"Compared with patients treated with an accepted LDL goal (80 to 100 mg/dl), there was no adverse effect on safety with lower achieved LDL levels, and apparent improved clinical efficacy."	( Can low-density lipoprotein be too low? The safety and efficacy of achieving very low low-density lipoprotein with intensive statin therapy: a PROVE IT-TIMI 22 substudy. Braunwald, E; Cannon, CP; Morrow, DA; Pfeffer, MA; Ray, KK; Wiviott, SD, 2005)	0.33
" The least toxic compounds were DEPMPO (LD(50)=143 mM for SW480, 117 mM for A549 or 277 mM for F2000) and i-PrMPO (LD(50)=114 mM for SKBR3), the most toxic one was t-BuMPO (LD(50)=5-6mM for all cell types)."	( Cytotoxicity of novel derivatives of the spin trap EMPO. Marian, B; Nohl, H; Rohr-Udilova, N; Stolze, K, 2006)	0.33
"Although the medication caused no severe adverse events, we recommend caution when using atorvastatin for severe CKD patients until further evidence of its safety and efficacy is verified."	( Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in patients with severe renal dysfunction. Brännström, M; Bucht, B; Crougneau, V; Dimeny, E; Ekspong, A; Granroth, B; Gröntoft, KC; Hadimeri, H; Holmberg, B; Ingman, B; Isaksson, B; Johansson, G; Lindberger, K; Lundberg, L; Mikaelsson, L; Olausson, E; Persson, B; Stegmayr, BG; Welin, D; Wikdahl, AM, 2005)	0.33
" At this dose, the main adverse effects were sore mouth, edema, and thrombocytopenia."	( Safety, pharmacokinetic, and antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with cancer. Armand, JP; Bello, C; Brega, N; Delbaldo, C; Deprimo, S; Faivre, S; Lassau, N; Lozahic, S; Massimini, G; Raymond, E; Robert, C; Scigalla, P; Vera, K, 2006)	0.33
" The study compared the safety of atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 7,258), atorvastatin 80 mg (n = 4,798), and placebo (n = 2,180) and included analyses on treatment-associated adverse events; nonserious and serious adverse events related to the musculoskeletal, hepatic, and renal systems; the incidence of elevations of creatine kinase >10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); and hepatic transaminases >3 times ULN."	( Comparative safety of atorvastatin 80 mg versus 10 mg derived from analysis of 49 completed trials in 14,236 patients. Gibson, E; Luo, D; Newman, C; Szarek, M; Tsai, J, 2006)	0.33
" Adverse effects have been related to the use of certain statins, high statin dosages, comorbidities, and coadministration with cyclosporine."	( Safety of statins when response is carefully monitored: a study of 336 heart recipients. Aldama-López, G; Campo-Pérez, R; Castro-Beiras, A; Crespo-Leiro, MG; Llinares-García, D; Marzoa-Rivas, R; Muñiz-Garcia, J; Paniagua-Marin, MJ; Piñón-Esteban, P, 2005)	0.33
"Between April 1991 and December 2003, we retrospectively evaluated 336 heart transplant patients (including 55 women) with regard to the occurrence of possible adverse effects of statins (rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, hepatotoxicity, high CK without muscle symptoms, and others)."	( Safety of statins when response is carefully monitored: a study of 336 heart recipients. Aldama-López, G; Campo-Pérez, R; Castro-Beiras, A; Crespo-Leiro, MG; Llinares-García, D; Marzoa-Rivas, R; Muñiz-Garcia, J; Paniagua-Marin, MJ; Piñón-Esteban, P, 2005)	0.33
"Possible adverse events of statins were suffered by 60 patients, all of them men."	( Safety of statins when response is carefully monitored: a study of 336 heart recipients. Aldama-López, G; Campo-Pérez, R; Castro-Beiras, A; Crespo-Leiro, MG; Llinares-García, D; Marzoa-Rivas, R; Muñiz-Garcia, J; Paniagua-Marin, MJ; Piñón-Esteban, P, 2005)	0.33
"Some 10% to 20% of HT patients appear to suffer adverse side effects of initial statin therapy."	( Safety of statins when response is carefully monitored: a study of 336 heart recipients. Aldama-López, G; Campo-Pérez, R; Castro-Beiras, A; Crespo-Leiro, MG; Llinares-García, D; Marzoa-Rivas, R; Muñiz-Garcia, J; Paniagua-Marin, MJ; Piñón-Esteban, P, 2005)	0.33
" Assessment of safety was performed by upper GI endoscopy, gastrointestinal symptoms evaluation, electrocardiography, blood and urine laboratory tests, adverse events recording."	( Gastrointestinal safety of amtolmetin guacyl in comparison with celecoxib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Dankó, K; Jajić, Z; Koó, E; Kovacs, M; Malaise, M; Nekam, K; Scarpignato, C, )	0.13
"Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity remains a major side effect in solid organ transplantation, and can be exacerbated by concomitant administration of sirolimus."	( Role of P-glycoprotein in cyclosporine cytotoxicity in the cyclosporine-sirolimus interaction. Anglicheau, D; Beaune, P; Cassinat, B; Legendre, C; Marquet, P; Méria, P; Pallet, N; Rabant, M; Thervet, E, 2006)	0.33
" Following coadministered treatment, the adverse events reported were similar to either agent alone."	( Efficacy and safety of coadministered amlodipine and atorvastatin in patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia: results of the AVALON trial. Bakris, GL; Ferrera, D; Flack, JM; Houston, MC; Lee, E; Messerli, FH; Neutel, JM; Petrella, RJ; Sun, W, 2006)	0.33
" However, clinical data consistently support the view that adverse events are uncommon even when intensive therapy is used to reach aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals."	( How safe is aggressive statin therapy? Guthrie, RM, 2006)	0.33
" Pravastatin was not toxic up to 1 mmol/l."	( Toxicity of statins on rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. Brecht, K; Kaufmann, P; Krähenbühl, S; Török, M; Waldhauser, KM; Zahno, A, 2006)	0.33
" The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were vaginal bleeding/spotting, abdominal cramping and vomiting; their incidence was not dose related and most events were mild."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of tanaproget, a nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist, in healthy women. Bapst, JL; Ermer, JC; Ferron, GM; Foss, D; Orczyk, GP, 2006)	0.33
"Tanaproget was safe and well tolerated, decreased cervical mucus scores and had a pharmacokinetic profile acceptable for use as a once-daily oral contraceptive."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of tanaproget, a nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist, in healthy women. Bapst, JL; Ermer, JC; Ferron, GM; Foss, D; Orczyk, GP, 2006)	0.33
" Therapy was reasonably well tolerated; the most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue, diarrhoea, skin discolouration, and nausea."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Baum, CM; Bello, CL; Blackstein, ME; Casali, PG; Demetri, GD; Desai, J; Fletcher, CD; Garrett, CR; George, S; Heinrich, MC; Huang, X; Judson, IR; McArthur, G; Morgan, JA; Shah, MH; van Oosterom, AT; Verweij, J, 2006)	0.33
" The incidence of all-causality and treatment-related adverse events was similar across placebo and torcetrapib treatment groups with no evidence of a dose-related response."	( Efficacy and safety of torcetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, in individuals with below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on a background of atorvastatin. Davidson, MH; McKenney, JM; Revkin, JH; Shear, CL, 2006)	0.33
" The serums lipid profiles and adverse effects were assessed in all the patients before treatment, and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment."	( [Efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin alone or with atorvastatin for lipid profile modification]. Duan, J; Li, XP; Tan, MY; Xu, ZM; Zhang, DQ; Zhao, SP, 2006)	0.33
" (3) Adverse effect, such as flushing (15."	( [Efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin alone or with atorvastatin for lipid profile modification]. Duan, J; Li, XP; Tan, MY; Xu, ZM; Zhang, DQ; Zhao, SP, 2006)	0.33
" Combined statin with niacin may produce a more global and effective improvement in lipid blood levels than monotherapy and is generally safe and well tolerable."	( [Efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin alone or with atorvastatin for lipid profile modification]. Duan, J; Li, XP; Tan, MY; Xu, ZM; Zhang, DQ; Zhao, SP, 2006)	0.33
" Current drug labeling warns of an increased risk of adverse events with statin and niacin combinations."	( Safety of lovastatin/extended release niacin compared with lovastatin alone, atorvastatin alone, pravastatin alone, and simvastatin alone (from the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system). Alsheikh-Ali, AA; Karas, RH, 2007)	0.34
" Nineteen patients reported at least one adverse event during the study; the majority were mild in severity and considered unrelated to atorvastatin."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in South Asian patients with dyslipidemia: an open label noncomparative pilot study. Gupta, S; Hughes, EA; Lie, F; Patel, JV, 2005)	0.33
" Clinical chemistry profiles and the incidence of adverse events were similar in both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe co-administered with atorvastatin in untreated patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia and coronary heart disease. Blagden, MD; Chipperfield, R, 2007)	0.34
"Advances in understanding the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in normal physiology are giving insight into the basis of adverse effects attributed to the use of VEGF inhibitors in clinical oncology."	( Mechanisms of adverse effects of anti-VEGF therapy for cancer. Kamba, T; McDonald, DM, 2007)	0.34
" It can induce adverse events that differ from those observed in treatment with conventional cytotoxic agents."	( [Adverse effects of the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor sunitinib, a new drug for the treatment of advanced renal-cell cancer]. Boven, E; van den Eertwegh, AJ; van der Veldt, AA, 2007)	0.34
" PK data indicated that the bioavailability of oral PQD-A4 was greatly limited at high dose levels, that PQD-A4 was slowly converted to PQD via a sequential three-step process of conversion, and that PQD-A4 was significantly less toxic than the one-step hydrolysis drug, PQD-BE."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and hydrolysis of oral pyrroloquinazolinediamines administered in single and multiple doses in rats. Anova, L; Kozar, MP; Li, Q; Lin, AJ; Milhous, WK; Shearer, TW; Si, Y; Skillman, DR; Smith, KS; Xie, LH; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.34
" There were no clinically important differences in adverse event rates across quintiles."	( Safety and efficacy of Atorvastatin-induced very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Patients with coronary heart disease (a post hoc analysis of the treating to new targets [TNT] study). Greten, H; Grundy, SM; Kastelein, JJ; Kostis, JB; LaRosa, JC, 2007)	0.34
" Comparison of adverse events profile in both the groups shows that more number of patients from atorvastatin alone group (n = 14, 28%) had adverse reactions than the number of patients from the combination group (n = 4, 8%; p < 005)."	( Randomised study to compare the efficacy and safety of isapgol plus atorvastatin versus atorvastatin alone in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia. Jayaram, S; Langade, DG; Mane, PR; Prasad, HB; Sovani, VB, 2007)	0.34
" In the current article, the significance of adverse events and their management in RCC patients is reviewed in order to guide the clinical oncologist through patient surveillance and treatment of adverse events."	( Managing side effects of angiogenesis inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma. Fiedler, W; Grünwald, V; Heinzer, H, 2007)	0.34
" Atorvastatin is generally well tolerated across the range of therapeutic dosages, with the exception of a slightly higher rate of liver enzyme elevations with atorvastatin 80 mg/day which does not appear to confer an increased risk of clinically important adverse events."	( Atorvastatin: a safety and tolerability profile. Arca, M, 2007)	0.34
"Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently associated with adverse reactions, related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) in tissues where prostaglandins exert physiological effects, such as gastric mucosal defense and renal homeostasis."	( Gastrointestinal safety of novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: selective COX-2 inhibitors and beyond. Coruzzi, G; Spaggiari, S; Venturi, N, 2007)	0.34
" Overall, coadministered atorvastatin and amlodipine was well tolerated and without adverse pharmacodynamic interaction; combination treatment did not affect the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering efficacy and safety of atorvastatin, or the systolic blood pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of amlodipine."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamic interaction of coadministered amlodipine and atorvastatin in 1660 patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia: the respond trial. Dykstra, G; Gillen, D; Harvey, P; Herfert, O; Jukema, JW; Preston, RA; Sun, F, 2007)	0.34
" AC, the world's best selling drug is associated with poor oral bioavailability and serious adverse effects like rhabdomyolysis on chronic administration."	( Oral nanoparticulate atorvastatin calcium is more efficient and safe in comparison to Lipicure in treating hyperlipidemia. Ankola, DD; Chandraiah, G; Kumar, MN; Meena, AK; Rao, PR; Ratnam, DV, 2008)	0.35
" Both drugs were well-tolerated and the incidence and type of adverse events were similar in each group."	( A randomised study comparing the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin with atorvastatin for achieving lipid goals in clinical practice in Asian patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (DISCOVERY-Asia study). Lee, YT; Ro, YM; Sim, KH; Sriratanasathavorn, C; Tomlinson, B; Zhu, JR, 2007)	0.34
" The most frequent adverse events were infections and gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and vomiting)."	( Phase 1 dose-escalation study of CP-690 550 in stable renal allograft recipients: preliminary findings of safety, tolerability, effects on lymphocyte subsets and pharmacokinetics. Brennan, D; Chan, G; Chow, V; Gaston, R; Krishnaswami, S; Mendez, R; Ni, G; Pescovitz, MD; Pirsch, J; Swan, S; van Gurp, E; Wang, C; Weimar, W, 2008)	0.35
" Importantly, 47 patients (57%) needed a dose reduction, 35 (43%) because of treatment-related adverse events, 10 (12%) because of continuous dosing, and two because of both."	( Predictive factors for severe toxicity of sunitinib in unselected patients with advanced renal cell cancer. Berkhof, J; Boven, E; de Gast, G; Haanen, JB; Helgason, HH; Mallo, H; Tillier, CN; van den Eertwegh, AJ; van der Veldt, AA; van Wouwe, M, 2008)	0.35
" Comparing with the EC(50) values of cadmium chloride and mercury chloride, [bmim]BF(4) is not very toxic, but it may have a long-term toxic effect on mammalian cells."	( Conductive polymer as a controlled microenvironment for the potentiometric high-throughput evaluation of ionic liquid cell toxicity. Qiu, W; Zeng, X, 2008)	0.35
" The percentages of patients experiencing treatment-associated adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and discontinuations due to AEs in the atorvastatin (n=1,428) and placebo (n=1,410) groups were 23."	( The safety and tolerability of atorvastatin 10 mg in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS). Auster, S; Betteridge, DJ; Colhoun, HM; Demicco, DA; Durrington, PN; Fuller, JH; Hitman, GA; Neil, HA; Newman, CB; Szarek, M, 2008)	0.35
" Congestive heart failure is a less common but serious side effect that warrants treatment discontinuation."	( Targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an overview of toxicity and dosing strategies. Figlin, RA; Hutson, TE; Kuhn, JG; Motzer, RJ, 2008)	0.35
" Among the adverse effects observed for this lipid-lowering agent, clinical cases of cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported and associated with photosensitivity disorders."	( A mechanistic study on the phototoxicity of atorvastatin: singlet oxygen generation by a phenanthrene-like photoproduct. Iesce, MI; Lhiaubet-Vallet, V; Miranda, MA; Montanaro, S; Previtera, L, 2009)	0.35
" CPK surveillance is recommended because of a slight continued risk of adverse effects."	( The efficacy and safety of ezetimibe for treatment of dyslipidemia after heart transplantation. Castro-Beiras, A; Crespo-Leiro, MG; Flores, X; Franco, R; Grille, Z; Marzoa, R; Mosquera, V; Naya, C; Paniagua, MJ; Rodriguez, JA, 2008)	0.35
" The incidences of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences were generally similar between groups."	( Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added on to atorvastatin (20 mg) versus uptitration of atorvastatin (to 40 mg) in hypercholesterolemic patients at moderately high risk for coronary heart disease. Bays, HE; Bird, SR; Conard, SE; Leiter, LA; Lowe, RS; Rubino, J; Tershakovec, AM; Tomassini, JE, 2008)	0.35
" Safety and tolerability profiles and incidence of liver and muscle adverse experiences were generally similar between groups."	( Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added on to atorvastatin (40 mg) compared with uptitration of atorvastatin (to 80 mg) in hypercholesterolemic patients at high risk of coronary heart disease. Bays, H; Bird, S; Conard, S; Hanson, ME; Leiter, LA; Rubino, J; Tershakovec, AM; Tomassini, JE, 2008)	0.35
" Using data from the Rating Atherosclerotic Disease Change by Imaging with a New CETP Inhibitor [corrected] (RADIANCE) trials, which assessed the impact of torcetrapib on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), we sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying this adverse outcome."	( Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib and off-target toxicity: a pooled analysis of the rating atherosclerotic disease change by imaging with a new CETP inhibitor (RADIANCE) trials. Basart, DC; Bots, ML; Evans, GW; Grobbee, DE; Kastelein, JJ; Sijbrands, EJ; Stalenhoef, AF; Stroes, ES; van Leuven, SI; Vergeer, M; Visseren, FL, 2008)	0.35
"These analyses support mineralocorticoid-mediated off-target toxicity in patients receiving torcetrapib as a contributing factor to an adverse outcome."	( Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib and off-target toxicity: a pooled analysis of the rating atherosclerotic disease change by imaging with a new CETP inhibitor (RADIANCE) trials. Basart, DC; Bots, ML; Evans, GW; Grobbee, DE; Kastelein, JJ; Sijbrands, EJ; Stalenhoef, AF; Stroes, ES; van Leuven, SI; Vergeer, M; Visseren, FL, 2008)	0.35
" Anacetrapib was well tolerated, and the incidence of adverse events was similar for placebo and all active treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor anacetrapib as monotherapy and coadministered with atorvastatin in dyslipidemic patients. Bloomfield, D; Carlson, GL; Littlejohn, TW; McKenney, JM; Mitchel, Y; Pasternak, RC; Sapre, A; Sisk, CM; Tribble, D, 2009)	0.35
" Rates of any reported serious adverse event were higher in older patients, but did not differ between the 2 statin groups."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of atorvastatin (80 mg) to simvastatin (20 to 40 mg) in patients aged <65 versus >or=65 years with coronary heart disease (from the Incremental DEcrease through Aggressive Lipid Lowering [IDEAL] study). Cater, NB; Faergeman, O; Holme, I; Kastelein, JJ; Larsen, ML; Lindahl, C; Olsson, AG; Pedersen, TR; Szarek, M; Tikkanen, MJ, 2009)	0.35
" No major adverse events or clinical myopathy occurred in either groups."	( Efficacy and safety of combination of extended release niacin and atorvastatin in patients with low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Ajit Kumar, VK; Harikrishnan, S; Krishnamoorthy, KM; Nair, K; Rajeev, E; Sivasankaran, S; Tharakan, JA; Titus, T, )	0.13
"Despite their inherent selectivity, targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can cause unusual adverse effects."	( Hypothyroidism related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an emerging toxic effect of targeted therapy. Barnabei, A; Corsello, SM; Gasparini, G; Longo, R; Torino, F, 2009)	0.35
" The most common adverse events were peripheral oedema (11."	( International open-label studies to assess the efficacy and safety of single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin in attaining blood pressure and lipid targets recommended by country-specific guidelines: the JEWEL programme. Bauer, B; da Silva, PM; Feldman, RD; Genest, J; Gensini, G; Harvey, P; Jenssen, TG; John Mancini, GB; Manolis, AJ; Richard Hobbs, FD, 2009)	0.35
" Cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) have been observed with sunitinib treatment."	( Management of cardiac adverse events occurring with sunitinib treatment. Bojic, A; Lamm, W; Schmidinger, M; Vogl, UM; Zielinski, CC, 2009)	0.35
"Sunitinib shows evidence of modest antitumor activity in advanced HCC with manageable adverse effects."	( Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of sunitinib monotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II study. Abrams, TA; Ancukiewicz, M; Bhargava, P; Blaszkowsky, LS; Catalano, OA; Clark, JW; di Tomaso, E; Duda, DG; Enzinger, PC; Fuchs, CS; Hezel, AF; Jain, RK; Kwak, EL; Lahdenranta, J; Meyerhardt, J; Miksad, R; Ryan, DP; Sahani, DV; Sindhwani, V; Yoon, SS; Zhu, AX, 2009)	0.35
"Recent data have shown that cardiotoxicity represents a potentially important side-effect in patients treated with sunitinib."	( Cardiovascular toxicity following sunitinib therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter analysis. Aieta, M; Autorino, R; Bruni, G; Cartenì, G; De Nunzio, C; De Placido, S; Di Lorenzo, G; Ewer, M; Ficorella, C; Giordano, A; Giuliano, M; Gonnella, A; Montesarchio, V; Ricevuto, E; Rizzo, M; Romano, C; Tudini, M, 2009)	0.35
" The incidence of liver, muscle, and gastrointestinal-, hepatitis- and allergic reaction/rash-related adverse events were low and generally similar to those in previous studies of ezetimibe/simvastatin and/or atorvastatin."	( Lipid-altering efficacy and safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia and the metabolic syndrome (from the VYMET study). Adewale, AJ; Ballantyne, CM; Grundy, SM; Hsueh, WA; Parving, HH; Polis, AB; Robinson, JG; Rosen, JB; Tershakovec, AM; Tomassini, JE, 2009)	0.35
"Multitargeted kinase inhibitors are associated with a significant risk of various cutaneous adverse events."	( Cutaneous adverse effects in patients treated with the multitargeted kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib. Chang, SE; Choi, JH; Kang, YK; Koh, JK; Lee, JL; Lee, MW; Lee, WJ; Moon, KC, 2009)	0.35
"To determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 3 different dosages of CP-690,550, a potent, orally active JAK inhibitor, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in whom methotrexate, etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab caused an inadequate or toxic response."	( The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP-690,550 versus placebo. Bloom, BJ; Breedveld, FC; Burgos-Vargas, R; Coombs, JH; Fletcher, MP; Gruben, D; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Wilkinson, B; Zerbini, CA; Zwillich, SH, 2009)	0.35
" The most common adverse events reported were headache and nausea."	( The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP-690,550 versus placebo. Bloom, BJ; Breedveld, FC; Burgos-Vargas, R; Coombs, JH; Fletcher, MP; Gruben, D; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Wilkinson, B; Zerbini, CA; Zwillich, SH, 2009)	0.35
" With expanded clinical experience with this class of agents has come the increasing recognition of the diverse adverse effects related to disturbance of VEGF-dependent physiological functions and homeostasis in the cardiovascular and renal systems, as well as wound healing and tissue repair."	( Adverse effects of anticancer agents that target the VEGF pathway. Chen, HX; Cleck, JN, 2009)	0.35
" Commonly observed grade 3 and 4 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (14 of 37; 37."	( Safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an open-label, multicentre, phase II study. Boucher, E; Cheng, AL; Deprimo, S; Douillard, J; Faivre, S; Harmon, C; Kim, JS; Lanzalone, S; Lechuga, MJ; Lim, HY; Lin, X; Raymond, E; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Zappa, M, 2009)	0.35
" Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy (n=1168 [27%]) and adverse events (n=362 [8%])."	( Safety and efficacy of sunitinib for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: an expanded-access trial. Bjarnason, GA; Bracarda, S; Bukowski, R; Castellano, D; Gore, ME; Haanen, J; Hariharan, S; Lee, SH; Mainwaring, P; Nieto, A; Oudard, S; Porta, C; Schöffski, P; Szczylik, C; Vrdoljak, E; Yuan, J, 2009)	0.35
" The results of the present study indicate that intensive statin therapy with high-dose (80 mg/day) atorvastatin is more efficacious than and as safe as 20 mg/day atorvastatin when administered to elderly patients during early hospitalization for UA."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin during early hospitalization in elderly patients with unstable angina. Ge, ZM; Geng, J; Kang, WQ; Wang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Z, 2009)	0.35
" This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin on lipid profile modification and the risks of adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease."	( Combined use of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin: safety and effects on lipid modification. Chen, SY; Li, YG; Li, YH; Sang, ZC; Wang, F; Wang, HP; Zhou, Q, 2009)	0.35
" Plasma lipid profile, glucose, and adverse events were assessed at the hospitalization, and 6 and 12 months after treatment."	( Combined use of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin: safety and effects on lipid modification. Chen, SY; Li, YG; Li, YH; Sang, ZC; Wang, F; Wang, HP; Zhou, Q, 2009)	0.35
" Combination therapy with niacin ER and atorvastatin was well tolerated and safe in patients with coronary artery disease."	( Combined use of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin: safety and effects on lipid modification. Chen, SY; Li, YG; Li, YH; Sang, ZC; Wang, F; Wang, HP; Zhou, Q, 2009)	0.35
"Lipid-lowering drugs have been associated with severe adverse effects on skeletal muscle, including rhabdomyolysis."	( Statins and fibrate target ClC-1 - from side effects to CLC pharmacology. Zdebik, AA, 2009)	0.35
" Collectively, our data demonstrate that Obatoclax mediated inhibition of MCL-1 rapidly enhances Lapatinib toxicity in tumor cells via a toxic form of autophagy and via AIF release from the mitochondrion."	( Inhibition of MCL-1 enhances lapatinib toxicity and overcomes lapatinib resistance via BAK-dependent autophagy. Dent, P; Grant, S; Martin, AP; Mitchell, C; Nephew, KP; Rahmani, M, 2009)	0.35
" We defined a composite adverse event (CAE) as discontinuation for any side effect, myalgia, or CK >3x upper limit of normal during follow-up."	( The SLCO1B1*5 genetic variant is associated with statin-induced side effects. Ali, S; Ginsburg, GS; Reed, CR; Salisbury, BA; Shah, SH; Spasojevic, I; Voora, D, 2009)	0.35
" The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were fatigue (20%), hand-foot syndrome (14%) and hypertension (12%), decreased platelet count (55%), decreased neutrophil count (51%), increased lipase (39%) and decreased lymphocyte count (33%)."	( A phase II study of sunitinib in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: insights into the treatment, efficacy and safety. Agata, N; Akaza, H; Fujimoto, H; Hasegawa, Y; Houk, B; Miki, T; Mugiya, S; Naito, S; Niwakawa, M; Nonomura, N; Shinohara, N; Takahashi, M; Tomita, Y; Uemura, H; Yuasa, T, 2010)	0.36
"In Japanese patients with RCC, sunitinib is consistently effective and tolerable with similar risk/benefit as that in Western patients, though there was a trend toward greater antitumour efficacy and higher incidence of haematological adverse events in Japanese patients."	( A phase II study of sunitinib in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: insights into the treatment, efficacy and safety. Agata, N; Akaza, H; Fujimoto, H; Hasegawa, Y; Houk, B; Miki, T; Mugiya, S; Naito, S; Niwakawa, M; Nonomura, N; Shinohara, N; Takahashi, M; Tomita, Y; Uemura, H; Yuasa, T, 2010)	0.36
" We also review available data on the potential mechanisms by which these agents may cause adverse events (AEs) and we propose some general strategies to help clinicians to optimise treatment benefit with these agents."	( Targeted therapies in the treatment of GIST: Adverse events and maximising the benefits of sunitinib through proactive therapy management. Schöffski, P; Wolter, P, 2010)	0.36
" The two regimens have different tolerability profiles; therefore, costs for managing adverse events may be an important factor in selecting therapy."	( Costs of managing adverse events in the treatment of first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma: bevacizumab in combination with interferon-alpha2a compared with sunitinib. Escudier, B; Gore, M; Mickisch, G; Nuijten, M; Procopio, G; Walzer, S, 2010)	0.36
"Costs of managing adverse events affecting patients with metastatic RCC eligible for treatment with bevacizumab plus IFN or sunitinib were evaluated using a linear decision analytical model."	( Costs of managing adverse events in the treatment of first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma: bevacizumab in combination with interferon-alpha2a compared with sunitinib. Escudier, B; Gore, M; Mickisch, G; Nuijten, M; Procopio, G; Walzer, S, 2010)	0.36
" The average cost per patient for the management of grade 3-4 adverse events was markedly lower with bevacizumab plus IFN compared with sunitinib in the United Kingdom (euro1475 vs euro804), Germany (euro1785 vs euro1367), France (euro2590 vs euro1618) and Italy (euro891 vs euro402)."	( Costs of managing adverse events in the treatment of first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma: bevacizumab in combination with interferon-alpha2a compared with sunitinib. Escudier, B; Gore, M; Mickisch, G; Nuijten, M; Procopio, G; Walzer, S, 2010)	0.36
"The costs of managing adverse events are lower for bevacizumab plus IFN than for sunitinib."	( Costs of managing adverse events in the treatment of first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma: bevacizumab in combination with interferon-alpha2a compared with sunitinib. Escudier, B; Gore, M; Mickisch, G; Nuijten, M; Procopio, G; Walzer, S, 2010)	0.36
" This article presents a case study to illustrate side-effect management strategies for patients receiving MKIs for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma."	( Management of vascular endothelial growth factor and multikinase inhibitor side effects. Wood, LS, 2009)	0.35
" Thirty-five percent of patients on PCB + S required S dose reduction, 52% required S treatment interruption, and 59% discontinued S because of adverse events, most frequently hematologic events (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia) and fatigue."	( Safety and efficacy of combining sunitinib with bevacizumab + paclitaxel/carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Kolb, MM; Kozloff, MF; Samant, M; Scappaticci, FA; Socinski, MA, 2010)	0.36
" There were no drug-related serious adverse events."	( A multicenter study in Malaysia to determine the efficacy and safety of a generic atorvastatin. Leekha, S; Lena, YL; Ong, LM; Punithavathi, N, 2009)	0.35
"Mean percentage changes in lipid parameters, percentages of patients achieving optimal serum lipid/apolipoprotein levels, and incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of fenofibric acid co-administered with low- or moderate-dose statin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a pooled subgroup analysis from three randomized, controlled, double-blind trials. Cusi, K; Davidson, MH; Jones, PH; Kelly, MT; Setze, CM; Sleep, DJ; Stolzenbach, JC; Thakker, K, 2010)	0.36
" Incidence of adverse events was generally similar among treatments."	( Efficacy and safety of fenofibric acid co-administered with low- or moderate-dose statin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a pooled subgroup analysis from three randomized, controlled, double-blind trials. Cusi, K; Davidson, MH; Jones, PH; Kelly, MT; Setze, CM; Sleep, DJ; Stolzenbach, JC; Thakker, K, 2010)	0.36
" Pitavastatin 1 mg once daily may be an alternative regimen with cost-saving benefits but without a significant decrease in therapeutic benefit or increase in adverse events in patients with hypercholesterolemia."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of low-dose pitavastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Dhumma-Upakorn, R; Putwai, P; Sansanayudh, N; Wongwiwatthananukit, S, 2010)	0.36
" Most importantly, Zhibitai is safe to use."	( Evaluation of the lipid lowering ability, anti-inflammatory effects and clinical safety of intensive therapy with Zhibitai, a Chinese traditional medicine. Chen, C; Huang, QY; Liu, L; Shu, J; Wasti, B; Xu, DY; Zhao, SP, 2010)	0.36
" Clinicians have changed their practice and are faced with a number of new adverse events."	( [Management of side effects associated with antiangiogenic treatment in renal cell carcinoma]. Boyle, H; Fléchon, A; Négrier, S, 2010)	0.36
" The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (81%) and stomatitis (60%)."	( The efficacy and safety of sunitinib in korean patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: high incidence of toxicity leads to frequent dose reduction. Ahn, H; Ahn, JH; Hong, B; Hong, JH; Kim, CS; Kim, JE; Lee, DH; Lee, JL; Lee, JS; Na, S; Song, C; Yoo, C, 2010)	0.36
"The efficacy was similar to a previous Phase III trial and a safety profile of sunitinib was manageable in Korean patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, although the incidence of dose reduction and Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were higher than those of western reports."	( The efficacy and safety of sunitinib in korean patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: high incidence of toxicity leads to frequent dose reduction. Ahn, H; Ahn, JH; Hong, B; Hong, JH; Kim, CS; Kim, JE; Lee, DH; Lee, JL; Lee, JS; Na, S; Song, C; Yoo, C, 2010)	0.36
" Given this prolonged period of exposure to sunitinib, adverse events tend to reoccur and can possibly decrease the quality of life in our patients."	( Management of sunitinib-related adverse events: an evidence- and expert-based consensus approach. Grünwald, V; Kalanovic, D; Merseburger, AS, 2010)	0.36
" Strict monitoring of treatment-related adverse effects must be conducted in order to allow the early detection of cardiovascular toxicities and their prompt medication."	( Cardiovascular safety of VEGF-targeting therapies: current evidence and handling strategies. Brandes, AA; Franceschi, E; Girardi, F, 2010)	0.36
" We retrieved data from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, post-marketing studies, reports to regulatory bodies and case reports of rare adverse events."	( Atorvastatin: safety and tolerability. Athyros, VG; Karagiannis, A; Mikhailidis, DP; Tziomalos, K, 2010)	0.36
"The reader will gain insight into the incidence, severity, prevention and management of the major adverse effects of atorvastatin (i."	( Atorvastatin: safety and tolerability. Athyros, VG; Karagiannis, A; Mikhailidis, DP; Tziomalos, K, 2010)	0.36
" New agents such as tyrosine kinases inhibitors have been introduced recently for therapy of metastatic thyroid cancer but they have toxic side effects as well as therapeutic benefits."	( Hematologic toxicity in patients treated with sunitinib for advanced thyroid cancer. Gkountouvas, A; Kaldrimidis, P; Kostoglou-Athanassiou, I; Repousis, P; Veniou, E; Ziras, N, 2010)	0.36
" Simvastatin was more toxic than atorvastatin and the lactone form more toxic than the acid form."	( Cytotoxicity of atorvastatin and simvastatin on primary rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Asberg, A; Ellesat, KS; Hylland, K; Thomas, KV; Tollefsen, KE, 2010)	0.36
" This is the first case report of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as an adverse effect of sunitinib in metastatic papillary RCC."	( Metastatic renal cell carcinoma complicated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a rare adverse effect of sunitinib. Ghenev, P; Izumi, K; Kitagawa, S; Mouri, H; Ohtsubo, K; Takeuchi, S; Yamada, T; Yamashita, K; Yano, S; Yasumoto, K, 2010)	0.36
" Most importantly, it is safe to use Zhibitai clinically."	( [A comparative study of the efficacy and safety Zhibitai and atorvastatin]. Huang, QY; Liu, L; Shu, J; Xu, DY; Zhao, SP, 2010)	0.36
" In the present study, the effect of sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the antitumor activity as well as the nephrotoxic side effect of cisplatin was examined."	( Sunitinib improves chemotherapeutic efficacy and ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. Suddek, GM, 2011)	0.37
" The most common adverse events were rash and diarrhoea."	( Safety and efficacy of the combination of erlotinib and sirolimus for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma after failure of sunitinib or sorafenib. Breaker, K; Costa, LJ; Crighton, F; Drabkin, H; Flaig, TW; Gustafson, DL; Kim, FJ; Schultz, MK, 2010)	0.36
" Here, we studied the early kinetics of adverse events after sunitinib, and explored their association with circulating proteins and clinical outcome in advanced HCC in a single-arm phase II study."	( Exploratory analysis of early toxicity of sunitinib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients: kinetics and potential biomarker value. Ancukiewicz, M; Clark, JW; di Tomaso, E; Duda, DG; Fuchs, CS; Jain, RK; Miksad, R; Ryan, DP; Zhu, AX, 2011)	0.37
"The adverse effects of sunitinib, particularly on the hematopoietic system, may be rapid and appear directly related to its activity in HCC."	( Exploratory analysis of early toxicity of sunitinib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients: kinetics and potential biomarker value. Ancukiewicz, M; Clark, JW; di Tomaso, E; Duda, DG; Fuchs, CS; Jain, RK; Miksad, R; Ryan, DP; Zhu, AX, 2011)	0.37
" The common adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, liver dysfunction, fatigue, anorexia and hypertension."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of sunitinib after imatinib failure in Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Hara, K; Hijioka, S; Kawai, H; Kondo, S; Matsumoto, K; Mizuno, N; Niwa, Y; Sawaki, A; Tajika, M; Yamao, K, 2011)	0.37
" Overall, adverse events were similar in the 2 treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of fenofibric acid in combination with atorvastatin and ezetimibe in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Goldberg, AC; Jones, PH; Kelly, MT; Knapp, HR; Setze, CM; Sleep, DJ; Stolzenbach, JC, 2010)	0.36
" Hypertension is emerging as one of the most common adverse effects of therapy with angiogenesis inhibitors."	( Molecular basis of hypertension side effects induced by sunitinib. Afonso-Afonso, FJ; Antón-Aparicio, LM; Aparicio-Gallego, G; Campos-Balea, B; Fernández-Calvo, O; Fírvida-Pérez, JL; Lázaro-Quintela, M; León-Mateos, L; Ramos-Vázquez, M; Vázquez-Estévez, S, 2011)	0.37
" It is concluded that MEGX test widens opportunities for personalization and safe pharmacotherapy."	( [Individual pharmacotherapy safety in the assessment of cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzyme activity]. Kukes, IV; Paukov, SV; Ruvinov, IuV; Sivkov, AS, 2010)	0.36
" Because of phagocytosis, PPy treatment had more adverse effects on the J774A."	( Cytotoxicity of, and innate immune response to, size-controlled polypyrrole nanoparticles in mammalian cells. Cho, BR; Hahn, JS; Hong, JY; Jang, J; Jeong, YS; Kim, S; Oh, WK, 2011)	0.37
" Baseline characteristics, adverse event data, response and progression-free survival were recorded."	( Efficacy and toxicity of sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with severe renal impairment or on haemodialysis. Choueiri, TK; Chowdhury, P; Chowdhury, S; Cowey, CL; Gore, ME; Harper, PG; Hutson, TE; Josephs, D; Karapetis, C; Larkin, JM; McDermott, DF; Pickering, LM; Powles, T; Van Hemelrijck, M, 2011)	0.37
" The most common treatment-related adverse events included fatigue, diarrhoea, hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), nausea and vomiting and rash."	( Efficacy and toxicity of sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with severe renal impairment or on haemodialysis. Choueiri, TK; Chowdhury, P; Chowdhury, S; Cowey, CL; Gore, ME; Harper, PG; Hutson, TE; Josephs, D; Karapetis, C; Larkin, JM; McDermott, DF; Pickering, LM; Powles, T; Van Hemelrijck, M, 2011)	0.37
" The rapid introduction of novel treatment options into clinical practice within a relatively short time frame has created some new challenges pertaining to adverse event (AE) management in patients with advanced RCC."	( Treatment-associated adverse event management in the advanced renal cell carcinoma patient treated with targeted therapies. Ravaud, A, 2011)	0.37
" We studied the toxic effects of high glucose (50 mmol/L and 83 mmol/L) and its reversal by atorvastatin (0."	( Atorvastatin reduces high glucose toxicity in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. Carrión, B; Ceña, V; Gómez-Roldán, C; Monteagudo, S; Pérez-Carrión, MD; Pérez-Martínez, FC; Pérez-Martínez, J, )	0.13
" These toxic effects could be reversed by atorvastatin."	( Atorvastatin reduces high glucose toxicity in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. Carrión, B; Ceña, V; Gómez-Roldán, C; Monteagudo, S; Pérez-Carrión, MD; Pérez-Martínez, FC; Pérez-Martínez, J, )	0.13
" Data were collected on adverse events (AEs), treatment modifications (discontinuations, interruptions, dose changes), and reasons for these modifications."	( Safety and treatment patterns of multikinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma at a tertiary oncology center in Italy. Canipari, C; Chen, K; Duh, MS; Imarisio, I; Neary, M; Paglino, C; Porta, C, 2011)	0.37
" Rates of adverse events (AEs) and treatment modifications were analyzed; reasons for treatment modifications were examined."	( Safety and treatment patterns of angiogenesis inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: evidence from US community oncology clinics. Duh, MS; Feinberg, BA; Fortner, B; Gilmore, J; Jolly, P; Neary, MP; Scott, J; Wang, ST, 2012)	0.38
" Safety was assessed in terms of adverse event rates, including abnormal clinical laboratory variables related to liver and kidney function and skeletal muscle."	( Randomized head-to-head comparison of pitavastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin for safety and efficacy (quantity and quality of LDL): the PATROL trial. Noda, K; Saku, K; Zhang, B, 2011)	0.37
" The most frequent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (75."	( Sunitinib for Asian patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a comparable efficacy with different toxicity profiles. Ahn, JB; Bang, YJ; Chung, HC; Hong, MH; Jeung, HC; Kim, HS; Kim, K; Koh, Y; Lee, SH; Rha, SY; Shin, SJ, 2011)	0.37
" This review examines the incidence and severity of these adverse events, relevant findings from other agents that inhibit VEGF signaling, the mechanisms underlying these effects, and suggestions for their clinical management."	( Sunitinib, hypertension, and heart failure: a model for kinase inhibitor-mediated cardiotoxicity. Gupta, R; Maitland, ML, 2011)	0.37
" Since many immunosuppressive agents have toxic effects on the function of transplanted islets, we investigated whether this was also the case with AEB."	( AEB071 (sotrastaurin) does not exhibit toxic effects on human islets in vitro, nor after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Davis, J; Edgar, RL; Emamaullee, JA; Kin, T; McCall, M; Merani, S; Pawlick, RL; Shapiro, AM; Toso, C, )	0.13
"While new anticancer angiogenesis inhibitors present a well-tolerated safety profile, they are not without adverse events."	( [Dermatologic side effects induced by new angiogenesis inhibitors]. Chevreau, C; Cottura, E; Garrido-Stowhas, I; Sibaud, V, 2011)	0.37
" The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (75%), stomatitis (51%) and hypertension (50%)."	( Response rates and adverse effects of continuous once-daily sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a single-center study in Turkey. Agaoglu, F; Basaran, M; Bavbek, S; Darendeliler, E; Ekenel, M; Ozcan, F; Sen, F; Tunc, HM; Yildiz, I, 2011)	0.37
" Because there are no validated molecular predictors of response or toxicity to sunitinib, we aimed to identify genetic markers predictive of outcome and toxic effects."	( Single nucleotide polymorphism associations with response and toxic effects in patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with first-line sunitinib: a multicentre, observational, prospective study. Arranz, JA; Bellmunt, J; Castellano, DE; Climent, MA; Esteban, E; Font, A; Gallardo, E; Garcia-Donas, J; González del Alba, A; Leandro-García, LJ; Martínez, E; Mellado, B; Moreno, F; Puente, J; Robledo, M; Rodríguez-Antona, C, 2011)	0.37
" The most common adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (77."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Gong, K; He, ZS; Huang, LH; Jin, J; Li, XS; Shen, C; Song, G; Song, Y; Wang, G; Wu, X; Yu, W; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z; Zhao, PJ; Zhao, Z; Zhou, LQ, 2011)	0.37
"The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy and manageable adverse event profile of sunitinib as a single agent in first- or second-line therapy for patients with metastatic clear cell RCC."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Gong, K; He, ZS; Huang, LH; Jin, J; Li, XS; Shen, C; Song, G; Song, Y; Wang, G; Wu, X; Yu, W; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z; Zhao, PJ; Zhao, Z; Zhou, LQ, 2011)	0.37
" LDL-C target was maintained in 81% and 69% of patients at week 8 and 52 respectively without drug related serious adverse events."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of a generic atorvastatin in usual clinical care setting. Leekha, S; Lena, YL; Mahanim, O; Ong, LM; Punithavathi, N, 2011)	0.37
" However, it is increasingly evident that sunitinib may display collateral effects on other proteins beyond its main target receptors, eliciting undesirable and unexpected adverse events."	( New insights into molecular mechanisms of sunitinib-associated side effects. Antón-Aparicio, L; Aparicio-Gallego, G; Blanco, M; Figueroa, A; García-Campelo, R; Grande-Pulido, E; Valladares-Ayerbes, M, 2011)	0.37
" This has raised challenges in the management of adverse events (AEs) associated with the six targeted agents approved in RCC-sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, bevacizumab (in combination with interferon alpha), temsirolimus, and everolimus."	( Targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma: review of adverse event management strategies. Eisen, T; Escudier, B; Izzedine, H; Mulders, P; Pyle, L; Robert, C; Sternberg, CN; Zbinden, S, 2012)	0.38
" As concurrent use may be warranted for a given individual and the adverse event (AE) profile for each can be overlapping (gastrointestinal), a phase I trial was performed in tumour-bearing (non-mast cell) dogs to establish the safety of the combination using a standard 3+3 cohort design."	( Safety evaluation of combination toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) and piroxicam in tumour-bearing dogs (excluding mast cell tumours): a phase I dose-finding study. Chon, E; Kubicek, LN; McCartan, L; Vail, DM, 2012)	0.38
" Their baseline characteristics, radiologic response, adverse events, and survival status were assessed."	( Efficacy and safety of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and poor risk features. Ahn, H; Ahn, JH; Ahn, S; Ahn, Y; Hong, JH; Kim, CS; Kim, TW; Lee, JL; Park, I; Park, K; Park, S; Song, C, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse experiences (AEs) typically associated with niacin (flushing, pruritus, increased glucose, increased uric acid) were more common with ERN/LRPT+SIMVA, and hepatic-related laboratory AEs were more common with ATORVA."	( Lipid-altering efficacy and safety profile of co-administered extended release niacin/laropiprant and simvastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. Blomqvist, P; Chen, E; Chen, F; Davidson, M; Maccubbin, D; McKenney, JM; Sirah, W; Sisk, CM; Yan, L, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse events included fatigue as well as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and abdominal symptoms, hematologic and hepatic laboratory abnormalities."	( A phase II trial (AGO 2.11) in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: a randomized multicenter trial with sunitinib (SU11248) to evaluate dosage, schedule, tolerability, toxicity and effectiveness of a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor monother Bauerschlag, D; Baumann, KH; Canzler, U; Dewitz, T; du Bois, A; Hanker, LC; Hasenburg, A; Hillemanns, P; Hilpert, F; Kurzeder, C; Meier, W; Rau, J; Richter, B; Sehouli, J; Wagner, U; Wimberger, P; Wollschlaeger, K, 2012)	0.38
" The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the clinical and radiological findings of focal myositis as a side effect of statins and fibrates in 2 patients with forearm involvement."	( [Focal myositis as a side effect of antilipidemics - 2 patients with involvement of the forearm]. Hohendorff, B; Mühldorfer-Fodor, M; Prommersberger, KJ; Schmitt, R; Wagner, M, 2012)	0.38
"Although the risk/benefit ratio is favourable for sunitinib, all health care professionals must be aware of the risk of such adverse events."	( Cutaneous side effects associated with sunitinib: an analysis of 8 cases. Barbault-Foucher, S; Le Beller, C; Martin, C; Mateus, C; Rieutord, A; Vignand-Courtin, C, 2012)	0.38
" One patient on SAR236553 experienced a serious adverse event of leukocytoclastic vasculitis."	( Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy. Ferrand, AC; Hanotin, C; Kereiakes, DJ; Koren, MJ; McKenney, JM; Stein, EA, 2012)	0.38
" While sunitinib is generally well tolerated with most adverse events, manifesting as mild to moderate in severity and manageability, it has a distinctive adverse event profile that benefits from careful monitoring during treatment."	( Management of sunitinib adverse events in renal cell carcinoma patients: the Asian experience. Zhou, A, 2012)	0.38
" Sunitinib therapy was well tolerated, with most adverse events rated as grade 1 or 2 in severity."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in Chinese patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gao, J; Hong, J; Li, J; Shen, L, 2012)	0.38
"5 mg/day continuous daily dose sunitinib dosing schedule appears to be the optimal choice for Chinese patients due to a decreased incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in Chinese patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gao, J; Hong, J; Li, J; Shen, L, 2012)	0.38
"A retrospective, registry-based analysis to assess the outcomes of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) patients treated with sunitinib and sorafenib who developed dermatologic adverse events was performed."	( Skin toxicity and efficacy of sunitinib and sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a national registry-based study. Abrahamova, J; Bortlicek, Z; Buchler, T; Dusek, L; Melichar, B; Pavlik, T; Poprach, A; Puzanov, I; Vyzula, R, 2012)	0.38
" Polymorphisms within these genes are increasingly being implicated in disease and may also trigger adverse drug reactions."	( Polymorphisms in the mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor EF-G2mt/MEF2 compromise cell respiratory function and increase atorvastatin toxicity. Andrews, S; Bellon, J; Callegari, S; de Barros Lopes, MA; Gregory, PA; McKinnon, RA; Sykes, MJ, 2012)	0.38
" The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) were infections and infestations: 22·4% (2 mg twice daily), 20·4% (5 mg twice daily), 36·7% (15 mg twice daily) and 32·0% (placebo)."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in the treatment of psoriasis: a Phase 2b randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging study. Buonanno, M; Gupta, P; Harness, JA; Krishnaswami, S; Langley, RG; Menter, A; Papp, KA; Strober, B; Tan, H; Wolk, R, 2012)	0.38
" These adverse events (AEs) can have serious impact, and form a significant barrier to therapy adherence."	( A survey of the FDA's AERS database regarding muscle and tendon adverse events linked to the statin drug class. Dimbil, M; Golomb, BA; Hoffman, KB; Kraus, C, 2012)	0.38
" Single doses up to 40 mg and multiple doses up to 3 mg once-daily were generally safe and well tolerated."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the histamine H3 receptor antagonist, ABT-288, in healthy young adults and elderly volunteers. Dutta, S; Florian, H; Haig, G; Locke, C; Othman, AA; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.39
" More frequent toxic effects were fatigue (80."	( Safety and activity of sunitinib in elderly patients (≥ 70 years) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study. Barile, C; Basso, U; Brunello, A; Camerini, A; De Vivo, R; Falci, C; Maruzzo, M; Roma, A; Sacco, C; Sava, T; Zagonel, V, 2013)	0.39
" These results indicate that muscle cells may be particularly susceptible to a statin-induced suppression of essential antioxidant selenoproteins, which provides an explanation for the disposition of these drugs to evoke adverse muscular side-effects."	( Prooxidative toxicity and selenoprotein suppression by cerivastatin in muscle cells. Fuhrmeister, J; Kromer, A; Moosmann, B; Tews, M, 2012)	0.38
" Drug-related adverse events were reported in 130 (98%) patients assigned regorafenib and 45 (68%) patients assigned placebo."	( Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Badalamenti, G; Bauer, S; Blackstein, M; Blay, JY; Casali, PG; Chung, J; Demetri, GD; Gelderblom, H; Hohenberger, P; Joensuu, H; Kang, YK; Kappeler, C; Kuss, I; Laurent, D; Le Cesne, A; Leahy, M; Maki, RG; Nguyen, BB; Nishida, T; Reichardt, P; Rutkowski, P; Schöffski, P; von Mehren, M; Xu, J, 2013)	0.39
"Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated survival benefit in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); however, significant adverse events (AEs) have been associated with its use."	( Sunitinib adverse events in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Abouelkhair, KM; Bayer, AM; Elmasri, OA; Ibrahim, EM; Kazkaz, GA, 2013)	0.39
" Therefore, the physician needs to understand the modalities to detect and cope with such adverse events to effectively treat the patient."	( [Management of sunitinib-associated adverse events]. Arima, K; Kanda, H; Masui, S; Sugimura, Y; Yamada, Y, 2012)	0.38
" However, its clinical uses are limited due to its dose-dependent adverse effects particularly cardiac and testicular toxicities."	( Protective role of atorvastatin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and testicular toxicity in mice. Jena, GB; Kushwaha, S; Ramanjaneyulu, SV; Trivedi, PP; Vikram, A, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse event (AE) occurrence was similar across treatment groups."	( A randomized phase 2a efficacy and safety trial of the topical Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Bissonnette, R; Bolduc, C; Khan, S; Lamba, M; Lan, S; Papp, K; Ports, WC, 2013)	0.39
" He developed severe diarrhea, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, fever, pneumonia, white cell abnormalities including 30% bands and toxic granulation with Dohle bodies."	( Colchicine toxicity precipitated by interaction with sunitinib. Abodunde, OA; Berrou, M; Desai, R; LevakaVeera, RR; Nweke, N, 2013)	0.39
" Serious adverse events (AEs) occurring in 20/37 patients included neutropenia (n = 5), diarrhea (n = 4), pulmonary embolism (n = 3), and simultaneous dehydration, acute renal failure, and febrile neutropenia (n = 2)."	( A phase I trial to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of intercalated BMS-690514 with paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) in advanced or metastatic solid malignancies. Adjei, AA; Belani, CP; Chow, LQ; Dy, GK; Fortin, C; Gupta, A; Jonker, DI; Laurie, SA; Nicholas, G; Park, JS; Patricia, D; Sbar, EI; Zhang, S, 2013)	0.39
" Hand-foot syndrome was the most common adverse effect (25/48, 52."	( [Efficacy and safety of sunitinib on patients with imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor]. Chen, ZF; Chi, P; Guan, GX; Jiang, WZ; Liu, X; Lu, HS, 2013)	0.39
" The 3 drugs clinically associated with severe cardiac adverse events (crizotinib, sunitinib, nilotinib) all proved to be cardiotoxic in our in vitro tests while the relatively cardiac-safe drug erlotinib showed only minor changes in cardiac cell health."	( Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Bacus, S; Brown, AM; Doherty, KR; Kramer, JW; Moran, DM; Shell, SA; Talbert, DR; Trusk, PB; Wappel, RL, 2013)	0.39
" Hepatotoxicity is one of the serious adverse effects of statins, and the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity is not yet clear."	( Mechanisms of the statins cytotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Abdoli, N; Azarmi, Y; Eghbal, MA; Heidari, R, 2013)	0.39
"To explore the hematologic adverse effects in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib."	( [Hematologic adverse effects in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib]. Dai, B; Hong, YP; Lin, GW; Ma, CG; Qin, XJ; Shen, YJ; Xiao, WJ; Yao, XD; Ye, DW; Zhang, HL; Zhang, SL; Zhu, Y; Zhu, YP, 2013)	0.39
"The incidence of hematologic adverse effects of sunitinib slightly varies with what have been observed in previous studies."	( [Hematologic adverse effects in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib]. Dai, B; Hong, YP; Lin, GW; Ma, CG; Qin, XJ; Shen, YJ; Xiao, WJ; Yao, XD; Ye, DW; Zhang, HL; Zhang, SL; Zhu, Y; Zhu, YP, 2013)	0.39
" Atorvastatin use in very young children with KD is safe but should be closely monitored."	( Atorvastatin safety in Kawasaki disease patients with coronary artery aneurysms. Chahal, N; Manlhiot, C; McCrindle, BW; Niedra, E; Yeung, RS, 2014)	0.4
" Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable adverse events (AEs), or death."	( Evaluation of efficacy and safety of sunitinib regimen in 22 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: at least 12-month follow-up. Gong, K; He, ZS; Huang, LH; Jin, J; Li, XS; Shen, C; Song, G; Song, Y; Yu, W; Zhang, CJ; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z; Zhao, J; Zhao, PJ; Zhao, Z; Zhou, LQ, 2013)	0.39
" ANA was well tolerated, and dose-dependent relationships for adverse events were not observed across treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor anacetrapib in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Kikuchi, M; McCrary Sisk, C; Nakagomi, M; Numaguchi, H; Shirakawa, M; Surks, HK; Tamura, S; Teramoto, T, 2013)	0.39
" Few data evaluated severe buccodental adverse events."	( Buccodental side effects of sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Brunelle, S; Cappiello, M; Gilabert, M; Gravis, G; Provansal, M; Salem, N; Tarpin, C; Thomassin, J; Walz, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Statins reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but their administration is associated with a broad array of potential adverse effects."	( Safety and tolerability of the use of atorvastatin 40 mg in common daily practice in short-term observation in 3,227 patients. Dabrowski, M; Wiliński, J, 2013)	0.39
"6% of all study participants) interrupted atorvastatin therapy due to drug-related adverse effects, which comprised mainly increased liver transaminases (0."	( Safety and tolerability of the use of atorvastatin 40 mg in common daily practice in short-term observation in 3,227 patients. Dabrowski, M; Wiliński, J, 2013)	0.39
"Atorvastatin in daily dose of 40 mg is a safe and well tolerable medication for the treatment for dyslipidemic disorders in patients of different clinic profile and cardiovascular risk groups in common medical practice."	( Safety and tolerability of the use of atorvastatin 40 mg in common daily practice in short-term observation in 3,227 patients. Dabrowski, M; Wiliński, J, 2013)	0.39
" No serious adverse events were reported."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of saroglitazar (ZYH1), a predominantly PPARα agonist with moderate PPARγ agonist activity in healthy human subjects. Jain, MR; Jani, RH; Kansagra, K; Patel, H, 2013)	0.39
" Saroglitazar was found to be safe and well tolerated in this study."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of saroglitazar (ZYH1), a predominantly PPARα agonist with moderate PPARγ agonist activity in healthy human subjects. Jain, MR; Jani, RH; Kansagra, K; Patel, H, 2013)	0.39
" Reports of adverse experiences were generally similar among groups."	( Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added to atorvastatin versus atorvastatin uptitration or switching to rosuvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Averna, M; Bays, HE; Brudi, P; De Pellegrin, A; Farnier, M; Giezek, H; Lee, R; Lowe, RS; Majul, C; Muller-Wieland, D; Triscari, J, 2013)	0.39
" Preliminary data suggests that lower doses of toeceranib may be associated with a reduced adverse event profile while maintaining sufficient drug exposure to provide biologic activity."	( Evaluation of the adverse event profile and pharmacodynamics of toceranib phosphate administered to dogs with solid tumors at doses below the maximum tolerated dose. Bernabe, LF; Kisseberth, WC; London, CA; Nguyen, S; Pennell, M; Portela, R; Yancey, MF, 2013)	0.39
" Response to therapy was assessed using standard RECIST criteria and adverse events were characterized using the VCOG-CTCAE."	( Evaluation of the adverse event profile and pharmacodynamics of toceranib phosphate administered to dogs with solid tumors at doses below the maximum tolerated dose. Bernabe, LF; Kisseberth, WC; London, CA; Nguyen, S; Pennell, M; Portela, R; Yancey, MF, 2013)	0.39
"9 mg/kg every other day provide drug exposure considered sufficient for target inhibition while resulting in an adverse event profile substantially reduced from that associated with the label dose of toceranib."	( Evaluation of the adverse event profile and pharmacodynamics of toceranib phosphate administered to dogs with solid tumors at doses below the maximum tolerated dose. Bernabe, LF; Kisseberth, WC; London, CA; Nguyen, S; Pennell, M; Portela, R; Yancey, MF, 2013)	0.39
" Common adverse events (AEs) included hand-foot syndrome (53."	( The evaluation of efficacy and safety of sunitinib on EGFR-TKI pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in China. Han, BH; Huang, JQ; Jiang, LY; Li, SQ; Liu, YR; Yao, YH; Zhang, JL; Zhang, W; Zhao, YZ; Zhu, W, 2014)	0.4
" Saroglitazar was found to be safe and well tolerated by patients."	( A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Saroglitazar 2 and 4 mg compared with placebo in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having hypertriglyceridemia not controlled with atorvastatin therapy (PRES Bhansali, A; Jani, RH; Jariwala, G; Jha, P; Joshi, S; Mukhopadhyay, S; Pai, V, 2014)	0.4
"Saroglitazar appeared to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for improving hypertriglyceridemia in patients with T2DM."	( A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Saroglitazar 2 and 4 mg compared with placebo in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having hypertriglyceridemia not controlled with atorvastatin therapy (PRES Bhansali, A; Jani, RH; Jariwala, G; Jha, P; Joshi, S; Mukhopadhyay, S; Pai, V, 2014)	0.4
" Outcomes of interest include 20% and 50% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology Scale (ACR20 and ACR50) response rates, rates of infection, the number of immunological/haematological adverse events (AEs), deranged laboratory results (hepatic, renal, haematological tests and lipoprotein level) and the incidence of drug withdrawal."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chan, EW; Chui, CS; He, Y; Lau, WC; Man, KK; Wong, AY; Wong, IC; Worsley, AJ, 2013)	0.39
"Patients with progressive renal cell carcinoma who undergo sunitinib treatment, experience many adverse events (AEs), including thrombopenia and hypertension."	( Management of adverse events in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib and clinical outcomes. Arakawa-Todo, M; Hasegawa, T; Kajikawa, K; Kato, Y; Kobayashi, I; Matsuura, K; Nakamura, K; Nishikawa, G; Saito, H; Sumitomo, M; Tsukiyama, I; Yamada, Y; Yoshizawa, T; Zennami, K, 2013)	0.39
"The NR1I3 rs2307424 genotype distribution was different between subjects with and without adverse drug reactions."	( Influence of PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 and NR1I3 gene polymorphisms on the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Almeida, S; Bruxel, EM; Ferreira, ME; Fiegenbaum, M; Hutz, MH; Lima, LO; Pires, RC; Van der Sand, CR; Van der Sand, LC, 2013)	0.39
" Data were collected on all adverse events (AEs) and treatment modifications, including discontinuation, interruption and dose reduction."	( Angiogenesis inhibitor therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma: toxicity and treatment patterns in clinical practice from a global medical chart review. Ahn, JH; Bellmunt, J; Castellano, D; Chang, YH; Chiang, PH; Chuang, CK; Diaz, JR; Donnellan, P; Duh, MS; Elaidi, R; Feinberg, BA; Hawkins, R; Huang, CY; Korves, C; Levy, A; McCaffrey, J; McDermott, D; McDermott, R; Mehmud, F; Nathan, P; Neary, MP; Oh, WK; Ou, YC; Porta, C; Rha, SY; Scott, J; Scotte, F; Sun, JM; Wagstaff, J, 2014)	0.4
" Common non-haematologic adverse events (AEs) were stomatitis, rash, general oedema and fatigue."	( Efficacy and toxicity of sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with renal insufficiency. Bae, WK; Kim, HR; Kim, HY; Kim, KH; Lee, HJ; Lee, S; Lim, HY; Rha, SY; Sun, JM, 2014)	0.4
" Some treatment-emergent adverse events were significantly less common in younger vs older patients, including fatigue (60% vs 69%), cough (20% vs 29%), peripheral edema (17% vs 27%), anemia (18% vs 25%), decreased appetite (13% vs 29%), and thrombocytopenia (16% vs 25%; all P<0."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Barrios, CH; Bukowski, RM; Escudier, B; Figlin, RA; Fly, K; Gore, ME; Hutson, TE; Larkin, JM; Lin, X; Martell, B; Matczak, E; Motzer, RJ; Rini, BI, 2014)	0.4
"To assess the effects of tofacitinib on T lymphocytes in RA patients with a special focus on efficacy and infectious adverse events (iAEs)."	( Effects of tofacitinib on lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: relation to efficacy and infectious adverse events. Fukuyo, S; Hirata, S; Kubo, S; Maeshima, K; Saito, K; Sonomoto, K; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, Y; Yamaoka, K, 2014)	0.4
" Overall, study medication was tolerated; however, an increased incidence of psychosis-related and sleep-related adverse events was associated with ABT-288."	( A randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of the H3 antagonist ABT-288 in cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Bain, E; Baker, J; Haig, GM; Lenz, RA; Othman, AA; Robieson, W, 2014)	0.4
" Mean percentage change from baseline in triglycerides (TGLs), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and TC-HDL ratio, incidence of adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness were compared in both the groups."	( Efficacy and safety of alternate day therapy with atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination in mixed dyslipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. David, DC; Haribalaji, N; Harivenkatesh, N; Sudhakar, MK, 2014)	0.4
" Incidence of adverse events was reasonably less in alternate day therapy group."	( Efficacy and safety of alternate day therapy with atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination in mixed dyslipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. David, DC; Haribalaji, N; Harivenkatesh, N; Sudhakar, MK, 2014)	0.4
"Alternate day therapy with atorvastatin-fenofibrate combination is an effective and safe alternative to daily therapy in mixed dyslipidemia."	( Efficacy and safety of alternate day therapy with atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination in mixed dyslipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. David, DC; Haribalaji, N; Harivenkatesh, N; Sudhakar, MK, 2014)	0.4
" The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C were assessed before and after 6 and 12 weeks treatment, side effects and adverse events were recorded."	( [The lipid-regulating effect and safety of combined statin and bezafibrate therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients complicating with dyslipidemia]. Gong, HR; Huang, WY; Li, XP; Zhao, SP, 2013)	0.39
"The combined statin and bezafibrate treatment is safe and could increase the ratios of reaching target lipid levels in ACS patients complicating with increased TG and (or) decreased HDL-C."	( [The lipid-regulating effect and safety of combined statin and bezafibrate therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients complicating with dyslipidemia]. Gong, HR; Huang, WY; Li, XP; Zhao, SP, 2013)	0.39
" The renal adverse effects (RAEs) of sunitinib have not been investigated."	( Renal adverse effects of sunitinib and its clinical significance: a single-center experience in Korea. Baek, SH; Han, JS; Joo, KW; Kim, DK; Kim, H; Kim, TM; Kim, YS; Lee, J; Lee, SH; Oh, KH, 2014)	0.4
" The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, asthenia and fatigue."	( Sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an ethnic Asian subpopulation analysis for safety and efficacy. Bang, YJ; Chang, JW; Chung, HC; Kwong, P; Lee, SH; Li, RK; Mainwaring, P; Ng, C; Pitman Lowenthal, S; Sriuranpong, V; Toh, CK; Yuan, J, 2014)	0.4
" Geographic differences in the reported frequency of specific adverse events were noted across Asian patients."	( Sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an ethnic Asian subpopulation analysis for safety and efficacy. Bang, YJ; Chang, JW; Chung, HC; Kwong, P; Lee, SH; Li, RK; Mainwaring, P; Ng, C; Pitman Lowenthal, S; Sriuranpong, V; Toh, CK; Yuan, J, 2014)	0.4
" The majority of adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate in severity."	( Sunitinib in combination with trastuzumab for the treatment of advanced breast cancer: activity and safety results from a phase II study. Bachelot, T; Blay, JY; Cesari, R; Garcia-Saenz, JA; Gutierrez, M; Huang, X; Kern, KA; Khosravan, R; Kozloff, MF; Lluch, A; Pivot, X; Prady, C; Tassell, V; Verma, S; Wang, Z, 2014)	0.4
" While these drugs were thought initially to be less toxic than traditional chemotherapy, they can have rare but serious and fatal toxicities."	( Aerodigestive fistula formation as a rare side effect of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for thyroid cancer. Baik, C; Balachandran, D; Blevins, DP; Cabanillas, ME; Dadu, R; Gunn, B; Hu, M; Ross, W, 2014)	0.4
"Fistula formation is a known but rare side effect of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors."	( Aerodigestive fistula formation as a rare side effect of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for thyroid cancer. Baik, C; Balachandran, D; Blevins, DP; Cabanillas, ME; Dadu, R; Gunn, B; Hu, M; Ross, W, 2014)	0.4
" Primary endpoints were adverse events (AE) and laboratory safety data."	( Safety and efficacy of tofacitinib, an oral janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in open-label, longterm extension studies. Benda, B; Curtis, JR; Gruben, D; Komuro, Y; Lee, EB; Nakamura, H; Nduaka, CI; Riese, RJ; Silverfield, J; Soma, K; Wang, L; Wollenhaupt, J; Wood, SP; Zwillich, SH, 2014)	0.4
" The proportion of patients experiencing any adverse event was similar among the three treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of intensive statin therapy in Chinese patients with atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: a single-center, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study with one-year follow-up. Cao, Z; Feng, Y; Gao, P; Lu, Z; Wang, P; Wang, S; Zhang, G; Zhou, P, 2014)	0.4
"In conclusion, long-term use of IAT appears to be a safe and effective treatment at least for Chinese patients with AICAS."	( Efficacy and safety of intensive statin therapy in Chinese patients with atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: a single-center, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study with one-year follow-up. Cao, Z; Feng, Y; Gao, P; Lu, Z; Wang, P; Wang, S; Zhang, G; Zhou, P, 2014)	0.4
"As new antiangiogenic therapies have been introduced and added to the therapeutic arsenal against various types of cancer, previously unknown adverse effects have been detected."	( Antiangiogenic agents and the skin: cutaneous adverse effects of sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab. Ara, M; Pastushenko, E, 2014)	0.4
" Evacetrapib monotherapy or in combination with atorvastatin was not likely to be associated with any significant change in blood pressure and did not have any adverse effects on mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid measures."	( Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with atorvastatin in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Krueger, KA; Morisaki, Y; Ruotolo, G; Takeuchi, M; Teramoto, T, 2014)	0.4
" We evaluated the risk of renal-associated serious adverse events (SAEs) using statins versus placebo trials and the high-dose versus low-dose statin trials that were available to us."	( Statin and the risk of renal-related serious adverse events: Analysis from the IDEAL, TNT, CARDS, ASPEN, SPARCL, and other placebo-controlled trials. Bangalore, S; DeMicco, DA; Fayyad, R; Hovingh, GK; Laskey, R; Vogt, L; Waters, DD, 2014)	0.4
" The common adverse events related to sunitinib corresponding to ≥grade 3 were thrombocytopenia in 59, leukopenia in 23, fatigue in 22, hand-foot syndrome in 15 and hypertension in 12."	( Assessment of efficacy, safety and quality of life of 110 patients treated with sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: experience in real-world clinical practice in Japan. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Miyake, H; Miyazaki, A, 2014)	0.4
" The common adverse drug reactions were a decrease in hemoglobin levels, hypoalbuminemia, and anorexia, which were mild in severity (grades 1-2)."	( Phase I study on the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and efficacy of the combination of TSU-68, an oral antiangiogenic agent, and S-1 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Arioka, H; Asaoka, Y; Ikeda, M; Koike, K; Kojima, Y; Kondo, S; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Nakachi, K; Okusaka, T; Sakamoto, Y; Shiina, S; Shimizu, S; Tateishi, R; Ueno, H, 2014)	0.4
"5%) patients, while grade 3 or higher adverse events were found in 4 (16."	( [The safety and efficacy of sunitinib using a modified regimen (2 weeks on/1 week off) for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma]. Go, S; Hanasaki, T; Hashimoto, T; Higuchi, Y; Ito, N; Kanamaru, S; Kanematsu, A; Kawakita, M; Kono, Y; Makino, Y; Matsumoto, K; Nagasawa, S; Nakanishi, Y; Nojima, M; Shimatani, K; Shimizu, Y; Shiraishi, Y; Suzuki, T; Taoka, R; Togo, Y; Tsuchihashi, K; Utsunomiya, N; Yamamoto, S; Yo, T, 2014)	0.4
" However, the primary adverse effect limiting their use is myopathy."	( Red yeast rice and coenzyme Q10 as safe alternatives to surmount atorvastatin-induced myopathy in hyperlipidemic rats. Abdelbaset, M; Agha, AM; Mahmoud, SS; Negm, SA; Safar, MM, 2014)	0.4
"Hand-foot skin reaction is a most common multi-kinase inhibitor-related adverse event."	( Association of toxicity of sorafenib and sunitinib for human keratinocytes with inhibition of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Bito, T; Hirai, M; Hirano, T; Kume, M; Makimoto, H; Mizumoto, A; Mukai, A; Nakagawa, T; Nishigori, C; Nishimura, K; Uda, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamashita, K, 2014)	0.4
" Most frequent grade 1 and 2 adverse events were fatigue, mucositis, hand-and-foot syndrome, hyporexia, rash, hypertension, and edema."	( Activity and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma in clinical practice. Alonso, T; Díez, JJ; Grande, E; Iglesias, P, 2015)	0.42
"Angiogenesis inhibitors have become standard of care for advanced and/or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but data on the impact of adverse events (AEs) and treatment modifications associated with these agents are limited."	( Impact of adverse events, treatment modifications, and dose intensity on survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line sunitinib: a medical chart review across ten centers in five European countries. Bellmunt, J; Castellano, D; Diaz, J; Donnellan, P; Duh, MS; Hawkins, R; Levy, A; McCaffrey, J; McDermott, R; Mehmud, F; Nathan, P; Neary, MP; Porta, C; Vekeman, F; Wagstaff, J, 2014)	0.4
"These data support in vivo studies investigating the potential clinical use of HDAC4 inhibitors in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of gastric cancer, lowering treatment doses of docetaxel to reduce the burden of adverse side effects on patients."	( Inhibition of histone deacetylase 4 increases cytotoxicity of docetaxel in gastric cancer cells. Aiello, E; Colarossi, C; Colarossi, L; Espina, V; Iuppa, A; Liotta, L; Memeo, L; Mueller, C, 2014)	0.4
" In a cell-based model, sunitinib reduced CDK5 phosphorylation (pCDK5), calpain-dependent p35/p25 conversion and protected neuronal cells from the toxic effects of gp120."	( Neuroprotective effects of the anti-cancer drug sunitinib in models of HIV neurotoxicity suggests potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Crews, LA; Gonzales, T; Kouznetsova, VL; Masliah, E; Overk, CR; Patrick, C; Paulino, A; Price, D; Rockenstein, E; Stocking, E; Tsigelny, IF; Wrasidlo, W, 2014)	0.4
" Taken together, our findings suggest that at the studied conditions NAC protects against 2,5-HD neurotoxicity and DMPN may be proposed as a new sensitive and specific biomarker of 2,5-HD neurotoxicity in animals treated with a toxic amount of 2,5-hexanedione."	( Role of N-acetylcysteine in protecting against 2,5-hexanedione neurotoxicity in a rat model: changes in urinary pyrroles levels and motor activity performance. Andrade, V; Batoréu, MC; dos Santos, AP; Gonçalves, LL; Mateus, ML; Torres, ME, 2014)	0.61
" Common adverse events (AEs) were also studied."	( Efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, Y; Hong, S; Luo, S; Tan, M; Wang, S; Zhang, L, 2015)	0.42
" Because hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia developed at different time points of treatment and among different patients, our results failed to demonstrate a correlation between these adverse events."	( Hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism among metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients taking sunitinib malate. Related or unrelated adverse events? Baldazzi, V; Carini, M; Lapini, A; Mazzanti, R; Tassi, R, 2015)	0.42
" The mechanism of this side effect is still unclear."	( Hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism among metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients taking sunitinib malate. Related or unrelated adverse events? Baldazzi, V; Carini, M; Lapini, A; Mazzanti, R; Tassi, R, 2015)	0.42
"Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is associated with cutaneous adverse effects that increase patient morbidity."	( Tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have distinct cutaneous toxicity profiles: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Cowen, EW; Massey, PR; Okman, JS; Wilkerson, J, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events were abstracted, with results presented in both fixed and random effects models."	( Tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have distinct cutaneous toxicity profiles: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Cowen, EW; Massey, PR; Okman, JS; Wilkerson, J, 2015)	0.42
" Six tofacitinib patients experienced treatment-related serious adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib as monotherapy in Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a 12-week, randomized, phase 2 study. Nakamura, H; Takeuchi, T; Tanaka, Y; Toyoizumi, S; Yamanaka, H; Zwillich, S, 2015)	0.42
" Intolerance was defined as inability to take at least 2 different statins because of muscle-related adverse events (AEs), 1 at the lowest approved starting dose."	( Efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, in statin-intolerant patients: design and rationale of ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE, a randomized phase 3 trial. Baccara-Dinet, MT; Bruckert, E; Gipe, D; Guyton, JR; Jacobson, TA; Moriarty, PM; Thompson, PD, )	0.13
" Haematological adverse events: leukopenia (25%) - occurred in one patient after three lines and in one patient after two lines; anaemia (25%) - in one patient after three lines and in one patient after one therapeutic line."	( Assessment of the safety and efficiency of sunitinib malate in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas (NEN G1/G2) depending on the number and type of earlier therapeutic lines - initial report. Boratyn-Nowicka, A; Ćwikła, JB; Jarząb, B; Kos-Kudła, B; Michalik, B; Nawrocki, S; Piątek, M; Rogowski, W; Szabłowska-Siwik, S; Wachuła, E; Zemczak, A, 2014)	0.4
" 514 patients (99%) discontinued treatment; reasons included death (17%), nonresponse (46%), or adverse events (AEs; 13%)."	( Safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients from Italy with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: final results from an expanded-access trial. Basso, U; Bonetti, A; Bracarda, S; Calabrò, F; Capaccetti, B; Cartenì, G; Ciuffreda, L; Fea, E; Ferrari, V; Fly, K; Gasparini, G; Gasparro, D; Hariharan, S; Labianca, R; Lo Re, G; Masini, C; Porta, C; Ruggeri, EM; Sternberg, CN; Tassinari, D; Zhang, K, 2015)	0.42
"1 and adverse events (AEs) were assessed through standard criteria."	( Activity and safety of sunitinib in poor risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. Barroso-Sousa, R; Coelho, CR; Dzik, C; Fede, AB; Fonseca, LG; Linck, RD; Mak, MP; Moniz, CM; Munhoz, RR; Souza, CE, )	0.13
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on lipid lowering, cardiovascular (CV) events, and adverse events in women compared with men in 6 clinical trials."	( Impact of female sex on lipid lowering, clinical outcomes, and adverse effects in atorvastatin trials. Betteridge, J; Bittner, VA; Fayyad, R; Hsue, PY; Laskey, R; Waters, DD; Wenger, NK, 2015)	0.42
" The most common treatment-related grade 3 and 4 adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (11%), fatigue (9%), neutropenia (8%), hypertension (7%), and thrombocytopenia (6%)."	( Clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: safety and efficacy in a worldwide treatment-use trial of sunitinib. Biasco, G; Chen, L; Demetri, GD; Fly, K; Fumagalli, E; Gelderblom, H; Hurwitz, HI; Kaiser, PE; Kang, YK; Lechuga, MJ; Matczak, E; Reichardt, P; Rosen, LS; Rutkowski, P; Schuette, J; Seddon, B; Williams, CC; Yalcin, S, 2015)	0.42
" The frequency of adverse events was similar at all dose levels and there were no serious adverse events."	( Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of TAK-438 (vonoprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Ashida, K; Hibberd, M; Jenkins, H; Jenkins, R; Nishimura, A; Ogama, Y; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Warrington, S; Yoneyama, T, 2015)	0.42
"TAK-438 in multiple rising oral dose levels of 10-40 mg once daily for 7 days was safe and well tolerated in healthy men and caused rapid, profound and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion throughout each 24-h dosing interval."	( Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of TAK-438 (vonoprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Ashida, K; Hibberd, M; Jenkins, H; Jenkins, R; Nishimura, A; Ogama, Y; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Warrington, S; Yoneyama, T, 2015)	0.42
" The most commonly reported non hematological grade 3 adverse events included mucositis (15."	( Efficacy and toxicity of sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients in Egypt. Abdelmalek, RR; Edesa, WA, 2015)	0.42
" However, sunitinib adverse events were manageable and tolerable in most of our Egyptian patients."	( Efficacy and toxicity of sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients in Egypt. Abdelmalek, RR; Edesa, WA, 2015)	0.42
"Treatment with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved survival in many cancers, yet has been associated with an increased risk of adverse events."	( Cardiovascular toxicity of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: a population-based observational study. Amir, E; Ethier, JL; Krzyzanowska, MK; Ocana, A; Seruga, B; Srikanthan, A, 2015)	0.42
" No serious adverse events, alteration in liver or renal enzymes and edema or weight gain were reported."	( Observational study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of saroglitazar in Indian diabetic dyslipidemia patients. Jaiswal, AD; Kumar, S; Mathur, RP; Sharma, KH; Shetty, SR, )	0.13
" Toxic effects of As(V) on photochemistry of photosystem II (PS II) were ameliorated by an exogenous application of Pro."	( Exogenous proline application ameliorates toxic effects of arsenate in Solanum melongena L. seedlings. Dubey, G; Mohan Prasad, S; Pratap Singh, V; Singh, M, 2015)	0.42
" Retrospective analysis investigated adverse events as potential sunitinib efficacy biomarkers."	( Real-world use of sunitinib in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: efficacy, safety and biomarker analyses in 1689 consecutive patients. Akaza, H; Aoki, K; Houzawa, H; Lee, SY; Naito, S; Pitman Lowenthal, S; Ueno, N, 2015)	0.42
" Associations between baseline characteristics and adverse events were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards model and compared by χ(2) test."	( Real-world use of sunitinib in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: efficacy, safety and biomarker analyses in 1689 consecutive patients. Akaza, H; Aoki, K; Houzawa, H; Lee, SY; Naito, S; Pitman Lowenthal, S; Ueno, N, 2015)	0.42
" Grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurred in 70%, with reduced platelet count the most common (34%)."	( Real-world use of sunitinib in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: efficacy, safety and biomarker analyses in 1689 consecutive patients. Akaza, H; Aoki, K; Houzawa, H; Lee, SY; Naito, S; Pitman Lowenthal, S; Ueno, N, 2015)	0.42
" Potential biomarkers associated with greater efficacy were relative dose intensity and specific adverse events."	( Real-world use of sunitinib in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: efficacy, safety and biomarker analyses in 1689 consecutive patients. Akaza, H; Aoki, K; Houzawa, H; Lee, SY; Naito, S; Pitman Lowenthal, S; Ueno, N, 2015)	0.42
" Overall, adverse event rates were generally similar between the treatment arms."	( SWITCH: A Randomised, Sequential, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib-sunitinib Versus Sunitinib-sorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer. Bos, MM; De Santis, M; Eichelberg, C; Fischer von Weikersthal, L; Flörcken, A; Freier, W; Goebell, PJ; Gottstein, D; Hauswald, K; Indorf, M; Lerchenmüller, C; Los, M; Michel, MS; Pahernik, S; Schenck, M; Schirrmacher-Memmel, S; Staehler, M; van Arkel, C; Vervenne, WL; Zimmermann, U, 2015)	0.42
" In contrast, the safety based on the number of withdrawals due to adverse events did not differ significantly among the seven interventions."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, with or without methotrexate, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bae, SC; Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2015)	0.42
" Data included demographic profiles, adverse events during first cycle of therapy, treatment delays, and treatment outcomes."	( Co-occurring adverse events enable early prediction of progression-free survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib: a hypothesis-generating study. Dumnicka, P; Herman, RM; Krzemieniecki, K; Kucharz, J; Kusnierz-Cabala, B; Kuzniewski, M, )	0.13
"PFS was significantly longer in patients who experienced at least 1 adverse event after the first cycle of sunitinib (median 17."	( Co-occurring adverse events enable early prediction of progression-free survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib: a hypothesis-generating study. Dumnicka, P; Herman, RM; Krzemieniecki, K; Kucharz, J; Kusnierz-Cabala, B; Kuzniewski, M, )	0.13
" It is not only a safe and effective treatment of hyperlipidemia, but it also reduces inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis."	( Evaluating the safety of Liptruzet (ezetimibe and atorvastatin): what are the potential benefits beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effect? Ahmed, MH; Elmadhoun, WM; Hassan, AT; Husain, NE, 2015)	0.42
"Interval and cumulative time-period analyses evaluated the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) for up to 6 yr, in the overall population and in those with long-term (≥2 yr) sunitinib treatment."	( Long-term Safety of Sunitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Charles, LP; DeAnnuntis, L; Escudier, B; Gore, ME; Hariharan, S; Motzer, RJ; Porta, C; Rini, BI; Yang, L, 2016)	0.43
" Efficacy endpoints and incidence rates of adverse events (AEs) of special interest were assessed."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib following inadequate response to conventional synthetic or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Bananis, E; Burmester, G; Charles-Schoeman, C; Fleischmann, R; Hendrikx, T; Kwok, K; Nash, P; Soma, K; Zerbini, CA, 2016)	0.43
" The toxic potency of two reactive metabolites was also compared."	( Cytotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloid in human hepatic parenchymal and sinusoidal endothelial cells: Firm evidence for the reactive metabolites mediated pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity. Fu, PP; Lin, G; Ruan, J; Yang, M, 2016)	0.43
" Retrospective analyses investigated common adverse events as potential prognostic markers."	( Safety, efficacy and prognostic analyses of sunitinib in the post-marketing surveillance study of Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Houzawa, H; Komatsu, Y; Nishida, T; Ohki, E; Togo, K; Toyoshima, Y; Ueda, E; Ueno, N; Yoshida, A, 2015)	0.42
" Grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurred in 70%, most commonly thrombocytopenia (33%), neutropenia (22%) and leukopenia (15%)."	( Safety, efficacy and prognostic analyses of sunitinib in the post-marketing surveillance study of Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Houzawa, H; Komatsu, Y; Nishida, T; Ohki, E; Togo, K; Toyoshima, Y; Ueda, E; Ueno, N; Yoshida, A, 2015)	0.42
" Factors associated with greater efficacy were relative dose intensity, performance status and specific early adverse events."	( Safety, efficacy and prognostic analyses of sunitinib in the post-marketing surveillance study of Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Houzawa, H; Komatsu, Y; Nishida, T; Ohki, E; Togo, K; Toyoshima, Y; Ueda, E; Ueno, N; Yoshida, A, 2015)	0.42
"Several adverse events (AEs) are known to be commonly observed during treatment with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients."	( Absence of Significant Correlation of Adverse Events Between First- and Second-Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Imai, S; Miyake, H, 2016)	0.43
"Several adverse events (AEs) commonly observed during treatment with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)."	( Absence of Significant Correlation of Adverse Events Between First- and Second-Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Imai, S; Miyake, H, 2016)	0.43
" The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events, including congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy (CHF/CM), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and cardiovascular deaths, was examined through December 2010."	( Cardiovascular toxicity after antiangiogenic therapy in persons older than 65 years with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Atkins, MB; Barac, A; Freedman, AN; Fu, AZ; Jang, S; Minasian, L; Potosky, AL; Tsai, HT; Zheng, C, 2016)	0.43
" The most common adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, edema and hypertension."	( Safety and efficacy of sunitinib for advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Li, CL; Shi, HZ; Tian, J, 2015)	0.42
" Most adverse events were tolerable."	( Safety and efficacy of sunitinib for advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Li, CL; Shi, HZ; Tian, J, 2015)	0.42
" For adverse events of special interest, data on tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID or placebo were pooled from six PII and five PIII randomised studies."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in US and non-US rheumatoid arthritis patients: pooled analyses of phase II and III. Cohen, SB; Fleischmann, R; Koenig, A; Kwok, K; Mebus, CA; Riese, R; Wang, L, )	0.13
" Incidence rates for adverse events of special interest were similar between the US and ROW PII/PIII populations."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in US and non-US rheumatoid arthritis patients: pooled analyses of phase II and III. Cohen, SB; Fleischmann, R; Koenig, A; Kwok, K; Mebus, CA; Riese, R; Wang, L, )	0.13
" This is a significant limitation because sustained changes in blood pressure are often accompanied by changes in heart rate and together can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial degeneration in animals, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in humans."	( Natriuretic Peptides as Cardiovascular Safety Biomarkers in Rats: Comparison With Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Heart Weight. Engle, SK; Watson, DE, 2016)	0.43
" In contrast, the safety based on the number of withdrawals due to adverse events did not differ significantly among the treatment options."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept and tofacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis that inadequately responds to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled tri Bae, SC; Lee, YH, 2016)	0.43
"Tocilizumab 8 mg was the second-line non-TNF biologic with the highest performance regarding an early good response based on ACR20 response rate and acceptable safety profile, followed by rituximab, abatacept and tofacitinib in patients with RA and an inadequate response to anti-TNF therapy, and none of these treatments were associated with a significant risk of withdrawal due to adverse events."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept and tofacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis that inadequately responds to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled tri Bae, SC; Lee, YH, 2016)	0.43
"The aim was to assess the relationship between treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line sunitinib."	( Synergistic Survival: A New Phenomenon Connected to Adverse Events of First-Line Sunitinib Treatment in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Bíró, K; Budai, B; Géczi, L; Gyergyay, F; Küronya, Z; Nagy, P; Nagyiványi, K; Németh, H; Noszek, L, 2016)	0.43
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide more effective targeted treatments for cancer, but are subject to a variety of adverse effects, such as hypothyroidism."	( Hypothyroidism Side Effect in Patients Treated with Sunitinib or Sorafenib: Clinical and Structural Analyses. Lin, Z; Shu, M; Wang, R; Zai, X; Zhang, B, 2016)	0.43
" Saroglitazar treatment was safe and well tolerated in this study."	( A Prospective, Multicentre, Open-Label Single-Arm Exploratory Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Saroglitazar on Hypertriglyceridemia in HIV Associated Lipodystrophy. Deshpande, A; Jani, RH; Joshi, S; Toshniwal, H, 2016)	0.43
" Statin therapy significantly lowers plasma TC and LDL levels in HIV-positive patients and is associated with low rates of adverse events."	( Comparative safety and efficacy of statins for primary prevention in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ballocca, F; Barbero, U; Biondi-Zoccai, G; Bonora, S; Calcagno, A; Cannillo, M; Cerrato, E; D'Ascenzo, F; DiNicolantonio, JJ; Gaita, F; Gasparini, M; Gili, S; Grosso Marra, W; Lavie, CJ; Lonni, E; Mancone, M; Montefusco, A; Moretti, C; Omedè, P; Pianelli, M, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events occurred in 83% of patients through Week 52, including four (4."	( Oral tofacitinib efficacy, safety and tolerability in Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study. Asahina, A; Etoh, T; Igarashi, A; Imafuku, S; Nagaoka, M; Ohtsuki, M; Saeki, H; Shibasaki, Y; Tomochika, Y; Toyoizumi, S, 2016)	0.43
" Most common adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction and thrombocytopenia which were manageable."	( Efficacy and safety of sorafenib versus sunitinib as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: largest single-center retrospective analysis. Chi, Z; Cui, C; Guo, J; Li, S; Lian, B; Mao, L; Sheng, X; Si, L; Tang, B; Wang, X; Yan, X, 2016)	0.43
" Serious adverse events and discontinuations because of adverse events were reported in less than 11% of patients over 33 months of tofacitinib exposure."	( Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: Long-term efficacy and safety results from 2 randomized phase-III studies and 1 open-label long-term extension study. Feldman, SR; Gardner, A; Gupta, P; Krueger, JG; Langley, RG; Luo, Y; Mallbris, L; Mebus, C; Papp, KA; Tan, H; Tatulych, S; Thaci, D; Torii, H; Tyring, S; Wolk, R, 2016)	0.43
" Conversion to MPS was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Elective Conversion From Sotrastaurin (STN) to Tacrolimus (TAC) or Mycophenolate (MPS) in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients. Aguiar, W; Campos, E; Cristelli, M; Felipe, C; Ferreira, A; Franco, M; Gerbase de Lima, M; Hannun, P; Medina-Pestana, J; Sandes-Freitas, T; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2016)	0.43
"6 % of patients reported at least one adverse event (AE); most common were diarrhea (78."	( Safety and tolerability of AZD5363 in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Arita, S; Chen, L; Esaki, T; Hashimoto, J; Hirai, F; Kawata, T; Kodaira, M; Lindemann, J; Seto, T; Tamura, K; Tanabe, Y; Toyokawa, G; Yamamoto, H; Yonemori, K, 2016)	0.43
" Toxicity was graded according to the Veterinary Comparative Oncology Group - common terminology criteria for adverse events(VCOG-CTCAE) and response was measured according to Response Evaluation In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria."	( Toxicity and response in cats with neoplasia treated with toceranib phosphate. Blackwood, L; Harper, A, 2017)	0.46
" We here document the possible mechanism of tofacitinib in patiens with RA, shedding light upon a characteristic adverse event, herpes zoster."	( Relevance of involvement of tofacitinib in T cell subsets to clinical courses and adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sonomoto, K; Tanaka, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Forty-nine treatment-emergent all-causality adverse events (AEs) were observed; nausea and headache were the most frequently reported."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in healthy volunteers. Boy, M; Chan, G; Chow, V; Krishnaswami, S, 2015)	0.42
" Incidence rates (IRs; patients with event/100 patient-years) of adverse events (AEs) of special interest were reported."	( Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of Latin American patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Pooled efficacy and safety analyses of Phase 3 and long-term extension studies. Cardiel, MH; Citera, G; García, EG; Goecke, A; Jaller, JJ; Kwok, K; Lomonte, ABV; Miranda, P; Radominski, SC; Rojo, R; Velez, P; Xibillé, D, )	0.13
" All adverse events were recorded."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Triple Therapy with Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin or Metronidazole: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study. Hasegawa, S; Nakamura, K; Nishimura, A; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Shiino, M, 2016)	0.43
" Seven adverse events were reported."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Triple Therapy with Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin or Metronidazole: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study. Hasegawa, S; Nakamura, K; Nishimura, A; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Shiino, M, 2016)	0.43
" Therefore, CV adverse events (AEs), and blood pressure and lipid level changes, in tofacitinib-treated patients with RA were evaluated."	( Cardiovascular safety findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. Boy, M; Charles-Schoeman, C; Geier, J; Gonzalez-Gay, MA; Kwok, K; Riese, R; Soma, K; Wicker, P; Zuckerman, A, 2016)	0.43
" CV events, including major adverse CV events (MACE: CV death and non-fatal CV events) and congestive heart failure (CHF), were assessed by a blinded adjudication committee."	( Cardiovascular safety findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. Boy, M; Charles-Schoeman, C; Geier, J; Gonzalez-Gay, MA; Kwok, K; Riese, R; Soma, K; Wicker, P; Zuckerman, A, 2016)	0.43
" The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event was a hand-foot skin reaction (25%)."	( Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in Korean Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor after Failure of Imatinib and Sunitinib: A Multicenter Study Based on the Management Access Program. Im, SA; Kang, YK; Kim, TY; Lee, SJ; Park, JO; Park, SR; Ryoo, BY; Ryu, MH; Son, MK, 2017)	0.46
" To characterise the relative safety profile of tofacitinib to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), the accrued patient-years (pt-yrs) of exposure needed in an RA clinical trial programme to detect a potential increase in risk of specific adverse events (AEs) was determined."	( Use of a risk characterisation approach to contextualise the safety profile of new rheumatoid arthritis treatments: a case study using tofacitinib. Anisfeld, A; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Curtis, JR; Geier, J; Krishnaswami, S; Strengholt, S; Zhang, R, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events were limited to grade I and II infections."	( Safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata. Cerise, JE; Chen, JC; Christiano, AM; Craiglow, BG; Jabbari, A; Kennedy Crispin, M; King, BA; Ko, JM; Li, S; Marinkovich, MP; Oro, AE; Shankar, G; Urban, JR; Winge, MC, 2016)	0.43
"At the dose and duration studied, tofacitinib is a safe and effective treatment for severe AA, though it does not result in a durable response."	( Safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata. Cerise, JE; Chen, JC; Christiano, AM; Craiglow, BG; Jabbari, A; Kennedy Crispin, M; King, BA; Ko, JM; Li, S; Marinkovich, MP; Oro, AE; Shankar, G; Urban, JR; Winge, MC, 2016)	0.43
" mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan were reviewed for the incidence of adverse events."	( Prognostic role of the cumulative toxicity in patients affected by metastatic renal cells carcinoma and treated with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Aurilio, G; Cossu Rocca, M; Cullurà, D; de Cobelli, O; Iacovelli, R; Nolè, F; Verri, E, 2017)	0.46
" The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were slightly lower for GU and slightly higher for DU with vonoprazan than with lansoprazole."	( Randomised clinical trial: efficacy and safety of vonoprazan vs. lansoprazole in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers - results from two phase 3, non-inferiority randomised controlled trials. Miwa, H; Mori, Y; Nishimura, A; Sakaki, N; Sakurai, Y; Takanami, Y; Tatsumi, T; Uedo, N; Watari, J, 2017)	0.46
"To systematically review relevant literature comparing the oncological outcomes and adverse events of different systemic therapies for patients with metastatic non-ccRCC."	( A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Different Systemic Treatments for Non-clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Albiges, L; Bensalah, K; Bex, A; Canfield, SE; Dabestani, S; Fernández-Pello, S; Giles, RH; Hofmann, F; Hora, M; Kuczyk, MA; Lam, TB; Ljungberg, B; Marconi, L; Merseburger, AS; Powles, T; Staehler, M; Tahbaz, R; Volpe, A, 2017)	0.46
" Sunitinib was associated with more Grade 3-4 adverse events than everolimus, although this was not statistically significant."	( A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Different Systemic Treatments for Non-clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Albiges, L; Bensalah, K; Bex, A; Canfield, SE; Dabestani, S; Fernández-Pello, S; Giles, RH; Hofmann, F; Hora, M; Kuczyk, MA; Lam, TB; Ljungberg, B; Marconi, L; Merseburger, AS; Powles, T; Staehler, M; Tahbaz, R; Volpe, A, 2017)	0.46
"To determine possible differences in serious adverse effects among the 10 currently approved biological and targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/ts-DMARDs) for RA."	( Risk of serious adverse effects of biological and targeted drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review meta-analysis. Bliddal, H; Boers, M; Brock, B; Christensen, R; Dossing, A; Eric Furst, D; Heller Asmussen, K; Luta, G; Schjødt Jørgensen, T; Tarp, S; Tarp, U; Thirstrup, S, 2017)	0.46
" Network meta-analyses using mixed-effects Poisson regression models were conducted to calculate rate ratios for serious adverse events (SAEs) and deaths between each of the 10 drugs and control (i."	( Risk of serious adverse effects of biological and targeted drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review meta-analysis. Bliddal, H; Boers, M; Brock, B; Christensen, R; Dossing, A; Eric Furst, D; Heller Asmussen, K; Luta, G; Schjødt Jørgensen, T; Tarp, S; Tarp, U; Thirstrup, S, 2017)	0.46
" Therapeutic drug monitoring of total sunitinib (sunitinib and N-desethyl sunitinib) is used in our hospital to improve therapeutic efficacy, while preventing adverse effects."	( Severe toxicity induced by accumulation of active sunitinib metabolite in a Japanese patient with renal cell carcinoma: a case report. Arai, Y; Ito, A; Kawasaki, Y; Kikuchi, M; Mano, N; Takasaki, S; Yamaguchi, H, 2017)	0.46
" We attribute our patient's severe adverse events to the excessive accumulation of N-desethyl sunitinib owing to its delayed excretion."	( Severe toxicity induced by accumulation of active sunitinib metabolite in a Japanese patient with renal cell carcinoma: a case report. Arai, Y; Ito, A; Kawasaki, Y; Kikuchi, M; Mano, N; Takasaki, S; Yamaguchi, H, 2017)	0.46
"The monitoring of not only total sunitinib concentration but also N-desethyl sunitinib concentration and their elimination half-lives during sunitinib therapy is recommended to avoid critical adverse events."	( Severe toxicity induced by accumulation of active sunitinib metabolite in a Japanese patient with renal cell carcinoma: a case report. Arai, Y; Ito, A; Kawasaki, Y; Kikuchi, M; Mano, N; Takasaki, S; Yamaguchi, H, 2017)	0.46
" Incidence rates (IRs; patients with event/100 patient-years) and 95% CIs are reported for adverse events (AEs) of interest."	( Long-term safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis up to 8.5 years: integrated analysis of data from the global clinical trials. Charles-Schoeman, C; Cohen, SB; Curtis, JR; DeMasi, R; Geier, J; Kwok, K; Lee, EB; Mariette, X; Nash, P; Riese, R; Tanaka, Y; Thirunavukkarasu, K; Wang, L; Winthrop, KL; Wollenhaupt, J, 2017)	0.46
" IRs for discontinuation due to adverse events, serious infections, tuberculosis, all herpes zoster (HZ), serious HZ, malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and major adverse cardiovascular events were numerically lower for LA versus RoW patients; IR for mortality was numerically higher."	( Safety of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Latin America Compared With the Rest of the World Population. Alvarez-Moreno, C; Cardiel, MH; Castañeda, OM; Castelli, G; Citera, G; García, EG; Jaller, JJ; Kwok, K; Mysler, E; Ponce de Leon, D; Radominski, SC; Rillo, O; Rojo, R; Romero, FJ; Salinas, A, 2017)	0.46
" Hypertension is an adverse effect of these drugs and the degree of hypertension associates with the anti-tumour effect."	( Effects and Side Effects of Using Sorafenib and Sunitinib in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Bauer, J; Grimm, D; Magnusson, NE; Randrup Hansen, C; Wehland, M, 2017)	0.46
"A high incidence of severe hematological adverse events during sunitinib treatment complicates decision making on dose and treatment cycle."	( Characteristics of early-onset hematotoxicity of sunitinib in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma. Kanehira, M; Kato, R; Kato, Y; Matsuura, T; Obara, W; Takata, R, 2017)	0.46
"Neonicotinoid residues can be present in soybean vegetative tissue, prey insects, and flower tissues, possibly making them toxic to pollinators and natural enemies."	( Thiamethoxam Toxicity and Effects on Consumption Behavior in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Soybean. Camargo, C; Giesler, LJ; Hunt, TE; Siegfried, BD, 2017)	0.46
" Clinical disease activity indicated by disease activity score (DAS)28-ESR, the simplified disease activity index, and the clinical disease activity index as well as adverse events (AEs) were evaluated."	( Efficacy and safety at 24 weeks of daily clinical use of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Aramaki, T; Eguchi, K; Fukui, S; Hirai, Y; Horai, Y; Ichinose, K; Iwamoto, N; Kawakami, A; Kawashiri, SY; Koga, T; Nakamura, H; Nishino, A; Origuchi, T; Shimizu, T; Takatani, A; Tamai, M; Terada, K; Tsuji, S; Ueki, Y; Umeda, M, 2017)	0.46
"Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare treatment related side effect that was firstly described in 2002 through a case report in metastatic bone cancer patient treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) therapy."	( Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Angiogenesis inhibitors: A Revival of a Rare but Serous Side Effect. Antonuzzo, L; Balestri, V; Brugia, M; Costanzo, FD; Giommoni, E; Laffi, A; Lunghi, A; Mazzoni, F; Mela, MM; Petreni, P, 2017)	0.46
" Safety, including incidence rates (IRs; patients with events/100 patient-years) for adverse events (AEs) of special interest, was assessed throughout the studies."	( Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients from Mexico with rheumatoid arthritis: Pooled efficacy and safety analyses from Phase 3 and LTE studies. Abud-Mendoza, C; Burgos-Vargas, R; Cardiel, M; Fan, H; García, E; Mahgoub, E; Pacheco-Tena, C; Pascual-Ramos, V; Rahman, M; Rojo, R; Santana, K; Xibillé, D, )	0.13
"2%) or adverse events (6."	( Real-life patterns of use, safety and effectiveness of sunitinib in first-line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the SANTORIN cohort study. Balestra, A; Bay, JO; Bernard, MA; Chevreau, C; Culine, S; Droz-Perroteau, C; Ferrière, JM; Fourrier-Réglat, A; Grelaud, A; Gross-Goupil, M; Lamarque, S; Lassalle, R; Moore, N; Moulin, F; Noize, P; Ravaud, A; Robinson, P; Rouyer, M, 2017)	0.46
" Although sunitinib is effective for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, advanced renal cell carcinoma, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, adverse cardiac events associated with sunitinib administration have been reported."	( Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin attenuates the cytotoxicity of sunitinib in cardiomyocytes via inhibition of the autophagy pathway. Kimura, T; Miyamoto, N; Sawada, K; Takase, K; Uesugi, M, 2017)	0.46
" In total, 23 (6%) of 384 patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy, 26 (7%) of 376 patients receiving tofacitinib plus methotrexate, and 36 (9%) of 386 patients receiving adalimumab plus methotrexate discontinued due to adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib with methotrexate, and adalimumab with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ORAL Strategy): a phase 3b/4, double-blind, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial. DeMasi, R; Fleischmann, R; Hall, S; Kivitz, AJ; Krishnaswami, S; Luo, Z; Menon, S; Mojcik, C; Moots, RJ; Mysler, E; Smolen, JS; Soma, K; Takiya, L; Tatulych, S; Zhang, R, 2017)	0.46
"Yatakemycin (YTM) is an extraordinarily toxic DNA alkylating agent with potent antimicrobial and antitumor properties and is the most recent addition to the CC-1065 and duocarmycin family of natural products."	( Toxicity and repair of DNA adducts produced by the natural product yatakemycin. Eichman, BF; Mullins, EA; Shi, R, 2017)	0.46
" Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), and QoL (SF-36 scores), and secondary outcomes were associations of clinical characteristics with QoL."	( Comparison of efficacy, safety, and quality of life between sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line therapy for Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cai, W; Chen, Y; Dong, B; Huang, J; Huang, Y; Kong, W; Xue, W; Zhang, J; Zhou, L, 2017)	0.46
"Sunitinib is an anti-cancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor associated with severe cardiotoxic adverse effects."	( Attenuation of Sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity through the A3 adenosine receptor activation. Cooper, S; Hussain, A; Maddock, H; Mee, C; Sandhu, H, 2017)	0.46
" Serious adverse events occurred in 3 patients in the tofacitinib group (5."	( The Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Zoster Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Before Starting Tofacitinib: A Randomized Phase II Trial. Biswas, P; Choy, EH; Hodge, JA; Mojcik, CF; Nduaka, CI; Needle, E; Passador, S; Rigby, WF; Soma, K; Winthrop, KL; Wouters, AG, 2017)	0.46
" Vaccination appeared to be safe in all of the patients except 1 patient who lacked preexisting VZV immunity."	( The Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Zoster Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Before Starting Tofacitinib: A Randomized Phase II Trial. Biswas, P; Choy, EH; Hodge, JA; Mojcik, CF; Nduaka, CI; Needle, E; Passador, S; Rigby, WF; Soma, K; Winthrop, KL; Wouters, AG, 2017)	0.46
" In summary, we present a case of locally advanced RCC accompanied by severe adverse events that showed a significant and durable response to treatment with sunitinib for just 2 weeks."	( Continuous remission of renal cell carcinoma with tumour thrombus after severe adverse events following short-term treatment with sunitinib. Ishikawa, S; Katagiri, A; Kazama, A; Mizusawa, T, 2017)	0.46
" JTE-052 ointment at doses up to 3% was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of topical JTE-052, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in Japanese adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a phase II, multicentre, randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical study. Igarashi, A; Nagata, T; Nakagawa, H; Nemoto, O, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse effects associated with eradication therapy were observed in 25 of 118 subjects (21."	( Safety of first-line triple therapy with a potassium-competitive acid blocker for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children. Gotoda, T; Ikehara, H; Kusano, C; Moriyama, M; Suzuki, S, 2018)	0.48
"The tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib is used to treat cancer and is linked to severe adverse cardiovascular events."	( Involvement of mitogen activated kinase kinase 7 intracellular signalling pathway in Sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity. Cooper, SL; Hussain, A; Maddock, H; Mee, C; Sandhu, H, 2018)	0.48
" Hypertension (20%; 95% CI 7-33), hand-foot skin reaction (22%; 95% CI 17-27), and hypophosphatemia (18%; 95% CI 5-41) were common grade ≥3 regorafenib-related adverse events in patients treated with regorafenib after failure with imatinib and sunitinib treatments."	( Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor after failure with imatinib and sunitinib treatment: A meta-analysis. Jiang, T; Piao, D; Wang, W; Zhang, Z, 2017)	0.46
" Close monitoring and appropriate management of grade ≥3 regorafenib-related adverse events should be considered during treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor after failure with imatinib and sunitinib treatment: A meta-analysis. Jiang, T; Piao, D; Wang, W; Zhang, Z, 2017)	0.46
" The standard schedule, 4 weeks-on followed by 2 weeks-off (4/2 schedule), often does not maintain an adequate dosage because of the severe adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib alternate day regimen in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Japan: Comparison with standard 4/2 schedule. Asai, A; Matsunaga, N; Matsuo, T; Mitsunari, K; Miyata, Y; Mochizuki, Y; Ohba, K; Sakai, H; Yasuda, T, 2018)	0.48
" was safe and effective for mRCC patients."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib alternate day regimen in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Japan: Comparison with standard 4/2 schedule. Asai, A; Matsunaga, N; Matsuo, T; Mitsunari, K; Miyata, Y; Mochizuki, Y; Ohba, K; Sakai, H; Yasuda, T, 2018)	0.48
" JTE-052 ointments of 1% and 3% were generally safe and well tolerated in both populations."	( Phase 1 studies to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of JTE-052 (a novel Janus kinase inhibitor) ointment in Japanese healthy volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis. Nagata, T; Nakagawa, H; Nemoto, O; Ninomiya, N; Yamada, H, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events (AEs) are reported up to month 66 and laboratory data up to month 54."	( Tofacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: long-term safety and efficacy in an open-label extension study. Bakos, N; Bissonnette, R; Gardner, AC; Harper, MK; Korman, NJ; Ports, WC; Tallman, A; Tan, H; Tsai, TF; Valdez, H; Valenzuela, F, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were reported in 82·5% and 13·7% of patients, respectively; 13·9% of patients discontinued owing to AEs; and 29 patients died."	( Tofacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: long-term safety and efficacy in an open-label extension study. Bakos, N; Bissonnette, R; Gardner, AC; Harper, MK; Korman, NJ; Ports, WC; Tallman, A; Tan, H; Tsai, TF; Valdez, H; Valenzuela, F, 2018)	0.48
" Frequencies of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs were similar for tofacitinib and placebo at month 3; serious infection events were more frequent for tofacitinib."	( Tofacitinib 5 mg Twice Daily in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inadequate Response to Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: A Comprehensive Review of Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety. Bensen, W; Bird, P; El-Zorkany, B; Kaine, J; Manapat-Reyes, BH; Pascual-Ramos, V; Soma, K; Thirunavukkarasu, K; Witcombe, D; Zhang, R, 2019)	0.51
" Of several adverse events, only anemia and fatigue were significantly more frequently observed in older than younger patients."	( Significance of Age in Japanese Patients Receiving Sunitinib as First-line Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Comparative Assessment of Efficacy and Safety between Patients Aged <75 and ≥75 Years. Aki, R; Ito, T; Matsushita, Y; Miyake, H; Motoyama, D; Otsuka, A; Sugiyama, T; Tamura, K, 2018)	0.48
" Approximately 600 toxic PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified in about 3% flowering plants."	( Pyrrole-protein adducts - A biomarker of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity. Fu, PP; Lin, G; Ma, J; Xia, Q, 2018)	0.48
"Active inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes."	( Outcomes of Pregnancies With Maternal/Paternal Exposure in the Tofacitinib Safety Databases for Ulcerative Colitis. Baumgart, DC; Clowse, MEB; Dubinsky, MC; Feldman, SR; Graham, D; Jones, TV; Lawendy, N; Mahadevan, U; Marren, A; Su, C; Zhang, H, 2018)	0.48
" Outcomes from tofacitinib rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis interventional studies, and RA noninterventional postapproval safety studies, spontaneous adverse event reporting, and registry data are also reported."	( Outcomes of Pregnancies With Maternal/Paternal Exposure in the Tofacitinib Safety Databases for Ulcerative Colitis. Baumgart, DC; Clowse, MEB; Dubinsky, MC; Feldman, SR; Graham, D; Jones, TV; Lawendy, N; Mahadevan, U; Marren, A; Su, C; Zhang, H, 2018)	0.48
" The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the data concerning the drugs' basic mechanisms and clinical trial results in order to inform clinicians about the serious and non-serious adverse events associated with JAK inhibitors."	( Adverse events, clinical considerations and management recommendations in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with JAK inhibitors. Atzeni, F; Gerratana, E; Marino, F; Masala, IF; Nucera, V; Sangari, D; Sarzi-Puttini, P; Talotta, R, 2018)	0.48
" The most frequent class of adverse events was infections and infestations."	( Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients from Brazil with rheumatoid arthritis: Pooled efficacy and safety analyses. Akylbekova, EL; Brenol, CV; de Leon, DP; García, EG; Lomonte, ABV; Marcolino, FMD; Radominski, SC; Rojo, R; Zerbini, CAF, 2018)	0.48
" Safety assessments included incidence rates (IRs) for serious adverse events (SAEs), discontinuations due to AEs, serious infection events, and herpes zoster (HZ), and were evaluated throughout the duration of the Phase 3 studies."	( A pooled analysis of the safety of tofacitinib as monotherapy or in combination with background conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in a Phase 3 rheumatoid arthritis population. Bananis, E; Cohen, S; Connell, CA; Fan, H; Fleischmann, R; Haraoui, B; Kaine, J; Keystone, E; Kivitz, AJ; Takiya, L; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2018)	0.48
" No significant differences were observed in the incidence of serious adverse events after treatment with tofacitinib + MTX, baricitinib + MTX, adalimumab + MTX, or placebo + MTX."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bae, SC; Lee, YH, 2019)	0.51
"In RA patients with an inadequate response to DMARDs or biologics, tofacitinib 10 mg + MTX and baricitinib 4 mg + MTX were the most efficacious interventions and were not associated with a significant risk of serious adverse events."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bae, SC; Lee, YH, 2019)	0.51
" Conclusions The combination of temsirolimus and bevacizumab showed limited clinical activity in mCRPC patients previously treated with chemotherapy and was associated with significant adverse events (AEs)."	( Phase I/II study evaluating the safety and clinical efficacy of temsirolimus and bevacizumab in patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Barata, PC; Cooney, M; Dreicer, R; Garcia, JA; Gupta, R; Mendiratta, P, 2019)	0.51
" Incidence rates for adverse events of special interest in tofacitinib-treated patients were similar to the global population."	( Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. An, Y; Bao, CD; Chen, ZW; Gu, JR; Hwang, LJ; Kremer, J; Li, ZG; Liu, Y; Wang, L; Wu, QZ; Xu, HJ; Zhao, DB, 2018)	0.48
" In the absence of a clear, safe mechanism of action, fludioxonil should be re-evaluated for its potential to impact human health."	( Uncertainty surrounding the mechanism and safety of the post-harvest fungicide fludioxonil. Brandhorst, TT; Klein, BS, 2019)	0.51
" Incidence rates (IRs; patients with events per 100 patient-years of exposure) were evaluated for select adverse events."	( Safety of Tofacitinib for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, Based on 4.4 Years of Data From Global Clinical Trials. Chan, G; D'Haens, GR; Friedman, GS; Jones, T; Lawendy, N; Moscariello, M; Panés, J; Pedersen, R; Sandborn, WJ; Sands, BE; Su, C, 2019)	0.51
"In the maintenance cohort, IRs for select adverse events were similar among treatment groups, except for a numerically higher IR of herpes zoster infection among patients who received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (2."	( Safety of Tofacitinib for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, Based on 4.4 Years of Data From Global Clinical Trials. Chan, G; D'Haens, GR; Friedman, GS; Jones, T; Lawendy, N; Moscariello, M; Panés, J; Pedersen, R; Sandborn, WJ; Sands, BE; Su, C, 2019)	0.51
" Both groups had similar rates of adverse events and serious infections."	( Long-term safety and tolerability of oral tofacitinib in patients with Crohn's disease: results from a phase 2, open-label, 48-week extension study. Chan, G; D'Haens, GR; Higgins, PDR; Maller, E; Mele, L; Moscariello, M; Niezychowski, W; Panés, J; Su, C; Wang, W, 2019)	0.51
" Clinical efficacy, structural progression, and treatment-emergent adverse events were evaluated."	( Tofacitinib in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Efficacy, Radiographic, and Safety Outcomes From a Twenty-Four-Month, Phase III Study. Cardiel, MH; Cohen, S; Connell, CA; Fleischmann, R; Gruben, D; Keystone, E; Kremer, J; Nash, P; Song, YW; Strand, V; Tanaka, Y; Tegzová, D; van der Heijde, D; Wallenstein, G; Zerbini, CAF, 2019)	0.51
" Taken together, these results emphasize the adverse effects of PPy/p-TSA on zebrafish development and behavior."	( Adverse effects of p-TSA-doped polypyrrole particulate exposure during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. Basso, NRS; Bogo, MR; Corte, TWF; Costa, KM; Cruz, FF; Machado, P; Pereira, TCB; Pissinate, K; Soares, JC; Valente, CA, 2019)	0.51
" We observed no significant differences in the incidence of serious adverse events after treatment with tofacitinib 10 mg, apremilast 30 mg, tofacitinib 5 mg, apremilast 20 mg, or placebo."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib and Apremilast in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2019)	0.51
"In patients with active psoriatic arthritis, tofacitinib 10 mg and apremilast 30 mg were the most efficacious interventions and were not associated with a significant risk of serious adverse events."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib and Apremilast in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2019)	0.51
" Safety data pooled over 92 months from one P1, four P2, six P3, and two LTE studies for all tofacitinib doses (N = 1464) included incidence rates (IRs) (patients with events/100 patient-years) for adverse events (AEs) of special interest."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients from the Asia-Pacific region: Post-hoc analyses of pooled clinical study data. Chen, C; Kwok, K; Lee, EB; Liu, Y; Llamado, LJ; Luo, Y; Sugiyama, N; Tanaka, Y; Tsai, WC; Wang, L; Yamanaka, H; Yoo, HJ, 2019)	0.51
" Overall, 52% of patients discontinued (24% due to adverse events [AEs] and 4% due to insufficient clinical response); the safety profile remained consistent with that observed in prior phase 1, 2, 3, or LTE studies."	( Safety and efficacy of tofacitinib for up to 9.5 years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: final results of a global, open-label, long-term extension study. Cohen, S; Curtis, JR; DeMasi, R; Kwok, K; Lazariciu, I; Lee, EB; Mojcik, C; Silverfield, J; Soma, K; Strengholt, S; Terry, K; Wang, L; Wollenhaupt, J, 2019)	0.51
" For safety, the incidence of adverse reactions was statistically significantly higher for tofacitinib compared with placebo."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, Z; Tian, F; Xu, T, 2019)	0.51
"Treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis with tofacitinib is effective, but there may be more adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, Z; Tian, F; Xu, T, 2019)	0.51
"7%) patients due to adverse events."	( EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A SINGLE-PILL COMBINATION OF ATORVASTATIN/AMLODIPINE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA. Georgieva Torbova-Gigova, S; Ivanov Manov, E; Margaritov Runev, N; Naydenov Naydenov, S, 2018)	0.48
" No significant differences were observed in the incidence of serious adverse events after treatment with tofacitinib + MTX, upadacitinib + MTX, adalimumab + MTX, or placebo + MTX."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and upadacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Choi, SJ; Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2019)	0.51
"In RA patients with an inadequate response to cs- or b-DMARDs, upadacitinib 15 mg + MTX and upadacitinib 30 mg + MTX were the most efficacious interventions and were not associated with significant risks of serious adverse events."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and upadacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Choi, SJ; Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2019)	0.51
" Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Phase III, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan compared with lansoprazole in Asian patients with erosive oesophagitis. Chen, M; Chong, CF; Chun, HJ; Dai, N; Fei, G; Funao, N; Goh, KL; Sheu, BS; Xiao, Y; Zhang, S; Zhou, W, 2020)	0.56
" The incidence of adverse events was similar with delgocitinib and vehicle; none led to discontinuation of delgocitinib."	( Efficacy and safety of topical delgocitinib in patients with chronic hand eczema: data from a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase IIa study. Bauer, A; Elsner, P; Mahler, V; Molin, S; Nielsen, TSS; Worm, M, 2020)	0.56
" Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 45% of placebo and 44% of ubrogepant participants."	( Safety and tolerability of ubrogepant following intermittent, high-frequency dosing: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults. Ayele, G; Butler, M; Finnegan, M; Goadsby, PJ; Jakate, A; Miceli, R; Severt, L; Szegedi, A; Tepper, SJ; Trugman, JM; Watkins, PB, 2019)	0.51
" The incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) were meticulously recorded in each case."	( Tofacitinib in Pediatric Psoriasis: An Open-Label Trial to Study Its Safety and Efficacy in Children. AlMutairi, N; Nour, T, 2020)	0.56
" -Conclusion: The treatment with tofacitinib was safe and well tolerated, and led to significant improvement of their disease and quality of life as reflected in CDLQI scores."	( Tofacitinib in Pediatric Psoriasis: An Open-Label Trial to Study Its Safety and Efficacy in Children. AlMutairi, N; Nour, T, 2020)	0.56
" Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between treatment groups (23."	( Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Patients With Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study. Araki, T; Ashida, K; Iwakiri, K; Kinoshita, Y; Kudou, K; Miyagi, T; Sakurai, Y; Takabayashi, N, 2019)	0.51
" No significant differences were observed in the incidence of serious adverse events after treatment with tofacitinib + MTX, filgotinib + MTX, adalimumab + MTX, or placebo + MTX."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and filgotinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2020)	0.56
"In patients with RA exhibiting an inadequate response to cs- or bDMARDs, tofacitinib 10 mg + MTX and filgotinib 200 mg + MTX were the most efficacious interventions and risks of serious adverse events did not differ between tofacitinib and filgotinib groups."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and filgotinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2020)	0.56
" Toxic effects on nematodes were better predicted using concentrations in pore water than total sediment concentrations."	( Response of a nematode community to the fungicide fludioxonil in sediments of outdoor freshwater microcosms compared to a single species toxicity test. Brock, TCM; Höss, S; Roessink, I; Traunspurger, W, 2020)	0.56
" Drug-induced IgA vasculitis has been previously described for anti-tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)α therapies, but this is the first report of this adverse effect with anti-JAK therapy."	( IgA Vasculitis Developed as an Adverse Effect of Tofacitinib Taken for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hayashi, S; Itoh, I; Iwano, M; Kasuno, K; Kimura, H; Ojima, T; Shimizu, H; Takahashi, N; Yamamoto, C, 2020)	0.56
" Safety end-points included the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs)."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Igarashi, A; Kaino, H; Murata, R; Nagata, T; Nakagawa, H; Nemoto, O; Saeki, H, 2020)	0.56
" Safety outcomes included adverse events and serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of biologic agents and tofacitinib in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic overview of meta-analyses. Bonovas, S; Danese, S; Evripidou, D; Nikolopoulos, GK; Pantavou, K; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Piovani, D; Yiallourou, AI, 2019)	0.51
" Safety analyses indicated no increased rates of adverse events, except for infliximab."	( Efficacy and safety of biologic agents and tofacitinib in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic overview of meta-analyses. Bonovas, S; Danese, S; Evripidou, D; Nikolopoulos, GK; Pantavou, K; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Piovani, D; Yiallourou, AI, 2019)	0.51
"Biologics and tofacitinib are efficacious and safe for treating UC."	( Efficacy and safety of biologic agents and tofacitinib in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic overview of meta-analyses. Bonovas, S; Danese, S; Evripidou, D; Nikolopoulos, GK; Pantavou, K; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Piovani, D; Yiallourou, AI, 2019)	0.51
"Long-term intermittent use of ubrogepant 50 and 100 mg given as 1 or 2 doses per attack for the acute treatment of migraine was safe and well tolerated, as indicated by a low incidence of treatment-related TEAEs and SAEs and discontinuations due to adverse events in this 1-year trial."	( Long-Term Safety Evaluation of Ubrogepant for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: Phase 3, Randomized, 52-Week Extension Trial. Ailani, J; Butler, M; Finnegan, M; Hutchinson, S; Knievel, K; Lipton, RB; Lu, K; Severt, L; Trugman, JM; Yu, SY, 2020)	0.56
" The primary outcome was incidence rates of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs."	( Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases or Other Immune-mediated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bonovas, S; Danese, S; Lasa, JS; Olivera, PA; Peyrin-Biroulet, L, 2020)	0.56
" Our objective was to evaluate the possible benefits on endothelial function and vascular stiffness, as well as adverse effects of atorvastatin in SAMs."	( Safety of Atorvastatin in Patients With Stable Systemic Autoimmune Myopathies: A Pilot Longitudinal Study. Bortolotto, LA; de Oliveira, DS; Dos Santos, AM; Hong, VAC; Misse, RG; Pires Borges, IB; Shinjo, SK, 2021)	0.62
" In this study, we aimed to explore the mixture toxic effects of fludioxonil (FLU) and triadimefon (TRI) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) by employing different toxicological endpoints."	( Combined toxic effects of fludioxonil and triadimefon on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Guo, D; Wang, D; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Weng, H; Xu, C; Yang, G; Yu, R, 2020)	0.56
" It is uncertain whether the standard dose of vonoprazan 20 mg is superior to that of PPIs for GERD, so a direct comparison of the therapeutic effects and adverse events between vonoprazan 20 mg and PPIs is needed."	( Direct Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan Versus Proton-Pump Inhibitors for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cheng, Y; Dai, Y; Jiang, H; Kou, F; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, J; Lu, Q; Tan, X; Xie, C, 2021)	0.62
" Itacitinib was well tolerated, and 3 grade 1 treatment-emergent adverse events were reported over the course of the study."	( The Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Itacitinib. Barbour, AM; Chen, X; Epstein, N; Marbury, T; Petusky, S; Punwani, N; Srinivas, N; Xun, Z; Yeleswaram, S; Yuska, B; Zhou, G, 2020)	0.56
"The most common adverse events included diarrhea (92%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (61%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (54%), hair loss (38%), and vomiting (31%)."	( Single-center study to determine the safety and efficacy of CT-707 in Chinese patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. Si, X; Song, P; Wang, H; Yang, D; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" It is safe and reliable and the dose-expansion phase recruitment has started."	( Single-center study to determine the safety and efficacy of CT-707 in Chinese patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. Si, X; Song, P; Wang, H; Yang, D; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" However, the novel strategy is required to reduce life-threatening adverse effects of PNT including ischemic cardiovascular disease."	( Involvement of MCL1, c-myc, and cyclin D2 protein degradation in ponatinib-induced cytotoxicity against T315I(+) Ph+leukemia cells. Abe, A; Hayakawa, F; Ichihara, M; Inoue, C; Kawamoto, Y; Murate, T; Nishizawa, Y; Nozawa, Y; Sobue, S; Suzuki, M, 2020)	0.56
" Short-term use of ubrogepant was not related to an increased risk for adverse events."	( Safety and Efficacy of Ubrogepant for the Acute Treatment of Episodic Migraine: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Chen, M; Chen, Z; Gao, B; Sun, Y; Wang, Z; Yang, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Tofacitinib 5 mg, filgotinib 200 mg, and placebo showed a significantly lower serious adverse event rate than upadacitinib 15 mg."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib in active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2021)	0.62
" Most adverse events (AEs) were mild in severity, and no treatment-related serious AEs, severe AEs, or deaths were reported."	( Efficacy and Safety of PF-06651600 (Ritlecitinib), a Novel JAK3/TEC Inhibitor, in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate. Banfield, C; Beebe, JS; Chandra, D; Cox, L; Damjanov, N; Kivitz, A; Mancuso, J; Manukyan, Z; Peeva, E; Radunovic, G; Robinson, MF; Saunders, M; Stamenkovic, B; Vincent, MS, 2020)	0.56
" Treatment-emergent adverse events were evaluated up to 30 days after the last dose in the Phase 1 and Phase 3 studies."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Sumatriptan and of the Safety of Ubrogepant With Triptans. Boinpally, R; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Lu, K; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2020)	0.56
" No treatment-emergent adverse events were reported with the coadministration of ubrogepant 100 mg and sumatriptan 100 mg in the Phase 1 study."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Sumatriptan and of the Safety of Ubrogepant With Triptans. Boinpally, R; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Lu, K; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2020)	0.56
" The most common adverse event was soft stool/diarrhea (4/19, 21%)."	( Efficacy and safety of a new rifabutin-based triple therapy with vonoprazan for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective single-arm study. Hayakawa, Y; Hirata, Y; Koike, K; Niikura, R; Shichijo, S; Yamada, A, 2020)	0.56
"Ten-day rifabutin with amoxicillin and vonoprazan triple therapy appears to be effective and safe for refractory H pylori infections."	( Efficacy and safety of a new rifabutin-based triple therapy with vonoprazan for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective single-arm study. Hayakawa, Y; Hirata, Y; Koike, K; Niikura, R; Shichijo, S; Yamada, A, 2020)	0.56
" In addition to the typical adverse events associated with tyrosine kinases, the FGFR inhibitors appear to give rise to a number of adverse events affecting the skin."	( Dermatologic Adverse Events Associated with Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Overview, Prevention, and Management Guidelines. Abou-Alfa, G; Anadkat, MJ; Guindon, K; Kaffenberger, B; Lacouture, ME; Leventhal, J; Sibaud, V, 2021)	0.62
" Therefore, the results showed that tralopyril can induce adverse developmental effects on zebrafish embryos by disrupting the thyroid system and metabolism."	( Tralopyril induces developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) by disrupting the thyroid system and metabolism. Chen, X; Cheng, Y; Duan, M; Qian, L; Teng, M; Wang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, F; Zheng, J, 2020)	0.56
" Incidence rates (IRs; patients with events/100 patient-years [PY]; 95% CIs) of first-time occurrences were obtained for adverse events (AEs) of interest."	( Long-term safety of tofacitinib up to 9.5 years: a comprehensive integrated analysis of the rheumatoid arthritis clinical development programme. Biswas, P; Charles-Schoeman, C; Chen, C; Cohen, SB; Curtis, JR; Kwok, K; Lee, EB; Madsen, A; Mariette, X; Nash, P; Shapiro, A; Tanaka, Y; Wang, L; Winthrop, KL; Wollenhaupt, J, 2020)	0.56
" In contrast, the number of patients with serious adverse events (SAEs) or withdrawals due to AEs did not differ significantly among the 4 treatment options."	( Relative efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for treating psoriasis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2021)	0.62
" The severe adverse events caused by VEGF inhibitors might include immune-related ones; however, details of the mechanism have not been elucidated."	( Activation of inflammasomes by tyrosine kinase inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor: Implications for VEGFR TKIs-induced immune related adverse events. Hayashi, T; Ijiri, Y; Imano, H; Kato, R, 2021)	0.62
"Hepatic adverse reactions (ARs) were assessed by type and magnitude of liver test abnormalities, classified as (a) isolated aminotransferase elevations (alanine [ALT] or aspartate [AST], without significant alkaline phosphatase [ALP] or bilirubin elevations), or (b) mixed or cholestatic hepatotoxicity (increase in ALP with or without ALT/AST and bilirubin elevations, based on adjudication)."	( Pexidartinib Long-Term Hepatic Safety Profile in Patients with Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors. Baba, HA; Bauer, S; Choi, Y; Druta, M; Gelderblom, H; Healey, JH; Lewis, JH; Lin, CC; Pousa, AL; Shuster, DE; Stacchiotti, S; Tap, WD; van de Sande, M; Wagner, AJ; Wang, Q, 2021)	0.62
" The purpose of this study was to clarify the adverse events associated with vonoprazan compared to PPIs using a spontaneous reporting system database."	( Safety profile of vonoprazan compared with proton pump inhibitors: insight from a pharmacovigilance study. Hosohata, K; Inada, A; Iwanaga, K; Kambara, H; Nakatsuji, T; Niinomi, I; Oyama, S; Ueno, S; Wakabayashi, T, 2020)	0.56
" Dermatologic adverse events (dAEs) are common with ulixertinib, so management guidelines like those established for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi)-associated dAEs are needed."	( Characterization and management of ERK inhibitor associated dermatologic adverse events: analysis from a nonrandomized trial of ulixertinib for advanced cancers. Abida, W; Brownstein, S; Drilon, A; Gounder, MM; Groover, A; Harding, JJ; Hyman, DM; Janku, F; Lacouture, ME; Lezcano, C; Li, BT; Liu, D; Offin, M; Sullivan, RJ; Torrisi, JM; Varterasian, M; Welsch, D; Wu, J, 2021)	0.62
" In the PDGFRA D842V population, the most frequent adverse events were nausea (38 [68%] patients) and diarrhoea (37 [66%]), and cognitive effects occurred in 32 (57%) patients."	( Avapritinib in unresectable or metastatic PDGFRA D842V-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumours: Long-term efficacy and safety data from the NAVIGATOR phase I trial. Bauer, S; Cassier, PA; Chawla, SP; Eskens, FALM; George, S; Heinrich, MC; Jones, RL; Kang, YK; Mir, O; Roche, M; Rutkowski, P; Schöffski, P; Serrano, C; Tap, WD; von Mehren, M; Zhou, T, 2021)	0.62
" Only 1 adverse event was reported: mild rhinorrhea in a participant with moderate hepatic impairment."	( Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Atogepant in Adults With Hepatic Impairment: Results From an Open-Label, Phase 1 Trial. Boinpally, R; Borbridge, L; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Periclou, A, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse events were reported in 42/106 (39."	( Real-world efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ubrogepant. Arca, KN; Chiang, CC; Dodick, DW; Dunn, RB; Girardo, ME; Quillen, JK; Starling, AJ, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse event rates were higher than reported in clinical trials."	( Real-world efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ubrogepant. Arca, KN; Chiang, CC; Dodick, DW; Dunn, RB; Girardo, ME; Quillen, JK; Starling, AJ, 2021)	0.62
" We transformed the bis-aryl ketone structure of BBR to generate novel monocyclic amide-linked phenol derivatives that should possess uric acid excretion activity without adverse properties associated with BBR."	( Novel monocyclic amide-linked phenol derivatives without mitochondrial toxicity have potent uric acid-lowering activity. Ashizawa, N; Iwanaga, T; Kobashi, S; Matsumoto, K; Uda, J, 2021)	0.62
" No significant differences were noted in the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) after tofacitinib+MTX, mavrilimumab+MTX, or placebo+MTX."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and mavrilimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lee, YH; Sung, YK, 2021)	0.62
" The proportion of ubrogepant participants reporting a treatment-emergent adverse event was comparable across risk categories and similar to placebo."	( Safety and efficacy of ubrogepant in participants with major cardiovascular risk factors in two single-attack phase 3 randomized trials: ACHIEVE I and II. Blumenfeld, AM; Hutchinson, S; Lipton, RB; Lu, K; Severt, L; Silberstein, SD; Yu, SY, 2021)	0.62
" No evidence of increased treatment-emergent adverse events or cardiac system organ class adverse events with ≥2 major cardiovascular risk factors and no safety concerns were identified."	( Safety and efficacy of ubrogepant in participants with major cardiovascular risk factors in two single-attack phase 3 randomized trials: ACHIEVE I and II. Blumenfeld, AM; Hutchinson, S; Lipton, RB; Lu, K; Severt, L; Silberstein, SD; Yu, SY, 2021)	0.62
" Safety was assessed by adverse event monitoring, physical examinations, vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiograms and clinical laboratory tests."	( Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy with either vonoprazan or lansoprazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Bhatia, S; Chung, H; Huh, KY; Kim, YK; Lee, S; Nakaya, R; Takanami, Y; Yu, KS, 2022)	0.72
" Vonoprazan-containing quadruple therapy was safe and well tolerated."	( Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy with either vonoprazan or lansoprazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Bhatia, S; Chung, H; Huh, KY; Kim, YK; Lee, S; Nakaya, R; Takanami, Y; Yu, KS, 2022)	0.72
" Outcomes included sustained pain freedom and -relief 2-48 hours post-dose, and adverse events."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of rimegepant, ubrogepant, and lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine: a network meta-analysis. Coric, V; Croop, R; Dabirvaziri, P; Deighton, A; Harris, L; Johnston, K; L'Italien, G; Moren, J; Popoff, E; Thiry, A, 2022)	0.72
" However, lasmiditan 200 mg was also associated with higher rates of adverse events, particularly somnolence and dizziness."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of rimegepant, ubrogepant, and lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine: a network meta-analysis. Coric, V; Croop, R; Dabirvaziri, P; Deighton, A; Harris, L; Johnston, K; L'Italien, G; Moren, J; Popoff, E; Thiry, A, 2022)	0.72
" There was no consistent trend between BMI and adverse events."	( The impact of body mass index on efficacy and safety in the tofacitinib OCTAVE ulcerative colitis clinical programme. Farraye, FA; Judd, DT; Kotze, PG; Lawendy, N; Moore, GT; Mundayat, R; Qazi, T; Sharma, PP, 2021)	0.62
" through compassionate use who experienced an intraocular side effect not previously reported avapritinib."	( Preseptal cellulitis, intraocular inflammatory reaction and corneal persistent epithelial defect as side effects of avapritinib. Díaz Valle, D; García Caride, S; Marquina, G, 2021)	0.62
" Toxicities were graded using the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria and compared to published data on TOC-associated GI toxicity."	( Increased incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity in canine cancer patients treated with concurrent abdominal radiation therapy and toceranib phosphate. Boss, MK; LaRue, SM; Leary, D; Martin, T; Prebble, AR; Thamm, DH; Weishaar, KM, 2022)	0.72
" The most common (≥5%) adverse events with seltorexant were somnolence, headache, and nausea."	( Efficacy and Safety of Seltorexant as Adjunctive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder: A Phase 2b, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Adaptive Dose-Finding Study. Drevets, WC; Etropolski, M; Savitz, A; Thase, ME; Wajs, E; Xu, H; Zhang, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The primary efficacy end points were the percentage change from baseline in non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) level at the end of treatment and the adverse events recorded during treatment."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin 40 mg/ω-3 Fatty Acids 4 g Fixed-dose Combination and Atorvastatin 40 mg Monotherapy in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients who Poorly Respond to Atorvastatin 40 mg Monotherapy: An 8-week, Multicenter, Random Cha, DH; Cho, EJ; Chung, WJ; Hong, SJ; Hong, TJ; Jeon, DS; Jeon, DW; Jeong, JC; Jeong, JO; Jeong, MH; Kim, CJ; Kim, KS; Kim, MH; Kim, SK; Kwan, J; Lee, HY; Lee, JH; Lee, JW; Park, CG; Shin, J; Woo, JS; Youn, HJ, 2021)	0.62
"In patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia despite receiving statin treatment, a combination of high-dose atorvastatin/Ω-3 fatty acid was associated with a greater reduction of triglyceride and non-HDL-C compared with atorvastatin + placebo, without significant adverse events."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin 40 mg/ω-3 Fatty Acids 4 g Fixed-dose Combination and Atorvastatin 40 mg Monotherapy in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients who Poorly Respond to Atorvastatin 40 mg Monotherapy: An 8-week, Multicenter, Random Cha, DH; Cho, EJ; Chung, WJ; Hong, SJ; Hong, TJ; Jeon, DS; Jeon, DW; Jeong, JC; Jeong, JO; Jeong, MH; Kim, CJ; Kim, KS; Kim, MH; Kim, SK; Kwan, J; Lee, HY; Lee, JH; Lee, JW; Park, CG; Shin, J; Woo, JS; Youn, HJ, 2021)	0.62
" The safety profile is manageable and tolerability-guided dose adjustment is recommended to manage treatment-related adverse events without compromising efficacy."	( Avapritinib in unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor with PDGFRA exon 18 mutation: safety and efficacy. Henriques-Abreu, M; Serrano, C, 2021)	0.62
" At least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event occurred in 11 (84."	( Proof-of-concept study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of saroglitazar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Bainbridge, JD; Caldwell, SH; Chalasani, NP; deLemos, AS; Goldberg, DS; Levy, C; Mena, EA; Parmar, DV; Pyrsopoulos, N; Ravinuthala, R; Rossi, S; Shaikh, F; Sheikh, A; Vuppalanchi, R, 2022)	0.72
" Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) is an important part of monitoring adverse events (AEs)."	( Worldwide post-marketing safety surveillance experience with tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis. Danese, S; Jones, TV; Koram, N; Kwok, KK; Modesto, I; Ng, SC; Rubin, DT; Vermeire, S, 2022)	0.72
" Adverse events including hyperkalemia (K+ >5."	( Safety and efficacy of esaxerenone in Japanese hypertensive patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A retrospective study. Iwahana, T; Kato, H; Kobayashi, Y; Okada, S; Ono, R; Saito, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Incidence rates (unique patients with events/100 patient-years) for adverse events of special interest were calculated; ≤7."	( Safety and efficacy of tofacitinib for treatment of ulcerative colitis: final analysis of OCTAVE Open, an open-label, long-term extension study with up to 7.0 years of treatment. Damião, AOMC; Danese, S; Dotan, I; Guo, X; Hart, A; Judd, DT; Lawendy, N; Loftus, EV; Modesto, I; Panés, J; Sandborn, WJ; Su, C; Wang, W, 2022)	0.72
" In addition, a long-term safety (LTS) extension trial was completed where safety was assessed on the basis of incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Ubrogepant Is Safe and Efficacious in Participants Taking Concomitant Preventive Medication for Migraine: A Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Trials. Blumenfeld, AM; Butler, M; Dodick, DW; Knievel, K; Lai, H; Manack Adams, A; Severt, L, 2022)	0.72
" No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported."	( Ubrogepant Is Safe and Efficacious in Participants Taking Concomitant Preventive Medication for Migraine: A Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Trials. Blumenfeld, AM; Butler, M; Dodick, DW; Knievel, K; Lai, H; Manack Adams, A; Severt, L, 2022)	0.72
" Grade 3 or worse adverse events occurred in 185 (86%) of 215 itacitinib recipients and 178 (82%) of 216 placebo recipients, and most commonly included thrombocytopenia or platelet count decreased (78 [36%] vs 68 [31%]), neutropenia or neutrophil count decreased (49 [23%] vs 45 [21%]), anaemia (42 [20%] vs 26 [12%]), and hyperglycaemia (26 [12%] vs 28 [13%])."	( Efficacy and safety of itacitinib versus placebo in combination with corticosteroids for initial treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (GRAVITAS-301): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Abhyankar, S; Arbushites, M; Barbour, AM; Chacon, MJ; Chen, YB; Clausen, J; Deeren, D; Ghosh, M; Giebel, S; Kwon, M; Lakshminarayanan, M; Meyers, G; Morariu-Zamfir, R; Sanz, J; Schroeder, MA; Socié, G; Vaz, CP; Volodin, L; Zeiser, R, 2022)	0.72
" The most common ≥grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were hypertension (32."	( Antitumor activity and safety of camrelizumab plus famitinib in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: results from an open-label, multicenter phase 2 basket study. Gao, Y; Hu, W; Lou, G; Pan, M; Peng, J; Shi, H; Sun, R; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Wu, X; Xia, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Q; Zhou, X; Zhu, J, 2022)	0.72
" Tofacitinib, 10 mg was well-tolerated and was devoid of any serious adverse event."	( An Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib, A JAK Inhibitor in the Management of Hospitalized Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Study. Cs, G; Es, SS; M, G; Murugesan, H; Nasreen, HS; Ravi, S; Santhanam, S, 2022)	0.72
"05) in outcomes of adverse events between atogepant and placebo."	( The efficacy and safety of atogepant for the prophylactic treatment of migraine: evidence from randomized controlled trials. Dai, Q; Meng, J; Tao, X; Wang, W; Wang, Z; Yan, Z; Zhou, Q, 2022)	0.72
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were nausea, constipation, and upper respiratory infection."	( Atogepant for Migraine Prevention: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety. Balasundaram, MK; Singh, A, 2022)	0.72
" In addition, VPZ-based regimens have better tolerability and fewer adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan-based regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. An, H; He, Y; Huang, T; Jiang, Z; Li, S; Lin, H; Yang, C; Yuan, J, 2022)	0.72
" The most common treatment-related adverse events among patients treated with itacitinib plus epacadostat included fatigue, nausea, pyrexia, and vomiting, and for patients treated with itacitinib plus parsaclisib were fatigue, pyrexia, and diarrhea."	( Exploring the safety, effect on the tumor microenvironment, and efficacy of itacitinib in combination with epacadostat or parsaclisib in advanced solid tumors: a phase I study. Berlin, JD; Ding, K; Garrido-Laguna, I; Geschwindt, R; Leopold, L; LoRusso, PM; Luke, JJ; Mansfield, AS; Messersmith, WA; Naing, A; Nemunaitis, JJ; Powderly, JD; Sahebjam, S; Smith, M, 2022)	0.72
" This study investigated the anti-tumor effect, including overall survival, progression-free survival, and safety, which was evaluated based on the incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in Japanese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Doki, Y; Eguchi, H; Hirota, S; Kurokawa, Y; Makino, T; Motoori, M; Nakajima, K; Nishida, T; Omori, T; Saito, T; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, K; Teranishi, R; Yamamoto, K; Yamashita, K, 2022)	0.72
" Treatment-related adverse events were reported in all patients, with the most common being hand-foot syndrome (72."	( Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in Japanese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Doki, Y; Eguchi, H; Hirota, S; Kurokawa, Y; Makino, T; Motoori, M; Nakajima, K; Nishida, T; Omori, T; Saito, T; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, K; Teranishi, R; Yamamoto, K; Yamashita, K, 2022)	0.72
" Its residues may cause toxic effects to benthic aquatic fauna, thereby impacting ecosystem service functions of aquatic ecosystems."	( Species Sensitivity Distributions of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Fludioxonil-Spiked Sediment Toxicity Tests. Brock, TCM; Sun, J; Xiao, PF; Yin, XH; Zhang, K; Zhu, GN, 2022)	0.72
" We retrospectively analysed records (demographic and clinical information, haematology and biochemistry, adverse events) of patients prescribed generic tofacitinib from a single centre in Mumbai, India."	( Real-world evidence of the effectiveness and safety of generic tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a retrospective, single-centre analysis from Western India. Amin, S; Khenat, A; Malandkar, M; Phatak, S, 2022)	0.72
" This study examined the toxic effects and mechanisms of fludioxonil on the microalgal taxa Chlorella vulgaris."	( Toxic effects of fludioxonil on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, cell morphology, apoptosis, and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. Deng, J; Gong, L; Jiang, X; Jiao, Q; Liu, X; Qiao, Z; Wang, X; Yao, X; Zhang, F, 2022)	0.72
" Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were observed in 94% of patients, most commonly grade 1/2; 57% had TRAEs of at least grade 3; 81% remained on treatment at 6 months."	( Efficacy and safety of avapritinib in previously treated patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis. Alvarez-Twose, I; DeAngelo, DJ; Deininger, MW; Dimitrijević, S; Dybedal, I; Ehlert, K; Gotlib, J; Hermine, O; Lin, HM; Panse, J; Pettit, KM; Platzbecker, U; Radia, DH; Reiter, A; Rylova, SN; Schwaab, J; Vannucchi, AM, 2022)	0.72
" Incidence rates (events per 100 patient-years) for treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs were 126."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib in Canadian Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Primary Results From a Prospective Observational Study. Choquette, D; Galos, C; Gruben, D; Haraoui, B; Keystone, EC; Khraishi, M; Kinch, C; Lisnevskaia, L; Roy, P; Sampalis, JS; Teo, M; Vaillancourt, J; Woolcott, JC, 2023)	0.91
" Patients on sunitinib do require regular in-person appointments to monitor for adverse events (AEs)."	( Time trends for drug specific adverse events in patients on sunitinib; implications for remote monitoring. Fallah-Rad, N; Fleshner, L; Fleshner, N; Hersey, K; Nguyen, S; O'Halloran, S; Tiwari, R; Wise, J, 2022)	0.72
" Proportions and IRs (unique patients with events/100 patient-years) were calculated for adverse events (AEs) of special interest."	( Safety and efficacy of long-term tofacitinib treatment in East Asian patients with ulcerative colitis in OCTAVE Open. Arai, S; Hibi, T; Hisamatsu, T; Hoshi, M; Kim, HJ; Matsuoka, K; Shi, N; Tabira, J; Toyoizumi, S; Woo, JS; Ye, BD; Yuasa, H, 2022)	0.72
" The adverse effects (referring to skin rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache), mainly mild and did not cause quit of treatment, occurred in 14 patients (7."	( Eradication rate and safety of a "simplified rescue therapy": 14-day vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual regimen as rescue therapy on treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection previously failed in eradication: A real-world, retrospective clinical study in Ch Cheng, H; Gao, W; Li, Y; Teng, G; Wang, C; Xu, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Dual regimen composed of vonoprazan and amoxicillin for 14 days was effective and safe as rescue therapy in Helicobacter pylori infection treatment."	( Eradication rate and safety of a "simplified rescue therapy": 14-day vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual regimen as rescue therapy on treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection previously failed in eradication: A real-world, retrospective clinical study in Ch Cheng, H; Gao, W; Li, Y; Teng, G; Wang, C; Xu, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Proportions with adverse events [AEs] and serious AEs, and incidence rates [IRs; unique patients with events/100 patient-years] for deaths and AEs of special interest [AESI] were evaluated."	( Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: An Integrated Summary of up to 7.8 Years of Safety Data from the Global Clinical Programme. D'Haens, GR; Guo, X; Kulisek, N; Lawendy, N; Modesto, I; Mundayat, R; Ng, SC; Panaccione, R; Panés, J; Sandborn, WJ; Sands, BE; Su, C; Vranic, I, 2023)	0.91
" Despite a growing number of studies on its safety and efficacy, there is still a lack of clarity, especially in the pediatric population, in treatment considerations such as proper dosage, treatment duration, side-effect profile, and therapeutic strategies to guide clinicians."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for treatment of alopecia areata in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Barough, MS; Behrangi, E; Goodarzi, A; Hejazi, P; Khoramdad, M; Koltapeh, MP, 2022)	0.72
"5-15 mg daily (especially 5 mg twice daily) oral formulation or 2% topical solution can be regarded as a viable alternative or adjunct to the conventional treatment options for moderate to severe forms of alopecia areata in children owing to its acceptable efficacy and side-effect profile."	( Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for treatment of alopecia areata in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Barough, MS; Behrangi, E; Goodarzi, A; Hejazi, P; Khoramdad, M; Koltapeh, MP, 2022)	0.72
" Safety analysis included adverse events due to any cause, including infection or intolerance."	( Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of JAK Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Single-centre Study. Cañada Martínez, AJ; Fragío Gil, JJ; González Mazarío, R; González Puig, L; Grau García, E; Ivorra Cortés, J; Negueroles Albuixech, RM; Román Ivorra, JA, 2022)	0.72
" A total of 54 adverse events were recorded of which 18 were considered relevant."	( Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of JAK Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Single-centre Study. Cañada Martínez, AJ; Fragío Gil, JJ; González Mazarío, R; González Puig, L; Grau García, E; Ivorra Cortés, J; Negueroles Albuixech, RM; Román Ivorra, JA, 2022)	0.72
" However, some adverse events have been associated with vonoprazan for the treatment of acid-associated diseases."	( Adverse events of vonoprazan in the treatments of acid-related diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, D; Gong, H; Han, D; Liu, C; Liu, S; Zhu, X, 2023)	0.91
"electronic databases were retrieved to determine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vonoprazan for acid-associated diseases with any adverse effects and discontinuation."	( Adverse events of vonoprazan in the treatments of acid-related diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, D; Gong, H; Han, D; Liu, C; Liu, S; Zhu, X, 2023)	0.91
" Safety was evaluated based on the presence of adverse events (AEs) observed in patients who received at least one dose of tofacitinib."	( Safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in Korean adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post-marketing surveillance study. Jeon, JY; Jo, JY; Ju, JH; Lee, EB; Sung, YK; Yoo, HJ, 2023)	0.91
" The mechanisms involved in toxic action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids need further investigation."	( Evaluating and predicting the correlations of hepatic concentration and pyrrole-protein adduction with hepatotoxicity induced by retrorsine based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Lai, X; Li, J; Li, W; Li, X; Zheng, J; Zhou, M, 2023)	0.91
" Common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were anemia, decreased white blood cell count, increased blood bilirubin levels, and decreased neutrophil count."	( Efficacy and Safety of Avapritinib in Treating Unresectable or Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Phase I/II, Open-Label, Multicenter Study. Cai, S; Cao, H; Cui, Y; Deng, Y; Hu, J; Li, J; Qu, C; Ren, W; Shen, K; Shen, L; Tao, K; Wang, W; Wu, X; Yang, J; Yu, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, W; Zheng, Z; Zhou, Y, 2023)	0.91
" In addition, there was no significant difference in adverse events (p = 0."	( Effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan-based regimens compared with those of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based regimens as first-line agents for Helicobacter pylori: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hu, W; Sun, Y; Yue, L, 2023)	0.91
" Furthermore, VPZ-based therapy showed comparable tolerability and incidence of adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan-based regimens compared with those of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based regimens as first-line agents for Helicobacter pylori: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hu, W; Sun, Y; Yue, L, 2023)	0.91
" At six, twelve, and twenty-four months, adverse events and treatment cessation were also recorded."	( Effectiveness and safety profile of tofacitinib and baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a 24-month real-life prospective study in Southern-Italy. Bertolini, N; Caso, F; Costa, L; Del Puente, A; Luppino, JME; Mostacciuolo, E; Passavanti, S; Peluso, R; Santelli, F; Scarpa, R; Tasso, M, 2022)	0.72
"Sunitinib therapy for patients with imatinib-resistant and/or intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) often causes severe adverse events (AEs) that lead to treatment discontinuation."	( Sunitinib therapy for imatinib-resistant and/or intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: comparison of safety and efficacy between standard and reduced dosage regimens. Hirota, S; Ishikawa, T; Kanda, T; Matsumoto, Y; Saijo, Y; Sasaki, K, 2023)	0.91
" Proportion of patients achieving target lipid levels (LDL-C ≤ 100 mg/dL and non-HDL-C ≤ 120 mg/dL) and adverse events were assessed at 24 weeks."	( Short-term safety and efficacy of escalating doses of atorvastatin for dyslipidemia in children with predialysis chronic kidney disease stage 2-5. Bagga, A; Hari, P; Khandelwal, P; Lakshmy, R; Ramesh, PL; Sinha, A, 2023)	0.91
" No differences were noted in adverse events due to atorvastatin 10 or 20 mg/day."	( Short-term safety and efficacy of escalating doses of atorvastatin for dyslipidemia in children with predialysis chronic kidney disease stage 2-5. Bagga, A; Hari, P; Khandelwal, P; Lakshmy, R; Ramesh, PL; Sinha, A, 2023)	0.91
"Atorvastatin (10-20 mg/day) administered for 24 weeks was safe and effectively reduced LDL-C and non-HDL-C in children with CKD stages 2-5."	( Short-term safety and efficacy of escalating doses of atorvastatin for dyslipidemia in children with predialysis chronic kidney disease stage 2-5. Bagga, A; Hari, P; Khandelwal, P; Lakshmy, R; Ramesh, PL; Sinha, A, 2023)	0.91
" Secondary outcomes included adverse events, dropout rate, and subgroup analysis."	( Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ding, YM; Han, ZX; Ji, R; Li, YY; Lin, BS; Zhang, WL, 2023)	0.91
" The adverse effects of vonoprazan/amoxicillin dual therapy were lower than those of triple therapy (21."	( Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ding, YM; Han, ZX; Ji, R; Li, YY; Lin, BS; Zhang, WL, 2023)	0.91
" No serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported."	( Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy and safety of on-demand vonoprazan versus placebo for non-erosive reflux disease. Armstrong, D; Fass, R; Harris, T; Hunt, B; Leifke, E; Sharma, P; Smith, N; Vaezi, M; Yadlapati, R, 2023)	0.91
" Treatment-emergent adverse events for safety were also evaluated."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Single-Dose Saroglitazar Magnesium in Subjects with Hepatic Impairment. Hayes, H; Lawitz, E; Momin, T; Parmar, D; Patel, H; Shaikh, F; Swint, K, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Plasma concentration-time data in man after oral dosing of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, tolmetin sodium, were fitted to both linear and nonlinear pharmacokinetic equations."	( Linear and nonlinear assessment of tolmetin pharmacokinetics. Ayres, JW; Sakmar, E; Wagner, JG; Weidler, DJ, 1977)	0.26
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of unchanged meropenem were determined by using the HPLC data."	( Pharmacokinetics of meropenem (ICI 194,660) and its metabolite (ICI 213,689) in healthy subjects and in patients with renal impairment. Borsa-Lebas, F; Etienne, I; Fillastre, JP; Humbert, G; Leroy, A, 1992)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic data were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 1 year."	( The pharmacokinetics of ramipril in a group of ten elderly patients with essential hypertension. Hosie, J; Meredith, P, 1991)	0.28
" The pharmacokinetics of pirprofen in these children were compared to the pharmacokinetic parameter values obtained in healthy volunteers and in elderly arthritic adults receiving 400 mg of pirprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of pirprofen in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Dubois, JP; Gioud-Paquet, M; Hallé, F; Lenoir, G; Marfil, F; Prieur, AM; Sioufi, A, )	0.13
" The rate of absorption of K and formation of PHK, as determined by Cmax and Tmax values, was significantly slower following the im doses."	( Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac and p-hydroxyketorolac following oral and intramuscular administration of ketorolac tromethamine. Bynum, L; Jung, D; Ling, TL; Mroszczak, EJ; Sevelius, H; Wu, A, 1989)	0.28
" and the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug and the metabolite was calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics of pirprofen and its pyrrol metabolite in elderly patients. Balladore, GE; Bichisao, E; Ferrario, P; Ferrero, M; Fraschini, F; Maresca, V; Monza, GC; Rossi, FA; Zecca, L, 1988)	0.27
" The pharmacokinetic behavior of prinomide and its primary plasma metabolite displayed nonlinear characteristics, while those of free prinomide and its metabolite were dose proportional."	( Prinomide tromethamine pharmacokinetics: mutually dependent saturable and competitive protein binding between prinomide and its own metabolite. Egger, H; Honc, F; Iannucci, R; Kachmar, D; Kochak, GM; Pai, S; Perrino, P, 1993)	0.29
" In addition, mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-infinity) and half-life (t1/2) were 27."	( Effect of age and gender on pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in humans. Bron, NJ; Gibson, DM; Hounslow, NJ; Richens, A; Sedman, AJ; Whitfield, LR, 1996)	0.29
"The pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, a potent investigational inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, were studied in 16 normolipidemic subjects after administration of 40 mg daily for 15 days in the morning or evening."	( Pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin after administration to normocholesterolemic subjects in the morning and evening. Cilla, DD; Gibson, DM; Sedman, AJ; Whitfield, LR, 1996)	0.29
" In conclusion, isolated mesenteric arteries from obese Zucker rats do not show relevant structural changes, and the pharmacodynamic behaviour of such vessels appears to be the same as that of control preparations."	( Pharmacodynamic behaviour of isolated resistance vessels obtained from hypertensive-diabetic rats. Kam, KL; Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA, 1996)	0.29
" Plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) ranged from 14."	( Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of single-dose atorvastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, in healthy subjects. Cilla, DD; Posvar, EL; Radulovic, LL; Sedman, AJ; Whitfield, LR, 1996)	0.29
" Atorvastatin peak concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values increased more than proportionally with atorvastatin dose after both single and multiple drug doses."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, in healthy subjects. Cilla, DD; Gibson, DM; Posvar, EL; Sedman, AJ; Whitfield, LR, 1996)	0.29
" No statistically significant differences were found between the first dose and steady state or between groups for any plasma pharmacokinetic parameters-including the highest observed plasma concentrations, plasma concentrations at 6 hours after dosing (C6h), terminal half-life, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), area under the first moment of the curve, plasma clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, and accumulation ratios-on the basis of either AUC or C6h."	( Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in patients with liver disease. Birmingham, B; Lasseter, K; Thyrum, PT; Yeh, C, 1997)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic parameters and lipid responses were analyzed by regression on calculated creatinine clearance."	( Renal dysfunction does not alter the pharmacokinetics or LDL-cholesterol reduction of atorvastatin. Abel, RB; Horton, M; Moore, S; Olson, SC; Stern, RH; Yang, BB, 1997)	0.3
" Steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters (based on an enzyme inhibition assay) and lipid responses were compared."	( Cimetidine does not alter atorvastatin pharmacokinetics or LDL-cholesterol reduction. Gibson, DM; Stern, RH; Whitfield, LR, 1998)	0.3
" For terfenadine, atorvastatin coadministration produced an 8% decrease in maximum concentration (Cmax), a 35% increase in area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-infinity), and a 2% decrease in elimination half-life (t1/2)."	( Atorvastatin does not produce a clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of terfenadine. Olson, SC; Smithers, JA; Stern, RH, 1998)	0.3
" The focus was on the pharmacokinetics, the metabolism, the dose dependency and gender differences of the pharmacokinetic parameters of BM 113 and its main desacetylated metabolite, BM 212."	( Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bioavailability of the new anti-allergic drug BM 113. Part III: Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, dose dependency and gender effect after single or repeated administration to human healthy volunteers. Buzas, A; Duchêne, P; Houin, G; Ladure, P; Laneury, JP; Merour, JY; Ollivier, R; Tran, G, 1999)	0.3
" In general, the pharmacokinetic consequences of hyperlipidemia include increased total drug concentrations and decreased unbound fraction in plasma."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in untreated and atorvastatin-treated hyperlipidemic rats. Eliot, LA; Jamali, F, 1999)	0.3
" Indeed, pharmacokinetic interactions (e."	( New insights into the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of statins. Baetta, R; Bellosta, S; Bernini, F; Corsini, A; Fumagalli, R; Paoletti, R, 1999)	0.3
" Steady-state atorvastatin pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated on the last day of each dosing period."	( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Abel, RB; Hounslow, NJ; MacMahon, M; Olson, SC; Stern, RH; Yang, BB, 2000)	0.31
" Pharmacokinetic parameters [AUC(0-infinity), AUC(0-tn), peak concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (tmax), and half-life (t1/2)] were determined for parent statins and major metabolites."	( Itraconazole alters the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin to a greater extent than either cerivastatin or pravastatin. Agarwal, V; Lasseter, KC; Lettieri, J; Mazzu, AL; Shamblen, EC; Sundaresen, P, 2000)	0.31
" However, itraconazole dramatically increased atorvastatin AUC (150%), Cmax (38%), and t1/2 (30%) (P < ."	( Itraconazole alters the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin to a greater extent than either cerivastatin or pravastatin. Agarwal, V; Lasseter, KC; Lettieri, J; Mazzu, AL; Shamblen, EC; Sundaresen, P, 2000)	0.31
"2% lower mean Cmax and 29."	( Effect of food on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Abel, R; Gibson, DM; Sedman, AJ; Stern, RH; Whitfield, LR, )	0.13
" Pharmacokinetic assessment was performed on days 14 and 28."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between nelfinavir and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and simvastatin. Hsyu, PH; Kerr, BM; Lewis, RH; Lillibridge, JH; Schultz-Smith, MD, 2001)	0.31
"The dose-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters of DBM-819 were evaluated after intravenous (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and oral (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) administrations of the drug to rats."	( Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of a new reversible proton pump inhibitor, DBM-819, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: hepatic first-pass effect. Kim, EJ; Kim, SO; Lee, DH; Lee, MG; Lim, H, 2001)	0.31
" The elimination half-life (t1/2) was consistent across species and independent of bodyweight."	( Pharmacokinetics and interspecies scaling of a novel VEGF receptor inhibitor, SU5416. Antonian, L; Cropp, G; Hannah, A; Shawver, LK; Sukbuntherng, J; Wagner, GS, 2001)	0.31
"The authors assessed the mutual influence of the immunosuppressant everolimus (Certican) and the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and pravastatin when coadministered based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measures."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors when coadministered with everolimus. Berthier, S; Hartmann, S; Hubert, M; Kovarik, JM; Rordorf, C; Rosenkranz, B; Schneider, W, 2002)	0.31
"Fifty-six subjects completed both pharmacokinetic study days."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between protease inhibitors and statins in HIV seronegative volunteers: ACTG Study A5047. Aberg, JA; Alston, B; Aweeka, F; Blaschke, T; Fang, F; Fichtenbaum, CJ; Gerber, JG; Kosel, B; Rosenkranz, SL; Segal, Y, 2002)	0.31
"The goal of this study was to develop a preliminary pharmacodynamic model for dosing of the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin using neural network analysis."	( A preliminary evaluation of neural network analysis for pharmacodynamic modeling of the dosing of the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin. Moon, A; Smith, T, 2002)	0.31
" However, the potential bilateral pharmacokinetic interaction between atorvastatin and CsA in renal transplant recipients has not previously been examined."	( Bilateral pharmacokinetic interaction between cyclosporine A and atorvastatin in renal transplant recipients. Asberg, A; Bergan, S; Fjeldså, E; Hartmann, A; Holdaas, H, 2001)	0.31
" It is proposed that the net balance of antiangiogenic drug-mediated pharmacodynamic actions will determine how drug disposition in tumors may be affected."	( Pharmacodynamic-mediated effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 on the tumor disposition of temozolomide in subcutaneous and intracerebral glioma xenograft models. Gallo, JM; Guo, P; Li, S; Ma, J; Reed, K, 2003)	0.32
" Atorvastatin has been shown to reduce efficiently the levels of atherogenic lipoproteins also in patients with renal failure, but pharmacokinetic data in haemodialysis patients are lacking."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its metabolites after single and multiple dosing in hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis patients. Dratwa, M; Lameire, NH; Lins, RL; Matthys, KE; Peeters, PC; Stolear, JC; Verpooten, GA, 2003)	0.32
" Plasma levels of atorvastatin and its active and inactive metabolites were measured by LC/MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max), t(max), AUC, t(1/2)) compared between single and multiple dosing, and between the different doses."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its metabolites after single and multiple dosing in hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis patients. Dratwa, M; Lameire, NH; Lins, RL; Matthys, KE; Peeters, PC; Stolear, JC; Verpooten, GA, 2003)	0.32
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug atorvastatin acid were not significantly different after single and 2-week multiple dosing; they showed dose-proportionality between the 40 and 80 mg dose, and were comparable to findings in healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its metabolites after single and multiple dosing in hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis patients. Dratwa, M; Lameire, NH; Lins, RL; Matthys, KE; Peeters, PC; Stolear, JC; Verpooten, GA, 2003)	0.32
"Dose-independent pharmacokinetic parameters of KR-60436, a new proton pump inhibitor, were evaluated after intravenous (i."	( Dose-independent pharmacokinetics of a new reversible proton pump inhibitor, KR-60436, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: gastrointestinal first-pass effect. Bae, SK; Kim, EJ; Kim, SO; Kim, YG; Lee, DH; Lee, MG; Lim, H; Yu, SY, 2003)	0.32
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected during the first and second course, and analyzed by liquid-chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometric detection."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of brostallicin (PNU-166196), a new DNA minor-groove binder, administered intravenously every 3 weeks to adult patients with metastatic cancer. Antonellini, A; De Jonge, MJ; Fiorentini, F; Fowst, C; Hartman, CM; Mantel, M; Planting, AS; Sparreboom, A; Stoter, G; Ten Tije, AJ; Tursi, J; Van Der Gaast, A; Verweij, J, 2003)	0.32
" The total plasma clearance of atorvastatin acid is 625 mL/min and the half-life is about 7 hours."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Lennernäs, H, 2003)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic studies of SU5416 have been performed in humans; however, there have been no studies of its penetration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of SU5416 after intravenous administration in nonhuman primates. Aleksic, A; Berg, S; Blaney, S; Dauser, R; McGuffey, L; Renbarger, J, 2004)	0.32
" Disappearance of SU5416 from the plasma was best described by a one-compartment model with a half-life of 39+/-2."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of SU5416 after intravenous administration in nonhuman primates. Aleksic, A; Berg, S; Blaney, S; Dauser, R; McGuffey, L; Renbarger, J, 2004)	0.32
" A 10-point pharmacokinetic profile was performed prior to and on day 14 after commencement of atorvastatin therapy."	( Effect of atorvastatin on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in liver transplant recipients. Allen, J; Butler, M; Kubler, PA; Lynch, SV; Pillans, PI; Taylor, PJ, 2004)	0.32
" No significant change was evident for other cyclosporine pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Effect of atorvastatin on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in liver transplant recipients. Allen, J; Butler, M; Kubler, PA; Lynch, SV; Pillans, PI; Taylor, PJ, 2004)	0.32
" To study the pharmacokinetic behavior of brostallicin, serial blood samples were obtained before and after the first and last infusions during cycle 1, and in cycles 2 and 4 in a limited number of patients."	( A phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of brostallicin (PNU-166196A), a novel DNA minor groove binder, in adult patients with advanced solid tumors. Berlin, JD; Campbell, A; Fiorentini, F; Fontana, E; Fowst, C; Hande, KR; Howard, M; Lankford, O; Lockhart, AC; Paty, VA; Roth, BJ; Rothenberg, ML; Vreeland, F, 2004)	0.32
" No significant changes were detected in any pravastatin pharmacokinetic parameter examined when pravastatin was taken with GFJ."	( Effects of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and pravastatin in Japanese. Fukazawa, I; Uchida, E; Uchida, N; Yasuhara, H, 2004)	0.32
" This study examines the pharmacological characteristics of SJG-136 and provides the first report of pharmacokinetic properties for this agent."	( Preliminary pharmacokinetic and bioanalytical studies of SJG-136 (NSC 694501), a sequence-selective pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer DNA-cross-linking agent. Cooper, P; Howard, PW; Jenkins, TC; Loadman, PM; Shnyder, S; Taylor, JP; Thurston, DE; Wilkinson, GP, 2004)	0.32
" The potent antiinflammatory, antifungal, and anti-HIV-1 activity for a number of previously reported manzamines is also presented in addition to the pharmacokinetic studies of manzamine A (5)."	( New manzamine alkaloids from an Indo-Pacific sponge. Pharmacokinetics, oral availability, and the significant activity of several manzamines against HIV-I, AIDS opportunistic infections, and inflammatory diseases. Charman, WN; Hamann, MT; Hammond, NL; Mayer, AM; McIntosh, KA; Peng, J; Wahyuono, S; Yousaf, M, 2004)	0.32
" In the 15 subjects completing the study, no pharmacokinetic interaction was detected between atorvastatin and ximelagatran for all parameters investigated, including melagatran (the active form of ximelagatran) area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration, atorvastatin acid AUC, and AUC of active 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors."	( No pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction between atorvastatin and the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran. Dorani, H; Eriksson, UG; Kalies, I; Ohlsson, L; Sarich, TC; Schützer, KM; Wall, U, 2004)	0.32
" Studies compared the multiple-dose pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin when coadministered with 4 inhibitors of cytochrome P450-3A4 isoenzymes in healthy subjects."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin when coadministered with cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Jacobson, TA, 2004)	0.32
" There were no significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of SU5416 given with paclitaxel."	( A phase IB clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 and paclitaxel in recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck. Cooney, MM; Dowlati, A; Hoppel, CL; Ingalls, ST; Ivy, P; Ksenich, P; Lavertu, P; Makar, V; McCrae, K; McPeak, RJ; Overmoyer, B; Remick, S; Tserng, KY, 2005)	0.33
"Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs throughout the world, because of their excellent cholesterol-lowering effect and overall safety profile except for rare but fatal rhabdomyolysis arising either directly or indirectly by pharmacokinetic interactions with certain other drugs."	( A literature search on pharmacokinetic drug interactions of statins and analysis of how such interactions are reflected in package inserts in Japan. Hasegawa, R; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Miyake, S; Saito, M; Urano, T, 2005)	0.33
"A MEDLINE search from 1996 to June 2004 was carried out to identify studies on clinical pharmacokinetic drug interactions for the five statins."	( A literature search on pharmacokinetic drug interactions of statins and analysis of how such interactions are reflected in package inserts in Japan. Hasegawa, R; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Miyake, S; Saito, M; Urano, T, 2005)	0.33
"All pharmacokinetic drug interactions including relevant quantitative data for potential effectors and details on mechanisms of interaction need to be given in package inserts as soon as the information becomes available, to ensure safe and proper use of the drugs concerned."	( A literature search on pharmacokinetic drug interactions of statins and analysis of how such interactions are reflected in package inserts in Japan. Hasegawa, R; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Miyake, S; Saito, M; Urano, T, 2005)	0.33
" No statistically significant changes in any of the calculated pharmacokinetic variables [AUC(0-12), maximum whole blood concentration (C(max)), whole blood concentration 12 h post dose (C(12)), time to C(max) (t(max)), terminal half-life (t(1/2))] for cyclosporine or the two metabolites, AM1 and AM9, upon atorvastatin treatment were observed."	( Atorvastatin does not affect the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. Asberg, A; Christensen, H; Hartmann, A; Hermann, M; Holdaas, H; Reubsaet, JL, 2005)	0.33
" This was the first clinical study in humans to demonstrate the plasma pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamic effectiveness of the PNP inhibitor, forodesine; however, regrowth of leukemia cells in the blood and marrow after course 1 suggested that a different therapeutic schedule should be considered for future studies."	( A proof-of-principle pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical study with purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor immucillin-H (BCX-1777, forodesine). Ayres, M; Bantia, S; Davisson, J; Du, M; Faderl, S; Gandhi, V; Harman, L; Kantarjian, H; Kilpatrick, JM; Plunkett, W; Thomas, D; Wierda, WG, 2005)	0.33
" The present validated method was successfully used for pharmacokinetic studies of atorvastatin in human subjects."	( A simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of atorvastatin in human plasma with UV detection and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Foroutan, SM; Khoddam, A; Shafaati, A; Zarghi, A, 2005)	0.33
" Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used as a pharmacodynamic assessment tool."	( A Phase I study of the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 (semaxanib) in solid tumours, incorporating dynamic contrast MR pharmacodynamic end points. Aherne, W; Hannah, A; Hardcastle, A; Hayes, C; Judson, I; Kakkar, AJ; Leach, M; O'Donnell, A; Padhani, A; Phillips, S; Raynaud, F; Scurr, M; Trigo, JM; Workman, P, 2005)	0.33
" This method is robust and suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic studies."	( Liquid chromatographic assay of ivermectin in human plasma for application to clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Fleckenstein, L; Kitzman, D; Wei, SY, 2006)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic data indicate that potentially active target plasma concentrations > or = 50 ng/mL can be achieved with moderate interpatient variability and a long half-life compatible with a single daily dosing."	( Safety, pharmacokinetic, and antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with cancer. Armand, JP; Bello, C; Brega, N; Delbaldo, C; Deprimo, S; Faivre, S; Lassau, N; Lozahic, S; Massimini, G; Raymond, E; Robert, C; Scigalla, P; Vera, K, 2006)	0.33
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained immediately before and up to 72 hours after administration during each of the 4 treatment periods."	( An open-label, crossover study of the pharmacokinetics of Insoluble Drug Delivery-MicroParticle fenofibrate in combination with atorvastatin, simvastatin, and extended-release niacin in healthy volunteers. Braun, SL; Guha-Ray, DK; Penn, R; Rains, KT; Sawyers, WG; Williams, RX, 2006)	0.33
" SU11248 exposure increased slightly in the fed compared with the fasted state (ratios of fed/fasted geometric least square means: Cmax 104%, AUC0-last and AUC0-infinity both 112%)."	( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib malate (SU11248), a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: results from a phase I study in healthy subjects. Bello, CL; Klamerus, KJ; Mount, J; Sherman, L; Smeraglia, J; Verkh, L; Zhou, J, 2006)	0.33
" ATV was administered orally (10 mg/kg) and intravenously (2 mg/kg) to rats in the absence and presence of a single intravenous dose of RIF (20 mg/kg), and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between control and RIF-treatment groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its hydroxy metabolites in rats and the effects of concomitant rifampicin single doses: relevance of first-pass effect from hepatic uptake transporters, and intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Benet, LZ; Huang, Y; Lau, YY; Okochi, H, 2006)	0.33
"A predictive population pharmacokinetic model was developed for a novel cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor CS-706, using data from 130 subjects in 3 phase 1 trials after single or multiple doses of CS-706 (2- to 800-mg doses daily, up to 14 days) and validated using sparse data from a separate study."	( Development of a predictive pharmacokinetic model for a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Gao, Y; Kastrissios, H; Kawabata, K; Moberly, J; Rohatagi, S; Salazar, D; Takahashi, M; Truitt, K; Wada, R, 2006)	0.33
"This phase II study evaluated the combination of semaxanib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2, and thalidomide in patients with metastatic melanoma to assess the efficacy, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of the combination."	( A phase II, pharmacokinetic, and biologic study of semaxanib and thalidomide in patients with metastatic melanoma. Beeram, M; Berg, K; de Bono, JS; Eckhart, SG; Forero, L; Hammond, LA; Izbicka, E; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Simmons, P; Takimoto, C; Tolcher, AW; Weiss, GR, 2007)	0.34
" The method was used for pharmacokinetic study of ATV and HATV."	( Validated HPLC-MS-MS method for simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and 2-hydroxyatorvastatin in human plasma-pharmacokinetic study. Barrett, B; Borek-Dohalský, V; Huclová, J; Jelínek, I; Nemec, B; Ulc, I, 2006)	0.33
" The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) ranged from 12 to 30 h, and the oral clearance was approximately 70 L/h."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of tanaproget, a nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist, in healthy women. Bapst, JL; Ermer, JC; Ferron, GM; Foss, D; Orczyk, GP, 2006)	0.33
"Tanaproget was safe and well tolerated, decreased cervical mucus scores and had a pharmacokinetic profile acceptable for use as a once-daily oral contraceptive."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of tanaproget, a nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist, in healthy women. Bapst, JL; Ermer, JC; Ferron, GM; Foss, D; Orczyk, GP, 2006)	0.33
" Following treatment with an intraperitoneal injection, fibres were excised and cells retrieved for pharmacodynamic analysis using the comet assay/fluorescence microscopy."	( The hollow fibre model--facilitating anti-cancer pre-clinical pharmacodynamics and improving animal welfare. Bibby, MC; Cooper, PA; Shnyder, SD; Suggitt, M, 2006)	0.33
"The objectives of these analyses were to (1) develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for a novel COX-2 inhibitor (CS-706) using data from primarily Caucasian subjects, (2) predict responses in subpopulations of interest (including Japanese subjects), and (3) correlate pharmacodynamic parameters to safety outcomes."	( Predictive population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for a novel COX-2 inhibitor. Gao, Y; Kastrissios, H; Moberly, J; Rohatagi, S; Salazar, D; Takahashi, M; Truitt, K; Wada, R; Xu, J; Yoshihara, K; Zhang, N, 2007)	0.34
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem were determined in rats after oral administration of diltiazem (15 mg x kg(-1)) to rats pretreated with atorvastatin (0."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem, in rats. Chang, KS; Choi, DH; Choi, JS; Hong, SP, 2007)	0.34
" Extensive pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on days 1 and 14 of course 1, and on day 14 of courses 2 and 3 to evaluate sunitinib and the SU12662 metabolite."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib administered daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week off period. Baum, C; Bello, CL; Britten, CD; Hecht, JR; Kabbinavar, F; Li, J; Slamon, D, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic studies revealed no significant accumulation of sunitinib or SU12662."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib administered daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week off period. Baum, C; Bello, CL; Britten, CD; Hecht, JR; Kabbinavar, F; Li, J; Slamon, D, 2008)	0.35
" Further evaluation of PQD-A4 and PQD-BE in single and multiple pharmacokinetic (PK) studies as well as corresponding toxicity studies was conducted with rats."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and hydrolysis of oral pyrroloquinazolinediamines administered in single and multiple doses in rats. Anova, L; Kozar, MP; Li, Q; Lin, AJ; Milhous, WK; Shearer, TW; Si, Y; Skillman, DR; Smith, KS; Xie, LH; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.34
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil were measured after an oral (9 mg/kg) or intravenous (3 mg/kg) administration of verapamil to rats in the presence and absence of atorvastatin."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of verapamil in rats. Chang, KS; Choi, DH; Choi, JS; Han, HK; Hong, SP, 2008)	0.35
" Potential pharmacodynamic interaction between drugs should be investigated as part of developing single-pill combinations."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamic interaction of coadministered amlodipine and atorvastatin in 1660 patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia: the respond trial. Dykstra, G; Gillen, D; Harvey, P; Herfert, O; Jukema, JW; Preston, RA; Sun, F, 2007)	0.34
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil and one of its metabolites, norverapamil, were compared after oral administration of verapamil (60 mg) in the presence or absence of oral atorvastatin (40 mg) in 12 healthy volunteers."	( Drug interaction between oral atorvastatin and verapamil in healthy subjects: effects of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil. Choi, DH; Choi, JS; Shin, WG, 2008)	0.35
" Furthermore, the terminal half-life predictions for all three compounds were within 2-fold of the observed values."	( Prediction of the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, cerivastatin, and indomethacin using kinetic models applied to isolated rat hepatocytes. Gardiner, P; Paine, SW; Parker, AJ; Riley, RJ; Webborn, PJ, 2008)	0.35
"The preformulation, solubilization and pharmacokinetic evaluation of antalarmin, a stress inhibitor, have been conducted."	( Preformulation and pharmacokinetic studies on antalarmin: a novel stress inhibitor. Glaze, E; Jain, P; Karlage, KL; Machatha, SG; Mogalian, E; Myrdal, PB; Narazaki, R; Sanghvi, R; Tabibi, SE; Yalkowsky, SH, 2009)	0.35
" The method was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of yonkenafil in rat after sublingual, oral and intravenous administration."	( A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay to quantify yonkenafil in rat plasma with application to preclinical pharmacokinetics studies. Fawcett, JP; Gu, J; Jiang, Y; Kong, J; Tang, Y; Teng, G; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2008)	0.35
" The method is simple, economical and sufficient for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on Z24."	( An HPLC-ultraviolet detection method for the determination of Z24 in mouse whole blood and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Li, J; Ruan, J; Sheng, L; Zhang, Z, 2008)	0.35
"This study investigated the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and modulators of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)."	( Pharmacokinetics of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in combination with digoxin, atorvastatin, and ketoconazole in healthy subjects: the role of P-glycoprotein in the disposition of aliskiren. Bizot, MN; Camenisch, G; Dieterich, HA; Dole, WP; Howard, D; Reynolds, C; Schuetz, H; Vaidyanathan, S; Yeh, CM, 2008)	0.35
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin were measured after intravenous (2 mg/kg) and intragastric (10 mg/kg) administration of atorvastatin in rats, which were pretreated with cyclosporin A (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or itraconazole (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)."	( Effects of cyclosporin A and itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in rats. Chen, XJ; Dong, J; Sun, YB; Wang, GJ; Wang, L; Yu, X, 2008)	0.35
"Elimination half-life was higher than that of SAHA (5."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Kendine 91, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in mice. Cossío, FP; Otaegui, D; Pedraz, JL; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Zubia, A, 2009)	0.35
"This preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation prompts us to believe that it is worth pursuing further development of Kendine 91 as an anticancer drug."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Kendine 91, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in mice. Cossío, FP; Otaegui, D; Pedraz, JL; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Zubia, A, 2009)	0.35
" The mechanisms responsible for the tissue-selective activity of SARMs are not fully understood, and the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships are poorly described."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LGD-3303 [9-chloro-2-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-pyrrolo-[3,2-f]quinolin-7(6H)-one], an orally available nonsteroidal-selective androgen receptor modulator. Chang, WY; Chen, Y; Hill, R; Lee, KJ; Lee, YH; López, FJ; Meglasson, MD; O'Brien, Z; Rix, P; Vajda, EG, 2009)	0.35
" The lack of a clinically meaningful effect of high-dose atorvastatin on the pharmacodynamic response to prasugrel after the loading or maintenance dose indicates that no dosage adjustment should be necessary in patients receiving these drugs concomitantly."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel and clopidogrel in healthy subjects. Brandt, JT; Ernest, CS; Farid, NA; Jakubowski, JA; Konkoy, CS; Li, YG; Payne, CD; Salazar, DE; Small, DS; Winters, KJ, 2008)	0.35
"ABCB1 haplotypes were determined in 534 healthy Finnish volunteers, of whom 24 participated in a pharmacokinetic study on simvastatin and atorvastatin."	( ABCB1 haplotypes differentially affect the pharmacokinetics of the acid and lactone forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin. Keskitalo, JE; Kurkinen, KJ; Neuvoneni, PJ; Niemi, M, 2008)	0.35
" Plasma concentration-time data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as relationships between these parameters and gender, race, age, weight, creatinine clearance, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, and tumor type."	( A population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of sunitinib malate (SU11248) and its primary metabolite (SU12662) in healthy volunteers and oncology patients. Amantea, M; Bello, CL; Houk, BE; Kang, D, 2009)	0.35
" Human efficacious dose was predicted based on projected human pharmacokinetic parameters and exposure at efficacious doses in the mouse efficacy models."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of brivanib (BMS-540215), a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor and its alanine ester prodrug brivanib alaninate. Bhide, R; D'Arienzo, C; Fargnoli, J; Kamath, AV; Marathe, PH; Zhang, Y, 2009)	0.35
" The objective of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model that describes the plasma concentration-time profiles under LLOQ of HPLC using urinary and biliary excretion data."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling and prediction of plasma pyrrole-imidazole polyamide concentration in rats using simultaneous urinary and biliary excretion data. Aoyama, T; Fukasawa, A; Fukuda, N; Matsumoto, Y; Nagase, H; Nagashima, T; Sugiyama, H; Ueno, T; Yokoe, T, 2009)	0.35
"421C>A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was determined in 660 healthy Finnish volunteers, of whom 32 participated in a pharmacokinetic crossover study involving the administration of 20 mg atorvastatin and rosuvastatin."	( ABCG2 polymorphism markedly affects the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Fromm, MF; Keskitalo, JE; Kurkinen, KJ; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M; Zolk, O, 2009)	0.35
"To identify pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions between tipranavir-ritonavir (TPV/r) and rosuvastatin and atorvastatin, we conducted two prospective, open-label, single-arm, two-period studies."	( Differential effects of tipranavir plus ritonavir on atorvastatin or rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Barditch-Crovo, P; Cameron, DW; Elgadi, MM; Flexner, C; Fuchs, E; la Porte, CJ; Lee, LS; Pham, PA; Piliero, PJ; Sabo, JP; van Heeswijk, R, 2009)	0.35
" Post marketing study commitments have been made upon (accelerated) approval such as additional pharmacokinetic studies in patients with renal- or hepatic impairment, in children, additional interactions studies and studies on the relative or absolute bioavailability."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; van Erp, NP, 2009)	0.35
"Pharmacodynamic data were available for 639 patients of whom 443 had pharmacokinetic data."	( Relationship between exposure to sunitinib and efficacy and tolerability endpoints in patients with cancer: results of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic meta-analysis. Bello, CL; Demetri, GD; Houk, BE; Motzer, RJ; Poland, B; Rosen, LS, 2010)	0.36
"290 Koreans were genotyped for SLCO1B1, ABCB1 and CYP3A5, and 28 subjects were selected for the pharmacokinetic study."	( Effects of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and 2-hydroxyatorvastatin in healthy Korean subjects. Chung, JY; Jang, SB; Lee, MG; Lee, YJ; Lim, LA, 2010)	0.36
" In lactone forms, no significant pharmacokinetic difference was found among the genotypes."	( Effects of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and 2-hydroxyatorvastatin in healthy Korean subjects. Chung, JY; Jang, SB; Lee, MG; Lee, YJ; Lim, LA, 2010)	0.36
"This study shows that the SLCO1B1*15 allele may be associated with the individual difference in the AUC0-infinity of atorvastatin whereas the ABCB1 TT-TT diplotype may affect the elimination half-life of the drug in the Korean population."	( Effects of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and 2-hydroxyatorvastatin in healthy Korean subjects. Chung, JY; Jang, SB; Lee, MG; Lee, YJ; Lim, LA, 2010)	0.36
" There were no other notable pharmacokinetic differences and sunitinib was well tolerated."	( Pharmacokinetics of sunitinib malate in subjects with hepatic impairment. Bello, CL; Garrett, M; Ryan, B; Sherman, L; Smeraglia, J; Toh, M, 2010)	0.36
" The authors determined whether a pharmacokinetic interaction occurs between sotrastaurin and everolimus, both of which are substrates and inhibitors of CYP3A4."	( Sotrastaurin and everolimus pharmacokinetics after single-dose coadministration. Antunes, MC; Bartlett, M; Kovarik, JM; Marbach, P; Rordorf, C; van Marle, S; Winter, S, 2010)	0.36
" Clinical and pharmacokinetic data were collected to Day 5 after each treatment."	( Sotrastaurin and everolimus pharmacokinetics after single-dose coadministration. Antunes, MC; Bartlett, M; Kovarik, JM; Marbach, P; Rordorf, C; van Marle, S; Winter, S, 2010)	0.36
" Through integration of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic data and antitumor efficacy in nude mice, human pharmacokinetics and efficacious doses were projected for BMS-690514."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of BMS-690514, a potent inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR2. Christopher, L; Gavai, A; Marathe, P; Rodrigues, D; Sleczka, B; Tang, Y; Wong, T; Zhang, H, 2010)	0.36
" Here we performed pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of NPI-0052 using human MM xenograft murine model."	( Pharmacodynamic and efficacy studies of the novel proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 (marizomib) in a human plasmacytoma xenograft murine model. Anderson, KC; Chauhan, D; Lloyd, GK; Palladino, MA; Potts, BC; Singh, AV, 2010)	0.36
" How sotrastaurin and tacrolimus could be partnered in an immunosuppressive regimen will need to be established in the context of controlled clinical trials in organ transplant patients, taking into account the pharmacokinetic interaction on tacrolimus and the potentially enhanced immunosuppressive activity of this drug combination."	( Sotrastaurin and tacrolimus coadministration: effects on pharmacokinetics and biomarker responses. Grenet, O; Kovarik, JM; Seiberling, M; Sfikas, N; Slade, A; Stitah, S; Straube, F; Vitaliti, A; Winter, S, 2010)	0.36
" The absence of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction between fenofibrate and atorvastatin is consistent with recent results showing no difference in safety profile between atorvastatin as monotherapy or in combination with fenofibric acid."	( Effect of gemfibrozil and fenofibrate on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Abel, R; Alvey, C; Bullen, W; Hartman, D; Porcari, AR; Whitfield, LR, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) assessments were performed."	( Decreased exposure to sunitinib due to concomitant administration of ifosfamide: results of a phase I and pharmacokinetic study on the combination of sunitinib and ifosfamide in patients with advanced solid malignancies. den Hollander, M; Gelderblom, H; Hamberg, P; Loos, WJ; Sleijfer, S; Steeghs, N; Tascilar, M; van de Biessen, D; Verweij, J, 2010)	0.36
" The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human male volunteers."	( Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, amlodipine, ramipril and benazepril in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Inamadugu, JK; Karra, VK; Mullangi, R; Pilli, NR; Rao, JV; Vaidya, JR, 2011)	0.37
" The median time to reach the maximal plasma concentration of brivanib was 1 h, geometric mean maximal plasma concentration was 6146 ng/ml, mean terminal half-life was 13."	( Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of oral brivanib in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Fischer, BS; Gan, J; Ganapathi, R; Gong, J; Iyer, R; Masson, E; Mekhail, T; Patricia, D; Pursley, J; Williams, D, 2010)	0.36
"A single-agent dose-escalating phase I and pharmacokinetic study on TSU-68, a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was performed to determine the safety profile, maximum-tolerated dose for Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors and to define the recommended dose of phase II studies."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of TSU-68, a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, by twice daily oral administration between meals in patients with advanced solid tumors. Arioka, H; Murakami, H; Shimoyama, T; Tamura, T; Ueda, Y; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, N, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, including C(max), T(max), t((1/2)), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity)), were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence evaluation of two different atorvastatin calcium 10-mg tablets: A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy fasted Chinese adult males. Jia, JY; Li, GX; Liu, GY; Liu, YM; Lu, C; Pu, HH; Wang, W; Weng, LP; Xu, RJ; Yu, C; Zhang, MQ, 2010)	0.36
"7] kg/m(2)) were included in the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence analyses; 1 subject was excluded from these analyses because he mistakenly received the same formulation in both periods."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence evaluation of two different atorvastatin calcium 10-mg tablets: A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy fasted Chinese adult males. Jia, JY; Li, GX; Liu, GY; Liu, YM; Lu, C; Pu, HH; Wang, W; Weng, LP; Xu, RJ; Yu, C; Zhang, MQ, 2010)	0.36
" The elimination half-life of sotrastaurin averages 6 hours."	( Overview of sotrastaurin clinical pharmacokinetics. Kovarik, JM; Slade, A, 2010)	0.36
" Our objectives were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for atorvastatin acid and its lactone metabolite and to identify patient characteristics that are predictive of variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug and its lactone metabolite."	( Development of a population pharmacokinetic model for atorvastatin acid and its lactone metabolite. Akhlaghi, F; Asberg, A; Hermann, M; Narwal, R; Rosenbaum, SE, 2010)	0.36
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin acid (mean [relative standard error {RSE}]) for a subject with mean covariate values were the first-order absorption rate constant (3."	( Development of a population pharmacokinetic model for atorvastatin acid and its lactone metabolite. Akhlaghi, F; Asberg, A; Hermann, M; Narwal, R; Rosenbaum, SE, 2010)	0.36
" A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model estimating oral clearance, between-patient variability in oral clearance, central volume of distribution, and residual variability in combination with historical estimates of first-order absorption rate constant, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution adequately described the sparse MPA data."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid coadministered with either tasocitinib (CP-690,550) or tacrolimus in adult renal allograft recipients. Busque, S; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Melcher, M; Tafti, B, 2010)	0.36
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic effects of co-administration of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin with aleglitazar."	( Aleglitazar, a balanced PPARα/γ agonist, has no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction with high-dose atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Foley-Comer, AJ; Jordan, P; Russell-Yarde, F; Young, AM, 2011)	0.37
" Plasma concentrations of each drug were measured and pharmacokinetic parameters determined on day 7 in each period."	( Aleglitazar, a balanced PPARα/γ agonist, has no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction with high-dose atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Foley-Comer, AJ; Jordan, P; Russell-Yarde, F; Young, AM, 2011)	0.37
"Co-administration of aleglitazar with a statin does not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of either drug."	( Aleglitazar, a balanced PPARα/γ agonist, has no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction with high-dose atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Foley-Comer, AJ; Jordan, P; Russell-Yarde, F; Young, AM, 2011)	0.37
" In a pharmacokinetic study, 13 de novo liver transplant recipients received 100 mg sotrastaurin once between days 1-3 and once between days 5-8 post-transplant."	( Sotrastaurin single-dose pharmacokinetics in de novo liver transplant recipients. Cillo, U; Gatlik, E; Kovarik, JM; Meiser, K; Neuhaus, P; Slade, A; Stitah, S; Weber, M, 2011)	0.37
" Tacrolimus exposure was significantly increased by sotrastaurin in the initial weeks posttransplant by a pharmacokinetic interaction."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.37
" The physicochemical properties of MNP001, including solubility, pKa, Log P, plasma protein binding and plasma/blood partitioning, were determined to support the pharmacokinetic characterization."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of MNP001, a piperidine analog of 3-carbamyl compounds. Fox, LM; Wang, D; Xia, B, 2011)	0.37
" In co-treated group, the pharmacokinetic parameters like clearance (27."	( Influence of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in normal and diabetic rats. Gade, J; Neerati, P, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic studies established that potentially active concentrations of CCT128930 could be achieved in human tumor xenografts."	( Preclinical pharmacology, antitumor activity, and development of pharmacodynamic markers for the novel, potent AKT inhibitor CCT128930. Aherne, W; Caldwell, JJ; Collins, I; de Haven Brandon, A; Eccles, SA; Eve, PD; Garrett, MD; Heaton, SP; Henley, A; Hunter, LJ; Pickard, L; Raynaud, FI; Ruddle, R; Thompson, NT; Valenti, M; Vijayaraghavan, G; Walton, MI; Workman, P; Yap, TA, 2011)	0.37
" We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic of TSU-68 when used with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients."	( A phase I pharmacokinetic study of TSU-68 (a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, FGF and PDFG) in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Jung, M; Kim, HR; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2012)	0.38
" Serial pharmacokinetic sampling of atorvastatin was conducted on day 7 of atorvastatin dosing and day 70 of lamotrigine + atorvastatin dosing or day 28 of phenytoin + atorvastatin dosing."	( Effects of lamotrigine and phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy volunteers. Alexander, S; Bullman, J; Fleck, R; Messenheimer, J; Miller, J; Nicholls, A; Van Landingham, K; Vuong, A, 2011)	0.37
" Blood pressure (BP), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and pharmacokinetic (PK) results were correlated with response to sunitinib."	( Sunitinib in urothelial cancer: clinical, pharmacokinetic, and immunohistochemical study of predictors of response. Al-Ahmadie, H; Bajorin, DF; Flaherty, AM; Gallagher, DJ; Garcia-Grossman, I; Gerst, SR; Gounder, SK; Milowsky, MI; Ostrovnaya, I; Regazzi, A; Riches, J; Trout, A, 2011)	0.37
" The purpose of this study was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic effects, and preliminary antitumor activity of sunitinib in a pediatric population."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group study. Adamson, PC; Ahern, CH; Baruchel, S; Blaney, SM; Dubois, SG; Glade-Bender, J; Grier, HE; Ingle, AM; Ivy, P; Reid, JM; Shusterman, S; Wu, B, 2011)	0.37
" Herein, we report on the structure-activity relationship and the detailed physicochemical and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of sotrastaurin (AEB071, 1), a novel maleimide-based PKC inhibitor currently in phase II clinical trials."	( Structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetic studies of sotrastaurin (AEB071), a promising novel medicine for prevention of graft rejection and treatment of psoriasis. Albert, R; Beerli, C; Cooke, NG; Cottens, S; Evenou, JP; Faller, B; Jean, C; Sedrani, R; von Matt, P; Wagner, J; Weckbecker, G; Wiegand, H; Zenke, G, 2011)	0.37
" Blood samples were collected pre-dose and up to 72 hours post-dose in each period for determination of plasma atorvastatin/metformin concentrations and calculation of the respective pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin extended release versus concurrent administration of individual formulations: a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, bioequivale Arora, R; Dey, S; Kandhwal, K; Monif, T; Nazarudheen, S; Rao, S; Reyar, S; Singh, MK; Thudi, NR, 2011)	0.37
" Prospective, two-phase, randomized-sequence, open-label pharmacokinetic study."	( Effect of cytochrome P450 3A5 genotype on atorvastatin pharmacokinetics and its interaction with clarithromycin. Frye, RF; Johnson, JA; Langaee, T; Pacanowski, MA; Pauly, DF; Shin, J, 2011)	0.37
" VEGF levels and sunitinib pharmacokinetic (PK) data were assessed at the same time points."	( Pharmacodynamic study using FLT PET/CT in patients with renal cell cancer and other solid malignancies treated with sunitinib malate. Carmichael, L; Chao, B; Eickhoff, J; Harrison, M; Ivy, P; Jeraj, R; Kolesar, J; Liu, G; Marnocha, R; Perlman, S; Simoncic, U; Vanderhoek, M; Wilding, G, 2011)	0.37
"Sixteen patients (8 patients on 4/2 schedule and 8 patients on 2/1 schedule) completed all three planned FLT PET/CT scans and were evaluable for pharmacodynamic imaging evaluation."	( Pharmacodynamic study using FLT PET/CT in patients with renal cell cancer and other solid malignancies treated with sunitinib malate. Carmichael, L; Chao, B; Eickhoff, J; Harrison, M; Ivy, P; Jeraj, R; Kolesar, J; Liu, G; Marnocha, R; Perlman, S; Simoncic, U; Vanderhoek, M; Wilding, G, 2011)	0.37
" This phase I trial evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and drug-drug interactions of bexarotene with chemotherapy and a lipid-lowering agent (atorvastatin or fenofibrate)."	( The effect of bexarotene on atorvastatin pharmacokinetics: results from a phase I trial of bexarotene plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Chu, Q; Dunlop, D; Hao, D; Jacobs, CD; Leighl, N; Lopez-Anaya, A; Middleton, G; Ramlau, R; Rodon, J; Rowinsky, EK; Takimoto, CH; Wakelee, HA; Zatloukal, P, 2012)	0.38
" Plasma levels of sunitinib and an active metabolite, SU12662, were measured, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated."	( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a sunitinib powder formulation in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study. Adamson, PC; Ahern, CH; Baruchel, S; Blaney, SM; DuBois, SG; Glade-Bender, J; Ingle, AM; Ivy, P; Reid, JM; Shusterman, S, 2012)	0.38
"The pharmacokinetic profile of sunitinib appears similar between a powder formulation and published data using capsules."	( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a sunitinib powder formulation in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study. Adamson, PC; Ahern, CH; Baruchel, S; Blaney, SM; DuBois, SG; Glade-Bender, J; Ingle, AM; Ivy, P; Reid, JM; Shusterman, S, 2012)	0.38
" It is concluded that AZD5363 is a potent inhibitor of AKT with pharmacodynamic activity in vivo, has potential to treat a range of solid and hematologic tumors as monotherapy or a combinatorial agent, and has potential for personalized medicine based on the genetic status of PIK3CA, PTEN, and RAS."	( Preclinical pharmacology of AZD5363, an inhibitor of AKT: pharmacodynamics, antitumor activity, and correlation of monotherapy activity with genetic background. Chresta, CC; Cosulich, S; Crafter, C; Cross, D; Davies, BR; Dudley, P; Gao, B; Greenwood, H; Ji, Q; Lane, C; Li, J; Luke, R; Maynard, J; Ogilvie, D; Page, K; Pass, M; Ricketts, SA; Watson, R; Yates, J; Yu, DH; Zhang, J, 2012)	0.38
" The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans."	( Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and niacin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Gajula, R; Inamadugu, JK; Mullangi, R; Pilli, NR; Ponneri, V; Ravi, VB, 2012)	0.38
"The pharmacokinetic properties of three pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides of similar size and Py-Im content but different shape were studied in the mouse."	( Pharmacokinetics of Py-Im polyamides depend on architecture: cyclic versus linear. Dervan, PB; Hargrove, AE; Raskatov, JA; So, AY, 2012)	0.38
"To elucidate the impact of genetic variations in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib, we carried out a pharmacogenetic study in a clinical setting and pharmacokinetic analysis using Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/1b(-/-) and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2(-/-) mice."	( Impact of genetic variation in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) on sunitinib pharmacokinetics. Fukudo, M; Inui, K; Kamba, T; Katsura, T; Mizuno, T; Nakamura, E; Ogawa, O; Terada, T, 2012)	0.38
" Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling was employed to determine the population pharmacokinetic estimates for atorvastatin acid and atorvastatin lactone."	( Diabetes mellitus reduces the clearance of atorvastatin lactone: results of a population pharmacokinetic analysis in renal transplant recipients and in vitro studies using human liver microsomes. Akhlaghi, F; Dostalek, M; Gohh, RY; Macwan, JS; Paryani, KR; Sam, WJ, 2012)	0.38
" The optimal population pharmacokinetic model for atorvastatin acid and atorvastatin lactone consisted of a two- and one-compartment model, respectively, with interconversion between atorvastatin acid and atorvastatin lactone."	( Diabetes mellitus reduces the clearance of atorvastatin lactone: results of a population pharmacokinetic analysis in renal transplant recipients and in vitro studies using human liver microsomes. Akhlaghi, F; Dostalek, M; Gohh, RY; Macwan, JS; Paryani, KR; Sam, WJ, 2012)	0.38
"The clinical candidate AT13148 is a novel oral multi-AGC kinase inhibitor with potent pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity, which shows a distinct mechanism of action from other AKT inhibitors."	( AT13148 is a novel, oral multi-AGC kinase inhibitor with potent pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity. Davies, TG; de Haven Brandon, AK; Eccles, SA; Eve, PD; Feltell, RE; Garrett, MD; Grimshaw, KM; Heaton, SP; Heinzmann, K; Jones, PS; Lyons, JF; Martins, V; Raynaud, FI; Reule, M; Te Poele, RH; Thompson, NT; Valenti, MR; Walton, MI; Woodhead, SJ; Workman, P; Yap, TA; Zetterlund, A, 2012)	0.38
"The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference formulations were as follows: the values of C(max) for AT were (10."	( [Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of atorvastatin calcium tablets in healthy male Chinese volunteers]. Chen, XY; Guo, LX; Shen, Y; Zhang, YF; Zhong, DF, 2012)	0.38
" In this study, two hairpin polyamides with demonstrated activity against androgen receptor signaling in cell culture were administered to mice to characterize their pharmacokinetic properties."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides in mice. Dervan, PB; Li, BC; Nickols, NG; Phillips, JW; Synold, TW; Wu, J; Xi, B; Yang, F; Yen, Y, 2012)	0.38
" The biodistribution data were analyzed by both non-compartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic models."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides in mice. Dervan, PB; Li, BC; Nickols, NG; Phillips, JW; Synold, TW; Wu, J; Xi, B; Yang, F; Yen, Y, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of CLZ (6 mg/kg, twice daily) were determined in male Wistar rats after 7 days co-administration with ATV (5 mg/kg, once daily) in order to assess the interaction potential between CLZ and ATV on chronic treatment."	( Drug-drug interaction study to assess the effects of atorvastatin co-administration on pharmacokinetics and anti-thrombotic properties of cilostazol in male Wistar rats. Arla, R; Rajak, S; Varanasi, KV; Vats, R; Veeraraghvan, S, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacodynamic monitoring offers a unique tool to evaluate the biologic effects of immunosuppressive drugs."	( Pharmacodynamic analysis of tofacitinib and basiliximab in kidney allograft recipients. Baan, CC; Chan, G; Kho, MM; Mol, WM; Quaedackers, ME; Vafadari, R; Weimar, W, 2012)	0.38
" To enhance the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of this compound, we conducted chemical modifications into its N-5 side chain and conversion of the chemically modified compounds into their salts."	( Design and synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine HER2/EGFR dual inhibitors: improvement of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles for potent in vivo anti-tumor efficacy. Banno, H; Ikeda, Y; Ishikawa, T; Kamiguchi, H; Kamiyama, K; Kawakita, Y; Miki, H; Miwa, K; Ohta, Y; Seto, M; Tamura, T; Tanaka, T; Yusa, T, 2012)	0.38
" The mean elimination half-life ranged from 40 to 61 h across dose groups."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the histamine H3 receptor antagonist, ABT-288, in healthy young adults and elderly volunteers. Dutta, S; Florian, H; Haig, G; Locke, C; Othman, AA; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.39
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of ATV were determined in Wistar rats after per-oral pre-treatment with CLZ for 7 days in order to assess the interaction potential between ATV and CLZ."	( Effect of multidose cilostazol on pharmacokinetic and lipid profile of atorvastatin in male Wistar rats. Arla, R; Murthy, AN; Rajak, S; Varanasi, KV; Vats, R; Veeraraghavan, S, 2012)	0.38
"To evaluate γ-H2AX foci as a pharmacodynamic marker for DNA damage induced by DNA interstrand cross-linking drugs."	( γ-H2AX foci formation as a pharmacodynamic marker of DNA damage produced by DNA cross-linking agents: results from 2 phase I clinical trials of SJG-136 (SG2000). Clingen, PH; Hartley, JA; Hochhauser, D; Jodrell, D; Mellinas-Gomez, M; Meyer, T; Puzanov, I; Spanswick, VJ; Wu, J, 2013)	0.39
" An increased γ-H2AX response was observed during the second cycle consistent with a cumulative pharmacodynamic effect."	( γ-H2AX foci formation as a pharmacodynamic marker of DNA damage produced by DNA cross-linking agents: results from 2 phase I clinical trials of SJG-136 (SG2000). Clingen, PH; Hartley, JA; Hochhauser, D; Jodrell, D; Mellinas-Gomez, M; Meyer, T; Puzanov, I; Spanswick, VJ; Wu, J, 2013)	0.39
"This is the first use of γ-H2AX as a pharmacodynamic response to a DNA cross-linking agent in a clinical trial setting."	( γ-H2AX foci formation as a pharmacodynamic marker of DNA damage produced by DNA cross-linking agents: results from 2 phase I clinical trials of SJG-136 (SG2000). Clingen, PH; Hartley, JA; Hochhauser, D; Jodrell, D; Mellinas-Gomez, M; Meyer, T; Puzanov, I; Spanswick, VJ; Wu, J, 2013)	0.39
" To this end, we built pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models that describe the relationship of the concentrations of TAK-441 plasma to the responses of Gli1 mRNA in the tumor (target) and skin (surrogate) and to tumor growth inhibition in mice bearing xenografts of human pancreatic tumors (PAN-04)."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of hedgehog inhibitor TAK-441 for the inhibition of Gli1 messenger RNA expression and antitumor efficacy in xenografted tumor model mice. Asahi, S; Kogame, A; Kondo, T; Miyamoto, M; Prakash, S; Shibata, S; Shyu, WC; Tagawa, Y; Tohyama, K; Tojo, H, 2013)	0.39
" In conclusion, this study suggests that OATP1B1 phenotype is more important than CYP3A4 and MDR1 phenotypes for the individual pharmacokinetic variability of atorvastatin."	( Impact of OATP1B1, MDR1, and CYP3A4 expression in liver and intestine on interpatient pharmacokinetic variability of atorvastatin in obese subjects. Andersson, TB; Asberg, A; Bremer, S; Christensen, H; Hjelmesæth, J; Jakobsen, GS; Molden, E; Sandbu, R; Skottheim, IB; Ulvestad, M, 2013)	0.39
"The objectives of this study were to determine if ABCB1 polymorphisms are associated with interindividual variability in sitagliptin pharmacokinetics and if atorvastatin alters the pharmacokinetic disposition of sitagliptin in healthy volunteers."	( Effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms and atorvastatin on sitagliptin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Aquilante, CL; Kosmiski, LA; Predhomme, JA; Sidhom, MS; Wempe, MF, 2013)	0.39
" A 24-h pharmacokinetic study followed each sitagliptin dose, and the study phases were separated by a 14-day washout period."	( Effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms and atorvastatin on sitagliptin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Aquilante, CL; Kosmiski, LA; Predhomme, JA; Sidhom, MS; Wempe, MF, 2013)	0.39
"Sitagliptin pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ significantly between ABCB1 CGC/CGC, CGC/TTT, and TTT/TTT diplotype groups during the monotherapy phase."	( Effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms and atorvastatin on sitagliptin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Aquilante, CL; Kosmiski, LA; Predhomme, JA; Sidhom, MS; Wempe, MF, 2013)	0.39
"The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of high-dose atorvastatin on the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of double-dose clopidogrel in statin-naive patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and high-on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) while on standard-dose clopidogrel before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)."	( High-dose atorvastatin on the pharmacodynamic effects of double-dose clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: The ACHIDO (Atorvastatin and Clopidogrel HIgh DOse in stable patients with residual high platelet activity) study. Abbate, R; Angiolillo, DJ; Bellandi, F; Giusti, B; Leoncini, M; Maioli, M; Marcucci, R; Toso, A, 2013)	0.39
" The optimized method demonstrated good performance in terms of specificity, LLOQ, linearity, recovery, precision and accuracy, and was successfully applied to quantify WM-5 in mouse plasma to support the pharmacokinetic study."	( Optimization of on-line solid phase extraction and HPLC conditions using response surface methodology for determination of WM-5 in mouse plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Han, GF; Liu, KN; Liu, L; Lu, YX; Sun, L; Wang, QM; Wen, YB; Wu, M; Yin, Z, 2013)	0.39
" Recently developed pharmacokinetic models could explain this phenomenon."	( Impact of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) gene dosage on plasma pharmacokinetics and brain accumulation of dasatinib, sorafenib, and sunitinib. Beijnen, JH; de Vries, N; Schinkel, AH; Sparidans, RW; Tang, SC; Wagenaar, E, 2013)	0.39
" In patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) while on standard-dose clopidogrel, high-dose atorvastatin enhances the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of double-dose clopidogrel."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of adjunctive high dose atorvastatin on double dose clopidogrel in patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity depending on diabetes mellitus status. Abbate, R; Angiolillo, DJ; Bellandi, F; Giusti, B; Leoncini, M; Maioli, M; Marcucci, R; Toso, A, 2014)	0.4
", OTX008 achieved plasma Cmax of 14."	( Pharmacokinetics and antineoplastic activity of galectin-1-targeting OTX008 in combination with sunitinib. Bonezzi, K; Borsotti, P; Cvitkovic, E; D'Incalci, M; Frapolli, R; Giavazzi, R; Noel, K; Sala, F; Taraboletti, G; Ubezio, P; Zangarini, M; Zucchetti, M, 2013)	0.39
" Terminal phase half-life (t1/2 ) increased with severity of renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib, a janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with impaired renal function and end-stage renal disease. Boy, M; Chan, G; Chow, V; Krishnaswami, S; Wang, C, 2014)	0.4
" The pharmacokinetic profile and various biomarkers were evaluated during the first cycle."	( Phase I study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of famitinib. Chang, C; Chen, X; Jiang, H; Lou, D; Qin, Q; Wang, J; Zhang, W; Zhong, D; Zhou, A, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic studies revealed no significant accumulation of famitinib or its major metabolite, M3."	( Phase I study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of famitinib. Chang, C; Chen, X; Jiang, H; Lou, D; Qin, Q; Wang, J; Zhang, W; Zhong, D; Zhou, A, 2013)	0.39
" In this paper, the pharmacokinetic characteristics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) and drug-drug interactions of the approved TKIs are reviewed."	( [Clinical pharmacokinetics of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors]. Ding, JF; Zhong, DF, 2013)	0.39
" ¹⁸FDG-PET may be a useful pharmacodynamic marker of SU5416 bioactivity but requires additional development."	( A phase I dose escalation and pharmacodynamic study of SU5416 (semaxanib) combined with weekly cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bekaii-Saab, T; Clinton, SK; Grever, MR; Kraut, EH; Martin, LK; Monk, P; Serna, D, 2013)	0.39
"Although organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-mediated hepatic uptake is generally conserved between rodents and humans at a gross pharmacokinetic level, the presence of three major hepatic OATPs with broad overlap in substrate and inhibitor affinity, and absence of rodent-human orthologs preclude clinical translation of single-gene knockout/knockin findings."	( Utility of Oatp1a/1b-knockout and OATP1B1/3-humanized mice in the study of OATP-mediated pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution: case studies with pravastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and carboxydichlorofluorescein. Bao, JQ; Fallon, JK; Higgins, JW; Ke, AB; Manro, JR; Smith, PC; Zamek-Gliszczynski, MJ, 2014)	0.4
"Coamorphous ATC-NIC has improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties as compared to ATC."	( Coamorphous atorvastatin calcium to improve its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Ghavimi, H; Hamishekar, H; Jouyban, A; Shayanfar, A, 2013)	0.39
" The peak plasma concentration, Tmax and apparent clearance of 2-hydroxyatorvastatin (CL/Fm) were significantly different between subjects with the CYP3A41G/1G genotype and the wild-type."	( The effect of CYP3A4*1G allele on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in Chinese Han patients with coronary heart disease. He, BX; Qiu, J; Shi, L; Zeng, XH; Zhao, SJ, 2014)	0.4
" A population pharmacokinetic model using non-linear mixed-effects modeling software NONMEM was built, which included the phenotype tests as covariate."	( Predictive value of CYP3A and ABCB1 phenotyping probes for the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib: the ClearSun study. Balakrishnar, B; Bennink, RJ; Daali, Y; Eechoute, K; Gurney, H; Huitema, AD; Kam, BL; Kloth, JS; Klümpen, HJ; Mathijssen, RH; Samer, CF; Schellens, JH; Wong, M; Yu, H; Zwinderman, AH, 2014)	0.4
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental model."	( Effects of silymarin on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in diabetic rats. Alizadeh-Fanalou, S; Amniattalab, A; Hassani-Dizaj, S; Malekinejad, H; Rezabakhsh, A; Rokhsartalab-Azar, S, 2014)	0.4
" We verified if the pharmacodynamic effects of CYP3A4-metabolized statins (atorvastatin) and non-CYP3A4-metabolized statins (pitavastatin) differ in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with DAPT."	( Pharmacodynamic comparison of pitavastatin versus atorvastatin on platelet reactivity in patients with coronary artery disease treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. Franzoni, F; Gaudio, C; Greco, C; Marazzi, G; Pelliccia, F; Polacco, M; Rosano, G; Speziale, G; Spoletini, I; Vitale, C, 2014)	0.4
" Due to the long half-life of bevacizumab, we expected VEGF ligand suppression through D42, but instead observed a complete rebound in total/free VEGF levels by D42."	( A phase I pharmacodynamic trial of sequential sunitinib with bevacizumab in patients with renal cell carcinoma and other advanced solid malignancies. Binger, KA; Bruce, JY; Carmichael, L; Eickhoff, J; Hammers, H; Heideman, JL; Jeraj, R; Johnston, SA; Kolesar, JM; Liu, G; Perlman, SB; Stein, MN, 2014)	0.4
" Aim of this study was to verify if atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have different pharmacodynamic effects also when platelet reactivity while on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is normal at baseline."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin in coronary artery disease patients with normal platelet reactivity while on dual antiplatelet therapy--the PEARL randomized cross-over study. Franzoni, F; Gaudio, C; Greco, C; Marazzi, G; Pelliccia, F; Polacco, M; Rosano, G; Speziale, G; Spoletini, I; Vitale, C, 2014)	0.4
" No difference of EVL Cmax or Tmax was found after atorvastatin coadministration."	( Effects of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of everolimus among kidney transplant recipients. Avihingsanon, Y; Chancharoenthana, W; Praditpornsilpa, K; Somparn, P; Townamchai, N; Vadcharavivad, S; Wanitchanont, A, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, a pharmacokinetic (PK) study was performed to determine safety and feasibility of sunitinib dosing based on PK levels."	( Pharmacokinetically guided sunitinib dosing: a feasibility study in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; Cirkel, GA; de Jonge, MJ; Gadellaa-van Hooijdonk, CG; Haanen, JB; Huitema, AD; Kloth, JS; Lankheet, NA; Lolkema, MP; Mathijssen, RH; Schellens, JH; Sleijfer, S; Steeghs, N; Voest, EE, 2014)	0.4
" The corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters of systemic clearance and volume of distribution at steady-state of sunitinib were significantly larger in analbuminemic rats (2."	( Contribution of plasma proteins, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, to pharmacokinetics of a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, in analbuminemic rats. Hasegawa, T; Hisada, T; Matsuura, K; Nomura, H; Saito, H; Toyama, Y; Tsukiyama, I; Ueyama, J, 2014)	0.4
" Notably, plasma evacetrapib concentrations were mostly undetectable, and all pharmacodynamic biomarkers (HDL-C and LDL-C levels and CETP mass and activity) returned to baseline after a 4- to 6-week washout."	( Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with atorvastatin in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Krueger, KA; Morisaki, Y; Ruotolo, G; Takeuchi, M; Teramoto, T, 2014)	0.4
"The aim of this study was the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters, biomarkers, clinical outcome, and imaging parameters in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with FOLFIRI plus sunitinib."	( FOLFIRI and sunitinib as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases--a CESAR phase II study including pharmacokinetic, biomarker, and imaging data. Büchert, M; Burkholder, I; Jaehde, U; Kanefendt, F; Kuhlmann, J; Moritz, B; Mross, K; Scheulen, M; Sörgel, F; Strumberg, D, 2014)	0.4
" An expansion phase of this study was thus undertaken to obtain further safety data, response assessment and characterization of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in melanoma, renal, and adrenal carcinoma patients."	( Dual VEGF/VEGFR inhibition in advanced solid malignancies: clinical effects and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Borden, EC; Chen, H; Dowlati, A; Elson, P; Koon, H; Mittal, K; Rini, BI; Triozzi, P, 2014)	0.4
" The validated assay was applied to derive the pharmacokinetic parameters for MTX and TFB post-dosing of MTX and TFB orally and intravenously to rats."	( A validated LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous quantification of methotrexate and tofacitinib in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Dhiman, V; Dixit, A; Giri, K; Mullangi, R; Sharma, K; Zainuddin, M, 2015)	0.42
"Previously published pharmacokinetic (PK) models for sunitinib and its active metabolite SU12662 were based on a limited dataset or lacked important elements such as correlations between sunitinib and its metabolite."	( Integrated semi-physiological pharmacokinetic model for both sunitinib and its active metabolite SU12662. Beijnen, JH; de Wit, D; Huitema, AD; Kloth, JS; Mathijssen, RH; Schellens, JH; Steeghs, N; van Erp, NP; van Hasselt, JG; Yu, H, 2015)	0.42
" The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats."	( Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of tofacitinib in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Dhiman, V; Giri, KK; Mullangi, R; S, VK; Sharma, K; Zainuddin, M, 2015)	0.42
" Plasma and tissue samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic analysis and to monitor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters."	( Relationship Between Sunitinib Pharmacokinetics and Administration Time: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Binkhorst, L; Burger, H; Chaves, I; de Bruijn, P; de Wit, AS; Hamberg, P; Kloth, JS; Lam, MH; Mathijssen, RH; van der Horst, GT; Wiemer, EA, 2015)	0.42
"Plasma concentration-time profiles of TAK-438 at all dose levels showed rapid absorption (median Tmax ≤2 h)."	( Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of TAK-438 (vonoprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Ashida, K; Hibberd, M; Jenkins, H; Jenkins, R; Nishimura, A; Ogama, Y; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Warrington, S; Yoneyama, T, 2015)	0.42
"This study is to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of famitinib in rat and monkey, and then to predict the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of famitinib in human based on the PBPK models."	( [Predicting pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug, famitinib in human using physiologically based pharmacokinetic model]. Chen, XY; Gao, ZW; Yu, MM; Zhong, DF, 2014)	0.4
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by WinNonLin software."	( The pharmacokinetic interaction between levofloxacin and sunitinib. Czyrski, A; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Kondys, K; Szałek, E, 2015)	0.42
" Sunitinib influences the following pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin: half-life, elimination constant and volume of distribution."	( The pharmacokinetic interaction between levofloxacin and sunitinib. Czyrski, A; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Kondys, K; Szałek, E, 2015)	0.42
"The study proved that there is a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between sunitinib and levofloxacin."	( The pharmacokinetic interaction between levofloxacin and sunitinib. Czyrski, A; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Kondys, K; Szałek, E, 2015)	0.42
" Intensive steady-state 12- and 24-hour pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Study Between Raltegravir and Atorvastatin 20 mg in Healthy Volunteers. Blonk, M; Burger, D; Colbers, A; Schouwenberg, B; van Beek, M, 2015)	0.42
" We assessed the pharmacokinetic interaction with ibuprofen (an NSAID used by patients with cancer) in Balb/c male and female mice."	( Sunitinib-ibuprofen drug interaction affects the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sunitinib to brain, liver, and kidney in male and female mice differently. Chan, ST; Khoo, HW; Lau, CL; Lim, AY; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Segarra, I; Selvaratanam, M, 2015)	0.42
"Fit-for-purpose pharmacodynamic biomarkers could expedite development of combination antiangiogenic regimens."	( Serum C-Telopeptide Collagen Crosslinks and Plasma Soluble VEGFR2 as Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers in a Trial of Sequentially Administered Sunitinib and Cilengitide. Cohen, EE; Fleming, GF; Harris, PJ; Janisch, L; Karovic, S; Karrison, TG; Levine, MR; Maitland, ML; O'Donnell, PH; Polite, BN; Ratain, MJ, 2015)	0.42
" A candidate pharmacodynamic biomarker of cilengitide inhibition of integrin αvβ3, serum c-telopeptide collagen crosslinks (CTx), was also measured."	( Serum C-Telopeptide Collagen Crosslinks and Plasma Soluble VEGFR2 as Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers in a Trial of Sequentially Administered Sunitinib and Cilengitide. Cohen, EE; Fleming, GF; Harris, PJ; Janisch, L; Karovic, S; Karrison, TG; Levine, MR; Maitland, ML; O'Donnell, PH; Polite, BN; Ratain, MJ, 2015)	0.42
" Herein we developed and validated a quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analytical method for one of the lead novel anticancer makaluvamine analog, TCBA-TPQ, and conducted a pharmacokinetic study in laboratory rats."	( Development and validation of an HPLC-MS/MS analytical method for quantitative analysis of TCBA-TPQ, a novel anticancer makaluvamine analog, and application in a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Li, DD; Nag, S; Qin, JJ; Velu, SE; Voruganti, S; Wang, W; Xu, S; Yu, JX; Zhang, R, 2015)	0.42
" The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of subutinib and its active metabolite in human after oral administration of subutinib maleate capsules."	( Simultaneous determination of subutinib and its active metabolite in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic study. Chen, SN; Ding, LK; Li, JK; Wen, AD; Yang, L, 2015)	0.42
" No significant differences in the plasma concentrations of unbound regorafenib were observed between the two rat groups, suggesting that the differences observed in the pharmacokinetic behaviors of regorafenib between the two rat groups were due to differences in protein-binding."	( Lack of Contribution of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein and Organic Anion-transporting Polypeptide to Pharmacokinetics of Regorafenib, a Novel Multi-Kinase Inhibitor, in Rats. Hasegawa, T; Hotta, K; Matsuura, K; Saito, H; Sugiura, Y; Tatsumi, Y; Tsukiyama, I; Ueyama, J, 2015)	0.42
" Coadministration of sunitinib with ixabepilone on a weekly (but not every 3 week) schedule was associated with a significant increase in the half-life and a significant decrease in the clearance of ixabepilone."	( A Phase I Clinical, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of Weekly or Every Three Week Ixabepilone and Daily Sunitinib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Benedetto, P; Flores, A; Kovacs, K; Kwon, D; Merchan, JR; Montero, AJ; Rocha-Lima, C; Trent, JC, 2016)	0.43
" An extended-release (XR) formulation has been designed to provide a once-daily (QD) dosing option to patients to achieve comparable pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters to the twice-daily immediate-release (IR) formulation."	( Extended-Release Once-Daily Formulation of Tofacitinib: Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics Compared With Immediate-Release Tofacitinib and Impact of Food. Alvey, C; Fletcher, T; Kushner, J; Lamba, M; Stock, TC; Wang, R, 2016)	0.43
" This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice."	( Determination of ulixertinib in mice plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in mice. Dewang, P; Kethiri, RR; Kumar, R; Mullangi, R; Rajagopal, S; Rudresh, G; Suresh, PS; Zainuddin, M, 2016)	0.43
" In subjects with moderate hepatic impairment, the geometric mean AUCinf and Cmax of tofacitinib were increased (90% confidence intervals of percentage increase) by approximately 65% (25%, 117%) and 49% (12%, 97%), respectively."	( The effect of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib, an orally active Janus kinase inhibitor. Alvey, CW; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Lawendy, N; Wang, R, 2014)	0.4
" Mean half-life was similar in the presence and absence of tofacitinib: 13."	( Evaluation of the Effect of Tofacitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Contraceptive Steroids in Healthy Female Volunteers. Alvey, CW; Krishnaswami, S; Menon, S; Petit, W; Riese, R; Shi, H; Wang, R, 2016)	0.43
"A meta-analysis of 10 prospective clinical studies in advanced RCC and GIST was performed to support the development of pharmacokinetic (PK) and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) models that account for the effects of important covariates."	( Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Sunitinib by Dosing Schedule in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma or Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Fumagalli, E; Khosravan, R; Motzer, RJ; Rini, BI, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic parameters for vonoprazan, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole in single therapy or triple therapies were assessed."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Triple Therapy with Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin or Metronidazole: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study. Hasegawa, S; Nakamura, K; Nishimura, A; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Shiino, M, 2016)	0.43
" The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of sunitinib and SU12662, the active metabolite, in patients receiving the AD regimen and to ascertain significant covariates influencing PK parameters."	( BSA and ABCB1 polymorphism affect the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib and its active metabolite in Asian mRCC patients receiving an attenuated sunitinib dosing regimen. Back, HM; Chae, JW; Chan, A; Ho, HK; Karlsson, MO; Kwon, KI; Lee, J; Teo, YL; Yun, HY, 2016)	0.43
" These promising fluorinated pyrrolomycins demonstrate potent antibacterial activity against SA with favorable drug-like properties and pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Novel fluorinated pyrrolomycins as potent anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents: Design, synthesis, pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activities. Ahn, J; Alnouti, Y; Bayles, KW; Endres, JL; Gautam, N; Huang, Y; Li, J; Li, R; Liu, Y; Qiao, Z; Yang, Z; Zheng, J, 2016)	0.43
" In this context, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), mainly constituted by lymphocytes, could be a perfect surrogate tissue for identifying and assaying pharmacodynamic biomarkers of sunitinib."	( Clinical and kinomic analysis identifies peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib. Alexandre, J; Bellesoeur, A; Blanchet, B; Goldwasser, F; Golmard, L; Huillard, O; Naji, F; Noé, G; Puszkiel, A; Rangarajan, S; Saidu, N; Thomas-Schoemann, A; Vidal, M, 2016)	0.43
"The present study highlights that D21/D0 total lymphocytes ratio could be a promising pharmacodynamic biomarker in mRCC patients treated with sunitinib."	( Clinical and kinomic analysis identifies peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib. Alexandre, J; Bellesoeur, A; Blanchet, B; Goldwasser, F; Golmard, L; Huillard, O; Naji, F; Noé, G; Puszkiel, A; Rangarajan, S; Saidu, N; Thomas-Schoemann, A; Vidal, M, 2016)	0.43
"Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling was conducted for the reduction of peripheral lymphocytes after oral administration of CS-0777 to healthy rats, monkeys and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced rats."	( Evaluation of species difference in peripheral lymphocyte reduction effect of CS-0777, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, based on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model analysis. Doi-Komuro, H; Goto, M; Inaba, SI; Inoue, R; Izumi, T; Kagari, T; Oshima, K; Shimozato, T; Tanaka, H; Tanaka-Takanaka, K; Tomisato, W; Yuita, H, 2016)	0.43
" Sunitinib concentration in plasma, brain, kidney and liver were determined and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis performed."	( Sunitinib-paracetamol sex-divergent pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution drug-drug interaction in mice. Chee, EL; Chee, YL; Chew, CC; Fernández, C; Koo, TW; Liew, MH; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Ng, S; Segarra, I, 2017)	0.46
"Coadministration of diclofenac and sunitinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, led to sex-divergent pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction outcomes."	( Diclofenac sex-divergent drug-drug interaction with Sunitinib: pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in male and female mice. Chee, EL; Chee, YL; Chew, CC; Fernández, C; Koo, TW; Liew, MH; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Ng, S; Segarra, I, 2017)	0.46
" In the present study, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model was applied to compare the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib in Japanese and Caucasians to assess the potential impact of ethnicity on the dosing regimen in the two populations."	( Application of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Prediction of Tofacitinib Exposure in Japanese. Hirai, M; Kurebayashi, Y; Suzuki, M; Tse, S, 2017)	0.46
" Galactomannan was used as a pharmacodynamic endpoint in all models."	( Pharmacodynamics of the Novel Antifungal Agent F901318 for Acute Sinopulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus flavus. Box, H; Colombo, AL; Hope, WW; Johnson, A; Kolamunnage-Dona, R; Livermore, J; McEntee, L; Negri, CE; Ramos-Martín, V; Schwartz, JA; Whalley, S, 2018)	0.48
" Food effect (high-calorie and high-fat breakfast) was examined by comparing pharmacokinetic data of saroglitazar and its metabolite saroglitazar sulfoxide in plasma samples collected pre-dose and serially up to 72 h post-dose."	( Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Saroglitazar Magnesium, a Novel Dual PPARαγ Agonist, in Healthy Adult Subjects. Gujarathi, SS; Kansagra, KA; Parikh, DP; Parmar, DV; Parmar, KV; Patel, HB; Patel, HV; Patel, JA; Patel, MR; Patil, US; Soni, MM; Srinivas, NR, 2018)	0.48
"Healthy subject pharmacokinetic data from a well-powered food-effect study (fasted vs fed treatments; n = 50) was used in this work."	( Limited Sampling Strategy for Accurate Prediction of Pharmacokinetics of Saroglitazar: A 3-point Linear Regression Model Development and Successful Prediction of Human Exposure. Joshi, SN; Parmar, DV; Srinivas, NR, 2018)	0.48
" However, the search for distinct safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties has motivated our exploration of alternative scaffolds."	( 7 H-Pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4-amine-Based Inhibitors of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 Have Distinct Inhibitory and Oral Pharmacokinetic Characteristics Compared with 1 H-Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-4-amine-Based Inhibitors. Arnold, SLM; Barrett, LK; Choi, R; Fan, E; Golkowski, M; Huang, W; Hulverson, MA; Maly, DJ; McCloskey, MC; Merritt, EA; Ojo, KK; Van Voorhis, WC; Vidadala, RSR; Whitman, GR, 2018)	0.48
" The objectives of this work were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for AZD3241 and to investigate the correlation between AZD3241 exposure and myeloperoxidase inhibition."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling With Enterohepatic Circulation for AZD3241 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Multiple System Atrophy. Al-Huniti, N; Li, J; Li, Y; Mullen, JA; Savage, A; Taylor, W; Tong, X; Xu, H; Zhou, D, 2018)	0.48
" The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of fluconazole, which is known to inhibit CYP2C9, on imrecoxib's pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters."	( Effect of Fluconazole on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Imrecoxib, a Novel NSAID: A Single-center, Open-label, Self-controlled Study in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers. Chen, XY; Gong, Y; Hou, XY; Peng, WX; Zhang, YF; Zhong, DF; Zhu, RH; Zuo, CZ, 2018)	0.48
" It has a short half-life and was well tolerated by most patients."	( Phase I, First-in-Human, Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Vorolanib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Arkenau, HT; Bendell, JC; Chua, CC; Dukart, G; Harrow, K; Liang, C; Moore, KN; Patel, MR, 2019)	0.51
"AZD4831 was generally well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, had a long plasma half-life and lowered uric acid concentrations after single oral doses in healthy men."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and effect on serum uric acid of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZD4831 in a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I study in healthy volunteers. Ericsson, H; Fuhr, R; Gan, LM; Heijer, M; Kjaer, M; Lagerström-Fermér, M; Lindstedt, EL; Michaëlsson, E; Nelander, K; Whatling, C, 2019)	0.51
" We have investigated the pharmacokinetic parameters of imrecoxib and its two main metabolites in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) with normal renal function and renal insufficiency, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic study of imrecoxib in patients with renal insufficiency. Huang, J; Li, W; Liu, WY; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Wang, Y; Xie, JL; Yang, GP; Yang, XY; Zhang, H, 2019)	0.51
"Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulations, this study estimated the exposure of sunitinib and its active metabolite SU012662 in pediatric patients."	( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation of Sunitinib in Pediatrics. DuBois, SG; Khosravan, R; Wetmore, C; Yu, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Here, we report the in vitro ADME characteristics and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of metarrestin."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics characterization of metarrestin in multiple species. Hughes, EA; Konrath, KM; Li, D; Marugan, J; Padilha, EC; Patnaik, S; Rice, KA; Rudloff, U; Shah, P; Singleton, MD; Wang, AQ; Xu, X, 2020)	0.56
" Single dose pharmacokinetic profiles after intravenous and oral administration in mice, rat, dog, monkey, and mini-pig were obtained."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics characterization of metarrestin in multiple species. Hughes, EA; Konrath, KM; Li, D; Marugan, J; Padilha, EC; Patnaik, S; Rice, KA; Rudloff, U; Shah, P; Singleton, MD; Wang, AQ; Xu, X, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis, and safety was assessed."	( Effects of itraconazole and rifampicin on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker esaxerenone in healthy Japanese subjects. Irie, S; Ishizuka, H; Ishizuka, T; Kato, M; Kirigaya, Y; Nakatsu, T; Nishikawa, Y; Shimizu, T; Shiramoto, M; Uchimaru, H, 2020)	0.56
" The purpose of our study was to develop and establish a quick assay based on ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the measurement of pexidartinib concentrations in plasma and to survey whether antifungal drugs (isavuconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole) could change the pharmacokinetic parameters of pexidartinib in rats."	( Development of UPLC-MS/MS method for studying the pharmacokinetic interactions of pexidartinib with antifungal drugs in rats. Jiang, Z; Shi, L; Tang, C; Xu, RA; Zhang, B, 2020)	0.56
"To evaluate the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction and the safety and tolerability when ubrogepant and sumatriptan are coadministered in a Phase 1 study in healthy participants, and to inform the safety and tolerability of ubrogepant alone and in combination with triptans in Phase 3 trials in participants with migraine."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Sumatriptan and of the Safety of Ubrogepant With Triptans. Boinpally, R; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Lu, K; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2020)	0.56
"The Phase 1 study was a single-center, open-label, randomized, 3-way crossover, single-dose, pharmacokinetic interaction study, where participants received each of 3 oral treatments with a 7-day washout period between treatments: single dose of ubrogepant 100 mg, single dose of sumatriptan 100 mg, and ubrogepant 100 mg plus sumatriptan 100 mg."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Sumatriptan and of the Safety of Ubrogepant With Triptans. Boinpally, R; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Lu, K; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2020)	0.56
"Although there were slight alterations in ubrogepant pharmacokinetic parameters when coadministered with sumatriptan, such changes are expected to have minimal clinical relevance, especially because no changes were seen in sumatriptan area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration when coadministered with ubrogepant."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Sumatriptan and of the Safety of Ubrogepant With Triptans. Boinpally, R; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Lu, K; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2020)	0.56
" Thus, clinicians should pay attention to the resulting changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and accordingly, adjust the dose of vonoprazan in clinical settings."	( Effects of Voriconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Vonoprazan in Rats. Chen, F; Geng, P; Jiang, H; Liu, B; Meng, D; Shen, J; Wang, B; Wang, S; Zhou, Q; Zhou, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Because it was suggested that DDIs mainly occur in the intestine, predictions using concentration-time profiles in each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were performed with GastroPlus, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling software."	( Drug-Drug Interaction Risk Assessment of Esaxerenone as a Perpetrator by In Vitro Studies and Static and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models. Fischer, T; Inoue, SI; Ishizuka, T; Rozehnal, V; Sugiyama, D; Yamada, M, 2020)	0.56
" A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for pexidartinib and its metabolite, ZAAD, was developed, and effects of demographic and clinical factors on the PK of pexidartinib and ZAAD were estimated."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Pexidartinib in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor or Other Solid Tumors. Gelderblom, H; Healey, JH; Kang, J; Knebel, W; Shuster, D; Stacchiotti, S; Tap, WD; van de Sande, M; Wagner, AJ; Yin, O; Zahir, H, 2021)	0.62
" Atogepant was rapidly absorbed (median time to maximum plasma concentration, ∼2 hours) with an apparent terminal elimination half-life of ∼11 hours."	( Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Atogepant in Adults With Hepatic Impairment: Results From an Open-Label, Phase 1 Trial. Boinpally, R; Borbridge, L; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Periclou, A, 2021)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic studies of PhTAD-substituted heterocyclic compounds (IXIV) were analyzed to show Lipinski's rules via in-silico methods of Swiss-ADME."	( Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Pharmacokinetic Studies by Swiss Adme, Molinspiration, Osiris and DFT of PhTAD-substituted Dihydropyrrole Derivatives. Aksahin, M; Ayar, A; Gül, M; Mesci, S; Yazgan, B; Yıldırım, T, 2022)	0.72
"To evaluate the impact of two calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), erenumab and galcanezumab, on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, safety, and tolerability of ubrogepant."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of ubrogepant when coadministered with calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted monoclonal antibody migraine preventives in participants with migraine: A randomized phase 1b drug-drug interaction study. Blumenfeld, AM; Boinpally, R; Borbridge, L; Butler, M; Contreras-De Lama, J; Jakate, A; Lipton, RB; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2021)	0.62
"Population pharmacokinetic analysis explored the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib and its primary active metabolite, SU012662, in children and evaluated the sunitinib dose(s) that produce comparable plasma exposures to adults receiving the approved daily dose."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Sunitinib and its Active Metabolite SU012662 in Pediatric Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors or Other Solid Tumors. DuBois, SG; Khosravan, R; Verschuur, AC; Wang, E; Wetmore, C, 2021)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic models of sunitinib and SU012662 were developed using a systematic multi-step approach employing nonlinear mixed-effects modeling."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Sunitinib and its Active Metabolite SU012662 in Pediatric Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors or Other Solid Tumors. DuBois, SG; Khosravan, R; Verschuur, AC; Wang, E; Wetmore, C, 2021)	0.62
" Oral tofacitinib undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and has numerous drug interactions and a half-life of 3 hours necessitating twice daily dosing."	( Sublingual tofacitinib for alopecia areata: a roll-over pilot clinical trial and analysis of pharmacokinetics. Bokhari, L; Lai, VWY; Sinclair, R, 2021)	0.62
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."	( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions. Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)	0.62
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of GastroPlus was used to simulate different patient populations based on age, weight, liver function, and renal function status."	( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions. Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)	0.62
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles of midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam on days 0 and 14 and safety data were obtained."	( Effects of Repeated Oral Administration of Esaxerenone on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam in Healthy Japanese Males. Furuie, H; Igawa, Y; Ishizuka, H; Ishizuka, T; Kato, M; Kuroda, K; Nishikawa, Y; Okuda, Y; Shimizu, T; Toyama, K, 2021)	0.62
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling was performed to predict the drug-drug interaction (DDI) effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A modulators on esaxerenone pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and subjects with hepatic impairment."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to predict the clinical effect of CYP3A inhibitors/inducers on esaxerenone pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and subjects with hepatic impairment. Igawa, Y; Ishizuka, H; Ishizuka, T; Shimizu, T; Watanabe, A; Yamada, M, 2022)	0.72
" No effect on ubrogepant pharmacokinetics was concluded if 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean ratios were within 80% to 125% for comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters between ubrogepant + esomeprazole magnesium versus ubrogepant alone."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction and Safety of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Esomeprazole Magnesium. Boinpally, R; Lu, K, 2022)	0.72
" Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analysis allows the identification of factors that could affect drug exposure in population subgroups."	( A Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Vonoprazan: Evaluating the Effects of Race, Disease Status, and Other Covariates on Exposure. Facius, A; Howden, CW; Lahu, G; Leifke, E; Mulford, DJ; Scarpignato, C; Smith, N, 2022)	0.72
" Due to its relatively long half-life and high affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor, esaxerenone is administered once daily and in low absolute doses."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Esaxerenone, a Novel Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist: A Review. Janković, SM; Janković, SV, 2022)	0.72
" Higher-DAR conjugates were stable and displayed good rat pharmacokinetic profiles as measured by ELISA and LC/MS-MS."	( Efficacy, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Containing a Low-Potency Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer. Adams, L; Afif-Rider, S; Ball, K; Barry, CS; Beard, R; Chooi, KP; Gregson, SJ; Hartley, JA; Howard, PW; Hutchinson, I; Kang, GD; Masterson, LA; McFarlane, M; Patel, N; Pugh, K; Riedl, J; Santos, K; Vijayakrishnan, B, 2022)	0.72
" Here, we investigate the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction potential of trilaciclib."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Studies Between Trilaciclib and Midazolam, Metformin, Rifampin, Itraconazole, and Topotecan in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Beelen, A; Curd, L; Goti, V; Horton, JK; Li, C; Sale, M; Tao, W, 2022)	0.72
" Population pharmacokinetic modeling showed no significant effect of trilaciclib on topotecan clearance."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Studies Between Trilaciclib and Midazolam, Metformin, Rifampin, Itraconazole, and Topotecan in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Beelen, A; Curd, L; Goti, V; Horton, JK; Li, C; Sale, M; Tao, W, 2022)	0.72
"To study the pharmacokinetic inter-individual variability of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in a real-world setting of COVID-19 inpatients and to identify possible associations with different demographic/biochemical variables."	( Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in treated COVID-19 subjects. Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Benvenuto, D; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Stazi, GV; Tempestilli, M, 2022)	0.72
" Linear regression, logistic regression and multiple linear regression tests were used for statistical comparisons of pharmacokinetic parameters and variables."	( Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in treated COVID-19 subjects. Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Benvenuto, D; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Stazi, GV; Tempestilli, M, 2022)	0.72
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis and safety was assessed."	( The effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of famitinib in healthy subjects. Cao, Y; Fu, Y; Gao, X; Jiang, X; Li, T; Li, X; Lin, P; Liu, Y; Shi, P; Sun, F; Wang, C; Zhang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" The pharmacokinetic data supporting imrecoxib's rational use in elderly population are not available."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Imrecoxib, a Novel Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, in Elderly Healthy Subjects. Hu, C; Luo, Z; Shen, Q; Shu, S; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Zhu, X, 2022)	0.72
" Pharmacokinetic profiles were predicted for study participants using an existing population pharmacokinetic model."	( A translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach supports optimal vonoprazan dosing for erosive oesophagitis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Facius, A; Howden, CW; Hunt, R; Lahu, G; Leifke, E; Mulford, DJ; Scarpignato, C, 2023)	0.91
" To characterize metarrestin's pharmacokinetic profile in humans, a uHPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated to determine the disposition of the drug in human plasma."	( Determination of metarrestin (ML-246) in human plasma for a first-in-human clinical pharmacokinetic application by a simple and efficient uHPLC-MS/MS assay. Arisa, O; Corvalan Cabanas, N; Figg, WD; Peer, CJ; Reno, A; Richardson, WJ; Rudloff, U; Zimmerman, SM, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the present study, the non-xanthine PDE type IV inhibitor rolipram (4-[3'-cyclopentyloxy-4'-methoxyphenyl]-2-pyrrolidone) alone and in combination with adenosine is examined as a potential modulator of TNF alpha-primed PMN oxidative activity."	( The specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram combined with adenosine reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha-primed neutrophil oxidative activity. Carper, HT; Mandell, GL; Sullivan, GW, 1995)	0.29
" We demonstrate here that VEGFR-2 blockade with SU5416 in combination with chronic hypobaric hypoxia causes severe pulmonary hypertension associated with precapillary arterial occlusion by proliferating endothelial cells."	( Inhibition of the VEGF receptor 2 combined with chronic hypoxia causes cell death-dependent pulmonary endothelial cell proliferation and severe pulmonary hypertension. Alger, L; Hirth, P; Kasahara, Y; Mc Mahon , G; Taraseviciene-Stewart, L; Tuder, RM; Voelkel, NF; Waltenberger, J, 2001)	0.31
" The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and possible drug-drug interactions of the new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) atorvastatin and cerivastatin in cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated renal transplant patients."	( Efficacy and drug interactions of the new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors cerivastatin and atorvastatin in CsA-treated renal transplant recipients. Burkhardt, K; Hauser, IA; Koch, C; Mayer-Kadner, I; Renders, L; Schärffe, S; Schmieder, RE; Veelken, R, 2001)	0.31
" Furthermore, they imply efficiency of daily administration of nontoxic doses of chemotherapy, and a possible additive effect when chemotherapy is combined with angiogenesis inhibitors."	( CHS 828 inhibits neuroblastoma growth in mice alone and in combination with antiangiogenic drugs. Bäckman, U; Christofferson, R; Jonsson, E; Larsson, R; Svensson, A, 2002)	0.31
"This study evaluated the effects of rosiglitazone therapy on lipids and the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone in combination with atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."	( Effects of rosiglitazone alone and in combination with atorvastatin on the metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biswas, N; Brunzell, JD; Cohen, BR; Freed, MI; Kreider, MM; Marcovina, SM; Ratner, R, 2002)	0.31
" The purpose of the present studies was to demonstrate the potent anticancer activity of SU11248 alone or in combination with conventional cytotoxic agents against several distinct preclinical models of breast cancer."	( Preclinical evaluation of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU11248 as a single agent and in combination with "standard of care" therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer. Abrams, TJ; Cherrington, JM; Colombo, T; Holway, VW; Lee, LB; Murray, LJ; Pesenti, E; Pryer, NK, 2003)	0.32
"Although the precise molecular mechanism of interaction between brostallicin and the other tested cytotoxics has not yet been identified, a clear therapeutic gain is observed in preclinical models when brostallicin is combined with anticancer agents such as cDDP, DX, CPT-11, and Taxotere."	( Enhancement of in vivo antitumor activity of classical anticancer agents by combination with the new, glutathione-interacting DNA minor groove-binder, brostallicin. Broggini, M; Colombo, T; Geroni, C; Marchini, S; Sabatino, MA, 2003)	0.32
" Pravastatin does not appear to interact with warfarin but has caused an increased INR when combined with the anticoagulant fluindione."	( Oral anticoagulant drug interactions with statins: case report of fluvastatin and review of the literature. Andrus, MR, 2004)	0.32
"SU5416, when combined with irradiation, has an additive effect over treatment with irradiation alone."	( Irradiation combined with SU5416: microvascular changes and growth delay in a human xenograft glioblastoma tumor line. Bernsen, HJ; Bussink, J; Peeters, W; Schuuring, J; van Der Kogel, AJ, 2005)	0.33
" Antiangiogenic treatment with SU5416 when combined with irradiation has an additive effect over treatment with irradiation or antiangiogenic treatment alone."	( Irradiation combined with SU5416: microvascular changes and growth delay in a human xenograft glioblastoma tumor line. Bernsen, HJ; Bussink, J; Peeters, W; Schuuring, J; van Der Kogel, AJ, 2005)	0.33
" Since DDIs are associated with adverse reactions, we performed a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of potentially critical drug-drug and drug-statin interactions in an outpatient adult population with dyslipidaemia."	( Prevalence of potentially severe drug-drug interactions in ambulatory patients with dyslipidaemia receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy. Hess, L; Krähenbühl, S; Krähenbühl-Melcher, A; Rätz Bravo, AE; Schlienger, RG; Tchambaz, L, 2005)	0.33
"One of the emerging problems concerning the use of antiangiogenic drugs, when used in combination with certain chemotherapy regimens, is enhanced rates and severity of adverse clotting events."	( In vitro procoagulant activity induced in endothelial cells by chemotherapy and antiangiogenic drug combinations: modulation by lower-dose chemotherapy. du Manoir, J; Francia, G; Hicklin, DJ; Kerbel, RS; Ma, L; Rak, J; Viloria-Petit, A, 2005)	0.33
"To report the case of a patient who underwent orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) and demonstrated a supratherapeutic response to ezetimibe when administered with cyclosporine."	( Supratherapeutic response to ezetimibe administered with cyclosporine. Burton, I; Koshman, SL; Lalonde, LD; Pearson, GJ; Tymchak, WJ, 2005)	0.33
"We designed and conducted an NCI-sponsored trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of semaxanib given twice weekly in combination with weekly irinotecan in patients with advanced colorectal cancer who had failed at least one prior treatment."	( A Phase I study of escalating doses of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor semaxanib (SU5416) in combination with irinotecan in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Abbruzzese, JL; Bogaard, K; Hoff, PM; Waldrum, S; Wolff, RA, 2006)	0.33
"Twice weekly SU5416 can be administered with bolus IFL without unexpected toxicities or altering the pharmacokinetic behavior of the administered drugs."	( Phase I/pilot study of SU5416 (semaxinib) in combination with irinotecan/bolus 5-FU/LV (IFL) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Berlin, JD; Cropp, GF; Donnelly, E; Fleischer, AC; Hande, KR; Hannah, AL; Lockhart, AC; Rothenberg, ML; Schaaf, LJ; Schumaker, RD, 2006)	0.33
"We analyzed IGF1R blockade by ADW742, a small molecule specific for this receptor, alone and in combination with imatinib, vincristine, and doxorubicin on Ewing tumor cell lines."	( Insulin-like growth factor I receptor pathway inhibition by ADW742, alone or in combination with imatinib, doxorubicin, or vincristine, is a novel therapeutic approach in Ewing tumor. Campos, M; de Alava, E; Hernández, T; Mackintosh, C; Martín, DH; Martins, AS; Ordóñez, JL, 2006)	0.33
" Combination with usual chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and doxorubicin showed synergistic interactions."	( Insulin-like growth factor I receptor pathway inhibition by ADW742, alone or in combination with imatinib, doxorubicin, or vincristine, is a novel therapeutic approach in Ewing tumor. Campos, M; de Alava, E; Hernández, T; Mackintosh, C; Martín, DH; Martins, AS; Ordóñez, JL, 2006)	0.33
" These effects of NPI-0052, alone and in combination with HDACi, warrant further testing to determine the compound's clinical efficacy in leukemia."	( NPI-0052, a novel proteasome inhibitor, induces caspase-8 and ROS-dependent apoptosis alone and in combination with HDAC inhibitors in leukemia cells. Ban, K; Chandra, J; Dujka, ME; McConkey, DJ; Miller, CP; Munsell, M; Palladino, M, 2007)	0.34
"Clinical trials showing longer survival when chemotherapy is combined with antiangiogenic agents (AAs) have led to growing interest in designing combined modality protocols that exploit abnormalities in tumor vasculature."	( Design of clinical trials of radiation combined with antiangiogenic therapy. Senan, S; Smit, EF, 2007)	0.34
"The objective of the study was to demonstrate the effect of pioglitazone and pioglitazone in combination with statin on East Indian patients with hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia."	( Effect of pioglitazone and its combination with statins in coronary artery disease patients with hyperinsulinemia. Baxi, H; Chag, M; Chandarana, A; Goyal, R; Mehta, A; Naik, A; Parikh, K; Shah, K; Shah, U, 2007)	0.34
" Administration of 30 mg/kg CS-706 from Day 7 combined with a single intravenous treatment of 10 mg/kg cisplatin on Day 7 completely regressed the tumors in all tumor-bearing mice examined, whereas only in 1 of 10 mice tumor was regressed with cisplatin treatment."	( CS-706, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice when treated alone or in combination with anti-tumor chemotherapeutic agents. Fujiwara, K; Hanai, M; Inoue, S; Ishida, S; Kimura, T; Kurakata, S; Senzaki, M; Yada, A, 2008)	0.35
"This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ezetimibe (10 mg/day) alone or in combination with atorvastatin (10 mg twice a week) on hypercholesterolemia in 56 high-risk patients intolerant to daily statin use."	( Effectiveness of ezetimibe alone or in combination with twice a week Atorvastatin (10 mg) for statin intolerant high-risk patients. Athyros, VG; Kakafika, AI; Karagiannis, A; Koumaras, H; Mikhailidis, DP; Tziomalos, K, 2008)	0.35
" We studied the effects of a statin (atorvastatin) and its combination with an acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor (avasimibe) on atherosclerotic regression and plaque stability as measured by matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 (MMP-1 and MMP-3) levels."	( Statin therapy alone and in combination with an acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor on experimental atherosclerosis. Badimon, JJ; Chew, DP; Corti, R; Fallon, JT; Fayad, ZA; Fuster, V; Helft, G; Worthley, MI; Worthley, SG; Zaman, AG, 2007)	0.34
" Metronomic CPT-11 alone and combined with semaxinib significantly inhibits tumour growth in the absence of toxicity, which was accompanied by decreases in microvessel density and increases in TSP-1 gene expression in tumour tissues."	( Antiangiogenic and anticolorectal cancer effects of metronomic irinotecan chemotherapy alone and in combination with semaxinib. Allegrini, G; Bocci, G; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Di Paolo, A; Falcone, A; Fanelli, G; Fioravanti, A; Kerbel, RS; Naccarato, AG; Orlandi, P; Viacava, P, 2008)	0.35
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of the antiangiogenic agent SU-11248 (sunitinib malate, Sutent), alone or in combination with docetaxel."	( Sunitinib malate (SU-11248) alone or in combination with low-dose docetaxel inhibits the growth of DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. Cumashi, A; Iacobelli, S; Lattanzio, R; Natoli, C; Piantelli, M; Rossi, C; Tinari, N, 2008)	0.35
"Ezetimibe did not alter serum visfatin concentrations, either when administered as monotherapy or combined with a statin."	( Effects of ezetimibe, either alone or in combination with atorvastatin, on serum visfatin levels: a pilot study. Derdemezis, C; Elisaf, M; Filippatos, T; Mikhailidis, D; Tselepis, A, 2008)	0.35
"To investigate the effect of Endostatin and SU6668 combined with 5-FU on the growth and metastasis of human colon cancer in vivo and its mechanism."	( [Effect of Endostatin and SU6668 combined with 5-FU on human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice]. Chu, ZH; Luo, XJ; Zeng, QL; Zhou, K, 2008)	0.35
" A comprehensive, controlled clinical trial programme was thus designed to evaluate three separate statins in combination with ABT-335, a new formulation of fenofibric acid."	( Evaluation of a new formulation of fenofibric acid, ABT-335, co-administered with statins : study design and rationale of a phase III clinical programme. Bays, HE; Buttler, SM; Davidson, MH; Jones, PH; Kelly, MT; Setze, CM; Sleep, DJ; Stolzenbach, JC, 2008)	0.35
" The current review focuses distinctly on three aspects: (a) an in-depth coverage on the bioanalytical methods for the quantification of clopidogrel and its inactive carboxylic acid metabolite as well as the active metabolite in pre-clinical and clinical samples; (b) an overview of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic aspects of clopidogrel; and (c) enumerating the key findings from drug-drug interaction studies of clopidogrel with various co-substrates such as lanzoprazole, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, digoxin, ketoconazole, donezepil and theophylline."	( Clopidogrel: review of bioanalytical methods, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and update on recent trends in drug-drug interaction studies. Mullangi, R; Srinivas, NR, 2009)	0.35
" As statins are the standard of clinical care, any new therapies must have adjunctive activity, when given in combination with statins."	( Thyroid hormone beta receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys. Cable, EE; Chi, B; Erion, MD; Fujitaki, JM; Ito, BR; Linemeyer, DL; MacKenna, DA; Song, X; van Poelje, PD; Wilker, CE; Zhang, BH, 2009)	0.35
"We evaluated the activity of a liver-targeted prodrug, MB07811, of a novel TH receptor beta agonist, MB07344, as monotherapy and in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys."	( Thyroid hormone beta receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys. Cable, EE; Chi, B; Erion, MD; Fujitaki, JM; Ito, BR; Linemeyer, DL; MacKenna, DA; Song, X; van Poelje, PD; Wilker, CE; Zhang, BH, 2009)	0.35
" This multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled study evaluated ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with 2 doses of atorvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia."	( Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with atorvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Ballantyne, CM; Bays, HE; Buttler, SM; Goldberg, AC; Kelly, MT; Setze, CM; Sleep, DJ; Stolzenbach, JC, 2009)	0.35
" Other research groups showed that histone deacetylase inhibitors (valproic acid or benzamide derivative MS-275) in combination with NPI-0052 or PR-171 induced greater levels of acute leukemia cell death than in combination with bortezomib."	( Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of proteasome inhibitors and their combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors on leukemia cells. Fuchs, O; Kuzelova, K; Marinov, I; Provaznikova, D; Spicka, I, 2009)	0.35
"We hypothesized that atorvastatin combined with amlodipine has additive beneficial vascular and metabolic effects that are superior to monotherapy in patients with hypertension."	( Additive beneficial effects of atorvastatin combined with amlodipine in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Han, SH; Kim, SJ; Koh, KK; Koh, Y; Lee, Y; Park, JB; Quon, MJ; Shin, EK, 2011)	0.37
"Atorvastatin combined with amlodipine therapy improves endothelial function and increases adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than monotherapy with either drug in hypertensive patients."	( Additive beneficial effects of atorvastatin combined with amlodipine in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Han, SH; Kim, SJ; Koh, KK; Koh, Y; Lee, Y; Park, JB; Quon, MJ; Shin, EK, 2011)	0.37
" The current report describes four patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer who experienced clinically meaningful responses following treatment with sunitinib in combination with docetaxel."	( Early experience with sunitinib, combined with docetaxel, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Bergh, J; Castany, R; Liljegren, A, 2009)	0.35
"Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel enhances antitumor activity in xenograft models of human breast and non-small cell lung cancer."	( Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I dose-escalation study. Chao, R; Harper, K; Huang, X; Ilagan, J; Liu, G; Robert, F; Sandler, A; Schiller, JH; Traynor, AM; Tye, L; Verkh, L, 2010)	0.36
" There were no pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with either schedule."	( Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I dose-escalation study. Chao, R; Harper, K; Huang, X; Ilagan, J; Liu, G; Robert, F; Sandler, A; Schiller, JH; Traynor, AM; Tye, L; Verkh, L, 2010)	0.36
"5 mg/day on Schedule 2/1 with docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) IV q21d is a clinically feasible regimen with a manageable safety profile, no pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, and shows antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I dose-escalation study. Chao, R; Harper, K; Huang, X; Ilagan, J; Liu, G; Robert, F; Sandler, A; Schiller, JH; Traynor, AM; Tye, L; Verkh, L, 2010)	0.36
"To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of atorvastatin via cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 pathway or a non-CYP 3A4 pathway statin, pravastatin, combined with clopidogrel for the patients undergoing coronary stenting."	( [Comparison on long-term effects of atorvastatin or pravastatin combined with clopidogrel for patients undergoing coronary stenting: a randomized controlled trial]. Han, YL; Jing, QM; Li, Y; Wang, DM; Wang, SL; Wang, ZL; Zhang, ZL, 2009)	0.35
"The 12 month clinical outcomes were similar between patients receiving atorvastatin 20 mg/d or pravastatin 20 mg/d combined with clopidogrel after coronary stenting."	( [Comparison on long-term effects of atorvastatin or pravastatin combined with clopidogrel for patients undergoing coronary stenting: a randomized controlled trial]. Han, YL; Jing, QM; Li, Y; Wang, DM; Wang, SL; Wang, ZL; Zhang, ZL, 2009)	0.35
"The postinfection activity of azoxystrobin (AZX), fludioxonil (FLU), and pyrimethanil (PYR), applied alone or in combination with imazalil (IMZ), in controlling postharvest green mold in 'Salustiana' oranges inoculated with Penicillium digitatum was studied."	( Postinfection activity, residue levels, and persistence of azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil applied alone or in combination with heat and imazalil for green mold control on inoculated oranges. Angioni, A; Barberis, A; Cabras, P; D'Aquino, S; Garau, VL; Palma, A; Schirra, M, 2010)	0.36
" We investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of sunitinib as single agent and in combination with cisplatin or docetaxel in NPC cell lines and tumor xenografts."	( Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chan, AT; Cheng, SH; Cheung, CS; Ho, K; Hui, EP; Lau, CP; Lui, VW; Ma, BB; Ng, MH; Wong, CS, 2011)	0.37
" When combined with chemotherapy, sequential instead of concurrent administration schedule should be further explored."	( Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chan, AT; Cheng, SH; Cheung, CS; Ho, K; Hui, EP; Lau, CP; Lui, VW; Ma, BB; Ng, MH; Wong, CS, 2011)	0.37
"Escalating doses of brostallicin were administered in combination with a fixed dose of cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) in patients with recurrent or metastatic advanced solid tumors who had previously received a cumulative dose of cisplatin not higher than 475 mg/m(2)."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of brostallicin, a minor groove binder, in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Airoldi, M; Barone, C; Caponigro, F; Comis, S; Crippa, S; Fiorentini, F; Fornari, G; Jannuzzo, MG; Lorusso, D; MacArthur, R; Merlano, M; Petroccione, A; Schena, M; Weitman, S, 2010)	0.36
"Targeting of cancer by chemotherapy in combination with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has demonstrated not only the clinical efficacy but also a higher risk of serious hematologic complications including neutropenia."	( Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in combination with chemotherapy delays hematopoietic recovery due to decreased proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. Carbone, DP; Csiki, I; Dikov, MM; Harth, EM; Huang, Y; Johnson, DH; Novitskiy, SV, 2010)	0.36
" We investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of sunitinib in combination with irinotecan in patients with advanced, refractory solid tumours."	( A phase I, dose-finding study of sunitinib in combination with irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumours. Armand, JP; Boven, E; Brega, NM; Countouriotis, AM; Hartog, V; Massard, C; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Soria, JC; Tillier, C, 2010)	0.36
" Paired observations of pharmacokinetic parameter values of sunitinib and irinotecan alone vs the combination did not reveal significant drug-drug interactions."	( A phase I, dose-finding study of sunitinib in combination with irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumours. Armand, JP; Boven, E; Brega, NM; Countouriotis, AM; Hartog, V; Massard, C; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Soria, JC; Tillier, C, 2010)	0.36
" Here, the lacZ-carrying vaccinia virus (VACV) strain GLV-1h68 was used in combination with a β-galactosidase-activatable prodrug derived from a seco-analog of the natural antibiotic duocarmycin SA."	( Enhanced tumor therapy using vaccinia virus strain GLV-1h68 in combination with a β-galactosidase-activatable prodrug seco-analog of duocarmycin SA. Chen, N; Donat, U; Gentschev, I; Hess, M; Krewer, B; Seubert, CM; Stritzker, J; Sturm, JB; Szalay, AA; Tietze, LF; von Hof, JM, 2011)	0.37
" In combination with VSV, obatoclax synergistically induced cell death in primary CLL samples and reduced tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice-bearing A20 lymphoma tumors."	( VSV oncolysis in combination with the BCL-2 inhibitor obatoclax overcomes apoptosis resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bell, J; Hiscott, J; Nguyên, TL; Oliere, S; Samuel, S; Shamy, A; Tumilasci, VF, 2010)	0.36
"Apricoxib, a novel once-daily selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, was investigated in combination with erlotinib for recurrent stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer to determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) based on changes in urinary prostaglandin E₂ metabolite (PGE-M)."	( Biomarker-based phase I dose-escalation, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of oral apricoxib in combination with erlotinib in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Chen, LC; Gitlitz, B; Jezior, D; Milne, G; Patel, R; Reckamp, K; Syto, M; Zaknoen, S, 2011)	0.37
"Patients received escalating doses of apricoxib (100, 200, and 400 mg/day) in combination with erlotinib 150 mg/day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity."	( Biomarker-based phase I dose-escalation, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of oral apricoxib in combination with erlotinib in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Chen, LC; Gitlitz, B; Jezior, D; Milne, G; Patel, R; Reckamp, K; Syto, M; Zaknoen, S, 2011)	0.37
" A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model estimating oral clearance, between-patient variability in oral clearance, central volume of distribution, and residual variability in combination with historical estimates of first-order absorption rate constant, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution adequately described the sparse MPA data."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid coadministered with either tasocitinib (CP-690,550) or tacrolimus in adult renal allograft recipients. Busque, S; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Melcher, M; Tafti, B, 2010)	0.36
" We have performed a feasibility study to investigate the safety of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed for treatment of advanced refractory solid tumors."	( Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Fumita, S; Hashimoto, J; Ichikawa, Y; Kimura, N; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Ohki, E; Okamoto, I; Shimizu, T; Takeda, M; Terashima, M; Tsurutani, J, 2012)	0.38
"5 mg/day) or a 2-weeks-on, 1-week-off treatment schedule (50 mg/day, Schedule 2/1) in combination with pemetrexed at 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 of repeated 21-day cycles."	( Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Fumita, S; Hashimoto, J; Ichikawa, Y; Kimura, N; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Ohki, E; Okamoto, I; Shimizu, T; Takeda, M; Terashima, M; Tsurutani, J, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic analysis did not reveal any substantial drug-drug interaction."	( Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Fumita, S; Hashimoto, J; Ichikawa, Y; Kimura, N; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Ohki, E; Okamoto, I; Shimizu, T; Takeda, M; Terashima, M; Tsurutani, J, 2012)	0.38
"To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and antitumor activity of sunitinib combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin."	( Sunitinib in combination with paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors: phase I study results. Blumenschein, GR; Chao, RC; Cohen, RB; Heath, EI; Kim, ST; Loconte, NK; Lorusso, PM; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Wilding, G, 2011)	0.37
"5, or 50 mg) for 2 consecutive weeks of a 3-week cycle (Schedule 2/1) or as a continuous daily dose for 3-week cycles (CDD schedule) in combination with paclitaxel (175-200 mg/m(2)) plus carboplatin (AUC 6 mg min/ml) on day one of each of 4 cycles."	( Sunitinib in combination with paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors: phase I study results. Blumenschein, GR; Chao, RC; Cohen, RB; Heath, EI; Kim, ST; Loconte, NK; Lorusso, PM; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Wilding, G, 2011)	0.37
" PK data indicated an increase in maximum and total plasma exposures to sunitinib and its active metabolite when given with paclitaxel and carboplatin compared with sunitinib monotherapy."	( Sunitinib in combination with paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors: phase I study results. Blumenschein, GR; Chao, RC; Cohen, RB; Heath, EI; Kim, ST; Loconte, NK; Lorusso, PM; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Wilding, G, 2011)	0.37
"4 μg/mL and did not differ when combined with standard-exposure versus reduced-exposure tacrolimus (P=0."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.37
"Sotrastaurin pharmacokinetics were similar when combined with reduced-exposure or standard-exposure tacrolimus or with MPA."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.37
" We conducted a multicenter phase II study to evaluate the objective response rate of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2 NCD) alone and in combination with sunitinib for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have progressed on sunitinib alone."	( A phase II study of 2-methoxyestradiol nanocrystal colloidal dispersion alone and in combination with sunitinib malate in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma progressing on sunitinib malate. Arnott, J; Bruce, JY; Carducci, M; Eickhoff, J; Liu, G; Logan, T; Pili, R; Treston, A; Wilding, G, 2012)	0.38
" Patients were treated with 2ME2 NCD alone or in combination with sunitinib."	( A phase II study of 2-methoxyestradiol nanocrystal colloidal dispersion alone and in combination with sunitinib malate in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma progressing on sunitinib malate. Arnott, J; Bruce, JY; Carducci, M; Eickhoff, J; Liu, G; Logan, T; Pili, R; Treston, A; Wilding, G, 2012)	0.38
") in combination with sunitinib 50 mg once daily (OD) orally at the '4 weeks on/2 weeks off' schedule."	( A phase I study of recombinant human interleukin-21 (rIL-21) in combination with sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Desar, IM; Fiedler, W; Grünwald, V; Haanen, J; Mouritzen, U; Olsen, MW; van Herpen, CM, 2011)	0.37
" The MTD was 3 microg/kg rIL-21 combined with sunitinib 50 mg OD at the '4 weeks on/2 weeks off' schedule."	( A phase I study of recombinant human interleukin-21 (rIL-21) in combination with sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Desar, IM; Fiedler, W; Grünwald, V; Haanen, J; Mouritzen, U; Olsen, MW; van Herpen, CM, 2011)	0.37
"The MTD of sunitinib combined with FOLFIRI in chemotherapy-naive mCRC was 37."	( A phase I study of sunitinib in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Aranda, E; Carrato, A; Chau, I; Countouriotis, AM; Cunningham, D; Guillen-Ponce, C; Iveson, TJ; Ramos, FJ; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Saunders, MP; Starling, N; Tabernero, J; Tursi, JM; Vázquez-Mazón, F; Wei, G, 2012)	0.38
"Sirolimus can be safely combined with sorafenib or sunitinib."	( Two drug interaction studies of sirolimus in combination with sorafenib or sunitinib in patients with advanced malignancies. Cohen, EE; Fleming, GF; Gangadhar, TC; Geary, D; House, LK; Janisch, L; Kocherginsky, M; Maitland, ML; Ramirez, J; Ratain, MJ; Undevia, SD; Wu, K, 2011)	0.37
" We compared the effects of two statins (rosuvastatin and atorvastatin) combined with exercise on coenzyme Q10 and HDL-C levels in CAD patients."	( Rosuvastatin combined with regular exercise preserves coenzyme Q10 levels associated with a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease. Iwasaki, Y; Jinnouchi, H; Matsui, K; Ogawa, H; Oka, H; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Tanaka, T; Tayama, S; Toyama, K, 2011)	0.37
"Compared to atorvastatin, rosuvastatin combined with exercise significantly preserved ubiquinol levels associated with an increase in HDL-C."	( Rosuvastatin combined with regular exercise preserves coenzyme Q10 levels associated with a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease. Iwasaki, Y; Jinnouchi, H; Matsui, K; Ogawa, H; Oka, H; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Tanaka, T; Tayama, S; Toyama, K, 2011)	0.37
" Administration of TSU-68 in combination with SOX is generally well tolerated."	( A phase I pharmacokinetic study of TSU-68 (a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, FGF and PDFG) in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Jung, M; Kim, HR; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2012)	0.38
"In Japanese patients with active RA with an inadequate response to MTX, tofacitinib in combination with MTX over 12 weeks was efficacious and had a manageable safety profile."	( Phase II study of tofacitinib (CP-690,550) combined with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Nakamura, H; Suzuki, M; Tanaka, Y; Toyoizumi, S; Zwillich, SH, 2011)	0.37
"This phase 1/2 study assessed sunitinib combined with docetaxel (Taxotere) and prednisone in chemotherapy-naive metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients."	( Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and prednisone in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1/2 clinical trial. Chen, I; Chow Maneval, E; George, DJ; Harmon, CS; Hutson, TE; Kozloff, M; Liu, G; Logothetis, CJ; Mathew, P; Shore, ND; Wang, SL; Wilding, G; Zurita, AJ, 2012)	0.38
"To establish in vitro and in silico models that predict clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with the OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) transporter."	( In vitro and in silico strategies to identify OATP1B1 inhibitors and predict clinical drug-drug interactions. Ahlin, G; Artursson, P; Bergström, CA; Karlgren, M; Palm, J; Svensson, R, 2012)	0.38
" Optimal effects are obtained when these compounds are used in combination with chemotherapy, as shown in preclinical models and more recently in clinical trials."	( Docetaxel combined with targeted therapies in metastatic breast cancer. Cortes, J; Roché, H, 2012)	0.38
" No significant drug-drug interactions were identified."	( A phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid malignancies, with an expanded cohort in non-small cell lung cancer. Blais, N; Camidge, DR; Canil, C; Chao, RC; Chow, LQ; Diab, SG; Jonker, DJ; Laurie, SA; McWilliam, M; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Thall, A; Tye, L; Zhang, K, 2012)	0.38
" An open-label, single-arm, phase I study was performed to evaluate escalating doses of TSU-68 in combination with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer."	( Phase I clinical study of the angiogenesis inhibitor TSU-68 combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Hokoda, N; Kasahara, K; Kitamura, R; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Nakayama, H; Ohyama, A; Okamoto, I; Satouchi, M; Seto, T; Takeda, K; Yamamoto, N; Yoshihara, E; Yoshioka, H, 2012)	0.38
"Eligible patients received TSU-68 at 200 or 400 mg twice daily and continuously in combination with carboplatin (area under the curve, 6 mg · min/mL) plus paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) on day 1 every 21 days."	( Phase I clinical study of the angiogenesis inhibitor TSU-68 combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Hokoda, N; Kasahara, K; Kitamura, R; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Nakayama, H; Ohyama, A; Okamoto, I; Satouchi, M; Seto, T; Takeda, K; Yamamoto, N; Yoshihara, E; Yoshioka, H, 2012)	0.38
"TSU-68 can be safely combined with standard doses of carboplatin-paclitaxel, with the combination manifesting promising antitumor activity."	( Phase I clinical study of the angiogenesis inhibitor TSU-68 combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Hokoda, N; Kasahara, K; Kitamura, R; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Nakayama, H; Ohyama, A; Okamoto, I; Satouchi, M; Seto, T; Takeda, K; Yamamoto, N; Yoshihara, E; Yoshioka, H, 2012)	0.38
" Few studies have documented the efficacy and safety of CETP inhibitors in combination with commonly used statins."	( Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. Brewer, HB; Hu, B; Kastelein, JJ; Krueger, KA; McErlean, E; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Shao, M; Wang, MD, 2011)	0.37
"To examine the biochemical effects, safety, and tolerability of evacetrapib, as monotherapy and in combination with statins, in patients with dyslipidemia."	( Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. Brewer, HB; Hu, B; Kastelein, JJ; Krueger, KA; McErlean, E; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Shao, M; Wang, MD, 2011)	0.37
" In combination with statin therapy, evacetrapib, 100 mg/d, produced increases in HDL-C of 42."	( Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. Brewer, HB; Hu, B; Kastelein, JJ; Krueger, KA; McErlean, E; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Shao, M; Wang, MD, 2011)	0.37
"Compared with placebo or statin monotherapy, evacetrapib as monotherapy or in combination with statins increased HDL-C levels and decreased LDL-C levels."	( Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. Brewer, HB; Hu, B; Kastelein, JJ; Krueger, KA; McErlean, E; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Shao, M; Wang, MD, 2011)	0.37
"Cynomolgus monkey recipients of life-supporting kidney allografts were treated orally with STN alone or in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA)."	( Sotrastaurin (AEB071) alone and in combination with cyclosporine A prolongs survival times of non-human primate recipients of life-supporting kidney allografts. Audet, M; Beerli, C; Bigaud, M; Blancher, A; Heusser, C; Morris, RE; Wagner, J; Wieczorek, G, 2012)	0.38
"STN prolonged survival times of non-human primate kidney allograft recipients both as monotherapy and most effectively in combination with CsA."	( Sotrastaurin (AEB071) alone and in combination with cyclosporine A prolongs survival times of non-human primate recipients of life-supporting kidney allografts. Audet, M; Beerli, C; Bigaud, M; Blancher, A; Heusser, C; Morris, RE; Wagner, J; Wieczorek, G, 2012)	0.38
" There were differences in the incidence, time to cerebral malaria and the level of parasitaemia when the drug combination was administered to mice."	( Atorvastatin treatment is effective when used in combination with mefloquine in an experimental cerebral malaria murine model. Amalvict, R; Baret, E; Briolant, S; Dormoi, J; Mosnier, J; Pradines, B; Rogier, C; Savini, H; Soulard, R; Souraud, JB, 2012)	0.38
"We investigated the use of dietary omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the treatment of neuroblastoma both as a sole agent and in combination with sunitinib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor."	( Inhibition of neuroblastoma cell proliferation with omega-3 fatty acids and treatment of a murine model of human neuroblastoma using a diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids in combination with sunitinib. Barnés, CM; Butterfield, C; Cassiola, F; Chaponis, D; Christison-Lagay, EA; Fallon, EM; Folkman, J; Kieran, M; Le, HD; Nehra, D; Panigrahy, D; Prox, D; Puder, M; Short, S, 2012)	0.38
" Mean plasma concentration-time profiles for atazanavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), darunavir (DRV, administered with ritonavir [RTV]), and drospirenone/ethinylestradiol were similar following co-administration of GSK2248761."	( Drug interaction profile for GSK2248761, a next generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. de Serres, M; Gould, E; Johnson, M; Kim, J; Lou, Y; Mayers, D; Pietropaolo, K; Piscitelli, S; White, S; Zhou, XJ, 2012)	0.38
" The immunomodulatory effects of the TKI toceranib, as a single agent or in combination with metronomic CYC, have not been previously investigated in dogs."	( Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of toceranib combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in dogs with cancer. Biller, BJ; Mitchell, L; Thamm, DH, )	0.13
"In addition to antitumor effects, these data support further investigations into the immunomodulatory effects of toceranib, administered alone or in combination with CYC in dogs with cancer."	( Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of toceranib combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in dogs with cancer. Biller, BJ; Mitchell, L; Thamm, DH, )	0.13
" A phase I trial was conducted to evaluate the safety of obatoclax, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor, given in combination with standard chemotherapy."	( A phase I trial of pan-Bcl-2 antagonist obatoclax administered as a 3-h or a 24-h infusion in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MS; Blakely, J; Chiappori, AA; Chu, QS; Moezi, MM; Ross, HJ; Salgia, R; Schnyder, J; Schreeder, MT; Stephenson, JJ; Subramaniam, DS, 2012)	0.38
" Patients were treated with escalating doses of obatoclax, either as a 3- or 24-h infusion, on days 1-3 of a 21-day cycle, in combination with carboplatin (area under the curve 5, day 1 only) and etoposide (100 mg m(-2), days 1-3)."	( A phase I trial of pan-Bcl-2 antagonist obatoclax administered as a 3-h or a 24-h infusion in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MS; Blakely, J; Chiappori, AA; Chu, QS; Moezi, MM; Ross, HJ; Salgia, R; Schnyder, J; Schreeder, MT; Stephenson, JJ; Subramaniam, DS, 2012)	0.38
"Although associated with a higher incidence of transient CNS AEs than the 24-h infusion, 3-h obatoclax infusion combined with carboplatin-etoposide was generally well tolerated at doses of 30 mg per day."	( A phase I trial of pan-Bcl-2 antagonist obatoclax administered as a 3-h or a 24-h infusion in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MS; Blakely, J; Chiappori, AA; Chu, QS; Moezi, MM; Ross, HJ; Salgia, R; Schnyder, J; Schreeder, MT; Stephenson, JJ; Subramaniam, DS, 2012)	0.38
" This open-label, non-comparative, multicenter phase II study evaluated TSU-68 in combination with docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer that had relapsed within 1 year despite prior treatment with an anthracycline-containing regimen."	( A multicenter phase II study of TSU-68, an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients with anthracycline resistance. Aogi, K; Arioka, H; Inoue, K; Ito, Y; Iwata, H; Saeki, T; Sato, Y; Takatsuka, Y; Toi, M; Tokuda, Y, 2014)	0.4
"TSU-68 in combination with docetaxel produced objective responses in 21."	( A multicenter phase II study of TSU-68, an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients with anthracycline resistance. Aogi, K; Arioka, H; Inoue, K; Ito, Y; Iwata, H; Saeki, T; Sato, Y; Takatsuka, Y; Toi, M; Tokuda, Y, 2014)	0.4
"TSU-68 in combination with docetaxel showed a promising antitumor response with manageable toxicity in patients with anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer."	( A multicenter phase II study of TSU-68, an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients with anthracycline resistance. Aogi, K; Arioka, H; Inoue, K; Ito, Y; Iwata, H; Saeki, T; Sato, Y; Takatsuka, Y; Toi, M; Tokuda, Y, 2014)	0.4
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
" There was no evidence of a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between sunitinib and 5-FU."	( A phase I, dose-finding study of sunitinib combined with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Bellmunt, J; Gil-Martín, M; Gómez-Martín, C; Khosravan, R; Lechuga, MJ; Lin, X; Montagut, C; Núñez, JA; Puig, M; Salazar, R; Tursi, JM, 2013)	0.39
"This phase I study assessed the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor effects of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6)."	( A phase I study of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Camidge, DR; Chan, E; Chow Maneval, E; Diab, S; Eckhardt, SG; Khosravan, R; Leong, S; Lin, X; Lockhart, AC; Messersmith, WA; Spratlin, J, 2012)	0.38
" No clinically significant drug-drug interactions were apparent between sunitinib, its metabolite SU12662, and mFOLFOX6."	( A phase I study of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Camidge, DR; Chan, E; Chow Maneval, E; Diab, S; Eckhardt, SG; Khosravan, R; Leong, S; Lin, X; Lockhart, AC; Messersmith, WA; Spratlin, J, 2012)	0.38
"Sunitinib combined with mFOLFOX6 had acceptable tolerability."	( A phase I study of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Camidge, DR; Chan, E; Chow Maneval, E; Diab, S; Eckhardt, SG; Khosravan, R; Leong, S; Lin, X; Lockhart, AC; Messersmith, WA; Spratlin, J, 2012)	0.38
" In the present study, the drug-drug interaction potential of multi-dose ATV co-administration with CLZ on both pharmacokinetics and the anti-thrombotic property of CLZ is demonstrated."	( Drug-drug interaction study to assess the effects of atorvastatin co-administration on pharmacokinetics and anti-thrombotic properties of cilostazol in male Wistar rats. Arla, R; Rajak, S; Varanasi, KV; Vats, R; Veeraraghvan, S, 2012)	0.38
"This exploratory study assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of sunitinib combined with docetaxel and trastuzumab."	( An exploratory study of sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab as first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Aldrighetti, D; Amadori, D; Bouko, Y; Canon, JL; Cardoso, F; Dirix, L; Giorgetti, C; Kern, KA; Machiels, JP; Usari, T; Verkh, L, 2012)	0.38
" Sunitinib and docetaxel levels were consistent with known single-agent levels, suggesting that there were no clinically relevant drug-drug interactions."	( An exploratory study of sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab as first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Aldrighetti, D; Amadori, D; Bouko, Y; Canon, JL; Cardoso, F; Dirix, L; Giorgetti, C; Kern, KA; Machiels, JP; Usari, T; Verkh, L, 2012)	0.38
"Sunitinib combined with docetaxel and trastuzumab had an acceptable toxicity profile and showed preliminary antitumor activity as first-line treatment for metastatic HER2+ breast cancer."	( An exploratory study of sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab as first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Aldrighetti, D; Amadori, D; Bouko, Y; Canon, JL; Cardoso, F; Dirix, L; Giorgetti, C; Kern, KA; Machiels, JP; Usari, T; Verkh, L, 2012)	0.38
" There were no clinically significant drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib combined with pemetrexed and cisplatin: results of a phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study in patients with advanced solid malignancies, with an expanded cohort in non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. Blais, N; Camidge, DR; Chao, RC; Chow, LQ; Doebele, RC; Jonker, DJ; Laurie, SA; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Soulières, D; Thall, A; Zhang, K, 2013)	0.39
"SilverHawk Plaque Excision combined with aggressive pharmacotherapy in this presented high-risk population is associated with promising long-term outcomes that compare favorably with accepted standards of care."	( Long-term results of plaque excision combined with aggressive pharmacotherapy in high-risk patients with advanced peripheral artery disease (SAVE a LEG registry). Buszman, PE; Buszman, PP; Kiesz, RS; Konkolewska, MD; Martin, JL; Radvany, MG; Szymanski, R; Wiernek, BK; Wiernek, SL, 2013)	0.39
"The curative and protective activity of sodium bicarbonate (SBC) at 1% alone or in combination with fludioxonil (FLU), thiabendazole (TBZ), or FLU and TBZ together, between 50 and 600 mg/L, was evaluated on fruit of different citrus species and cultivars."	( Residue levels and efficacy of fludioxonil and thiabendazole in controlling postharvest green mold decay in citrus fruit when applied in combination with sodium bicarbonate. Angioni, A; D'Aquino, S; Palma, A; Schirra, M, 2013)	0.39
" We here investigated the activity of E-3810 combined with different cytotoxic agents in a MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model."	( The tyrosine kinase inhibitor E-3810 combined with paclitaxel inhibits the growth of advanced-stage triple-negative breast cancer xenografts. Bello, E; Berndt, A; Camboni, G; Cavalletti, E; Colella, G; D'Incalci, M; Damia, G; Forestieri, D; Giavazzi, R; Licandro, SA; Richter, P; Taraboletti, G; Zucchetti, M, 2013)	0.39
"MDA-MB-231 xenografts were treated with radiation doses of 2-16 Gy alone, or in combination with bFGF (endothelial radio-protector) or Sunitinib as pharmacological modulators of the vasculature."	( Dose-dependent response of tumor vasculature to radiation therapy in combination with Sunitinib depicted by three-dimensional high-frequency power Doppler ultrasound. Czarnota, GJ; El Kaffas, A; Giles, A, 2013)	0.39
" Treatments where Sunitinib was combined with radiation demonstrated a significant increase in flow signal at doses equal or greater than 8 Gy."	( Dose-dependent response of tumor vasculature to radiation therapy in combination with Sunitinib depicted by three-dimensional high-frequency power Doppler ultrasound. Czarnota, GJ; El Kaffas, A; Giles, A, 2013)	0.39
" We also posit that the response observed when radiation is combined with Sunitinib is linked to a vascular "normalization" effect."	( Dose-dependent response of tumor vasculature to radiation therapy in combination with Sunitinib depicted by three-dimensional high-frequency power Doppler ultrasound. Czarnota, GJ; El Kaffas, A; Giles, A, 2013)	0.39
"To evaluated the effect of the gambogic acid (GA), one of the effective components of Garcinia, in combination with a new multi-targeted oral medication, sunitinib (SU) on renal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo."	( Targeting renal cell carcinoma with gambogic acid in combination with sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Jiang, XL; Luo, CL; Wu, XH; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Immunohistochemistry arrays showed downregulation of the expression of proteins promoting xenograft growth and angiogenesis, and Western blotting showed inhibition of the NF-?B signaling pathway after treatment by GA alone and in combination with SU in xenografts."	( Targeting renal cell carcinoma with gambogic acid in combination with sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Jiang, XL; Luo, CL; Wu, XH; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
" The efficacy of SST0001 was enhanced in combination with antiangiogenic agents (bevacizumab, sunitinib) as documented by the high rate of complete response."	( Antitumor efficacy of the heparanase inhibitor SST0001 alone and in combination with antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of human pediatric sarcoma models. Cassinelli, G; Cominetti, D; Favini, E; Lanzi, C; Penco, S; Petrangolini, G; Pisano, C; Tortoreto, M; Vlodavsky, I; Zaffaroni, N; Zunino, F, 2013)	0.39
" There were no clinically significant drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine for advanced solid tumours: a phase I dose-finding study. Chen, I; McDermott, DF; Michaelson, MD; Patyna, S; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Ryan, DP; Schwarzberg, AB; Shapiro, GI; Stephenson, P; Tye, L; Zhu, AX, 2013)	0.39
"Sunitinib plus gemcitabine on Schedule 2/1 with growth factor support was well tolerated and safely administered at maximum doses of each drug, without significant drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine for advanced solid tumours: a phase I dose-finding study. Chen, I; McDermott, DF; Michaelson, MD; Patyna, S; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Ryan, DP; Schwarzberg, AB; Shapiro, GI; Stephenson, P; Tye, L; Zhu, AX, 2013)	0.39
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical consequences of potential drug-drug interactions of clopidogrel with drugs affecting CYP3A4 activity."	( Epidemiology of CYP3A4-mediated clopidogrel drug-drug interactions and their clinical consequences. Heikkilä, P; Huupponen, R; Laine, K; Tirkkonen, T; Vahlberg, T, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic data revealed no clinically significant drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib combined with pemetrexed and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid malignancies--results of a phase I dose-escalation study. Blais, N; Camidge, DR; Chao, RC; Chow, LQ; Diab, SG; Jonker, DJ; Laurie, SA; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Soulières, D; Thall, A; Zhang, K, 2013)	0.39
"OTX008-alone or in combination with sunitinib-has a favorable PK and antineoplastic activity on selected tumor models through the effects on both endothelial and tumor cells."	( Pharmacokinetics and antineoplastic activity of galectin-1-targeting OTX008 in combination with sunitinib. Bonezzi, K; Borsotti, P; Cvitkovic, E; D'Incalci, M; Frapolli, R; Giavazzi, R; Noel, K; Sala, F; Taraboletti, G; Ubezio, P; Zangarini, M; Zucchetti, M, 2013)	0.39
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in combination with nonbiologic DMARDs."	( Tofacitinib in combination with nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Bradley, J; Fleischmann, R; Genovese, M; Gruben, D; Hall, S; Isaacs, JD; Koncz, T; Kremer, J; Krishnaswami, S; Li, ZG; Martin-Mola, E; Riese, R; Wallenstein, G; Zwillich, SH, 2013)	0.39
"This phase I study evaluated the safety of SU5416, a potent and selective inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase Flk-1, in combination with weekly cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( A phase I dose escalation and pharmacodynamic study of SU5416 (semaxanib) combined with weekly cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bekaii-Saab, T; Clinton, SK; Grever, MR; Kraut, EH; Martin, LK; Monk, P; Serna, D, 2013)	0.39
"SU5416 at 65 mg/m² twice weekly combined with cisplatin and irinotecan weekly for 4 of 6 weeks is well tolerated but without evidence of clinical activity."	( A phase I dose escalation and pharmacodynamic study of SU5416 (semaxanib) combined with weekly cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bekaii-Saab, T; Clinton, SK; Grever, MR; Kraut, EH; Martin, LK; Monk, P; Serna, D, 2013)	0.39
"Obatoclax was administered with docetaxel in patients with relapsed or refractory NSCLC- docetaxel as a 1-hour infusion on day 1 and obatoclax as a 24-hour infusion on days 1 and 2-every 3 weeks for up to eight cycles."	( Obatoclax mesylate, a pan-bcl-2 inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel in a phase 1/2 trial in relapsed non-small-cell lung cancer. Adams, JW; Berger, MS; Chiappori, A; Edelman, MJ; Haura, EB; Malik, S; Northfelt, DW; Rosen, P; Van Echo, DA; Williams, C, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, this fluoroquinolone seems to be the most appropriate in combination with this tyrosine kinase inhibitor."	( Pharmacokinetics of sunitinib in combination with fluoroquinolones in rabbit model. Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Sobańska, K; Szałek, E; Wolc, A, 2013)	0.39
" Only limited data are available on the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI)."	( Sunitinib for metastatic renal cell cancer patients: observational study highlighting the risk of important drug-drug interactions. De Both, A; Kruse, V; Rottey, S; Somers, A; Van Belle, S; Van Bortel, L, 2014)	0.4
" Possible pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions were most frequently found (47%) and reported as major interactions (QT prolongation)."	( Sunitinib for metastatic renal cell cancer patients: observational study highlighting the risk of important drug-drug interactions. De Both, A; Kruse, V; Rottey, S; Somers, A; Van Belle, S; Van Bortel, L, 2014)	0.4
" Due to adverse drug reactions and comorbidity, patients under sunitinib, a CYP3A4 substrate, took an average of 6·8 comedications provoking an important risk of major-to-moderate drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib for metastatic renal cell cancer patients: observational study highlighting the risk of important drug-drug interactions. De Both, A; Kruse, V; Rottey, S; Somers, A; Van Belle, S; Van Bortel, L, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this study was to determine the effects of statins combined with exercise on the renal function of CAD patients."	( Statins combined with exercise are associated with the increased renal function mediated by high-molecular-weight adiponectin in coronary artery disease patients. Iwasaki, Y; Jinnouchi, H; Ogawa, H; Oka, H; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Tanaka, T; Tayama, S; Toyama, K, 2014)	0.4
"We performed a sub-analysis of a clinical trial that determined the 20-week-effects of two statins (rosuvastatin, n=14; atorvastatin, n=14) combined with regular exercise on renal function, as assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) of CAD patients."	( Statins combined with exercise are associated with the increased renal function mediated by high-molecular-weight adiponectin in coronary artery disease patients. Iwasaki, Y; Jinnouchi, H; Ogawa, H; Oka, H; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Tanaka, T; Tayama, S; Toyama, K, 2014)	0.4
" Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin combined with regular exercise produced increases in eGFR."	( Statins combined with exercise are associated with the increased renal function mediated by high-molecular-weight adiponectin in coronary artery disease patients. Iwasaki, Y; Jinnouchi, H; Ogawa, H; Oka, H; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Tanaka, T; Tayama, S; Toyama, K, 2014)	0.4
"Statins combined with exercise significantly increased eGFR in CAD patients, and these improvements in renal function were correlated with increases in HMW-adiponectin levels."	( Statins combined with exercise are associated with the increased renal function mediated by high-molecular-weight adiponectin in coronary artery disease patients. Iwasaki, Y; Jinnouchi, H; Ogawa, H; Oka, H; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Tanaka, T; Tayama, S; Toyama, K, 2014)	0.4
" The goal of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of TSU-68 in combination with SOX."	( A phase II open-label randomized multicenter trial of TSU-68 in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin versus S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Choi, YJ; Chun, HG; Chung, HC; Chung, IJ; Han, SW; Kim, JG; Kim, SY; Kim, TW; Kim, YH; Lee, J; Shin, DB; Shin, SJ; Song, HS, 2014)	0.4
" This randomized phase 2 trial evaluated apricoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor, in combination with erlotinib in biomarker-selected patients."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, biomarker-selected, phase 2 study of apricoxib in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Bernstein, E; Burrows, F; Gitlitz, BJ; Milne, G; Otterson, GA; Santos, ES; Syto, M; Zaknoen, S, 2014)	0.4
"The aim of this study was to observe the effects of atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia."	( Effects of atorvastatin in combination with ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia. Du, S; Han, YG; Li, L; Luo, P; Wang, GG; Wang, LX; Wu, SL; Zhu, HH, 2014)	0.4
" Colchicine is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and whether colchicine combined with atorvastatin has synergistic effects on inflammation amelioration and endothelial function improvement is unknown."	( Synergistic effects of colchicine combined with atorvastatin in rats with hyperlipidemia. Cen, C; Ding, X; Huang, C; Wang, C; Zhan, H, 2014)	0.4
"5 mg/kg body weight/day), or atorvastatin combined with colchicines (same dosages) were prescribed for 2 weeks."	( Synergistic effects of colchicine combined with atorvastatin in rats with hyperlipidemia. Cen, C; Ding, X; Huang, C; Wang, C; Zhan, H, 2014)	0.4
"Colchicine combined with atorvastatin may have stronger protective effects on improving endothelial function and ameliorating inflammation in rats with hyperlipidemia."	( Synergistic effects of colchicine combined with atorvastatin in rats with hyperlipidemia. Cen, C; Ding, X; Huang, C; Wang, C; Zhan, H, 2014)	0.4
" In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of berberine combined with atorvastatin on LOX‑1 and explore the underlying molecular mechanism involved."	( Berberine combined with atorvastatin downregulates LOX‑1 expression through the ET‑1 receptor in monocyte/macrophages. Chi, L; Hu, X; Pan, N; Peng, L; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
"The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor evacetrapib has been previously shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as monotherapy or in combination with statins."	( Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with atorvastatin in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Krueger, KA; Morisaki, Y; Ruotolo, G; Takeuchi, M; Teramoto, T, 2014)	0.4
" The interindividual differences in transporter expression and CLupt resulted in marked differences in drug-drug interactions due to isoform-specific inhibition."	( Hepatic uptake of atorvastatin: influence of variability in transporter expression on uptake clearance and drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Karlgren, M; Lai, Y; Norén, A; Svedberg, EK; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2014)	0.4
"In a comparative aspect, the dynamics of indices of lipidogram, functional state of liver and level of C-reactive of protein have been analyzed in 79 patients with myocardial infarction in combination with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, who received a 9-months treatment by rosuvastatin of 20 mg, atorvastatin of 80 mg, as well as rosuvastatin of 10 mg, atorvastatin of 40 mg in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)."	( [Optimization of long-term hypolipidemia treatment of patients with myocardial infarction in combination with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]. , 2014)	0.4
" We conducted studies using a TKI (sunitinib or sorafenib) in combination with recombinant vaccines in two murine tumor models: colon carcinoma (MC38-CEA) and breast cancer (4T1)."	( Immune consequences of decreasing tumor vasculature with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with therapeutic vaccines. Coplin, MA; Donahue, RN; Farsaci, B; Grenga, I; Hodge, JW; Lepone, LM; Molinolo, AA, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sunitinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus TACE alone for treating patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	( Sunitinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization versus transarterial chemoembolization alone for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching study. Chen, J; Long, Y; Yin, X; Zhou, C, 2015)	0.42
"Compound danshen dripping pills combined with atorvastatin produces better effects than the drugs used alone in inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in rabbits after abdominal aorta angioplasty possibly due to a decreased expression of MCP-1 as a result of NF-κB inhibition."	( [Effect of compound Danshen dripping pills combined with atorvastatin on restenosis after angioplasty in rabbits]. Chen, C; Li, P; Song, J; Zeng, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) or pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) once every 21 days per the investigator was administered with apricoxib or placebo 400 mg once per day."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase II study of the efficacy and safety of apricoxib in combination with either docetaxel or pemetrexed in patients with biomarker-selected non-small-cell lung cancer. de Mayolo, JA; Edelman, MJ; Evans, TL; Feliciano, J; Fidler, MJ; Keresztes, R; Medeiros, M; Otterson, G; Rogers, JS; Sanborn, RE; Schneider, BJ; Sequist, LV; Tan, MT; Yang, Y; Zaknoen, SL, 2015)	0.42
" Overall, 63 treatment-naïve participants were recruited and received up to six 21-d cycles of cisplatin 70 mg/m2 (intravenously [IV], day 1) and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 (IV, days 1 and 8) combined with sunitinib 37."	( SUCCINCT: an open-label, single-arm, non-randomised, phase 2 trial of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in combination with sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Barber, J; Casbard, A; Chester, J; Cowles, R; Crabb, S; Elliott, T; Evans, J; Geldart, T; Griffiths, G; Huddart, RA; Jones, RJ; Mead, G; Protheroe, A; Smith, J, 2015)	0.42
" However, the effects on platelet activation of high levels of LDL-C combined with low levels of HDL-C (HLC) have not yet been reported."	( High levels of LDL-C combined with low levels of HDL-C further increase platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic patients. Chan, LW; Gu, XY; Li, J; Liu, L; Luo, XP; Ni, HC; Qiao, J; Shi, HM; Wen, ZC, 2015)	0.42
"Ion mobility was performed on stored plasma samples collected from patients before and after treatment with anacetrapib alone (150 and 300 mg/d) or in combination with atorvastatin (20 mg/d) in a previously conducted 8-week phase IIb study."	( Changes in LDL particle concentrations after treatment with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor anacetrapib alone or in combination with atorvastatin. Dansky, HM; Johnson-Levonas, AO; Krauss, RM; Liu, Y; Pinto, CA, )	0.13
"The results of investigations had showed the high efficiency of the combination of atorvastatin with telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity and NAFLD."	( Combined effect of appointment telmisartan and atorvastatin on hemodynamic indicators and the indicators of lipid profile in patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity and steatohepatitis. Bochar, OM, 2014)	0.4
"To study the protective effects of valsartan (Val) and benazepril, (Ben) combined with atorvastatin (Ato), on cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in rats."	( Protective effects of valsartan and benazepril combined with atorvastatin on cardiorenal syndrome in rats. Chen, J; Hu, YJ; Peng, DF; Tang, SY, 2015)	0.42
"Valsartan and benazepril, combined with atorvastatin, can have significant protective effects on cardiorenal functions of rats with CRS, with no significant difference between these two drugs."	( Protective effects of valsartan and benazepril combined with atorvastatin on cardiorenal syndrome in rats. Chen, J; Hu, YJ; Peng, DF; Tang, SY, 2015)	0.42
"To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture therapy combined with Lipitor in the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia (spleen deficiency and food stagnation type)."	( [Clinical trials for treatment of primary hyperlipidemia by using acupuncture in combination with Lipitor]. Song, J; Sun, YZ, 2015)	0.42
"Acupuncture combined with administration of Lipitor is effective in improving primary hyperlipidemia in patients, which is superior to administration of simple Lipitor."	( [Clinical trials for treatment of primary hyperlipidemia by using acupuncture in combination with Lipitor]. Song, J; Sun, YZ, 2015)	0.42
" Moreover, although further studies are still necessary to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit in a clinical context, our findings suggest that miRNA modulation by the targeted nanoparticles combined with anti-angiogenic chemotherapy may hold promise as an attractive approach towards GBM treatment."	( MiRNA-21 silencing mediated by tumor-targeted nanoparticles combined with sunitinib: A new multimodal gene therapy approach for glioblastoma. Cardoso, AL; Costa, PM; Cunha, P; Custódia, C; Pedroso de Lima, MC; Pereira de Almeida, L, 2015)	0.42
" It is concluded that obatoclax can be safely administered to relapsed CLL patients in combination with FR and shows promising clinical activity."	( Obatoclax in combination with fludarabine and rituximab is well-tolerated and shows promising clinical activity in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Brown, JR; Fisher, DC; Freedman, AS; Mikler, E; Neuberg, D; Reynolds, HM; Takebe, N; Tesar, B; Thompson, C; Werner, L; Yu, L, 2015)	0.42
" When combined with focused US, GMBL facilitated local BBB/BTB disruption and simultaneously released LY364947 to decrease the pericyte coverage of the endothelium at the targeted brain tumor sites, resulting in enhanced accumulation and antitumor activity of FPD."	( Targeting microbubbles-carrying TGFβ1 inhibitor combined with ultrasound sonication induce BBB/BTB disruption to enhance nanomedicine treatment for brain tumors. Chen, LF; Chen, YC; Chiang, CF; Hsieh, WY; Lin, WL; Wu, SK, 2015)	0.42
"AGS-003 is a novel autologous dendritic cell vaccine currently in Phase III clinical development in combination with sunitinib for patients with intermediate- and poor-risk clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (ccmRCC)."	( Personalized immunotherapy ( AGS-003 ) when combined with sunitinib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Figlin, RA, 2015)	0.42
"In addition to research published within the past 15 years demonstrating the efficacy of novel targeted therapies, early-phase clinical trial results recently published for AGS-003 in combination with sunitinib are discussed, as well as the ongoing Phase III clinical trial Autologous Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy (AGS-003) Plus Standard Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma."	( Personalized immunotherapy ( AGS-003 ) when combined with sunitinib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Figlin, RA, 2015)	0.42
"AGS-003 in combination with sunitinib is a rational step forward for the clinical management of patients with ccmRCC."	( Personalized immunotherapy ( AGS-003 ) when combined with sunitinib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Figlin, RA, 2015)	0.42
"Obatoclax is a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor with promising efficacy, especially when combined with other antineoplastic agents."	( Obatoclax as a perpetrator in drug-drug interactions and its efficacy in multidrug resistance cell lines. Allendorf, D; Jassowicz, A; Köhler, BC; Theile, D; Weiss, J, 2015)	0.42
"To best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pericardial and pleural effusions combined with ascites, precipitated with severe sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism."	( Pleural and pericardial effusions combined with ascites in a patient with severe sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism. Čaržavec, D; Gaćina, P; Kruljac, I; Kust, D; Ostojić, J; Peternac, AŠ; Prpić, M, 2016)	0.43
" Here we studied if a combination of SU5416 administration combined with pneumonectomy (PNx), to induce abnormal PBF in the contralateral lung, is sufficient to induce severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats."	( Pneumonectomy combined with SU5416 induces severe pulmonary hypertension in rats. Bogaard, HJ; de Man, FS; de Raaf, MA; Happé, CM; Rol, N; Schalij, I; Voelkel, NF; Vonk-Noordegraaf, A; Westerhof, N, 2016)	0.43
"Thoracic (chemo)radiation therapy is increasingly administered with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)."	( Effects of local irradiation combined with sunitinib on early remodeling, mitochondria, and oxidative stress in the rat heart. Boerma, M; Cao, M; Joseph, J; Melnyk, SB; Moros, EG; Pavliv, O; Sharma, S; Singh, SP; Sridharan, V; Thomas, CJ, 2016)	0.43
" The first cohort received sunitinib alone for cycle 1 (50 mg daily for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks off) and received sunitinib at standard dose 50 mg daily for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off in combination with sirolimus 4 mg weekly; this dose and schedule were further investigated in second cohort."	( Phase I study of safety and tolerability of sunitinib in combination with sirolimus in patients with refractory solid malignancies and determination of VEGF (VEGF-A) and soluble VEGF-R2 (sVEGFR2) in plasma. Devine, L; Kelly, WK; Kluger, H; Lee, JJ; Li, J; Rink, L; Saif, MW, 2016)	0.43
"Toxicity precluded dose escalation of weekly sirolimus in combination with a standard sunitinib dose/schedule."	( Phase I study of safety and tolerability of sunitinib in combination with sirolimus in patients with refractory solid malignancies and determination of VEGF (VEGF-A) and soluble VEGF-R2 (sVEGFR2) in plasma. Devine, L; Kelly, WK; Kluger, H; Lee, JJ; Li, J; Rink, L; Saif, MW, 2016)	0.43
" Tofacitinib can be administered as a monotherapy or in combination with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."	( Initial Experience With Tofacitinib in Clinical Practice: Treatment Patterns and Costs of Tofacitinib Administered as Monotherapy or in Combination With Conventional Synthetic DMARDs in 2 US Health Care Claims Databases. Curtis, JR; Gerber, R; Gruben, D; Harnett, J; Koenig, A, 2016)	0.43
" In this randomized Phase 2 trial, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of LY2510924 (LY), a peptide antagonist of CXCR4, combined with sunitinib (SUN) in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)."	( A Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Study of the CXCR4 Inhibitor LY2510924 in Combination with Sunitinib Versus Sunitinib Alone in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Arrowsmith, ER; Crane, EJ; Flynt, A; Hainsworth, JD; Hamid, O; Mace, JR; Polzer, J; Reeves, JA; Roberson, S; Stille, JR, 2016)	0.43
"To evaluate the inhibitory effect of imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice, and to explore its possible mechanisms."	( [Inhibitory effect of imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of human lung cancer xenografts in nude mice]. Chen, G; Li, YH; Wang, DC; Wang, LC; Wang, LJ; Zhao, YX; Zhao, ZF, 2016)	0.43
" Twenty-eight healthy male nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, imrecoxib group, lobaplatin group and imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin group."	( [Inhibitory effect of imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of human lung cancer xenografts in nude mice]. Chen, G; Li, YH; Wang, DC; Wang, LC; Wang, LJ; Zhao, YX; Zhao, ZF, 2016)	0.43
"Administration of imrecoxib combined with lobaphatin has inhibitory effects on the growth of non-small cell lung cancer xenografts and lymph node metastasis via down-regulated ezrin and upregulated E-cadherin."	( [Inhibitory effect of imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of human lung cancer xenografts in nude mice]. Chen, G; Li, YH; Wang, DC; Wang, LC; Wang, LJ; Zhao, YX; Zhao, ZF, 2016)	0.43
" When combined with sunitinib, dalantercept induced tumor necrosis and prevented tumor regrowth and revascularization typically seen with sunitinib monotherapy in two RCC models."	( Inhibition of ALK1 signaling with dalantercept combined with VEGFR TKI leads to tumor stasis in renal cell carcinoma. Alimzhanov, M; Alsop, DC; Atkins, MB; Bhasin, MK; Bhatt, RS; Callea, M; Khanna, P; Kumar, R; Mier, JW; Pearsall, RS; Signoretti, S; Solban, N; Song, J; Wang, X, 2016)	0.43
" We compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with RA treated with tofacitinib or placebo in combination with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."	( Tofacitinib in Combination With Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial. Gruben, D; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Strand, V; Wallenstein, GV; Zwillich, SH, 2017)	0.46
"In a 12-month, phase III randomized controlled trial (ORAL Sync), patients (n = 795) with active RA and previous inadequate response to therapy with ≥1 conventional or biologic DMARD were randomized 4:4:1:1 to tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID), tofacitinib 10 mg BID, placebo advanced to 5 mg BID, or placebo to 10 mg BID, in combination with stable background DMARD therapy."	( Tofacitinib in Combination With Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial. Gruben, D; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Strand, V; Wallenstein, GV; Zwillich, SH, 2017)	0.46
"Patients with active RA treated with tofacitinib combined with background conventional DMARD therapy reported sustained, significant, and clinically meaningful improvements in PROs versus placebo."	( Tofacitinib in Combination With Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial. Gruben, D; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Strand, V; Wallenstein, GV; Zwillich, SH, 2017)	0.46
"In this study, the in vitro cytotoxic effect of sunitinib malate alone and combination with hyperthermia was evaluated on MCF-7 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line)."	( In vitro cytotoxic effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate alone and in combination with hyperthermia on breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Cetin, I; Topcul, MR, )	0.13
" Sunitinib malate doses of 1, 5 and 10 μM were applied alone and in combination with hyperthermia to cells for 24-72 hrs."	( In vitro cytotoxic effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate alone and in combination with hyperthermia on breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Cetin, I; Topcul, MR, )	0.13
"Labeling index and mitotic index values show that sunitinib malate combined with hyperthermia was significantly more effective in MCF-7 cells than when given alone."	( In vitro cytotoxic effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate alone and in combination with hyperthermia on breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Cetin, I; Topcul, MR, )	0.13
"This phase 2, open-label, single-center study in healthy Japanese males evaluated drug-drug interactions between vonoprazan 40 mg and LDA (100 mg) or NSAIDs [loxoprofen sodium (60 mg), diclofenac sodium (25 mg), or meloxicam (10 mg)] and vice versa."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Between Vonoprazan and Low-Dose Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Phase 2, Open-Label, Study in Healthy Japanese Men. Horii, S; Nakamura, K; Nishimura, A; Okamoto, H; Sakata, Y; Sakurai, Y; Shiino, M, 2017)	0.46
" There were few differences in the pharmacokinetics of vonoprazan when administered with LDA or NSAIDs, and few differences in the pharmacokinetics of LDA or NSAIDs when administered with vonoprazan."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Between Vonoprazan and Low-Dose Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Phase 2, Open-Label, Study in Healthy Japanese Men. Horii, S; Nakamura, K; Nishimura, A; Okamoto, H; Sakata, Y; Sakurai, Y; Shiino, M, 2017)	0.46
"No clinically meaningful drug-drug interactions were observed and vonoprazan was well tolerated when administered with LDA or NSAIDs."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Between Vonoprazan and Low-Dose Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Phase 2, Open-Label, Study in Healthy Japanese Men. Horii, S; Nakamura, K; Nishimura, A; Okamoto, H; Sakata, Y; Sakurai, Y; Shiino, M, 2017)	0.46
" Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of sunitinib alone and in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of ABC."	( Sunitinib alone or in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. El Ashal, G; Elgebaly, A; Ghanem, E; Menshawy, A; Negida, A; Omar, A; Osama, O, 2016)	0.43
"Current evidence shows that sunitinib, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has no clinical benefit for patients with advanced breast cancer."	( Sunitinib alone or in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. El Ashal, G; Elgebaly, A; Ghanem, E; Menshawy, A; Negida, A; Omar, A; Osama, O, 2016)	0.43
"To investigate the anti-tumor effect of sunitinib in combination with dopamine in the treatment of nu/nu nude mice bearing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells and to develop the combination PK/PD model."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Anti-Tumor Effect of Sunitinib Combined with Dopamine in the Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft. Hao, F; Li, J; Lu, W; Wang, L; Wang, S; Xue, J; Zhou, T; Zhu, X, 2017)	0.46
" The optimal dose regimen was selected as sunitinib (120 mg/kg, q3d) in combination with dopamine (2 mg/kg, q3d) based on the simulation study."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Anti-Tumor Effect of Sunitinib Combined with Dopamine in the Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft. Hao, F; Li, J; Lu, W; Wang, L; Wang, S; Xue, J; Zhou, T; Zhu, X, 2017)	0.46
" Thirteen different TKIs were combined with or without SZU-101 and studied to determine their effects on immunocytes."	( Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Effects of a Novel TLR7 Agonist Combined with Lapatinib. Diao, Y; Gao, N; Jiang, W; Jin, G; Jin, Z; Li, W; Liu, Y; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhong, J, 2016)	0.43
"Coadministration of diclofenac and sunitinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, led to sex-divergent pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction outcomes."	( Diclofenac sex-divergent drug-drug interaction with Sunitinib: pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in male and female mice. Chee, EL; Chee, YL; Chew, CC; Fernández, C; Koo, TW; Liew, MH; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Ng, S; Segarra, I, 2017)	0.46
" Here, we investigated the sensitivity of a panel of breast cancer cell lines to treatment with various types of HER-family inhibitors alone or in combination with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents."	( Synergistic effects of various Her inhibitors in combination with IGF-1R, C-MET and Src targeting agents in breast cancer cell lines. Ashrafi, GH; Modjtahedi, H; Seddon, AM; Stanley, A, 2017)	0.46
" They are administered individually or in combination with other regimens, to prevent severe side effects and resistance development."	( Bortezomib Alone and in Combination With Salinosporamid A Induces Apoptosis and Promotes Pheochromocytoma Cell Death In Vitro and in Female Nude Mice. Bullova, P; Cougnoux, A; Kopacek, J; Marzouca, G; Pacak, K, 2017)	0.46
" This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of orantinib combined with conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (cTACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma."	( Orantinib versus placebo combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENTAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Arai, Y; Arioka, H; Cheng, AL; Chiu, CF; Heo, J; Hidaka, H; Izumi, N; Kudo, M; Lee, YJ; Liang, PC; Morita, S; Park, JH; Park, JW; Sheen, IS, 2018)	0.48
"Orantinib combined with cTACE did not improve overall survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma."	( Orantinib versus placebo combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENTAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Arai, Y; Arioka, H; Cheng, AL; Chiu, CF; Heo, J; Hidaka, H; Izumi, N; Kudo, M; Lee, YJ; Liang, PC; Morita, S; Park, JH; Park, JW; Sheen, IS, 2018)	0.48
" Targeting AKT in combination with WEE1 (mitotic inhibitor kinase) seems to have potential to make AKT-based therapeutics effective clinically."	( Moving Synergistically Acting Drug Combinations to the Clinic by Comparing Sequential versus Simultaneous Drug Administrations. Berg, A; Dinavahi, SS; Drabick, JJ; Gowda, R; Neves, RI; Noory, MA; Robertson, GP, 2018)	0.48
" Vitamin D compounds have been shown to exert synergistic effects when used in combination with different agents used in anticancer therapies in different cancer models."	( Vitamin D derivatives potentiate the anticancer and anti-angiogenic activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with cytostatic drugs in an A549 non-small cell lung cancer model. Filip-Psurska, B; Kutner, A; Maj, E; Milczarek, M; Psurski, M; Wietrzyk, J, 2018)	0.48
"The present study aimed to investigate the effects of obatoclax (OBX) combined with gemcitabine (GEM) treatment on the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC‑3 under hypoxic conditions."	( Effects of obatoclax combined with gemcitabine on the biological activity of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Hou, XF; Li, K; Li, S; Wang, JF; Wu, C; Xu, SN, 2018)	0.48
" We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of GDC-0575 alone and in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.48
"In this phase I open-label study, in the dose escalation stage, patients were enrolled in a GDC-0575 monotherapy Arm (1) or GDC-0575 combination with gemcitabine Arm (2) to determine the maximum tolerated dose."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.48
" No pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was observed between GDC-0575 and gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.48
"GDC-0575 can be safely administered as a monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine; however, overall tolerability with gemcitabine was modest."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.48
" We retrospectively analyzed the clinical efficacy between SU/SO combined with DC-CIK and SU/SO monotherapy in treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with metastasis after radical nephrectomy."	( Retrospective analysis on the efficacy of sunitinib/sorafenib in combination with dendritic cells-cytokine-induced killer in metastasis renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. Chen, LJ; Li, BT; Mai, HX; Mei, GH; Tang, YY; Xu, XJ; Zhang, B; Zhao, FL, 2018)	0.48
"All patients (n = 34) with postoperative mRCC in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2014 were received either SU/SO monotherapy (Group 1, n = 15) or in combination with DC-CIK (Group 2, n = 19)."	( Retrospective analysis on the efficacy of sunitinib/sorafenib in combination with dendritic cells-cytokine-induced killer in metastasis renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. Chen, LJ; Li, BT; Mai, HX; Mei, GH; Tang, YY; Xu, XJ; Zhang, B; Zhao, FL, 2018)	0.48
"Pooled data from six double-blind, randomized controlled Phase 3 studies of tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID in patients with RA were analyzed for safety and stratified by administration as monotherapy (ORAL Solo: NCT00814307 and ORAL Start: NCT01039688) or in combination with csDMARDs (ORAL Sync: NCT00856544, ORAL Standard: NCT00853385, ORAL Scan: NCT00847613, and ORAL Step: NCT00960440), and by glucocorticoid use at baseline."	( A pooled analysis of the safety of tofacitinib as monotherapy or in combination with background conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in a Phase 3 rheumatoid arthritis population. Bananis, E; Cohen, S; Connell, CA; Fan, H; Fleischmann, R; Haraoui, B; Kaine, J; Keystone, E; Kivitz, AJ; Takiya, L; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2018)	0.48
"BEECH investigated the efficacy of capivasertib (AZD5363), an oral inhibitor of AKT isoforms 1-3, in combination with the first-line weekly paclitaxel for advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer, and in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide mutation sub-population (PIK3CA+)."	( BEECH: a dose-finding run-in followed by a randomised phase II study assessing the efficacy of AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) combined with paclitaxel in patients with estrogen receptor-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer, and in a PIK3CA Alarcón, E; Armstrong, AC; Cheung, SYA; Corcoran, C; Cullberg, M; Davies, BR; de Bruin, EC; Foxley, A; Gómez Villanueva, A; Lindemann, JPO; López Chuken, YA; Maudsley, R; Moschetta, M; Oliveira, M; Outhwaite, E; Pass, M; Pérez-Fidalgo, JA; Philco, M; Rugman, P; Sablin, MP; Schiavon, G; Tamura, K; Turner, NC, 2019)	0.51
" One of the most promising rodent models of increased pulmonary flow is the unilateral left pneumonectomy combined with a "second hit" of MCT or Sugen."	( The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Bisserier, M; Bridges, CR; Fargnoli, AS; Gubara, SM; Hadri, L; Hajjar, RJ; Katz, MG; Sassi, Y, 2019)	0.51
"A randomized, phase III trial of orantinib in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) did not prolong overall survival (OS) over placebo (ORIENTAL study)."	( Subgroup analysis of efficacy and safety of orantinib in combination with TACE in Japanese HCC patients in a randomized phase III trial (ORIENTAL). Arai, Y; Aramaki, T; Arioka, H; Furuse, J; Hidaka, H; Ikeda, M; Imanaka, K; Inaba, Y; Izumi, N; Kanazawa, S; Kaneko, S; Kora, S; Kudo, M; Matsui, O; Morita, S; Okusaka, T; Saito, H; Yamashita, T; Yokosuka, O, 2019)	0.51
"This was an investigator-initiated, phase I, dose escalation study of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib combined with pexidartinib, a potent inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and FLT3, in patients with advanced or metastatic GIST who progressed on imatinib."	( A Phase I Study of Binimetinib (MEK162) Combined with Pexidartinib (PLX3397) in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Adamson, T; Antonescu, CR; Chi, P; Condy, M; D'Angelo, SP; Dickson, MA; Gounder, M; Hwang, S; Kelly, C; Keohan, ML; Mcfadyen, CR; Movva, S; Qin, LX; Rosenbaum, E; Singer, S; Tap, WD, 2019)	0.51
"Pexidartinib combined with binimetinib was tolerable, and meaningful clinical activity was observed in two imatinib-refractory patients."	( A Phase I Study of Binimetinib (MEK162) Combined with Pexidartinib (PLX3397) in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Adamson, T; Antonescu, CR; Chi, P; Condy, M; D'Angelo, SP; Dickson, MA; Gounder, M; Hwang, S; Kelly, C; Keohan, ML; Mcfadyen, CR; Movva, S; Qin, LX; Rosenbaum, E; Singer, S; Tap, WD, 2019)	0.51
"The activity of MP1, a pyrrolomycin, was studied in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma (NB) alone and combined with temsirolimus (TEM)."	( Effects of novel pyrrolomycin MP1 in MYCN amplified chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell lines alone and combined with temsirolimus. Alexander, G; Bai, D; Chhonker, YS; Coulter, DW; Li, J; Li, R; Liu, Y; McGuire, TR; McIntyre, EM; Murry, DJ; Qiao, Z; Sharp, JG; Sughroue, JA; Yang, Z, 2019)	0.51
" When combined with TEM anti-tumor activity was potentiated in-vitro and in-vivo."	( Effects of novel pyrrolomycin MP1 in MYCN amplified chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell lines alone and combined with temsirolimus. Alexander, G; Bai, D; Chhonker, YS; Coulter, DW; Li, J; Li, R; Liu, Y; McGuire, TR; McIntyre, EM; Murry, DJ; Qiao, Z; Sharp, JG; Sughroue, JA; Yang, Z, 2019)	0.51
") given 4 days on and 3 days off, in combination with enzalutamide 160 mg daily."	( A phase I dose-escalation study of enzalutamide in combination with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 (capivasertib) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Banerji, U; Bianchini, D; Carreira, S; Crespo, M; de Bono, JS; Figueiredo, I; Flohr, P; Hall, E; Kolinsky, MP; Lambros, M; Leonard, L; Luo, J; Mateo, J; Mehra, N; Michalarea, V; Miranda, S; Nava Rodrigues, D; Plymate, S; Porta, N; Raynaud, FI; Rescigno, P; Riisnaes, R; Ruddle, R; Sharp, A; Slade, R; Swales, KE; Tovey, H; Tunariu, N; Welti, J; Zafeiriou, Z, 2020)	0.56
"PIs cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with most statins due to inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1, which may alter the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of statins."	( Real-life management of drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and statins. Alves Saldanha, S; Battegay, M; Cavassini, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Livio, F; Marzolini, C; Scherrer, A; Stoeckle, M, 2020)	0.56
"To evaluate the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction and the safety and tolerability when ubrogepant and sumatriptan are coadministered in a Phase 1 study in healthy participants, and to inform the safety and tolerability of ubrogepant alone and in combination with triptans in Phase 3 trials in participants with migraine."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Sumatriptan and of the Safety of Ubrogepant With Triptans. Boinpally, R; Butler, M; Jakate, A; Lu, K; McGeeney, D; Periclou, A, 2020)	0.56
" The present study evaluated if the plasma-synthesized PPy/I applied in combination with RB could increase its beneficial effects and the mechanisms involved."	( Recovery of motor function after traumatic spinal cord injury by using plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine application in combination with a mixed rehabilitation scheme. Álvarez-Mejía, L; Buzoianu-Anguiano, V; Coyoy-Salgado, A; Cruz, GJ; Damián-Matsumura, P; Díaz-Ruíz, A; Fabela-Sánchez, O; González-Ruiz, C; Mondragón-Lozano, R; Morales, J; Morales-Guadarrama, A; Olayo, MG; Olayo, R; Orozco-Barrios, C; Orozco-Suárez, S; Ríos, C; Salgado-Ceballos, H; Sánchez-Torres, S, 2020)	0.56
" Here, the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of esaxerenone was evaluated in vitro, and its impact in clinical practice was estimated."	( Drug-Drug Interaction Risk Assessment of Esaxerenone as a Perpetrator by In Vitro Studies and Static and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models. Fischer, T; Inoue, SI; Ishizuka, T; Rozehnal, V; Sugiyama, D; Yamada, M, 2020)	0.56
" Herein, 2 open-label, single-sequence, crossover studies evaluated the drug-drug interaction potential of pexidartinib on CYP enzymes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A) and P-gp."	( Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interaction Risk of Pexidartinib With Substrates of Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein. Babiker, HM; Gajee, R; Gordon, MS; Greenberg, J; Kobayashi, F; Wagner, AJ; Wang, Q; Zahir, H; Zamora, C, 2021)	0.62
" In vitro and in vivo studies revealed significant efficacy of MK-1775 (Wee1 inhibitor) in combination with avapritinib in KIT mutant and PDGFRA mutant GIST cell lines as well as notable efficacy of MK-1775 as a monotherapy in the engineered PDGFRA mutant line."	( Identification of Wee1 as a target in combination with avapritinib for gastrointestinal stromal tumor treatment. Belinsky, MG; D'Souza, J; DeMatteo, R; Devarajan, K; Duncan, JS; Einarson, MB; Heinrich, MC; Johnson, KJ; Klug, L; Kozinova, M; Litwin, S; Rink, L; Sharipova, D; von Mehren, M; Ye, S; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Collectively, our results indicate that HS-10296 and famitinib exhibit significant synergistic antitumor activity, suggesting that the third-generation EGFR inhibitor combined with VEGFR inhibitor provides a promising strategy in the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC."	( Third-generation EGFR inhibitor HS-10296 in combination with famitinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exerts synergistic antitumor effects through enhanced inhibition of downstream signaling in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Fu, H; Fu, L; Li, Y; Lou, L; Quan, H; Zhang, M, 2021)	0.62
"To compare survival in dogs with recurrent or metastatic insulinomas that were treated with palliative therapy, alone or in combination with toceranib phosphate and to assess tolerability of the combined therapy in dogs."	( Evaluation of palliative therapy, alone or in combination with toceranib phosphate, in dogs diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent beta-cell neoplasia. Alonso-Miguel, D; Clarés Moral, I; García-San José, P; González Sanz, S; Pérez-Alenza, MD, 2021)	0.62
"The use of toceranib combined with palliative treatment in dogs with suspect metastatic or recurrent insulinomas increased survival time and was adequate tolerated."	( Evaluation of palliative therapy, alone or in combination with toceranib phosphate, in dogs diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent beta-cell neoplasia. Alonso-Miguel, D; Clarés Moral, I; García-San José, P; González Sanz, S; Pérez-Alenza, MD, 2021)	0.62
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."	( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions. Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)	0.62
" Subsequently, these data were used in the Drug-Drug Interaction module to simulate drug interaction potential of remdesivir with other COVID-19 drug regimens and with agents used for comorbidities."	( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions. Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)	0.62
" Two drug-drug interaction studies, one with acid-reducing agents, esomeprazole (proton pump inhibitor [PPI]) and ranitidine (histamine-2 [H2] antagonist), and the other with potent CYP3A-modulating agents, itraconazole (CYP3A inhibitor) and rifampin (CYP3A inducer), were performed."	( Evaluation of drug-drug interactions of pemigatinib in healthy participants. Chen, X; Epstein, N; Ji, T; Overholt, H; Punwani, N; Rockich, K; Wang, P; Yeleswaram, S, 2021)	0.62
"On the basis of strong preclinical rationale, we sought to confirm recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, combined with the AKT inhibitor capivasertib and assess molecular markers of response and resistance."	( Phase Ib Dose Expansion and Translational Analyses of Olaparib in Combination with Capivasertib in Recurrent Endometrial, Triple-Negative Breast, and Ovarian Cancer. Blucher, A; Chelariu-Raicu, A; Chen, TH; Coleman, RL; Creason, A; Fang, Y; Fellman, B; Feng, N; Frumovitz, M; Jazaeri, A; Kabil, N; Kim, TB; Labrie, M; Lee, S; Litton, JK; Liu, J; Lu, KH; Ma, X; Marszalek, JR; Meyer, LA; Mills, GB; Murthy, R; Schmeler, KM; Soliman, PT; Sood, AK; Sun, CC; Vellano, CP; Westin, SN; Yuan, Y, 2021)	0.62
" We aimed to evaluate the Janus kinase 1 inhibitor itacitinib versus placebo, both in combination with corticosteroids, for initial treatment of acute GVHD."	( Efficacy and safety of itacitinib versus placebo in combination with corticosteroids for initial treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (GRAVITAS-301): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Abhyankar, S; Arbushites, M; Barbour, AM; Chacon, MJ; Chen, YB; Clausen, J; Deeren, D; Ghosh, M; Giebel, S; Kwon, M; Lakshminarayanan, M; Meyers, G; Morariu-Zamfir, R; Sanz, J; Schroeder, MA; Socié, G; Vaz, CP; Volodin, L; Zeiser, R, 2022)	0.72
"This phase I multicenter study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and translational effects on the tumor microenvironment of itacitinib (Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor) in combination with epacadostat (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor) or parsaclisib (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitor)."	( Exploring the safety, effect on the tumor microenvironment, and efficacy of itacitinib in combination with epacadostat or parsaclisib in advanced solid tumors: a phase I study. Berlin, JD; Ding, K; Garrido-Laguna, I; Geschwindt, R; Leopold, L; LoRusso, PM; Luke, JJ; Mansfield, AS; Messersmith, WA; Naing, A; Nemunaitis, JJ; Powderly, JD; Sahebjam, S; Smith, M, 2022)	0.72
"Adverse events with JAK1 inhibition combined with either IDO1 or PI3Kδ inhibition were manageable, but the combinations demonstrated limited clinical activity or enhancement of immune activation in the tumor microenvironment."	( Exploring the safety, effect on the tumor microenvironment, and efficacy of itacitinib in combination with epacadostat or parsaclisib in advanced solid tumors: a phase I study. Berlin, JD; Ding, K; Garrido-Laguna, I; Geschwindt, R; Leopold, L; LoRusso, PM; Luke, JJ; Mansfield, AS; Messersmith, WA; Naing, A; Nemunaitis, JJ; Powderly, JD; Sahebjam, S; Smith, M, 2022)	0.72
" Here, we investigate the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction potential of trilaciclib."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Studies Between Trilaciclib and Midazolam, Metformin, Rifampin, Itraconazole, and Topotecan in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Beelen, A; Curd, L; Goti, V; Horton, JK; Li, C; Sale, M; Tao, W, 2022)	0.72
"Overall, the drug-drug interaction and safety profiles of trilaciclib in these studies support its continued use in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Studies Between Trilaciclib and Midazolam, Metformin, Rifampin, Itraconazole, and Topotecan in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Beelen, A; Curd, L; Goti, V; Horton, JK; Li, C; Sale, M; Tao, W, 2022)	0.72
"To analyze the significance of ezetimibe in combination with low- to moderate-intensity atorvastatin adjuvant aspirin therapy for cerebrovascular disease."	( Implications of Ezetimibe in Combination with Low- to Moderate-Intensity Atorvastatin Adjuvant Aspirin Therapy for Cerebrovascular Disease. Tang, X; Wang, L, 2022)	0.72
"Ezetimibe combined with medium- and low-intensity atorvastatin with aspirin in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases can effectively improve the coagulation function of patients, reduce the level of inflammatory factors in patients, and improve the level of blood lipids in patients, with high safety and worthy of clinical application."	( Implications of Ezetimibe in Combination with Low- to Moderate-Intensity Atorvastatin Adjuvant Aspirin Therapy for Cerebrovascular Disease. Tang, X; Wang, L, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The rate of absorption of K and formation of PHK, as determined by Cmax and Tmax values, was significantly slower following the im doses."	( Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac and p-hydroxyketorolac following oral and intramuscular administration of ketorolac tromethamine. Bynum, L; Jung, D; Ling, TL; Mroszczak, EJ; Sevelius, H; Wu, A, 1989)	0.28
"9 h, respectively) and the systemic bioavailability was essentially complete."	( Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine in humans after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. Bynum, L; Jung, D; Mroszczak, E, 1988)	0.27
" Assessment of Z's absolute bioavailability in monkeys (10 mg/kg, iv vs."	( The metabolism of zomepirac sodium. I. Disposition in laboratory animals and man. Grindel, JM; McKown, LA; Migdalof, BH; O'Neill, PJ; Schwartz, MH; Wu, WN; Yorgey, KA, )	0.13
" After a single topical application of tolmetin gel to the shaved backs of rats, tolmetin was well absorbed percutaneously into the non-inflamed dorsal muscle."	( Tolmetin uptake into inflamed tissue in the rat. Chasseaud, LF; John, BA; Wood, SG, 1983)	0.27
" The bioavailability of zomepirac was unaffected by single or repeated doses of antacid."	( Review of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of zomepirac in man and animals. Grindel, JM; Muschek, LD, 1980)	0.26
" The drug is well absorbed when given orally."	( Evaluation of zomepirac sodium. McEvoy, GK, 1981)	0.26
" Bioavailability of zomepirac from the 3 dosage forms was much the same."	( Zomepirac kinetics in healthy males. Gottlieb, S; Nayak, RK; Ng, KT; Plostnieks, J, 1980)	0.26
" HPE-101 increased the transdermal absorption rate of VPA by 80 times compared with the control."	( In vivo microdialysis for the transdermal absorption of valproate in rats. Goto, S; Ichikawa, M; Matsuyama, K; Nakashima, M; Satoh, S; Yano, T, 1994)	0.29
" The bioavailability of atorvastatin capsules was similar to that of solution."	( Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of single-dose atorvastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, in healthy subjects. Cilla, DD; Posvar, EL; Radulovic, LL; Sedman, AJ; Whitfield, LR, 1996)	0.29
" The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 1954U89 were examined in male beagle dogs and male CD rats."	( The pharmacokinetics of 1954U89, 1,3-diamino-7-(1-ethylpropyl)-8-methyl-7H-pyrrolo-(3,2-f)quinazoline, in dogs and rats after intravenous and oral administration. Deangelis, DV; Studenberg, SD; Wargin, WA; Woolley, JL, 1997)	0.3
"L-745,870,(3-([4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl)-1H- pyrollo[2,3-b] pyridine, was identified as a selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist with excellent oral bioavailability and brain penetration."	( Biological profile of L-745,870, a selective antagonist with high affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor. Baskin, E; Bristow, LJ; Chapman, KL; Curtis, N; Emms, F; Fletcher, AE; Freedman, S; Graham, M; Knowles, M; Kulagowski, JJ; Leeson, PD; Lynch, JJ; Marwood, R; Matheson, S; Mcallister, G; Myers, J; Patel, S; Ragan, CI; Rathbone, D; Ridgill, M; Rupniak, NM; Watt, AP, 1997)	0.3
"Investigation of furans, pyrroles and pyrazolones identified 3-pyridyl-2,5-diaryl-pyrroles as potent, orally bioavailable inhibitors of p38 kinase."	( Pyrroles and other heterocycles as inhibitors of p38 kinase. Agarwal, L; Chang, L; Chin, J; Croft, G; de Laszlo, SE; Fletcher, D; Forsyth, A; Frantz, B; Hacker, C; Hanlon, W; Harper, C; Kostura, M; Li, B; Luell, S; MacCoss, M; Mantlo, N; O'Keefe, SJ; O'Neill, EA; Orevillo, C; Pang, M; Parsons, J; Rolando, A; Sahly, Y; Sidler, K; Visco, D, 1998)	2.05
" Thus, in this case, these in vitro cell monolayer models do not adequately mimic the in vivo situation by underestimating in vivo bioavailability of highly lipophilic compounds unless acceptors, such as serum proteins, are added to the receiving buffer."	( Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. Barsuhn, CL; Ho, NF; Houghton, ME; Lutzke, BS; Padbury, GE; Raub, TJ; Sawada, GA, 1999)	0.3
" Prior investigations established that the 3,5-linked pyrrolin-4-one based scaffold can be incorporated into mimics of beta-sheet/beta-strands and into potent, orally bioavailable inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease."	( Molecular modeling, synthesis, and structures of N-methylated 3,5-linked pyrrolin-4-ones toward the creation of a privileged nonpeptide scaffold. Carroll, PJ; Favor, DA; Furst, GT; Guzman, MC; Hirschmann, R; Smith, AB; Sprengeler, PA, 1999)	0.3
"Grapefruit juice greatly increases the bioavailability of lovastatin and simvastatin."	( Grapefruit juice increases serum concentrations of atorvastatin and has no effect on pravastatin. Kivistö, KT; Lilja, JJ; Neuvonen, PJ, 1999)	0.3
" These findings led to a clinical development program exploring the antidepressive potential of R121919, a water-soluble pyrrolopyrimidine that binds with high affinity to human CRH(1) receptors and is well absorbed in humans."	( Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated. Ackl, N; Holsboer, F; Ising, M; Künzel, HE; Nickel, T; Sonntag, A; Zobel, AW, )	0.13
" BCX-1777 has excellent oral bioavailability (63%) in mice."	( Purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor BCX-1777 (Immucillin-H)--a novel potent and orally active immunosuppressive agent. Ananth, SL; Bantia, S; Horn, LL; Hutchison, TL; Kilpatrick, JM; Miller, PJ; Montgomery, JA; Morris, PE; Parker, CD; Sandhu, JS, 2001)	0.31
" Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Pravastatin and Simvastatin demonstrate variable potency to enhance the NO/O2- concentration ratio after stimulation of NOS, resulting in an increase of NO bioavailability in endothelial cells."	( Statin-stimulated nitric oxide release from endothelium. Dobrucki, IT; Dobrucki, LW; Kalinowski, L; Malinski, T, )	0.13
"86% of oral dose was not absorbed and the extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) was estimated to be 46."	( Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of a new reversible proton pump inhibitor, DBM-819, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: hepatic first-pass effect. Kim, EJ; Kim, SO; Lee, DH; Lee, MG; Lim, H, 2001)	0.31
" Oral bioavailability reached 27%."	( Brain pharmacokinetics of a nonpeptidic corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist. Bruelisauer, A; Enz, A; Keller, C; Lemaire, M, 2002)	0.31
" Nevertheless, an increase in pravastatin bioavailability has been reported in the presence of cyclosporine A, possibly because of an interaction at the level of biliary excretion."	( Pharmacological interactions of statins. Bellosta, S; Corsini, A; Paoletti, R, 2002)	0.31
" The most potent inhibitor (-)-7 displayed 13% oral bioavailability in dogs."	( Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of monopyrrolinone-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Barbosa, J; Cantin, LD; Charnley, AK; Guise-Zawacki, L; Hirschmann, R; Kuo, LC; Munshi, S; Olsen, DB; Pasternak, A; Schleif, WA; Smith, AB; Sprengeler, PA; Yao, W, 2003)	0.32
" The parent benzothiazole 56 had good pharmacokinetics in dogs with 29% bioavailability and good brain and ocular penetration in guinea pigs."	( Design and synthesis of pyrrolidine-5,5'-trans-lactams (5-oxo-hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles) as novel mechanism-based inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus protease. 4. Antiviral activity and plasma stability. Borthwick, AD; Davies, DE; Ertl, PF; Exall, AM; Haley, TM; Hart, GJ; Jackson, DL; Parry, NR; Patikis, A; Trivedi, N; Weingarten, GG; Woolven, JM, 2003)	0.54
" However, atorvastatin acid is subject to extensive first-pass metabolism in the gut wall as well as in the liver, as oral bioavailability is 14%."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Lennernäs, H, 2003)	0.32
" Systematic modification of one of these leads produced a compound with excellent selectivity for PDE-5 over other phosphodiesterases and oral bioavailability of 15% in male rats."	( Structure-activity relationships of N-acyl pyrroloquinolone PDE-5 inhibitors. Bhattacharjee, S; Clancy, J; Craig, E; Fiordeliso, JJ; Haynes-Johnson, D; Jiang, W; John, TM; Kraft, P; Lanter, JC; Macielag, MJ; Qiu, Y; Sui, Z, 2004)	0.32
" GV196771 has low oral bioavailability (<10%) and plasma clearance ( approximately 2 ml/min/kg) in rats."	( The systemic exposure of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist is limited in mice by the P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein efflux transporters. Barnaby, RJ; Baughman, TM; Bertolotti, L; Humphreys, JE; Jordan, KH; Mote, AL; Polli, JW; Read, KD; Serabjit-Singh, CJ; Vitulli, G; Webster, LO, 2004)	0.32
" Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetic studies of manzamine A in rats indicated the compound to have low metabolic clearance, a reasonably long pharmacokinetic half-life, and good absolute oral bioavailability of 20."	( New manzamine alkaloids from an Indo-Pacific sponge. Pharmacokinetics, oral availability, and the significant activity of several manzamines against HIV-I, AIDS opportunistic infections, and inflammatory diseases. Charman, WN; Hamann, MT; Hammond, NL; Mayer, AM; McIntosh, KA; Peng, J; Wahyuono, S; Yousaf, M, 2004)	0.32
" Hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats have endothelial dysfunction and cardiorenal injury associated with decreased NO bioavailability and increased superoxide (O2-) production linked to a functional upregulation of angiotensin II."	( Atorvastatin prevents end-organ injury in salt-sensitive hypertension: role of eNOS and oxidant stress. Jaimes, EA; Raij, L; Zhou, MS, 2004)	0.32
"Endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) bioavailability is severely reduced after myocardial infarction (MI) and in heart failure."	( Statin-induced improvement of endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, myocardial neovascularization, left ventricular function, and survival after experimental myocardial infarction requires endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Bahlmann, FH; Drexler, H; Engberding, N; Fuchs, M; Haller, H; Heineke, A; Hilfiker-Kleiner, D; Hornig, B; Kotlarz, D; Landmesser, U; Mueller, M; Schaefer, A; Spiekermann, S; Templin, C; Wiencke, A, 2004)	0.32
" eNO bioavailability after MI likely represents an important therapeutic target in heart failure after MI and mediates beneficial effects of statin treatment after MI."	( Statin-induced improvement of endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, myocardial neovascularization, left ventricular function, and survival after experimental myocardial infarction requires endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Bahlmann, FH; Drexler, H; Engberding, N; Fuchs, M; Haller, H; Heineke, A; Hilfiker-Kleiner, D; Hornig, B; Kotlarz, D; Landmesser, U; Mueller, M; Schaefer, A; Spiekermann, S; Templin, C; Wiencke, A, 2004)	0.32
"The study was designed to evaluate the relative bioavailability of two formulations of atorvastatin (CAS 134523-03-8)."	( Bioequivalence study of atorvastatin tablets. Alpan, RS; Erenmemisoglu, A; Koytchev, R; Ozalp, Y; van der Meer, MJ, 2004)	0.32
" Unfortunately, the low aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability rendered them undesirable development candidates."	( Pyrroloquinolone PDE5 inhibitors with improved pharmaceutical profiles for clinical studies on erectile dysfunction. Bhattacharjee, S; Guan, J; Haynes-Johnson, D; Jiang, W; John, TM; Kraft, P; Lundeen, S; Macielag, MJ; Qiu, Y; Sui, Z; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.33
" Replacement of the C6-ester substituent of the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine core with heterocyclic bioisosteres, such as substituted 1,3,5-oxadiazoles, afforded compounds with excellent oral bioavailability in mice (i."	( Design, synthesis, and evaluation of orally active 4-(2,4-difluoro-5-(methoxycarbamoyl)phenylamino)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines as dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 inhibitors. Barrish, JC; Bhide, RS; Borzilleri, RM; Cai, ZW; Ellis, C; Fargnoli, J; Fura, A; Hunt, JT; Jeyaseelan, R; Kamath, A; Kukral, DW; Lombardo, LJ; Mortillo, S; Qian, L; Tokarski, JS; Vyas, V; Wautlet, BS; Zheng, X, 2005)	0.33
" Damage to the endothelium leads to reduced NO bioavailability and facilitates vessel wall permeability to low-density lipoprotein."	( A rationale for combination therapy in risk factor management: a mechanistic perspective. Mason, RP, 2005)	0.33
" Dose optimization and use of novel controlled drug delivery systems may help in increasing the bioavailability and distribution of statins to the bone microenvironment."	( Statins and osteoporosis: new role for old drugs. Jadhav, SB; Jain, GK, 2006)	0.33
" SU006668 had a non-linear pharmacokinetic profile characterized by AUC and Cmax decreasing from day 1 to day 28 in all patients at all tested doses; a lower apparent bioavailability on day 28 compared to day 1; and a significant concomitant increase of the urinary metabolites."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacological evaluation of the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU006668 by chronic oral dosing. Gianni, L; Grasselli, G; Ielmini, N; Lladò, A; Locatelli, A; Marimon, I; Marsoni, S; Sessa, C; Trigo, J; Viganò, L, 2006)	0.33
" Based on pharmacokinetic experiments in rats, the representative compound 11, which displayed high oral bioavailability (BA=83."	( [(S)-gamma-(Arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine compounds as a novel series of potent and stable DPP-IV inhibitors. Akahoshi, F; Hayashi, Y; Kitajima, H; Sakashita, H; Tsutsumiuchi, R, 2006)	0.33
" The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies."	( Simultaneous quantification of atorvastatin and active metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using rosuvastatin as internal standard. Anjaneyulu, Y; Boosi, R; Kandikere, VN; Maurya, S; Mudigonda, K; Nirogi, RV; Shukla, M, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of this study was to estimate in vivo permeability and bioavailability of epalrestat and newly synthesized compounds with possible therapeutic activity as aldose enzyme inhibitors (ARIs)."	( Permeability characteristics of novel aldose reductase inhibitors using rat jejunum in vitro. Demopoulos, VJ; Kristl, A; Levstik, L; Sturm, K, 2006)	0.33
" Oral bioavailability was studied on prepared SMEDDS hard capsules and compared with that of the conventional tablet in Beagle dogs in vivo."	( [Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems containing atorvastatin]. Li, ZD; Shen, HR; Zhong, MK, 2005)	0.33
" Oral bioavailability of atorvastatin SMEDDS was greater than that of the conventional tablet."	( [Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems containing atorvastatin]. Li, ZD; Shen, HR; Zhong, MK, 2005)	0.33
"The effect of food on the oral bioavailability of sunitinib malate (SU11248, an oral, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities) was assessed in a randomized open-label, two-way crossover study."	( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib malate (SU11248), a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: results from a phase I study in healthy subjects. Bello, CL; Klamerus, KJ; Mount, J; Sherman, L; Smeraglia, J; Verkh, L; Zhou, J, 2006)	0.33
" Both hepatic and intestinal metabolism contribute to the low oral bioavailability of ATV in rats."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its hydroxy metabolites in rats and the effects of concomitant rifampicin single doses: relevance of first-pass effect from hepatic uptake transporters, and intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Benet, LZ; Huang, Y; Lau, YY; Okochi, H, 2006)	0.33
" Bioavailability increased by 42% after nighttime doses and decreased saturably with increasing dose (50% reduction at 221 mg)."	( Development of a predictive pharmacokinetic model for a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Gao, Y; Kastrissios, H; Kawabata, K; Moberly, J; Rohatagi, S; Salazar, D; Takahashi, M; Truitt, K; Wada, R, 2006)	0.33
"The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) represent a unique class of IGF antagonists regulating the bioavailability of the IGFs extracellularly."	( Paradoxical effects of the phage display-derived peptide antagonist IGF-F1-1 on insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling. Robinson, SA; Rosenzweig, SA, 2006)	0.33
" This might be because concomitant administration of P-glycoprotein substrates, such as statins, and colchicine, which is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, modifies pharmacokinetics by increasing bioavailability and organ uptake of the substrates, leading to more adverse reactions and toxicities."	( Rhabdomyolysis in a patient treated with colchicine and atorvastatin. Altintas, ND; Cavus, S; Dede, DS; Iskit, AB; Topeli, A; Tufan, A, )	0.13
"Atorvastatin is insoluble in aqueous solution and the bioavailability after oral administration is low."	( Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing atorvastatin. Shen, H; Zhong, M, 2006)	0.33
" These findings suggest that the T-786C polymorphism modulates the effects of atorvastatin on NO bioavailability and oxidative stress."	( eNOS gene T-786C polymorphism modulates atorvastatin-induced increase in blood nitrite. Bem, AF; Metzger, IF; Nagassaki, S; Rocha, JB; Sertório, JT; Tanus-Santos, JE, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of two atorvastatin formulations (Divator Drogsan Pharmaceuticals, Ankara, Turkey, as the test formulation, and Lipitor, Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland, as the reference formulation) in 52 healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence testing of atorvastatin formulations in healthy male volunteers. Emritte, N; Hajdúch, M; Mendoza, L; Platílová, V; Plausinaitis, R; Svoboda, M, 2006)	0.33
" Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as SU6668 and SU5416 (semaxanib) demonstrated poor pharmacologic properties and limited efficacy; therefore, sunitinib was rationally designed and chosen for its high bioavailability and its nanomolar-range potency against the antiangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)--vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)."	( Sunitinib: from rational design to clinical efficacy. Chow, LQ; Eckhardt, SG, 2007)	0.34
" Consequently, absolute bioavailability values of diltiazem pretreated with atorvastatin (8."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem, in rats. Chang, KS; Choi, DH; Choi, JS; Hong, SP, 2007)	0.34
"In vitro liver microsomal stability, permeability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and oral bioavailability of SB639, a novel HDACi (Histone Deacetylase inhibitor), were determined."	( In vitro phase I cytochrome P450 metabolism, permeability and pharmacokinetics of SB639, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in preclinical species. Goh, E; Kantharaj, E; New, LS; Pasha, MK; Sangthongpitag, K; Venkatesh, PR; Xin, L; Yeo, P; Zeng, P, 2007)	0.34
" PK data indicated that the bioavailability of oral PQD-A4 was greatly limited at high dose levels, that PQD-A4 was slowly converted to PQD via a sequential three-step process of conversion, and that PQD-A4 was significantly less toxic than the one-step hydrolysis drug, PQD-BE."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and hydrolysis of oral pyrroloquinazolinediamines administered in single and multiple doses in rats. Anova, L; Kozar, MP; Li, Q; Lin, AJ; Milhous, WK; Shearer, TW; Si, Y; Skillman, DR; Smith, KS; Xie, LH; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.34
"05) increased the bioavailability of verapamil in rats."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of verapamil in rats. Chang, KS; Choi, DH; Choi, JS; Han, HK; Hong, SP, 2008)	0.35
" Thus, the relative bioavailability increased by the same magnitude with atorvastatin."	( Drug interaction between oral atorvastatin and verapamil in healthy subjects: effects of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil. Choi, DH; Choi, JS; Shin, WG, 2008)	0.35
" AC, the world's best selling drug is associated with poor oral bioavailability and serious adverse effects like rhabdomyolysis on chronic administration."	( Oral nanoparticulate atorvastatin calcium is more efficient and safe in comparison to Lipicure in treating hyperlipidemia. Ankola, DD; Chandraiah, G; Kumar, MN; Meena, AK; Rao, PR; Ratnam, DV, 2008)	0.35
"A series of amino acid ester prodrugs of the dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BMS-540215) was prepared in an effort to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of the parent compound."	( Discovery of brivanib alaninate ((S)-((R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan-2-yl)2-aminopropanoate), a novel prodrug of dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth fa Barbosa, S; Barrish, JC; Bhide, RS; Borzilleri, RM; Cai, ZW; D'Arienzo, C; Derbin, G; Fan, J; Fargnoli, J; Hunt, JT; Jeyaseelan, R; Kamath, A; Kukral, DW; Lombardo, LJ; Marathe, P; Mortillo, S; Qian, L; Robl, JA; Shi, Z; Wautlet, BS; Wei, D; Wu, L; Zhang, Y; Zheng, X, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic analysis conducted in rats revealed that the 20% cremophor EL solution formulation has a fivefold higher oral bioavailability compared to a suspension formulation."	( Preformulation and pharmacokinetic studies on antalarmin: a novel stress inhibitor. Glaze, E; Jain, P; Karlage, KL; Machatha, SG; Mogalian, E; Myrdal, PB; Narazaki, R; Sanghvi, R; Tabibi, SE; Yalkowsky, SH, 2009)	0.35
" In particular, reduced bioavailability of endothelial-dependent nitric oxide production as a result of enhanced oxidative stress represents a common pathological mechanism of cardiovascular risk factors."	( Scientific rationale for combination of a calcium channel antagonist and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor: a new approach to risk factor management. Mason, RP, 2008)	0.35
"05) compared with crystalline atorvastatin, suggesting that the enhanced bioavailability was attributed to amorphous nature and particle size reduction."	( Physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability of amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium using spray-drying and SAS process. Hwang, SJ; Jin, SJ; Kim, JS; Kim, MS; Lee, S; Park, HJ, 2008)	0.35
" One possible mechanism for this effect is reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, a key mediator of angiogenesis, secondary to increased oxygen free radicals."	( Atorvastatin increases myocardial indices of oxidative stress in a porcine model of hypercholesterolemia and chronic ischemia. Bianchi, C; Boodhwani, M; Clements, RT; Feng, J; Mieno, S; Ramlawi, B; Sellke, FW; Sodha, NR; Xu, SH, )	0.13
" bioavailability and brain penetration of chemotherapy drugs in animal models, we sought to examine the effect of sunitinib on the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1), and ABCG2, which are known to transport a wide variety of anticancer drugs."	( Sunitinib (Sutent, SU11248), a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks function of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and ABCG2. Ambudkar, SV; Bates, SE; Robey, RW; Shukla, S, 2009)	0.35
"The present investigation was undertaken to characterize the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of Kendine 91 in mice and to compare it with other HDAC (histone deacetylases) inhibitors."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Kendine 91, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in mice. Cossío, FP; Otaegui, D; Pedraz, JL; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Zubia, A, 2009)	0.35
" Absolute oral bioavailability was found to be 18%."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Kendine 91, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in mice. Cossío, FP; Otaegui, D; Pedraz, JL; Rodríguez-Gascón, A; Zubia, A, 2009)	0.35
"After 14 days of dosing, the rate and extent of exposure (AUCtau, C(max,ss)) to atorvastatin and its active metabolites were similar with both treatments, indicating that administration of P-OM3 did not affect the steady-state bioavailability of orally administered atorvastatin."	( Effect of omega-3-acid ethyl esters on steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy adults. Di Spirito, M; Doyle, RT; Johnson, J; McKenney, J; Morelli, G, 2008)	0.35
" Our results indicate that AMPK phosphorylation of eNOS Ser633 is a functional signaling event for NO bioavailability in ECs."	( AMP-activated protein kinase functionally phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase Ser633. Chen, Z; DeFea, K; Fu, Y; Hsu, PH; Pan, S; Peng, IC; Shyy, JY; Su, MI; Sun, W; Tsai, MD; Zhu, Y, 2009)	0.35
"Sunitinib was readily absorbed with good oral bioavailability and linear kinetics at clinically-relevant doses."	( Single- and multiple-dose disposition kinetics of sunitinib malate, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: comparative plasma kinetics in non-clinical species. Antonian, L; Bello, CL; Haznedar, JO; Patyna, S; Peng, GW; Speed, W; Sukbuntherng, J; Sweeny, DJ; Wu, EY; Yu, X; Zhang, Q, 2009)	0.35
" Our data support the effects of statins in vivo that have been demonstrated on the endothelium ex vivo, suggesting a beneficial effect by acting on the initial processes that trigger the disease, reducing oxidative stress (increase in the bioavailability of nitric oxide as peroxynitrite levels decrease) and curtailing the inflammatory processes which perpetuate the disease."	( In vivo confirmation of the role of statins in reducing nitric oxide and C-reactive protein levels in peripheral arterial disease. Aguilar, EM; Casariego, CV; García, FA; González, AF; Miralles, Jde H; Moreno, SB, 2009)	0.35
"Maternal protein restriction in rats leads to endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO bioavailability in the offspring."	( Atorvastatin restores endothelial function in offspring of protein-restricted rats in a cholesterol-independent manner. Anthony, FW; Curzen, NP; Hanson, MA; Hopkins, LA; Kelsall, CJ; Torrens, C, 2009)	0.35
" NVP-AEW541 is a new, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)."	( Myeloma cell growth inhibition is augmented by synchronous inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor by NVP-AEW541 and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin by Rad001. Baumann, P; Franke, D; Hagemeier, H; Mandl-Weber, S; Schmidmaier, R, 2009)	0.35
" The oral bioavailability of brivanib varied among species (22-88%) and showed dissolution rate-limited absorption even when combined with organic co-solvents."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of brivanib (BMS-540215), a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor and its alanine ester prodrug brivanib alaninate. Bhide, R; D'Arienzo, C; Fargnoli, J; Kamath, AV; Marathe, PH; Zhang, Y, 2009)	0.35
" Optimization of the thienopyrrole series led to several N-acetamides with submicromolar potency in the cell-based replicon assay, but they lacked oral bioavailability in rats."	( Optimization of thienopyrrole-based finger-loop inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Attenni, B; Bonelli, F; Colarusso, S; Del Rosario Rico Ferreira, M; Di Marco, S; Fiore, F; Gennari, N; Habermann, J; Koch, U; Malancona, S; Martin Hernando, JI; Narjes, F; Ontoria, JM; Ponzi, S; Rowley, M; Vignetti, SE, 2009)	0.35
"Sunitinib is an orally bioavailable small molecule that inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases."	( Successful desensitization protocol for hypersensitivity reaction caused by sunitinib in a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Atrash, F; Bar-Sela, G; Hadad, S; Haim, N; Kedem, E; Pollack, S; Shahar, E, 2010)	0.36
" Discovery of a conformational change for lead compound 2, when bound to ERK2 relative to antitarget GSK3, enabled structure-guided selectivity optimization, which led to the discovery of 11e, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of ERK."	( Structure-guided design of potent and selective pyrimidylpyrrole inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) using conformational control. Aronov, AM; Bemis, GW; Cao, J; Chen, G; Ewing, NP; Ford, PJ; Germann, UA; Green, J; Hale, MR; Jacobs, M; Janetka, JW; Maltais, F; Markland, W; Martinez-Botella, G; Namchuk, MN; Nanthakumar, S; Poondru, S; Straub, J; Tang, Q; ter Haar, E; Xie, X, 2009)	0.35
" Previous results suggest that vascular dysfunction in OZR is associated with chronic reduction in vascular nitric-oxide (NO) bioavailability and chronic inflammation, both frequently associated with hypercholesterolemia."	( Impact of chronic anticholesterol therapy on development of microvascular rarefaction in the metabolic syndrome. Frisbee, JC; Frisbee, SJ; Goodwill, AG; James, ME; Stapleton, PA, 2009)	0.35
"While the positive impact of chronic statin treatment on vascular outcomes in the metabolic syndrome are independent of changes to total cholesterol, and are more strongly associated with improvements to vascular NO bioavailability and attenuated inflammation, these results provide both a spatial and temporal framework for targeted investigation into mechanistic determinants of vasculopathy in the metabolic syndrome."	( Impact of chronic anticholesterol therapy on development of microvascular rarefaction in the metabolic syndrome. Frisbee, JC; Frisbee, SJ; Goodwill, AG; James, ME; Stapleton, PA, 2009)	0.35
" The absolute bioavailability of the active component was estimated to be approximately 1%."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of CS-526 in cynomolgus monkeys. Inaba, F; Ito, K; Kinoshita, K; Morikawa-Inomata, Y; Shibakawa, N; Tabata, K; Tomizawa, A; Yamamura, N, 2009)	0.35
" The bioavailability of amlodipine and atorvastatin with a single-tablet, fixed-dose amlodipine/atorvastatin combination was not significantly different to that with coadministered separate amlodipine and atorvastatin tablets."	( Amlodipine/Atorvastatin: a review of its use in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidaemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Curran, MP, 2010)	0.36
" Variation of the linker group between the piperidine and the lipophilic substituent identified 4-amino-1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamides as potent and orally bioavailable inhibitors of PKB."	( Discovery of 4-amino-1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamides as selective, orally active inhibitors of protein kinase B (Akt). Aherne, GW; Caldwell, JJ; Cheung, KM; Collins, I; Davies, TG; de Haven Brandon, A; Eccles, SA; Fazal, L; Garrett, MD; Henley, A; Hunter, LJ; McHardy, T; Raynaud, FI; Rowlands, M; Ruddle, R; Seavers, L; Taylor, K; Valenti, M, 2010)	0.36
" The oral bioavailability of BMS-690514 was 78% in mice, approximately 100% in rats, 8% in monkeys, and 29% in dogs."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of BMS-690514, a potent inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR2. Christopher, L; Gavai, A; Marathe, P; Rodrigues, D; Sleczka, B; Tang, Y; Wong, T; Zhang, H, 2010)	0.36
" Overall, the results from these studies suggested that BMS-690514 was well absorbed and highly metabolized through multiple pathways in these preclinical species."	( Metabolism and disposition of [14C]BMS-690514 after oral administration to rats, rabbits, and dogs. Allentoff, A; Caceres-Cortes, J; Chando, T; Christopher, LJ; Ekhato, IV; Hong, H; Humphreys, WG; Iyer, RA; Roongta, V; Su, H; Sun, H, 2010)	0.36
"Induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and decreased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) bioavailability have been found in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	( Atorvastatin preconditioning attenuates the production of endothelin-1 and prevents experimental vasospasm in rats. Chang, CZ; Howng, SL; Hwang, SL; Kwan, AL; Lin, CL; Wu, SC, 2010)	0.36
" Oral bioavailability was 76."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of toceranib phosphate (Palladia, SU11654), a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in laboratory dogs and dogs with mast cell tumors. Boucher, JF; Lesman, SP; Merritt, DA; Michels, GM; Yancey, MF, 2010)	0.36
" In summary, BMS-690514 was well absorbed and extensively metabolized via multiple metabolic pathways in humans, with excretion of drug-related radioactivity in both bile and urine."	( Metabolism and disposition of [14C]BMS-690514, an ErbB/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, after oral administration to humans. Allentoff, A; Christopher, LJ; Clemens, PL; Harbison, CT; Heller, K; Hong, H; Humphreys, WG; Iyer, RA; Roongta, V; Su, H; Sun, H; Vakkalagadda, BJ; Wong, T; Zhang, S, 2010)	0.36
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin acid (mean [relative standard error {RSE}]) for a subject with mean covariate values were the first-order absorption rate constant (3."	( Development of a population pharmacokinetic model for atorvastatin acid and its lactone metabolite. Akhlaghi, F; Asberg, A; Hermann, M; Narwal, R; Rosenbaum, SE, 2010)	0.36
" A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model estimating oral clearance, between-patient variability in oral clearance, central volume of distribution, and residual variability in combination with historical estimates of first-order absorption rate constant, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution adequately described the sparse MPA data."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid coadministered with either tasocitinib (CP-690,550) or tacrolimus in adult renal allograft recipients. Busque, S; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Melcher, M; Tafti, B, 2010)	0.36
" Major gastrectomy decreased the bioavailability of nilotinib and, in some patients, lowered its clinical activity."	( Nilotinib in patients with GIST who failed imatinib and sunitinib: importance of prior surgery on drug bioavailability. Beck, MY; Chang, HM; Choi, DR; Kang, YK; Kim, KP; Kim, TW; Lee, JL; Ryoo, BY; Ryu, MH; Yoo, C, 2011)	0.37
" The in-vitro study showed that solid dispersions increased the solubility and dissolution rate of ATR, and thus may improve its bioavailability compared with plain ATR."	( Microwave induced solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble atorvastatin calcium. Belgamwar, V; Maurya, D; Tekade, A, 2010)	0.36
" MNP001 exhibited a rapid absorption, broad distribution, slow systemic clearance and a low but pharmacologically relevant oral bioavailability in rats."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of MNP001, a piperidine analog of 3-carbamyl compounds. Fox, LM; Wang, D; Xia, B, 2011)	0.37
" In this study, we examined the effect of AMPK phosphorylation on Hcy-induced NO bioavailability impairment and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in EPCs."	( AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells. Chen, Z; Jia, F; Lu, G; Wu, C, 2011)	0.37
" Early ADME/PK assessment of this chemotype demonstrated bioavailability in mice."	( Thienopyrrole acetic acids as antagonists of the CRTH2 receptor. Abibi, A; Bettencourt, B; Bonafoux, D; Burchat, A; Ericsson, A; Harris, CM; Kebede, T; McPherson, M; Morytko, M; Wallace, G; Wu, X, 2011)	0.37
" Our study firstly showed that EGCG interacted with sunitinib and reduced the bioavailability of sunitinib."	( Interaction of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate with sunitinib: potential risk of diminished sunitinib bioavailability. Chen, Y; Cheng, K; Dong, H; Gao, F; Ge, J; He, JP; Hou, JM; Li, HZ; Li, LH; Lin, HJ; Liu, JY; Peng, XC; Qiu, M; Su, JM; Tan, BX; Wei, M; Wu, Y; Yang, L; Zhao, Y; Zhao, YL, 2011)	0.37
" The population pharmacokinetic model described differences between the liquid-filled capsule used in phase I and phase IIb and the hot-melt extruded (HME) tablet formulation introduced in phase III, allowing for bridging of the two formulations, and quantified the complex relationship of apparent anacetrapib bioavailability with subject meal intake."	( Model-based development of anacetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor. Bergman, AJ; Dockendorf, MF; Dykstra, K; Green, M; Krishna, R; Wagner, JA, 2011)	0.37
" In the fasted dog, oral administration of 3 mg kg(-1) S35972 increased TT rapidly and for at least 8 h, and its pharmacologic bioavailability was 75."	( S35972, a direct-acting thrombin inhibitor with high oral bioavailability and antithrombotic efficacy. De Nanteuil, G; Gloanec, P; Marx, I; Mennecier, P; Rupin, A; Vallez, MO; Verbeuren, TJ, 2011)	0.37
" NO bioavailability was assessed using cyclic guanosine monophosphate quantification."	( Atorvastatin worsens left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction of epicardial coronary arteries in normocholesterolemic porcine with left ventricular hypertrophy. Aubin, MC; Carrier, M; Forcillo, J; Maltais, S; Perrault, LP; Shi, YF; Tardif, JC, 2011)	0.37
"We first examined the association of statin treatment with vascular NO bioavailability and arterial superoxide (O(2)(·-)) in 492 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery."	( Rapid, direct effects of statin treatment on arterial redox state and nitric oxide bioavailability in human atherosclerosis via tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling. Antoniades, C; Antonopoulos, AS; Bakogiannis, C; Bendall, J; Casadei, B; Channon, KM; Demosthenous, M; Guzik, TJ; Hale, A; Leeson, P; Marinou, K; Paschalis, A; Psarros, C; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D; Triantafyllou, C; Zhang, MH, 2011)	0.37
" Atorvastatin directly improves vascular NO bioavailability and reduces vascular O(2)(·-) through tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial NO synthase coupling."	( Rapid, direct effects of statin treatment on arterial redox state and nitric oxide bioavailability in human atherosclerosis via tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling. Antoniades, C; Antonopoulos, AS; Bakogiannis, C; Bendall, J; Casadei, B; Channon, KM; Demosthenous, M; Guzik, TJ; Hale, A; Leeson, P; Marinou, K; Paschalis, A; Psarros, C; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D; Triantafyllou, C; Zhang, MH, 2011)	0.37
" Since tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) is an essential cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), decreased bioavailability of the substrate l-arginine and/or BH(4) may contribute to decreased NO production with hypercholesterolaemia."	( Acute localized administration of tetrahydrobiopterin and chronic systemic atorvastatin treatment restore cutaneous microvascular function in hypercholesterolaemic humans. Holowatz, LA; Kenney, WL, 2011)	0.37
"The bioavailability of clopidogrel bisulfate (CAS 135046-48-9) form I was compared with that of clopidogrel bisulfate form II in 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Study on bioavailability difference between clopidogrel bisulfate form I and form II using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Che, WJ; Ou-Yang, PK; Tan, XH; Wei, P; Zhang, ZJ; Zou, QG, 2011)	0.37
" Absolute bioavailability in humans has been investigated only for imatinib (almost 100%) and pazopanib (14-39%; n = 3)."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: focus on pyrimidines, pyridines and pyrroles. Di Gion, P; Doroshyenko, O; Fuhr, U; Jaehde, U; Kanefendt, F; Lindauer, A; Scheffler, M; Wolf, J, 2011)	0.59
"A novel approach to improve the bioavailability and stability of atorvastatin (AT) was developed by constructing a nano-sized polymer-atorvastatin conjugate."	( Enhanced bioavailability of nano-sized chitosan-atorvastatin conjugate after oral administration to rats. Ahmad, FJ; Akhter, S; Anwar, M; Gahoi, S; Jain, GK; Khar, RK; Mallick, N; Talegaonkar, S; Warsi, MH, 2011)	0.37
"Oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium (ATC) is very low (only 14%) due to instability and incomplete intestinal absorption and/or extensive gut wall extraction."	( Enhanced bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium from stabilized gastric resident formulation. Dehghan, MH; Khan, FN, 2011)	0.37
"Atorvastatin/metformin ER 10 mg/500 mg FDC has similar bioavailability to the co-administration of separate atorvastatin 10 mg and metformin 500 mg tablets."	( Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin extended release versus concurrent administration of individual formulations: a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, bioequivale Arora, R; Dey, S; Kandhwal, K; Monif, T; Nazarudheen, S; Rao, S; Reyar, S; Singh, MK; Thudi, NR, 2011)	0.37
"Statins, which improve the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide and upregulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase, have been used to prevent cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage."	( Atorvastatin decreases computed tomography and S100-assessed brain ischemia after subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage: a comparative study. Aout, M; Clarençon, F; Colonne, C; Fonfrede, M; Jean, B; Le Jean, L; Nouet, A; Puybasset, L; Sanchez-Peña, P; Vicaut, E, 2012)	0.38
"Sunitinib malate is an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is active against many tyrosine kinase receptors involving crucial pathways in both healthy tissues and malignant tissues."	( Sunitinib-induced hyperparathyroidism: a possible mechanism to altered bone homeostasis. Baldazzi, V; Carini, M; Caruso, S; Garofoli, E; Lapini, A; Lunghi, A; Mazzanti, R; Tassi, R, 2012)	0.38
" The sunitinib-mediated systemic hypertension is principally attributed to an increased vasoconstrictor influence of endothelin, with no apparent contributions of a loss of NO bioavailability or increased oxidative stress."	( Sunitinib-induced systemic vasoconstriction in swine is endothelin mediated and does not involve nitric oxide or oxidative stress. Danser, AH; de Beer, VJ; Duncker, DJ; Kappers, MH; Merkus, D; Sleijfer, S; van den Meiracker, AH; Zhou, Z, 2012)	0.38
" Potent, selective, and metabolically stable ALK inhibitors from this class were identified, and an orally bioavailable compound (32) with antitumor efficacy in ALK-driven xenografts in mouse models was extensively characterized."	( Strategies to mitigate the bioactivation of 2-anilino-7-aryl-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines: identification of orally bioavailable, efficacious ALK inhibitors. Aimone, LD; Albom, MS; Angeles, TS; Ator, MA; Breslin, HJ; Cheng, M; Diebold, JL; Dorsey, BD; Huang, Z; Lu, L; McHugh, RJ; Mesaros, EF; Ott, GR; Quail, MR; Thieu, TV; Tripathy, R; Wagner, JC; Wan, W; Wells, GJ; Wells-Knecht, KJ; Wohler, AT; Zificsak, CA, 2012)	0.38
" This process probably accounts for pitavastatin's increased bioavailability relative to most other statins and contributes to its prolonged duration of action."	( Pitavastatin: an overview. Saito, Y, 2011)	0.37
" Additionally, the compounds show acceptable oral bioavailability in mice making these inhibitors suitable candidates for further in vivo activity studies."	( 5-(2-amino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrrole and 2-(2-amino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one derivatives as new classes of selective and orally available Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors. Ballinari, D; Beria, I; Bertrand, J; Brasca, MG; Caldarelli, M; Cappella, P; Caruso, M; Fiorentini, F; Gianellini, LM; Scolaro, A; Valsasina, B, 2012)	0.38
" The bioavailability in female rats was close to 100%, suggesting complete absorption of sunitinib."	( Pharmacokinetics, distribution, and metabolism of [14C]sunitinib in rats, monkeys, and humans. Bello, C; Bu, HZ; Kang, P; Patyna, S; Peng, GW; Pool, WF; Speed, B; Wu, EY, 2012)	0.38
"The main aim of the present investigation is to develop and characterize the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of atorvastatin calcium (ATV) for improving the dissolution thereby oral bioavailability and to minimize the gastric degradation."	( Development and characterization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of atorvastatin calcium. Mantri, SK; Murthy, KV; Pashikanti, S, 2012)	0.38
"The aim of this study was to improve the solubility, stability and bioavailability of amorphous atorvastatin calcium (AT) by complexing it with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin."	( Preparation, physicochemical characteristics and bioavailability studies of an atorvastatin hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex. Lv, HX; Waddad, AY; Zhang, ZH; Zhou, JP, 2012)	0.38
" Among them, the 1,2-benzisothiazole (42m) ring was selected as a suitable back pocket binder because of its potent HER2/EGFR binding and cell growth inhibitory (GI) activities and pseudoirreversibility (PI) profile as well as good bioavailability (BA)."	( Design and synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dual inhibitors: exploration of novel back-pocket binders. Banno, H; Habuka, N; Ishikawa, T; Iwata, H; Kamiguchi, H; Kawakita, Y; Miki, H; Nakayama, A; Ohashi, T; Ohta, Y; Sogabe, S; Tamura, T; Tanaka, T; Yusa, T, 2012)	0.38
" The relative bioavailability of AT and o-OAT in test formulation were (105."	( [Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of atorvastatin calcium tablets in healthy male Chinese volunteers]. Chen, XY; Guo, LX; Shen, Y; Zhang, YF; Zhong, DF, 2012)	0.38
" ABT-288 demonstrated a number of other favorable attributes, including good pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of 37 to 66%, with a wide central nervous system and cardiovascular safety margin."	( Pharmacological properties and procognitive effects of ABT-288, a potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist. Bitner, RS; Brioni, JD; Browman, KE; Cowart, MD; Drescher, KU; Esbenshade, TA; Fey, TA; Fox, GB; Hancock, AA; Komater-Roderwald, V; Krueger, KM; Marsh, K; Miller, TR; Polakowski, JS; Radek, RJ; Robb, HM; Rueter, L; Sullivan, JP; Zhang, M; Zhao, C, 2012)	0.38
" We found that licofelone both reduced Pgp expression and enhanced riluzole bioavailability within the lesion site at 72 h post-SCI."	( The dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor licofelone attenuates p-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in the injured spinal cord. Dulin, JN; Grill, RJ; Moore, ML, 2013)	0.39
" In addition, one compound was demonstrated to be orally bioavailable in the mouse."	( Targeting conserved water molecules: design of 4-aryl-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Hsp90 inhibitors using fragment-based screening and structure-based optimization. Brough, P; Browne, H; Davies, NG; Davis, B; Drysdale, MJ; Foloppe, N; Geoffrey, S; Gibbons, B; Hart, T; Hubbard, R; Jensen, MR; Mansell, H; Massey, A; Matassova, N; Moore, JD; Murray, J; Pratt, R; Ray, S; Robertson, A; Roughley, SD; Schoepfer, J; Scriven, K; Simmonite, H; Stokes, S; Surgenor, A; Webb, P; Wood, M; Wright, L, 2012)	0.38
"Famitinib is well absorbed and extensively metabolized in cancer patients."	( Metabolism and bioactivation of famitinib, a novel inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase, in cancer patients. Chen, X; Diao, X; Gao, Z; Guo, Z; Jiang, H; Xie, C; Zhang, L; Zhong, D; Zhou, J, 2013)	0.39
"The solubility, absorption and distribution of a drug are involved in the basic aspects of oral bioavailability Solubility is an essential characteristic and influences the efficiency of the drug."	( Preparation of candesartan and atorvastatin nanoparticles by solvent evaporation. Dohnal, J; Grunwaldova, V; Jampilek, J; Kral, V; Vaculikova, E, 2012)	0.38
"It may be concluded that BCRP plays an important role in the intestinal efflux of MED-5 and limits the bioavailability after oral administration of MED-15."	( Evaluation of intestinal absorption of amtolmetin guacyl in rats: breast cancer resistant protein as a primary barrier of oral bioavailability. Li, X; Liu, D; Rong, Z; Xiang, D; Xu, Y; Zhang, C, 2013)	0.39
" Atorvastatin has pleiotropic actions, including increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reducing inflammation and oxidative damage."	( Atorvastatin protects against deleterious cardiovascular consequences induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Baldazza, M; Cachot, S; Faury, G; Fhayli, W; Joyeux-Faure, M; Korichneva, I; Lévy, P; Pépin, JL; Ribuot, C; Totoson, P, 2013)	0.39
"The present study evaluated the bioavailability and bioequivalence of fixed dose combination test formulation (atorvastatin 10 mg and aspirin 150 mg capsule) against marketed reference formulations (Lipitor® tablets 10 mg and Nu-Seals tablets 75 mg)."	( Bioequivalence of fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg and aspirin 150 mg capsules: a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-way crossover study in healthy human subjects. Battula, R; Betha, MR; Cheerla, R; Gadiko, C; Khan, SM; Nakkawar, M; Thota, S; Tippabhotla, SK; Vobalaboina, V; Yergude, S, 2013)	0.39
" The values of the bioavailability for the compound ranged from 10."	( Disposition of the new potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor 8-[3-[1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-piperidiny]-1-oxopropyl]-1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo [3, 2, 1-ij] quinolin-4-one (TAK-802) in rats, dogs and monkeys. Asahi, S; Kakehi, M; Kondo, T; Tagawa, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Examples 6, 7 and 18 were subsequently identified from an optimization campaign and demonstrated modest selectivity over JAK2, moderate to good oral bioavailability in rat with overall pharmacokinetic profiles comparable to that reported for an approved pan-JAK inhibitor (tofacitinib)."	( Novel triazolo-pyrrolopyridines as inhibitors of Janus kinase 1. Blair, WS; Bull, RJ; Chang, C; Crackett, PH; Deshmukh, G; Dyke, HJ; Fong, R; Ghilardi, N; Gibbons, P; Hewitt, PR; Hurley, CA; Johnson, A; Johnson, T; Kenny, JR; Kohli, PB; Kulagowski, JJ; Liimatta, M; Lupardus, PJ; Maxey, RJ; Mendonca, R; Narukulla, R; Pulk, R; Ubhayakar, S; van Abbema, A; Ward, SI; Waszkowycz, B; Zak, M, 2013)	0.39
" This work culminated in the identification of a highly JAK1 selective compound (31) exhibiting favorable oral bioavailability across a range of preclinical species and robust efficacy in a rat CIA model."	( Identification of C-2 hydroxyethyl imidazopyrrolopyridines as potent JAK1 inhibitors with favorable physicochemical properties and high selectivity over JAK2. Aliagas, I; Avitabile-Woo, B; Balazs, M; Barrett, K; Bergeron, P; Bir Kohli, P; Blair, WS; Bull, R; Chakravarty, P; Chang, C; Crackett, P; Deshmukh, G; DeVoss, J; Dragovich, PS; Eigenbrot, C; Ellwood, C; Gaines, S; Ghilardi, N; Gibbons, P; Gradl, S; Gribling, P; Hamman, C; Harstad, E; Hewitt, P; Hurley, CA; Johnson, A; Johnson, T; Kenny, JR; Koehler, MF; Kulagowski, JJ; Labadie, S; Lee, WP; Liao, J; Liimatta, M; Mendonca, R; Narukulla, R; Pulk, R; Reeve, A; Savage, S; Shia, S; Steffek, M; Ubhayakar, S; van Abbema, A; Ward, SI; Xiao, Y; Yang, J; Zak, M, 2013)	0.39
" Here, we describe the characterization of GNE-900, an ATP-competitive, selective, and orally bioavailable ChK1 inhibitor."	( Combination drug scheduling defines a "window of opportunity" for chemopotentiation of gemcitabine by an orally bioavailable, selective ChK1 inhibitor, GNE-900. Blackwood, E; Cain, G; Choi, J; Epler, J; Evangelista, M; Flagella, M; Gazzard, L; Halladay, J; Jackson, PK; Jakubiak, D; Kowanetz, K; Malek, S; O'Brien, T; Ramiscal, J; Schmidt, S; Williams, K; Wong, K; Xiao, Y; Yee, S; Yen, I, 2013)	0.39
" We report here URMC-099 (1) an orally bioavailable (F = 41%), potent (IC50 = 14 nM) MLK3 inhibitor with excellent brain exposure in mouse PK models and minimal interference with key human CYP450 enzymes or hERG channels."	( Discovery, synthesis, and characterization of an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant inhibitor of mixed lineage kinase 3. Dewhurst, S; Gelbard, HA; Goodfellow, VS; Loweth, CJ; Marker, DF; Nguyen, T; Polesskaya, O; Pollack, S; Ravula, SB; Sheppard, D; Todd, DE; Wiemann, T; Xu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Knockin of OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 partially restored control clearance, volume, and bioavailability values (24%-142% increase, ≤47% increase, and ≤77% decrease vs."	( Utility of Oatp1a/1b-knockout and OATP1B1/3-humanized mice in the study of OATP-mediated pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution: case studies with pravastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and carboxydichlorofluorescein. Bao, JQ; Fallon, JK; Higgins, JW; Ke, AB; Manro, JR; Smith, PC; Zamek-Gliszczynski, MJ, 2014)	0.4
" The amorphous form of ATC possesses higher solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability than its crystalline form."	( Coamorphous atorvastatin calcium to improve its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Ghavimi, H; Hamishekar, H; Jouyban, A; Shayanfar, A, 2013)	0.39
" Further pharmacokinetic study revealed that compound 5q exhibited excellent oral bioavailability (72."	( Double-edged swords as cancer therapeutics: novel, orally active, small molecules simultaneously inhibit p53-MDM2 interaction and the NF-κB pathway. Guo, Z; Li, J; Miao, Z; Sheng, C; Wu, Y; Xing, C; Yao, J; Zhang, W; Zhuang, C, 2014)	0.4
"Vascular aging is characterized by vascular cell senescence, increased oxidative stress, and endothelial and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS/iNOS) imbalance, which reduces NO bioavailability and causes endothelial dysfunction."	( Long-term atorvastatin improves age-related endothelial dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative stress and normalizing eNOS/iNOS imbalance in rat aorta. Fu, G; Gong, X; Ma, Y; Ruan, Y; Wu, S, 2014)	0.4
" The pharmacokinetic study illustrated that the fast absorption and increased oral bioavailability of atorvastatin as well as therapeutic concentration of atenolol in blood were made available through adoption of formulation strategy of bilayer tablets."	( Formulation and evaluation of fixed-dose combination of bilayer gastroretentive matrix tablet containing atorvastatin as fast-release and atenolol as sustained-release. Chattopadhyay, S; Dey, S; Mazumder, B, 2014)	0.4
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Soluplus® on the solubility of atorvastatin calcium and to develop a solid dispersion formulation that can improve the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium."	( Preparation and evaluation of solid dispersion of atorvastatin calcium with Soluplus® by spray drying technique. Baek, IH; Cho, W; Ha, ES; Hwang, SJ; Kim, MS, 2014)	0.4
" The in vitro drug release and in vivo and ex vivo studies clearly demonstrated the potential of hydrophilic NG in enhancing the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of ATR."	( Solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble atorvastatin: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Devkar, TB; Divase, GT; Rodde, MS; Tekade, AR, 2014)	0.4
" Optimization of the series led to the identification of the potent and orally bioavailable JAK2 inhibitor 28 (NMS-P953)."	( Pyrrole-3-carboxamides as potent and selective JAK2 inhibitors. Avanzi, N; Ballinari, D; Bandiera, T; Bertrand, J; Bindi, S; Brasca, MG; Canevari, G; Carenzi, D; Casero, D; Ceriani, L; Ciomei, M; Cirla, A; Colombo, M; Cribioli, S; Cristiani, C; Della Vedova, F; Donati, D; Fachin, G; Fasolini, M; Felder, ER; Galvani, A; Gnocchi, P; Isacchi, A; Mirizzi, D; Motto, I; Nesi, M; Panzeri, A; Pesenti, E; Vianello, P, 2014)	0.4
"Oxidative stress [increased bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS)] plays a role in the endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, which underlie vascular damage in diabetes."	( Vascular injury in diabetic db/db mice is ameliorated by atorvastatin: role of Rac1/2-sensitive Nox-dependent pathways. Antunes, TT; Bruder-Nascimento, T; Callera, GE; He, Y; Montezano, AC; Nguyen Dinh Cat, A; Tostes, RC; Touyz, RM, 2015)	0.42
" Further modifications led to the discovery of an orally bioavailable (2-fluoro-2-methylcyclopentyl)amino analogue 5g which is a nanomolar inhibitor of both JAK3 and TYK2, functionally selective for the JAK3-JAK1 pathway versus JAK2, and active in a human whole blood assay."	( Discovery of pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxamides as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Barrish, JC; Brown, G; Carter, PH; Doweyko, LM; Duan, JJ; Fura, A; Haque, LE; Hynes, J; Jiang, B; Khan, J; Lin, S; Lippy, JS; Lu, Z; McKinnon, M; Nadler, SG; Nirschl, DS; Pitt, S; Pitts, WJ; Sack, JS; Salter-Cid, LM; Schieven, GL; Shen, G; Tokarski, JS; Wrobleski, ST; Yang, BV; Zhang, RF, 2014)	0.4
"Vonoprazan (Takecab(®)) is an orally bioavailable potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) being developed by Takeda for the treatment and prevention of acid-related diseases."	( Vonoprazan: first global approval. Garnock-Jones, KP, 2015)	0.42
"VX-787 is a first in class, orally bioavailable compound that offers unparalleled potential for the treatment of pandemic and seasonal influenza."	( Isosteric replacements of the carboxylic acid of drug candidate VX-787: Effect of charge on antiviral potency and kinase activity of azaindole-based influenza PB2 inhibitors. Bandarage, UK; Bennani, Y; Bennett, H; Boyd, MJ; Byrn, RR; Charifson, PS; Clark, MP; Davies, I; Gu, W; Jacobs, M; Ledeboer, MW; Ledford, B; Leeman, JR; Perola, E; Wang, T, 2015)	0.42
" Thus, the results presented herein strongly indicate the potential of this scaffold for its use as multi-drug resistance reversal agent or bioavailability enhancer."	( Discovery of 4-acetyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(p-tolyl)-5-methylpyrrole as a dual inhibitor of human P-glycoprotein and Staphylococcus aureus Nor A efflux pump. Bharate, JB; Bharate, SB; Joshi, P; Khan, IA; Kumar, A; Sharma, S; Singh, S; Vishwakarma, RA; Wani, A, 2015)	0.42
" Further optimization of the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties afforded MK-8267 as a potent, orally bioavailable and brain penetrant KSP inhibitor which showed anti-tumor activity in preclinical xenograft models."	( Discovery of novel spiro 1,3,4-thiadiazolines as potent, orally bioavailable and brain penetrant KSP inhibitors. Allbritton, O; Angeles, AR; Basso, AD; Dai, C; Gray, K; Liang, L; Liu, M; Mansoor, UF; Siddiqui, MA; Tang, H; Vitharana, D; Yang, L, 2015)	0.42
" A series of compounds was synthesized leading to the identification of the potent and orally bioavailable JAK2 inhibitor 16 (NMS-P830), which showed an encouraging tumour growth inhibition in SET-2 xenograft tumour model, with evidence for JAK2 pathway suppression demonstrated by in vivo pharmacodynamic effects."	( Novel pyrrole carboxamide inhibitors of JAK2 as potential treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Amboldi, N; Avanzi, N; Bertrand, J; Bindi, S; Brasca, MG; Canevari, G; Casero, D; Ciomei, M; Colombo, N; Cribioli, S; Donati, D; Fachin, G; Felder, ER; Galvani, A; Gnocchi, P; Isacchi, A; Motto, I; Nesi, M; Panzeri, A, 2015)	0.42
"This study sought to investigate whether the individual cholesterol absorption rate affects atorvastatin's effectiveness to reduce cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients."	( Intestinal cholesterol absorption, treatment with atorvastatin, and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. Baumgartner, I; Drechsler, C; Fauler, G; Genser, B; Grammer, TB; Krane, V; März, W; Ritz, E; Scharnagl, H; Silbernagel, G; Wanner, C, 2015)	0.42
" After oral administration of [14C]CS-0777, CS-0777 was well absorbed in rats and monkeys with total recoveries of over 90% of the dose, majorly in feces."	( Pharmacokinetics and disposition of CS-0777, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, in rats and monkeys. Goto, M; Ikeda, T; Inaba, S; Iwabuchi, H; Izumi, T; Takahashi, M; Tanaka, H, 2015)	0.42
"The concentrations of crospovidone (CP), maltodextrin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) have been optimized in the development of self-microemulsified tablets (SMET) to improve the oral bioavailability of an anti-hyperlipidemic drug, atorvastatin, and the in-vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of the optimized SMET were compared with those of a commercial tablet in rabbits."	( Effects of carbohydrate polymers in self-microemulsified tablets on the bioavailability of atorvastatin: In vitro-in vivo study. Biswal, PK; Dixit, PK; Pani, NR, 2015)	0.42
"The present results indicate that the bioavailability of the SMET of atorvastatin is better than the commercial formulation."	( Effects of carbohydrate polymers in self-microemulsified tablets on the bioavailability of atorvastatin: In vitro-in vivo study. Biswal, PK; Dixit, PK; Pani, NR, 2015)	0.42
" Oral bioavailability in humans remains unknown."	( The First-in-Class Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, Vonoprazan Fumarate: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations. Echizen, H, 2016)	0.43
" Study B assessed the effect of a high-fat meal on the bioavailability of tofacitinib from the XR formulation."	( Extended-Release Once-Daily Formulation of Tofacitinib: Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics Compared With Immediate-Release Tofacitinib and Impact of Food. Alvey, C; Fletcher, T; Kushner, J; Lamba, M; Stock, TC; Wang, R, 2016)	0.43
" All of these efforts led to the identification of compound 11 as a potent and orally bioavailable FFA1 agonist without the risk of hypoglycemia."	( Discovery of novel pyrrole-based scaffold as potent and orally bioavailable free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Cai, X; Dai, Y; Fu, M; Huang, W; Li, Z; Pan, M; Qian, H; Shi, W; Su, X, 2016)	0.43
" These activities, associated to a good predictive bioavailability and a lack of cytotoxicity, design it as a promising hit for further in vivo investigation."	( Novel benzylidenephenylpyrrolizinones with pleiotropic activities potentially useful in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Corvaisier, S; Cresteil, T; Dallemagne, P; El Kihel, L; Jourdan, JP; Lecoutey, C; Legay, R; Malzert-Fréon, A; Rochais, C; Since, M; Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos, J, 2016)	0.43
" Peptide-enriched drinks (PEDs) are broadly consumed worldwide due to rapid rate of absorption and perceived health effects."	( Determination of Free-Form and Peptide Bound Pyrraline in the Commercial Drinks Enriched with Different Protein Hydrolysates. Li, B; Li, L; Liang, Z; Qi, H; Xu, Z; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
" The lower inhibitory activity of 22SYM probably reflects its lower bioavailability and higher specific binding to VEGFR2 TK, which may decrease its potential side effects and toxicity in comparison with sunitinib."	( Inhibition of VEGF mediated post receptor signalling pathways by recently developed tyrosine kinase inhibitor in comparison with sunitinib. Boháč, A; Moravčík, R; Stebelová, K; Zeman, M, 2016)	0.43
" Vonoprazan, an orally bioavailable potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), was approved in Japan in 2014."	( A Novel Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker Improves the Efficacy of Clarithromycin-containing 7-day Triple Therapy against Helicobacter pylori. Adachi, K; Ebi, M; Funaki, Y; Goji, S; Izawa, S; Kasugai, K; Noda, H; Noguchi, S; Ogasawara, N; Sasaki, M; Tamura, Y; Yamamoto, S; Yoshimine, T, 2016)	0.43
" This approach not only identified pyrrole-2 as a unique derivative of this series that specifically inhibited the UV-activated p38α kinase, but also documented the skin permeation, bioavailability and reversible properties of this derivative in a 3D structure."	( Integrating targeted gene expression and a skin model system to identify functional inhibitors of the UV activated p38 MAP kinase. Abrahams, A; Galibert, MD; Gilot, D; Gouault, N; Le Roch, M; Lohézic Le Dévéhat, F; Mouchet, N; Rouaud, I, 2016)	0.43
" The absolute oral bioavailability was 61."	( Pharmacokinetics, distribution, and disposition of esaxerenone, a novel, highly potent and selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in rats and monkeys. Inoue, SI; Izumi, T; Kotsuma, M; Murayama, N; Suzuki, E; Takakusa, H; Takei, M; Washio, T; Yamada, M, 2017)	0.46
" Since sunitinib is an anticancer drug characterized by low bioavailability and low permeability, the bioconjugation aimed at their enhancement."	( Synthesis of sericin-based conjugates by click chemistry: enhancement of sunitinib bioavailability and cell membrane permeation. Iacopetta, D; Longo, P; Parisi, OI; Puoci, F; Saturnino, C; Scrivano, L; Sinicropi, MS, 2017)	0.46
" This lipid nanostructure can improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic agents for photothermal treatment with high efficiency and deliver the anticancer drug curcumin to the tumor site actuated by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation."	( Efficient Cancer Regression by a Thermosensitive Liposome for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Chemo Combinatorial Therapy. Bao, Y; Cao, Y; Huang, Y; Li, Y; Liu, L; Sun, L; Yang, X; Yi, J; Yu, C, 2017)	0.46
" We also discuss two glucan synthesis inhibitors: CD101, an echinocandin with an increased half-life, and SCY-078 with oral bioavailability and increased activity against echinocandin-resistant isolates."	( Drugs in Clinical Development for Fungal Infections. Gonzalez-Lara, MF; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Sifuentes-Osornio, J, 2017)	0.46
"It is widely accepted that impaired bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)."	( Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase unmasks vigorous vasoconstriction in established pulmonary arterial hypertension. Abe, K; Hoka, S; Ishikawa, T; McMurtry, IF; Oka, M; Saku, K; Sunagawa, K; Tanaka, M; Tsutsui, H; Yoshida, K, 2017)	0.46
" In vivo studies included oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic assessment in mouse, rat and dog."	( Preclinical evaluation of saroglitazar magnesium, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist for treatment of dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. Giri, P; Gupta, L; Jain, MR; Modi, N; Patel, H; Patel, P; Patel, U; Shah, K; Singh, S; Srinivas, NR, 2018)	0.48
" However, its clinical application is limited by its poor bioavailability related to its extremely low water solubility."	( Еlectrospun сellulose acetate membranes decorated with curcumin-PVP particles: preparation, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Georgieva, A; Manolova, N; Markova, N; Rashkov, I; Spasova, M; Toshkova, R; Tsekova, P, 2017)	0.46
" Food did not affect the bioavailability of AZD5363, but reduced the absorption rate without discernibly affecting safety/tolerability."	( A Phase 1, open-label, multicentre study to compare the capsule and tablet formulations of AZD5363 and explore the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic exposure, safety and tolerability of AZD5363 in patients with advanced solid malignancies: OAK. Bailey, C; Banerji, U; Casson, E; Cripps, D; Cullberg, M; Dean, E; Evans, S; Foxley, A; Jimenez, B; Krebs, MG; Lawrence, P; Lindemann, J; Rugman, P; Schellens, JHM; Taylor, N; Turner, G; van Brummelen, E; Yates, J, 2018)	0.48
" Compound 12g with MIC values of 5 μg/ml as a representative may possess better oral bioavailability and indicated high permeability by the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay of the blood-brain barrier (PAMPA-BBB)."	( Discovery of novel anti-tuberculosis agents with pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-based scaffold. An, Q; Deng, Y; Liu, P; Luo, Y; Sang, Z; Tang, Y; Wang, T; Yang, T; Yang, Y; Zhang, T, 2018)	0.48
" The enterohepatic circulation model reasonably captured the second peak of AZD3241, and high-fat food increased the absorption rate by 69%."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling With Enterohepatic Circulation for AZD3241 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Multiple System Atrophy. Al-Huniti, N; Li, J; Li, Y; Mullen, JA; Savage, A; Taylor, W; Tong, X; Xu, H; Zhou, D, 2018)	0.48
" Because of SAR studies to improve bioavailability of lead compound 2, compound (R)-24 was identified, which showed an analgesic effect against neuropathic pain by oral administration."	( Pyrrolinone derivatives as a new class of P2X3 receptor antagonists Part 2: Discovery of orally bioavailable compounds. Asahi, K; Endoh, T; Fuchino, K; Horiguchi, T; Jikihara, S; Kai, H; Kameyama, T; Kanda, Y; Kurihara, N; Ogawa, M; Oohara, M; Shimada, S; Shinohara, S; Tada, Y; Takahara, Y; Takeyama, C; Tamura, N; Taniguchi, E; Tobinaga, H; Yagi, S; Yamamoto, S, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic properties and kinome selectivity were optimized, resulting in the identification of a new series of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable TTK inhibitors."	( Design and Optimization Leading to an Orally Active TTK Protein Kinase Inhibitor with Robust Single Agent Efficacy. Bahmanyar, S; Boylan, JF; Cashion, D; Condroski, K; Elsner, J; Fenalti, G; Fultz, KE; Krishna Narla, R; Kulkarni, A; LeBrun, L; Leftheris, K; Nagy, M; Pagarigan, B; Peng, X; Riggs, JR; Robinson, D; Tehrani, L; Tran, T; Zhu, D, 2019)	0.51
"To investigate the absolute bioavailability of esaxerenone and the effects of food on its pharmacokinetics (PK) after a single oral dose in healthy Japanese subjects."	( Absolute Bioavailability of Esaxerenone and Food Effects on its Pharmacokinetics After a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Japanese Subjects: An Open-Label Crossover Study. Furuie, H; Ishizuka, H; Ishizuka, T; Kato, M; Kurata, A; Nakatsu, T; Nishikawa, Y; Shimizu, T, 2019)	0.51
"Esaxerenone has a high absolute bioavailability of approximately 90% and food has no effect on esaxerenone PK after a single oral dose of 5 mg in healthy Japanese subjects."	( Absolute Bioavailability of Esaxerenone and Food Effects on its Pharmacokinetics After a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Japanese Subjects: An Open-Label Crossover Study. Furuie, H; Ishizuka, H; Ishizuka, T; Kato, M; Kurata, A; Nakatsu, T; Nishikawa, Y; Shimizu, T, 2019)	0.51
" Tofacitinib PK was described using a one-compartment disposition model parameterized in terms of apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) with first-order absorption rate (Ka) and a lag time."	( Population pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib in patients with psoriatic arthritis . Deng, C; Kanik, KS; Menon, S; Nicholas, T; Wang, Q; Xie, R, 2019)	0.51
" Metarrestin has greater than 80% oral bioavailability in all species tested."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics characterization of metarrestin in multiple species. Hughes, EA; Konrath, KM; Li, D; Marugan, J; Padilha, EC; Patnaik, S; Rice, KA; Rudloff, U; Shah, P; Singleton, MD; Wang, AQ; Xu, X, 2020)	0.56
"Metarrestin is a low clearance compound which has good bioavailability and large biodistribution after oral administration."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics characterization of metarrestin in multiple species. Hughes, EA; Konrath, KM; Li, D; Marugan, J; Padilha, EC; Patnaik, S; Rice, KA; Rudloff, U; Shah, P; Singleton, MD; Wang, AQ; Xu, X, 2020)	0.56
" Pexidartinib is an orally bioavailable and potent inhibitor of CSF-1R which is one of the most clinically used agents."	( Pexidartinib, a Novel Small Molecule CSF-1R Inhibitor in Use for Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Development. Benner, B; Carson, WE; Cherian, MA; Good, L; Kassem, M; Quiroga, D; Sardesai, S; Schultz, TE; Wesolowski, R, 2020)	0.56
" Esaxerenone is rapidly absorbed and reaches intracellular targets because of its high membrane permeability, exhibits high bioavailability with small interindividual exposure variation, and is metabolized via several pathways (e."	( [Pharmacological profile, clinical efficacy, and safety of esaxerenone (Minnebro Homma, T; Igawa, Y; Yamada, M; Yamakawa, S; Yoshimura, M, 2020)	0.56
" In silico studies of the most potent derivatives qualified their significant pharmacokinetic properties with good predicted oral bioavailability and their adherence to Lipinski's rule of five for druglikeness."	( Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico study of pyrazoline-conjugated 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. Jagtap, SV; Rasal, NK; Sonawane, RB, 2021)	0.62
" In the present study, specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) is developed into a self-carried nanodrug (SCND-SIS3) using the reprecipitation method, which largely improves its solubility and bioavailability while reduces its nephrotoxicity."	( Self-carried nanodrug (SCND-SIS3): A targeted therapy for lung cancer with superior biocompatibility and immune boosting effects. Chen, J; Huang, XR; Lan, HY; Lee, CS; Li, M; Lian, GY; Mak, TS; Tang, PM; Wan, Y; Wang, QM; Wang, ZY; Yu, XQ; Zhang, J, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The effectiveness of tolmetin sodium in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated by: 1) a 12-week, double-blind study with a dosage range of 800-1600 mg daily; and 2) an open 2-year study with a dosage range of 400-2400 mg daily."	( Tolmetin sodium, a new anti-arthritis drug: double-blind and long-term studies. Cordrey, LJ, 1976)	0.26
" 4 Dose-response curves to exogenous acetylcholine in guinea-pig ileum were shifted to the right by kryptopyrrole, with loss of parallelism and reduction in the maximum contraction."	( Pharmacological properties of kryptopyrrole and its oxidation products on isolated sciatic nerve of rat and on guinea-pig ileum. Gorchein, A; Mitchell, LD; Rogers, AT, 1979)	0.26
" 2 Acetylpyrrolcholine and acetylmorpholinecholine are full cholinoceptor agonists with dose-response curves parallel to that of acetylcholine."	( The pharmacological properties of the cholinergic false transmitter, N-2-acetoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, and its precursor, N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium. Von Schwarzenfeld, I; Whittaker, VP, 1977)	0.26
"Plasma concentration-time data in man after oral dosing of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, tolmetin sodium, were fitted to both linear and nonlinear pharmacokinetic equations."	( Linear and nonlinear assessment of tolmetin pharmacokinetics. Ayres, JW; Sakmar, E; Wagner, JG; Weidler, DJ, 1977)	0.26
" The initial dosage of tolmetin in all patients was 600 mg a day, given orally in three divided doses."	( Results of a one-year trial of tolmetin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biundo, JJ; Brown, JH; Hull, J, )	0.13
" Plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of tolmetin in arthritic patients after multiple dosing were smaller to those after a single dose."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of tolmetin in man. Glass, J; Selley, ML; Thomas, J; Triggs, EJ, 1975)	0.25
"05) without affecting exogenously applied acetylcholine dose-response curves."	( Role of K+ channels in the modulation of cholinergic neural responses in guinea-pig and human airways. Barnes, PJ; Belvisi, MG; Miura, M; Stretton, CD; Yacoub, MH, 1992)	0.28
" Routine enantiomeric analyses were successfully carried out on samples taken from animals dosed orally with the racemic drugs, providing important data on the possible levels of exposure to individual enantiomers during toxicity testing."	( Advantages of achiral h.p.l.c. as a preparative step for chiral analysis in biological samples and its use in toxicokinetic studies. Beresford, AP; Caswell, K; Chambers, R; Kirk, IP, 1992)	0.28
" Phentolamine, antazoline, tolazoline, and midaglizole also shifted the dose-response curve for nicorandil to the right in the dose range of 1-100 microM."	( Effects of imidazoline-related compounds on the mechanical response to nicorandil in the rat portal vein. Ichihara, K; Nagasaka, M; Okumura, K, 1992)	0.28
" Dosage adjustments of meropenem will be necessary in patients with severe renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics of meropenem (ICI 194,660) and its metabolite (ICI 213,689) in healthy subjects and in patients with renal impairment. Borsa-Lebas, F; Etienne, I; Fillastre, JP; Humbert, G; Leroy, A, 1992)	0.28
"1 mg/kg) occurred during an 8-week repeated daily dosing to RHD and plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels were not elevated during this period."	( Y-27152, a long-acting K+ channel opener with less tachycardia: antihypertensive effects in hypertensive rats and dogs in conscious state. Aoki, K; Fukunari, A; Katoh, A; Nakajima, T; Setoguchi, M; Shinagawa, K; Shinohara, T; Tahara, T; Yamanaka, T; Yaoka, O, 1992)	0.28
" Cells were held at 0 mV and BRL 38227 was added cumulatively to construct a dose-response relationship."	( Effects of BRL 38227 on potassium currents in smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit portal vein and human mesenteric artery. Aaronson, PI; Russell, SN; Smirnov, SV, 1992)	0.28
" In a repeat, once daily dosing experiment no tolerance was observed to the antihypertensive effect of Ro 31-6930 over a 22-day period."	( Preclinical pharmacology of Ro 31-6930, a new potassium channel opener. Burden, DT; Burke, YM; Cowlrick, IS; Paciorek, PM; Perkins, RS; Taylor, JC; Waterfall, JF, 1990)	0.28
"1 and 1 microM), with a three-fold and eight-fold shift to the right of the dose-response curve, respectively."	( The action of a potassium channel activator, BRL 38227 (lemakalim), on human airway smooth muscle. Alouan, LA; Armour, CL; Barnes, PJ; Black, JL; Johnson, PR, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response curves for the increase in coronary blood flow produced by nicorandil or cromakalim were shifted to the right in a parallel manner and to similar extents by glibenclamide given intravenously to support dogs."	( Nicorandil increases coronary blood flow predominantly by K-channel opening mechanism. Satoh, K; Taira, N; Yoneyama, F, 1990)	0.28
" Studies in rats with adjuvant arthritis showed that a long dosing regimen inhibited primary and secondary lesions."	( Profile of activity of a new anti-inflammatory agent, ST 679 (MED 15). Arrigoni-Martelli, E, 1990)	0.28
" The exact location at which axonal enlargements occur appears to be a continuous function, dependent on both the structure and dosage schedule of the chemical toxin."	( Pathogenesis of experimental giant neurofilamentous axonopathies: a unified hypothesis based on chemical modification of neurofilaments. Autilio-Gambetti, L; Gambetti, P; Sayre, LM, 1985)	0.27
" The antihypertensive response to BRL 34915 in these models is reproducible on repeat once daily dosing without rebound hypertension on cessation of dosing."	( BRL 34915, a novel antihypertensive agent: comparison of effects on blood pressure and other haemodynamic parameters with those of nifedipine in animal models. Buckingham, RE; Clapham, JC; Hamilton, TC; Longman, SD; Norton, J; Poyser, RH, )	0.13
" Plasma and milk samples were collected on the two dosing days and on the first day after dosing."	( The excretion of ketorolac tromethamine into breast milk after multiple oral dosing. Bullingham, R; Lloyd, J; Manth, SM; Thompson, JS; Wischnik, A, 1989)	0.28
"The disposition and metabolism of prinomide, the 1:1 triethanolamine salt of 1-methyl-beta-oxo-alpha-(phenylcarbamoyl)-2-pyrrolepropionitrile (CGS 10787B), have been investigated in a number of animal species after single and multiple oral dosing with 14C-labeled and unlabeled drug."	( Disposition and metabolism of prinomide in laboratory animals. Egger, H; Itterly, W; John, V; Kapoor, A; Rodebaugh, R; Shimanskas, C; Stancato, F, )	0.13
" Our results suggested a positive dose-response relationship for ketorolac."	( Ketorolac versus aspirin for postpartum uterine pain. Barden, TP; Bloomfield, SS; Cissell, GB; Mitchell, J; Yee, JP, )	0.13
"A series of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-acetamides, related to guanfacine, were prepared and tested for antidiarrheal activity in castor oil dosed rats."	( Synthesis and antidiarrheal activity of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-acetamides related to guanfacine. Beattie, DE; Dover, GM; Ward, TJ, 1985)	0.27
" Cessation of dosing resulted in some recovery from clinical neuropathy but virtually no change in histopathologically demonstrable CNS damage."	( Alterations in rat axonal cytoskeletal proteins induced by in vitro and in vivo 2,5-hexanedione exposure. DeCaprio, AP; O'Neill, EA, 1985)	0.27
" In the multiple dosing phase, zomepirac was statistically better than dihydrocodeine."	( Zomepirac, dihydrocodeine and placebo compared in postoperative pain after day-case surgery. The relationship between the effects of single and multiple doses. Bullingham, RE; Carroll, D; Collin, J; Evans, PJ; Lloyd, JW; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; O'Sullivan, G, 1985)	0.27
" Evaluation of symptoms and signs revealed no statistical difference of effectiveness between the two dosage groups."	( [Clinical experiences with 5% Tolectin (tolmetin) gel in patients with degenerative joint and spine diseases and soft tissue rheumatism]. Fellmann, N, )	0.13
" Dosage adjustments may, therefore, be necessary in patients with cirrhosis of the liver."	( Abnormal glucuronidation of zomepirac in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Bircher, J; Huguenin, P; Preisig, R; Witassek, F, )	0.13
" The dosage of tolmetin sodium remained at 1600 mg daily for the 3-month duration of the study but side-effects necessitated the reduction of the dosage of aloxiprin in many patients and after 3-months' treatment the mean dosage was 4 g daily."	( Clinical experience with tolmetin sodium. Balme, HW; Huskisson, EC; Wojtulewski, JA, 1980)	0.26
" Patients were allocated at random to treatment with either 800 mg tolmetin sodium daily or 500 mg naproxen daily over a period of 12 weeks, both drugs being given in identical capsule form in a dosage of 2 capsules twice daily."	( A double-blind comparative evaluation of tolmetin versus naproxen in osteoarthritis. Bach-Andersen, R; Persson, B; Telhag, H, 1981)	0.26
" The binding characteristics of these drugs were not altered when plasma containing either warfarin or tolbutamide at concentrations equivalent to those expected normally after therapeutic dosing were concomitantly spiked with therapeutic amounts of pirprofen."	( Effect of pirprofen on protein binding of warfarin and tolbutamide in human plasma. Chao, D; Luders, RC, 1981)	0.26
" Bioavailability of zomepirac from the 3 dosage forms was much the same."	( Zomepirac kinetics in healthy males. Gottlieb, S; Nayak, RK; Ng, KT; Plostnieks, J, 1980)	0.26
"A spectrophotometric assay for determining tolmetin sodium in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms is described."	( Stability-indicating assay for tolmetin sodium in solid dosage forms. Daly, KF; Janicki, CA, 1980)	0.26
" In conscious normotensive rats, the hypotensive response to UR-8225 (1 mg/kg) did not diminish with repeated dosing for 16 days."	( Cardiovascular effects of the novel potassium channel opener UR-8225. Cavalcanti, F; Delpón, E; García-Rafanell, J; Gómez, L; Pérez, O; Tamargo, J, 1995)	0.29
" The present investigation determined the effect of human natural cycle periovulatory follicular (hFF) and oviductal fluids (hOF) on the human sperm AR in dose-response fashion using the synchronous AR assay."	( The acrosome reaction-inducing effect of human follicular and oviductal fluid. Barratt, CL; Cooke, ID; De Jonge, CJ; Radwanska, E, )	0.13
" Dose-response curves to PGE2, PGD2, and iloprost, a PGI2 analogue, were performed before and during KATP channel blockade with glibenclamide."	( Evidence that prostaglandins I2, E2, and D2 may activate ATP sensitive potassium channels in the isolated rat heart. Bouchard, JF; Dumont, E; Lamontagne, D, 1994)	0.29
"Ro 24-7429, a Tat antagonist, dosed at 75, 150, or 300 mg/day, was compared with nucleoside analogue (zidovudine or didanosine) for 12 weeks in 96 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients to assess safety and activity."	( A randomized trial of the activity and safety of Ro 24-7429 (Tat antagonist) versus nucleoside for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group 213 Team. Flexner, C; Ginsberg, R; Hamzeh, FM; Haubrich, RH; Hirsch, M; Lederman, MM; Lietman, P; Pettinelli, CP; Richman, DD; Spector, SA, 1995)	0.29
" Bladder activity and selectivity after oral dosing were studied in conscious, normotensive rats and dogs by monitoring cystometric and cardiovascular (CV) parameters."	( ZENECA ZD6169: a novel KATP channel opener with in vivo selectivity for urinary bladder. Do, ML; Empfield, JR; Halterman, TJ; Howe, BB; Ohnmacht, CJ; Pettinger, SJ; Russell, K; Stow, RB; Trainor, DA; Yochim, CL, 1995)	0.29
" In a 4-week chronic dosing study in SHR, TCV-295 (0."	( Antihypertensive and cardiovascular effects of a new potassium channel opener, TCV-295, in rats and dogs. Awane, Y; Fujiwara, S; Hashiguchi, S; Kitayoshi, T; Kusumoto, K; Shiraishi, M; Terashita, Z; Watanabe, T, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response curve of the effects of levcromakalim on coronary perfusion pressure was shifted to the right in the presence of 20 nM to 1 microM glibenclamide."	( The sensitivity of coronary vascular tone to glibenclamide: a study on the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. Cyrys, S; Daut, J, 1994)	0.29
" To test this hypothesis, we determined the dose-response relation to lemakalim, a selective activator of KATP channels, in isolated endothelium-denuded segments of the second (2B, internal diameter approximately 200 microns) and fourth (4B, internal diameter approximately 125 microns) branches of middle cerebral arteries taken from newborn (3-7 d old) and adult sheep."	( Maturation enhances the sensitivity of ovine cerebral arteries to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator lemakalim. Elliott, SR; Pearce, WJ, 1994)	0.29
" In animal experiments the compound has antiphlogistic, analgesic, antipyretic, antiasthmatic and antiaggregative activity at a dosage that causes no gastrointestinal damage."	( Pharmacological profile of a new pyrrolizine derivative inhibiting the enzymes cyclo-oxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. Augustin, J; Dannhardt, G; Laufer, S; Tries, S, 1994)	0.29
"1 ml), and dose-response curves to levcromakalim (a KATP channel opener) or isoproterenol were constructed."	( Role of potassium channels in hypoxic relaxation of porcine bronchi in vitro. Croxton, TL; Fernandes, LB; Hirshman, CA; Lindeman, KS, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response relation between ATP and the UDP-induced KATP-channel activity was shifted to the right in the presence of Mg2+ (2 mM)."	( Regulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by ATP and nucleotide diphosphate in rabbit portal vein. Kamouchi, M; Kitamura, K, 1994)	0.29
"3 and 1 mg/kg ip for most compounds), the presence of a bell-shaped dose-response curve and, generally, a reduction of biological activity after po administration."	( Synthesis and pharmacological activity of a series of dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2,5(3H,6H)-diones, a novel class of potent cognition enhancers. Banfi, S; Biagetti, R; Cerri, A; Dorigotti, L; Farina, C; Magnani, M; Pfeiffer, U; Pinza, M; Pozzi, O; Riccaboni, MT, 1993)	0.29
" The slopes of the dose-response curves for noradrenaline, phenylephrine and methoxamine and frequency-response curves for renal nerve stimulation generated at each dose level of BRL38227 could not be distinguished statistically."	( Effect of BRL 38227 on the adrenergic regulation of the kidney vasculature of the rat. Johns, EJ, 1993)	0.29
" The dosing interval of meropenem should be prolonged in a regular proportion to the decline in CLCR (12 h in group II patients and 24 h in group III patients)."	( Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in patients with various degrees of renal function, including patients with end-stage renal disease. Chimata, M; Kakuta, S; Nagase, M; Shimomura, M; Suzuki, Y, 1993)	0.29
" The highest dosage employed (1800 mg/die) performs an excellent therapeutical activity which is equivalent to that at the 1200 mg in reducing pain symptomatology, but on the average less tolerated."	( [A clinical study to determine the optimal dosage of ST-679 in the treatment of rheumatic diseases]. Donati, G; Spinazzè, R, 1993)	0.29
" Dose-response curves induced by bolus injection (i."	( Effects of a K+ATP channel opener, lemakalim, on systemic, coronary and regional vascular dynamics in conscious dogs: comparison with nifedipine, adenosine, nitroglycerin and acetylcholine. Shen, YT; Vatner, SF, 1993)	0.29
" The dosage used in Group A1 was as efficacious as that used in Group A2."	( [Clinical trial comparing a new NSAID with 2 different dosages and diclofenac in patients with arthralgia in acute phase]. Alicicco, E; Delfino, M; Kleszczynski, D, 1995)	0.29
" In SHR cells, the maximal slope conductance of the levcromakalim-evoked current, normalized by cell capacitance, was decreased, and the dose-response curve was shifted to the right compared with WKY cells."	( Impaired action of levcromakalim on ATP-sensitive K+ channels in mesenteric artery cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Abe, I; Fujii, K; Fujishima, M; Nagao, T; Ohya, Y; Setoguchi, M, 1996)	0.29
"05) rightward shift of the dose-response curve for the depressor effects of adenosine (ED50 = 13."	( The involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and adenosine in the regulation of coronary flow in the isolated perfused rat heart. Randall, MD, 1995)	0.29
" Glibenclamide (30 microM) had no significant effect on relaxation of the dose-response curve to nitroglycerin and almost completely abolished the relaxation by cromakalim, a known opener of ATP-sensitive potassium channels."	( Effect of selective inhibition of potassium channels on vasorelaxing response to cromakalim, nitroglycerin and nitric oxide of canine coronary arteries. Hohn, J; Papp, JG; Pataricza, J; Penke, B; Toth, GK, 1995)	0.29
"]) did not change tail-flick latency in control animals but produced a dose-dependent enhancement of the antinociception induced by clonidine and morphine, and shifted their dose-response curves to the left."	( Cromakalim differentially enhances antinociception induced by agonists of alpha(2)adrenoceptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid(B), mu and kappa opioid receptors. Baeyens, JM; Barrios, M; Ocaña, M, 1996)	0.29
"0 mg/kg) if the dosing interval was 10 min, whereas 30."	( Opioid antagonist profile of SC nor-binaltorphimine in the formalin paw assay. Grouhel, A; Wettstein, JG, 1996)	0.29
" In 4 studies [2-wk rising dose (daily increasing doses for 1 wk; maintenance for 1 wk), 12-wk rising dose (daily dosing with weekly increases in dose), 2-wk toxicity (daily dosing for 2 wk; 3 dose levels), 13-wk toxicity (daily dosing for 13 wk; 3 dose levels)], dogs received up to 400 mg/kg orally."	( Subchronic toxicity of atorvastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in beagle dogs. Albassam, MA; Clarke, DE; Walsh, KM, )	0.13
" Isometric tension was measured and dose-response curves were constructed for levcromakalim (a KATP opener), Y-26763 (another KATP opener), isoprenaline and theophylline in guinea-pig isolated trachea that was challenged with ovalbumin or pretreated in vitro with either isoprenaline or the KATP openers."	( Allergic responses reduce the relaxant effect of beta-agonists but not potassium channel openers in guinea-pig isolated trachea. Dobashi, K; Houjou, S; Iizuka, K; Nakazawa, T, 1996)	0.29
"Studies were undertaken to establish the regional hemodynamic profile and dose-response relation of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channel activator lemakalim in anesthetized rats."	( Regional hemodynamic dose-response of lemakalim and glybenclamide in anesthetized rats. Cox, BF; Perrone, MH; Smits, GJ, 1997)	0.3
" After preconstriction with the thromboxane analog, U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-11 alpha, 9 alpha-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F2 alpha), the pulmonary vascular dose-response relationship for the k+ATP agonist lemakalim was assessed in the conscious and halothane-anesthetized states and also in the conscious and enflurane-anesthetized states."	( Halothane and enflurane attenuate pulmonary vasodilation mediated by adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels compared to the conscious state. Murray, PA; Nakayama, M; Sato, K; Seki, S, 1997)	0.3
"05) in the lemakalim dose-response relationship."	( Halothane and enflurane attenuate pulmonary vasodilation mediated by adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels compared to the conscious state. Murray, PA; Nakayama, M; Sato, K; Seki, S, 1997)	0.3
" When dosed orally JTV-506 (0."	( Effect of JTV-506, a novel vasodilator, on coronary blood flow in conscious dogs. Aisaka, K; Hirata, Y, 1997)	0.3
" No statistically significant differences were found between the first dose and steady state or between groups for any plasma pharmacokinetic parameters-including the highest observed plasma concentrations, plasma concentrations at 6 hours after dosing (C6h), terminal half-life, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), area under the first moment of the curve, plasma clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, and accumulation ratios-on the basis of either AUC or C6h."	( Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in patients with liver disease. Birmingham, B; Lasseter, K; Thyrum, PT; Yeh, C, 1997)	0.3
"52 mmol/L (400 mg/dl) received once-daily dosing with atorvastatin (Lipitor) 10 mg or simvastatin (Zocor) 10 mg."	( A multicenter, double-blind, one-year study comparing safety and efficacy of atorvastatin versus simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Best, J; Black, D; Bracs, P; d'Emden, M; Dart, A; Hamilton-Craig, I; Jerums, G; Nicholson, G; Sullivan, D; Tallis, G; West, M, 1997)	0.3
" No tolerance to the antihypertensive effect of KRN4884 was observed during a 15-day repeated dosing period."	( KRN4884, a novel K channel opener: antihypertensive effects in conscious renal hypertensive dogs. Endo, M; Izawa, T; Izumi, H; Jinno, Y; Kawahara, J; Takeuchi, A, 1997)	0.3
" Compound 6, 3-benzyl-8-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one, increased DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) synthesis 84% in the hippocampus and 10% in the striatum of rat brain when dosed orally at 10 mg/kg."	( Chromeno[3,4-c]pyridin-5-ones: selective human dopamine D4 receptor antagonists as potential antipsychotic agents. Capiris, T; Connor, DT; Heffner, TG; MacKenzie, RG; Miller, SR; Pugsley, TA; Unangst, PC; Wise, LD, 1997)	0.3
" The two dosage groups were well matched and had no difference in lipoprotein responses."	( Atorvastatin: an effective lipid-modifying agent in familial hypercholesterolemia. Bateman, ME; Byrnes, P; Firth, JC; Marais, AD; Martens, C; Mountney, J, 1997)	0.3
" Lemakalim dose-response curves were also generated in rings pretreated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin; or the K+(ATP) channel antagonist, glybenclamide."	( Halothane attenuates endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasorelaxant response to lemakalim, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel agonist. Horibe, M; Murray, PA; Seki, S, 1997)	0.3
" A 52-week interim sacrifice and a reversal group in which dosing was terminated at week 52 and the dogs sacrificed at week 64, was included in the 104-week study."	( Atorvastatin is not cataractogenic in beagle dogs. Robertson, DG; Rothwell, CE; Urda, ER; Walsh, KM, 1997)	0.3
"Tumor inhibitory action and the optimal dosage regimens of highly potent targeted cytotoxic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogs containing doxorubicin (DOX) or 2-pyrrolino-DOX (AN-201) were tested in female BDF mice bearing estrogen independent MXT mouse mammary cancers."	( Targeted cytotoxic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) anlalogs inhibit growth of estrogen independent MXT mouse mammary cancers in vivo by decreasing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Groot, K; Halmos, G; Nagy, A; Schally, AV; Szepeshazi, K, 1997)	0.3
" Thus atorvastatin had no consistent effect on the anticoagulant activity of warfarin and adjustment in warfarin dosing should not be necessary."	( Atorvastatin does not alter the anticoagulant activity of warfarin. Abel, R; Besserer, J; Gibson, GL; Stern, R, 1997)	0.3
" The two drugs exhibited similar IC50's for inhibition of either rat or human reductase, and single oral dosing in rats showed the compounds to be nearly equipotent at inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis."	( Hepatic responses to inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase: a comparison of atorvastatin and simvastatin. Bergstrom, JD; Bostedor, RG; Chao, YS; Geissler, WM; Rew, DJ; Wright, SD, 1998)	0.3
" Gerbils were treated at 30 mg/kg orally 30 minutes before the BCO and 2 hours after ischemia, followed by daily dosing for the next day (microglia and MDA) and the successive 3 days for APP, b-AP, APO-E, and GFAP immunostaining."	( Neuroprotective efficacy and mechanisms of novel pyrrolopyrimidine lipid peroxidation inhibitors in the gerbil forebrain ischemia model. Carter, DB; Dunn, E; Hall, ED; Oostveen, JA, 1998)	0.3
" The antagonist (1-10 mg/kg) failed to engender cocaine-appropriate responding when injected alone, and failed to modify the cocaine dose-response curve when injected as a pre-treatment; however, it reduced response rates dose-dependently."	( The dopamine D4 receptor antagonist L-745,870: effects in rats discriminating cocaine from saline. Costanza, RM; Terry, P, 1998)	0.3
" In accordance with manufacturers' recommendations, maximum dosage was atorvastatin 80 mg daily or simvastatin 40 mg daily (+cholestyramine 4 g daily in 84% of cases)."	( Comparison of atorvastatin alone versus simvastatin +/- cholestyramine in the management of severe primary hypercholesterolaemia (the six cities study). Simons, LA, 1998)	0.3
" L-168,049 increases the apparent EC50 for glucagon stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human glucagon receptor and decreases the maximal glucagon stimulation observed, with a Kb (concentration of antagonist that shifts the agonist dose-response 2-fold) of 25 nM."	( Characterization of a novel, non-peptidyl antagonist of the human glucagon receptor. Ber, E; Cascieri, MA; Chicchi, GG; de Laszlo, SE; Hacker, C; Hagmann, WK; Koch, GE; Louizides, D; MacCoss, M; Sadowski, SJ; Vicario, PP, 1999)	0.3
" Clinical applications are rare because of the lack of dose-response relationships in the studies performed to date, and questions remain regarding the mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair."	( Codeine concentration in hair after oral administration is dependent on melanin content. Ahlner, J; Förstberg-Peterson, S; Kågedal, B; Kronstrand, R; Larson, G, 1999)	0.3
" HPLC dosage of BM 212, using a specific method, showed that BM 212 represented 62% of the urine radioactivity."	( Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bioavailability of the new anti-allergic drug BM 113. Part III: Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, dose dependency and gender effect after single or repeated administration to human healthy volunteers. Buzas, A; Duchêne, P; Houin, G; Ladure, P; Laneury, JP; Merour, JY; Ollivier, R; Tran, G, 1999)	0.3
" The method is reproducible and convenient for quantitative analysis and purity control of sulpiride in its raw material and in its dosage forms."	( Quantitative analysis of sulpiride and impurities of 2-aminomethyl-1-ethylpyrrolidine and methyl-5-sulphamoyl-2-methoxybenzoate in pharmaceuticals by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and scanning densitometry. Agbaba, D; Marinkovic, V; Miljkovic, T; Vladimirov, S; Zivanov-Stakic, D, )	0.13
" When dosed orally, this compound potentiates the effects of L-DOPA in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat, a model of Parkinson's disease."	( Discovery of subtype-selective NMDA receptor ligands: 4-benzyl-1-piperidinylalkynylpyrroles, pyrazoles and imidazoles as NR1A/2B antagonists. Boxer, PA; Gregory, TF; Meltzer, LT; Serpa, KA; Wise, LD; Wright, JL, 1999)	0.53
" Twenty-seven (N = 27) patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 350 mg/dL) were studied before and after 4 weeks on atorvastatin treatment at a dosage of either 20 (n = 16) or 80 (n = 11) mg/d."	( Lipid and apolipoprotein levels and distribution in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: effect of triglyceride reductions with atorvastatin. Bakker-Arkema, R; Black, D; Brown, WV; Innis-Whitehouse, W; Le, NA; Li, X, 2000)	0.31
" This effect was intensity-dependent (the sigmoidal dose-response curve was characterized by an EI(50) of 662+/-69 microT and a maximal increase of 321+/-13% of the control K(d)), reversible, temperature-dependent and specific to the 5-HT(1B) receptors."	( Magnetic field desensitizes 5-HT(1B) receptor in brain: pharmacological and functional studies. Bailly, JM; Deschamps, F; Fillion, G; Grimaldi, B; Kochanek, M; Lambrozo, J; Massot, O, 2000)	0.31
" Pharmacokinetic and dose-response studies suggested that an oral dose of 20 mg/kg was optimal for behavioral and endocrine effects."	( Oral administration of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist significantly attenuates behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic responses to stress in primates. Atkinson, AJ; Champoux, M; Chrousos, GP; Contoreggi, C; Gold, PW; Habib, KE; Higley, JD; Listwak, S; McCann, SM; Pushkas, J; Rice, KC; Schulkin, J; Suomi, SJ; Webster, EL; Weld, KP, 2000)	0.31
" LDL cholesterol levels were reduced by 17% at the 40 mg/day and by 28% at the 80 mg/day dosage (P<0."	( Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by atorvastatin in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Black, DM; Firth, JC; Heinonen, TM; Illingworth, DR; Kotze, MJ; Marais, AD; Pappu, AS; Pilcher, GJ; Raal, FJ, 2000)	0.31
" Steady-state atorvastatin pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated on the last day of each dosing period."	( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Abel, RB; Hounslow, NJ; MacMahon, M; Olson, SC; Stern, RH; Yang, BB, 2000)	0.31
" Pretreatment of these cells with human alphaCGRP resulted in an approximately 60% decrease in CGRP-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and an approximately 10-fold rightward shift in the dose-response curve of CGRP."	( Involvement of G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 in desensitization of CGRP receptors. Aiyar, N; Benovic, JL; Dang, K; Disa, J; Nambi, P; Pronin, AN, 2000)	0.31
"6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) maintained the same dosage regimen until they had completed 16 weeks of treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in hyperlipidemic, type 2 diabetic patients. A 34-week, multicenter, open-label study. Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Alvarado Vega, A; Angélica Gómez-Díaz, R; Eduardo Romero-Nava, L; Gómez-Pérez, FJ; Guillén, LE; Gulías-Herrero, A; Meaney, E; Mendoza Pérez, E; Moguel, R; Novoa, G; Posadas-Romero, C; Salinas-Orozco, S; Vázquez-Chávez, C, 2000)	0.31
" Drug intake was decreased across several doses of cocaine, with the dose-response curve for cocaine self-administration shifted downward and flattened, suggesting that CP-154,526 decreased cocaine reinforcement."	( Effects of the CRH receptor antagonist CP-154,526 on intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. Goeders, NE; Guerin, GF, 2000)	0.31
" Cytotoxic radical AN-201, carrier RC-3094 and their unconjugated mixture administered at the same dosage were ineffective."	( In vivo inhibition of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer by a targeted cytotoxic bombesin analogue, AN-215. Groot, K; Halmos, G; Nagy, A; Plonowski, A; Schally, AV; Sun, B, 2000)	0.31
" The calculated average annual maintenance cost was based on the distribution of the final daily dosing regimens and the public drug prices for each regimen."	( Cost-minimization analysis of simvastatin versus atorvastatin for maintenance therapy in patients with coronary or peripheral vascular disease. Allen, SE; Attanasio, E; Russo, P, 2001)	0.31
" Dose-response curves to acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-4) mol/l) and sodium nitroprusside (10(-9)-10(-4) mol/l) were studied in segmental arteries in the presence or absence of the thromboxane A2/PGH2 receptor antagonist ifetroban (10(-5) mol/l)."	( Atorvastatin prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Aragoncillo, P; Cachofeiro, V; Cediel, E; de Las Heras, N; Díaz, C; Hernández, G; Lahera, V; Navarro-Cid, J; Ruilope, LM; Sanz-Rosa, D; Vázquez-Pérez, S, 2001)	0.31
" Dose-response curves of simvastatin for bone formation and resorption differed."	( Effect of statins on bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry in rodents. Conradie, MM; Gopal, R; Hough, S; Hulley, PA; Maritz, FJ, 2001)	0.31
" Six product brands encompassing 20 dosage strengths have been available during the past two years."	( Managed care trends in statin usage. Bazalo, GR, 2001)	0.31
" Trends in market share, mean daily dose, and dosage distribution of the six current statin brands were examined."	( Managed care trends in statin usage. Bazalo, GR, 2001)	0.31
" Nelfinavir increased the steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve during one dosing period (AUC(tau)) of atorvastatin 74% and the maximum concentration (C(max)) of atorvastatin 122% and increased the AUC(tau) of simvastatin 505% and the C(max) of simvastatin 517%."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between nelfinavir and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and simvastatin. Hsyu, PH; Kerr, BM; Lewis, RH; Lillibridge, JH; Schultz-Smith, MD, 2001)	0.31
" After 5 years of failed therapy with other antihyperlipidemic agents, the patient finally agreed to undergo test dosing to a similar statin agent atorvastatin."	( Using test dose challenges to restore essential therapy in patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis and pharmacophobia: report of a patient with idiopathic anaphylaxis and statin phobia. Davison, R; Harris, KE; Mastrovich, JD; Patterson, R, )	0.13
" Dose selection for these cytostatic agents requires translation from preclinical models, as these agents are likely to require chronic dosing at an optimal biological dose, rather than a maximally tolerated dose."	( Angiogenesis inhibition in solid tumors. Rosen, LS, )	0.13
"The investigation showed that half-tablet dosing was as effective as whole-tablet dosing."	( Effect of tablet splitting on serum cholesterol concentrations. Castle, SS; Duncan, MC; Streetman, DS, 2002)	0.31
" In addition, the different dose-response to fluvoxamine suggests that 5-HT(1B) knockout mice have possible adaptations of 5-HT transporters in order to compensate for the loss of the terminal 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor."	( The effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on extracellular 5-HT levels in the hippocampus of 5-HT(1B) receptor knockout mice. De Groote, L; Olivier, B; Westenberg, HG, 2002)	0.31
"5 mg/kg) did not modify dose-response curves of the psychostimulant, nor did it affect its ED50 value."	( Serotonin1B receptor ligands in the nucleus accumbens shell do not affect the discriminative stimulus effects of amphetamine in rats. Baran, L; Filip, M; Nowak, E; Przegaliński, E, )	0.13
"Neural networks have been used in diagnosing and treating many diseases, including the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and insulin dosing in diabetes mellitus."	( A preliminary evaluation of neural network analysis for pharmacodynamic modeling of the dosing of the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin. Moon, A; Smith, T, 2002)	0.31
"The goal of this study was to develop a preliminary pharmacodynamic model for dosing of the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin using neural network analysis."	( A preliminary evaluation of neural network analysis for pharmacodynamic modeling of the dosing of the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin. Moon, A; Smith, T, 2002)	0.31
"A neural network model for the dosing of the HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin demonstrated an ability to predict appropriate dosing, but inclusion of other factors (eg, age, body weight, sex) and a larger sample size may be necessary for development of a more accurate model."	( A preliminary evaluation of neural network analysis for pharmacodynamic modeling of the dosing of the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-reductase inhibitors simvastatin and atorvastatin. Moon, A; Smith, T, 2002)	0.31
" We sought to analyze the efficacy and safety with respect to functional dosing of SU5416 in the setting of wound healing."	( Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis inhibition and postoperative wound healing in rats. Beauchamp, RD; Choy, H; Johnson, D; Nanney, L; Parman, K; Riordan, C; Roman, CD, 2002)	0.31
"Preoperative therapy with functional dosing of SU5416 does not appear to have any major effect on postoperative morbidity or mortality in rats."	( Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis inhibition and postoperative wound healing in rats. Beauchamp, RD; Choy, H; Johnson, D; Nanney, L; Parman, K; Riordan, C; Roman, CD, 2002)	0.31
" However, atorvastatin had a different dose-response effect from simvastatin on both lipid parameters."	( Dose-response effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic patients: a review of five comparative studies. Mikhailidis, DP; Wierzbicki, AS, 2002)	0.31
" A requirement for PKC betaII for phagocytosis was demonstrated collectively by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced depletion of PKC betaII, by dose-response to PKC inhibitor Ro-32-0432, and by use of PKC betaII myristoylated peptide as a blocker."	( Activation of protein kinase C beta II by the stereo-specific phosphatidylserine receptor is required for phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes by resident murine tissue macrophages. Curtis, JL; Hu, B; Polak, T; Punturieri, A; Sonstein, J; Todt, JC, 2002)	0.31
"5 mg/kg) produced a leftward shift in the cocaine dose-response curve and a decrease in its ED(50) value."	( Effects of serotonin (5-HT)(1B) receptor ligands, microinjected into accumbens subregions, on cocaine discrimination in rats. Filip, M; Jungersmith, K; Nowak, E; Papla, I; Przegaliński, E, 2002)	0.31
" To provide a rapid assessment of clearance, cassette dosing in dog was used."	( Discovery of further pyrrolidine trans-lactams as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) with potential as development candidates and the crystal structure of HNE complexed with an inhibitor (GW475151). Amour, A; Clarke, GD; Dixon, M; Dowle, MD; Fleetwood, G; Godward, RE; Hardy, GW; Harrison, LA; Hodgson, ST; Humphreys, DC; Inglis, GG; Johnson, MR; Macdonald, SJ; Molloy, CR; Shah, P; Singh, OM; Smith, RA; Wonacott, AJ, 2002)	0.31
"The mean dosage of atorvastatin was 24 mg/day."	( Treatment with atorvastatin to the National Cholesterol Educational Program goal versus 'usual' care in secondary coronary heart disease prevention. The GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) study. Athyros, VG; Athyrou, VV; Basayannis, EO; Demitriadis, DS; Kontopoulos, AG; Mercouris, BR; Papageorgiou, AA; Symeonidis, AN, 2002)	0.31
"The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of alternate-day dosing of atorvastatin compared with the standard once-daily dose based on mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction from baseline at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment."	( Is alternate daily dose of atorvastatin effective in treating patients with hyperlipidemia? The Alternate Day Versus Daily Dosing of Atorvastatin Study (ADDAS). Deedwania, PC; Matalka, MS; Ravnan, MC, 2002)	0.31
" Overall, more patients in the initial rosuvastatin 10-mg group achieved their ATP-II LDL-C goal than those in the initial atorvastatin 10-mg group (98% vs 87%), with 82% of patients treated with rosuvastatin achieving their goal at the 10-mg starting dosage without the need for titration, compared with 59% of patients treated with atorvastatin."	( Effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin compared over 52 weeks of treatment in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Istad, H; Luurila, O; Olsson, AG; Ose, L; Pears, J; Southworth, H; Stender, S; Tuomilehto, J; Wiklund, O; Wilpshaar, JW, 2002)	0.31
" Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug purified from sugar cane wax with a therapeutic dosage range from 5-20 mg/day."	( Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol with atorvastatin in elderly patients with type II hypercholesterolaemia. Alvarez, E; Castaño, G; Fernández, L; Illnait, J; Lezcay, M; Mas, R; Mesa, M, 2003)	0.32
" Constant inhibition of VEGFR2 and PDGF receptor beta phosphorylation was not required for efficacy; at highly efficacious doses, inhibition was sustained for 12 h of a 24-h dosing interval."	( In vivo antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors: determination of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Abrams, TJ; Blake, RA; Carver, J; Chan, E; Cherrington, JM; Christensen, JG; Haznedar, JO; Laird, AD; Lee, LB; Li, G; Louie, SG; McMahon, G; Mendel, DB; Miller, T; Moss, KG; Murray, LJ; Ngai, TJ; Schreck, RE; Shirazian, S; Sukbuntherng, J; Sun, L; Tang, C; Xin, X, 2003)	0.32
" The accumulation of NO2/NO3 in HMEC exposed to increasing concentrations of more intensively oxidized-LDLs showed a nonlinear dose-response curve."	( The effect of lipoproteins on endothelial nitric oxide synthase is modulated by lipoperoxides. Baldi, S; Blandizzi, C; Del Tacca, M; L'Abbate, A; Lubrano, V; Natali, A; Palombo, C; Vassalle, C, 2003)	0.32
" Moreover, the reduction in the cholesterol content of LDL <255 A was directly correlated with the daily dosage of atorvastatin (P=0."	( Effects of atorvastatin on electrophoretic characteristics of LDL particles among subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Bergeron, J; Couture, P; Gagné, C; Hogue, JC; Lamarche, B; Larivière, M; Pirro, M, 2003)	0.32
" Therefore there is no need to adapt atorvastatin dosage in this particular patient population."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its metabolites after single and multiple dosing in hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis patients. Dratwa, M; Lameire, NH; Lins, RL; Matthys, KE; Peeters, PC; Stolear, JC; Verpooten, GA, 2003)	0.32
"Comparing the dose-response of a new drug to that of a previously studied drug can aid in understanding their relative potencies."	( Comparison of the dose-response relationships of 2 lipid-lowering agents: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Berry, DA; Berry, SM; McKellar, J; Pearson, TA, 2003)	0.32
"Combining this study and literature results substantially increased the power to compare the dose-response relationships of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin."	( Comparison of the dose-response relationships of 2 lipid-lowering agents: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Berry, DA; Berry, SM; McKellar, J; Pearson, TA, 2003)	0.32
"Bayesian meta-analysis of results from related studies allows the comparison of the dose-response relationships of 2 drugs, better estimates of a particular dose-response relationship within an individual study, and the expression of relative benefits (of dose and drug) in terms of probabilities."	( Comparison of the dose-response relationships of 2 lipid-lowering agents: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Berry, DA; Berry, SM; McKellar, J; Pearson, TA, 2003)	0.32
"Alternate-day dosing of atorvastatin is an efficacious and safe alternative to daily dosing."	( Efficacy of alternate-day dosing versus daily dosing of atorvastatin. Ahmadi-Kashani, M; Balian, H; Bashir, M; Ebrahimi, R; Jafari, M, 2003)	0.32
" Dosage was increased to 20 mg if LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remained >3."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hyperlipidemia: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Marais, AD; McCrindle, BW; Ose, L, 2003)	0.32
" Strikingly, patient scalp hair exhibits bands of depigmentation and pigmentation that correspond, respectively, to periods of treatment and dosing rest periods."	( Hair depigmentation is a biological readout for pharmacological inhibition of KIT in mice and humans. Cherrington, JM; Laird, AD; Mendel, DB; Moss, KG; Toner, GC, 2003)	0.32
" The mean dose-response relationship has been shown to be log-linear for atorvastatin, but plasma concentrations of atorvastatin acid and its metabolites do not correlate with LDL-cholesterol reduction at a given dose."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Lennernäs, H, 2003)	0.32
" dosing suggests that this agent is not optimal for the treatment of leptomeningeal tumors."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of SU5416 after intravenous administration in nonhuman primates. Aleksic, A; Berg, S; Blaney, S; Dauser, R; McGuffey, L; Renbarger, J, 2004)	0.32
" All these parameters were evaluated in patients after 6 and 12 months of treatment with atorvastatin at a dosage of 20 mg/day."	( Long-term hemostatic effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy with atorvastatin. Frisina, N; Gaudio, A; La Rocca, R; Lasco, A; Morini, E; Pizzoleo, MA; Scamardi, R; Trifiletti, A, )	0.13
" Indeed, an interim analysis demonstrated the efficacy of atorvastatin, at a daily dosage of 10 mg as compared to placebo, in the prevention of major cardiovascular events, so that it appeared unethical to continue the study until the end."	( [Clinical study of the month. Premature interruption of ASCOT and CARDS clinical trials of cardiovascular prevention with atorvastatin in patients with arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus: compromise between ethics and statistics in evidence-based Scheen, AJ, 2003)	0.32
" This compound also displayed in vivo efficacy in an anesthetized canine model of erection when dosed intravenously."	( Structure-activity relationships of N-acyl pyrroloquinolone PDE-5 inhibitors. Bhattacharjee, S; Clancy, J; Craig, E; Fiordeliso, JJ; Haynes-Johnson, D; Jiang, W; John, TM; Kraft, P; Lanter, JC; Macielag, MJ; Qiu, Y; Sui, Z, 2004)	0.32
" The suitability and robustness of the method for in vivo samples were confirmed by analysis of monkey tissues from animals dosed with SU11248."	( Quantitation of SU1 1248, an oral multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and its metabolite in monkey tissues by liquid chromatograph with tandem mass spectrometry following semi-automated liquid-liquid extraction. Barattè, S; Frigerio, E; James, CA; Sarati, S; Ye, C; Zhang, Q, 2004)	0.32
" These results were achieved with atorvastatin 10 mg/day (80 mg/day used in MIRACL), lovastatin 20 to 40 mg/day (caused by dosage titration), pravastatin 40 mg/day, simvastatin 20 to 80 mg/day (caused by dosage titration) or fluvastatin 80 mg/day."	( Atorvastatin: gold standard for prophylaxis of myocardial ischemia and stroke - comparison of the clinical benefit of statins on the basis of randomized controlled endpoint studies. Gathof, BS; Gresser, U, 2004)	0.32
"A 67-year-old man receiving a stable maintenance dosage of warfarin experienced an increased international normalized ratio (INR) without bleeding when his atorvastatin therapy was switched to fluvastatin."	( Oral anticoagulant drug interactions with statins: case report of fluvastatin and review of the literature. Andrus, MR, 2004)	0.32
" The development consisted of physico-chemical assessment, constitution fluid selection, weighing and dosing validation, and stability evaluation of API, before and after constitution with the fluid."	( Powder-in-bottle formulation of SU011248. Enabling rapid progression into human clinical trials. Koparkar, A; Phung, K; Shenoy, N; Sistla, A; Sunga, A, 2004)	0.32
" The negative regulation of pltZ on pyoluteorin biosynthesis was further confirmed by multiplied pltZ gene dosage experiments and pltA'-'lacZ translational fusion analyses."	( Identification and characterization of pltZ, a gene involved in the repression of pyoluteorin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. M18. Ge, Y; Hu, H; Huang, X; Xu, Y; Zhang, X; Zhu, D, 2004)	0.32
" Combination therapy of amlodipine besylate (Norvasc, Pfizer Ltd) with atorvastatin calcium (Lipitor, Pfizer Ltd), marketed as Caduet (Pfizer Ltd) is the first dual-therapy compound designed to treat hypertension and/or angina and dyslipidemia concurrently with a single daily pill in the full range of dosing combinations."	( Amlodipine/atorvastatin: the first cross risk factor polypill for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Frishman, WH; Zuckerman, AL, 2004)	0.32
"5) After a 4-week wash-out period, they were randomized to amlodipine (5 mg) or atorvastatin (20 mg) or their combination at the same oral dosage for 12 weeks in three cross-over periods each separated by a 4-week placebo period (3 by 3 latin square design)."	( Effect of amlodipine-atorvastatin combination on fibrinolysis in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients with insulin resistance. Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Lazzari, P; Mugellini, A; Rinaldi, A; Zoppi, A, 2004)	0.32
" In addition, the dose-response curve for DA concentration-Vte was biphasic, and the maximum stimulation was obtained with 10 micromol l(-1)."	( Modulation of ion uptake across posterior gills of the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus by dopamine and cAMP. Genovese, G; Halperin, J; Luquet, CM; Tresguerres, M, 2004)	0.32
" Instructions for dosage adjustment are seldom provided in the Japanese package inserts."	( A literature search on pharmacokinetic drug interactions of statins and analysis of how such interactions are reflected in package inserts in Japan. Hasegawa, R; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Miyake, S; Saito, M; Urano, T, 2005)	0.33
"On average, AUC(0-12) [area under the whole blood concentration versus time curve in the dosing interval (0-12 h)] of cyclosporine was 5% (-16, 5) (90% confidence interval) lower upon co-administration with atorvastatin."	( Atorvastatin does not affect the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. Asberg, A; Christensen, H; Hartmann, A; Hermann, M; Holdaas, H; Reubsaet, JL, 2005)	0.33
" In contrast to acute administration, a challenge injection of LY379268 after repeated dosing (10 mg/kg x days) did not alter basal NE."	( Comparison of the effects of diazepam, the CRF1 antagonist CP-154,526 and the group II mGlu receptor agonist LY379268 on stress-evoked extracellular norepinephrine levels. Baccei, CS; Bristow, LJ; Correa, LD; Lorrain, DS, 2005)	0.33
" In addition to recommending lifestyle modifications, eight dosage strengths of amlodipine/atorvastatin single pill (5/10, 5/20, 5/40, 5/80, 10/10, 10/20, 10/40, and 10/80 mg) were electively titrated to improve blood pressure and lipid control."	( Single-pill therapy in the treatment of concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia (the amlodipine/atorvastatin gemini study). Blank, R; LaSalle, J; Maroni, J; Reeves, R; Sun, F; Tarasenko, L, 2005)	0.33
" The type and dosage of antihypertensive medications were not altered during statin therapy."	( Statin therapy helps to control blood pressure levels in hypertensive dyslipidemic patients. Akcay, A; Bilgi, M; Bozbas, H; Kanbay, M; Muderrisoglu, H; Ozdemir, FN; Ulus, T; Yildirir, A, 2005)	0.33
" It is advisable to increase the dosage of atorvastatin and preferable to administer it in the evening to guarantee adequate concentrations during the nighttime rapid cholesterol synthesis when rifampin or other potent inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4 are coadministered."	( Rifampin markedly decreases and gemfibrozil increases the plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its metabolites. Backman, JT; Luurila, H; Neuvonen, M; Neuvonen, PJ, 2005)	0.33
" Moreover, it is unclear if the cardiovascular disease history length was similar in the two treatment groups as well as the length and dosage of statin treatment of the about 25% of patients taking statins before the enrollment."	( REVERSAL and PROVE-IT: are clinically oriented trials really better than "pure" scientific studies? Cicero, AF; Gaddi, A, 2005)	0.33
" These changes were dependent upon dosage and were directly proportional to dosage rate."	( Histological and ultrastructural changes in cross-striation muscle cells, under the influence of atorvastatin-reductase HMG-CoA inhibitor. Czerny, K; Jedrych, B; Lańcut, M; Lis-Sochocka, M, 2004)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed fast absorption, a linear dose-response relationship without drug accumulation after multiple doses."	( Phase I and pharmacologic study of PKI166, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Bucana, C; de Heus, G; Dumez, H; Eskens, FA; Fidler, IJ; Hoekstra, R; Planting, AS; Ravera, C; Sizer, KC; Vaidyanathan, S; van der Gaast, A; van Oosterom, AT; Verweij, J, 2005)	0.33
" The current intravenous dosing regimen is not optimal for long-term administration, which is needed for optimal efficacy."	( A phase I study with oral SU5416 in patients with advanced solid tumors: a drug inducing its clearance. Ambrus, K; Herrmann, R; Pless, M; Rochlitz, C; Salzberg, M; Scigalla, P, 2006)	0.33
" Heart weight/body weight ratio and the degree of inflammation were significantly lower in the two dosage statin-treated groups than that in the untreated one."	( Effects of atorvastatin on the Th1/Th2 polarization of ongoing experimental autoimmune myocarditis in Lewis rats. Gao, C; Li, WM; Liu, W; Sun, NL, 2005)	0.33
" Group I-treated with pravastatin, group II--with simvastatin--both drugs in a dosage of 40 mg/kg daily, 5 days/week for a total of 3 weeks."	( Effect of pravastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Bergman, M; Bessler, H; Djaldetti, M; Salman, H, 2006)	0.33
" Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the first priority for treatment, with a statin in adequate dosage as the first choice for pharmacological therapy."	( Reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes: beyond glycemic and blood pressure control. Hobbs, FD, 2006)	0.33
"Pharmacodynamic assessments of lymphocyte activation, function, proliferation and phenotype were performed in three settings: in vitro in whole blood isolated from untransplanted cynomolgus monkeys (cynos), in vivo in blood from untransplanted cynos dosed with CP-690,550 for 8 days, and in vivo in blood from transplanted cynos immunosuppressed with CP-690,550."	( Effects of JAK3 inhibition with CP-690,550 on immune cell populations and their functions in nonhuman primate recipients of kidney allografts. Aalami, O; Borie, DC; Campbell, A; Changelian, PS; Flores, MG; Paniagua, R; Reitz, BA; Rousvoal, G; Si, MS; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.33
" Similar results were observed in animals dosed with CP-690,550."	( Effects of JAK3 inhibition with CP-690,550 on immune cell populations and their functions in nonhuman primate recipients of kidney allografts. Aalami, O; Borie, DC; Campbell, A; Changelian, PS; Flores, MG; Paniagua, R; Reitz, BA; Rousvoal, G; Si, MS; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.33
"9% E-isomer will be dosed to patients and would likely convert to the Z-isomer, following administration."	( Reversible Z-E isomerism and pharmaceutical implications for SU5416. Shenoy, N; Sistla, A, 2005)	0.33
" Dosing was generally tolerated with manageable toxicities."	( Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Baum, CM; Bello, CL; DePrimo, SE; Figlin, RA; George, DJ; Ginsberg, MS; Hudes, GR; Kim, ST; Li, JZ; Michaelson, MD; Motzer, RJ; Redman, BG; Rini, BI; Theuer, CP; Wilding, G, 2006)	0.33
"Correct execution of prescribed dosing regimen(s) is essential for patients to benefit from lipid lowering treatments."	( Effect of intervention through a pharmaceutical care program on patient adherence with prescribed once-daily atorvastatin. Belmans, A; de Klerk, E; Lesaffre, E; Matthys, K; Vrijens, B, 2006)	0.33
"A supportive pharmaceutical care program consisting of review by patient and pharmacist of each patient's electronically compiled dosing history, plus educational reminders, improves patient adherence to the once-daily atorvastatin dosing regimen, mainly by extending persistence."	( Effect of intervention through a pharmaceutical care program on patient adherence with prescribed once-daily atorvastatin. Belmans, A; de Klerk, E; Lesaffre, E; Matthys, K; Vrijens, B, 2006)	0.33
" The observed side effects appear amenable to improvements upon alteration of dosing strategies."	( Combined use of the JAK3 inhibitor CP-690,550 with mycophenolate mofetil to prevent kidney allograft rejection in nonhuman primates. Ball, DJ; Borie, DC; Brissette, WH; Campbell, A; Changelian, PS; Elliott, EA; Flores, MG; Higgins, JP; Kudlacz, EM; Larson, MJ; Reitz, BA; Rousvoal, G; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.33
" Resolution on reduction of dosage or discontinuance and/or change of statin were deemed to constitute confirmation of cause."	( Safety of statins when response is carefully monitored: a study of 336 heart recipients. Aldama-López, G; Campo-Pérez, R; Castro-Beiras, A; Crespo-Leiro, MG; Llinares-García, D; Marzoa-Rivas, R; Muñiz-Garcia, J; Paniagua-Marin, MJ; Piñón-Esteban, P, 2005)	0.33
"We searched Medline, the international medical database, to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy and tolerability of statins in CKD and renal transplant patients and on specific recommendations for dosage adjustments in this population."	( [Statins in patients with kidney failure: efficacy, tolerance, and prescription guidelines in patients with chronic kidney disease and renal transplant]. Deray, G; Isnard-Bagnis, C; Karie, S; Launay-Vacher, V, 2006)	0.33
" Although most statins are not excreted by the kidneys, the dosage of some must be adapted in CKD patients because of pharmacokinetic modifications induced by renal impairment."	( [Statins in patients with kidney failure: efficacy, tolerance, and prescription guidelines in patients with chronic kidney disease and renal transplant]. Deray, G; Isnard-Bagnis, C; Karie, S; Launay-Vacher, V, 2006)	0.33
"Statins have been known to reduce progression of atherosclerosis when used in high dosage in patients with elevated cholesterol."	( Prevention of atherosclerosis progression using atorvastatin in normolipidemic coronary artery disease patients--a controlled randomized trial. Goel, PK; Jain, A; Sharma, MK; Shukla, A, )	0.13
" When the dosage of torcetrapib was doubled (at maximum tolerated dose), HDL increased by over 100%."	( Torcetrapib and atorvastatin: a novel combination therapy for dyslipidemia. Zareba, G, 2006)	0.33
" The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) for ATV also increased significantly after intravenous dosing of ATV with RIF, but the extent was much less than that observed for oral ATV dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its hydroxy metabolites in rats and the effects of concomitant rifampicin single doses: relevance of first-pass effect from hepatic uptake transporters, and intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Benet, LZ; Huang, Y; Lau, YY; Okochi, H, 2006)	0.33
" Comparative studies to assess the therapeutic indices of PQD-A4, PQD-BE, and PQD were conducted in Plasmodium berghei-infected rats following daily intragastric dosing for three consecutive days."	( New potential antimalarial agents: therapeutic-index evaluation of pyrroloquinazolinediamine and its prodrugs in a rat model of severe malaria. Li, Q; Lin, AJ; Skillman, DS; Smith, K; Xie, LH; Zhang, J, 2006)	0.33
" The dose-response information for these metabolic regulators is crucial for designing future experiments."	( Metabolic regulation of in-vitro-produced bovine embryos. I. Effects of metabolic regulators at different glucose concentrations with embryos produced by semen from different bulls. De La Torre-Sanchez, JF; Preis, K; Seidel, GE, 2006)	0.33
"Ezetimibe added to atorvastatin therapy compared with treatment with the most common fixed atorvastatin daily dosage (10 mg) or with common atorvastatin titration strategies (up to 20 mg daily; up to 40 mg daily) resulted in cost per QALY estimates ranging from 25,344 to 44,332 Canadian dollars."	( Cost effectiveness of adding ezetimibe to atorvastatin therapy in patients not at cholesterol treatment goal in Canada. Alemao, E; Attard, C; Bourgault, C; Cook, J; Huse, D; Kohli, M; Lam, A; Marentette, M; Yin, D, 2006)	0.33
" In 3 atorvastatin treated groups mice were fed the same diet as described above except atorvastatin was added to the diet at the dosage of 10 mg/kg per day for the last 8 weeks before euthanasia."	( Atorvastatin has distinct effects on endothelial markers in different mouse models of atherosclerosis. Jamborova, G; Nachtigal, P; Pospechova, K; Pospisilova, N; Semecky, V; Solichova, D; Zdansky, P, 2006)	0.33
" A U-inverted dose-response curve was found with either compound when given subcutaneously (1-100 microg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (0."	( PIP3EA and PD-168077, two selective dopamine D4 receptor agonists, induce penile erection in male rats: site and mechanism of action in the brain. Argiolas, A; Enguehard-Gueiffier, C; Gmeiner, P; Gueiffier, A; Hubner, H; Mascia, MS; Melis, MR; Melis, T; Sanna, F; Succu, S, 2006)	0.33
" Three derivatives showed efficacy in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain when dosed orally to rats."	( 1,5-Biaryl pyrrole derivatives as EP1 receptor antagonists: Structure-activity relationships of 4- and 5-substituted benzoic acid derivatives. Brown, SH; Chessell, IP; Chowdhury, A; Clayton, NM; Coleman, T; Giblin, GM; Hall, A; Hammond, B; Healy, MP; Johnson, MR; Metcalf, A; Michel, AD; Naylor, A; Novelli, R; Spalding, DJ; Sweeting, J, 2007)	0.34
" Further, administration of DMSO could be delayed by up to 4 h after MK-801 dosing and still achieve between 80 and 86% reduction in neuronal loss."	( Antioxidants attenuate MK-801-induced cortical neurotoxicity in the rat. Ray, DE; Willis, CL, 2007)	0.34
"An analysis is made of the effect of alternateday dosing of atorvastatin and standard once-daily dosing, based on mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction from baseline in type 2 diabetics."	( Alternate-day dosing of atorvastatin: effects in treating type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidaemia. Ferrer-García, JC; Herrera-Ballester, A; Martínez-Mir, I; Pérez-Silvestre, J, 2006)	0.33
" In contrast, naproxen nearly completely inhibited COX-1 over the dosing interval."	( A randomized, double-blind, one-week study comparing effects of a novel COX-2 inhibitor and naproxen on the gastric mucosa. Breese, T; Dale, JC; Harris, SI; Lawson, J; McLaughlin, P; Moberly, JB; Riff, DS; Truitt, KE; Wan, Y; Xu, J, 2007)	0.34
"We sought to test the platelet inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of a higher statin dosage compared with combined treatment with ezetimibe plus a low statin dose."	( Treatment with ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin compared with higher-dose atorvastatin alone: is sufficient cholesterol-lowering enough to inhibit platelets? Fischer, S; Jaster, M; Martus, P; Morguet, AJ; Piorkowski, M; Rauch, U; Schultheiss, HP; Stellbaum, C, 2007)	0.34
" Statins were replaced with an equal dosage of fluvastatin."	( Fluvastatin as co-medication in heart transplant recipients with elevated creatine-kinase. Delgado, O; Kaczmarek, I; Meiser, B; Reichart, B; Sadoni, S; Schmöckel, M, 2007)	0.34
"A rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical dosage forms, and for evaluation of its stability in the solid phase."	( Validation of HPLC method for determination of atorvastatin in tablets and for monitoring stability in solid phase. Kania, L; Stanisz, B, )	0.13
" Treatment was started with 40 mg, followed by a dosage increase to 80 mg after 4 weeks."	( Effects of short term atorvastatin treatment on cerebral hemodynamics in CADASIL. Dichgans, M; Freilinger, T; Opherk, C; Peters, N; Pfefferkorn, T, 2007)	0.34
" The dosage was elevated to 800 mg/d."	( Effect of sunitinib on metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report. Camci, C; Kalender, M; Sevinc, A; Sirikci, A; Tutar, E, 2007)	0.34
" Re-treatment at a lower dosage was successful until disease progression."	( [Adverse effects of the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor sunitinib, a new drug for the treatment of advanced renal-cell cancer]. Boven, E; van den Eertwegh, AJ; van der Veldt, AA, 2007)	0.34
" The onset of analgesia (PID >or= 1) for all CS-706 doses occurred within 1 hour after dosing (P<0."	( A randomized, double-blind, celecoxib- and placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of CS-706 in acute postoperative dental pain. Bandy, DP; Daniels, SE; Desjardins, PJ; Lawson, JE; Link, AJ; Moberly, JB; Truitt, KE; Xu, J, 2007)	0.34
" Canadian data on statin dosing were combined with efficacy data from a published meta-analysis to determine the proportion of patients who would be expected to achieve LDL-C targets after treatment with atorvastatin or generic simvastatin."	( A model for assessing the cost-effectiveness of atorvastatin and simvastatin in achieving Canadian low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. Lachaine, J; Merikle, E; Montpetit, M; Rinfret, S; Tarride, JE, 2007)	0.34
"Two simple and accurate methods to determine atorvastatin calcium (ATO) and fenofibrate (FEN) in combined dosage forms were developed using second-derivative spectrophotometry and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC)."	( Estimation of atorvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in tablets by derivative spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography. Bhatt, HS; Bhatt, KK; Nakarani, NV; Patel, RD, )	0.13
"Each drug, administered as a single-agent, demonstrated comparable and moderate effects on tumor growth with approximately 50 % inhibition at the end of the 3-week dosing schedule."	( Supra-additive antitumor effect of sunitinib malate (SU11248, Sutent) combined with docetaxel. A new therapeutic perspective in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Etienne-Grimaldi, MC; Ferrero, JM; Fischel, JL; Formento, P; Guérin, O; Hofman, P; Lo Nigro, C; Merlano, M; Milano, G, 2008)	0.35
" Application of this flexible first dosing strategy in general practice will, based on available evidence, increase adherence to atorvastatin treatment in patients with high CHD risk."	( Efficacy of atorvastatin after LDL-cholesterol-based dose selection in high risk dyslipidaemic patients: results of the target dose study. Claeys, M; Commers, K; Deforce, J; Ducobu, J; Nachtergaele, H; Van Mieghem, W; Vandenbroucke, M, 2007)	0.34
"To investigate the effects of two different dosage of atorvastatin on endothelium protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)."	( [Effects of atorvastatin on endothelium protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. Hu, SJ; Sun, J; Zhang, ZJ, 2007)	0.34
" The results suggest that the effect of hydrophobic statins on the engulfing capacity of human peripheral blood phagocytes and apoptosis is dependent on their dosage and physiochemical properties."	( Hydrophobic but not hydrophilic statins enhance phagocytosis and decrease apoptosis of human peripheral blood cells in vitro. Bergman, M; Bessler, H; Djaldetti, M; Salman, H, 2008)	0.35
" The study was performed in a group of stable coronary patients treated for two years with a moderate dosage of atorvastatin (20mg/day)."	( E-selectin and TFPI are associated with carotid intima-media thickness in stable IHD patients: the baseline findings of the MIAMI study. Amato, M; Arquati, M; Baldassarre, D; Brusoni, B; Camera, M; Cortellaro, M; Fiorentini, C; Montorsi, P; Porta, B; Romano, S; Tremoli, E, 2008)	0.35
" In 2 atorvastatin-treated groups, mice were fed the same diets (chow or atherogenic) as described above except atorvastatin was added at the dosage of 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for the last 8 weeks before euthanasia."	( Endothelial expression of endoglin in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic C57BL/6J mice before and after atorvastatin treatment. Andrys, C; Jamborova, G; Nachtigal, P; Pospechova, K; Pospisilova, N; Semecky, V; Solichova, D; Zdansky, P, 2007)	0.34
" It is not associated with neurological, cognitive or renal adverse effects and does not require dosage adjustment in patients with renal dysfunction, due to its favourable pharmacokinetic profile, which is unique among the statins."	( Atorvastatin: a safety and tolerability profile. Arca, M, 2007)	0.34
" Human studies have established 50 mg daily dosing given on an intermittent schedule as a tolerable dose."	( Sunitinib. Rini, BI, 2007)	0.34
" Estimated GFR improved in both treatment groups but was significantly greater with 80 mg than with 10 mg, suggesting this benefit may be dosage related."	( Effect of intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin on renal function in patients with coronary heart disease: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Bittner, V; Breazna, A; Deedwania, P; Dobson, S; Kastelein, JJ; Shepherd, J; Wenger, NK; Wilson, DJ; Zuckerman, A, 2007)	0.34
" Fifty-six patients were randomized to receive optimal dosage of atorvastatin (n = 27) or 200 mg/d micronized fenofibrate (n = 29) for 24 weeks."	( Comparison of atorvastatin versus fenofibrate in reaching lipid targets and influencing biomarkers of endothelial damage in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Antonini, R; Antonini, TM; Arca, M; Fraioli, A; Letizia, C; Luigi, P; Maddaloni, M; Mastrantoni, M; Montali, A; Pigna, G, 2007)	0.34
" Our objective was to explore how differences in prevalences of use, dosing characteristics, choice of statin and continuity of therapy in individual patients adds new information to previous results."	( Aspects of statin prescribing in Norwegian counties with high, average and low statin consumption - an individual-level prescription database study. Eggen, AE; Engeland, A; Furu, K; Hartz, I; Njølstad, I; Sakshaug, S; Skurtveit, S, 2007)	0.34
" Forty one patients remained throughout the study and had their weekly dosage reduced."	( Efficacy of atorvastatin when not administered daily. Ghattas, AE; Pimenta, J, 2007)	0.34
" If the target cholesterol levels has not been achieved 6 weeks after the treatment, then the daily atorvastatin dosage has been increased."	( The effects of atorvastatin therapy on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Baskurt, M; Cakar, MA; Coskun, U; Guzelsoy, D; Okcun, B; Yildiz, A, 2007)	0.34
" Eight dosage strengths of single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin were flexibly titrated."	( Improved attainment of blood pressure and cholesterol goals using single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin in African Americans: the CAPABLE trial. Bruschi, P; Ferdinand, KC; Flack, JM; Jamieson, MJ; Saunders, E; Shi, H; Tarasenko, L; Victor, R; Watson, K, 2008)	0.35
" The proposed method can be useful in the quality control of bulk manufacturing and pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and ezetimibe from their combination drug products. Chaudhari, BG; Patel, LJ; Patel, NM; Patel, VP; Shah, PB, )	0.13
" Animals dosed with CP-690550 (15 mg/kg/d) during the period of antigen sensitization and boost demonstrated marked reductions in BAL eosinophils and levels of IL-13 and eotaxin following ovalbumin aerosol exposure."	( The JAK-3 inhibitor CP-690550 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in a murine model of pulmonary eosinophilia. Andresen, C; Changelian, P; Conklyn, M; Kudlacz, E; Whitney-Pickett, C, 2008)	0.35
" The control group of animals (n=8) was fed with the western type diet (atherogenic diet) and in other two groups atorvastatin was added to the atherogenic diet at the dosage of either 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg per day for a period of 2 months."	( Atorvastatin has hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects in apoE/LDL receptor-double-knockout mice. Andrys, C; Jamborova, G; Micuda, S; Nachtigal, P; Pospechova, K; Pospisilova, N; Semecky, V; Solichova, D; Zdansky, P, 2008)	0.35
"Flexible initial dosing and early aggressive titration of atorvastatin according to LDL-C levels is an efficient and safe strategy for achieving the target level and for improving endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes."	( Flexible initial dosing of atorvastatin based upon initial low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetic patients. , 2008)	0.35
" Unlike conventional and distamycin-based alkylators, little or no cytotoxicities and animal toxicities were observed in mg/kg dosage ranges."	( Small molecules targeting histone H4 as potential therapeutics for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Alvarez, D; Chou, CJ; Dervan, PB; Farkas, ME; Gottesfeld, JM; Tsai, SM, 2008)	0.35
"The physical-chemical properties of interest for controlled release (CR) dosage form development presented are based on the author's experience."	( Preformulation considerations for controlled release dosage forms. Part I. Selecting candidates. Chrzanowski, F, 2008)	0.35
" We identified novel DAO inhibitors, in particular, acid 1, which demonstrated moderate potency for DAO in vitro and ex vivo, and raised plasma d-serine levels after dosing ip to rats."	( The discovery of fused pyrrole carboxylic acids as novel, potent D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) inhibitors. Abeywickrema, P; Almond, S; Brandon, N; Byrne, N; Campbell, A; Hutson, PH; Jacobson, M; Jones, B; Munshi, S; Pascarella, D; Pike, A; Prasad, GS; Sachs, N; Sakatis, M; Sardana, V; Sparey, T; Venkatraman, S; Young, MB, 2008)	0.35
" There was also evidence of a dose-response relationship between CRP reductions from baseline and rosuvastatin."	( Models for the analysis of C-reactive protein in statin trials. Dane, A; Southworth, H, )	0.13
" Following subcutaneous dosing in rat, JNJ-7925476 was rapidly absorbed into the plasma, and drug concentrations in the brain tracked with those in the plasma but were 7-fold higher."	( In-vitro and in-vivo characterization of JNJ-7925476, a novel triple monoamine uptake inhibitor. Aluisio, L; Barbier, AJ; Boggs, J; Bonaventure, P; Carruthers, NI; Dvorak, LK; Fraser, IC; Letavic, MA; Lord, B; Lovenberg, TW; Maryanoff, BE; Wilson, SJ, 2008)	0.35
" After this trial was completed, a subsequent sequential cohort of 47 previously treated NSCLC patients were treated on a continuous dosing schedule of sunitinib at 37."	( The current status and evolving role of sunitinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Socinski, MA, 2008)	0.35
"The set of models developed permitted compilation of multiple dose-response curves for dose selection of CS-706 in Westerners and facilitated scaling of doses to a Japanese population."	( Pain relief model for a COX-2 inhibitor in patients with postoperative dental pain. Kastrissios, H; Moberly, JB; Rohatagi, S; Salazar, DE; Sasahara, K; Truitt, K; Wada, R, 2008)	0.35
"5microM, which is significantly lower than the 2microM dosage concentration."	( Quantitating the concentration of Py-Im polyamide-fluorescein conjugates in live cells. Dervan, PB; Hsu, CF, 2008)	0.35
" At the end of the 3-week dosing schedule, single-agent treatment induced a tumor regression of 59%, 49% and 75% for sunitinib, docetaxel 10mg/kg, and docetaxel 30 mg/kg, respectively."	( Sunitinib malate (SU-11248) alone or in combination with low-dose docetaxel inhibits the growth of DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. Cumashi, A; Iacobelli, S; Lattanzio, R; Natoli, C; Piantelli, M; Rossi, C; Tinari, N, 2008)	0.35
"A number of analytical methods were reported for the estimation of atorvastatin and ramipril from their individual dosage forms or in combination with other drugs (Valiyare, 2004; Vachareau and Neirinck, 2000)."	( Simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin and ramipril by RP-HPLC and spectroscopy. George, M; Joseph, L; Rao B, VR, 2008)	0.35
" They were assigned to receive a daily dosage of atorvastatin based on their initial LDL-C levels."	( Efficacy of atorvastatin for achieving cholesterol targets after LDL-cholesterol based dose selection in patients with type 2 diabetes. Albalat-Galera, R; Berzosa-Sanchez, M; Ferrer-García, JC; Herrera-Ballester, A; Sanchez-Ballester, E, 2008)	0.35
" The dose-response effect of atorvastatin on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress has not been investigated in subjects with MS."	( Comparison effect of atorvastatin (10 versus 80 mg) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Devaraj, S; Jialal, I; Siegel, D; Singh, U, 2008)	0.35
" The risk may vary with tumor type and the dosing schedule of sunitinib."	( Risk of hypertension and renal dysfunction with an angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: systematic review and meta-analysis. Stergiopoulos, K; Wu, S; Zhu, X, 2009)	0.35
"Eligible patients had a 6-month period of no statin use prior to the initial statin prescription, an initial statin dosage of either 20 or 40 mg of simvastatin or 10 or 20 mg of atorvastatin (the most commonly used doses of both drugs), a 0 to 3-month 'qualifying period' after the first prescription to allow for varying minimum lengths of statin use, and no statin switches."	( Differences in cardiovascular event rates between atorvastatin and simvastatin among new users: managed-care experience. Vogel, RA; Willke, RJ; Zhou, S, 2008)	0.35
" Eight dosage strengths of single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin (5/10, 10/10, 5/20, 10/20, 5/40, 10/40, 5/80 and 10/80 mg) were titrated to improve blood pressure and lipid control."	( Single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin helps patients of diverse ethnicity attain recommended goals for blood pressure and lipids (the Gemini-AALA study). Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Chaves, H; Chopra, P; Erdine, S; Guindy, R; Howes, LG; Moller, RA; Ro, YM; Schou, IM; Tse, HF, 2009)	0.35
" The results indicated that the bilayer tablets could be a potential dosage form for delivering AT and NA."	( Bilayer tablets of atorvastatin calcium and nicotinic acid: formulation and evaluation. Godwinkumar, S; Muralidharan, S; Nagarajan, M; Nirmal, J; Peddanna, C; Saisivam, S, 2008)	0.35
" To position the PMRP database for large-scale pharmacogenetic association studies in the context of lipid-lowering therapy, we constructed an electronic phenotyping algorithm to quantify exposure and dose-response for atorvastatin, the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering agent within this population."	( Characterization of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering efficacy for atorvastatin in a population-based DNA biorepository. Berg, RL; Krauss, RM; Linneman, JG; McCarty, CA; Wilke, RA; Zhao, C, 2008)	0.35
"The impact of the 2 ezetimibe dosing strategies on percent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and achievement of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) goals was assessed in all patients prescribed ezetimibe 5 or 10 mg."	( Ezetimibe 5 and 10 mg for lowering LDL-C: potential billion-dollar savings with improved tolerability. Agarwal, S; Baruch, L; Eng, C; Gupta, B; Lieberman-Blum, SS, 2008)	0.35
" Subsequently, simulations were utilized to design a multiple ascending dose study with adaptive dosing regimens that would meet targeted pharmacodynamic (PD) response thresholds (eg, minimum 40% reduction in lymphocytes) while maintaining CD4 counts above a reasonable safety threshold."	( Use of an exposure-response model to aid early drug development of an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator. Carrothers, TJ; Inaba, S; Moberly, JB; Rohatagi, S; Shimozato, T; Truitt, KE; Zahir, H, 2009)	0.35
" Compound 20l inhibited eosinophil infiltration into bronchial alveolar lavage fluid in a murine asthma model by oral dosing and its efficacy was comparable to anti-mouse alpha4 antibody (R1-2)."	( Identification of 4-[1-[3-chloro-4-[N'-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)ureido]phenylacetyl]-(4S)-fluoro-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]benzoic acid as a potent, orally active VLA-4 antagonist. Chiba, J; Iigou, Y; Iimura, S; Machinaga, N; Muro, F; Nakayama, A; Setoguchi, M; Takashi, T; Takayama, G; Watanabe, T; Yokoyama, M; Yoneda, Y, 2008)	0.35
" Rats and monkeys received sunitinib (0-15 and 0-20 mg/kg/day, respectively) orally on a consecutive daily dosing schedule for thirteen weeks or on an intermittent daily dosing schedule for up to nine months."	( Nonclinical safety evaluation of sunitinib: a potent inhibitor of VEGF, PDGF, KIT, FLT3, and RET receptors. Arrigoni, C; Denlinger, R; Evering, W; Heward, JK; Kim, TW; Patyna, S; Terron, A; Turnquist, SE; Vonderfecht, SL, 2008)	0.35
" Patients were excluded if the dosage of their antidiabetic drugs was changed, if their drug therapy was altered within 3 months before starting statin therapy, or if events occurred that could affect glycemic control such as hospitalization."	( Influence of pitavastatin on glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kadonosono, K; Takano, T; Tanaka, S; Terauchi, Y; Yamakawa, T, 2008)	0.35
"The primary determinants of drug interaction were the ln-transformed area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUCtau) and maximum measured steady-state plasma concentration (C(max,ss)) over the final 24 h dosing interval (day 14) for atorvastatin and 2-hydroxyatorvastatin."	( Effect of omega-3-acid ethyl esters on steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy adults. Di Spirito, M; Doyle, RT; Johnson, J; McKenney, J; Morelli, G, 2008)	0.35
" Tissue-selective activity was maintained when LGD-3303 was dosed orally or by continuous infusion, two routes of administration with markedly different time versus exposure profiles."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LGD-3303 [9-chloro-2-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-pyrrolo-[3,2-f]quinolin-7(6H)-one], an orally available nonsteroidal-selective androgen receptor modulator. Chang, WY; Chen, Y; Hill, R; Lee, KJ; Lee, YH; López, FJ; Meglasson, MD; O'Brien, Z; Rix, P; Vajda, EG, 2009)	0.35
" The drug was given as monotherapy for 10 days, and after a 6-day run-in period with atorvastatin 80 mg/day, the same dosage of atorvastatin was continued with the respective thienopyridine for 10 days."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel and clopidogrel in healthy subjects. Brandt, JT; Ernest, CS; Farid, NA; Jakubowski, JA; Konkoy, CS; Li, YG; Payne, CD; Salazar, DE; Small, DS; Winters, KJ, 2008)	0.35
"Blood samples were collected before and at various time points after dosing on days 1 and 11 for determination of plasma concentrations of metabolites and for measurement of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate 20 microM and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel and clopidogrel in healthy subjects. Brandt, JT; Ernest, CS; Farid, NA; Jakubowski, JA; Konkoy, CS; Li, YG; Payne, CD; Salazar, DE; Small, DS; Winters, KJ, 2008)	0.35
" The lack of a clinically meaningful effect of high-dose atorvastatin on the pharmacodynamic response to prasugrel after the loading or maintenance dose indicates that no dosage adjustment should be necessary in patients receiving these drugs concomitantly."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel and clopidogrel in healthy subjects. Brandt, JT; Ernest, CS; Farid, NA; Jakubowski, JA; Konkoy, CS; Li, YG; Payne, CD; Salazar, DE; Small, DS; Winters, KJ, 2008)	0.35
"Alternate-day dosing of atorvastatin causes a significant lipid-lowering and antiinflammatory effects similar to that of daily administration and yet may provide some cost savings."	( The comparison of the effects of standard 20 mg atorvastatin daily and 20 mg atorvastatin every other day on serum LDL-cholesterol and high sensitive C-reactive protein levels. Akar Bayram, N; Aydoğdu, S; Canbay, A; Diker, E; Durmaz, T; Kayhan, T; Keleş, T; Ozdemir, O; Sahin, D, 2008)	0.35
"022) compared with no treatment, and there was an apparent dose-response effect with the lowest levels of total testosterone seen in men treated with >or=20 mg atorvastatin (9."	( Statin therapy is associated with lower total but not bioavailable or free testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. Channer, KS; Jones, TH; Kapoor, D; Stanworth, RD, 2009)	0.35
" Alternative clinical dosing strategies are being evaluated."	( Phase I study of sequence-selective minor groove DNA binding agent SJG-136 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Begent, RH; Clingen, PH; Cobb, M; Gumbrell, L; Hartley, JA; Hochhauser, D; Jodrell, D; Loadman, P; Meyer, T; Spanswick, VJ; Wu, J, 2009)	0.35
"To assess the antitumour activity, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous daily sunitinib dosing in patients with imatinib-resistant/intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and to assess morning dosing versus evening dosing."	( Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Blay, JY; Casali, PG; Cohen, DP; Demetri, GD; Deprimo, SE; George, S; Harmon, CS; Law, CN; Le Cesne, A; Morgan, JA; Ray-Coquard, I; Stephenson, P; Tassell, V, 2009)	0.35
"In this open-label phase II study, patients were randomised to receive morning or evening dosing of sunitinib 37."	( Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Blay, JY; Casali, PG; Cohen, DP; Demetri, GD; Deprimo, SE; George, S; Harmon, CS; Law, CN; Le Cesne, A; Morgan, JA; Ray-Coquard, I; Stephenson, P; Tassell, V, 2009)	0.35
"Sixty of 61 planned patients received treatment (30 per dosing group); 26 completed the study."	( Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Blay, JY; Casali, PG; Cohen, DP; Demetri, GD; Deprimo, SE; George, S; Harmon, CS; Law, CN; Le Cesne, A; Morgan, JA; Ray-Coquard, I; Stephenson, P; Tassell, V, 2009)	0.35
"For patients with imatinib-resistant/intolerant GIST, continuous daily sunitinib dosing appears to be an active alternative dosing strategy with acceptable safety."	( Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Blay, JY; Casali, PG; Cohen, DP; Demetri, GD; Deprimo, SE; George, S; Harmon, CS; Law, CN; Le Cesne, A; Morgan, JA; Ray-Coquard, I; Stephenson, P; Tassell, V, 2009)	0.35
" The safety and efficacy, and optimal dosing and timing of starting replacement therapy in patients affected by TKI-related hypothyroidism need accurate appraisal and should be evaluated prospectively in appropriately designed trials."	( Hypothyroidism related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an emerging toxic effect of targeted therapy. Barnabei, A; Corsello, SM; Gasparini, G; Longo, R; Torino, F, 2009)	0.35
"PURPOSE To evaluate the potential benefit of continuous daily dosing sunitinib in patients with advanced nongastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) sarcomas."	( Multicenter phase II trial of sunitinib in the treatment of nongastrointestinal stromal tumor sarcomas. Akhurst, T; Bhuchar, G; Butrynski, JE; D'Adamo, DR; Demetri, GD; George, S; Harmon, DC; Keohan, ML; Maki, RG; Merriam, P; Morgan, J; O'Mara, MM; Schwartz, GK; Van den Abbeele, AD; Wagner, AJ; Yap, JT, 2009)	0.35
" Dosing for Phase 1 was initiated on day 5 post tumor inoculations with Vehicle(Group 1), sunitinib (25 mg/kg/day; Group 2) and sunitinib plus PF-562,271 combination (15 mg/kg/day; Group 3)."	( Sunitinib and PF-562,271 (FAK/Pyk2 inhibitor) effectively block growth and recovery of human hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat xenograft model. Andresen, CJ; Bagi, CM; Christensen, J; Cohen, DP; Roberts, WG; Swanson, T; Tuthill, T; Wilkie, D, 2009)	0.35
"Seven hundred fifty treatment-naïve patients with metastatic clear cell RCC were randomly assigned to sunitinib 50 mg orally once daily on a 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off dosing schedule or to IFN-alpha 9 MU subcutaneously thrice weekly."	( Overall survival and updated results for sunitinib compared with interferon alfa in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Bjarnason, GA; Bukowski, RM; Chen, I; Figlin, RA; Garcia-del-Muro, X; Huang, X; Hutson, TE; Kim, ST; Michaelson, MD; Motzer, RJ; Negrier, S; Oudard, S; Pili, R; Solska, E; Sosman, JA; Szczylik, C; Thompson, JA; Tomczak, P; Wilding, G, 2009)	0.35
" This was further confirmed by multiple pqsR gene dosage experiments, lacZ fusion reporter analysis, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR."	( LysR family transcriptional regulator PqsR as repressor of pyoluteorin biosynthesis and activator of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. M18. Huang, X; Jiang, H; Li, K; Li, S; Lu, J; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Zhang, M, 2009)	0.35
" Twenty-two patients (15 without nephropathy and seven with nephropathy) received atorvastatin in individually adjusted oral dosage (range 10-20 mg) once per day for 12 weeks."	( Modulating effect of atorvastatin on paraoxonase 1 activity in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients with or without nephropathy. Abdin, AA; El-Noeman, Sel-D; Hassanien, MA; Ibrahim, EA, )	0.13
"The effects of demographic and clinical covariates on the apparent clearance (CL/F) of orally administered atorvastatin, with chronic dosing in a patient population that included the elderly, were studied in 143 patients (atorvastatin: 34 +/- 26 mg/day, mean +/- SD; men (n = 64), age 64."	( Population analyses of atorvastatin clearance in patients living in the community and in nursing homes. Schwartz, JB; Verotta, D, 2009)	0.35
" A dose of 10 mg of atorvastatin daily to target LDL-C goal was taken as the standard dosage targeting goal (SDTG)."	( [The statin dosage for achieving goal of cholesterol-lowering based on risk stratification in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]. Fu, YG; Guo, YD; Tan, ZF; Wang, TG; Xu, AD; Yang, WY, 2009)	0.35
" The amplitude of LDL-C lowering was 32% - 35%, 46% - 49%, 51% - 52% and 60% - 65% with corresponding to daily dosage of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg atorvastatin."	( [The statin dosage for achieving goal of cholesterol-lowering based on risk stratification in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]. Fu, YG; Guo, YD; Tan, ZF; Wang, TG; Xu, AD; Yang, WY, 2009)	0.35
" Herein, we report results of an open-label, multicenter phase II mRCC study of sunitinib administered on a continuous once-daily dosing regimen."	( Phase II study of sunitinib administered in a continuous once-daily dosing regimen in patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Chen, I; Escudier, B; Flodgren, P; Fountzilas, G; Gillessen, S; Harmenberg, U; Maneval, EC; Mulder, SF; Peschel, C; Roigas, J; Srinivas, S; Vogelzang, NJ, 2009)	0.35
"5 mg, administered on a continuous once-daily dosing regimen, has a manageable safety profile as second-line mRCC therapy, providing flexible dosing, which can be explored in combination studies."	( Phase II study of sunitinib administered in a continuous once-daily dosing regimen in patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Chen, I; Escudier, B; Flodgren, P; Fountzilas, G; Gillessen, S; Harmenberg, U; Maneval, EC; Mulder, SF; Peschel, C; Roigas, J; Srinivas, S; Vogelzang, NJ, 2009)	0.35
" Sunitinib demonstrates a high level of efficacy with acceptable tolerability using either the 50 mg daily oral dosing for 4 weeks every 6 weeks or a continuous daily administration schedule at a lower dose."	( Benefit-risk assessment of sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours and renal cancer. Dreyer, C; Faivre, S; Raymond, E; Theou-Anton, N, 2009)	0.35
" Alternative dosing strategies are now being evaluated."	( A phase I trial of SJG-136 (NSC#694501) in advanced solid tumors. Azzoli, CG; Calcutt, MW; Janjigian, YY; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; Lee, W; Miller, VA; Rizvi, NA; Senturk, E, 2010)	0.36
" The dose-response relationship for atorvastatin in elderly patients with unstable angina (UA) during early hospitalization in terms of lowering inflammatory factors, improving vascular endothelium function and safety is unclear."	( Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin during early hospitalization in elderly patients with unstable angina. Ge, ZM; Geng, J; Kang, WQ; Wang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Z, 2009)	0.35
"The efficacy and tolerability of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib malate, have been demonstrated in phase I-III clinical trials of patients with imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) as well as in a worldwide expanded-access study and in a continuous daily dosing (CDD) trial."	( Pharmacological management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: an update on the role of sunitinib. Blay, JY, 2010)	0.36
" A dosage of 10 mg/kg per day caused mild changes in Gd uptake and clearance kinetics in kidney tumors."	( Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of vascular changes induced by sunitinib in papillary renal cell carcinoma xenograft tumors. Abrams, J; Al-Bashir, AK; Haacke, EM; Hillman, GG; Katkuri, Y; Li, M; Patel, AD; Singh-Gupta, V; Yunker, CK; Zhang, H, 2009)	0.35
"48 mM (estimated as Fe concentration) in ex vivo experiments corresponding to an in vivo dosage of 215-287 micromol/kg body weight, whereas a USPIO dose of 287 micromol/kg leads to higher cerebral BV estimate in vivo than the reported values."	( Estimation of tumor microvessel density by MRI using a blood pool contrast agent. Chandramouli, GV; Hyodo, F; Krishna, MC; Matsumoto, K; Matsumoto, S; Mitchell, JB; Munasinghe, JP, 2009)	0.35
"To establish a recommended sunitinib dosing schedule in Japanese patients with imatinib-resistant/intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and to evaluate the efficacy, safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of sunitinib using this schedule."	( Phase I/II study of sunitinib malate in Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor after failure of prior treatment with imatinib mesylate. Doi, T; Komatsu, Y; Li, Y; Muro, K; Nishida, T; Ohtsu, A; Shirao, K; Ueda, E, 2010)	0.36
" Moreover, nonsignificant interactions between dosage and duration of therapy were found."	( Pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on monocytes in atherosclerotic patients. Deng, JT; Hu, XY; Li, L; Liu, XL; Shang, YY; Wang, ZH; Zhang, LP; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M, 2010)	0.36
" Close monitoring for toxicity and dosage manipulations might be required if such therapy is attempted."	( Tolerance of sunitinib in dialyzed patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eigl, BJ; Hemmelgarn, B; Heng, DY; Vickers, MM, 2009)	0.35
"We examined the activity of sunitinib on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule in an open-label, multicentre phase II study in patients with previously treated, advanced NSCLC."	( Phase II study of continuous daily sunitinib dosing in patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Atkins, J; Brahmer, J; Burgess, R; Chao, R; Govindan, R; Novello, S; Pallares, C; Rosell, R; Scagliotti, GV; Selaru, P; Socinski, MA; Tye, L; Wang, E, 2009)	0.35
" After topical dosing to the eye in a steroid induced mouse model of ocular hypertension, the compounds reduce intraocular pressure to baseline levels."	( Novel class of LIM-kinase 2 inhibitors for the treatment of ocular hypertension and associated glaucoma. Allen, J; Almstead, ZY; Courtney, LF; Crist, M; Crosson, CE; Gardyan, M; Gopinathan, S; Gu, KJ; Hamman, BD; Harrison, BA; Key, B; Kimball, SD; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Mabon, R; McKnight, B; Patel, N; Rawlins, DB; Rice, DS; Voronkov, MV; Whitlock, NA; Wilson, AG; Yates, PW; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2009)	0.35
" The relatively long half-life of sunitinib and its major metabolite allow for a once-daily dosing schedule."	( Sunitinib: a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the era of molecular cancer therapies. Papaetis, GS; Syrigos, KN, 2009)	0.35
" In light of the important role of NK cells in antitumor immunity, and because multiple approaches presently aim to combine PKI treatment with immunotherapeutic strategies, our data demonstrate that choice and dosing of the most suitable PKI in cancer treatment requires careful consideration."	( The kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib differentially affect NK cell antitumor reactivity in vitro. Baessler, T; Kampa, KM; Krusch, M; Mayer, F; Salih, HR; Salih, J; Schlicke, M, 2009)	0.35
"5 mg/day as tolerated) on a continuous daily dosing schedule and paclitaxel 90 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle."	( An exploratory study of sunitinib plus paclitaxel as first-line treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer. Cataruozolo, PE; Chuang, E; Collier, M; Gowland, PA; Huang, X; Kern, KA; Kozloff, M; Miller, K; Starr, A; Verkh, L, 2010)	0.36
" ATN Ca unit dosage form was developed and evaluated for physico-chemical properties, stability, and dissolution rate."	( Solubility and stability enhancement of atorvastatin by cyclodextrin complexation. Palem, CR; Patel, S; Pokharkar, VB, )	0.13
" Control experiments indicated that the morphology and the thickness of PPy shell were controllable by adjusting the dosage of pyrrole monomer."	( Improvement of the stability of colloidal gold superparticles by polypyrrole modification. Li, J; Wu, J; Yang, B; Yao, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, X, 2010)	0.36
" In phase I studies, using intermittent dosing schedules, oral administration of doses up to 50 mg/day were reasonably well tolerated and resulted in plasma concentrations in the range of targeted levels needed for sustained kinase inhibition."	( Understanding the molecular-based mechanism of action of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor: sunitinib. Guillén-Ponce, C; Mena, AC; Pulido, EG, 2010)	0.36
" When rapamycin dosing schedules were compared in A/J Tsc2+/- cohorts, we observed a 66% reduction in kidney tumor burden in mice treated daily for 4 weeks, an 82% reduction in mice treated daily for 4 weeks followed by weekly for 8 weeks, and an 81% reduction in mice treated weekly for 12 weeks."	( Comparison of three rapamycin dosing schedules in A/J Tsc2+/- mice and improved survival with angiogenesis inhibitor or asparaginase treatment in mice with subcutaneous tuberous sclerosis related tumors. Dabora, SL; Nobil, A; Woodrum, C, 2010)	0.36
" The rapamycin dosing comparison study indicates that the duration of rapamycin treatment is more important than dose intensity."	( Comparison of three rapamycin dosing schedules in A/J Tsc2+/- mice and improved survival with angiogenesis inhibitor or asparaginase treatment in mice with subcutaneous tuberous sclerosis related tumors. Dabora, SL; Nobil, A; Woodrum, C, 2010)	0.36
"The CANadians Achieve Cholesterol Targets Fast with Atorvastatin Stratified Titration (CanACTFAST) trial tested whether an algorithm-based statin dosing approach would enable patients to achieve LDL-C and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio targets quickly."	( Achieving cholesterol targets by individualizing starting doses of statin according to baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease risk category: the CANadians Achieve Cholesterol Targets Fast with Atorvastatin Stratified Titr Calciu, CD; Langer, A; Leiter, LA; Rabkin, SW; Ur, E, 2010)	0.36
"Algorithm-based statin dosing enables patients to achieve LDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratio targets quickly, with either no titration or a single titration."	( Achieving cholesterol targets by individualizing starting doses of statin according to baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease risk category: the CANadians Achieve Cholesterol Targets Fast with Atorvastatin Stratified Titr Calciu, CD; Langer, A; Leiter, LA; Rabkin, SW; Ur, E, 2010)	0.36
" Because TSU-16 is metabolized mainly by CYP1A2, its increased clearance after repeated dosing may be attributed to the enhanced expression of hepatic CYP1A2."	( TSU-16, (Z)-3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenyl]-2-indolinone, is a potent activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and increases CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression in human hepatocytes. Matsuoka-Kawano, K; Nagayama, S; Yamazoe, Y; Yoshinari, K, 2010)	0.36
"5 or 50mg/day intermittently (Schedule 2/1: 2 weeks on treatment, 1 week off treatment) or 25mg continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule with intravenous infusions of gemcitabine (1000 or 1250 mg/m(2) days 1, 8) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) day 1)."	( Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I dose-escalation study. Cedres, S; Chao, R; Felip, E; Frickhofen, N; Fuhr, HG; Gatzemeier, U; Heigener, D; Lanzalone, S; Reck, M; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Stephenson, P; Thall, A, 2010)	0.36
" This is the first trial describing the clinical effects of continuous dosing of SU in HCC patients on a schedule that is used in an ongoing, randomized, phase III trial in comparison with the current treatment standard, sorafenib (ClinicalTrials."	( Continuous Sunitinib treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) and Swiss Association for the Study of the Liver (SASL) multicenter phase II trial (SAKK 77/06). Bodoky, G; Borner, M; Hess, V; Inauen, R; Koeberle, D; Kovàcs, K; Lerch, S; Limacher, A; Majno, P; Montemurro, M; Roth, A; Saletti, P; Samaras, P; Simcock, M, 2010)	0.36
" Patients switched to an equivalent simvastatin dose had lower LDL-C levels and were more likely to achieve LDL-C targets than patients switched to a non-equivalent dose, suggesting physicians must consider dosage equivalence when switching statins, and should measure LDL-C and titrate statins as necessary to achieve LDL-C control."	( LDL-C goal attainment in patients who remain on atorvastatin or switch to equivalent or non-equivalent doses of simvastatin: a retrospective matched cohort study in clinical practice. Burke, JP; Rublee, DA, 2010)	0.36
" In conclusion, commercial ATC samples exhibited diverse solid state behavior that can impact the performance and stability of the dosage forms."	( Solid state characterization of commercial crystalline and amorphous atorvastatin calcium samples. Bansal, AK; Kumar, L; Puri, V; Shete, G, 2010)	0.36
" Analysis by quantitative real-time PCR of the signature in skin biopsies of patients treated at three different doses showed significant transcriptional downregulation with a dose-response correlation."	( Transcriptional analysis of an E2F gene signature as a biomarker of activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor PHA-793887 in tumor and skin biopsies from a phase I clinical study. Bertolotti, M; Bosotti, R; Brasca, MG; Calogero, R; Ciomei, M; De Baere, T; Fiorentini, F; Galvani, A; Isacchi, A; Lazar, V; Locatelli, G; Mercurio, C; Pesenti, E; Scaburri, A; Scacheri, E; Soria, JC, 2010)	0.36
"Fifty-four patients with CAD who had received atorvastatin treatment for at least 8 weeks (mean dosage 30 mg/day) and 54 patients with CAD who had not received atorvastatin therapy were selected from a larger prospective, randomized, double-blind study for inclusion in this post hoc analysis."	( Effect of atorvastatin on haemostasis, fibrinolysis and inflammation in normocholesterolaemic patients with coronary artery disease: a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Borggrefe, M; Dempfle, CE; Hoffmeister, HM; Lang, S; Suselbeck, T; Swoboda, S; Szabo, S; Walter, T, 2010)	0.36
" For these studies, animals were dosed with CP-154,526 (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) and NBI 27914 (1-30 mg/kg) 1 h prior to the assessment of tactile, thermal or mechanical hypersensitivity, respectively."	( Pain is a salient "stressor" that is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptors. Cummons, T; Harrison, JE; Hummel, M; Kennedy, JD; Lu, P; Mark, L; Whiteside, GT, 2010)	0.36
" CsA inhibition ranged from 28 to 77% within a dosing interval, whereas it was less than 1% for Tac, considering free concentrations and assuming competitive inhibition."	( Cyclosporine A, but not tacrolimus, shows relevant inhibition of organic anion-transporting protein 1B1-mediated transport of atorvastatin. Amundsen, R; Asberg, A; Christensen, H; Zabihyan, B, 2010)	0.36
"The existing data suggest that atorvastatin is generally well tolerated across the range of its therapeutic dosage (10 - 80 mg/day)."	( Atorvastatin: safety and tolerability. Athyros, VG; Karagiannis, A; Mikhailidis, DP; Tziomalos, K, 2010)	0.36
" Furthermore, the following trends of interest were calculated for each calendar year: the percentage of statin users prescribed simvastatin or atorvastatin, the median dose of simvastatin and atorvastatin prescribed, and the percentage of simvastatin users prescribed a dosage of 40 mg/day (which is recommended by the Dutch multidisciplinary guideline)."	( Statin prescribing in the elderly in the Netherlands: a pharmacy database time trend study. Geleedst-De Vooght, M; Jansen, P; Maitland-van der Zee, AH; Mantel-Teeuwisse, A; Schalekamp, T, 2010)	0.36
" A protocol amendment to the sunitinib dosing schedule was made because 53% (17/32) of patients treated at a starting dose of 50 mg (4 weeks on/2 weeks off) required dose reduction."	( Multicenter phase II randomized trial evaluating antiangiogenic therapy with sunitinib as consolidation after objective response to taxane chemotherapy in women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Canon, JL; De Greve, J; Focan, C; Fontaine, C; Martens, M; Paridaens, R; Squifflet, P; Vuylsteke, P; Wildiers, H; Wynendaele, W, 2010)	0.36
"5 mg daily dosing in the second stage of accrual."	( A phase II study of sunitinib in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma: an NCIC Clinical Trials Group Study. Biagi, JJ; Chalchal, HI; Eisenhauer, EA; Ellard, SL; Grimshaw, R; Hirte, H; Ivy, SP; Lee, U; Oza, AM; Sederias, J, 2011)	0.37
"Two crossover studies were performed in healthy subjects: a two-period study of dalcetrapib 900 mg concurrently with atorvastatin (concurrent dosing study) and a three-period study of dalcetrapib 600 mg (dose chosen for Phase III) with atorvastatin concurrently or serially 4 h after dalcetrapib (interval dosing study)."	( No clinically relevant drug-drug interactions when dalcetrapib is co-administered with atorvastatin. Abt, M; Derks, M; Meneses-Lorente, G; Parr, G; Phelan, M; Young, AM, 2010)	0.36
" In the interval study (n = 52), serial and concurrent co-administration of atorvastatin resulted in similar reductions in dalcetrapib exposure that were comparable to those observed in the concurrent dosing study."	( No clinically relevant drug-drug interactions when dalcetrapib is co-administered with atorvastatin. Abt, M; Derks, M; Meneses-Lorente, G; Parr, G; Phelan, M; Young, AM, 2010)	0.36
"Two spectrophotometric methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of ezetimibe/simvastatin and ezetimibe/atorvastatin binary mixtures in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms without prior separation."	( Enhanced spectrophotometric determination of two antihyperlipidemic mixtures containing ezetimibe in pharmaceutical preparations. Barary, MA; El-Kimary, EI; Hassan, EM; Maher, HM; Youssef, RM, 2011)	0.37
"5, or 50 mg) was administered orally once daily on three dosing schedules: 4 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off treatment (Schedule 4/2); 2 weeks on treatment, 1 week off treatment (Schedule 2/1); and continuous daily dosing (CDD schedule)."	( A phase I study of sunitinib plus capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bello, A; Burris, HA; Chao, R; Chiorean, EG; Jones, S; Lee, FC; Liau, KF; Royce, M; Sweeney, CJ; Tye, L; Verschraegen, CF, 2010)	0.36
"We conducted a phase II study to assess the efficacy of continuous dosing of sunitinib in patients with flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)-avid, iodine-refractory well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and to assess for early response per FDG-PET."	( Phase II study of daily sunitinib in FDG-PET-positive, iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with functional imaging correlation. Bauman, JE; Capell, PT; Carr, LL; Eaton, KD; Goulart, BH; Kell, EM; Mankoff, DA; Martins, RG, 2010)	0.36
" Combination of BCG and sunitinib revealed superior cytotoxicity effect than single agent when cells were pretreated with low dosage BCG before sunitinib treatment."	( Sunitinib can enhance BCG mediated cytotoxicity to transitional cell carcinoma through apoptosis pathway. Ping, SY; Wu, CL; Yu, DS, 2012)	0.38
" Two of 5 patients who received 50 mg sunitinib plus tremelimumab 6 mg/kg experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and no further enrollment to the combination with sunitinib 50 mg dosing was pursued."	( Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of tremelimumab plus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Catlett, L; Eddy, S; Gordon, M; Healey, D; Huang, B; Rini, BI; Shannon, P; Stein, M; Stephenson, JJ; Tyler, A, 2011)	0.37
" Their recurrence despite the decreased dosage of the drug points to a nondose-dependent pathogenic mechanism."	( [Leg ulcerations and sunitinib]. Barbaud, A; Cuny, JF; Granel-Brocard, F; Guyot-Caquelin, P; Marchal, A; Schmutz, JL; Spaeth, D; Trechot, P, 2010)	0.36
"Sunitinib was administered once daily on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule (37."	( Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Fumita, S; Hashimoto, J; Ichikawa, Y; Kimura, N; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Ohki, E; Okamoto, I; Shimizu, T; Takeda, M; Terashima, M; Tsurutani, J, 2012)	0.38
" These data therefore demonstrate that dosing considerations in the current labels for atorvastatin are similar for Asian compared with Caucasian subjects."	( Systemic exposure to atorvastatin between Asian and Caucasian subjects: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Fung, GL; Gandelman, K; Laskey, R; Messig, M, 2012)	0.38
"In this work the effects of Atorvastatin (liptonorm) in a dosage of 10 mg/24h during 12 months concerning the basic indicators of a lipid spectrum of blood in the patients with a metabolic syndrome are estimated."	( [Effect of atorvastatin (liptonorm) on indicators of the lipid spectrum of blood in patients with the metabolic syndrome]. Lakhin, DI; Vasil'eva, LV, 2010)	0.36
"Microwave energy was used to prepare an enhanced release dosage form of the poorly water soluble drug ATR with PEG 6000 as a hydrophilic carrier."	( Microwave induced solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble atorvastatin calcium. Belgamwar, V; Maurya, D; Tekade, A, 2010)	0.36
" Following confirmation, counter screens, and dose-response analysis, we prioritized more than 100 compounds for further in vitro and in vivo analysis."	( Application of a high-throughput fluorescent acetyltransferase assay to identify inhibitors of homocitrate synthase. Bulfer, SL; Larsen, MJ; McQuade, TJ; Trievel, RC, 2011)	0.37
" However, moderately elevated doses of the p-DOX equivalent in the conjugate caused toxic effects, making accurate dosage setting essential."	( Polymer conjugates of the highly potent cytostatic drug 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin. Ibrahimova, M; Rihova, B; Studenovsky, M; Ulbrich, K, 2011)	0.37
" The decrease can be prevented by the suggested dosage scheme."	( Use of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate decreased serum statin levels after extracorporeal LDL-cholesterol elimination. Bláha, M; Bláha, V; Lánská, M; Malý, J; Nováková, L; Solich, P; Solichová, D; Vlcková, H, 2011)	0.37
"To compare the safety and myocardial effects of different atorvastatin loading doses and dosing frequency before PCI in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients."	( Effect of different loading doses of atorvastatin on percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes. Gao, Y; Pang, X; Qi, G; Sun, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z; Zhao, W, 2010)	0.36
" The reduced liver TG mass induced by a high dosage of atorvastatin may be important for the treatment of patients with fatty liver."	( Effects of high-dose statin on the human hepatic expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and triglyceride metabolism. Eriksson, M; Gustafsson, U; Parini, P; Pramfalk, C; Sahlin, S, 2011)	0.37
"This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a generic formulation of atorvastatin 20 mg/d versus a branded formulation at the same dosage in hypercholesterolemic Korean adults at high risk for cardiovascular events."	( Efficacy and tolerability of a generic and a branded formulation of atorvastatin 20 mg/d in hypercholesterolemic Korean adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial. Cho, YS; Hong, SJ; Hyon, MS; Kim, DW; Kim, HS; Kim, SH; Lee, MY; Moon, GW; Park, K; Sung, JD; Yoon, MH, 2010)	0.36
"Two simple and accurate methods to determine atorvastatin calcium and ramipril in capsule dosage forms were developed and validated using HPLC and HPTLC."	( Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin calcium and ramipril in capsule dosage forms by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance thin layer chromatography. Panchal, HJ; Suhagia, BN, )	0.13
" Sunitinib was dosed at 50 mg orally days 1-28, every 42 days (1 cycle)."	( A Cancer and Leukemia Group B phase II study of sunitinib malate in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (CALGB 80603). Abou-Alfa, GK; Bekaii-Saab, T; Douglas, K; Goldberg, RM; Hall, M; Hollis, D; Kindler, HL; Niedzwiecki, D; O'Reilly, EM; Pluard, T; Schilsky, RL, 2010)	0.36
"6 μg/mL, and area under the drug concentration-time curve over a dosing interval (AUC) was 12."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.37
" To corroborate the in vitro findings, in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) studies were done following separate dosing of AMG in both rats and humans."	( Species difference in the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of amtolmetin guacil. Dasari, VB; Hotha, KK; Korlakunta, JN; Lakshmanarao, RK; Mullangi, R; Shaik, AN; Shivva, V; Syed, M, 2010)	0.36
" As there is neither any consensus nor any guidelines regarding this issue, we aimed to define the optimal statin type and dosage for these patients."	( Optimal statin type and dosage for vascular patients. Mikhailidis, DP; Paraskevas, KI; Veith, FJ, 2011)	0.37
" We administered a dosage of 50mg/day for four-week cycles, followed by a two-week rest per cycle, until we reached a total of eight cycles or up to clinical progression or intolerable toxicity."	( [Experience with sunitinib in hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer that is unresponsive to docetaxel]. Alberola, V; Casinello, J; Gasent, JM; Grande, E; Laforga, JB; Provencia, M, 2011)	0.37
" Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin at the maximum dosage both significantly (p <0."	( Effects of maximal atorvastatin and rosuvastatin treatment on markers of glucose homeostasis and inflammation. Ai, M; Asztalos, BF; Himbergen, TV; Jones, PH; Nakajima, K; Otokozawa, S; Schaefer, EJ; Stein, E; Thongtang, N, 2011)	0.37
" A linear mixed-effects model was applied to account for the inherent correlation of multiple-plaque measurements from the same patient and to assess dose-response differences to statin therapy."	( In vivo carotid plaque MRI using quantitative T2* measurements with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles: a dose-response study to statin therapy. Gillard, JH; Graves, MJ; Müller, KH; Patterson, AJ; Tang, TY, 2011)	0.37
" At 40 mg dosage from 3rd month to 6th month versus 1st month to 3rd month it was significant decrease, at the end of 1st month and 3rd month it was not significant."	( Short-term therapy with high dose atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery disease can reduce inflammatory process. Abdollahian, F; Nesar Hossein, V; Yosef Nejad, K, )	0.13
" In the 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene plus phorbol myristate acetate-induced skin chemical carcinogenesis model, acute dosing of established naive primary carcinomas with LY2109761 (100 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 10 days (100 mg/kg) diminished phospho-Smad2 (P-Smad2) levels and marginally decreased the expression of inflammatory and invasive markers."	( Outgrowth of drug-resistant carcinomas expressing markers of tumor aggression after long-term TβRI/II kinase inhibition with LY2109761. Akhurst, RJ; Connolly, EC; De Sapio, A; Hann, B; Luu, MT; Quigley, D; Saunier, EF; Yingling, JM, 2011)	0.37
" Sunitinib was given as continuous once-daily dosing of 37."	( Hemorrhagic complications in a phase II study of sunitinib in patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who has previously received high-dose radiation. Ahuja, AT; Chan, ATC; Chan, SL; Hui, EP; Kam, MKM; King, AD; Loong, HH; Ma, BBY; Mo, F; Zee, BCY, 2011)	0.37
"U87-MG tumor uptake of (18)F-fluciclatide was determined by small-animal PET after longitudinal administration of the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib (a 2-wk dosing regimen)."	( Monitoring tumor response to antiangiogenic sunitinib therapy with 18F-fluciclatide, an 18F-labeled αVbeta3-integrin and αV beta5-integrin imaging agent. Allen, L; Barnett, J; Battle, MR; Goggi, JL; Morrison, MS, 2011)	0.37
"Dynamic small-animal PET of (18)F-fluciclatide uptake after administration of the clinically relevant antiangiogenic agent sunitinib revealed a reduction in the tumor uptake of (18)F-fluciclatide compared with that in vehicle-treated controls over the 2-wk dosing regimen."	( Monitoring tumor response to antiangiogenic sunitinib therapy with 18F-fluciclatide, an 18F-labeled αVbeta3-integrin and αV beta5-integrin imaging agent. Allen, L; Barnett, J; Battle, MR; Goggi, JL; Morrison, MS, 2011)	0.37
"Female heterozygous streptozotocin-diabetic TGR(mRen-2)27 rats were treated with the EGFR inhibitor PKI 166 by daily oral dosing for 16 weeks."	( Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor preserves podocytes and attenuates albuminuria in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Advani, A; Cox, AJ; Gilbert, RE; Kelly, DJ; Wiggins, KJ; Zhang, Y, 2011)	0.37
" Although treatment-associated AEs are common, the majority of AEs reported during clinical trial experiences were grade 1 or 2 in severity and manageable with intervention in the form of supportive measures and/or dosage modification."	( Treatment-associated adverse event management in the advanced renal cell carcinoma patient treated with targeted therapies. Ravaud, A, 2011)	0.37
" Substantial changes in volume of distribution at steady-state occurred after repeated dosing in some patients prior to the onset of edema."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of SJG-136, a novel DNA sequence selective minor groove cross-linking agent, in advanced solid tumors. Berlin, JD; Calcutt, MW; Chen, AP; Hachey, DL; Hartley, JA; Lee, W; Liao, CY; Puzanov, I; Rothenberg, ML; Spanswick, VJ; Vermeulen, WL, 2011)	0.37
" In vivo, the systemic exposure of sunitinib after oral dosing (10 mg kg(-1) ) was unchanged when muABCB1 and/or muABCG2 were absent."	( Brain accumulation of sunitinib is restricted by P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) and can be enhanced by oral elacridar and sunitinib coadministration. Beijnen, JH; Hillebrand, MJ; Lagas, JS; Lankheet, NA; Poller, B; Rosing, H; Schinkel, AH; Tang, SC, 2012)	0.38
"Despite recent advances in solid-state NMR spectroscopy, the structural characterization of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solid dosage forms continues to be a monumental challenge."	( New perspectives of 19F MAS NMR in the characterization of amorphous forms of atorvastatin in dosage formulations. Brus, J; Brusova, H; Sedenkova, I; Urbanova, M, 2011)	0.37
" Their antifungal activities against five fungi were evaluated, and the results indicated that some of the title compounds showed moderate fungicidal activities in vitro against Alternaria solani, Cercospora arachidicola, Fusarium omysporum, Gibberella zeae and Physalospora piricola at the dosage of 50 μg mL(-1)."	( Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs. Feng, Q; Li, ZM; Liu, TW; Wang, MZ; Wang, SH; Xu, H; Yu, SJ, 2011)	0.37
" Serum levels of LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine kinase (CK) were measured before (day 1) and 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, and 28 days after dosing initiation."	( Effect of HMGCR variant alleles on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering response to atorvastatin in healthy Korean subjects. Cho, SK; Chung, JY; Jang, SB; Lee, DH; Lee, YJ; Lim, LA; Oh, ES; Park, K; Park, MS, 2012)	0.38
"5 and 50 mg/day) and continuous daily dosing (CDD; 37."	( A phase I study of sunitinib in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Aranda, E; Carrato, A; Chau, I; Countouriotis, AM; Cunningham, D; Guillen-Ponce, C; Iveson, TJ; Ramos, FJ; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Saunders, MP; Starling, N; Tabernero, J; Tursi, JM; Vázquez-Mazón, F; Wei, G, 2012)	0.38
"The results of our adverse drug analysis suggest a dose-response relationship."	( Statin-associated rhabdomyolysis: is there a dose-response relationship? Baker, S; Holbrook, A; Ribic, C; Sung, M; Wright, M, )	0.13
" Drug dosing and treatment duration are correlated with response to treatment and survival."	( Sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: recommendations for management of noncardiovascular toxicities. Bjarnason, G; Bukowski, R; Burnett, P; Creel, P; Davis, M; Dawson, N; Feldman, D; George, S; Hershman, J; Kollmannsberger, C; Lechner, T; Potter, A; Raymond, E; Treister, N; Wood, L; Wu, S, 2011)	0.37
" Reduction of atorvastatin dosage when moderate amounts of GFJ are co-ingested does not appear to be necessary."	( Serum concentrations and clinical effects of atorvastatin in patients taking grapefruit juice daily. Browne, K; Derendorf, H; Ellington, D; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Parent, SJ; Reddy, P; Zdrojewski, I; Zhu, Y, 2011)	0.37
" Further prospective trials are needed not only to elucidate the ideal dosing and schedule, but also to better define the proof-of-concept proposed in this report and its role in clinical practice."	( Early experience with targeted therapy and dendritic cell vaccine in metastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy. Crippa, A; Dall'Oglio, MF; Dos Reis, ST; Leite, KR; Sousa-Canavez, JM; Srougi, M; Tanno, FY; Tiseo, BC, )	0.13
"5 mg on a continuous daily dosing schedule."	( Phase II study of sunitinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and irradiated brain metastases. Abrey, L; Camps, C; Chao, RC; Grossi, F; Mazieres, J; Novello, S; Patyna, S; Scagliotti, G; Thall, A; Usari, T; Vernejoux, JM; Wang, Z, 2011)	0.37
"Sunitinib administration on a continuous daily dosing schedule in patients with NSCLC and brain metastases was safe and manageable, with no increased risk of ICH."	( Phase II study of sunitinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and irradiated brain metastases. Abrey, L; Camps, C; Chao, RC; Grossi, F; Mazieres, J; Novello, S; Patyna, S; Scagliotti, G; Thall, A; Usari, T; Vernejoux, JM; Wang, Z, 2011)	0.37
" Serial pharmacokinetic sampling of atorvastatin was conducted on day 7 of atorvastatin dosing and day 70 of lamotrigine + atorvastatin dosing or day 28 of phenytoin + atorvastatin dosing."	( Effects of lamotrigine and phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy volunteers. Alexander, S; Bullman, J; Fleck, R; Messenheimer, J; Miller, J; Nicholls, A; Van Landingham, K; Vuong, A, 2011)	0.37
"A Bayesian nonlinear longitudinal Emax model for a binary endpoint was used to characterize the dose-response relationship for a new treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."	( A case study of model-based Bayesian dose response estimation. French, J; Gruben, D; Tan, H; Thomas, N, 2011)	0.37
" Mice were divided into six treatment groups and dosed orally for 15 days as follows: (i) control group, sterile water; (ii) IMA alone; (iii) SUN alone; (iv) IPI-493 alone; (v) IPI-493+IMA; and (vi) IPI-493+SUN."	( The Novel HSP90 inhibitor, IPI-493, is highly effective in human gastrostrointestinal stromal tumor xenografts carrying heterogeneous KIT mutations. Debiec-Rychter, M; Faa, G; Floris, G; Normant, E; Schöffski, P; Sciot, R; Van Looy, T; Wellens, J; Wozniak, A, 2011)	0.37
" Further studies with this regimen using the dosing schedules evaluated in this study are not warranted."	( Phase I study of sunitinib and irinotecan for patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Coan, A; Desjardins, A; Friedman, HS; Gururangan, S; Herndon, JE; Peters, KB; Reardon, DA; Rich, JN; Sathornsumetee, S; Vredenburgh, JJ, 2011)	0.37
" The formalin test showed that III was effective in acute chemical pain (phase I, 0-5 min after injection), but was not effective for II at the same dosage compared to the PCP and control groups."	( Synthesis and analgesic effects of new pyrrole derivatives of phencyclidine in mice. Ahmadi, A; Hajikhani, R; Pakzad, S; Solati, J, 2011)	0.37
" Blood samples were collected scheduled intervals for 24 hours after the last dosing to determine plasma concentrations of atorvastatin acid, atorvastatin lactone, 2-hydroxy atorvastatin acid, and 2-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone."	( The effect of the newly developed angiotensin receptor II antagonist fimasartan on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in relation to OATP1B1 in healthy male volunteers. Cho, JY; Jang, IJ; Kim, SE; Kim, TE; Lee, MG; Shin, KH; Shin, SG; Song, IS; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2011)	0.37
" The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of once-daily dosing of a combination therapy for blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia using home BP monitoring on reaching clinical BP and the effect of daily dosing of combination therapy on reaching lipid goals."	( Improving adherence with amlodipine/atorvastatin therapy: IMPACT study. Crabbe, A; Delkhah, Y; Jones, J; Leonard, D; Nesbitt, S; Oliver, S, 2011)	0.37
"AEB071 combined with a smaller dosage of Tac may be clinically possible to establish calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) minimization protocol in solid organ transplantation."	( The effects of AEB071 (sotrastaurin) with tacrolimus on rat heterotopic cardiac allograft rejection and survival. Fang, YH; Huh, KH; Joo, DJ; Kim, MS; Kim, YS; Lim, BJ; Suh, H, 2011)	0.37
" Nude mice were grafted with human GIST carrying KIT exon 13 (GIST-882; n = 59) or exon 11 (GIST-PSW; n = 44) mutations and dosed with imatinib (50 mg/kg twice daily), sunitinib (40 mg/kg once daily), IPI-504 (100 mg/kg 3 times per week), IPI-504 + imatinib, or IPI-504 + sunitinib."	( The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor IPI-504 induces KIT degradation, tumor shrinkage, and cell proliferation arrest in xenograft models of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Debiec-Rychter, M; Faa, G; Floris, G; Machiels, K; Normant, E; Schöffski, P; Sciot, R; Stefan, C; Vanleeuw, U; Wozniak, A, 2011)	0.37
" The selected excipients such as docusate sodium enhanced the stability and solubility of ATC in gastric media and tablet dosage form."	( Enhanced bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium from stabilized gastric resident formulation. Dehghan, MH; Khan, FN, 2011)	0.37
"These studies demonstrate that sunitinib/metabolite had no direct effects on cardiac function ex vivo, and that therapeutically relevant concentrations of sunitinib dosed on a "clinical schedule" increased BP in rats without adverse changes in cardiac structure/function."	( Sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, increases blood pressure in rats without associated changes in cardiac structure and function. Blasi, E; Hemkens, M; Heyen, J; John-Baptiste, A; McHarg, A; Patyna, S; Ramirez, D; Steidl-Nichols, J, 2012)	0.38
" Escudier et al reported that continuous, once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37."	( Phase II trial of continuous once-daily dosing of sunitinib as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Barrios, CH; Bello, A; Brown, MP; Fein, L; Hariharan, S; Hernandez-Barajas, D; Lee, SH; Liu, JH; Martell, BA; Mundayat, R; Rha, SY; Wang, Z; Yuan, J, 2012)	0.38
"Continuous once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37."	( Phase II trial of continuous once-daily dosing of sunitinib as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Barrios, CH; Bello, A; Brown, MP; Fein, L; Hariharan, S; Hernandez-Barajas, D; Lee, SH; Liu, JH; Martell, BA; Mundayat, R; Rha, SY; Wang, Z; Yuan, J, 2012)	0.38
"Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra are developed for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine besylate (AM) and Atorvastatin calcium (AT) in tablet dosage forms."	( Three different spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra for determination of binary mixture of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin. Darwish, HW; El-Zeiny, BA; Hassan, SA; Salem, MY, 2011)	0.37
"Using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, patients received oral sunitinib qd by continuous daily dosing (CDD schedule; 37."	( A phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid malignancies, with an expanded cohort in non-small cell lung cancer. Blais, N; Camidge, DR; Canil, C; Chao, RC; Chow, LQ; Diab, SG; Jonker, DJ; Laurie, SA; McWilliam, M; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Thall, A; Tye, L; Zhang, K, 2012)	0.38
" All patients continued to receive a stable dosage of MTX."	( A phase IIb dose-ranging study of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib (CP-690,550) versus placebo in combination with background methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate alone. Cohen, S; Connell, CA; French, JL; Gomez-Reino, J; Gruben, D; Kanik, KS; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Pascual-Ramos, V; Wallenstein, G; Wilkinson, BE; Zwillich, SH, 2012)	0.38
"In patients with active RA in whom the response to MTX has been inadequate, the addition of tofacitinib at a dosage ≥3 mg twice daily showed sustained efficacy and a manageable safety profile over 24 weeks."	( A phase IIb dose-ranging study of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib (CP-690,550) versus placebo in combination with background methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate alone. Cohen, S; Connell, CA; French, JL; Gomez-Reino, J; Gruben, D; Kanik, KS; Kremer, JM; Krishnaswami, S; Pascual-Ramos, V; Wallenstein, G; Wilkinson, BE; Zwillich, SH, 2012)	0.38
" This study assessed the response rates and toxicity profiles of sunitinib on a continuous once-daily dosing regimen in Turkish patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma."	( Response rates and adverse effects of continuous once-daily sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a single-center study in Turkey. Agaoglu, F; Basaran, M; Bavbek, S; Darendeliler, E; Ekenel, M; Ozcan, F; Sen, F; Tunc, HM; Yildiz, I, 2011)	0.37
"Between April 2006 and August 2010, 74 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received sunitinib on a continuous, once-daily dosing regimen were included."	( Response rates and adverse effects of continuous once-daily sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a single-center study in Turkey. Agaoglu, F; Basaran, M; Bavbek, S; Darendeliler, E; Ekenel, M; Ozcan, F; Sen, F; Tunc, HM; Yildiz, I, 2011)	0.37
" However, for a better interpretation of the experimental data as well as to possibly predict cholesterol levels given a certain dosing regimen of statins and phytosterols/-stanols a more theoretically based approach is helpful."	( Modelling approach to simulate reductions in LDL cholesterol levels after combined intake of statins and phytosterols/-stanols in humans. Eussen, SR; Klungel, OH; Rompelberg, CJ; van Eijkeren, JC, 2011)	0.37
" The genotype of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), a gene regulating the red hair phenotype, is predictive of hair melanin expressed as the log value of eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, with a dosage effect evident."	( Diversity of human hair pigmentation as studied by chemical analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Ito, S; Wakamatsu, K, 2011)	0.37
" The combination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in 8 different dosage strengths were flexibly titrated over a period of 14 weeks."	( Impact of combination therapy with amlodipine and atorvastatin on plasma adiponectin levels in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: combination therapy and adiponectin. Cheung, BM; Lam, KS; Li, M; Tse, HF; Xu, A, 2011)	0.37
" A daily oral dose of atorvastatin calcium treatment for 70 days weakened the long bones of methylprednisolone acetate treated rabbits irrespective of the dosage (2, 10, or 20 mg)."	( Effect of atorvastatin on the cortical bones of corticosteroid treated rabbits. Braitman, LE; Goldstein, DT; Handal, JA; John, TK; Khurana, JS; Saing, M; Samuel, SP, 2012)	0.38
" The median trough concentration measured before day 14 dosing was 32 (range 12-58) ng/ml."	( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a sunitinib powder formulation in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study. Adamson, PC; Ahern, CH; Baruchel, S; Blaney, SM; DuBois, SG; Glade-Bender, J; Ingle, AM; Ivy, P; Reid, JM; Shusterman, S, 2012)	0.38
"Teriflunomide - a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor; AL8697 - a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor; and tofacitinib - a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor; were selected as representatives of their class and dose-response studies carried out using a therapeutic 10-day administration scheme in arthritic rats."	( Profiling of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, p38 and JAK inhibitors in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model: a translational study. Balagué, C; Godessart, N; Pont, M; Prats, N, 2012)	0.38
" Midazolam pharmacokinetics were assessed over 24 h following single dose 2 mg administration prior to administering tofacitinib and after twice daily dosing of tofacitinib 30 mg for 6 days."	( Lack of effect of tofacitinib (CP-690,550) on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam in healthy volunteers: confirmation of in vitro data. Alvey, C; Dowty, ME; Fahmi, OA; Gupta, P; Krishnaswami, S; Riese, RJ; Walsky, RL; Wang, R, 2012)	0.38
" Five dose-escalating cohorts, up to and including approved label dosage for toceranib and standard dosage for piroxicam, were completed without observing a frequency of dose-limiting AEs necessitating cohort closure."	( Safety evaluation of combination toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) and piroxicam in tumour-bearing dogs (excluding mast cell tumours): a phase I dose-finding study. Chon, E; Kubicek, LN; McCartan, L; Vail, DM, 2012)	0.38
"7%) were dosed on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday basis and 47/63 (74."	( Preliminary evidence for biologic activity of toceranib phosphate (Palladia(®)) in solid tumours. Alvarez, F; Beaver, L; Bryan, J; Carreras, J; Clifford, C; Ettinger, S; Fulton, L; Gauthier, M; Gill, V; Gillings, S; Haney, S; Henry, C; Hershey, B; Higginbotham, ML; Hillman, L; Jones, P; Kiselow, M; Klein, MK; Krick, E; Ladue, T; London, C; Mathie, T; McNeill, C; Novasad, A; Phillips, B; Stingle, N; Thamm, D; Vail, DM; Vaughan, A; Vickery, K, 2012)	0.38
" In vivo, the systemic exposure of N-desethyl sunitinib after oral dosing of sunitinib malate (10 mg/kg) was unchanged when Abcb1 and/or Abcg2 were absent."	( P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) restrict brain accumulation of the active sunitinib metabolite N-desethyl sunitinib. Beijnen, JH; Lankheet, NA; Poller, B; Schinkel, AH; Tang, SC; Wagenaar, E, 2012)	0.38
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and metronomic dosing of cyclophosphamide (CYC) can improve tumor control by suppression of regulatory T cells (Treg) and restoration of T cell-mediated immune responses in mice and humans."	( Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of toceranib combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in dogs with cancer. Biller, BJ; Mitchell, L; Thamm, DH, )	0.13
" According to the dosage of preprocedural atorvastatin, the high hs-CRP group was further divided into 10 mg group (n = 49), 20 mg group (n = 66) and 40 mg group (n = 61)."	( [Association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and contrast induced acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: impact of atorvastatin]. Cai, WQ; Chai, DJ; Chen, GL; Chen, XP; Huang, QY; Su, JZ; Wang, FB; Xue, Y; Zhang, DS, 2011)	0.37
"5 mg/day dosing schedule has also been evaluated and appears to be well tolerated, allowing the maintenance of the dose density of sunitinib with a similar outcome."	( Sunitinib: the first to arrive at first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Aparicio, L; Fernández, O; Grande, E; Lázaro, M; León, L; Vázquez, S, 2012)	0.38
" On the other hand, the optimal combination and dosage of these drugs, selection of the apropriate biomarker and better understanding of the conflicting role of PDGFR and FGFR signaling in angiogenesis remain future challenges."	( [Possibilities for inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis: results with multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors]. Döme, B; Török, S, 2012)	0.38
"8) who underwent a primary PCI for a first ST-elevated AMI were randomized for pretreatment with atorvastatin 80 mg (n = 20) or placebo (n = 22) and continued with the same dosage daily for 1 week."	( Early statin treatment prior to primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction: REPERATOR, a randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Doevendans, PA; Eefting, FD; Goumans, MJ; Post, MC; Post, S; Rensing, BJ; Stella, PR; van den Branden, BJ; van Es, HW; Wildbergh, TX, 2012)	0.38
"Patients with an unresectable primary renal tumor, with or without distant metastases, received 50 mg sunitinib with continuous daily dosing in a phase II trial."	( The effect of sunitinib on primary renal cell carcinoma and facilitation of subsequent surgery. Campbell, S; Dreicer, R; Elson, P; Fergany, A; Garcia, J; Gong, M; Kaouk, J; Klein, E; Krishnamurthi, V; Rabets, J; Rini, BI; Salem, M; Shah, S; Stephenson, A; Wood, L, 2012)	0.38
"Sunitinib has shown antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile as metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment, when given by the standard intermittent schedule as well as a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule."	( Randomized phase II trial of sunitinib on an intermittent versus continuous dosing schedule as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Agarwal, N; Bello, A; Burke, JM; Cella, D; Edenfield, WJ; Figlin, RA; Hariharan, S; Hudes, GR; Hutson, TE; Korytowsky, B; Martell, B; Motzer, RJ; Olsen, MR; Thompson, JA; Valota, O; Wilding, G; Yuan, J, 2012)	0.38
" CONCLUSION; There was no benefit in efficacy or safety for continuous dosing of sunitinib compared with the approved 50 mg/d dose on schedule 4/2."	( Randomized phase II trial of sunitinib on an intermittent versus continuous dosing schedule as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Agarwal, N; Bello, A; Burke, JM; Cella, D; Edenfield, WJ; Figlin, RA; Hariharan, S; Hudes, GR; Hutson, TE; Korytowsky, B; Martell, B; Motzer, RJ; Olsen, MR; Thompson, JA; Valota, O; Wilding, G; Yuan, J, 2012)	0.38
"The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy of 5 SAR236553/REGN727 (SAR236553) dosing regimens versus placebo at week 12 in patients with LDL-C ≥100 mg/dl on stable atorvastatin therapy."	( Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy. Ferrand, AC; Hanotin, C; Kereiakes, DJ; Koren, MJ; McKenney, JM; Stein, EA, 2012)	0.38
"SAR236553 demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship with respect to percentage LDL-C lowering for both Q2W and Q4W administration: 40%, 64%, and 72% with 50, 100, and 150 mg Q2W, respectively, and 43% and 48% with 200 and 300 mg Q4W."	( Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy. Ferrand, AC; Hanotin, C; Kereiakes, DJ; Koren, MJ; McKenney, JM; Stein, EA, 2012)	0.38
" These additional reductions are both dose- and dosing frequency-dependent."	( Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy. Ferrand, AC; Hanotin, C; Kereiakes, DJ; Koren, MJ; McKenney, JM; Stein, EA, 2012)	0.38
" An increase in corpora lutea and an increase in early resorptions with associated reduction in viable embryos was noted in the females dosed 5 mg/kg/day."	( Reproductive toxicity assessment of sunitinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in male and female rats. Bowman, CJ; Cappon, GD; Coburn, AM; Patyna, S; Stedman, DB, 2012)	0.38
"Evidence suggests that statins reduce cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, although questions remain regarding the mechanism of benefit and the preferred dosing strategy."	( STAR VaS--Short Term Atorvastatin Regime for Vasculopathic Subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating perioperative atorvastatin therapy in noncardiac surgery. Bryson, GL; Neilipovitz, DT; Taljaard, M, 2012)	0.38
" More recent data from the large international expanded access trial, in non-clear cell carcinoma patients, different dosing schedule studies and safety issues are also discussed."	( Sunitinib malate for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Wood, L, 2012)	0.38
"5, and 50 mg/day) on three schedules: 2 weeks on, 2 weeks off (2/2); 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off (4/2); or continuous daily dosing (CDD)."	( A phase I study of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Camidge, DR; Chan, E; Chow Maneval, E; Diab, S; Eckhardt, SG; Khosravan, R; Leong, S; Lin, X; Lockhart, AC; Messersmith, WA; Spratlin, J, 2012)	0.38
"5 mg/day continuous daily dose sunitinib dosing schedule appears to be the optimal choice for Chinese patients due to a decreased incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in Chinese patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gao, J; Hong, J; Li, J; Shen, L, 2012)	0.38
" However, in order to obtain the maximum clinical benefit from targeted agents, effective therapy management is essential and includes optimization of dosing and treatment duration, as well as adequate side-effect management."	( Therapy management with sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: key concepts and the impact of clinical biomarkers. Castellano, D; De Velasco, G; Ravaud, A; Schmidinger, M; Vazquez, F, 2013)	0.39
"2%, usually atorvastatin), or increasing atorvastatin dosage (59."	( Effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy with statins for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis--guidelines vs. reality. Bożentowicz-Wikarek, M; Chudek, J; Kocełak, P; Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M; Smertka, M, 2012)	0.38
"A dosage of sunitinib 37."	( Sunitinib plus erlotinib for the treatment of advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a lead-in study. Blumenschein, GR; Chao, RC; Ciuleanu, T; Groen, HJ; Juhasz, E; Robert, F; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Tye, L; Usari, T, 2012)	0.38
"Muscular symptoms associated with average dosage statin therapy are more frequent than in clinical trials and have a greater impact on patients' life than usually thought."	( Discontinuation of statin therapy due to muscular side effects: a survey in real life. Bruckert, E; Dallongeville, J; Rosenbaum, D; Sabouret, P, 2013)	0.39
"The aim of the present study was to combine vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for investigating excipient-induced disproportionation of the calcium salt of atorvastatin into the corresponding free acid form in environments relevant to manufacturing and storage of solid dosage formulations."	( Disproportionation of the calcium salt of atorvastatin in the presence of acidic excipients. Christensen, NP; Cornett, C; Rantanen, J; Taylor, LS, 2012)	0.38
"Alternative dosing is often used clinically to address common barriers with statin therapy, such as intolerance and cost."	( The high-dose rosuvastatin once weekly study (the HD-ROWS). Backes, JM; Gibson, CA; Moriarty, PM; Ruisinger, JF, )	0.13
"At the end of the 3-week dosing schedule, the tumors of the sunitinib-treated mice grew significantly slower than those of control group."	( The preventative effects of sunitinib malate observed in the course from non-castration to castration LNCaP xenograft prostate tumors. Jing, C; Ning, J; Yuanjie, N, 2012)	0.38
" A phase II study utilizing a modified dosing schedule was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Sunitinib in recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinoma."	( A phase II trial of Sunitinib malate in recurrent and refractory ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinoma. Berlin, S; Campos, SM; Horowitz, NS; Matulonis, U; Penson, RT; Pereira, L; Roche, M; Szymonifka, J; Tyburski, K; Whalen, C, 2013)	0.39
" The type and dosage of concomitant drugs were not changed during the study periods."	( Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass with peripheral leukocyte count following statin therapy: a pilot study. Hirayama, A; Nagao, K; Tani, S, 2012)	0.38
" However, the newer targeted anticancer therapies have different pharmacokinetic (PK) and dosing characteristics compared with traditional cytotoxic drugs, making it possible to estimate the steady-state drug exposure with a single trough-level measurement."	( Evidence for therapeutic drug monitoring of targeted anticancer therapies. Balakrishnar, B; Clements, A; Gao, B; Gurney, H; Wong, M; Yeap, S, 2012)	0.38
"The objective of this work was to characterize the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ABT-288, a highly selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, in healthy young adults and elderly subjects following single and multiple dosing in a phase 1 setting."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the histamine H3 receptor antagonist, ABT-288, in healthy young adults and elderly volunteers. Dutta, S; Florian, H; Haig, G; Locke, C; Othman, AA; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.39
"5 mg on a continuous daily dosing schedule."	( Phase II open-label study of sunitinib in patients with advanced breast cancer. Brickman, MJ; Citrin, DL; Dees, EC; Healey, P; Kern, KA; Li, S; Myers, SD; Paolini, J; Wang, Z; Yardley, DA, 2012)	0.38
"5 or 50 mg) qd on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule or Schedule 2/1 (2 weeks on, 1 week off treatment) plus pemetrexed (400 or 500 mg/m(2) IV) and cisplatin (75 mg/m(2) IV) q3w up to 6 cycles."	( Sunitinib combined with pemetrexed and cisplatin: results of a phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study in patients with advanced solid malignancies, with an expanded cohort in non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. Blais, N; Camidge, DR; Chao, RC; Chow, LQ; Doebele, RC; Jonker, DJ; Laurie, SA; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Soulières, D; Thall, A; Zhang, K, 2013)	0.39
"To compare the therapeutic effects of intensive versus moderate dosage of atorvastatin regimens in new-onset unstable angina with borderline lesions, 100 patients were randomized to receive either 80 mg/d or 20 mg/d atorvastatin for 9 months."	( Intensive-dose atorvastatin regimen halts progression of atherosclerotic plaques in new-onset unstable angina with borderline vulnerable plaque lesions. Gong, P; Lin, J; Liu, S; Lu, J; Lu, X; Qiu, J; Wang, H; Zhang, X, 2013)	0.39
" Sorafenib dosage was reduced in a third of patients, but this did not have an impact on progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0."	( Sorafenib as third- or fourth-line treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour and pretreatment including both imatinib and sunitinib, and nilotinib: A retrospective analysis. Bauer, S; Bitz, U; Blay, JY; Duffaud, F; Gelderblom, H; Joensuu, H; Montemurro, M; Pink, D; Rutkowski, P; Schütte, J; Trent, J, 2013)	0.39
" Two compounds exhibiting suitable mouse PK were profiled in in vivo tumor models and were shown to suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling for over 12 h when dosed orally."	( Potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase domain exhibiting single agent antiproliferative activity. Bergeron, P; Blackwood, E; Bowman, KK; Chen, YH; Deshmukh, G; Ding, X; Epler, J; Koehler, MF; Lau, K; Lee, L; Liu, L; Ly, C; Lyssikatos, JP; Malek, S; Nonomiya, J; Oeh, J; Ortwine, DF; Pei, Z; Sampath, D; Sideris, S; Trinh, L; Truong, T; Wu, J, 2012)	0.38
" In general, sunitinib was well tolerated and only three patients experienced a grade 3 toxicity, which resolved with dosage reduction."	( Sunitinib in advanced metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a single institution retrospective study. Bregant, C; Ganini, C; Imarisio, I; Morbini, P; Paglino, C; Porta, C; Vercelli, A, 2012)	0.38
" Log dose-response data revealed linear dose-related effects on blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides."	( Lipid lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. Adams, SP; Tsang, M; Wright, JM, 2012)	0.38
" Log dose-response data was linear over the commonly prescribed dose range."	( Lipid lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. Adams, SP; Tsang, M; Wright, JM, 2012)	0.38
"γ-H2AX foci formation was validated preclinically in comparison with the Comet assay, and evaluated pharmacodynamically in two phase I studies of different dosing schedules of the novel cross-linking agent SJG-136 (SG2000)."	( γ-H2AX foci formation as a pharmacodynamic marker of DNA damage produced by DNA cross-linking agents: results from 2 phase I clinical trials of SJG-136 (SG2000). Clingen, PH; Hartley, JA; Hochhauser, D; Jodrell, D; Mellinas-Gomez, M; Meyer, T; Puzanov, I; Spanswick, VJ; Wu, J, 2013)	0.39
"Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods depending on the proper selection of two wavelengths are developed for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine besylate (AML) and Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) in tablet dosage forms."	( Three different methods for determination of binary mixture of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin using dual wavelength spectrophotometry. Darwish, HW; El-Zeany, BA; Hassan, SA; Salem, MY, 2013)	0.39
" The mean starting dose for patients who initiated on sorafenib (n = 16) was 725 mg and for temsirolimus (n = 15) was 25 mg: their study samples were insufficient for further, meaningful dosing analyses."	( Treatment patterns: targeted therapies indicated for first-line management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a real-world setting. Borker, R; Fonseca, E; Hess, G, 2013)	0.39
"5 mg/day on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule."	( Phase II study of sunitinib in Japanese patients with unresectable or metastatic, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Chao, RC; Hara, K; Hashigaki, S; Igarashi, H; Imamura, M; Ito, T; Kimura, N; Kondo, S; Mizuno, N; Morizane, C; Murakami, M; Nishida, T; Ohki, E; Okusaka, T; Sawaki, A; Yamao, K, 2013)	0.39
" In a comparison of the relative potency of each drug at different dosing ranges, tacrolimus had the strongest Th1 inhibitory effect (median inhibition of interferon-γ at 97."	( Comparison of the effect of standard and novel immunosuppressive drugs on CMV-specific T-cell cytokine profiling. Broscheit, C; Egli, A; Humar, A; Kumar, D; O'Shea, D, 2013)	0.39
"This Phase 2b study assessed three tofacitinib dosage regimens vs."	( Tofacitinib (CP-690,550), an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, improves patient-reported outcomes in a phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Harness, J; Mamolo, C; Menter, A; Tan, H, 2014)	0.4
"Preventive dosing administration of sunitinib does not inhibit colonization of tumor cells to bone or reduce the size of osteolytic lesions."	( Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib as a single agent in the prophylactic setting in a mouse model of bone metastases. Bauerschlag, D; Bender, S; Glüer, CC; Hamann, S; Jonat, W; Kalthoff, H; Loermann, D; Lorenzen, AC; Rösel, F; Schem, C; Tiwari, S, 2013)	0.39
" Increased systemic exposure of the parent drug 1 following oral administration of the amminium salt 2 when compared to similar studies using solution dosing of the parent compound was observed in the in vivo studies in both rats and dogs."	( Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) attachment 13. Synthesis and profiling of a novel amminium prodrug of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor BMS-585248. Huang, XS; Jenkins, S; Johnson, KA; Kadow, JF; Meanwell, NA; Parker, D; Rahematpura, S; Regueiro-Ren, A; Simmermacher-Mayer, J; Sinz, M; Zheng, M, 2013)	0.39
" In every case, we recommend to start the selected targeted agents at standard dosage and to pursue therapy as long as possible because the control of disease should be the primary endpoint for the management of mRCC."	( Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma progressed after sunitinib or another antiangiogenic treatment. Cortesi, E; Iacovelli, R; Mezi, S; Naso, G; Palazzo, A; Pellegrino, D; Trenta, P, 2014)	0.4
"Even though no conclusions can be drawn about the actual effectiveness and toxicity of our schedule compared to the standard dosing schedule, it seems to be well tolerated and able to maintain a high adherence to therapy, resulting in maintenance of antitumour activity."	( A new modified schedule of sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Buti, S; Donini, M; Lazzarelli, S; Passalacqua, R, 2012)	0.38
"5 mg on a continuous daily dosing schedule in the patient with VIPoma, and the dose was 50 mg/d (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off) in the patient with the paraganglioma/NET."	( Sunitinib for the treatment of metastatic paraganglioma and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumor (VIPoma). Bourcier, ME; Vinik, AI, 2013)	0.39
" The best compound identified to date was progressed to dose-response studies in an acute murine TB infection model."	( Improved BM212 MmpL3 inhibitor analogue shows efficacy in acute murine model of tuberculosis infection. Agus, E; Alfonso, S; Ballell, L; Bates, RH; Biava, M; Botta, M; Cocozza, M; De Logu, A; De Rossi, E; Franzblau, SG; La Rosa, V; Manetti, F; Ortega, F; Pasca, MR; Poce, G; Porretta, GC; Rullas, J; Wae, B, 2013)	0.39
"A phase I dose escalation study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of intercalated dosing of BMS-690514, a reversible oral panHER/VEGF receptor inhibitor, combined with paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) in advanced solid tumors."	( A phase I trial to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of intercalated BMS-690514 with paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) in advanced or metastatic solid malignancies. Adjei, AA; Belani, CP; Chow, LQ; Dy, GK; Fortin, C; Gupta, A; Jonker, DI; Laurie, SA; Nicholas, G; Park, JS; Patricia, D; Sbar, EI; Zhang, S, 2013)	0.39
" After 400 mg/d imatinib treatment failure, sunitinib should be prescribed instead of increased dosage of imatinib."	( [Efficacy and safety of sunitinib on patients with imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor]. Chen, ZF; Chi, P; Guan, GX; Jiang, WZ; Liu, X; Lu, HS, 2013)	0.39
" Using a daily dosing regimen with lead-in, concurrent, and post-XRT therapy, the recommended phase 2 dose of sunitinib is 25 mg daily."	( Sunitinib plus androgen deprivation and radiation therapy for patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer: results from a multi-institutional phase 1 study. Corn, PG; DePetrillo, TA; Heath, E; Kuban, D; Maier, J; Mathew, P; Meyn, R; Song, DY, 2013)	0.39
" Although sunitinib treatment lowered the patient's blood glucose concentrations further and induced repeated symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes, he was able to tolerate the treatment well after changing the timing of sunitinib dosing and adjusting his diet."	( Therapeutic effect of sunitinib malate and its influence on blood glucose concentrations in a patient with metastatic insulinoma. Chen, J; Cong, L; Cui, Y; Han, J; Luan, Y; Sha, D; Shen, R; Wang, C; Wang, W; Zhang, Z, 2013)	0.39
"2mpk (equivalent to 10mpk of 1), 2 gave essentially the same exposure of 1 compared to dosing 10mpk of 1 itself."	( Synthesis and evaluation of carbamoylmethylene linked prodrugs of BMS-582949, a clinical p38α inhibitor. Barrish, JC; Dodd, JH; Everlof, G; Galella, MA; Gesenberg, C; Leftheris, K; Lin, J; Liu, C; Malley, M; Marathe, PH; McKinnon, M; Schieven, GL; Zhang, H, 2013)	0.39
" Sunitinib may thus be administered using a flexible dosing schedule to meet individual patient needs, achieving better tolerability and maintaining significant response to treatment."	( The efficacy and tolerability of a sunitinib 3-week administration schedule in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients: report of three cases. Brugia, M; Cerullo, C; Neri, B; Rangan, S; Rediti, M; Tassi, R; Vannini, A, 2012)	0.38
" After oral dosing, the dosed 14C was predominantly excreted into the feces of the test animals and the hepato-biliary route mainly contributed to the excretion of 14C in rats."	( Disposition of the new potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor 8-[3-[1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-piperidiny]-1-oxopropyl]-1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo [3, 2, 1-ij] quinolin-4-one (TAK-802) in rats, dogs and monkeys. Asahi, S; Kakehi, M; Kondo, T; Tagawa, Y, 2013)	0.39
"We report a patient with PNET with liver metastases who developed hyperammonemia with a low dosage of sunitinib probably contributed by the presence of liver metastases."	( Sunitinib-induced hyperammonaemia in a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. Chiu, WY; Hung, IF; Mok, MY; Shea, YF; Yau, CC, 2013)	0.39
"We would like to draw attention to the potential risk of sunitinib induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy even with a low dosage of sunitinib."	( Sunitinib-induced hyperammonaemia in a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. Chiu, WY; Hung, IF; Mok, MY; Shea, YF; Yau, CC, 2013)	0.39
" Statistically significant increases in the systemic exposure of ortho- and para-hydroxyatorvastatin were also observed upon concomitant dosing with CP-778875."	( Elucidation of the biochemical basis for a clinical drug-drug interaction between atorvastatin and 5-(N-(4-((4-ethylbenzyl)thio)phenyl)sulfamoyl)-2-methyl benzoic acid (CP-778875), a subtype selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated recep Chen, D; Feng, B; Francone, OL; Frederick, KS; Goosen, TC; Gosset, JR; Kalgutkar, AS; Rotter, CJ; Scialis, RJ; Terra, SG; Varma, MV; Walsky, RL; West, MA, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage was adjusted on the basis of adverse events."	( [Clinical observation of sunitinib treatment for refractory advanced breast cancer ulcer]. Ding, LJ; Jiang, ZF; Meng, XY; Song, ST; Sun, B; Wu, SK; Zhao, X, 2013)	0.39
" Apomorphine dose-response curves were bell-shaped in all rat lines/strains."	( Dopamine agonist-induced penile erection and yawning: a comparative study in outbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Argiolas, A; Corda, MG; Giorgi, O; Gmeiner, P; Hübner, H; Löber, S; Melis, MR; Piludu, MA; Sanna, F, 2013)	0.39
"Patients received oral sunitinib on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) or 2-weeks-on/2-weeks-off schedule (Schedule 2/2; 25 mg/day or 37."	( Phase I study of sunitinib plus S-1 and cisplatin in Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Boku, N; Hashigaki, S; Kimura, N; Lechuga, M; Machida, N; Miyata, Y; Muro, K; Suzuki, M, 2014)	0.4
" Subsequently, dogs with CHF (n = 12) were treated with atorvastatin at a dosage of 2 mg/kg q24 h for 8 weeks."	( Short-term effects of atorvastatin in normal dogs and dogs with congestive heart failure due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Cunningham, SM; Freeman, LM; Rush, JE, )	0.13
" In this cohort, genotypes associated with statin concentration were not differently distributed among dosing groups, implying providers had not yet optimized each patient's risk-benefit ratio."	( Clinical and pharmacogenetic predictors of circulating atorvastatin and rosuvastatin concentrations in routine clinical care. Choi, YH; DeGorter, MK; Dresser, GK; Hegele, RA; Iwuchukwu, O; Kim, RB; Myers, K; Schwarz, UI; Suskin, N; Tirona, RG; Wei, WQ; Wilke, RA; Zou, G, 2013)	0.39
" In this report, a 66-year old man showing abdominal pain had renal cell carcinoma and history of sunitinib at a dosage of 50 mg/day on a 4-weeks-on, 2-weeks-off schedule."	( [A case of pneumatosis intestinalis associated with sunitinib treatment for renal cell carcinoma]. Choi, YA; Ko, SY; Lee, KE; Park, JC; Park, SY; Seo, MJ; Sim, EH; Yang, YJ, 2013)	0.39
"A total of 54 patients with mRCC were treated with sunitinib malate, 50 mg/d orally, on a 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off dosing schedule in Peking University First Hospital."	( Evaluation of efficacy and safety of sunitinib regimen in 22 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: at least 12-month follow-up. Gong, K; He, ZS; Huang, LH; Jin, J; Li, XS; Shen, C; Song, G; Song, Y; Yu, W; Zhang, CJ; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z; Zhao, J; Zhao, PJ; Zhao, Z; Zhou, LQ, 2013)	0.39
"In this phase I dose-escalation study, patients received oral sunitinib on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule (37."	( Sunitinib combined with pemetrexed and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid malignancies--results of a phase I dose-escalation study. Blais, N; Camidge, DR; Chao, RC; Chow, LQ; Diab, SG; Jonker, DJ; Laurie, SA; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Soulières, D; Thall, A; Zhang, K, 2013)	0.39
" Most of the patients on more potent statins were not advised by their cardiologists to change the type or dosage of statin, which was more common in patients on less potent statins."	( Prevalence and types of persistent dyslipidemia in patients treated with statins. Reiner, Ž; Tedeschi-Reiner, E, 2013)	0.39
" The results were better in patients treated with more potent statins and cardiologists advised them much less frequently to change the type and dosage of statin."	( Prevalence and types of persistent dyslipidemia in patients treated with statins. Reiner, Ž; Tedeschi-Reiner, E, 2013)	0.39
" Prospective investigations of alternate dosing schemas are warranted."	( Clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with alternative sunitinib schedules. Atkinson, BJ; Bathala, T; Corn, P; Jonasch, E; Kalra, S; Tannir, NM; Wang, X, 2014)	0.4
" PK data were obtained from blood and dialyzate (patients with ESRD only) samples prior and subsequent to dosing and/or hemodialysis (patients with ESRD only)."	( Pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib, a janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with impaired renal function and end-stage renal disease. Boy, M; Chan, G; Chow, V; Krishnaswami, S; Wang, C, 2014)	0.4
"The Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) predicts intestinal transporter effects to be clinically insignificant following oral dosing for highly soluble and highly permeable/metabolized drugs (class 1 drugs)."	( Effect of P-glycoprotein on the rat intestinal permeability and metabolism of the BDDCS class 1 drug verapamil. Benet, LZ; Estudante, M; Maya, M; Morais, JG; Soveral, G, 2013)	0.39
" Although sunitinib dosage was decreased to 25mg/day because of adverse events, 21 courses of this treatment were administered, and it took 137 weeks to progress her disease with this sunitinib treatment."	( [A long-term control of gastrointestinal stromal tumor with sunitinib]. Fujiwara, T; Fujiwara, Y; Uno, F, 2013)	0.39
" The pharmacokinetics of saroglitazar support a once daily dosage schedule."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of saroglitazar (ZYH1), a predominantly PPARα agonist with moderate PPARγ agonist activity in healthy human subjects. Jain, MR; Jani, RH; Kansagra, K; Patel, H, 2013)	0.39
" We leveraged electronic medical records (EMRs) to extract potency (ED50) and efficacy (Emax) of statin dose-response curves and tested them for association with 144 preselected variants."	( Characterization of statin dose response in electronic medical records. Berg, RL; Davis, RL; Denny, JC; Feng, Q; Iwuchukwu, OF; Jiang, L; Jiang, M; Krauss, RM; McCarty, CA; Nickerson, DA; Peissig, PL; Roden, DM; Rotter, JI; Waitara, MS; Wei, WQ; Wilke, RA; Xu, H, 2014)	0.4
"Dose-dependent effects were observed between the dosage of n-hexane and 2, 5-hexanedione, and pyrrole adducts in tissues."	( Correlation between levels of 2, 5-hexanedione and pyrrole adducts in tissues of rats exposure to n-hexane for 5-days. Guo, Y; Xie, K; Yin, H; Zeng, T; Zhao, X, 2013)	0.39
"5 mg qd) on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule in treating recurrent advanced NSCLC."	( [Efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel in treating recurrent advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Li, J; Shi, Y; Xing, P, 2013)	0.39
" The proposed method can be used for simultaneous estimation of these drugs in marketed dosage forms."	( RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and pioglitazone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Ammineni, P; Kondreddy, Vk; Mallikarjuna, S; Peraman, R, 2014)	0.4
"5 mg a day for 3 weeks, followed by a 3-week break before beginning the next dosing cycle) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma after the improvement of temsirolimus-induced interstitial pneumonia."	( Sunitinib-related interstitial pneumonia after treatment with temsirolimus: a case of possible recall phenomenon. Ishii, H; Kadota, J; Kushima, H, 2014)	0.4
" The intrinsic dissolution rate and solubility of ATC-NIC were determined along with plasma concentrations of ATC using HPLC after oral dosing in rats."	( Coamorphous atorvastatin calcium to improve its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Ghavimi, H; Hamishekar, H; Jouyban, A; Shayanfar, A, 2013)	0.39
"A critical piece in the translation of preclinical studies to clinical trials is the determination of dosing regimens that allow maximum therapeutic benefit with minimum toxicity."	( Preclinical to clinical translation of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in rheumatoid arthritis. Dowty, ME; Ghosh, S; Jesson, MI; Kishore, N; Krishnaswami, S; Lee, J; Meyer, DM, 2014)	0.4
" The selected compounds differed by the slopes of their dose-response curve: compounds with a slope of 1 (GCV) representing one target or noncooperativity and compounds with high slopes indicating positive cooperativity."	( In vitro combination of anti-cytomegalovirus compounds acting through different targets: role of the slope parameter and insights into mechanisms of Action. Arav-Boger, R; Cai, H; Forman, M; He, R; Kapoor, A; Posner, GH; Venkatadri, R, 2014)	0.4
"To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety, dosage administration, and adverse effects of tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment."	( Tofacitinib: The First Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Bandy, JL; Boyce, EG; O'Dell, KM; Vyas, D, 2013)	0.39
"This prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II trial was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of sunitinib, an oral small-molecule inhibitor of several receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with first recurrence of primary glioblastoma using a continuous once-daily dosing regimen."	( A single-arm phase II Austrian/German multicenter trial on continuous daily sunitinib in primary glioblastoma at first recurrence (SURGE 01-07). Buchroithner, J; Capper, D; Embacher, S; Gotwald, T; Haybaeck, J; Herrlinger, U; Holzner, B; Hutterer, M; Marosi, C; Moik, M; Nowosielski, M; Oberndorfer, S; Preusser, M; Seiz, M; Stockhammer, F; Stockhammer, G; Tuettenberg, J; Vajkoczy, P; Wick, A, 2014)	0.4
" Patients were monitored for 5 years, during which time they received regular visits with the opportunity to increase their dosage if they were above their LDL-C goal."	( Impact of switching treatment from rosuvastatin to atorvastatin on rates of cardiovascular events. Andy Schuetz, C; Folse, H; Gandhi, S; Rengarajan, B; Sternhufvud, C, 2014)	0.4
" Additional studies with multiple dosing of both drugs are needed to further determine the clinical implications of these results."	( Effect of steady-state atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of colchicine in healthy adults under fasted conditions. Davis, MW; Wason, S, 2014)	0.4
" Patients in treatment arm 1 (non-ritonavir HAART) received standard sunitinib dosing (50 mg/day)."	( A phase 1/pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with cancer: AIDS Malignancy Consortium trial AMC 061. Aboulafia, D; Cianfrocca, ME; Deeken, JF; Dezube, BJ; Dowlati, A; Gerecitano, J; Haigentz, M; Henry, DH; Ivy, SP; Little, RF; Mitsuyasu, RT; Moore, PC; Ratner, L; Rudek, MA; Sullivan, R, 2014)	0.4
"Patients receiving non-ritonavir-based HAART regimens tolerated standard dosing of sunitinib."	( A phase 1/pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with cancer: AIDS Malignancy Consortium trial AMC 061. Aboulafia, D; Cianfrocca, ME; Deeken, JF; Dezube, BJ; Dowlati, A; Gerecitano, J; Haigentz, M; Henry, DH; Ivy, SP; Little, RF; Mitsuyasu, RT; Moore, PC; Ratner, L; Rudek, MA; Sullivan, R, 2014)	0.4
"Poor tolerability to sunitinib with the standard dosing schedule has become an issue."	( Superior tolerability of altered dosing schedule of sunitinib with 2-weeks-on and 1-week-off in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma--comparison to standard dosing schedule of 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off. Hashimoto, Y; Iizuka, J; Ikezawa, E; Kobayashi, H; Kondo, T; Nozaki, T; Omae, K; Takagi, T; Tanabe, K; Yoshida, K, 2014)	0.4
"Alteration in dosing schedule of sunitinib with 2-weeks-on and 1-week-off showed a lower incidence of dose interruption and a similar oncological outcome compared with the standard dosing schedule of 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off."	( Superior tolerability of altered dosing schedule of sunitinib with 2-weeks-on and 1-week-off in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma--comparison to standard dosing schedule of 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off. Hashimoto, Y; Iizuka, J; Ikezawa, E; Kobayashi, H; Kondo, T; Nozaki, T; Omae, K; Takagi, T; Tanabe, K; Yoshida, K, 2014)	0.4
" Chronic dimiracetam dosing in the MIA and ART- induced models completely reverted hyperalgesia back to the level of healthy controls."	( Broad spectrum and prolonged efficacy of dimiracetam in models of neuropathic pain. Bonanno, G; Di Cesare Mannelli, L; Fariello, RG; Farina, C; Ghelardini, C; Milanese, M; Misiano, P; Pittaluga, A, 2014)	0.4
" Maintaining adequate dosing and drug levels are essential for optimising clinical efficacy."	( A 2 weeks on and 1 week off schedule of sunitinib is associated with decreased toxicity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Dreicer, R; Elson, P; Garcia, JA; Mittal, K; Najjar, YG; Rini, BI; Wood, L, 2014)	0.4
" Observed effect sizes are below the interindividual variability in clearance and are therefore too limited to directly guide individual dosing of sunitinib."	( Association analysis of genetic polymorphisms in genes related to sunitinib pharmacokinetics, specifically clearance of sunitinib and SU12662. Diekstra, MH; Gelderblom, H; Gurney, H; Huitema, AD; Kloth, JS; Klümpen, HJ; Lolkema, MP; Mathijssen, RH; Steeghs, N; Swen, JJ; van Schaik, RH; Yu, H, 2014)	0.4
" donovani in the BALB/c mouse model of infection; dosing on days 7-11 with a 50 mg/kg oral dose of sunitinib, lapatinib or sorafenib reduced liver amastigote burdens by 41%, 36% and 30%, respectively, compared with untreated control mice."	( Activity of anti-cancer protein kinase inhibitors against Leishmania spp. Croft, SL; Sanderson, L; Yardley, V, 2014)	0.4
" These data suggest that modeling of dose-response relationships may be useful in predicting clinical equivalence, lowering cost/timelines through effective powering of studies, and predicting the effectiveness of new dosage formulations without the need for additional clinical efficacy trials in regulatory settings."	( Prediction of clinical irrelevance of PK differences in atorvastatin using PK/PD models derived from literature-based meta-analyses. Adewale, A; Behm, MO; Kerbusch, T; Mandema, J; Vargo, R, 2014)	0.4
" The developed methods were applied for simultaneous analysis of aspirin, atorvastatin and clopedogrel in capsule dosage forms and results were in good concordance with alternative liquid chromatography."	( Comparative study of three modified numerical spectrophotometric methods: an application on pharmaceutical ternary mixture of aspirin, atorvastatin and clopedogrel. Hegazy, ND; Issa, MM; Nejem, RM; Shanab, AA; Stefan-van Staden, RI, 2014)	0.4
"While maintaining a standard toceranib dosage [2."	( Safety evaluation of combination CCNU and continuous toceranib phosphate (Palladia(®) ) in tumour-bearing dogs: a phase I dose-finding study. Kurzman, ID; Pan, X; Tsimbas, K; Vail, DM, 2016)	0.43
" Therefore, a pharmacokinetic (PK) study was performed to determine safety and feasibility of sunitinib dosing based on PK levels."	( Pharmacokinetically guided sunitinib dosing: a feasibility study in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; Cirkel, GA; de Jonge, MJ; Gadellaa-van Hooijdonk, CG; Haanen, JB; Huitema, AD; Kloth, JS; Lankheet, NA; Lolkema, MP; Mathijssen, RH; Schellens, JH; Sleijfer, S; Steeghs, N; Voest, EE, 2014)	0.4
" This could be the basis for future studies and the implementation of a PK-guided dosing strategy in clinical practice."	( Pharmacokinetically guided sunitinib dosing: a feasibility study in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; Cirkel, GA; de Jonge, MJ; Gadellaa-van Hooijdonk, CG; Haanen, JB; Huitema, AD; Kloth, JS; Lankheet, NA; Lolkema, MP; Mathijssen, RH; Schellens, JH; Sleijfer, S; Steeghs, N; Voest, EE, 2014)	0.4
" One hundred and twenty patients received sunitinib in a dosage of 50 mg orally once daily on a 4-2 schedule (4 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off), while 21 patients received 37."	( Efficacy of sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: initial experience in two Chinese centers. Fu, W; Guo, G; He, Z; Jin, J; Li, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, X; Zhou, L, 2014)	0.4
" Initially, 50 mg of sunitinib was administered once daily on a 4 weeks on, followed by 2 weeks off dosing schedule; however, dose modification was required in 102 patients, and the relative dose intensity was 62."	( Assessment of efficacy, safety and quality of life of 110 patients treated with sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: experience in real-world clinical practice in Japan. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Miyake, H; Miyazaki, A, 2014)	0.4
" The only pharmacologically mediated changes observed during the dosing period were the anticipated changes in circulating cholesterol."	( Combined administration of RG7652, a recombinant human monoclonal antibody against PCSK9, and atorvastatin does not result in reduction of immune function. Baruch, A; Chilton, J; Erwin, R; Forrest, AS; Gelzleichter, TR; Halpern, W; Leabman, M; Peng, K; Satterwhite, CM; Stevens, D, 2014)	0.4
" This new modified regimen may lead to a reduction in adverse events for treatment of patients with metastatic RCC as a substitute for the standard dosing regimen of sunitinib."	( [The safety and efficacy of sunitinib using a modified regimen (2 weeks on/1 week off) for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma]. Go, S; Hanasaki, T; Hashimoto, T; Higuchi, Y; Ito, N; Kanamaru, S; Kanematsu, A; Kawakita, M; Kono, Y; Makino, Y; Matsumoto, K; Nagasawa, S; Nakanishi, Y; Nojima, M; Shimatani, K; Shimizu, Y; Shiraishi, Y; Suzuki, T; Taoka, R; Togo, Y; Tsuchihashi, K; Utsunomiya, N; Yamamoto, S; Yo, T, 2014)	0.4
" The PPy/Fe3O4 capsule shell used as a support was constructed in one-step, which not only dramatically simplified the preparation process, but also easily controlled the magnetic properties of the catalysts through adjusting the dosage of FeCl2·4H2O."	( A simple way to prepare Au@polypyrrole/Fe3O4 hollow capsules with high stability and their application in catalytic reduction of methylene blue dye. Cui, F; Cui, T; Wang, H; Wu, J; Xu, L; Yao, T, 2014)	0.4
" The MTD was found to be continuous dosing of lenalidomide 10 mg/day plus sunitinib 37."	( A phase I/II study of lenalidomide in combination with sunitinib in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Beck, R; Burris, HA; Fandi, A; Garcia, JA; Infante, JR; Jungnelius, U; Li, S; Redman, B; Rini, B, 2014)	0.4
" Among sunitinib-treated patients, many were able to resume sunitinib dosing following resolution of events, a finding that is important for clinical care."	( Cardiovascular events among 1090 cancer patients treated with sunitinib, interferon, or placebo: a comprehensive adjudicated database analysis demonstrating clinically meaningful reversibility of cardiac events. Breazna, A; Demetri, GD; Ewer, MS; Lenihan, DJ; Motzer, RJ; Niculescu, L; Suter, TM, 2014)	0.4
" However, the intolerant side effects at conventional effective dosage limit the clinical use of lithium in treating AD."	( Beneficial synergistic effects of microdose lithium with pyrroloquinoline quinone in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Fang, Q; Fei, G; Gong, N; Jin, L; Liu, M; Pan, X; Sang, S; Sun, X; Xu, T; Yu, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, N; Zhong, C, 2014)	0.4
" A planned analysis of item "I feel fatigued" demonstrated that the mean absolute slope was greater in Schedule 4/2 compared to continuous dosing (0."	( Fatigue in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving sunitinib on an intermittent versus continuous dosing schedule in a randomized phase II trial. Beaumont, JL; Bhattacharyya, H; Cella, D; Hahn, EA; Jensen, SE; Korytowsky, B; Motzer, R, 2014)	0.4
" Dose-response relationships and association with inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)) were explored using Phase 2 data and confirmed with Phase 3 data."	( Changes in serum creatinine in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib: results from clinical trials. Boy, MG; Hutmacher, MM; Isaacs, JD; Kowalski, K; Krishnaswami, S; Lan, S; Menon, S; Nduaka, C; Riese, R; Zuckerman, A, 2014)	0.4
"5 mg/day continuous dosing (n = 146)."	( Investigation of novel circulating proteins, germ line single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and molecular tumor markers as potential efficacy biomarkers of first-line sunitinib therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. English, PA; Figlin, RA; Huang, X; Hudes, GR; Hutson, TE; Martini, JF; Motzer, RJ; Valota, O; Williams, JA, 2014)	0.4
"This retrospective study by McKesson Specialty Health (MSH)/US Oncology Network (USON) evaluates dosing patterns of first-line sunitinib for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) and its association with toxicities and clinical outcomes in community practices."	( Dosing patterns, toxicity, and outcomes in patients treated with first-line sunitinib for advanced renal cell carcinoma in community-based practices. Chung, H; Dhanda, R; Forsyth, M; Halm, M; Hutson, TE; Schnadig, ID; Vogelzang, NJ, 2014)	0.4
" Cultures were treated with a therapeutic dosage of 5 commonly used statins: CEL, ATV + CEL, PGE2, and a selective antagonist of PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4)."	( Statins enhance rotator cuff healing by stimulating the COX2/PGE2/EP4 pathway: an in vivo and in vitro study. Brosh, T; Chechik, O; Dolkart, O; Gabet, Y; Liron, T; Maman, E; Somjen, D, 2014)	0.4
" Our results may help to individualise sunitinib dosing during therapy based on these common sunitinib-related AEs."	( Sunitinib-induced hypertension, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia as predictors of good prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Bono, P; Donskov, F; Joensuu, H; Peltola, K; Rautiola, J, 2016)	0.43
" The flexibility of the alirocumab dosing regimen allows for individualized therapy based on the degree of LDL-C reduction required to achieve the desired LDL-C level."	( Efficacy and safety of alirocumab as add-on therapy in high-cardiovascular-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia not adequately controlled with atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg) or rosuvastatin (10 or 20 mg): design and rationale of the ODYSSEY OPTIONS Studies Bays, HE; Colhoun, HM; Donahue, S; Du, Y; Hanotin, C; Jones, PH; Robinson, JG, 2014)	0.4
" The recent approval of sunitinib for the management of advanced pNET is based on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule that differs from the intermittent 4weeks on/2weeks off (4/2) schedule approved for sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)."	( Practical management of sunitinib toxicities in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Faivre, S; Grande, E; Hubner, RA; Raymond, E; Valle, JW, 2014)	0.4
"To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of three statin dosing schemes in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) perspective."	( Cost-effectiveness of high, moderate and low-dose statins in the prevention of vascular events in the Brazilian public health system. Duncan, BB; Polanczyk, CA; Restelatto, LM; Ribeiro, RA; Stella, SF; Vieira, JL; Ziegelmann, PK, 2015)	0.42
" Additionally, a 3% annual discount rate was applied to costs, and the robustness of the model results was tested by conducting sensitivity analyses, including those on dosing scheme and post-progression treatment costs."	( Lifetime cost of everolimus vs axitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who failed prior sunitinib therapy in the US. Casciano, R; Chua, A; Culver, K; Garrison, LP; Gorritz, M; Liu, Z; Pal, S; Perrin, A; Sherman, S; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
" After standard approval, optimal dosing and use in the adjuvant setting were further explored."	( Sunitinib as a paradigm for tyrosine kinase inhibitor development for renal cell carcinoma. Lee, CH; Motzer, RJ, 2015)	0.42
"To explore multiple potential dosing pairs of S and T, a 2-stage outcome-adaptive Bayesian dose-finding method was designed."	( Phase I trial of sunitinib and temsirolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Altinmakas, E; Aparicio, A; Campbell, MT; Corn, PG; Millikan, RE; Siefker-Radtke, AO; Tannir, NM; Wen, SJ; Xiao, L, 2015)	0.42
"An attenuated dosing (AD) regimen of 37."	( Association of drug exposure with toxicity and clinical response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients receiving an attenuated dosing regimen of sunitinib. Chan, A; Chau, NM; Chue, XP; Ho, HK; Kanesvaran, R; Tan, MH; Teo, YL; Wee, HL, 2015)	0.42
" We could show variability in plasma levels according to changes in dosage of TKIs or during treatment-free intervals."	( [Metastasized renal cell carcinoma. Measurement of plasma levels of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib and pazopanib]. Götze, L; Hegele, A; Hofmann, R; Keil, C; Nockher, WA; Olbert, P, 2015)	0.42
" The injection is administered intravenously,with most patients receiving a dosage of 15-20 mL per dose for between 1 and 14 days."	( [Analysis of clinical use of shuxuening injection in treatment of cerebral infarction based on real world]. Luo, YH; Wang, YY; Xie, YM; Yang, W; You, L; Zhuang, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Efficacy and safety outcomes of these patients were compared against those who received sunitinib at conventional dosing (n = 33) at all 4 centers."	( Efficacy and Safety of an Attenuated-Dose Sunitinib Regimen in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From a Prospective Registry in Singapore. Chan, A; Chau, NM; Hong, YW; Kanesvaran, R; Li, H; Lopes, G; Ng, QS; Tan, HS; Tan, MH; Tang, T; Tay, MH; Toh, CK; Wong, A; Yao, X, 2015)	0.42
" We report three cases of mRCC in whom continuous daily dosing and dose escalation were evaluated."	( Clinical experience with sunitinib dose escalation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Broom, RJ; Fong, PC; Mitchell, N, 2015)	0.42
" We report a case of poor-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma, with Von Hippel-Lindau loss of function, which achieved and maintained a complete remission after first-line therapy with sunitinib by using a reduced dosage and a modified schedule of treatment."	( Complete remission with sunitinib in a poor-risk patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the fine balance between toxicity and efficacy. Artibani, W; Bimbatti, D; Brunelli, M; Ciccarese, C; Fantinel, E; Martignoni, G; Massari, F; Modena, A; Scarpa, A; Simbolo, M; Tortora, G, 2015)	0.42
"Imatinib-resistant/intolerant patients with advanced GIST received sunitinib on an initial dosing schedule of 50 mg daily in 6-week cycles (4 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off treatment)."	( Clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: safety and efficacy in a worldwide treatment-use trial of sunitinib. Biasco, G; Chen, L; Demetri, GD; Fly, K; Fumagalli, E; Gelderblom, H; Hurwitz, HI; Kaiser, PE; Kang, YK; Lechuga, MJ; Matczak, E; Reichardt, P; Rosen, LS; Rutkowski, P; Schuette, J; Seddon, B; Williams, CC; Yalcin, S, 2015)	0.42
" Patients for whom the initial dosing schedule was modified exhibited longer median OS (23."	( Clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: safety and efficacy in a worldwide treatment-use trial of sunitinib. Biasco, G; Chen, L; Demetri, GD; Fly, K; Fumagalli, E; Gelderblom, H; Hurwitz, HI; Kaiser, PE; Kang, YK; Lechuga, MJ; Matczak, E; Reichardt, P; Rosen, LS; Rutkowski, P; Schuette, J; Seddon, B; Williams, CC; Yalcin, S, 2015)	0.42
"We performed studies in male FVB-mice aged 8-12 weeks, treated with single-dose sunitinib at six dosing times."	( Relationship Between Sunitinib Pharmacokinetics and Administration Time: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Binkhorst, L; Burger, H; Chaves, I; de Bruijn, P; de Wit, AS; Hamberg, P; Kloth, JS; Lam, MH; Mathijssen, RH; van der Horst, GT; Wiemer, EA, 2015)	0.42
" The AUC was not significantly different between dosing times."	( Relationship Between Sunitinib Pharmacokinetics and Administration Time: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Binkhorst, L; Burger, H; Chaves, I; de Bruijn, P; de Wit, AS; Hamberg, P; Kloth, JS; Lam, MH; Mathijssen, RH; van der Horst, GT; Wiemer, EA, 2015)	0.42
" In humans, morning dosing resulted in lower C trough values, probably resulting from differences in elimination."	( Relationship Between Sunitinib Pharmacokinetics and Administration Time: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Binkhorst, L; Burger, H; Chaves, I; de Bruijn, P; de Wit, AS; Hamberg, P; Kloth, JS; Lam, MH; Mathijssen, RH; van der Horst, GT; Wiemer, EA, 2015)	0.42
"The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of changes from the standard dosing schedule of sunitinib, which is 4 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks off (schedule 4/2), to an alternative schedule with 2 weeks of treatment and 1 week off (schedule 2/1), after encountering dose-limiting toxicity in 45 consecutive Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)."	( Improved health-related quality of life of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with a 2 weeks on and 1 week off schedule of sunitinib. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Miyake, H; Miyazaki, A, 2015)	0.42
"TAK-438 in multiple rising oral dose levels of 10-40 mg once daily for 7 days was safe and well tolerated in healthy men and caused rapid, profound and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion throughout each 24-h dosing interval."	( Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of TAK-438 (vonoprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Ashida, K; Hibberd, M; Jenkins, H; Jenkins, R; Nishimura, A; Ogama, Y; Okamoto, H; Sakurai, Y; Warrington, S; Yoneyama, T, 2015)	0.42
" The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model created successfully described the time course of sunitinib-induced thrombocytopenia and could predict changes in platelet counts after alterations to the dosage of sunitinib administered."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of sunitinib-induced thrombocytopenia in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma. Fujii, Y; Ishiwata, Y; Kihara, K; Nagata, M; Saito, K; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, Y; Yasuhara, M, 2015)	0.42
" Log dose-response data from both trial designs revealed linear dose-related effects on blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides."	( Lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. Adams, SP; Tsang, M; Wright, JM, 2015)	0.42
" When dosed orally in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an exemplary compound showed significant lowering of Tau phosphorylation at one of the GSK-3 phosphorylating sites, Ser396."	( Discovery of new acylaminopyridines as GSK-3 inhibitors by a structure guided in-depth exploration of chemical space around a pyrrolopyridinone core. Ahmed, N; Baldwin, ET; Burton, CR; Civiello, RL; Dubowchik, GM; Han, X; Jacutin-Porte, S; Kish, K; Krause, CM; Langley, DR; Lewis, HA; Lippy, JS; Macor, JE; Newitt, JA; Nophsker, M; Park, H; Pokross, M; Sivaprakasam, P; Szapiel, N; Xiao, H, 2015)	0.42
"To assess the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib dosing schedule of 2 weeks on and 1 week off (schedule 2/1) vs."	( Sunitinib dosing schedule 2/1 improves tolerability, efficacy, and health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Chen, L; Cui, X; Gan, S; Hong, Y; Huang, H; Huang, Y; Li, L; Liu, B; Pan, X; Xu, D; Ye, J; Zhou, Q, 2015)	0.42
" Overall, 3 groups of patients were studied according to the dosing schedule they received: schedule 4/2 (n = 50), transitional schedule 2/1 (T2/1; patients switched from schedule 4/2 to 2/1; n = 26), and initial schedule 2/1 (I2/1; n = 32)."	( Sunitinib dosing schedule 2/1 improves tolerability, efficacy, and health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Chen, L; Cui, X; Gan, S; Hong, Y; Huang, H; Huang, Y; Li, L; Liu, B; Pan, X; Xu, D; Ye, J; Zhou, Q, 2015)	0.42
"Treatment with sunitinib 50mg daily using a 2/1 dosing schedule can provide better tolerability and a longer PFS with better HRQoL in Chinese patients with mRCC than the traditional schedule 4/2."	( Sunitinib dosing schedule 2/1 improves tolerability, efficacy, and health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Chen, L; Cui, X; Gan, S; Hong, Y; Huang, H; Huang, Y; Li, L; Liu, B; Pan, X; Xu, D; Ye, J; Zhou, Q, 2015)	0.42
"A number of clinical trials have shown that patients with overt atherovascular disease may benefit from more aggressive dosage of statins."	( [In what extend we can reach the current LDL-cholesterol treatment goals in secondary prevention]. Bruthans, J; Mayer, O, 2015)	0.42
"Although the majority of CHD patients are currently being treated with statin, the usual dosage regimen and adherence to the recommended target values were not consistent with current therapeutic standards for secondary prevention of CHD."	( [In what extend we can reach the current LDL-cholesterol treatment goals in secondary prevention]. Bruthans, J; Mayer, O, 2015)	0.42
" Current immunosuppression protocols include a combination of calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, and antiproliferative agents (most commonly mycophenolate mofetil), with or without different dosing regimens of corticosteroids."	( Current State of Immunosuppression: Past, Present, and Future. Karam, S; Wali, RK, 2015)	0.42
"Intermittent dosing of inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR network offers the potential to maximize the therapeutic margin."	( Validation of a predictive modeling approach to demonstrate the relative efficacy of three different schedules of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363. Cheng, J; D'Cruz, C; Davies, BR; Dudley, P; Yates, JW, 2015)	0.42
"A mathematical model of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and anti-tumor effect was constructed based upon experimental data from dosing regimens that give constant and transient inhibition of the AKT pathway."	( Validation of a predictive modeling approach to demonstrate the relative efficacy of three different schedules of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363. Cheng, J; D'Cruz, C; Davies, BR; Dudley, P; Yates, JW, 2015)	0.42
"Continuous and intermittent dosing of AZD5363 inhibited growth of BT474c xenografts and caused dose- and time-dependent inhibition of AKT substrate phosphorylation."	( Validation of a predictive modeling approach to demonstrate the relative efficacy of three different schedules of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363. Cheng, J; D'Cruz, C; Davies, BR; Dudley, P; Yates, JW, 2015)	0.42
"Equivalent anti-tumor activity to continuous dosing can be achieved at modestly increased intermittent doses of AZD5363."	( Validation of a predictive modeling approach to demonstrate the relative efficacy of three different schedules of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363. Cheng, J; D'Cruz, C; Davies, BR; Dudley, P; Yates, JW, 2015)	0.42
" To determine whether inhibition of HER2 could increase the efficacy of AZD5363, a novel AKT inhibitor, a panel of breast cancer cells was dosed with AZD5363 in combination with AZD8931, an inhibitor of EGFR/HER2/HER3 signalling."	( Combining AZD8931, a novel EGFR/HER2/HER3 signalling inhibitor, with AZD5363 limits AKT inhibitor induced feedback and enhances antitumour efficacy in HER2-amplified breast cancer models. Crafter, C; Davies, BR; Dudley, P; James, NH; Klinowska, T; Tang, E; Vincent, JP, 2015)	0.42
" The first 3 patients were enrolled onto a 4 + 2 dosing schedule of daily sunitinib 50 mg and weekly everolimus 30 mg."	( A Single-Arm Phase 1b Study of Everolimus and Sunitinib in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Armstrong, AJ; George, DJ; Kanesvaran, R; Turnbull, JD; Watt, K; Wolkowiez, MC, 2015)	0.42
"5 mg continuous daily dosing of sunitinib."	( FDG and FLT-PET for Early measurement of response to 37.5 mg daily sunitinib therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Agarwal, N; Beardmore, B; Boucher, K; Butterfield, RI; Hoffman, JM; Horn, KP; Kadrmas, DJ; Morton, KA; Yap, JT, 2015)	0.42
"The standard sunitinib schedule, 4 weeks on, followed by 2 weeks off (4/2 schedule), is associated with troublesome toxicities, and maintenance of adequate sunitinib dosing and drug levels, which are essential for achieving an optimal treatment outcome, is challenging."	( RandomizEd phase II trial of Sunitinib four weeks on and two weeks off versus Two weeks on and One week off in metastatic clear-cell type REnal cell carcinoma: RESTORE trial. Ahn, H; Ahn, JH; Hong, B; Hong, JH; Kim, MK; Lee, DH; Lee, JL; Park, I; Ryoo, HM; Song, C, 2015)	0.42
" Pooled effect sizes for specific malignancies did not show apparent relationships with effect sizes in clinical trials, and we were unable to detect dose-response relationships."	( A meta-analysis of threats to valid clinical inference in preclinical research of sunitinib. Demko, N; Federico, CA; Fergusson, D; Hakala, A; Henderson, VC; Kimmelman, J; MacKinnon, N, 2015)	0.42
"To investigate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) on a 2 weeks on/1 week off intermittent dosing schedule."	( [A pilot study of sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma on a 2 weeks on/1 week off intermittent dosing schedule]. Chi, Z; Cui, C; Guo, J; Li, S; Lian, B; Mao, L; Sheng, X; Si, L; Tang, B; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
"Sunitinib on an intermittent dosing schedule 2 weeks on /1 week off as first-line therapy for mRCC patients shows a good efficacy and tolerance, with less grade 3-4 drug-related toxicities and a tendency of prolonged PFS in mRCC patients."	( [A pilot study of sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma on a 2 weeks on/1 week off intermittent dosing schedule]. Chi, Z; Cui, C; Guo, J; Li, S; Lian, B; Mao, L; Sheng, X; Si, L; Tang, B; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
" The superior efficacy of the peptide-drug conjugate was also attributed to the finding that higher amounts of SAN1 were delivered to the tumor site (∼4-fold) following dosing of SAN1GSC compared with equimolar amounts of nonconjugated SAN1."	( Peptide-Drug Conjugate GnRH-Sunitinib Targets Angiogenesis Selectively at the Site of Action to Inhibit Tumor Growth. Argyros, O; Asvos, X; Davos, CH; Fokas, D; Karampelas, T; Papakyriakou, A; Sayyad, N; Tamvakopoulos, C; Tzakos, AG; Varela, A, 2016)	0.43
"To describe dosing patterns and to compare the drug costs per month spent in progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) treated with everolimus or axitinib following a first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)."	( Real-world dosing and drug costs with everolimus or axitinib as second targeted therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective chart review in the US. Jonasch, E; Li, N; Liu, Z; Pal, SK; Perez, JR; Reichmann, WM; Signorovitch, JE; Vogelzang, NJ, 2016)	0.43

Class	Description
pyrrole	A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.
secondary amine	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID23443	Partition coefficient (logP)	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	Use of physicochemical parameters in distance geometry and related three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships: a demonstration using Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.
AID701844	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	Mitigating heterocycle metabolism in drug discovery.
AID213129	Inhibition of Thromboxane synthetase at 100 uM	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 24, Issue:10	Highly selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase. 2. Pyridine derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2322 (9.17)	18.7374
1990's	1985 (7.84)	18.2507
2000's	7658 (30.23)	29.6817
2010's	11104 (43.84)	24.3611
2020's	2261 (8.93)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2,815 (10.77%)	5.53%
Reviews	1,945 (7.44%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1,015 (3.88%)	4.05%
Observational	61 (0.23%)	0.25%
Other	20,293 (77.66%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
monoisopropanolamine monoisopropanolamine: possible industrial pollutant; structure. 1-aminopropan-2-ol : Any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.39	2	0	amino alcohol; secondary alcohol	Escherichia coli metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	1.95	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group.	2.38	2	0	chloroethanol	xenobiotic metabolite
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	1.98	1	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
alpha-ketoadipic acid 2-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	5.09	1	1	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-chloroalanine 3-chloroalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-chloroalanine : A chloroalanine obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a chloro group.	2.02	1	0	chloroalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound
3-hydroxykynurenine 3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.	2.48	2	0	hydroxykynurenine	human metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	2.01	1	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	3.12	5	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
4-aminobutyraldehyde 4-aminobutanal : An omega-aminoaldehyde that is butanal in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	2.95	4	0	aminobutanal; omega-aminoaldehyde	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	6.36	50	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	7.43	42	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid 5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.	1.93	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	human metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.88	4	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	4.99	2	1	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	9.38	20	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	3.49	8	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.17	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	4.13	16	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	11.65	67	4	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	4.91	36	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2.92	4	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	2.46	2	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.36	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	4.47	8	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	3.39	7	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	4.49	23	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	4.95	11	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.1	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.67	3	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	aryl phosphate
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	4.4	21	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.62	9	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	3.14	5	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	13.85	51	1	amino-acid anion
carbamic acid carbamic acid : A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.	2.03	1	0	carbon oxoacid; one-carbon compound; organonitrogen compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	6.2	17	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.94	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
carnitine [no description available]	5.02	3	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	3.11	5	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	15.57	187	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarboxylic acid; haloacetic acid	alkylating agent; herbicide
choline [no description available]	4.3	19	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.73	3	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	8.12	74	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	5.48	12	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	4.28	5	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-vinylguaiacol 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol: a germination inhibitor; also an odorant in green tea; structure in first source. 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group.	2.08	1	0	phenols	flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	4.79	11	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	1.96	1	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.75	3	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	4.38	20	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	3.55	8	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
2-butynedioic acid 2-butynedioic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. butynedioic acid : An acetylenic compound that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by carboxy groups.	2.17	1	0	acetylenic compound; C4-dicarboxylic acid
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.13	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	7.8	11	1	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.07	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
nornicotine nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure	1.93	1	0
trimethylenediamine trimethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a propane skeleton with amino substituents at positions 1 and 3.	2.25	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; reagent
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
3-chlorobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	monochlorobenzoic acid	drug metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	3.46	7	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.45	2	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.	1.99	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.	1.95	1	0	omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.25	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	6.33	8	5	alpha-amino acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.7	3	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	3.3	6	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.94	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	5.57	5	1	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	12.59	25	1	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.97	35	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2.71	3	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	2.1	1	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	2.44	2	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethylamine [no description available]	3.12	1	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	7.51	39	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	9.62	27	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	2.08	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
glycine [no description available]	12.53	112	17	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.04	1	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	7.08	25	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	1.94	1	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	2.02	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	2.06	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	2.44	2	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.24	6	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.86	3	0
histamine [no description available]	8.94	60	2	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
thiocyanic acid thiocyanic acid : A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom.	2.01	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	9.11	65	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.86	3	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.44	2	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
hydroxymethylbilane [no description available]	2.71	3	0	bilanes	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	14.77	118	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	5.81	28	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indole-3-acetaldehyde indoleacetaldehyde : An aldehyde that is acetaldehyde substituted by an indolyl group.. indol-3-ylacetaldehyde : An indoleacetaldehyde that is acetaldehyde in which one of the methyl hydrogens are replaced by a indol-3-yl group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of tryptophan.	1.94	1	0	indoleacetaldehyde	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.17	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	9.86	39	3	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	4.8	10	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.92	4	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	2.95	4	0	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
lactaldehyde lactaldehyde : A member of the class of propanals obtained by the reduction of the carboxylic group of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid).	1.94	1	0	hydroxyaldehyde; propanals	mouse metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.49	2	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	3.14	5	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	5.43	13	1	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	5.14	45	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	3.2	5	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	4.34	6	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	6.42	7	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.5	2	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
naphthalene [no description available]	2.5	2	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	14.37	61	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	23.61	771	42	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	14.56	50	17	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	8.76	47	2	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.71	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	8.7	8	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	9.05	46	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	2.76	3	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.77	3	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.99	4	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	3.45	2	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	3.35	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.17	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	2.38	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	3.11	5	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	3.28	6	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.69	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.51	2	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.04	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	3.76	10	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	1.94	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetaldehyde [no description available]	2.44	2	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; phenylacetaldehydes	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	8.95	12	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	1.95	1	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	8.53	7	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.	2.46	2	0	phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound	algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.94	4	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.04	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen [no description available]	6.67	44	0	aralkylamino compound; dicarboxylic acid; pyrroles	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	1.94	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	3.09	5	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.03	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.83	4	2	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	4.22	6	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	4.78	10	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	3.6	9	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	4.17	17	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	4.65	8	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	6.43	32	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	2.41	2	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	3.46	8	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	4.21	5	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	4.31	4	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	3.31	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	3.41	7	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.75	3	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	3.75	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	1.95	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	2.47	2	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.21	1	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	6.47	14	1	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	4.69	9	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	3.22	6	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.68	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.98	4	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
taurine [no description available]	3.12	5	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	4.83	4	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-mercaptoacetate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	sulfur-containing carboxylic acid
thymine [no description available]	6.57	15	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	9.25	18	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	3.87	2	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	8.84	11	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	6.59	9	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	12.14	52	11	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	14.53	70	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.	5.3	10	0	uroporphyrinogen	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.81	3	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	4.06	14	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	3.12	5	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	2.72	3	0	benzazepine
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin 7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.4	7	0	tetralins
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	4.65	27	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.43	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
sk&f 82958 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzazepine
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	2.71	3	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	3.12	5	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	2.38	2	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	3.41	7	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	1.94	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.07	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.15	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
atrolactic acid atrolactic acid: see also 3-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.03	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	2.74	3	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets	2.9	1	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.69	3	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	2.69	3	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide 1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist	2.42	2	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.68	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	2.97	4	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	6.69	20	3	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	3.83	11	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	6.66	40	0	imidazoles
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2.01	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
pd 173074 [no description available]	3.66	9	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; dimethoxybenzene; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.42	2	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.	2.39	2	0	acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	3.74	10	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	3.41	7	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.06	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.69	3	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	3.04	5	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist	2.69	3	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
monomethylpropion monomethylpropion: metabolite of dimethylpropion; structure given in first source. 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which the hydrogen alpha- to the keto group has been replaced by a methylamino group.. methcathinone : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-methcathinone.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary amino compound
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate: inhibits phospholipase C and serine esterases; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	2.77	3	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.76	3	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.96	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	1.97	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.76	3	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole: a CK2 kinase inhibitor	2.11	1	0
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	2	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	5.65	25	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2.06	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.44	2	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	4.98	12	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	5.54	6	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
win 52035 Win 52035: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether
win 52084 Win 52084: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 7/89	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether
dansyl acid dansyl acid: fluorescent probe	2.01	1	0
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
5-carboxamidotryptamine 5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source	3.38	7	0	tryptamines
5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd	3.08	5	0	medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	3.13	5	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.1	1	0
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	2.68	3	0
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	5.3	3	1	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	1.98	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ro 48-8071 Ro 48-8071: a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor; structure in first source. Ro 48-8071 : An aromatic ketone that is 2-fluoro-4'-bromobenzophenone in which the hydrogen at position 4 (meta to the fluoro group) is replaced by a 6-[methyl(prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]hexyl}oxy group. An inhibitor of lanosterol synthase.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; bromobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; olefinic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.4.99.7 (lanosterol synthase) inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.7	3	0	monoazo compound
acemetacin acemetacin : A carboxylic ester that is the carboxymethyl ester of indometacin. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, as well as for postoperative pain and inflammation. Its activity is due to both acemetacin and its major metabolite, indometacin.	3.34	1	1	carboxylic ester; indol-3-yl carboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	8.92	28	9	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	3.77	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acridone acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.	2.21	1	0	acridines; cyclic ketone
tyrphostin ag 1024 tyrphostin AG 1024: modulates radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells; also an IGF1 receptor inhibitor	2.44	2	0	alkylbenzene
ag-1296 6,7-dimethoxy-3-phenylquinoxaline: ATP-competitive inhibitor of receptor kinase	2.75	3	0	quinoxaline derivative
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	5.82	22	1	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	4.25	5	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alpha-methylserotonin alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.03	1	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.49	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amfonelic acid amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant	1.96	1	0
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.02	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	3.04	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	4.53	7	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	3.81	2	1	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	4.66	28	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.44	2	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	4.3	4	1	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	17.45	125	41	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.77	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.4	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
antazoline Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amine; imidazolines; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
9-anthroic acid 9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.	2.25	1	0	anthroic acid
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	5.38	4	1	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	2	1	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.95	4	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.01	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	17.71	160	52	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	5.99	14	2	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	2.97	4	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	4.66	8	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	2.03	1	0	azobenzenes
azepexole [no description available]	1.97	1	0
baclofen [no description available]	3.52	8	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	4.88	35	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	4.1	4	0	benzamides
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.31	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzethonium Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.	2.11	1	0	alkylbenzene
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.36	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
berberine [no description available]	6.91	19	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.9	4	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	2.69	3	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.7	3	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	5.47	4	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	1.97	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	5.28	17	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	5.42	19	0
ro 31-7549 Ro 31-7549: structure	2.44	2	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.06	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
buformin Buformin: An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.. buformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide substituted by a butyl group at position 1. It is an antidiabetic drug with potential antitumor effect.	2.01	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; radiosensitizing agent
bumetanide [no description available]	2.47	2	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.91	4	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	4.65	6	1	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	1.94	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	7.7	31	6	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	9.63	54	3	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	3.08	5	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	1.93	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.04	1	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.55	8	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	4.66	8	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.92	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	1.96	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carvedilol [no description available]	4.69	6	1	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.93	4	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
celecoxib [no description available]	8.87	35	3	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	3.16	5	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
cgp 37157 CGP 37157: benzothiazepine derivative of clonazepam; inhibits the in vitro activity of mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchange	2.06	1	0	benzothiazepine
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	5.35	21	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	4.76	9	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.95	24	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.69	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	3.05	5	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.79	3	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure	1.98	1	0	quinolines
cilostazol [no description available]	8.17	12	1	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	6.56	8	2	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofibrate [no description available]	4.87	4	2	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	5.81	16	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	1.99	1	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	3.52	8	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.44	2	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.16	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	4.54	4	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	8.86	12	4	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clofilium clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.49	2	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.06	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	5.87	23	1	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.44	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	2.39	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cystamine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
indibulin indibulin: Tubulin Modulator/Antineoplastic Agent; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
damnacanthal damnacanthal: structure given in first source; isolated from the stem bark and roots of Morinda lucida; a selective inhibitor of p56(lck) tyrosine kinase activity	3.1	1	0	aldehyde; monohydroxyanthraquinone
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	2.47	2	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	3.84	12	0	indoles	fluorochrome
decamethonium decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	3.13	5	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	3.22	6	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.03	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.96	13	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.79	11	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.1	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	7.14	49	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.03	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	6.52	17	3	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	1.94	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.11	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	1.95	1	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.31	1	0	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
dilazep Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.. dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties.	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; diazepane; diester; methoxybenzenes	cardioprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	3.59	1	1	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.73	3	0	organic cation
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.45	2	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	3.15	5	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
stallimycin [no description available]	8.08	80	0
distigmine distigmine : A carbamate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of hexane-1,6-diylbis(methylcarbamic acid) with the hydroxy group of 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyridinium.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; pyridinium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; muscarinic agonist
disulfiram [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
ditercalinium ditercalinium: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.38	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	10.17	11	5	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	2.04	1	0
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	10.5	8	2	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
dup 697 DuP 697: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	thiophenes
e 4031 E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD	1.97	1	0	sulfonamide
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	3.17	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	1.99	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	7.81	20	1
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	3.27	6	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.1	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2.11	1	0
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	3	4	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	7.05	9	3	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	4.32	2	2	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	2.41	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	17.63	111	65	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	5	5	2	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.7	3	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	1.99	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	2.1	1	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	3.84	2	1	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.75	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.39	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3.71	9	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	1.94	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.86	4	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.4	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.68	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	15.23	64	22	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.74	10	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	4.28	4	1	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.73	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.1	1	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176 FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.	6.75	75	0	carboxylic ester; pyrroles	calcium channel agonist
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	3.25	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furfurylamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	5.42	11	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	2.42	2	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.99	4	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure	1.97	1	0
vanoxerine vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.05	1	0	ether; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil [no description available]	11.56	33	8	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.14	5	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	3.35	1	1	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.02	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.49	2	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.46	5	1	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	3.53	8	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	10.45	318	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	3.31	5	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gö6983 [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indoles; maleimides
go 6976 [no description available]	4.93	11	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	7.82	11	1
gr 89696 GR 89696: a potent & selective kappa opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to (E)-2-butenedioate(1:1); RN for parent cpd not available 11/92; GR 103545 is the (R)-isomer	2.39	2	0	acetamides
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.36	2	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.39	2	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	2.4	2	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	4.71	28	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	3.39	7	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	7.71	33	2	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	6.4	8	2	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
ha14-1 ethyl 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate: a BH3 mimetic; synergistic induction of apoptosis by simultaneous disruption of the Bcl-2 and MEK/MAPK pathways in acute myelogenous leukemia	3.15	5	0	1-benzopyran
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.8	11	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	3.23	6	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexahydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-6,6'-dimethanol dimethyl ether 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexahydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-6,6'-dimethanol dimethyl ether: potent inhibitor of protein kinase C; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	tannin
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.71	3	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol [no description available]	2.11	1	0	stilbenoid
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.1	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
alpha-methylhistamine alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.	1.98	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	animal metabolite; H3-receptor agonist
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	5.03	13	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.89	4	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	7.74	10	3	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
p-hydroxyamphetamine p-Hydroxyamphetamine: Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine.	2.05	1	0	amphetamines
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	4.83	11	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	4.9	11	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	1.95	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	3.41	1	1
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	8.39	24	5	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.05	1	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	5.23	12	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
idebenone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	2.1	1	0	piperidines
ifosfamide [no description available]	5.48	4	1	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	3.41	7	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.11	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.71	3	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	10.99	99	18	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	2	1	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.37	2	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	5.29	4	1	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	3.39	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
indolepropionic acid indolepropionic acid: structure in third source. 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid : An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; plant metabolite
iproniazid [no description available]	3.44	2	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	6.35	5	3	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	4.44	22	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	1.98	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.67	9	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.91	4	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.59	76	2	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	3.77	11	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration	3.53	2	0
whi p154 WHI P154: an anti-leukemic agent; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	4.01	14	0
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.53	2	0	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	3.26	6	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	3.51	8	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	5.99	14	2	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	4.27	4	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	11.94	14	6	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	1.98	1	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.5	2	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	3.81	3	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	3.1	5	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phenyllactic acid 3-phenyllactic acid: alpha-hydroxy analog of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-phenyllactic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.41	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.15	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	6.39	4	1	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	14.62	39	25	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	2.39	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source	2	1	0	aromatic amine
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	3.93	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
nordefrin Nordefrin: A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.	2.01	1	0	catecholamine
qx-314 QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion	2.02	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	local anaesthetic
lomerizine lomerizine: used to treat migraines	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
lomustine [no description available]	5.32	4	3	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.41	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	3.43	1	1	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	9.86	22	4	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	5.64	28	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	2.71	3	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
makaluvamine a makaluvamine A: from fruiting bodies of Didymium bahiense; structure in first source	2.96	4	0
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.49	2	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	3.25	1	0	anthracenes
edaravone [no description available]	3.12	1	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2.7	3	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.05	5	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.39	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.27	4	1	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	3.53	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.74	3	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	4.83	4	2	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.35	2	0	organic molecular entity
merbromin Merbromin: A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic.. merbromin : An organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.1	1	0
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	4.84	5	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	3.04	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	1.94	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	11.73	32	11	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	3.78	4	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	3.09	5	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
nocodazole [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.39	2	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.43	2	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	1.97	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	4.8	7	1	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	10.67	21	4	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	3.75	3	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.92	4	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	1.99	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.71	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	8.18	18	6	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
milrinone [no description available]	2.69	3	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	5.65	25	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	9.27	7	3	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	3.14	5	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
ml 7 ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).	2.4	2	0	N-sulfonyldiazepane; organoiodine compound	EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	3.7	10	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
entinostat [no description available]	3.86	10	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2.94	4	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.03	1	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	5.25	54	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.69	3	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	membrane transport modulator
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	1.93	1	0	purine nucleoside
nalidixic acid [no description available]	3.46	8	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nan 190 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine: RN from Toxlit. NAN 190 : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group.	2.4	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; phthalimides	serotonergic antagonist
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.	2.76	3	0
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2.38	2	0	naphthalenes
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	1.94	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	6.8	49	0
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.33	6	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	2	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	3.86	12	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	2.21	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	6.78	95	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	1.95	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	3.38	7	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.68	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	3.59	9	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	11.63	51	9	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.41	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
norfluoxetine norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
npc 15437 NPC 15437: interacts with th C1 doamin of protein kinase C	2.43	2	0
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	2.69	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	2.94	4	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	2.92	1	0
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.07	1	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.95	4	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	3.81	3	0	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	7.21	16	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.94	4	0	carbazoles
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	7.03	6	5	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
1,2-cyclohexanediamine 1,2-cyclohexanediamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.06	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.03	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	3.67	9	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	3.21	6	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	3.57	9	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.48	2	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	1.99	1	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	5.97	6	5	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.21	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	3.27	6	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(n-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(N-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine: a 5-HT(1A) ligand; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
pamidronate [no description available]	4.11	4	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.98	4	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.06	5	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2.41	1	0	monochlorophenol
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	5.05	13	0	aromatic amine
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.48	2	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 153035 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	5.13	43	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.07	5	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	5.69	7	1	oxopurine
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	6.29	7	6	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.67	3	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	3.16	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.46	8	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	2.66	3	0	aromatic amine
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	2.4	2	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	6.2	13	3	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	1.95	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.08	1	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pifithrin pifithrin: a tetrahydrobenzothiazol; inhibitor of P53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	aromatic ketone
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	9.33	135	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	3.38	7	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	10.62	22	4	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
piperazine [no description available]	4.36	6	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.39	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirbuterol pirbuterol: structure	1.99	1	0	pyridines
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	3.7	1	1	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	6.56	64	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	3.1	5	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor	2.95	4	0	aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine	beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0	chromones
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.25	1	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	4.01	14	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	3.21	6	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.09	5	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	6.5	12	4	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	1.97	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	3.06	5	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.	2.92	4	0	quinolines
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.7	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
prometryne Prometryne: A triazine used as a selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). prometryn : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6.	2.06	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.14	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	4.34	7	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.8	3	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	4.6	26	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	4.6	8	0
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	2.73	3	0	piperazines; pyridines
6-nitroquipazine 6-nitroquipazine: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	nitro compound; quinolines
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	9.16	17	5	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	3.59	1	1	secondary carboxamide
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	2.43	2	0	benzothiazoles
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.46	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	1.99	1	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	5.07	13	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	1.99	1	0	methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib [no description available]	6.59	8	2	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	3.62	9	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2h,5h-(1)benzopyrano(4,3-b)-1,4-oxazin-9-ol 3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-(1)benzopyrano(4,3-b)-1,4-oxazin-9-ol: RN given refers to (+/-)-isomer; RN, RRs & structure given in first source	3.11	5	0
sarpogrelate sarpogrelate: structure given in first source	2	1	0	hemisuccinate; stilbenoid
sb 206553 SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	pyrroloindole
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	2.74	3	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
sdz 205-557 [no description available]	2.68	3	0	methoxybenzoic acid
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	5.49	2	1	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.7	10	0	morpholines
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.48	2	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	2.71	3	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	3.36	7	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	5.44	4	1	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.9	4	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	3.7	10	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
ponalrestat [no description available]	2.39	2	0	phthalazines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.47	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
streptonigrin [no description available]	3.96	2	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	7.15	15	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylacetone succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.	1.96	1	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	1.94	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.75	3	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.61	2	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.02	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	4.79	5	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	2.91	4	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.17	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	3.4	7	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	6.2	18	2	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	3.4	7	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	9.59	11	9	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; ethyl ester; pyridines; retinoid; thiochromane	keratolytic drug; prodrug; teratogenic agent
tegafur [no description available]	7.03	6	5	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temozolomide [no description available]	9.28	18	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.9	4	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	4.13	3	1	diarylmethane
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	6.64	27	0	quaternary ammonium ion
krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.	2.03	1	0	monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
3-hydroxyaspartic acid 3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	13.81	47	4	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	3.6	8	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	3.11	5	0	thiazolidenedione
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	2.02	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	17.01	100	33	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilisolol [no description available]	1.97	1	0	isoquinolines
tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.08	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.02	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	1.97	1	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.68	3	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	5.42	20	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	16.01	289	89	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
tremorine [no description available]	2.85	4	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
trequinsin trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2	1	0	pyridopyrimidine
triallate Triallate: A pre-emergence, selective herbicide for the control of wild oats in various crops.	2	1	0	tertiary amine
triclosan [no description available]	5.26	3	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.9	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	2.07	1	0	amine
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	1.95	1	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.7	3	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	1.94	1	0	aromatic amine
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	4.87	6	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.	2.31	1	0	acetamides
tyramine [no description available]	3.6	9	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
u 101958 U 101958: structure in first source	2.91	4	0
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.01	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urethane [no description available]	2.88	4	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	piperidines
vigabatrin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	3.09	5	0
wb 4101 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	2	1	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2	1	0
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.79	3	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	12.65	118	35	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	3.5	2	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	6.13	9	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.	2.03	1	0	acylcholine
corticosterone [no description available]	6.27	33	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	12.26	28	9	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.1	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	3.07	5	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	3.66	10	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	5.42	20	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.28	6	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.34	2	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	4.27	19	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.39	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.01	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	8.56	8	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	2.34	2	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
2-aminophenol [no description available]	2.92	4	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.08	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	12.64	46	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	4.34	19	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	3.51	8	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
methacetin methacetin: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacetin : A member of the class of acetamides that is paracetamol in which the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.48	1	1	acetamides; aromatic ether
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	4.63	27	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	6.13	12	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	7.19	16	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	2.91	4	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
lynestrenol Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.94	1	0	steroid
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	9.69	24	7	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	6.03	10	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
androsterone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	4.96	4	2	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.	1.95	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.95	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.	3.33	1	1	indoles
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	1.98	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	4.04	14	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	1.97	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	4.03	14	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.	2.9	4	0	aminopyridine
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.85	11	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.64	3	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	3.13	5	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3.55	8	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.31	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	11.69	71	3	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	5.77	33	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	2.52	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.66	10	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	5.12	17	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	5.08	13	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	10.16	114	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	6.98	57	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	3.86	12	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.96	4	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	4.31	19	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	9.31	8	5	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	1.94	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.43	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	3.79	11	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	4.04	3	1	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	2.87	4	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	10.32	41	9	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	3.22	5	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	6.15	18	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.66	3	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	4.33	19	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	8.74	13	3	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	14.34	107	9	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
piperoxan Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.	6.91	12	2
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.48	23	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	3.98	13	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	6.85	37	2	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-aminoazobenzene p-Aminoazobenzene: Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.. 4-(phenylazo)aniline : Azobenzene substituted at one of the 4-positions by an amino group. It has a role as a dye and an allergen.	2.48	2	0
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	13.61	79	7	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.38	2	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
monomethylhydrazine Monomethylhydrazine: Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group.	2.41	1	0
phlorhizin [no description available]	1.94	1	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	3.23	6	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	6.64	26	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
n,n-dimethyltryptamine N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.	2	1	0	tryptamine alkaloid; tryptamines
3-hydroxy-2-oxoindole 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one: structure in first source. 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one : An oxindole that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.08	1	0	hydroxyindoles; oxindoles
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	5.93	33	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.	4.04	13	0	arenesulfonic acid; toluenes
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	6.91	38	2	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	6.36	8	2	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	5.71	25	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	5.31	2	2	calcium salt	chelator
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.41	2	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	4.14	3	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.49	2	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	6.03	28	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.21	1	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	5.72	27	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.93	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	13.05	28	2	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2.37	2	0
cytidine [no description available]	4.04	14	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	3.02	4	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.	1.99	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	5.76	34	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	1.98	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	4.64	27	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.77	11	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	3.14	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
bromoacetate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	3.08	5	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	4.27	4	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	3.44	2	0	oxo steroid
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	1.99	1	0	isoindoles
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.89	4	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.68	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	4.52	5	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	4.72	9	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	5.09	1	1	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
phenacyl bromide phenacyl bromide: structure. phenacyl bromide : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.	2.98	4	0	acetophenones; alpha-bromoketone	metabolite
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	6.55	38	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.96	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-toluenesulfonamide 4-toluenesulfonamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene-4-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.	2.48	2	0	sulfonamide
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	5.94	34	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.36	2	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	1.96	1	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	9.01	43	1	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	6.34	16	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	3.73	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
chlorquinaldol Chlorquinaldol: Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant.. chlorquinaldol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by chlorine at positions 5 and 7. An antifungal and antibacterial, it was formerly used for topical treatment of skin conditions and vaginal infections.	5.09	1	1	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antiprotozoal drug; antiseptic drug
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	6.29	49	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	3.36	7	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-chlorobenzoic acid 4-chlorobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chlorobenzoic acid : A monochlorobenzoic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	12.6	126	12	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.	2.4	2	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides	algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.03	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	3.41	7	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	5.18	15	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.	1.96	1	0	chloromethanes; methyl halides	marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.41	2	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	4.2	5	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	3.77	10	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	3.39	7	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
methylacetylene methylacetylene: structure	1.96	1	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.	2.41	2	0	chloroethanes	antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic
vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.	2.05	1	0	chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene	carcinogenic agent
ethylamine ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	1.96	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	human metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.52	8	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
ethanethiol ethanethiol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ethanethiol : An alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks.	2.03	1	0	alkanethiol	rodenticide
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	3.84	11	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
difluoromethane difluoromethane: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	fluoromethanes	refrigerant
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	3.83	11	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	3.83	3	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
boron trifluoride [no description available]	2.44	2	0	boron fluoride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
2-propylamine 2-propylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	alkylamines; primary aliphatic amine
1,1-dichloroethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organochlorine compound
acetyl chloride [no description available]	2.41	1	0	acyl chloride
1,1-difluoroethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0
1,1-difluoroethylene 1,1-difluoroethylene: structure	1.96	1	0	olefinic compound; organofluorine compound
dichlorofluoromethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0
fluorocarbon 22 [no description available]	1.96	1	0	hydrochlorofluorocarbon
fluoroform fluoroform: structure	2.07	1	0	fluoromethanes	refrigerant
nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models.	1.96	1	0	primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2	1	0	epoxide
methanesulfonic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	alkanesulfonic acid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
dichlorodimethylsilane [no description available]	2.06	1	0
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	7.39	2	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.47	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.37	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	3.93	12	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
freon 114 Freon 114: InChIKey: DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N	1.96	1	0
perfluoroethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon	refrigerant
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	3.87	2	1	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	3.76	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.01	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	3.52	8	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
divinyl sulfone divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.	2.51	2	0	sulfone	cross-linking reagent
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	1.95	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	7.78	23	9	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	1.98	1	0
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.17	5	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.	1.96	1	0	butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound	bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	1.96	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
chloroacetyl chloride [no description available]	2.06	1	0	acyl halide
acrylamide [no description available]	3.31	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	3.45	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide.	1.96	1	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	metabolite
methyl acetate methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils.	1.96	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; fragrance; polar aprotic solvent
nitroethane nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.	1.96	1	0	primary nitroalkane
methacrylamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acrylamides; primary carboxamide
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	3.81	2	1	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pempidine Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.	2.02	1	0	piperidines
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	3.11	4	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	1.95	1	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.53	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	3.02	4	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
quintozene quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.06	1	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; pentachlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical
acenaphthenequinone acenaphthoquinone : An orthoquinone that is the 1,2-dioxo derivative of acenaphthene.	2.17	1	0	orthoquinones	chain carrier; epitope
quinophthalone quinophthalone: found in hair preparations; causes contact dermatitis. quinoline yellow : A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; quinolines	dye
skatole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	9.65	10	4	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.	2.55	2	0
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.69	3	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher	3.19	5	0
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.08	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
di-n-hexyl phthalate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	2-hydroxyisophthalic acid
phthalimide phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.	2.25	1	0	phthalimides
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.57	2	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
fluorene [no description available]	2.79	3	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	5.06	7	0	carbazole
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	2.1	1	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
acetopyrrothine acetopyrrothine: structure. thiolutin : A dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic that is 4,5-dihydro[1,2]dithiolo[4,3-b]pyrrole in which the hydrogens at positions 4,5 and 6 have been replaced by methyl, oxo and acetamido groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerases, inhibits the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and also inhibits JAMM metalloproteases.	3.76	3	0	acetamides; dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; chelator; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; marine metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor; toxin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	4.36	6	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
phthalide 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.. isobenzofuranone : A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups.	1.94	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	2.41	2	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	3.57	8	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-acetylthiophene 2-acetylthiophene: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	aromatic ketone
anthranilamide [no description available]	2.99	4	0	substituted aniline
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.11	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	2.13	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.	3.31	1	0	aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	9.94	126	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	4.37	6	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	8.35	6	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2.25	1	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	3.29	6	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
phenylpiperazine phenylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	1.95	1	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	5.74	16	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.68	3	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
thianthrene thianthrene: in its electron deficient state, effects formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in process of oxidative phosphorylation; structure. thianthrene : The organosulfur heterocyclic compound that is the parent compound of the thianthrenes, a tricyclic structure comprising two benzene rings fused to the b and e sides of 1,4-dithin.	2.11	1	0	mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; thianthrenes
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	4.09	3	1	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	1.95	1	0	carbonyl compound
indene indene: structure in first source. 1H-indene : An ortho-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings.	2.83	3	0	indene; ortho-fused bicyclic arene
benzothiophene [no description available]	2.47	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	2.73	3	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
2-xylene 2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.41	1	0	xylene
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.48	2	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
3,4-dichloroaniline 3,4-dichloroaniline : A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.	2.11	1	0	dichloroaniline	epitope; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-methylphenol 2-amino-4-methylphenol: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	2.83	3	0	dioxanes
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.92	12	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
n-methylpyrrole [no description available]	7.69	63	0	pyrroles
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	1.95	1	0	phosphonic ester
sulfosalicylic acid 5-sulfosalicylic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy at position C-2 and a sulfo group at C-5.	2.05	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; benzoic acids; phenols	metabolite
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	4.45	7	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	3.54	8	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
furfuryl mercaptan furfuryl mercaptan: major flavoring agent in coffee; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	heteroarene
thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde: structure in first source. formylthiophene : An aldehyde that is thiophene substituted by a formyl group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	aldehyde; thiophenes	metabolite
benzenesulfonyl chloride benzenesulfonyl chloride: structure	2.11	1	0
benzenesulfonamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0	sulfonamide
benzenesulfonic acid benzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzenesulfonic acid : The simplest member of the class of a benzenesulfonic acids that consists of a benzene carrying a single sulfo group.	2.99	4	0	benzenesulfonic acids
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	3.38	7	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
1-phenethylamine 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.	2.25	1	0	phenylethylamine	human metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.02	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	1.96	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
3-aminobenzoic acid 3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.	1.96	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
3-nitrotoluene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	mononitrotoluene
3-nitroaniline 3-nitroaniline: used as a sole source of nitrogen , carbon and energy	2.11	1	0
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	3.25	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	2.46	2	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	2.05	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.	1.96	1	0	dinitrobenzene	neurotoxin
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	2.05	1	0
4-bromoacetophenone [no description available]	2	1	0
4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.	1.99	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.	3.77	11	0	benzaldehydes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	chromogenic compound
ethylbenzene [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.44	2	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	2.17	1	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.76	3	0	benzenes; nitrile
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	2.71	3	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes
2-ethylpyridine 2-ethylpyridine: RN given refers to compound with locant	2.03	1	0
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	3.41	7	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
methylenebis(chloroaniline) Methylenebis(chloroaniline): Aromatic diamine used in the plastics industry as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane rubbers. It causes bladder, liver, lung, and other neoplasms.. 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) : A chloroaniline that consists of two 2-chloroaniline units joined by a methylene bridge.	2.07	1	0	chloroaniline	metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.02	1	0	pyridinium salt
4-aminodiphenylamine 4-aminodiphenylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-aminodiphenylamine : An aromatic amine that is the 4-amino derivative of diphenylamine.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; secondary amino compound	allergen
phenyl ether diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether	plant metabolite
1,3-cyclopentadiene 1,3-cyclopentadiene: structure	2.06	1	0	cycloalkadiene
tripropylamine tripropylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tripropylamine : A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by a propyl group.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	7.05	1	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
boric acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0	boric acids	astringent
methyl acetoacetate methyl acetoacetate: structure	1.98	1	0	oxo carboxylic acid
diethyl malonate diethyl malonate: isomer of diethylmalonic acid; one of most used compounds in drug synthesis, don't confuse with ethylmalonic acid	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
ethyl cyanoacetate ethyl cyanoacetate: affect muscarinic and nicotinic receptors; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.1	1	0
ethyl carbonate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	carbonate ester
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.21	1	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	6.5	6	3	epoxide; organochlorine compound
1-butene but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1.	1.96	1	0	butene
1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.	2.05	1	0	butadiene	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
acrolein [no description available]	3.53	8	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
propylamine propylamine : A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1.	1.96	1	0	alkylamines
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	12.37	7	2	alkylamine
propionitrile propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond.	2.43	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.71	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.74	3	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	8.31	6	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	2.41	2	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	7.41	21	1	alkane
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	3.48	7	0
deanol Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.	2.41	1	0	ethanolamines; tertiary amine	curing agent; radical scavenger
vinyl acetate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	acetate ester
diisopropylamine diisopropylamine: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	2.44	2	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	2.05	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
propylene carbonate 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
3-chloroaniline 3-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
3-phenylenediamine 1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.	2.41	2	0	phenylenediamine
mesitylene mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.	2.45	2	0	trimethylbenzene
gamma-collidine gamma-collidine: structure	1.93	1	0	methylpyridines
cyanuric chloride cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.	2.05	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; organochlorine compound	cross-linking reagent
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	3.16	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
bromobenzene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
4-methylpyridine 4-methylpyridine: structure in first source. 4-methylpyridine : A methylpyridine in which the methyl substituent is at position 4.	1.96	1	0	methylpyridine
chlorobenzene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	3.61	3	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	1.93	1	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.	7.4	2	0	aryl thiol
3-methylpyridine 3-methylpyridine : A methylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 3.	1.96	1	0	methylpyridine
2-picoline 2-picoline: structure in first source. 2-methylpyridine : A methylpyridine carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.	1.96	1	0	methylpyridine
2-aminopyrimidine pyrimidin-2-amine : An aminopyrimidine carrying an amino group at position 2.. aminopyrimidine : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.	2.31	1	0	aminopyrimidine
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	3.51	7	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.	1.98	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
dicyanmethane malononitrile : A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups.	3.63	8	0	aliphatic nitrile; dinitrile
2-hydroxyethylhydrazine 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine: inhibitor of phospholipid methylation in yeast	1.94	1	0	hydrazines	herbicide
diethylamine [no description available]	2.52	2	0	secondary aliphatic amine
ethyl vinyl ether ethyl vinyl ether: structure	1.96	1	0
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	8.32	6	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	4.91	35	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	14.96	275	5	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
2,5-hexanedione 2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone	7.9	36	1	diketone; methyl ketone	human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
n,n,n',n'-tetramethylethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine : An ethylenediamine derivative in which each nitrogen carries two methyl substituents. It is widely employed both as a ligand for metal ions and as a catalyst in organic polymerisation.	2.06	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	catalyst; chelator
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	12.26	18	1	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
2-ethoxyethanol 2-ethoxyethanol : A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol.	1.96	1	0	glycol ether; primary alcohol	protic solvent; teratogenic agent
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	2.37	2	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.	2.04	1	0	cycloalkene
piperidine [no description available]	5.08	14	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
morpholine [no description available]	4.39	3	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
hexahydroazepine hexahydroazepine: RN given refers to parent cpd. azepane : An azacycloalkane that is cycloheptane in which one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	3.17	1	0	azacycloalkane; azepanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
lauric acid methyl ester methyl laurate : A fatty acid methyl ester of lauric acid.	2.08	1	0	dodecanoate ester; fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
3,3'-iminodipropionitrile 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile: lathyrogen; RN refers to parent cpd; blocks axoplasmic transport of neurofilament proteins with subsequent axon swelling typical of some motor neuron diseases	3.06	1	0
decanaldehyde decanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid).	2.15	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	antifungal agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	1.95	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.43	2	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
propylene propylene: structure	1.96	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
dimethyl ether dimethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two methyl groups.	1.96	1	0	ether
2,2,2-trichloroethanol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	chloroethanol	mouse metabolite
1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid: reagent for removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution	2.15	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	mutagen
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.21	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.27	6	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline [no description available]	3.73	10	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
scoparone scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; coumarins	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic drug; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	2.47	2	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
veratraldehyde [no description available]	2	1	0	benzaldehydes; dimethoxybenzene	antifungal agent
dimethoxyphenylethylamine Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.	3.33	1	1	alkaloid; aromatic ether; phenylethylamine	allergen; plant metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.54	2	0	dichlorophenol
n-methylpyrrolidine N-methylpyrrolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.36	2	0
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
triethylamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.99	4	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
dimethyl phthalate dimethyl phthalate: used as plasticizer in computer mouse; structure	2.08	1	0	diester; methyl ester; phthalate ester
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.1	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
methyl anthranilate methyl anthranilate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid.	2.48	2	0	benzoate ester	flavouring agent; metabolite
benzil benzil: structure. benzil : An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.	1.93	1	0	alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone
syringaldehyde syringaldehyde: isolated from nonfermented fiber fractions of oat hulls and cottonseed hulls. syringaldehyde : A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; hydroxybenzaldehyde	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	4.05	14	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	5.09	1	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.98	4	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	2.45	2	0	alkyl sulfate
n-butyl acrylate butyl acrylate : An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.	2.21	1	0	acrylate ester
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	3.14	5	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-diaminopyridine 2,6-diaminopyridine: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
ethyl acetoacetate ethyl acetoacetate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. ethyl acetoacetate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol.	2.17	1	0	ethyl ester	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
cupric acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	5.23	3	1	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	1.99	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.	2.39	2	0
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.11	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.71	10	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	2.15	1	0	D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.65	3	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	1.94	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.71	3	0	organic molecular entity
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
aziridine [no description available]	3	4	0	azacycloalkane; aziridines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	alkylating agent
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.01	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	3.8	2	1	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	4.78	9	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	2.02	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	3.83	2	1	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	4.96	8	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.41	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
chrysene chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar.	2.01	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene	plant metabolite
phthalazine phthalazine : An azaarene that is the 2,3-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of phthalazines.	2.21	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	20.37	362	25	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	6.98	26	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
6-azaindole [no description available]	3.01	4	0
5-azaindole [no description available]	2.04	1	0
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	20.69	259	36	indazole
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	3.21	5	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	3.59	8	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
indolizine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	indolizines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
azulene [no description available]	2	1	0	azulenes; mancude carbobicyclic parent; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
triethylenediamine triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.	2.75	3	0	bridged compound; diamine; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent; tertiary amino compound	antioxidant; catalyst; reagent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	8.35	21	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	13.37	58	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	7.57	44	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	9.71	72	1	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	14.8	187	2	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	4.22	5	0	1,2,4-triazole
pyridazine pyridazine: structure given in first source	4.22	5	0	diazine; pyridazines
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	5.12	13	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	14.57	171	5	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	3.04	1	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.43	2	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.11	1	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.67	3	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	6.14	41	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.13	1	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	3.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.03	1	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
paraoxon [no description available]	2	1	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	2.35	2	0
dexamethasone 21-phosphate dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.	4.29	4	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.39	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	11.64	50	1	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.89	4	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	6.5	7	2	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.	1.97	1	0	ether
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	2.66	3	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.51	2	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
methylthioinosine Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.	2.02	1	0	purine ribonucleoside; thiopurine
diethyl sulfide ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom.	1.96	1	0	ethyl sulfide
perfluorobutane perfluorobutane: component of the echo contrast agent, BR14, which consists of perfluorobutane gas microbubbles. perflubutane : A fluorocarbon that is butane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. Microbubbles of preflubutane are used in the ultrasound contrast agent BR14.	2.15	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon; gas molecular entity	ultrasound contrast agent
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.01	4	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	4.59	24	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	3.06	5	0	ergoline alkaloid
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0
kynuramine Kynuramine: An aromatic ketone containing the aniline structure (ANILINE COMPOUNDS).. kynuramine : A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.	2.45	2	0	kynurenamines; primary amino compound	metabolite
1,2-difluorobenzene 1,2-difluorobenzene : A difluorobenzene carrying fluoro groups at positions 1 and 2.. difluorobenzene : Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying two fluorine atoms.	2.41	1	0	difluorobenzene	anaesthetic
cuprizone [no description available]	2.96	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
2-fluoroethanol [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cyanoacetic acid cyanoacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acetic acid bearing a cyano substituent.	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	3.24	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	4.08	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid: structure. 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid : A memebr of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole with methyl and carboxylic acid group substituents at positions 5 and 3 respectively.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pyrazoles	metabolite
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	2.03	1	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.1	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.05	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.47	2	0	alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfur-containing amino acid; thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antidote; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	3.27	6	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid : A benzoic acid carrying a 4-trifluoromethyl substituent.	2.13	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzoic acids
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.51	2	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	5.76	27	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	22.15	342	149	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocystines	human metabolite
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	1.94	1	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
propadiene [no description available]	3.75	10	0	allenes
ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.	4.25	5	0	ketene
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	4.95	3	3	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.16	5	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
oxamide oxamide: induces hydronephrosis in rat kidneys; structure. oxamide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide of oxalic acid.	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.8	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	4.61	24	0
rhein [no description available]	2	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
indirubin [no description available]	3.03	4	0
nitramine nitramine : Amines substituted at N with a nitro group (a contracted form of N-nitroamines); they are thus amides of nitric acid, and the class is composed of nitramide, O2NNH2, and its derivatives formed by substitution.. N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine : A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being detonated by friction, shock, or a spark.	2.01	1	0	nitramine	explosive
retronecine retronecine: RN given refers to (1R-trans)-isomer; structure	2.39	2	0	pyrrolizines
phthalimidine phthalimidine: structure given in first source. isoindolin-1-one : A member of the class of isoindoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole in which the hydrogens at positon 1 are replaced by an oxo group.	2.15	1	0	gamma-lactam; isoindoles
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	3.25	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
dihydroberberine dihydroberberine: structure in first source	2.15	1	0	alkaloid
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.81	3	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	1.98	1	0	phthalazines
cytisine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	7.96	4	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	3.62	9	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
vasicinone vasicinone: isolated from Adhatoda vasica; structure given in first source	2.85	3	0
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	3.76	11	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.	3.33	1	1	tertiary amine; tryptamine alkaloid	coral metabolite; hallucinogen
methyl red methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.	2.1	1	0
indoline indoline: structure given in first source	5.7	14	0	indoles
dithiol dithiol: structure	2.15	1	0
butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.77	3	0	butenolide
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.11	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	3.04	5	0	quinone imine	dye
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.51	2	0	epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.01	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
dimethylacetylene dimethylacetylene: structure in source	2.35	2	0
azetidine [no description available]	3.17	1	0	azacycloalkane; azetidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
orcinol orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.	2.01	1	0	5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene	Aspergillus metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	16.62	165	11
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	4.1	14	0	thiazolidine
1,3-dithiane 1,3-dithiane: structure	1.98	1	0	dithiane
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.21	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	1.95	1	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	1.95	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
tetranitromethane [no description available]	2	1	0	organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.67	3	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
kryptopyrrole kryptopyrrole: metabolite in schizophrenia	5.84	7	1
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	3.17	5	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.65	3	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	4.56	7	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	5.82	6	1
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.46	2	0	furanocoumarin
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	diarylmethane
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.48	2	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.51	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	3.92	3	0	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	5.5	8	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
chrysoidine chrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.15	1	0
6-methoxybenzoxazolinone 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone: plant derivative which stimulates reproduction in Microtus montanus. 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone : A 2-benzoxazolinone that is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6.	2.55	2	0	aromatic ether; benzoxazole	antibacterial agent; anticonvulsant; antifungal agent; muscle relaxant; plant metabolite
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.69	3	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
cesium carbonate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	2.59	2	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	1.98	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS	2.01	1	0	benzenes
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	3.79	10	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
tropone [no description available]	2.38	2	0
n-amyl butyrate pentyl butyrate : The butyrate ester of pentan-1-ol.	2.05	1	0	butyrate ester	metabolite
4-iodoaniline [no description available]	1.97	1	0
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.	2.48	2	0
uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
maleimide [no description available]	3.08	5	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	13.44	60	16	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.41	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
triethylenephosphoramide Triethylenephosphoramide: An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.	1.99	1	0	phosphoramide
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	2.04	1	0	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.04	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.31	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
violacein [no description available]	3.87	3	0
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	3.45	2	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.8	3	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.07	1	0	phenoxazine
paeonol paeonol: structure	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	1.94	1	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.55	2	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
2,4-dichloroaniline 2,4-dichloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-dichloroaniline : A dichloroaniline carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.11	1	0	dichloroaniline
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	2.15	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
silver acetate silver acetate: RN refers to acetic acid, silver (1+) salt	2.05	1	0
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.38	6	0	bis(azo) compound
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	2.45	2	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.75	3	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline [no description available]	1.99	1	0
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.46	2	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.	2.02	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	2.11	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
nitrosobenzene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	benzenes; nitroso compound	xenobiotic metabolite
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	3.48	7	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
isovalerylaldehyde isovalerylaldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5093. 3-methylbutanal : A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives.	2.1	1	0	methylbutanal	flavouring agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; volatile oil component
iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.4	2	0
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	3.73	11	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.	2.66	3	0	ketone
1-hexene 1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1.	2.08	1	0	alkene
allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1	2.25	1	0	organic sulfide
fluoromethane fluoromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. fluorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.. fluoromethane : A member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom.	1.96	1	0	fluorohydrocarbon; fluoromethanes; methyl halides	refrigerant
dimethyl mercury [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methylmercury compound
diisopropylnitrosamine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.74	3	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
1-methylindole 1-methylindole: SKATOLE refers to 3-methylindole; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylindole : Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents.	2.48	2	0
4-chloro-1-naphthol 4-chloro-1-naphthol: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants	2.03	1	0
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.39	2	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	3.36	7	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
2,4,6-tribromoanisole 2,4,6-tribromoanisole: produced by O-methylation of its direct precursor, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, generally comes from sources in the winery environment	2.46	2	0
galactitol [no description available]	1.97	1	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-anthramine 2-anthramine: structure	2.03	1	0	anthracenamine
phenacylamine phenacylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6990	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone
2-pyrrolidone 2-pyrrolidone: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidin-2-one : The simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).	3.08	5	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	metabolite; polar solvent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	15.02	32	3	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
ethyl pyruvate [no description available]	2.57	2	0	oxo carboxylic acid
methyl 4-aminobenzoate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
isovanillin isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.	2.17	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
2,5-dimethylpyrrole 2,5-dimethylpyrrole: structure given in first source	4.12	15	0	pyrroles
6-methyluracil 6-methyluracil: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 6-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group at position 6.	2.06	1	0	pyrimidone	metabolite
4-hydroxypyridine 4-pyridone: structure in first source. 4-hydroxypyridine : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.. 4-pyridone : The simplest member of the class of pyridin-4-ones, that is 1,4-dihydropyridine in which the hydrogens at position 4 have been replaced by an oxo group.	2.08	1	0	4-pyridones; monohydroxypyridine
n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.	2.08	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
docosane docosane : A straight-chain alkane with 22 carbon atoms.	2.31	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
octacosane octacosane : A straight-chain alkane containing 28 carbon atoms.	2.17	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.08	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester	hepatic steatosis inducing agent
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.95	4	0
2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid: hypocalcemic action; structure. pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid : A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.	4.34	20	0	pyrrolecarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
n-phenylpyrrole N-phenylpyrrole: structure in first source	3.72	10	0
phytane [no description available]	1.97	1	0	diterpene
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	5.55	3	2	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	3.86	2	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	2.64	3	0
diketene [no description available]	7.25	1	0
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.82	31	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
perfluoropentane perfluoropentane: inert expander of tissue spaces, liquid at room temperature, but gaseous at body temperatures; used in experimental eye surgery; structure. perfluoropentane : A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	2.61	2	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon	radioopaque medium; ultrasound contrast agent
hempa Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.	2.52	2	0	phosphoramide	insect sterilant; mutagen
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	3.06	5	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
pentamethylbenzene [no description available]	3.18	1	0	methylbenzene
decan-4-olide gamma-decalactone : A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.	2.21	1	0	gamma-lactone; tetrahydrofuranone	anticonvulsant; flavouring agent; food additive
dimethyl methylphosphonate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.42	2	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation	2.74	3	0
2-methylpyrrolidine 2-methylpyrrolidine: structure in first source. 2-methylpyrrolidine : A member of the class of pyrrolidines that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	pyrrolidines	plant metabolite
triphenylphosphine oxide triphenylphosphine oxide: used in the extraction, separation & spectrophotometric determination of cadmium & mercury in environmental samples. triphenylphosphane oxide : A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.	2.25	1	0	phosphine oxide	NMR chemical shift reference compound
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	3.51	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
(pentafluorophenyl)hydrazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ametryne ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.05	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.43	2	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.46	2	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.11	1	0
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	2.49	2	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.	2.46	2	0	alicyclic ketone; enone	Hsp70 inducer
2-aminobenzimidazole 2-aminobenzimidazole: metabolite of benomyl; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-aminobenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.	2.77	3	0	benzimidazoles	marine xenobiotic metabolite
deoxycytidine [no description available]	16.24	95	26	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylestrenol Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.	1.95	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	3.21	5	0
oxalic acid hydrazide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde: structure in first source. pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde : A pyrrole carrying a formyl substituent at the 2-position.	5.76	26	0	1,3-thiazole-2-carbaldehyde; pyrroles
pyrrolnitrin Pyrrolnitrin: 3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.. pyrrolnitrin : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	5.42	11	0	alkaloid; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	antifungal drug; bacterial metabolite
quinacridone quinacridone: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
2-acetylpyrrole 2-acetylpyrrole : A pyrrole carrying an acetyl substituent at the 2-position.	8.43	7	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; pyrroles
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	2.36	2	0	phenylacetaldehydes
methyl phenyl sulfoxide (methylsulfinyl)benzene : A sulfoxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the sulfur atom of thioanisole.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; sulfoxide
1-amino-2-naphthol [no description available]	2.11	1	0
2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
phenazocine Phenazocine: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095)	1.99	1	0
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	5.09	1	1
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	3.95	11	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	3.19	5	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.72	3	0	alkali metal hydroxide
manganese dioxide [no description available]	3.04	4	0	manganese molecular entity; metal oxide
molybdenum trioxide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	molybdenum oxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	7.06	22	1	zinc molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.75	3	0	vanadium oxide
dioxouranium(vi) [no description available]	2.04	1	0	uranium oxide
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	3.45	6	0	sulfide salt
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.41	1	0
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.05	1	0
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.46	2	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	3.69	9	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346 sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.	2.4	2	0	nucleoside analogue	protein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.08	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	9.62	39	13	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	1.95	1	0	aliphatic nitrile
picolinamide picolinamide: degradation product of diquat. pyridinecarboxamide : A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.. picolinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of picolinic acid.	2.1	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
win 18446 WIN 18446 : A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish.	1.95	1	0	organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components.	2.51	2	0	ether	fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent
2,5-dihydrofuran 2,5-dihydrofuran: structure in first source	2.41	2	0
1-methylisoquinoline 1-methylisoquinoline : An isoquinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 1.	2.13	1	0	isoquinolines
5-methyltryptamine 5-methyltryptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	tryptamines
pentachloroanisole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
nitrofen nitrofen: structure	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
norfenfluramine Norfenfluramine: A FENFLURAMINE analog that inhibits serotonin uptake and may provoke release of serotonin. It is used as an appetite depressant and an experimental tool in animal studies.	1.99	1	0	amphetamines
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.57	2	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	3.39	7	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
pristane pristane: structure. pristane : A norterpene that is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group.	1.97	1	0	long-chain alkane; norterpene	biomarker; immunological adjuvant
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.99	1	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.67	9	0	tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.72	10	0	quaternary ammonium ion
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2	1	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
5-hydroxyindole [no description available]	2.31	1	0	hydroxyindoles	human metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	1.95	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	2.36	2	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.38	7	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
meldrum's acid Meldrum's acid: structure given in first source	2.51	2	0
buthiazide buthiazide: 3-isobutyl analog of hydrochlorothiazide; structure	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine
2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol: produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca. 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol : A benzenetriol that is phloroglucinol in which two of the ring hydrogens are replaced by acetyl groups.	4.38	20	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; diketone; methyl ketone	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.03	1	0
octachloronaphthalene Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.	2.1	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.16	5	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.21	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
benzophenoneidum Benzophenoneidum: An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins.. auramine O : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethylaniline) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A fluorescent stain for demonstrating acid fast organisms in a method similar to the Ziehl Neelsen. It also can be used to make a fluorescent Schiff reagent.	2.15	1	0	hydrochloride	fluorochrome; histological dye
acetosyringone acetosyringone: plant inducer which induces expression of VirE & VirG in A. tumefaciens. acetosyringone : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.13	1	0	acetophenones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-asthmatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
c.i. solvent yellow 56 C.I. Solvent Yellow 56: not a carcinogen. Solvent yellow 56 : An azobenzene that is N,N-diethylaniline substituted at position 4 by a phenylazo group.	2.04	1	0	azobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	dye; mutagen
tetrapentylammonium tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
ponceau 4r ponceau 4R: structure in first source	2.5	2	0
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	2.72	3	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.01	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	1.94	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	3.87	11	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	5.61	9	2	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	3.27	6	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	6.61	16	1	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	1.94	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
azo rubin s azo rubin S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.94	1	0
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	1.99	1	0
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.04	1	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
furaneol furaneol: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one : A member of the class of furans that is 2,5-dimethylfuran carrying additional oxo and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been found particularly in strawberries and other such fruits.	2.48	2	0	cyclic ketone; enol; furans	flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	3.76	3	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
2-pentylfuran 2-pentylfuran: structure in first source. 2-pentylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks.	2.25	1	0	furans	Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; flavouring agent; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant growth stimulator; volatile oil component
streptomycin [no description available]	3.48	8	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	4.12	15	0	carbon oxoanion
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.	2.07	1	0	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
fuberidazole fuberidazole: fumigant; structure. fuberidazole : A ring assembly consisting of benzimidazole substituted at position 2 by a 2-furyl group. A fungicide used as a seed treatment to control Fusarium spp. in cereals.	2.03	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; furans	antifungal agrochemical
4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.72	3	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
promethazine 1,3-dimethylimidazolium: structure in first source. 1,3-dimethylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is methyl.	2.11	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	4.07	3	1
acetylthiocholine Acetylthiocholine: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.	2.05	1	0
4-hydroxypyrimidine 4(3H)-pyrimidinone: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
vantocil polihexanide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.25	1	0
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.47	2	0	aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	1.98	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	10.34	68	2	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
diaveridine diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species.	1.96	1	0	aminopyrimidine	antiparasitic agent; drug allergen
metomidate metomidate: was heading 1975-94 (see under IMIDAZOLES 1975-90); METHOXIMOL was see METOMIDATE 1975-94; use IMIDAZOLES to search METOMIDATE 1975-94; a hypnotic and sedative that may also function as an anesthetic; now banned as an anesthetic for swine; C11-metomidate used as tracer for PET for adrenal neoplasms	2.13	1	0	imidazoles
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	4.35	4	1	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	1.95	1	0	dioxolane
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.15	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
nsc 520594 [no description available]	2.4	2	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	5.43	14	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.1	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.17	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	6.52	13	1	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	3.39	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	3.03	4	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	9.43	22	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	4.47	23	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	5.77	25	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neptunium Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.	2.11	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.03	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	2.25	1	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	2.05	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	8.61	154	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	14.55	64	3	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	2.11	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.44	2	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	6.58	60	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	4.72	27	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	4.56	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	2.75	3	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	8.99	70	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	2.52	2	0	vanadium group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	3.1	5	0	manganese group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	6.61	61	0	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	4.31	5	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
actinium Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.	2.25	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; scandium group element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.96	4	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	4.03	14	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	3.54	8	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	6.09	33	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	5.3	3	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	7.6	12	2	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	10.52	205	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.03	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	2.93	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	9.33	6	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	3.15	5	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	7.6	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.05	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	3.45	7	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.05	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.49	2	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.04	1	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	3.09	5	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
titanium tetrachloride titanium tetrachloride: RN given refers to TiCl4	2.08	1	0
palladium chloride palladium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. palladium(II) chloride : A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.	2.49	2	0	palladium coordination entity	catalyst
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2.68	3	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	3.32	5	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	12.61	49	14	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	4.13	15	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	4.02	13	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.	2.01	1	0	N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	5.81	30	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2	1	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.08	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	3.36	7	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	4.15	5	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.45	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	8.58	8	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	10.91	33	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	10.84	30	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	4.63	27	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
silver chloride [no description available]	2.02	1	0	inorganic chloride; silver salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	2.97	4	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	3.46	7	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
cupric bromide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination: ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions.	3.51	1	1
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.03	1	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.03	1	0
phosphoryl chloride phosphoryl chloride: structure	2.07	1	0	phosphorus coordination entity
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	3.1	5	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	2.45	2	0	chlorine dioxide
cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-H2SO4	2.05	1	0	cadmium salt
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	2.4	2	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.94	4	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
chlormerodrin Chlormerodrin: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.. chlormerodrin : Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans.	1.93	1	0	organomercury compound; ureas	diagnostic agent; diuretic
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	10.02	31	5
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.13	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.58	2	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	2.44	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	4.15	5	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
procion blue mx-r procion blue MX-R: used in affinity labeling of enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0
4-aminobutanol 4-aminobutanol: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.98	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine: a component of leaf-cutting ant pheromones	2.02	1	0
platinum tetrachloride platinum tetrachloride: see also platinum chloride	2.03	1	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	4.48	21	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	4.16	3	1
diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;	3.13	1	0	anthraquinone
1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea: structure	2.6	1	0
2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyrazines
salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron	2.13	1	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.24	6	0
myrmicacin myrmicacin: found in secretions of South American leaf-cutting ant; inhibitor for mitotic progression after metaphase. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is decanoic acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; medium-chain fatty acid	antimitotic; Escherichia coli metabolite
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.41	2	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine: key aroma compound in beef extract. trimethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which three hydrogens at positions 2, 3 and 5 have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.1	1	0	pyrazines	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite
urobilinogen Urobilinogen: A colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin. Some is excreted in the feces where it is oxidized to urobilin. Some is reabsorbed and re-excreted in the bile as bilirubin. At times, it is re-excreted in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.. urobilinogen : A member of the class of bilanes that is a colourless product formed in the intestine by the reduction of bilirubin.	4.49	4	0	bilanes	human metabolite
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.42	2	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
chlortoluron chlorotoluron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.	2.06	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.42	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
vinyl carbamate vinyl carbamate: promutagen & more carcinogenic analog of ethyl carbamate (urethane); structure	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.42	2	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
1,4-thioxane 1,4-thioxane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.76	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	5.64	74	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)	2.98	1	0
showdomycin Showdomycin: 3-beta-D-Ribofuranosylmaleimide. Antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces showdoensis. It is possibly active also as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2.31	1	0
fluoroboric acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	boron fluoride
gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)	2.25	1	0
fluorides [no description available]	4.62	26	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.11	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.15	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	phase-transfer catalyst
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	1.98	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.39	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.98	4	0	tin oxide
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	5.67	21	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.05	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
calcium dobesilate Calcium Dobesilate: A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.	2.05	1	0
iodine [no description available]	6.03	21	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	2.02	1	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	6.98	22	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.15	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	5.73	14	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
2,6-diaminopurine 9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.	2.25	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.92	4	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.03	1	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
1,2-diphenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.31	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	15.73	158	14	benzenes; phenyl acetates
dodecylbenzene [no description available]	2.58	2	0
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	6.37	4	3	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
pyrrolidine [no description available]	11.32	30	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	2.44	2	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	3.89	2	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
chloroprene Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.	2.11	1	0	chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	1.96	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	8.22	7	3	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	3.7	9	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.	1.95	1	0
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.15	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	4.78	31	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2.15	1	0
3,4-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione [no description available]	3.75	3	0
alkenes [no description available]	7.52	94	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.06	1	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	9.22	74	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	2.03	1	0	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
alovudine [no description available]	5.84	4	2	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	3.47	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
pyoluteorin pyoluteorin: from Pseudomonas fluorescens; protects various plants from diseases caused by soilborne pathogenic fungi. pyoluteorin : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 4,5-dichloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group. It is a natural product found in Pseudomonas fluorescens which exhibits antibacterial properties and is a strong inducer of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.	6.68	68	0	aromatic ketone; beta-hydroxy ketone; diol; organochlorine compound; organochlorine pesticide; polyketide; pyrroles; resorcinols	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
clometacin clometacin: structure	3.34	1	1	N-acylindole
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	3.16	5	0
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	2.88	3	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.71	3	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	4.9	33	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2	1	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	15.32	66	15	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	3.51	2	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	2.02	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
norflurazone norflurazone: structure. norflurazon : A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, chloro, and methylamino groups, respectively. A pre-emergence herbicide used to control grasses and broad-leafed weeds in a variety of crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; organochlorine compound; pyridazinone; secondary amino compound	agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; herbicide
4-hydroxy-2-ethyl-5-methyl-3(2h)-furanone 4-hydroxy-2-ethyl-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone: structure in first source. 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone : A member of the class of furans that is furan-3(2H)-one carrying additional ethyl, hydroxy and methyl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively. A key aroma compound in soy sauce and fish sauce.	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; furans	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	2.42	2	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
enterobactin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
2-methyl-3-furanthiol 2-methyl-3-furanthiol: possible off-flavor in stored orange juice	2.1	1	0	heteroarene
canadine canadine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. canadine : A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; berberine alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	5.55	6	1	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	1.95	1	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	2.42	2	0
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	5.64	7	3	pyrroline
cyclindole cyclindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.15	1	0
procymidone procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.	2	1	0
4-ipomeanol 4-ipomeanol: lung-toxic furanoterpenoid produced in moldy sweet potatoes in response to fungus infection; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.02	1	0	aromatic ketone
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.73	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	14.43	68	14	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
alinidine [no description available]	2.67	3	0
etoposide [no description available]	10.8	21	7	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	4.18	17	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.	2.02	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	3.4	1	1	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hexachlorobiphenyl
enilconazole enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.	2.75	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
4-methylhistamine 4-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.	1.98	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	histamine agonist; metabolite
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	1.98	1	0	ethanolamines
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	4.37	19	0	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.72	2	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	3.5	8	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ciclazindol ciclazindol: highly selective inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.39	2	0
thiocholine Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.	2.11	1	0
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	2.36	2	0
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.51	2	0
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	1.94	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	9.64	21	12	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.46	2	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	7.6	26	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.71	3	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2.46	2	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	7.64	54	1	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.1	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.06	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.03	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.11	1	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.08	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
rp 31264 suriclone: recognizes receptors labeled by benzodiazepines	3.08	1	0
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	3.13	4	0
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	1.98	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.44	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
closantel closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.	2.25	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organoiodine compound; phenols
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	3.36	6	0	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	3.11	5	0
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.05	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
laurocapram laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.84	3	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
n'-cyano-n-(3-pyridyl)-n''-(t-butyl)guanidine N'-cyano-N-(3-pyridyl)-N''-(t-butyl)guanidine: structure given in first source	3.23	6	0
n-cyano-n'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-n''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine N-cyano-N'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-N''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine: potassium channel opener	2.9	4	0	pyridines
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	3.64	9	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	3.93	13	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: structure; from tobacco smoke	2.07	1	0	nitrosamine; pyridines
oltipraz oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.	2.44	2	0	1,2-dithiole; pyrazines	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; protective agent; schistosomicide drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	8.91	88	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	5.94	101	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
pimonidazole pimonidazole: structure given in first source	2.47	2	0
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	3.4	1	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
sulotroban sulotroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	3.99	14	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	3.14	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.03	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
darodipine darodipine: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
dicarboxydine dicarboxydine: structure	2.13	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	17.86	183	26	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
rimcazole rimcazole: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source	2	1	0	carbazoles
bm 13505 daltroban: thromboxane antagonist	1.99	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	24.88	843	238	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	3.24	6	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	3.3	6	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	23.23	506	158	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	8.76	13	3	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	4.92	8	1	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
cicletanine [no description available]	3.08	5	0	organochlorine compound
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	3.77	10	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	8.89	14	5	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
spiradoline spiradoline: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha,8beta)-(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
antineoplaston a10 antineoplaston A10: peptide analogue isolated from human urine	3.99	1	1
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2.38	2	0	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
clentiazem clentiazem: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	2.21	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	3.7	10	0
quinelorane quinelorane: LY 175887 is dextrorotary isomer; LY 137157 is a racemic mixture	2.01	1	0	quinazolines
eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	3	4	0	salicylamides
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.11	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.79	3	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	5.09	1	1	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
prinomide prinomide: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 7/87; structure given in first source	4.46	5	1	anilide
zileuton [no description available]	2.66	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	16.96	100	33	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
liarozole liarozole: inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase; effective against hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors; R 75251 is chlorohydrate of R 61405; a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism; USAN name - liarozole fumarate	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	4.33	4	1	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
bimakalim bimakalim: potassium channel activator	5.38	11	0
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	8.14	11	3	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	13.51	61	14	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
enadoline enadoline: kappa-opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; PD 129290 (CAM 570; CI 977) is the S,S(-)-enantiomer; PD 129289 (CAM 569) is the corresponding R,R(+)-enantiomer	4.47	7	0
u 77779 bizelesin: structure given in first source	2.7	3	0
atorvastatin [no description available]	36.64	5,006	1,697	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	3.85	3	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
irinotecan [no description available]	10.63	23	8	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	4.73	6	1	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.16	1	0
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	3.35	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	1.99	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	2.13	1	0	organoiodine compound
simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.	1.99	1	0
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	7.5	4	4	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
relcovaptan relcovaptan: a nonpeptide vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	4.05	2	0	proline derivative
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	7.85	8	3	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	12.45	22	10	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	10.7	75	2	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
n-butyllithium [no description available]	2.47	2	0
trichloroacetamide [no description available]	2.41	2	0
amyl nitrate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
triphenylsulfonium ion triphenylsulfonium ion: RN given refers to chloride	2.31	1	0
1-octen-3-one 1-octen-3-one: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	olefinic compound
coomassie brilliant blue r kenacid blue: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.11	1	0
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.93	4	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	2.48	2	0
edda EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.	2.08	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; ethylenediamine derivative; glycine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; chelator
tantalum oxide tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants	2.52	2	0
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	2.42	2	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	3.1	5	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.	3.58	8	0	one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.	2.06	1	0
cuprous chloride cuprous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. copper(I) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.	2.49	2	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	agrochemical; molluscicide
rubidium chloride rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.	1.98	1	0	inorganic chloride; rubidium molecular entity	antidepressant; biomarker
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.53	2	0
tenocyclidine tenocyclidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.	1.98	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
colestipol Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.	6.81	6	2
4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone [no description available]	2.51	2	0	butenolide	metabolite
octyl glucoside octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.	2.77	3	0	beta-D-glucoside	plant metabolite
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.33	2	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	4.33	19	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	1.97	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	3.86	2	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	4.11	3	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
u 37883a U 37883A: an antagonist of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; structure given in first source	2.67	3	0
adafenoxate adafenoxate: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
rolofylline rolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agent	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	7.43	35	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	4.81	12	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
simvastatin acid simvastatin acid: structure given in first source	6.07	6	1	carbonyl compound
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
zomepirac glucuronide zomepirac glucuronide: metabolite of zomepirac; structure in first source	2.65	3	0
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	12.16	19	13	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfadoxine drug combination trimethoprim, sulfadoxine drug combination: combination of sulfadoxine & trimethoprim	2.21	1	0
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.44	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	3.39	1	1	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
cyclen cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.1	1	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	4.24	17	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
baicalin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
ro 5-3335 Ro 5-3335: inhibits gene expression by HIV-1 at the level of transcriptional trans-activation by Tat. Ro 5-3335 : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nordazepam in which the phenyl substituent has been replaced by a 1H-pyrrol-2-yl group. It inhibits gene expression in HIV-1 at the transcriptional level through interference with Tat-mediated transactivation.	4.13	16	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound; pyrroles	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; HIV-1 Tat inhibitor; RUNX1 inhibitor
prostratin prostratin: RN given refers to the (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer	2.15	1	0
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	3.22	5	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	8.39	8	3	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
allicin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
diphenylcyclopropenone diphenylcyclopropenone: strong contact sensitizer; a photosensitizing agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. diphenylcyclopropenone : A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.	2.21	1	0	cyclopropenone	drug allergen; hapten; photosensitizing agent
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	4.56	7	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.02	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
25-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2.71	3	0	25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.	1.93	1	0	2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate	2.01	1	0
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	4.84	10	0
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	1.98	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.96	4	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bathocuproine bathocuproine: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	deoxyribonucleoside
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	3.33	7	0	iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	2.02	1	0
rhodamine 110 rhodamine 110: RN given refers to chloride	2.03	1	0
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	ruthenium coordination entity	fluorochrome
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: analog of 5-oxoproline in which the 4-methylene moiety is replaced by sulfur; acts as 5-oxo-L-prolinase substrate; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; Procysteine is a trade name	1.98	1	0
o-(6)-methylguanine O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.	2.03	1	0	methylguanine	mutagen
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.47	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	4.3	4	1	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.08	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate: deprotecting cpd for peptides	2.05	1	0
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2.69	3	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
zatebradine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	benzazepine
tenilsetam tenilsetam: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
st 679 [no description available]	9.85	36	15	N-acyl-amino acid
lathosterol lathosterol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	8.08	11	9	3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid; Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenosafranine phenosafranine: structure. phenosafranine : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria red in smears to contrast with the blue Gram positive organisms.	1.95	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; photosensitizing agent
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	3.85	3	0	beta-carbolines
atrinositol [no description available]	1.99	1	0
tedisamil tedisamil : A member of the class of diazabicyclononanes that is (1s,5s)-3,7-diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,1'-cyclopentane] in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl groups. It is a potassium channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic agent currently currently in development for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.	2.89	4	0
mci-196 colestimide: a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin polymer; bile acid and methotrexate anion-exchange resin	6.5	6	3
lercanidipine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	diarylmethane
kb 3022 KB 3022: structure given in first source	3.86	12	0
abecarnil [no description available]	3.12	1	0
tallimustine tallimustine: structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
goralatide goralatide: from fetal calf bone marrow; exerts a high inhibitory activity on the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. goralatide : A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties.	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide; tetrapeptide	anti-inflammatory agent; pro-angiogenic agent
dimiracetam dimiracetam: structure given in first source; an antiamnestic agent	3.29	6	0
rilmakalim rilmakalim: potassium channel opener; rimalkalim may be a typo	2.67	3	0
repaglinide [no description available]	3.85	2	1	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	5.12	5	2	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alniditan alniditan: structure given in first source	2	1	0
methacycline [no description available]	2.41	2	0	1,2-diglyceride
zinc iodide zinc iodide: used with osmium in stains; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0
cetiedil cetiedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.41	2	0	azepanes
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	5.3	4	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hexaconazole 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the hydrogens at position 2 of the hexyl chain are replaced by hydroxy and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups.. hexaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	chelator
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.81	3	0
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate: structure in first source. anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid : A member of the class of anthraquinones that is 9,10-anthraquinone substituted at positions 2 and 6 by sulfo groups.	2.83	3	0	anthraquinone; arenesulfonic acid
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	boronic acids
sulfodiphenylamine sulfodiphenylamine: used to make single crystal silver nanowires; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
porphine porphine: structure given in first source	2.86	4	0
isocytosine 2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring bears amino and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 4, respectively.	1.99	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone
thiamorpholine thiamorpholine: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiomorpholine : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is an analogue of morpholine where the oxygen atom is replaced by sulfur.	2.25	1	0	saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; thiomorpholines
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	2.37	2	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
viridicatin viridicatin: structure. viridicatin : A hydroxyquinolone that is 3-hydroxyuinolin-2(1H)-one which is substituted at position 4 by a phenyl groups. Isolated from the mycelium of several Penicillium species, it exhibits strong antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis and also against B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae.	2.15	1	0	hydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; marine metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	5.22	16	0	phenanthroline
pyrrolo(1,2-a)quinoxaline pyrrolo(1,2-a)quinoxaline: structure in first source	4.3	17	0
pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
1h-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 1H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: structure given in first source. 4-azabenzimidazole : The [4,5-b]-fused isomer of imidazopyridine.	2.01	1	0	imidazopyridine
benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	15.85	138	10	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	4.77	5	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
1,2,4-triazine [no description available]	2.51	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; triazine
diazobenzenesulfonic acid diazobenzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0
carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone [no description available]	1.99	1	0
trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dictamnine dictamnine: furanoquinoline alkaloid; crosslinks DNA in presence of ultraviolet light	1.98	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
coumalic acid coumalic acid: RN given for parent cpd	2.31	1	0	pyranone
2-imidazoline 2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. imidazoline : An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.	2.02	1	0	imidazolines
2-aminobenzaldehyde 2-aminobenzaldehyde: structure	1.98	1	0
2,3-trimethylene-4-quinazolone 2,3-trimethylene-4-quinazolone: structure in first source	2.39	2	0	quinazolines
serinol serinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0
1,2-dithiol-3-thione 1,2-dithiol-3-thione: has antioxidant activity; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	1,2-dithiole
silver [no description available]	2.05	1	0
aureothricin aureothricin: structure. aureothricin : A dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic that is 4,5-dihydro[1,2]dithiolo[4,3-b]pyrrole in which the hydrogens at positions 4,5 and 6 have been replaced by methyl, oxo and propanoylamino groups, respectively. It is a moderate antimicrobial by-product of the thiolutin fermentation in various Streptomyces species.	4.44	7	0	dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor
4-aminoquinoline [no description available]	2.04	1	0
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.08	1	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	12.51	37	17	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	3.29	6	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.44	2	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	2.93	4	0	isourea
selfotel selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	8.52	17	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.08	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
midaglizole midaglizole: orally effective hypoglycemic agent structurally unrelated to known hypoglycemics; RN given for parent cpd	1.99	1	0
tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.	2.02	1	0	dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.08	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
trimegestone trimegestone: ligand for progesterone receptor	2.02	1	0	20-oxo steroid
sulfaperine sulfaperine: structure. sulfaperin : A substituted aniline that is sulfanilamide in which on of the hydrogens of the sulfonamide group has been replaced by a 5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl group.	2.03	1	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic	antibacterial drug
fluindione fluindione: structure	3.16	1	0	cyclic ketone; indanones
1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid: inhibits 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
1-methylhydantoin 1-methylhydantoin: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	bacterial metabolite
glycine methyl ester glycine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl glycinate : A glycinyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with methanol.	7.11	1	0	glycinyl ester	metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure in first source. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline : A member of the class of quinolines that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of quinoline.	2.05	1	0	quinolines
pentafluorobenzaldehyde pentafluorobenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
5-fluoropyrimidine [no description available]	3.18	1	0
benzocyclobutene benzocyclobutene : A carbobicyclic compound that is benzene fused to a cyclobutane ring.	2	1	0	carbobicyclic compound	metabolite
5-iodouracil 5-iodouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-iodouracil : An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position.	1.96	1	0	organoiodine compound	antimetabolite
n,n-dimethyl-4-anisidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2,3-diaminonaphthalene [no description available]	1.98	1	0
4-phenylpiperidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
6-aminouracil [no description available]	1.99	1	0	pyrimidone
2-chloroacrylonitrile 2-chloroacrylonitrile: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
2,3-dihydrofuran dihydrofuran : Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.	2.04	1	0	dihydrofuran
6-methylthioguanine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	2-aminopurines; thiopurine	human xenobiotic metabolite
n-methylphenothiazine N-methylphenothiazine: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	phenothiazines
mopidralazine [no description available]	2.37	2	0
nefiracetam [no description available]	2	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	2.02	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	2	1	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	17.22	830	12
atipamezole [no description available]	1.99	1	0
uk 68798 [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.06	1	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.71	3	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
premafloxacin [no description available]	3.52	8	0	quinolines
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	3.47	6	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
mitozolomide mitozolomide: RN & structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
aceclofenac [no description available]	2.15	1	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenacur fluphenacur: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organofluorine compound
olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure	2.25	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
indorenate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
tebuquine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.38	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fluparoxan fluparoxan: structure given in first source	6.91	12	2
quindoxin quindoxin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #702	2.1	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
prednisolone phosphate prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.	3.35	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; glucocorticoid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; glucocorticoid receptor agonist; prodrug
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	2.02	1	0
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.68	3	0
magnolol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	biphenyls
coptisine coptisine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.31	1	0	alkaloid	metabolite
narciclasine narciclasine: antitumor alkaloid from bulbs of Narcissus species	2.07	1	0	phenanthridines	metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
mesoporphyrin ix mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.	2.67	3	0
uroporphyrin i uroporphyrin I: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
picropodophyllin picropodophyllin: isolated from American May apple (Podophyllum); inhibits IGF-I autophosphorylation without interfering with tyrosine kinase activity. picropodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.	3.01	4	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
xanthydrol [no description available]	1.93	1	0
indole-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	3.31	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
rebeccamycin rebeccamycin: from actinomycete strain C-38,383; structure given in first source. rebeccamycin : An N-glycosyl compound consisting of a heteropolycyclic ring system with a glucosyl group attached to one of the indolic nitrogens.	2.76	3	0	indolocarbazole; N-glycosyl compound; organic heterohexacyclic compound; organochlorine compound
canventol canventol: structure given in first source; inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha release and protein isoprenylation	1.99	1	0
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	2.07	1	0
dauricine dauricine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dauricine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-{[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol by attachment of the phenolic oxygen of one molecule to the benzene ring of the second (ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group of the latter).	3.25	1	0	aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines; phenols; tertiary amino compound	plant metabolite
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: precursor of mutagenic nitroso cpd in soy sauce; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	harmala alkaloid
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.44	2	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups.	2.43	2	0	alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane
2,2'-dipicolylamine 2,2'-dipicolylamine: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
carbohydrazide carbohydrazide: structure. carbohydrazide : A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.. carbonyl dihydrazine : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between hydrazinecarboxylic acid and hydrazine.	2.73	3	0	carbohydrazide; one-carbon compound
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	11.03	31	3	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.52	2	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
acetylthiocholine iodide acetylthiocholine iodide: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
4-nitrobenzyloxyamine 4-nitrobenzyloxyamine: RN given refers to HCl; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 8/1/83; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	3.59	1	1	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
2-cresolphthalexon 2-cresolphthalexon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0
4-pyrrolidinopyridine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
n-acetylhistidine N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.	2.01	1	0	L-histidine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylhistidine	animal metabolite
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; primary amine	histamine agonist; metabolite
butyl isocyanide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
trimethylsilyl bromide [no description available]	2.21	1	0
cyclobutanol cyclobutanol: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene: inhibitor of indolamine-N-methyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	pyrrolopyrimidine
2,4-hexanedione [no description available]	1.96	1	0
n,n'-4-phenylenedimaleimide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	2.77	3	0	monocarboxylic acid
cobalt phthalocyanine [no description available]	2.57	2	0
isoguanine isoguanine: structure. isoguanine : An oxopurine that is 3,7-dihydro-purin-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by an amino group.	2.46	2	0	oxopurine
bendamustine hydrochloride [no description available]	4.69	3	0
prolinal [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pyrrolidines
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.38	2	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	7.35	18	2	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	imidazoles
methacrylylcholine methacrylylcholine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.31	1	0
5-aminoindole 5-aminoindole: structure in first source. 1H-indol-5-amine : An indolamine carrying an amino group at position 5.	2.1	1	0	indolamine
imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine: structure	2.08	1	0
quadricyclane quadricyclane: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
3-tropinone 3-tropinone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.07	1	0
delta(1)-pyrroline [no description available]	3.84	12	0	imine; pyrroline
1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene [no description available]	2.46	2	0
2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
2-aminoimidazole 2-aminoimidazole: from catabolism of arginine	3.85	11	0
bexarotene [no description available]	4.13	3	1	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
5-ethylphenazine [no description available]	2.41	2	0
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.48	2	0
1,5-cod 1,5-cyclooctadiene: used in production of Nylon	2.11	1	0
propagermanium propagermanium: inhibits the calcium inward currents & the potassium outward currents	2.11	1	0	organogermanium compound
biotin methyl ester [no description available]	2.06	1	0
acetaminophen glucuronide acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	drug metabolite
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	7.6	19	9	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	15.92	70	20	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2.02	1	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
tetraphenylbenzidine tetraphenylbenzidine: used as label in photoelectron microscopy; has low ionization potential; structure	2	1	0
trimethylsilyl iodide trimethylsilyl iodide: structure in first source	2	1	0
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	3.01	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile fenbuconazole: fenbuconazole is a formulant in the fungicide Enable; structure in first source. fenbuconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenbuconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, black rot and scab.. 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-chloro-4-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene substituted at position 3 of the propyl moiety by cyano and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	2.15	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; triazoles
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mepanipyrim mepanipyrim : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional methyl and 1-propynyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including grey mould on strawberries, tomatoes and cucumabers, and scab on apples and pears.	2	1	0	acetylenic compound; aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; hepatotoxic agent
cp094 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	4.59	24	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fludioxonil fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.	12.59	162	0	benzodioxoles; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrroles	androgen antagonist; antifungal agrochemical; estrogen receptor agonist
cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol: RN given refers to (3beta,4beta)-isomer	3.47	1	1
coenzyme a [no description available]	3.04	5	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	7.33	34	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors	2.17	1	0	pyrrolidines
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	11.02	62	34	iditol	fungal metabolite
2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde dihydroxybenzaldehyde : Any member of the class of benzaldehydes in which the phenyl ring is substituted by two hydroxy groups.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	3.84	2	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	7.3	24	5	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	5	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
irgarol 1051 irgarol 1051: a booster biocide; structure given in first source. irgarol 1051 : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine carrying a N-tert-butyl, N'-cyclopropyl and a methylsulfanyl group at position 6.	2.21	1	0	aryl sulfide; cyclopropanes; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	antifouling biocide; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0	isoquinolines
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	3.62	9	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
deacetyldiltiazem deacetyldiltiazem: metabolite of diltiazem; RN given refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer	2.03	1	0	benzothiazepine
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	4.19	16	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bitertanol bitertanol: a triazole fungicide; structure given in first source. bitertanol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-bitertanol in a 4:1 ratio with the enantiomeric pair (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bitertanol. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including scab, powder mildew, rusts and blackspot. It is moderately toxic to most animal and insect species but is non-toxic to honeybees.. 1-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O-1 by a biphenyl-4-yl group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; biphenyls; secondary alcohol; triazoles
tolclofos-methyl tolclofos-methyl: a fungicide used in the cultivation of cotton, sugar beets, and ornamental plants. tolclofos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is 2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group group has been replaced by a dimethoxyphosphorothioyl group. Tolclofos-methyl is a phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor and fungicide that is used for controlling soil-borne diseases caused by Typhula incarnata, Corticium rolfsii, Typhula ishikariensis, and Rhizoctonia solani.	2.01	1	0	dichlorobenzene; organic thiophosphate	antifungal agrochemical
pencycuron pencycuron: structure given in first source. pencycuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea which is substituted by p-chlorobenzyl and cyclopentyl groups at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 3. A fungicide used to control diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pellicularia spp. It is not highly toxic to mammals but is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.	2.46	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antifungal agrochemical
penconazole penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group.	2.08	1	0	dichlorobenzene; triazoles
fenpiclonil fenpiclonil : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.	3.75	10	0	dichlorobenzene; nitrile; pyrroles	antifungal agrochemical
fluazinam fluazinam: structure given in first source. fluazinam : A member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens.	2.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminopyridine; C-nitro compound; chloropyridine; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	allergen; antifungal agrochemical; apoptosis inducer; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pyriproxyfen pyriproxyfen: an insect growth regulator; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pyriproxyfen : An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position.	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether; pyridines	juvenile hormone mimic
sk&f 95282 zolantidine: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	piperidines
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	3.6	8	0	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
delta-tocopherol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	food antioxidant; plant metabolite
tylophorine tylophorine: phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid	2.02	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
fluoromisonidazole [no description available]	4.16	3	1
levobupivacaine Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.	2.06	1	0	1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide	adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.47	2	0
zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.	1.97	1	0	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent
1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine [no description available]	2	1	0
melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer	2.1	1	0	organic molecular entity
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.52	2	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	7.96	7	4	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.	3.4	1	1	tocopherol; vitamin E	algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite
n(alpha)-acetyllysine N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton.	2.4	2	0	acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	1.96	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension	2.11	1	0	catechols; L-tyrosine derivative	antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	3.58	2	0
4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxhydrazide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n'-phenylurea forchlorfenuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a phenyl group and a 2-chloropyridin-4-yl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture for improving fruit quality and fruit size.	2.17	1	0	monochloropyridine; phenylureas	plant growth regulator
erythrose D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.	2.41	2	0	erythrose	plant metabolite
pyrroline pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.	12.52	160	0	pyrroline
bursehernin bursehernin: a dibenzylbutyrolactone found in PODOPHYLLIN; analog of podorhizol; RN & N1 from CA Vol 90 Form Index; structure in first source. (-)-bursehernin : A butan-4-olide that is (-)-pluviatolide in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; butan-4-olide; lignan	plant metabolite
7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	3.95	12	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
isoluminol isoluminol: chemiluminescent label	2	1	0
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid: from Streptomyces cinnamonensis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. phenazine-1-carboxylic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.	4.28	18	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; phenazines	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
orf 1616 [no description available]	1.95	1	0
olivacine olivacine: alkaloid with antitumor & antileukemic activity isolated from Aspidosperma olivaceum; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.17	1	0
quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0
2-nitropyrrole [no description available]	3.34	6	0
atherospermine atherospermine: a dimethyl-amino-phenanthrene deriv of nuciferine; alkaloid of Atherosperma moschatum; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse with SPERMINE	1.98	1	0	alkaloid
bromotubercidin [no description available]	1.97	1	0
1,3,4-oxadiazole 1,3,4-oxadiazole: structure in first source	3.11	4	0
hydroxybenzindazole hydroxybenzindazole: structure	2.42	2	0
cellulose sulfate cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9	2.25	1	0	ether; flavonoids
tetrathiafulvalene tetrathiafulvalene: used in carbon paste amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of glucose in flowing systems. tetrathiafulvalene : A member of the class of fulvalenes that is ethene substituted by 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene groups at positions 1 and 2.	4.26	5	0	fulvalenes; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	2	1	0
phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.08	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
combretastatin combretastatin: cytotoxic principle from South African tree COMBRETUM caffrum; structure given in first source; acts at COLCHICINE site of TUBULIN	3.17	1	0
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;	1.99	1	0
verrucarin e [no description available]	2.66	3	0
8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate [no description available]	2	1	0
thiophene a thiophene A: RN not in Chemline 4/87; RN from Chem Abstracts Index Guide 1986; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
2-methyl-1,4-dinitropyrrole 2-methyl-1,4-dinitropyrrole: mutagen isolated from reaction mixture of sorbic acid & sodium nitrite; structure in first source	3.39	7	0
aminomalonic acid aminomalonic acid: aspartase-ammonia ligase inhibitor. aminomalonic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by an amino group.	2.07	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.92	4	0	pyrrolecarboxylic acid	metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.11	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	5.09	1	1	methyladenosine
octaethylporphyrin octaethylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
bis(i,i-trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate): structure in first source	2.07	1	0
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl.	2.69	2	0	phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine	human metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	10.12	44	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.37	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	9.59	12	4	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	3.41	7	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	3.17	1	0
monocrotaline pyrrole monocrotaline pyrrole: RN given refers to (13alpha,14alpha)-isomer	3.59	9	0
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	2	1	0
tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate: binds to GABA & ion recognition sites; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	organic thiophosphate
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	3.09	5	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	4.46	22	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	3.16	5	0	oligopeptide
wr 1065 WR-1065 : An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.02	1	0	alkanethiol; diamine	antioxidant; drug metabolite; radiation protective agent
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	3.61	2	0
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	3.27	6	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	1.97	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
cremophor el cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A	2.45	2	0
sr141716 [no description available]	2.74	3	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	6.47	9	1	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.31	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
u 74006f tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox	3.09	5	0	corticosteroid hormone
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin: effective against mosquitoes. cyfluthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
u 74389f U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source	2	1	0
norverapamil norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.85	2	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; secondary amino compound
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.7	3	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.76	3	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	3.3	6	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.04	1	0
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.74	3	0
dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes	2.01	1	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	4.7	9	0
dehydroretronecine dehydroretronecine: major pyrrole metabolite of monocrotaline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.06	5	0
bradykinin, des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	1.96	1	0
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	2.68	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	2.43	2	0
pregnenolone sulfate pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer	2.11	1	0	steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.08	1	0
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	3.77	11	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer	2.13	1	0
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	3.22	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist	2.68	3	0
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.08	5	0
bismuth nitrate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2.45	2	0	cholanoid
4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-o-anisidide 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-o-anisidide: 30-90 times less potent in killing L1210 cells & 200 times less potent in producing single-strand breaks in DNA than m-AMSA; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
gr 127935 GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist. GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.	3.39	7	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	5.14	10	1	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.5	2	0	beta-carbolines
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)- enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes	2.39	2	0	oligopeptide
phorbol-12-myristate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.41	1	0	proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	7.46	2	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam: metabolite of midazolam. 1-hydroxymidazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is midazolam in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of the anesthetic, midazolam.	4.46	2	2	aromatic primary alcohol; imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	drug metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite
bretazenil bretazenil: RN given for (S) isomer	3.12	1	0
4-desmethoxyverapamil [no description available]	1.97	1	0
phytoporphyrin phytoporphyrin: photodynamic agent produced in rumen of ruminants by bacterial degradation of chlorophyll	2.03	1	0
1,9-dideoxyforskolin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound	plant metabolite
cl 218872 CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure	2.17	1	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
u 74500a U 74500A: potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental CNS trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; RN given is for 3,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd; Cancer Lett 1992;64(1):61-6 uses 5,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd for U 74500A	1.99	1	0
fk 888 FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0	peptide
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	3.58	8	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
ramosetron [no description available]	2.69	3	0	indoles
cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX	2.1	1	0
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1h indole [no description available]	3.49	8	0	indoles
r 56865 R 56865: prevents electrical & mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in guinea pig papillary muscle	2.38	2	0
ml 9 [no description available]	2.41	2	0
parthenolide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	germacranolide
tryptoquivaline tryptoquivaline: tremor-producing metabolite from Aspergillus clavatus; tetrapeptide derived from tryptophan, anthranilic acid, valine, & methylalanine; structure & N1 names previously assigned to tryptoquivaline C & tryptoquivaline D found to be incorrect & are revised in third source; see also record for tryptoquivalone; structure in third source	2.05	1	0
dynorphin (1-8) dynorphin (1-8): opioid octapeptide from porcine hypothalamus; comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin	2.06	1	0
sch 28080 Sch 28080: not related structurally to other known anti-ulcer agents; inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric secretion; prevents gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin & ethanol	2.5	2	0	imidazopyridine
senktide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	5.62	7	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	4.84	33	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.69	3	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.02	1	0
zacopride [no description available]	1.98	1	0	benzamides
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	6.39	22	2
tadalafil [no description available]	3.46	1	1	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
glycofurol [no description available]	2.02	1	0
propizepine propizepine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym UP 106 refers to HCl; structure	3.13	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
5,6-dihydroxyindole [no description available]	2.97	4	0	dihydroxyindole	mouse metabolite
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	3.57	9	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
u 73343 U 73343: an inactive analog of U 73122	2.41	2	0
3-deoxyglucosone 3-deoxyglucosone: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. 3-deoxyglucosone : A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.	4.79	7	1	deoxyglucose; deoxyketohexose
opc 21268 OPC 21268: structure given in first source; vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist	3.11	1	0
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.1	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
1,3-di-(1-pyrenyl)propane 1,3-di-(1-pyrenyl)propane: intramolecular eximer probe	2.02	1	0
quadazocine quadazocine: RN given refers to (2 alpha,6 alpha,11S*)-(+-)-isomer	1.98	1	0
way 100135 WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	piperazines
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
fe(ii)-edta Fe(II)-EDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	iron coordination entity
tifluadom tifluadom: acts on opiate receptors; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	benzodiazepine
sc 58125 1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole: a COX-2 inhibitor	2.03	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
2',6'-pipecoloxylidide 2',6'-pipecoloxylidide: major metabolite of bupivacaine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	amino acid amide
cp 65,526 azidoprazosin: labeled with 125I	2.05	1	0
tafenoquine tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.	1.99	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound
duocarmycin sa duocarmycin SA: structure similar to CC-1065 and yatakemycin, composed of a pyrrolo-indole plus an indole; isolated from Streptomyces	8.02	72	0
2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1h)-one 2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-one: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
clofarabine [no description available]	4.06	2	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
u 99194a (5,6-dimethoxyindan-2-yl)dipropylamine: has 20-fold preference for D3 versus D2 dopamine receptors	2.42	2	0
2-pyrrolino-dox AN 204: structure in first source	6.29	28	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde : A phenylacetaldehyde in which the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl group are substituted by hydroxy groups.	2.54	2	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; catechols; phenylacetaldehydes	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bw 245c BW 245C: a selective DP receptor agonist. BW 245C : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,4S)- and (3S,4R)-BW 245C. A hydantoin-based prostglandin analogue.. 7-[3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]heptanoic acid : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 7-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)heptanoic acid in which the imidazoline ring as substituted at position 3 by a 3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) group.	2.02	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol
n-methylprotoporphyrin ix N-methylprotoporphyrin IX: inhibitor of ferrochelatase	1.96	1	0
cd 349 CD 349: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
iodofiltic acid iodofiltic acid: labeled with 123 I for myocardial imaging; RN given refers to unlabeled, non-isomeric cpd	3.48	1	1
sch 23982 8-iodo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine-7-ol: labeled with 125I; D-1 dopamine receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
mozavaptan mozavaptan: aquaretic agent; vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	6.1	8	0	benzamides	aquaretic
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	3.3	6	0
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	2.68	3	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	3.46	7	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,3,4-thiadiazole 1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	thiadiazole
5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid : A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.	3.12	5	0	dihydroxyindole	mouse metabolite
1-hydroxyethyl radical ethoxide : An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol.	1.98	1	0	organic anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD	2.97	4	0	xanthones
muricholic acid muricholic acid: internal standard in analysis of fecal bile acids; RN given refers to (3 alpha,5 beta)-isomer	2.01	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6-hydroxy steroid; 7-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	1.99	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
renzapride [no description available]	2.38	2	0
lexitropsin lexitropsin: structure given in first source; information reading oligopeptide	4.02	4	0
mosapride 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound
pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.	7.28	29	0	imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; cross-linking reagent
valdecoxib [no description available]	2.02	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
n-iodosuccinimide [no description available]	2.48	2	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone
phenazine-1-carboxamide phenazine-1-carboxamide: used as a root colonization. phenazine-1-carboxamide : An aromatic amide that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carbamoyl group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenazines
n-acetyltyramine N-acetyltyramine: structure given in first source. N-acetyltyramine : A member of the class of tyramines that is tyramine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; tyramines	animal metabolite; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor
12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid: emits radioluminescence when excited by radioactive decay of tritium	2.01	1	0
y 26763 Y 26763: structure given in first source; an active metabolite of Y 27152	3.24	6	0	1-benzopyran
sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
dup 734 DuP 734: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
ici 200355 ICI 200355: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
nip 121 NIP 121: structure given in first source	3.85	12	0
1,2-dioxetane [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bms 180448 BMS 180448: a potassium channel opener with cardioprotective and vasodilator properties; BMS-180426 is enantiomer with no antiischemic activity; structure in first source	5.64	10	0
desethylamodiaquine desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine	2.05	1	0
tenax tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds	2.48	2	0
5-s-cysteinyldopamine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	S-conjugate
pd 117302 PD 117302: RSD-921 is the ((+)-trans)-isomer	6.24	46	0
magnesium pyrophosphate magnesium pyrophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd (2:1)	2.69	3	0
2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine 2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine: formed by Maillard recaction of bovine serum albumin with glucose; RN refers to (S)-isomer. 1-(L-norleucin-6-yl)pyrraline : An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-lysine with glucose.. pyrraline : A pyrrole having formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively; useful as indicator of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).	10.31	66	2	L-lysine derivative; N-substituted pyrraline; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
vasotocin, 1-(beta-mercapto-(beta, beta-cyclopentamethylene)propionic acid)-tyr(om3)(2)-orn(8)- [no description available]	2.03	1	0
piperaquine piperaquine : An aminoquinoline that is 1,3-di(piperazin-1-yl)propane in which the nitrogen at position 4 of each of the piperazine moieties is replaced by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group.	2.1	1	0	aminoquinoline; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	antimalarial
5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	acetate ester	fluorochrome
emoxypine succinate emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects	2.11	1	0
1-((beta-mercapto-beta)beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(o-ethyl-tyr)-4-val-9-des-gly-arginine vasopressin 1-((beta-mercapto-beta)beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-Tyr)-4-Val-9-des-Gly-arginine vasopressin: vasopressin receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (D-Tyr)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89	2	1	0
4-amino-5-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine 4-amino-5-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine: structure given in first source; 5-bromotubercidin in which the ribose is replaced by 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl	2.89	4	0
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.07	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
imidodiphosphonic acid imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.51	2	0
dehydroacetic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	ketone; pyran-2,4-dione	antibacterial agent; fungicide; plasticiser
n-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-n-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1h-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide: structure given in first source; purinergic receptor antagonist	2	1	0
benzyne benzyne: structure in first source. benzyne : 1,2-didehydrobenzene and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.57	2	0	aryne; benzyne
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	4.64	25	0	carbene; methanediyl
diazene [no description available]	7.13	1	0	nitrogen hydride
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.96	4	0	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	2.76	3	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
1,3-indandione 1,2-indanedione: use for detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	5.34	16	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	21.55	333	40	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	12.16	40	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1h)-one 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	3.64	2	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
zk 91296 ZK 91296: structure in first source	2	1	0
bay x 1005 2-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source;	2.71	3	0
kf 17837s KF 17837: adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonist; KF17837S is the equilibrium mixture of (E)- and (Z)-isomers	2	1	0
7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one: structure. 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one : A cholestanoid consisting of a cholesterol core having an oxo group at the 3-position, a C=C bond at the 4,5-position and an alpha-hydroxy group at the 7-position.	4.66	3	2	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bdf 9148 BDF 9148: sodium channel activator; structure given in first source; BDF 9196 - S enantiomer; LY-341311 is the (S)-isomer and monohydrate	1.98	1	0
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose galactosyl-(1-3)galactose: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer	2.06	1	0	O-acyl carbohydrate
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.4	2	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	7.5	16	1	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	3.42	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
p(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate P(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: inert toward Na pump; can be incorporated into vesicles & on continuous irradiation forms ATP; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	6.33	8	5	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
hoe 694 3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine: structure given in first source; a potent inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger	2	1	0
ramatroban [no description available]	3.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	2.99	4	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	3.1	5	0
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	diarylmethane
n-cyano-n'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate N-cyano-N'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate: structure given in first source	4.18	17	0
27-hydroxycholesterol (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.	2.45	2	0	26-hydroxycholesterol	apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function	2.95	4	0
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.02	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
dehydroalanine 2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.	2.11	1	0	2,3-dehydroamino acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; enamine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	alkylating agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
coenzyme f420 coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.	2.25	1	0
cp 93129 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrid-5-one: serotonin agonist; structure given in first source	6.86	102	0	pyrrolopyridine
fraxinellone fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer	1.98	1	0	2-benzofurans
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	3.21	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
1-(2-(decylthio)ethyl)azacyclopentane-2-one 1-(2-(decylthio)ethyl)azacyclopentane-2-one: used as a penetration enhancer for topical applications	3.87	12	0
iguratimod iguratimod: an immunosuppressive agent	2.1	1	0	organic molecular entity
6-bromo-8-methylaminoimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile 6-bromo-8-methylaminoimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile: a smooth muscle relaxant that opens potassium channels	2.68	3	0
3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-n-oxyl 3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-N-oxyl: a blood–brain barrier-permeative, redox-senstitive probe in electron paramagnetic resonance imaging	1.96	1	0
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist	2.17	1	0
2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	dihydroxypyrrolidine
dibutyryl cyclic-3',5'-cytidine monophosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cl 277082 CL 277082: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
mcn 5707 McN 5707: structure given in UD	4.01	4	0
7-goniofufurone 7-goniofufurone: from Goniothalamus giganteus; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
4-amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine [no description available]	4.61	8	0
lestaurtinib [no description available]	5.38	7	0	indolocarbazole
rwj 26629 RWJ 26629: structure given in first source; RN refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer	2.67	3	0
methotrexate [no description available]	21.25	173	59	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
pyrrolidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
reboxetine Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether
n-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone N-(beta-oxooctan-1-oyl)homoserine lactone: involved in conjugation and tra gene regulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
adn 138 ADN 138: structure given in first source	2.89	4	0
phe-cyclo(cys-tyr-trp-lys-val-cys)thr-nh2 RC 121: RN given refers to (D-Trp)-isomer	3.1	5	0
cgp 361a isamoltane: structure given in first source	2	1	0
murrayaquinone a murrayaquinone A: a carbazole alkaloid from Murraya (Rutaceae); structure given in first source	3.17	1	0
porphycene porphycene: photodynamic therapy agent; structure given in first source	7.44	2	0
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
ro 32-0432 [no description available]	6.42	53	0
vb 20b7 2-(1-(4-piperonyl)piperazinyl)benzothiazole: a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-n-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide 3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide: a 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonist; RN given refers to HCl salt	3.4	7	0
tilivalline tilivalline: a pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine derivative with an 11-beta-indole substituent; found in secondary metabolites of Klebsiella pneumoniae var. oxytoca; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (11S-cis)-isomer. tilivalline : A pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine substituted by an oxo group at position 5, by a hydroxy group at position 9, and by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 11S. It is a natural product discovered in Klebsiella oxytoca which is the causative toxin in antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis. It exhibits a microtubule-stabilizing activity that leads to mitotic arrest in the host cells.	2.31	1	0	indole alkaloid; indoles; phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine	bacterial metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; toxin
7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylthio)pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine 7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylthio)pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine: an oltipraz metabolite; also called metabolite III; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
pyrroxamycin pyrroxamycin: isolated from Streptomyces sp. S46506; structure given in first source	3.6	9	0	benzodioxine
tamsulosin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
eutypine eutypine: isolated from Eutypa lata; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
sdz pco 400 SDZ PCO 400: a potassium channel opening drug	2.67	3	0	1-benzopyran
6-n-aziridinyl-3-hydrox-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyrrolo(1,2-a)benzimidazole-5,8-dione 3-acetate 6-N-aziridinyl-3-hydrox-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo(1,2-a)benzimidazole-5,8-dione 3-acetate: RN & structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1h-imidazole 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole: fluorescent chromophore from reaction of polypeptides with glucose; structure given in first source	3.09	1	0
way 120491 WAY 120491: RN given refers to the (3S-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/91	2.67	3	0
flustramine b flustramine B: from Flustra foliacea L.; exhibits muscle relaxant activity both in vivo & in vitro; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
talotrexin N(alpha)-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-N(delta)-hemiphthaloyl-L-ornithine: RN refers to (S)-isomer	2.03	1	0
gamma-carboline gamma-carboline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	pyridoindole
dau 6236 [no description available]	2.39	2	0
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine: amino acid sequence given in first source; corresponds to an active site on laminin	2.58	2	0
brl 55834 BRL 55834: potassium channel activator	2.39	2	0
ganoine ganoine: structure given in first source; isolated from Ganoderma capense	3.09	5	0
serotonin-o-carboxymethyl-gly-tyr serotonin-O-carboxymethyl-Gly-Tyr: structure given in first source; ligand for serotonin receptor subtypes	2.69	3	0
n-(3-ethoxycarbonyloxirane-2-carbonyl)-isoleucyl-proline [no description available]	2.02	1	0
reveromycin a reveromycin A: from an actinomycete strain; structure given in first source; inhibits the mitogenic activity of the epidermal growth factor	3.11	1	0
ly 274614 LY 235959: RN refers to (3S-(3alpha,4aalpha,6beta,8aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0
2h-1,4-benzoxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitro-4-(2-pyridinyl)-, n-oxide 2H-1,4-benzoxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitro-4-(2-pyridinyl)-, N-oxide: structure given in first source; a potassium channel opener	2.39	2	0
l 694247 L 694247: a 5-HT(1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source	2	1	0	tryptamines
c 1311 C 1311: an imidazoacridinone; arrests cell-cycle progression in the G2 phase of L1210 cells; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
cgp 52432 [no description available]	2	1	0	dichlorobenzene
ici d2138 ICI D2138: structure given in first source; inhibitor of leukotriene B4 synthesis	2.01	1	0
sc 53116 SC 53116: serotonin agonist; pyrrolizidine cpd but not alkaloid; structure given in first source	4.01	14	0
ly 293284 LY 293284: a conformationally restricted tryptamine derivative; a 5-HT 1A receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0
sl 84.0418 SL 84.0418: potential antidiabetic for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes; structure given in first source	5.16	11	1
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis	2.06	1	0	phenylindole
cp 122288 CP 122288: activates the trigeminovascular receptor blocking neurogenic inflammation within dura mater; a 5-HT1 receptor agonist	2.39	2	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	7.84	16	5	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
abiraterone [no description available]	5.46	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
ivabradine Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.	3.48	1	1	aromatic ether; benzazepine; carbobicyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiotonic drug
l 741742 L 741742: selective toward D4 receptors; structure in first source	1.99	1	0	primary amine
ml-3000 [no description available]	14.32	103	9
ba 41899 BA 41899: a 1,5-benzodiazocine derivative; a positive inotropic Ca(2+)-sensitizing agent; CGP-48506 is the (+)-isomer; CGP-48508 is the (-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2	1	0
sonepiprazole [no description available]	2.4	2	0
pyrrolomycin a pyrrolomycin A: chlorinated nitropyrrole from Actinomycetes strain SF-2080; structure given in first source. pyrrolomycin A : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole which is substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 3 and by a nitro group position 4. It is the simplest member of the pyrrolomycins, a family of natural products found in several species of the Streptomyces genus. The compound is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some genera of fungi.	4.18	5	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound; pyrroles	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite
sk&f 83959 SK&F 83959: induces grooming & vacuous chewing; agonist of dopamine D1-like receptors that inhibits dopamine sensitive adenylyl cyclase. N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a 3-methylphenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 6 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.	2.07	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine agonist
(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate: thiol-specific spin label; structure given in first source. (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate : An aminooxyl that is pyrroline substituted by an oxidanediyl group at position 1, by methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 5 and 5, and by a [(methylsulfonyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3. It is a highly reactive thiol-specific spin label.	2.07	1	0	aminoxyls; pyrroline; thiosulfonate ester	spin label
l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source	3.72	10	0	piperidines
pyrrolomycin c pyrrolomycin C: from Streptomyces strain SF-2080; structure given in first source	3.37	7	0
pyrrolomycin d pyrrolomycin D: from Streptomyces strain SF-2080; structure given in first source	2.88	4	0
au 8001 AU 8001: structure given in first source	2.88	4	0
8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate 8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: inhibits growth of human cancer cells; the Rp-isomer is more potent than the Sp-isomer; RN given refers to the (S)- isomer	2.43	2	0
carbapenems [no description available]	4.94	4	0
sg 209 SG 209: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
pomalidomide 3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source	7.4	4	1	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
ethylketocyclazocine Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.	2.68	3	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	3.26	6	0	D-xylose
tolmetin glycinamide [no description available]	5.03	5	2
fulvene fulvene: structure. fulvene : An organic cyclic compound that consists of cyclopentadiene bearing a methylene substituent. The parent of the class of fulvenes.	2.07	1	0	fulvenes
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	3.86	11	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
boron difluoride boron difluoride: structure in first source	2.8	3	0
dipyrromethane [no description available]	5.71	25	0	dipyrrole
cyclohexadienone cyclohexadienone: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
sperm motility inhibitor 2 [no description available]	4.56	4	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	14.07	184	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.49	2	0
3-nitropyrrole [no description available]	4.89	11	0
triphenylselenonium chloride triphenylselenonium chloride: possesses significant chemopreventive activity against chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis	2.31	1	0
pyrindamycin a pyrindamycin A: isolated from Streptomyces sp. SF2582	4.7	9	0
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination: female oral combined contraceptive containing 30 mcg (0.030 mg) Ethinyl Estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Androstenes)	7.5	4	4
duocarmycin b2 duocarmycin B2: from Streptomyces sp. DO-89	4.34	6	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	14.73	58	24	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
perifosine [no description available]	2.8	3	0	ammonium betaine; phospholipid	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	cyclohexenones
kc 399 KC 399: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener	2.9	4	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	4.56	7	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	18.86	136	67	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	6.41	31	0
pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid: a degradation product of melanins	2.95	4	0
3-deoxyglucose [no description available]	1.99	1	0
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	10.37	33	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
vatalanib [no description available]	8.94	19	1	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide [no description available]	2.6	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	8.74	8	6	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
as 3201 ranirestat: an aldose reductase inhibitor; AS-3201 and SX-3202 are the (R-(-))- and (S-(+))-isomers, respectively; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ruboxistaurin ruboxistaurin: inhibits protein kinase C beta; structure in first source	5.22	6	0
bazedoxifene [no description available]	2.08	1	0	phenylindole
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	2.95	4	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
cyanopindolol [no description available]	3.1	5	0	indoles
tolmetin glucuronide tolmetin glucuronide: structure given in first source; metabolite of tolmetin; has been correlated with irreversible binding of the drug to blood proteins	1.97	1	0	glucosiduronic acid
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.42	2	0	morpholines
varespladib [no description available]	6.45	3	3	aromatic ether; benzenes; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; primary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory drug; antidote; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
ym 09151-2 nemonapride: structure in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. nemonapride : A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.. (2R,3R)-nemonapride : An optically active form of nemonapride having (2R,3R)-configuration.	1.99	1	0	N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzamide
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	10.19	25	12	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
canertinib [no description available]	5.98	5	0	monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
birb 796 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; morpholines; naphthalenes; pyrazoles; ureas	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator
thionium [no description available]	2.1	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	7.55	40	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
sceptrin sceptrin: structure given in first source; isolated from marine sponges of the genus Agelas; RN from CHEMLINE	5.33	17	0	pyrroles; secondary carboxamide
naphthalenediimide naphthalenediimide: structure in first source	2.54	2	0
lubiprostone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
satavaptan satavaptan: a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	9.38	17	0
win 64821 WIN 64821: a dimerized Trp-Phe condensate; structurally similar to verticillins and chaetocins; a nonpeptide neurokinin antagonist; structure given in first source; substance P antagonist	2.51	2	0
atazanavir sulfate Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.	8.1	8	4	organic sulfate salt
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.79	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
nps-568 N-(2-chlorophenylpropyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine: NPS-568 is the ((R), HCl salt)-isomer; calcimimetic compound and calcium-sensing receptor agonist	2.31	1	0
tipifarnib [no description available]	8.93	6	4	imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
torcetrapib [no description available]	14.48	46	23	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; carbamate ester; quinolines	anticholesteremic drug; CETP inhibitor
gadolinium oxide gadolinium oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Gd2-O3	2.25	1	0
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	6.09	3	0	pyrrolidines
resiquimod S 28463: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	imidazoquinoline
ungeremine ungeremine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
indium trichloride indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.31	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	4.3	17	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	2.61	2	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.42	2	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	5.56	8	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.71	3	0	carbodiimide
carbazic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; one-carbon compound
coclaurine coclaurine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. (S)-coclaurine : The (S)-enantiomer of coclaurine.	2.31	1	0	coclaurine
anonaine anonaine: smooth muscle relaxant; aporphine alkaloid isolated from roots of Annona cherimolia; structure in first source. (-)-annonaine : An aporphine alkaloid that exhibits anti-cancer, trypanocidal and antiplasmodial activites.	2.17	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle	antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; trypanocidal drug
liensinine liensinine: RN given for (R-(R,R))-isomer	3.25	1	0	isoquinolines
zinc hematoporphyrin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-phenyl-4-oxohydroquinoline 2-phenyl-4-oxohydroquinoline: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
cerous chloride cerous chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeCl3	2.07	1	0	cerium coordination entity
4,5-dibromo-2-pyrrolic acid 4,5-dibromo-2-pyrrolic acid: isol from marine sponge Agelas flabelliformis; structure given in first source	2.97	4	0
glycine chloramine glycine chloramine: removes dental caries	1.95	1	0
4-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide [no description available]	4.43	6	0
pyridoxal 5'-sulfate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
lhrh, lys(6)- [no description available]	2	1	0
gyki 12743 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
4-oxopentanal 4-oxopentanal: an indoor pollutant; structure in first source. 4-oxopentanal : A ketoaldehyde that is pentanal substituted by an oxo group at position 4.	2.46	2	0	ketoaldehyde	metabolite
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	2.39	2	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
my 12-62c MY 12-62c: from Pseudomonas methanica KY4634. 2-heptyl-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2.. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline : A monohydroxyquinoline that is 4-hydroxyquinoline bearing an additional heptyl substituent at position 2.	2.25	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	antibacterial agent; iron chelator; metabolite; signalling molecule
delta-1-piperidine-6-carboxylic acid delta-1-piperidine-6-carboxylic acid: intermediate in Pseudomonas lysine metabolism; structure. 1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid : A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position.	2.42	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydropyridine	mammalian metabolite
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	1.94	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	2.03	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	4.1	3	1	monoterpenoid
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.63	3	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
2'-deoxy-3'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-3'-adenosine monophosphate: inhibitor of adenylate cyclase; see also record for 2',5' cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate : A 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate having a monophosphate group located at the 3'-position.	1.99	1	0	2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate
protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester: RN given refers to protoporphyrin IX 18-monomethyl ester. protoporphyrin monomethyl ester : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is the monomethyl ester of protoporphyrin.	2.4	2	0
boswellic acid boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal	2.11	1	0	triterpenoid
2-acetyl-2-thiazoline 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline: structure in first source	3.52	2	0	thiazoles
n-acetylneuraminyl-(2-6)-galactose N-acetylneuraminyl-(2-6)-galactose: structure given in first source; RN given refers to D-Gal	2.13	1	0
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	3.59	2	0
n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine: metabolite of melatonin; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	aromatic ketone
2-hydroxyhemopyrroline-5-one 2-hydroxyhemopyrroline-5-one: structure	4.49	7	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	5.36	21	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	10.85	69	9	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
5-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin 5-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
lixivaptan [no description available]	15.44	69	10
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	7.78	9	8	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
2,10,11-trihydroxy-n-n-propylnoraporphine 2,10,11-trihydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine: has dopaminergic action	2.01	1	0
gabaculine gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.	2.9	4	0	5-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium: structure given in first source. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is ethyl.	2.1	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	5.14	15	0
7-hydroxy-5,11-dioxotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid [no description available]	6.47	3	3	prostanoid
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	3.21	5	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	4.19	16	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nbi 27914 [no description available]	2.44	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.52	2	0	indoles; maleimides
enzastaurin [no description available]	5.24	3	1	indoles; maleimides
zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor	2.02	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	16.25	71	12	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
cilengitide Cilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cells	3.86	2	1	oligopeptide
lu 135252 [no description available]	2.1	1	0
agn 193109 AGN 193109: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
piboserod Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.	2.44	2	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	10.05	21	4	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
stenine stenine: from Stemona tuberosa; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
zeneca zd 6169 Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source	2.9	4	0
agelastatin a agelastatin A: structure in first source	3.14	5	0
antalarmin antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).	9.33	170	0	pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist
manzacidin a manzacidin A: structure in first source	4.53	7	0
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.58	2	0
ceric ammonium nitrate cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate: a catalyst	2.05	1	0
psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.	3.42	1	1	very long-chain fatty acid
stemonamine stemonamine: isolated from Stemona japonica; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
3-(piperidine-1-yl)propyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate hydrochloride 3-(piperidine-1-yl)propyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate hydrochloride: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0
topsentin a topsentin A: number of carbony group = 1 for topsentin A and no carbonyl group for nortopsentin B and D; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile: a biocide and antifouling agent. tralopyril : A pyrrole resulting from the N-dealkylation of the ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide chlorfenapyr.	4.4	17	0	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	acaricide; antifouling biocide; insecticide
aezs 124 N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-2,5-dichloroaniline: inhibitor of platelet aggregation; structure	2.73	3	0
melagatran [no description available]	3.4	1	1	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
a 2545 A 2545: structure in first source	4.48	5	1
propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.11	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.61	2	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
trachelanthamidine trachelanthamidine: structure given in first source	7.47	2	0	pyrrolizines
8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile 8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
ngd 94-1 NGD 94-1: D(4) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2	1	0
ascididemin ascididemin: can be viewed as a fused phenanthroline with quinoline; from the Mediterranean ascidian Cystodytes dellechiajei; structure in first source	3.18	1	0
aphanorphine aphanorphine: isolated from the fresh water blue-green alga; structure in first source	3.82	11	0
epiaustraline epiaustraline: structure in first source	2.72	3	0
mk 912 L 657743: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
o-benzoylhydroxylamine O-benzoylhydroxylamine: oxidizing agent	2.03	1	0
methyl-1alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oate methyl-1alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oate: structure; RN given refers to (1alpha,7alpha)-isomer	1.93	1	0
phenserine phenserine: a carbamate analog of physostigmine; a long-acting inhibitor of cholinesterase	2.03	1	0
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	2.11	1	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
1,5-dioxepan-2-one 1,5-dioxepan-2-one: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
phycoerythrobilin phycoerythrobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycoerythrin protein	4.34	20	0
2,4-divinylprotochlorophyllide [no description available]	2.38	2	0
etravirine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nothapodytine b nothapodytine B: isolated from Nothapodytes foetida; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
6-(n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione 6-(N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: forms a conjugate with progesterone; conjugate used for immunoassay of plasma progesterone	2.02	1	0	phthalazines
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	4	0	iron coordination entity
be 18591 BE 18591: isolated from streptomycete; has 2 conjugated pyrrole rings; inhibits growth of MKN-45 human stomach cancer cell line as well as P388 cell line; structure in first source	3.1	5	0
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	3.47	1	1	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
yh 1885 YH 1885: proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.	2.08	1	0	anabasine
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	3.42	1	1
lapatinib [no description available]	12.64	44	3	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone: structure in first source	2.78	3	0	aromatic ketone
pinoxaden pinoxaden: structure in first source. pinoxaden : A pyrazolooxadiazepine that is 7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin which is substituted at positions 8 and 9 by 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl and pivaloyloxy groups, respectively. A pro-herbicide (by hydrolysis of the pivalate ester to give the corresponding enol), it is used for control of grass weeds in cereal crops.	2.06	1	0	pivalate ester; pyrazolooxadiazepine	agrochemical; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; proherbicide; xenobiotic
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.41	1	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
n-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide: structure in first source. fenhexamid : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.	2.47	2	0	anilide fungicide; aromatic amide; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	7.5	4	4	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
azd2563 posizolid: an antitubercular agent; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
ilaprazole ilaprazole: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	benzimidazoles; sulfoxide
dabigatran Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.	5.49	5	1	aromatic amide; benzimidazoles; beta-alanine derivative; carboxamidine; pyridines	anticoagulant; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tolvaptan [no description available]	10.76	33	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	23.36	663	41	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	9.55	14	1	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
senicapoc senicapoc: a Gardos channel blocker; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
n-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide N-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide: structure in first source. indisulam : A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development.	2.31	1	0	chloroindole; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.14	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	1.93	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	7.47	2	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	1.95	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.46	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
gossypol acetic acid [no description available]	5.5	4	1
ferrocene dicarboxylic acid ferrocene dicarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
colchiceine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic ketone
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	7.98	10	3	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	2.77	3	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
propargylamine propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	8.54	8	0
lanosterol [no description available]	3.44	1	1	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin	2.13	1	0
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.93	4	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	12.11	35	0
chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer curine: structure in first source	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.46	2	0	potassium salt
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	2.44	2	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
acetylstrophanthidin acetylstrophanthidin: structure. acetylstrophanthidin : An acetate ester that is strophanidin acetylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	acetate ester	anti-arrhythmia drug
indicine-n-oxide indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R,3S),7abeta))-isomer; structure	1.97	1	0
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.83	3	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
n-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole N-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
elesclomol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrazide; thiocarbonyl compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
pnu 120596 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea: an alpha7nAChR agonist; structure in first source	3.2	5	0	ureas
wortmannin [no description available]	4.38	20	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	4.86	31	0	gamma-lactam; indolinone
pentabromopseudilin pentabromopseudilin: structure given in first source	3.76	10	0	pyrroles	metabolite
rocaglamide rocaglamide: RN refers to (1alpha,2alpha,3beta,3abeta,8bbeta)-isomer; isolated from stems of Aglaia elliptifolia; structure given in first source. rocaglamide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8b, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 8, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3a, a phenyl group at position 3 and a N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group at position 1. Isolated from Aglaia odorata and Aglaia duperreana, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; organic heterotricyclic compound	antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
esermethole esermethole: structure in first source	2.77	3	0
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	3.49	2	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
adozelesin [no description available]	3.1	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	4.07	4	0
interferon-gamma aplysamine-1: from sponge Aplysia sp.; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
australine australine: RN & structure given in first source; inhibits amyloglucosidase & glycoprotein processing	3	4	0
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	2.01	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bortezomib [no description available]	12.29	55	2	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	3	4	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	9.71	16	7	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
sjg 136 1,1'-((propane-1,3-diyl)dioxy)bis(7-methoxy-2-methylidene-1,2,3,10,11,11a-hexahydro-5H-pyrrolo(2,1-c)(1,4)benzodiazepin-5,11-dione): structure in first source	8.69	30	3
mrs 1191 MRS 1191: a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	cinnamate ester
aglafoline aglafoline: a platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source; isolated from Aglaia elliptifolia. aglafolin : A heterotricyclic compound based on a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a and methoxy groups at C-6 and C-8. A platelet aggregation inhibitor found in Aglaia elliptifolia and Aglaia odorata.	2.07	1	0	methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
diazonamide a diazonamide A: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
lb42908 LB42908: structure in first source. LB42908 : A member of the class of pyrrolecarboxamides that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by [1-(3a,7a-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]methyl, (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl, and naphthalen-1-yl groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Ras farnesyltransferase (IC50= 0.9nM against H-Ras and 2.4nM against K-Ras) with potential anticancer activity.	2.03	1	0
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	11.21	26	0
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2.1	1	0
5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline: structure in first source	3.16	1	0
daunosamine daunosamine: amino sugar moiety common to adriamycin & daunomycin; RN given refers to (L-lyxo)-isomer; see also ristosamine, (L-ribo)-isomer: 51869-30-8 & acosamine, (L-arabino)-isomer: 41094-24-0; structure	2.06	1	0
gant 61 GANT 61: a sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor and Gli inhibitor; structure in first source. GANT61 : An aminal that is hexahydropyrimidine which is substituted on each nitrogen by a 2-(dimethylamino)benzyl group, and at the aminal carbon by a pyridin-4-yl group. A Hedgehog signaling pathway and Gli protein inhibitor.	2.13	1	0	aminal; dialkylarylamine; pyridines; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.85	11	0
carboplatin [no description available]	11.98	27	18
griselimycin griselimycin: an antitubercular agent; isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
anatoxin a anatoxin a: found in Anabaena; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS) 1978-2006; also see anatoxin-a(s)	2.02	1	0	tropane alkaloid
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	3.23	5	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
leptomycin b [no description available]	2.15	1	0
5'-methylthioadenosine 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.	2.02	1	0	thioadenosine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	3.23	6	0
arabinose [no description available]	2.68	3	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.15	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	6.31	14	1	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	8.36	41	2	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.94	4	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	6.17	10	1	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	6.83	7	1	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	2.76	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	12.33	84	8	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.07	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.46	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.47	2	0
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	3.23	1	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	4.07	15	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
dithioerythritol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.	2.15	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine	geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	4.96	12	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
cysteinylglycine cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.	3.79	2	1	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	5.1	14	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	3.55	9	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.11	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
desmosterol Desmosterol: An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.. desmosterol : A cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol.	4.42	2	2	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	2.51	2	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	1.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.01	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
protochlorophyllide Protochlorophyllide: A photo-active pigment localized in prolamellar bodies occurring within the proplastids of dark-grown bean leaves. In the process of photoconversion, the highly fluorescent protochlorophyllide is converted to chlorophyll.. protochlorophyllide : An analogue of chlorophyll that lacks the phytol side-chain. The parent of the protochlorophyllide class.	4.48	7	0
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	4.43	22	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid: structure. 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid zwitterion : A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the nitrogen of 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid; major species at pH 7.3.. 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid : The product resulting from formal oxidation of DL-proline by loss of hydrogen from the nitrogen and from the carbon alpha to the carboxylic acid, with the formation of a C=N bond.	1.95	1	0	1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid; zwitterion
1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene: intermediate in polyketide biosynthesis. naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol : A naphthalenetetrol that is naphthalene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 8.	2	1	0	naphthalenetetrol
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	2.41	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	2.03	1	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
obamegine obamegine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.31	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	4.36	6	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	3.22	6	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	4.46	5	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	4.14	5	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	3.11	5	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.1	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	5.21	4	1	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	5.37	5	3	benzazocine
linezolid [no description available]	3.17	5	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.01	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
indican [no description available]	2.68	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	4.08	15	0
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
ingenol [no description available]	2.25	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
phorbol phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.	1.98	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
physovenine physovenine: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	indoles
parthenin parthenin: sesqiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus; structure; RN given refers to 3aS-(3aalpha,6beta,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)-isomer	2.57	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
naringin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	3.29	6	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
cucurbitine cucurbitine: active ingredient from pumpkin seeds; should not be confused with cucurbitin (globulin); RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.34	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
myosmine myosmine: alkaloid found in Nicotiana; structure. myosmine : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl group at position 3. It is an alkaloid found in tobacco plants and exhibits genotoxic effects.	1.94	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyrroline	EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; mutagen; plant metabolite
cyclopamine [no description available]	3.17	5	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.96	4	0
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	2.1	1	0
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
bq 485 BQ 485: an endothelin ET(A)receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	peptide
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.42	2	0	cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	3.95	13	0	tripeptide
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	1.97	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 N-butyrylhomoserine lactone: quorum sensing compound biosynthesized by LasI protein; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.46	2	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
pyochelin pyochelin: phenolic iron-binding cpd from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; promotes the growth of bacterium when added to iron-deficient media. pyochelin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4R)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl group. A siderophore that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine) as a mixture of two easily interconvertible diastereoisomers, pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor). The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.	2.42	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols; thiazolidines	metabolite; siderophore
actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure	2.06	1	0
ro 09-1437 cyclothialidine: a DNA gyrase inhibitor; isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis; MF C26-H35-N5-O12-S; structure in first source	4	4	0	peptide
hamayne hamayne: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
trispheridine trispheridine: structure in first source	3.23	1	0	phenanthridines
lycoramine lycoramine: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	benzazepine
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	8.23	9	2	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0	organic molecular entity
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
lephetamine lephetamine: RN given refers to (R)-(-)-isomer; structure	1.98	1	0	stilbenoid
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	4.43	20	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.02	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	3.33	6	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	3.42	7	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	6.18	24	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	7.29	43	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	2.39	2	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.94	4	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-glucitol: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.	5.46	8	2	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	5.38	10	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	6.66	9	2	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.07	1	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.38	7	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	12.9	35	13	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	3.97	13	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.46	2	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.86	3	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.	2.08	1	0	polyprenyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,5-dihydro-fad 1,5-dihydro-FAD: chromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase	2.45	2	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	14.42	70	9	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	6.27	46	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	7.63	6	3	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	3.98	13	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	12.48	29	10	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	3.18	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
gw 6471 GW 6471: a PPARalpha antagonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	4.37	4	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
valine-pyrrolidide valine-pyrrolidide: structure given in first source	5.07	16	0
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.	4.71	28	0	geranylgeranyl diphosphate	mouse metabolite
t0901317 T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist	2.08	1	0
hts 466284 HTS 466284: a TGFbeta-RI inhibitor; structure in first source	4.65	25	0	pyrazoles; pyridines; quinolines	TGFbeta receptor antagonist
n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-n'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	4.12	15	0	aromatic amide
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.4	2	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	3.52	8	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.94	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	7.13	8	1	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.	2.13	1	0
repsox RepSox: inhibits TGF-beta signaling; structure in first source appears to be incorrect	2.15	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.41	2	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	6.25	54	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	3.56	1	1	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.02	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	4.24	5	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	2.01	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine [no description available]	6.96	4	2	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer	2.74	3	0
texas red Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	organic heteroheptacyclic compound	fluorochrome
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	3.11	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	9.74	375	1	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;	2.02	1	0	purvalanol
phosmidosine phosmidosine: from Streptomyces sp. RK-16; structure given in first source	3.11	1	0
bm 212 BM 212: anti-mycobacterial agent; structure in first source	7.17	16	1
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	7.22	54	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	7.09	7	4	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.06	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	3.73	3	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.44	2	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
lamellarin h lamellarin H: a benzo-isoquinoline-coumarin	3.17	5	0
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	5.17	15	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	3.47	7	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	8.78	5	4	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ravuconazole ER 30346: structure in first source. ravuconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the butyl group is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 3 by hydroxy, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively (the R,R stereoisomer). It exhibits antifungal activity by inhibition of 14alpha demethylase, an enzyme involved in sterol synthesis, resulting in lysis of the fungal cell wall and fungal cell death. (NCIO4)	2.41	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; fluorobenzenes; nitrile; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	antifungal drug; antileishmanial agent; EC 1.14.14.154 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	2.51	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
l 743,872 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
l 731988 L 731988: structure in first source	4.82	10	0
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.41	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
abt 492 WQ 3034: structure in first source	3.21	1	0
efinaconazole efinaconazole: an antifungal agent; structure in first source. efinaconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-methylenepiperidin-1-yl groups, respectively (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It is an antifungal drug used for the topical treatment of onychomycosis (a nail infection caused mainly by dermatophytes).	2.1	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triazole antifungal drug	EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	4.59	3	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	4.37	6	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	3.05	5	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.78	3	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.43	2	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine: structure in first source. 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine bearing an acetyl group in the 6 position. It is the tautomer of CHEBI:59533	3.84	3	0	tetrahydropyridine
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	2.04	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: volatile component of uncooked Khao Dawk Mali 105 brown rice were extracted using indirect steam distillation under reduced pressure and controlled temperature in order to prevent cooking. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline : A pyrroline that is 1-pyrroline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an acetyl group. It is an aroma and flavour compound present in jasmine rice and basmati rice. It is responsible for the 'popcorn' aroma in a large variety of cereal and food products. It is one of the key odourants of the crust of bread and considered to be responsible for the cracker-like odour properties. In bread, it is primarily generated during baking but amounts are influenced by ingredient composition and fermentation conditions.	8.61	88	0	acylimine; methyl ketone; pyrroline	flavouring agent; Maillard reaction product; metabolite
4,5-epoxy-2-decenal 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal: structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	enal
oxazolidine oxazolidine: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	oxazolidine
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.47	2	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.53	2	0
pyrrolopyrimidine pyrrolopyrimidine: structure in first source	9.5	88	1
folicanthine folicanthine: structure in first source	3.87	11	0	aminal; calycanthaceous alkaloid; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
mappicine mappicine: minor alkaloid from Mappia foetida Miers; related to camptothecin; structure	2.02	1	0
desmethylclomipramine desmethylclomipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0	dibenzoazepine
pyrrolezanthine pyrrolezanthine: isolated from the stem wood of Formosan Zanthoxylum simulans; structure in first source	3.01	4	0
andrimid andrimid: a peptide antibiotic; an anti-Bacillus compound in the marine sponge, Hyatella sp.	4.3	18	0
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2	1	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.25	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
glycosides [no description available]	6.7	30	0
4-oxothiazolidine 4-oxothiazolidine: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	8.28	6	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	9.37	50	2	isomethyleugenol
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	2.11	1	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.17	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.25	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	4.32	4	1	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	6.58	25	0	stilbene
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent	2.03	1	0
rhazinicine rhazinicine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
prolinol prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.	2.02	1	0
thiopyran thiopyran: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
cardamonin cardamonin: found in Zingiberaceae; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	chalcones
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	3.39	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	4.8	10	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.5	2	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	4.08	3	1	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	2.39	2	0	cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	12.39	30	4	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	3.93	13	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.36	2	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.49	2	0	benzamides
s 1033 [no description available]	12.78	38	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bz-423 [no description available]	3.13	1	0
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.11	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
trilostane trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.	3.15	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; epoxy steroid; nitrile	abortifacient; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.67	3	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	5.09	1	1	inorganic sodium salt	food antioxidant
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	4.14	3	1	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	4.35	4	1	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	3.27	1	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	11.89	36	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	3.87	11	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	3.83	12	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
vasicine vasicine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.07	1	0
sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.45	2	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.46	2	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	2	1	0
alpha-methyltryptophan, (l)-isomer [no description available]	2.02	1	0
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.04	1	0
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.	1.96	1	0	urocanic acid	human metabolite
2,4,6-trimethyl-n-(meta-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzenesulfonamide 2,4,6-trimethyl-N-(meta-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzenesulfonamide: stimulates phospholipase C; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	sulfonamide
rhododendrol rhododendrol: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.4	2	0	diarylmethane
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	5.36	12	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
secinh3 SecinH3: a small molecule antagonist of cytohesins; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	triazoles
3-chloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1h-pyrrole-2,5-dione 3-chloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: an inhibitor of RAD51 that disrupts homologous recombination in human cells; structure in first source	3.38	6	0
hc 030031 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker	2.07	1	0
rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure	2.46	2	0	thiazolidinone
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	3.35	1	1	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	biphenyls
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	5.61	5	1	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	4.49	23	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	2.05	1	0
epalrestat epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	4.43	6	0
trichodesmine [no description available]	2.39	2	0
CAY10591 CAY10591: a SIRT1 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activator	2.15	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
sr 3335 SR 3335: a retinoic acid receptor-related receptor alpha (RORalpha) inverse agonist; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	sulfonamide
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	4.04	4	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	3.83	2	1	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
mucochloric acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.	2.11	1	0	hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	8.61	9	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	5.69	5	1
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	5.57	22	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.86	3	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	8.18	5	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	3.83	10	0
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	6.31	10	4	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
selectfluor selectfluor: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ytterbium(iii) triflate [no description available]	7.63	2	0
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	3.29	6	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	2.11	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	2.42	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	5.93	12	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
nadp [no description available]	6.17	43	0
scandium triflate scandium triflate: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
galactal galactal: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.08	1	0	anhydrohexose; glycal
d-glucal [no description available]	2.21	1	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.37	6	0
hc-067047 HC-067047: a TRPA1 antagonist; structure in first source	5.41	51	0
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester [no description available]	2.52	2	0
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate: an ionic liquid; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
stattic [no description available]	2.53	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; C-nitro compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; radiosensitizing agent; STAT3 inhibitor
3-nitrocoumarin [no description available]	2.13	1	0
sirtinol [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aldimine; benzamides; naphthols	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source	2.08	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
hlm006474 HLM006474: an inhibitor of E2F transcription factor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
monastrol monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.	2.11	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas	antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	3.26	6	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.72	3	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
rhyncophylline rhyncophylline: an oxindole; RN given refers to (7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer	3.19	1	0
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	3.08	5	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.76	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	5.97	9	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	5.85	35	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir [no description available]	3.86	2	1	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	3.53	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
ggti 286 GGTI 286: the methyl ester of GGTI-287; inhibits geranylgeranyltransferase	2.02	1	0
sq-641 SQ-641: a MurX inhibitor with antitubercular activity; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
l 783281 L 783281: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	3.71	9	0
alpha-nicotyrine alpha-nicotyrine: metabolite of tobacco alkaloids in liver; structure	2	1	0	pyridines
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.46	2	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
bms 387032 N-(5-(((5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl)methyl)thio)-2-thiazolyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide: a CDK2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.54	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; 1,3-thiazoles; organic sulfide; piperidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	11.99	40	2	alkali metal atom
n-ethylthiourea [no description available]	1.96	1	0	thioureas
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.93	4	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	5.42	4	1	nitrogen oxide
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.21	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.06	5	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	3.39	7	0	salicylamides
triazulenone triazulenone: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.13	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.	2.07	1	0	1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
mucobromic acid mucobromic acid: in Chemline, RN above is for the gamma-lactone form; asparagine synthetase antagonist; structure	2.17	1	0
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	5.98	4	2	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
carzelesin carzelesin: a cyclopropylpyrroloindole analog of U 73975; longer lasting than U 77779; structure in first source	3.1	1	0
quinine [no description available]	3.63	9	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
aprikalim [no description available]	6.76	33	0
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	3.89	11	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
thioinosinic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; thiopurine
beta-proline beta-proline: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.48	2	0
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	3.52	8	0
mr 2266 MR 2266: RN refers to (2R-(2 alpha,6 alpha,11R*))-isomer; structure kappa opioid receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0
methyl radical [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organic radical
deltorphin deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2	2	1	0	peptide
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.96	4	0
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2.44	2	0
cystine [no description available]	1.94	1	0
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	4.42	22	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
ro 31-6930 Ro 31-6930: potassium channel opener	3.59	9	0
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	4.23	6	0	benzazepine
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
chuangxinmycin chuangxinmycin: produced by Actinoplanes tsinanensis; structure. (-)-chuangxinmycin : A thiinoindole that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-thiino[4,3,2-cd]indole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by carboxy and methyl groups, respectively (the 2R,3S diastereoisomer).	2	1	0	indole alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid; thiinoindole	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 6.1.1.2 (tryptophan--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
tandutinib [no description available]	4.58	4	0	aromatic ether; N-arylpiperazine; N-carbamoylpiperazine; phenylureas; piperidines; quinazolines; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
freedom Freedom: The rights of individuals to act and make decisions without external constraints.	2.66	2	0
rasagiline [no description available]	2.01	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
pentachloropseudilin pentachloropseudilin: structure in first source	3.81	10	0
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	10.26	40	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
pyralomicin 1a pyralomicin 1a: isolated from Microtetraspora spiralis; structure in first source	4.49	7	0
isoretronecanol isoretronecanol: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
oxalylglycine oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.	2.03	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
5-nitroso-salicylate 5-nitroso-salicylate: metabolite of 5-aminosalicylic acid	1.96	1	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
n-(n-(phenyl)butyryl-l-prolyl)pyrrolidine N-(N-(phenyl)butyryl-L-prolyl)pyrrolidine: inhibits prolyl endopeptidase; structure given in first source	3.38	7	0
preussin preussin: from Aspergillus ochraceus	7	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	10.82	41	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
glutaryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.41	1	0	glutaryl-CoAs	mouse metabolite
ferrocenium ferrocenium: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	2.81	3	0
bis(phenanthrenequinonediimine)(bipyridyl)rhodium(iii) bis(phenanthrenequinonediimine)(bipyridyl)rhodium(III): structure given in first source; photofootprinting reagent	1.97	1	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	6.11	38	0
dipyrromethene dipyrromethene: structure in first source. dipyrrin : A dipyrrin that consists of pyrrole bearing a pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.06	1	0	dipyrrins
chimonanthine chimonanthine: structure in first source. chimonanthine : A ring assembly that is 2,2',3,3',8,8',8a,8a'-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3a'-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 1'.	4.03	13	0	chimonanthine
olivomycins Olivomycins: A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.	3.04	1	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	9.17	10	6
wogonoside wogonoside: from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure in first source. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin.	2.31	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.08	4	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
aldisine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.5	2	0
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	2.92	4	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.93	4	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) lyapolate: sulfonic acid polymers represent a new class of HIV inhibitors	3.47	7	0
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	3.11	5	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	4.61	26	0
3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine 3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
anthraquinone sulfonate anthraquinone sulfonate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified acid locant	2.54	2	0
rink amide resin Rink amide resin: does not yield protected peptide amides using the Fmoc chemical protocol	1.99	1	0
nafadotride nafadotride: structure given in first source. nafadotride : A naphthalenecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-cyano-1-methoxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 1-(1-butylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methanamine. It is a highly potent, competitive, preferential dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, centrally active upon systemic administration.	2.43	2	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenecarboxamide; nitrile; pyrrolidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	4.12	15	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
fh535 FH535: inhibits Wnt signaling	2.25	1	0	sulfonamide
blister blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.	2.81	3	0	cyclic ketone; pyrroloquinoline; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	inhibitor
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	2	1	0
rn 1734 RN 1734: a TRPV4 antagonist; structure in first source	3.52	7	0
2-amino-4-nitrophenol [no description available]	2.15	1	0	4-nitrophenols
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source	2	1	0
pd 168,077 N-((4-(2-cyanophenyl)-1-piperazinyl)methyl)-3-methylbenzamide: a D4 dopamine receptor agonist	4	13	0	piperazines
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine 2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine: activates mGlu(5) receptors; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.44	2	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.96	4	0	quinoxaline derivative
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.7	3	0
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	3.27	6	0	quinoxaline derivative
metanil yellow metanil yellow: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. metanil yellow : An organic sodium salt having 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used in one variant of Masson's trichrome to stain collagen yellow in contrast to the red muscle, but is not in common used.	2.15	1	0	organic sodium salt	histological dye
3-nitrophenylhydrazine 3-nitrophenylhydrazine: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
homoserine lactone homoserine lactone: a putative signal for starvation in E. coli; structure in first source. homoserinium lactone : The conjugate acid of homoserine lactone; major species at pH 7.3.. homoserine lactone : A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2	1	0	ammonium ion derivative; organic cation
cp 94253 [no description available]	2.93	4	0	pyrrolopyridine
vu0155094 VU0155094: a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	10.23	12	1
7-deazapurine 7-deazapurine: structure in first source	4.77	5	0
minoxidil sulfate ester minoxidil sulfate ester: metabolite of minoxidil; structure given in first source	4.58	8	0
dm 235 DM 235: structure in first source	4.91	6	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	1.94	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	4.03	14	0
jhw 015 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	indolecarboxamide
indole-2-carboxylate indole-2-carboxylate: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
gr 103691 GR 103691: dopamine D3 receptor antagonist	2.02	1	0	aromatic ketone
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.95	4	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	6.39	14	3	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	2.15	1	0
reductone [no description available]	7.36	2	0	carbonyl compound
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	3.89	11	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.46	2	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	5.01	3	1
pyrroloquinoline pyrroloquinoline: check to see if actually PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE (PQQ COFACTOR)	7.73	62	0
rn 1747 RN 1747: a TRPV4 agonist; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
tetrathiomolybdate tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure	2.07	1	0
methanethiosulfonate methanethiosulfonate: used for measurement of rhodanese activity; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.48	2	0
2,6-pyridinophane [no description available]	2.25	1	0
1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	1.98	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
sq 109 N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity	4.8	3	0
isoliensinine isoliensinine: isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine lotus plumule; structure in first source	3.25	1	0	isoquinolines
jtk-303 [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	6.67	16	1	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	3.33	6	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	11.66	86	3	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	8.94	66	3	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	7.88	21	4	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formononetin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group	2.42	2	0	fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.78	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.	2.11	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antioxidant; metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.11	5	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	4.96	8	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
psychosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	glycosylsphingoid	human metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
ubiquinone 9 ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	2.11	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; human metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	3.4	2	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	3.4	1	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	3.59	8	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	7.23	20	2	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.01	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	6.78	23	1	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
15,23-dihydrosirohydrochlorin 15,23-dihydrosirohydrochlorin: structure given in first source. precorrin-2 : The second intermediate in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 from uroporphyrinogen III, in which methyl groups have been introduced at positions 2 and 7 of the tetrapyrrole framework.	2	1	0
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	3.8	2	1	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2.42	2	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.	2.07	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	6.24	19	2	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	2.13	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	2.02	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	5.85	6	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	4.08	4	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
bilirubin diglucuronide [no description available]	7.66	3	0
kaempferol [no description available]	2.81	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	2.69	3	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	1.98	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	4.05	5	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
11-dehydro-thromboxane b2 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2: structure given in first source. 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 : A thromboxane obtained by formal oxidation of the hemiacetal hydroxy function of thromboxane B2.	2.05	1	0	thromboxane	human metabolite
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	2.7	3	0	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.	4.99	6	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.25	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.8	11	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	3.42	7	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.07	1	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.98	4	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
erucic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	0	docosenoic acid
torularhodin [no description available]	2.1	1	0
geranylgeraniol (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.42	7	0	geranylgeraniol
ophiobolin a ophiobolin A: sesterterpene; phytotoxin produced by plant pathogen Helminthosporium maydis; natural product inhibitor of calmodulin; RN refers to (18R)-isomer; structure given in first source. ophiobolin A : A sesterterpenoid that is ophiobolane with a hydroxy group at position 3, oxo groups at positions 5 and 25, double bonds at positions 7-8 and 19-20, and an oxygen link between positions 14 and 18.	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketone; enal; oxaspiro compound; sesterterpenoid; tertiary alcohol
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	1.98	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	2.35	2	0	alpha-humulene
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.76	3	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
baicalein [no description available]	1.98	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
fisetin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.	2.11	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.08	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
retrorsine retrorsine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.9	12	0	macrolide
riddelliine riddelliine: structure. riddelliine : A macrodiolide that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionan bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18 as well as two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16.	2.25	1	0	macrodiolide; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; pyrrolizine alkaloid	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
seneciphylline seneciphylline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	pyrrolizine alkaloid
chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase	3.81	3	0	organooxygen compound	geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.03	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
maytansine Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.	2.17	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; carbamate ester; epoxide; maytansinoid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organochlorine compound	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	3.42	7	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.44	2	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.03	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
bacteriopheophytin bacteriopheophytin: pigment which is the degradation product of bacteriochlorophyll; structure. bacteriopheophytin a : A bacteriopheophytin consisting of bacteriochlorophyll a with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.. bacteriopheophytin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole comprising any bacteriochlorophyll molecule with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.	1.97	1	0
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	10	27	12	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
15,16-dihydrobiliverdin ixa 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin IXa: partially reduced intermediate in the formation of phycobilins for biliverdin IXa; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	biladienes
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.44	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
lafutidine lafutidine: structure given in first source	3.56	1	1	organic molecular entity
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.15	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2	1	0	stilbenoid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	6.65	7	3	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.08	1	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
ssr 125543a SSR125543: a CRF1 receptor antagonist with antidepressant-like effects	2.1	1	0	amine
11-ketotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.	2.05	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	4.4	3	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	6.48	5	3
fondaparinux Fondaparinux: Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.. fondaparinux : A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.	2.05	1	0	amino sugar; oligosaccharide sulfate; pentasaccharide derivative	anticoagulant
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	16.61	95	36	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
cinepazide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	olefinic compound
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.	2.03	1	0
13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin d2 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin D2: PGD2 metabolite; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	prostaglandins D	metabolite
11-deoxyprostaglandin e1 11-deoxyprostaglandin E1: RN given refers to (13E,15S)-isomer	1.99	1	0	prostanoid
17-phenyltrinorprostaglandin e2 17-phenyltrinorprostaglandin E2: an EP1 receptor agonist. 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is 18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.03	1	0	alicyclic ketone; beta-hydroxy ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; olefinic compound; oxo monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	human metabolite; prostaglandin receptor agonist
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	7.51	14	4	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	2.01	1	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.15	16	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
2,4-decadienal (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal : A polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde that is decanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce trans- double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions. A product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and a component of cooking oil fumes.	2.1	1	0	polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde	apoptosis inducer; nematicide
oleylamide oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.	2.05	1	0	primary fatty amide	human metabolite; plant metabolite
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	3.61	2	0
undecaprenyl phosphate undecaprenyl phosphate: RN's in Chemline for diphosphate esters: 31589-58-9, 31867-59-1	3.17	1	0	undecaprenyl phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	5.8	6	1	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cholesteryl oleate cholesteryl oleate: RN given refers to ((Z)-isomer). cholesteryl oleate : The (Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate.	2.1	1	0	CE(18:1); cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate	mouse metabolite
codeine [no description available]	7.65	15	12	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	3.25	6	0	hydrochloride
beta-nitrostyrene beta-nitrostyrene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	3.62	2	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	3.04	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	3.35	1	1	morphinane alkaloid
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.66	3	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	3.8	2	1	aromatic amide; indazoles
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.	2	1	0	morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	3.18	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	4.04	3	1	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	4.56	25	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	5.55	3	2	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	2.17	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	21.09	329	29	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	3.58	2	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	3.23	1	0	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.74	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	4.86	10	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.92	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source. alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group.	2.03	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	Hsp90 inhibitor
lobeline Lobeline: An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.	2.08	1	0
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	8.69	64	8	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
as 605240 5-quinoxalin-6-ylmethylenethiazolidine-2,4-dione: a PI3Kgamma inhibitor; structure in first source. (5Z)-5-(quinoxalin-6-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A quinoxaline derivative that is quinoxaline in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a (2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl group. It is a potent inhibitor of the PI3Kgamma, with an IC50 of 8 nM and inhibits the progression of joint inflammation and damage in both lymphocyte-independent and dependent mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.06	1	0	quinoxaline derivative; thiazolidinediones	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
su 5402 SU 5402: structure given in first source. SU5402 : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	8.15	178	0
su 9516 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ar-r 17779 AR-R 17779: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine: an alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonist	2.11	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
a 192621 A 192621: ET(B) receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
acipimox acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor	3.41	1	1	pyrazinecarboxylic acid
ah 13205 AH 13205: an EP(2) receptor agonist and leukotriene B4 antagonist	1.99	1	0
anthramycin [no description available]	6.28	15	0
arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide: a potent and selective agonist of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source. arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide : A fatty amide obtained by the formal condensation of arachidonic acid with 2-chloroethanamine. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 1.4 nM) and also has a low affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 3100 nM).	2.17	1	0	fatty amide; organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide; synthetic cannabinoid	CB1 receptor agonist; CB2 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
bibo 3457 BIBO 3304: BIBO-3457 is the inactive enantiomer	2.1	1	0
bw 723c86 1-(5-(2-thenyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-amine: a 5-HT(2B) agonist	2.01	1	0
istradefylline [no description available]	4.13	3	1	oxopurine
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	1.98	1	0	monoterpenoid
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	3.56	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	2.97	4	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
sb 277011 SB 277011: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
fluprostenol fluprostenol: synthetic prostaglandin F 2 alpha analog used as an abortifacient; RN given refers to ((1alpha(Z),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha,5alpha)-(+-))-isomer. fluprostenol : An organofluorine compound that is racemic prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of its isopropyl ester prodrug, travoprost, are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. The isopropyl ester group of travoprost is hydrolysed to the biologically active free acid by esterases in the cornea.	2.13	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	abortifacient; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; female contraceptive drug; prostaglandin receptor agonist
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	3.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	4.01	4	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	3.85	2	1	organic molecular entity
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.61	9	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
l 745870 3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source	7.13	65	0	piperazines
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions.	2.03	1	0	prostaglandins J	electrophilic reagent; insulin-sensitizing drug; metabolite
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	3.13	1	0	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
ono-ae1-329 ONO-AE1-329: a 16-(m-methoxymethyl)phenyl derivative	2.13	1	0
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	2.99	4	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	4.68	3	2	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.73	3	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.45	2	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	2.4	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2.68	3	0
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	2.1	1	0	polypeptide
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.03	1	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	2.69	3	0
cgp 77675 CGP 77675: belongs to class of substituted 5,7-diphenyl-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidines; structure in first source	4.94	14	0
r 715 [no description available]	2.17	1	0
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.42	2	0
way-151932 WAY-151932: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ro 41-5253 Ro 41-5253: a synthetic retinoid with antiviral activity; a selective RAR alpha antagonist; structure given in first source. Ro 41-5253 : A thiochromane that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzothiopyran S,S-dioxide in which the hydrogens at position 4 are both replaced by methyl groups, the hydrogens at position 7 is replaced by a heptyloxy group, while the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a 1-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl group, the phenyl group of which is substituted at the para position by a carboxy group. It is a selective antagonist for retinoic acid receptor alpha.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoic acids; sulfone; thiochromane	apoptosis inducer; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
kn 93 KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	3.63	9	0	monochlorobenzenes; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
gr 218231 GR 218231: a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.69	3	0
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	3.62	9	0	piperazines
sulprostone sulprostone: structure	2.03	1	0	prostanoid
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.13	1	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
biliverdine [no description available]	7.14	45	0
heptaphylline heptaphylline: cytotoxic carbazole alkaloid from the roots of Clausena harmandiana; structure in first source	3.18	1	0	carbazoles	metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	3.96	4	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
koumine koumine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	indoles
malealdehyde malealdehyde: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; fumaraldehyde refers to (E)-isomer	2.54	2	0	but-2-enedial
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.41	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
granulatimide granulatimide: minor alkaloids of the Brazilian ascidian Didemnum; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	2.78	3	0
5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	adenosines
arcyriaflavin a arcyriaflavin A: from marine ascidian, Eudistoma sp.; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	indolocarbazole
pd 166866 PD 166866: structure in first source. PD-166866 : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by an amino group at position 2, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 6, and by a (tert-butylcarbamoyl)nitrilo group at position 7. It is a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of the human fibroblast growth factor-1 receptor (FGFR1) tyrosine kinase with an IC50 of 52.4 nM.	2.02	1	0	biaryl; dimethoxybenzene; primary arylamine; pyridopyrimidine; ureas	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ag-490 [no description available]	3.31	6	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	19.48	399	31	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	15.66	95	19
su 11248 [no description available]	30.05	3,194	486	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
su 11652 SU 11652: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor; amino acid sequence in first source. SU11652 : A member of the class of pyrrolecarboxamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-[(Z)-(5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of N(1),N(1)-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	3.31	6	0	olefinic compound; organochlorine compound; oxindoles; pyrrolecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor
su9518 SU9518: potently and selectively inhibits the cellular PDGF receptor kinase and PDGF receptor-induced cell proliferation	2.08	1	0
palbociclib [no description available]	2.8	3	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ketone; cyclopentanes; piperidines; pyridopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	2.97	4	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	6.68	17	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	3.61	9	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
sulindac sulfide sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.	2.15	1	0	aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	1.98	1	0
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.	1.98	1	0	hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; octadecadienoic acid
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.	2.02	1	0	benzenes; nitrile; sulfone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	2.07	1	0	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	2.72	3	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
su 4984 SU 4984: structure given in first source	4.3	3	0
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	4.59	26	0
methyl ricinoleate methyl ricinoleate: structure	1.98	1	0	aliphatic alcohol
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	3.78	3	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	3.85	12	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	4.29	19	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	4.68	29	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	3.77	10	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.	2.06	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	3.17	5	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	7.31	11	1	metal atom; pnictogen
levallorphan Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	4.34	4	1	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.76	11	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	4.95	11	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	4.21	17	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	2	1	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.73	3	0	boron group element atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	8.88	11	4	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	4.14	3	1	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	8.58	41	2	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2.01	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.41	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	6.49	34	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
5-methyl-2-hepten-4-one 5-methyl-2-hepten-4-one: shows an intense, hazelnut-like aroma; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.71	3	0
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	2	1	0	styrenes
2,3-oxidosqualene 2,3-oxidosqualene: an oxidized derivative of SQUALENE that can fold in several ways: chair-boat-chair-boat to LANOSTEROL; chair-chair-chair-boat to dammarane; or all chair to hopane and on to cycloartenol; RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. 2,3-epoxysqualene : A squalene triterpenoid obtained by formal epoxidation across the 2,3 C=C bond of squalene.	2.05	1	0	epoxide; squalene triterpenoid
1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenone 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenone: used in skin testing for immune competence; structure given in first source. 1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-2-enone : An enone with a trimethylcyclohexenyl substituent at C-1.	2.02	1	0	enone	allergen; fragrance
octa-2,4,6-trienoic acid octatrienoic acid : Any medium-chain fatty acid with eighteen carbons and three double bonds.	2.31	1	0
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2.41	1	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
lewisite lewisite: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.94	1	0
plastoquinone [no description available]	2.48	2	0	plastoquinone
5-deazaflavin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	pyridopyrimidine
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	2.02	1	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.64	3	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	2.63	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
ajoene ajoene: major antiplatelet compound in methanol extract of garlic; also inhibits trypanothione reductase.	2.05	1	0	sulfoxide
clathrodin clathrodin: structure given in first source; isolated from marine sponges of the genus Agelas	3.76	10	0
bedaquiline bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.	4.07	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; quinolines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antitubercular agent; ATP synthase inhibitor
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	8.68	14	6	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
calycanthine calycanthine: the principal alkaloid of the plant family Calycanthaceae; RN given refers to (4bS)-(4balpha,5alpha,10balpha,11alpha)-isomer. calycanthine : The principal alkaloid of the plant family Calycanthaceae.	3.33	6	0	aminal; calycanthaceous alkaloid; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hercynine hercynine: structure	2.13	1	0	amino-acid betaine; N(alpha)-methyl-L-histidines
deoxyribose [no description available]	3.09	5	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	7.14	10	1	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycocyanobilin phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.	6.9	90	0
pyrrolysine pyrrolysine: encoded by a stop codon in archaea. L-pyrrolysine : A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group.. pyrrolysine : An N-acyl-amino acid that is lysine in which one of the amino nitrogens at position N6 is replaced by a 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group.	3.55	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyrrolysine
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	10.36	70	2	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	4.35	19	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate: component B of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	L-threonine derivative	coenzyme
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	8.91	12	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	10.59	22	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	2.71	3	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.89	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
normorphine normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
l 685434 L 685434: structure given in first source; a pseudopeptide with activity against HIV protease	1.99	1	0
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.77	3	0
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	6.44	34	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
metkephamid metkephamid: systemically active analog of methionine enkephalin; RN refers to parent cpd (L-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-L-Phe)-(L-Met)-isomer	1.98	1	0
2,3-dehydrosilybin dehydrosilybin: inhibits cytochrome P450 1A1 catalytic activity; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	flavonolignan
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	3.4	1	1	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	5.09	1	1	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.5	8	0	isoquinolines
succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide: synthetic substrate of porcine pancreatic elastase	2.41	1	0
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.91	4	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	3.69	10	0
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	4.28	5	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
tnp 351 TNP 351: a novel antifolate being evaluated for chemotherapy of lung cancer	2.01	1	0
tiotropium bromide Tiotropium Bromide: A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.. tiotropium bromide : An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	3.12	1	0
ophiocordin ophiocordin: metabolite of Cordyceps ophioglossoides	3.1	1	0
aureol aureol: from the Jamaican sponge Smenospongia aurea; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	coumestans
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	5.46	5	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-7h-benz(h)imidazo(4,5-f)isoquinoline-7-one 2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-7H-benz(h)imidazo(4,5-f)isoquinoline-7-one: a janus-activated kinase inhibitor. 2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one bearing additional tert-butyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2 and 9 respectively.	2.46	2	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
vx680 [no description available]	4.43	6	0	N-arylpiperazine
otamixaban otamixaban: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
oleoyl-coenzyme a oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	1.99	1	0	octadecenoyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	2.06	1	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	2.68	3	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.39	2	0	dichlorobenzene
bafilomycin a [no description available]	2.75	3	0
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	1.98	1	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.76	3	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2.06	1	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	4.02	13	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase-fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isozymes inhibitor; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	enone; pyridines	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.1.105 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase) inhibitor
flavasperone flavasperone: inhibits ACAT2; isolated from Aspergillus; structure in first source. flavasperone : A naphtho-gamma-pyrone that is 4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-4-one carrying a methyl substituent at position2, a hydroxy substituent at position 5 and two methoxy substotuents at positions 8 and 10. Originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; phenols	acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor; antiviral agent; Aspergillus metabolite; marine metabolite
levuglandin e2 levuglandin E2: secoprostanoid from prostaglandin endoperoxide; gamma-ketoaldehyde cpd; structure given in first source; related to prostaglandin E2	2.4	2	0	levuglandin
urobilin [no description available]	4.3	6	0
thiomarinol thiomarinol: an antimicrobial antibiotic isolated from Alteromonas rava; a hybrid of 2 antibiotics, a pseudomonic acid analog and holothin; structure in first source. thiomarinol A : An organosulfur heterocyclic compound produced by a marine bacterium Alteromonas rava and has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	3.18	1	0
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.15	1	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
su 1498 SU 1498: structure in first source. SU1498 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 3-phenylpropylamine.	2.76	3	0	enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; phenols; secondary carboxamide	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	3.74	11	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.25	1	0
kresoxim-methyl kresoxim-methyl: strobilurin analogue; an industrial fungicide. kresoxim-methyl : A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.	2.78	3	0	aromatic ether; methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; oxime O-ether	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2.75	3	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	3.59	1	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
oroidin oroidin: from marine sponges of the genus Agelas; structure in first source	6.18	40	0	pyrroles; secondary carboxamide	metabolite
22,23-dihydroavermectin b(1)a 22,23-dihydroavermectin B(1)a: C48H74O14; major component of IVERMECTIN; MW 875.093; structure given in first source. 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a : A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1a in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the major component of ivermectin.	6.73	3	3	macrocyclic lactone; spiroketal
ma-1 tipiracil: inhibits thymidine phosphorylase. tipiracil : A member of the class of pyrimidones that is uracil substituted by chloro and (2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl groups at positions 5 and 6 respectively. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer.	5.09	1	1	carboxamidine; organochlorine compound; pyrimidone; pyrrolidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	2.31	1	0
mastoparan [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
naloxone benzoylhydrazone naloxone benzoylhydrazone: structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	2.38	2	0	oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	4.81	33	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	2.97	4	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	6.65	16	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.51	2	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	2.25	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth oxychloride bismuth oxychloride: active against rotaviruses and enteric viruses	2.41	1	0
diacetyldiphenylurea bisguanylhydrazone diacetyldiphenylurea bisguanylhydrazone: antineoplastic agent particularly effective as an antileukemic agent; has been shown to be active against leukemia L1210 in mice; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBANILIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	9.96	12	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	2.69	3	0	organic anion
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.1	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	17.8	165	27	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.	1.98	1	0
mevalonolactone mevalonolactone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure. mevalonolactone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-mevalonolactone and (S)-mevalonolactone.	2.95	4	0	4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one	fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	4.25	17	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	3.07	5	0	amidobenzoic acid
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.8	3	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone: structure in first source	3.43	7	0	aromatic ketone
cholestanol Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.	5.04	3	3	cholestanoid
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.31	1	0
ambruticin ambruticin: cyclopropyl-polyene-pyran acid from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.46	2	0
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	3.18	5	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
carboprostacyclin carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	prostanoid
dehydroergosterol dehydroergosterol : A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- 9,11- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	biomarker; metabolite
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
4-oxoretinoic acid 4-oxoretinoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. all-trans-4-oxoretinoic acid : A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	enone; retinoid	human xenobiotic metabolite
involucrin involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor	2.01	1	0
sibiromycin [no description available]	4.1	4	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; hemiaminal; phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
manoalide manoalide: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; sesterterpene from marine sponge L. variabilis; structure given in first source. manoalide : A sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis and which has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity towards phospholipase A2.	1.99	1	0	butenolide; lactol; sesterterpenoid	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; metabolite
mucidin mucidin: produced by basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida; strobilurin A produced by wood rot fungus Strobilurus tenacellus;. mucidin : An enoate ester that is the methyl ester of (2E,3Z,5E)-2-(methoxymethylene)-3-methyl-6-phenylhexa-3,5-dienoic acid.	2.04	1	0	enoate ester; enol ether	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite
lumefantrine Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.1	1	0	fluorenes; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; tertiary amine	antimalarial
gephyrotoxin gephyrotoxin: alkaloid from Colombian frog Dendrobates histrionicus	2	1	0
1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidine)quinolinium, tetraiodide 1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium: non-fluorescent in solution but forms highly fluorescent complex with double-stranded DNA; RN refers to the tetraiodide compound	2.17	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
manumycin manumycin: an NSAID; RN given for (1S-(1alpha,3(2E,4E,6S*),5alpha,5(1E,3E,5E),6alpha))-isomer; a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor; from Streptomyces parvulus; MF C31-H38-N2-O7; structure given in first source. manumycin A : A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties.	2.06	1	0	enamide; epoxide; organic heterobicyclic compound; polyketide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol	antiatherosclerotic agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
plastochromanol 8 plastochromanol 8: has antiproliferative activity against 3T3-L1 cells and anti-adipogenic activity; structure; plastochromanol 3 is gamma-tocotrienol	2.47	2	0
bwa 4c [no description available]	1.98	1	0
squalestatin 1 squalestatin 1: structure given in first source; inhibits both mammalian and fungal squalene synthetase; from fungus Phoma sp (Coelomycetes). zaragozic acid A : A polyketide isolated from fungi that is a potent inhibitor of fungal and mammalian squalene synthase.	2.06	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; oxabicycloalkane; polyketide; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.21 (squalene synthase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
limaprost limaprost: RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15S,17S)-isomer	2.38	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol 1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol: RN refers to the (all-Z)-isomer	2.03	1	0
ah 21-132 [no description available]	1.97	1	0
vicenistatin vicenistatin: a macrocyclic lactam from Streptomyces sp. HC34; structure given in first source	3.27	1	0	azamacrocycle; lactam
ciprostene ciprostene: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	prostanoid
hymenidin hymenidin: serotonergic receptor antagonist from Okinawan marine sponge Hymeniacidon; structure given in first source	3.12	5	0
e 4080 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
h 85 [no description available]	2.42	2	0
1-oleoyl-2-(12-((7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl)phosphatidylcholine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
gbr 13069 GBR 13069: RN given refers to dimethanesulfonate salt; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	5.16	15	0
antibiotic 1233a antibiotic 1233A: beta-lactone antibiotic from Cephalosporium; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase & 3C protease, viral inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
protochlorophyll protochlorophyll: RN given refers to protochlorophyll	1.98	1	0
x 14547-a X 14547-A: structure. indanomycin : An indene that is (3aS,7aR)-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene which is substituted at the 2-pro-R position by a 1H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl group, at the 9-pro-S position by an ethyl group, and at the 5-pro-R position by a hexa-1,3-dineyl group in which position 4 has been substituted by a (2R,3S,6R)-6-[(1R)-1-carboxyethyl]-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl group. It exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as antihypertensive and antitumour. It also functions as an effective growth promoter for ruminants.	2.05	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	19.4	220	25	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
lg100754 LG 100754: retinoic acid receptors antagonist & agonist; a mixed function retinoid whose activity is dimer-selective; structure given in first source	2	1	0
epolactaene epolactaene: a neuritogenic compound in human neuroblastoma cells; isolated from Penicillium sp. BM1689-P; structure given in first source	3.13	1	0
riligustilide riligustilide: isolated from Angelica sinensis; structure in first source	3.35	1	0
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.06	1	0	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
nb 598 NB 598: decreases serum total & LDL-cholesterol levels; structure given in first source; inhibits squalene epoxidase	2.44	2	0
mesobiliverdin mesobiliverdin: can be mixture of alpha & beta isomers; RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. mesobiliverdin : A bilin that consists of 3,18-diethyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19,22,24-tetrahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.	2.66	3	0
4,5-epoxy-2-heptenal [no description available]	2.7	3	0	enal
4-oxo-2-nonenal 4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4.	2.97	4	0	enal; enone	human metabolite
ixabepilone [no description available]	6.77	7	1	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
ekb 569 EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor	4.88	4	0	aminoquinoline; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	protein kinase inhibitor
u 75302 U 75302: RN refers to (R-(R,S-(E,Z)))-isomer; leukotriene B4 antagonist	2.01	1	0
axitinib [no description available]	15.99	90	4	aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
s 1360 [no description available]	4.23	5	0
cobaltite cobaltite: a sulfosalt mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic and sulfur, CoAsS	2.1	1	0
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	3.04	1	0
1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose [no description available]	2.51	2	0
beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.	1.97	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
scy-635 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
sudoterb sudoterb: an antibacterial active against M. tuberculosis; structure in first source	5.64	3	0
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	4.65	8	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source	2.02	1	0	organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
manzamine a manzamine A: RN given refers to (1R-(1R,9Z,13S,13aR,20aR,21aR*)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92. manzamine A : An alkaloid of the class of beta-carbolines isolated from Haliclona and Acanthostrongylophora. It exhibits inhibitory activity against Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (EC 2.7.11.26).	4.09	15	0	alkaloid; beta-carbolines; isoquinolines	animal metabolite; anti-HSV-1 agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0
su 5614 SU 5614: inhibits the mast cell growth factor receptor known as kit protein; a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. SU5614 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 5-chlorooxindole in which the two hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by a (3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene group.	4.73	5	0	organochlorine compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
a 419259 [no description available]	3.47	7	0
beta-escin [no description available]	4.39	6	0
gw2974 GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2	2.03	1	0	pyridopyrimidine
l 750667 L 750667: structure given in first source	4.73	11	0	piperazines
mdl 105519 MDL 105519: a potent ligand at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated glycine recognition site; structure given in first source	2	1	0
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	2.93	4	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
sb 222200 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	quinolines
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	1.95	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
sb 269970 SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	sulfonamide
sb 334867-a 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea: selective OX1 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	naphthyridine derivative
lactacystin [no description available]	5.49	8	0	lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	3.16	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
peplomycin Peplomycin: An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN.	2.41	2	0	glycopeptide
aspidospermidine aspidospermidine: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	Aspidosperma alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	6.77	7	2	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	5.09	13	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	7.87	4	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
corrole corrole: structure in first source. corrole : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the octadehydro drivative of corrin.	4.09	4	0
osmium bis(2,2'-bipyridine)chloride osmium bis(2,2'-bipyridine)chloride: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
thiotaurine thiotaurine: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	4.09	15	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	3.13	5	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,n(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate 8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: RN refers to (S)-isomer; protein kinase G inhibitor; structure given in first source	2	1	0
fumagillin [no description available]	2.96	4	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	3.08	5	0
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.72	3	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
u 62840 U 62840: stereoisomeric benzindene prostaglandin analog; structure given in first source	2.66	2	0	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; human blood serum metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent; vitamin K antagonist
fedotozine fedotozine: affects gastrointestinal motility in dogs	1.98	1	0
sitafloxacin sitafloxacin: structure in first source	6.28	3	1
hexarelin hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6	2.05	1	0
vofopitant [no description available]	2.01	1	0
biib 513 BIIB 513: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
pki 166 [no description available]	11.5	48	1
brostallicin brostallicin: alkylates DNA in the presence of cellular thiols; structure in first source	10	17	5
pd 184352 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source	2.98	4	0	aminobenzoic acid
rwj-333369 S-2-O-carbamoyl-1-o-chlorophenyl-ethanol: neuromodulator/Antiepileptic Agent; structure in first source	3.59	2	0	organochlorine compound
isavuconazole isavuconazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.	2.15	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; nitrile; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor; orphan drug
voclosporin voclosporin: semi-synthetic cyclosporine A analog & calcineurin inhibitor; FDA approved use to treat lupus nephritis.	3.15	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
dalcetrapib dalcetrapib: inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)	4.36	1	1	anilide
oxi 4503 Oxi 4503: diphosphate prodrug of cambretastatin A1	2.13	1	0
panobinostat Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.85	3	0	cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
diglycyl-histidine diglycyl-histidine: tripeptide complexed with cupric ion designed to mimic specific Cu(II) transport site of ascorbate on albumin molecule; glycylglycylhistamine is An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine	2.47	2	0	oligopeptide
bromopyruvate [no description available]	2.15	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
lysylglycine lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.	2.13	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
5-ht-moduline 5-HT-moduline: isolated from rat brain; interacts specifically with HT 1B/1D receptors	2.91	4	0
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	9.72	70	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	2.01	1	0
sun [no description available]	2.08	1	0
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	3.82	2	1	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	3.06	5	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
labdane labdane: from Croton joufra; structure in first source	7.31	1	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
bacteriochlorin bacteriochlorin: structure in first source. bacteriochlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of two pyrrole and two reduced pyrrole units connected by methine linkages, where the two reduced pyrroles are located diagonally opposite one another.	4.42	6	0
taxane taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae	5.33	2	2	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
sl 327 SL 327: a MEK inhibitor. SL-327 : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the cyano group has been replaced by an o-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group, while the remaining hydrogens of the ethenyl group have been replaced by amino and (4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl groups. The configuration of the double bond is not specified. It is an inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2.	2.48	2	0
krn 633 N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-propylurea: a VEGF receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.	5.04	13	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.02	1	0
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	10.79	24	12	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
phoxim phoxim: structure	2.11	1	0
fenpyroximate fenpyroximate: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	pyrazole acaricide; tert-butyl ester	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
triacsin c triacsin C: from Streptomyces No. 1228; structure given in first source; an acyl-CoA synthetase antagonist. triacsin C : A nitroso compound that is N-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters.	2	1	0	hydrazone; nitroso compound; olefinic compound	antimalarial; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
oxamyl oxamyl: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.01	1	0
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.	2.93	1	0	L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound	hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone: active metabolite of lactacystin; inhibits 20 S proteasome; structure in first source	8.28	6	0
iniparib [no description available]	3.16	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Sp)-8-bromo-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromoadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).	2	1	0
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.03	1	0
sr 142801 SR 142801: SR 142806 is the (R)-enantiomer; structure given in first source; neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist	2.42	2	0
ggti 298 GGTI 298: inhibits geranylgeranyltransferase-I; structure in first source	2.47	2	0	leucine derivative
apricoxib apricoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor; structure in first source	10.25	19	7
cp 293019 CP 293019: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
r 121919 [no description available]	3.76	10	0
lenvatinib lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.	10.52	10	4	aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
andarine [no description available]	3.15	1	0	acetamides; anilide
nsc 716970 centanamycin: a potent antimalarial and transmission-blocking DNA-binding agent inspired from ( )-duocarmycin SA that lacks a stereocenter; structure in first source. AS-I-145 : An indolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5,6,7-trimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid with the 2-amino group of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2,4-diaminonaphthalene.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; indolecarboxamide; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent
pd 0325901 mirdametinib: has antineoplastic activity; appears to be a MEK inhibitor. PD 0325901 : A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).	3.08	4	0	difluorobenzene; hydroxamic acid ester; monofluorobenzenes; organoiodine compound; propane-1,2-diols; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
nikkomycin [no description available]	2.11	1	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	7.36	20	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
lu 28-179 Lu 28-179: sigma(2) ligand and lysosomotropic agent; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
omacor Omacor: a drug containing the n-3 fatty acids that corrects plasma lipid; antiarrhthymic	7.28	4	3
ezetimibe, simvastatin drug combination Ezetimibe, Simvastatin Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of ezetimibe and simvastatin that is used in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.	11.4	14	7
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.47	2	0	oligopeptide
18f-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine (18F)fluoroethyltyrosine: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
ucb 34714 brivaracetam: A pyrrolidinone compound that is used to treat partial onset seizures in adult patients; structure in first source.. brivaracetam : A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is butanamide in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (4R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl. Used for treatment of partial onset seizures related to epilepsy.	3.14	1	0	gamma-lactam; non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative	anticonvulsant
2-pyridin-2-yl-4h-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one 2-pyridin-2-yl-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one: a cardioprotective agent; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
fructosyl-lysine fructosyllysine : A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.	2.97	4	0	fructosamine; glyco-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
3-(4-dimethylamino-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 3-(4-dimethylamino-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	1.98	1	0
rumbrin rumbrin: structure given in first source; a cytoprotective substance isolated from Auxarthron umbrinum	3.1	5	0
brl 37344 BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer	2.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
dbm-819 DBM-819: structure in first source	3.1	5	0
ci 1044 CI 1044: inhibits PDE4; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
muromonab-cd3 xestospongin C: was indexed to xestospongin A; from Xestospongia sponge; empties the ER calcium store but does not inhibit InsP3-induced Ca2+ release. xestospongin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia exigua.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; macrocycle; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; IP3 receptor antagonist; marine metabolite
du 86 DU 86: structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.01	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
dc 107 leinamycin: a thiazole containing macrolide characterized by an unusual 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane moiety that is spiro fused to an 18 member macrolactam ring; isolated from Streptomyces; MF C22-H26-N2-O6-S3; possible DNA alkylator; the leinamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces atroolivaceus S-140 consists of two polyketide synthases genes	3.35	1	0	dithiolanes
cra1000 CRA1000: a non-peptidic corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 antagonist	2	1	0
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.48	2	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	2.13	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; fatty acid ester; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine
bms201038 BMS201038: an anticholesteremic agent and microsomal triglycide transfer protein inhibitor. lomitapide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; fluorenes; piperidines	anticholesteremic drug; MTP inhibitor
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
rwj-56110 RWJ-56110: a PAR-1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.75	3	0
cabazitaxel cabazitaxel: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. cabazitaxel : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.	5.46	2	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-stabilising agent
casuarine casuarine: structure in first source; do not confuse with tannin casuariin	3.99	13	0
dm 232 DM 232: a cognition-enhancing agent; structure in first source	5.15	8	0
pbox-6 PBOX-6: structure in first source	4.34	19	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	8.98	41	5	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mirabegron mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic amide; ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide	beta-adrenergic agonist
n-(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)aspartyl-(2-phenethyl)amide N-(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)aspartyl-(2-phenethyl)amide: structure given in first source; cholecystokinin receptor antagonist	2.17	1	0
org 34517 Org 34517: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
mk-0524 MK-0524: a potent orally active human prostaglandin D(2) receptor 1 antagonist; structure in first source	5.83	2	2	indolyl carboxylic acid
s 33084 S 33084: a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	4.04	14	0
tln 4601 diazepinomicin: an alkaloid from the culture of a marine actinomycete of the genus Micromonospora; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; farnesane sesquiterpenoid; olefinic compound; secondary amine; triol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) inhibitor
fimasartan fimasartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist	4.37	1	1	biphenyls
ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	3.47	1	1	aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
ajm300 AJM300: an alpha4 integrin antagonist	3.23	1	0
tak 475 1-((1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl)acetyl)piperidine-4-acetic acid: inhibits squalene synthase; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	3.46	1	1	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin: an NF-kappaB inhibitor; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
bms-564929 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
22-hydroxyacuminatine 22-hydroxyacuminatine: cytotoxic; isolated from Camptotheca acuminata; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
naproxen-n-butyl nitrate naproxen-n-butyl nitrate: a nitric oxide-releasing NSAID derivative. naproxcinod : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of naproxen with the hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. A cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator that is metabolised to naproxen and a nitric oxide donating moiety, effective in treatment of osteoarthritis.	2.11	1	0	carboxylic ester; methoxynaphthalene; nitrate ester	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine 4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine: an hCRF(1) antagonist; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
bts 67582 [no description available]	1.99	1	0
varespladib methyl varespladib methyl : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of varespladib with methanol. It is a potential therapy for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in which toxicity depends on the action of PLA2s.	4.42	2	2	aromatic ether; benzenes; indoles; methyl ester; primary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory drug; antidote; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; prodrug
dapagliflozin [no description available]	2.61	2	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
discorhabdin p discorhabdin P: sulfur-containing pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloid (or benzothiazepine); an enzyme inhibitor from a deep-water caribbean sponge of the Genus batzella; structure in first source	3.55	2	0
lamellarin d lamellarin D: a benzo-isoquinoline-coumarin	3.17	5	0
mart-1 antigen MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.	3.36	2	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
bay36-7620 BAY36-7620: a potent non-competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonist with inverse agonist activity. ; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
2-((aminocarbonyl)amino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide 2-((aminocarbonyl)amino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide: an IKK-2 kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	aromatic amide; thiophenes
kr 30450 KR 30450: activates the cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channel; structure in first source	2.68	3	0
piperacillin 5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine: affects neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
l 838,417 L 838,417: structure in first source	3.57	2	0
rs 79948-197 RS 79948-197: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
lucilactaene lucilactaene: structure in first source	4.67	8	0
dmp 696 DMP 696: a CRF(1) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
zibotentan ZD4054: a potent endothelin receptor A antagonist that inhibits ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation	3.16	1	0	phenylpyridine
sb 705498 SB 705498: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
tivozanib N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	4.76	3	0	aromatic ether
selexipag selexipag: prostacyclin receptor agonist. selexipag : A member of the class of pyrazines that is N-(methanesulfonyl)-2-{4-[(propan-2-yl)(pyrazin-2-yl)amino]butoxy}acetamide carrying two additional phenyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 on the pyrazine ring. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is a prodrug for ACT-333679 (the free carboxylic acid).	2.25	1	0	aromatic amine; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	orphan drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug; prostacyclin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
hki 272 [no description available]	4.9	2	1	nitrile; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nb 506 NB 506: an indolocarbazole antitumor agent; structure given in first source; a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor	2	1	0
3,9-bis((ethylthio)methyl)-k-252a 3,9-bis((ethylthio)methyl)-K-252a: RN given for (9S-(9alpha,10beta,12alpha))-isomer; mixed lineage kinase inhibitor, neuroprotective agent, and neurotrophic agent derived from K-252a; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.	27.39	1,081	249	N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
spirotryprostatin b spirotryprostatin B: cell cycle inhibitor from Aspergillus fumigatus; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
tryprostatin a tryprostatin A: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin A : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at positions 2 and 6 on the indole ring by prenyl and methoxy groups respectively.	3.11	1	0	aromatic ether; dipeptide; indole alkaloid; indoles; pyrrolopyrazine	breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	2.06	1	0	diterpenoid
cediranib [no description available]	8.87	17	1	aromatic ether
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)- [no description available]	2.41	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
darapladib darapladib: a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) inhibitor, on biomarkers of cardiovascular (CV) risk	4.75	2	1
cc 1065 CC 1065: from Streptomyces zelensis; structure in second sourc	6.81	26	0
pasireotide pasireotide : A six-membered homodetic cyclic peptide composed from L-phenylglycyl, D-tryptophyl, L-lysyl, O-benzyl-L-tyrosyl, L-phenylalanyl and modified L-hydroxyproline residues joined in sequence. A somatostatin analogue with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin; used (as its diaspartate salt) for treatment of Cushing's disease.	5.19	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	antineoplastic agent
zeolites [no description available]	5.38	2	1
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	organochlorine compound
tetramethylrhodamine tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure	2.1	1	0	xanthene dye
gr 159897 GR 159897: a selective non-peptide antagonist at tachykinin NK2 receptors; structure given in first source	2	1	0	tryptamines
cgp 55845a CGP 55845A: GABA-B receptor antagonist; RN refers to cpd with no isomeric designation; CGP 55845 is the (1S,2S)-isomer	2.02	1	0
chir 99021 Chir 99021: structure in first source. CHIR 99021 : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-aminopyrimidine substituted at positions N2, 5 and 6 by (5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)ethyl, 4-methylimidazol-2-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups respectively.	3.01	4	0	aminopyridine; aminopyrimidine; cyanopyridine; diamine; dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
l-161982 L-161982: A prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist	2.76	3	0	biphenyls
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	5.24	4	3	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	2.44	2	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.	3.21	1	0	aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
sb 525334 6-(2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)quinoxaline: a TGF-betaR kinase inhibitor	2.83	3	0	quinoxaline derivative
wakayin wakayin: from ascidian Clavelina sp.; structure in first source	4.09	4	0
leucettamol a leucettamol A: from a marine sponge, Leucetta aff. microrhaphis; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	3.67	9	0
brl 52974 [no description available]	2	1	0
cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A	2.7	3	0
hyacinthacine a2 hyacinthacine A2: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
flustramine c flustramine C: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
masitinib [no description available]	8.56	9	1	1,3-thiazoles; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorapaxar vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source. vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.	2.11	1	0	carbamate ester; lactone; naphthofuran; organofluorine compound; pyridines	cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
arl-67156 6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase	2.07	1	0
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.49	2	0
hyacinthacine a1 hyacinthacine A1: structure in first source	2.43	2	0
n-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide: inhibits rat renal microsomal arachidonic acid epoxidation	2.25	1	0
ageladine a Ageladine A: an antiangiogenic matrixmetalloproteinase inhibitor from the marine sponge Agelas nakamurai; structure in first source. ageladine A : An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-amine substituted by a 4,5-dibromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 4. It is an alkaloid isolated from a marine sponge Agelas nakamurai and acts as an inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases, the key enzymes involved in tumour growth, migration, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis.	5.61	22	0	alkaloid; aromatic amine; imidazopyridine; organobromine compound; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; metabolite
ly-2157299 LY-2157299: an orally active transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beraR) kinase inhibitor. LY-2157299 : A pyrrolopyrazole that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 6-methylpyridin-2-yl and 6-(aminocarbonyl)quinolin-4-yl groups, respectively. A Transforming growth factor-betaRI (TGF-betaRI) kinase inhibitor, it blocks TGF-beta-mediated tumor growth in glioblastoma.	2.8	3	0	aromatic amide; methylpyridines; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolopyrazole; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; TGFbeta receptor antagonist
terpendole e terpendole E: structure in first source	3.11	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound
lb42708 LB42708: farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.75	3	0
fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)	2.11	1	0
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	19.4	180	33	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	7.35	6	3	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
su 14813 5-((5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide: has both antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	4.75	6	1
heptakis(2,6-o-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: stimulant for Bordetella pertussis Phase I	2.03	1	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	4.9	4	2
apixaban [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
bibw 2992 [no description available]	3.08	4	0	aromatic ether; enamide; furans; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vilanterol [no description available]	3.21	1	0	benzyl alcohols; dichlorobenzene; ether; phenols; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent
ly 379268 LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.	2.02	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; bridged compound; organic heterobicyclic compound	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
gw 799388 4-(4-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide: a TGF type I receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.76	3	0
martinellic acid martinellic acid: structure in first source	5.01	12	0
holomycin holomycin: structure. holomycin : A dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic that is 4,5-dihydro[1,2]dithiolo[4,3-b]pyrrole in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 6 have been replaced by oxo and acetamido groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and exhibits antibacterial and antitumour properties.	4.09	4	0	acetamides; dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; chelator; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
aleglitazar aleglitazar: a dual peroxisome PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma agonist for type 2 diabetes	3.45	1	1
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	2.25	1	0	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
binimetinib binimetinib : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positions 4, 5, and 6 by fluorine, (4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)nitrilo, and N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)aminocarbonyl groups, respectively. It is a MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor (IC50= 12 nM). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation in combination with encorafenib.	5.68	3	2	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monofluorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
sotrastaurin sotrastaurin: a potent protein kinase C-selective inhibitor; structure in first source. sotrastaurin : A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.	14.46	72	12	indoles; maleimides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	anticoronaviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
aee 788 AEE 788: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	6-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; trypanocidal drug
saracatinib [no description available]	3.89	3	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	3.37	6	0
sd-208 [no description available]	2.15	1	0
rocagloic acid rocagloic acid: from leaves of Aglaia elliptifolia: structure in first source	2	1	0
haouamine a haouamine A: from ascidian Aplidium haouarianum; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
7-aminoactinomycin d 7-aminoactinomycin D: staining reagent used in flow cytometry	2.05	1	0
luotonin a luotonin A: structure in first source	6.09	36	0	quinazolines
ici 213689 ICI 213689: a meropenem metabolite	4.62	6	1
n-allylsecoboldine N-allylsecoboldine: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
eugenosedin-a eugenosedin-A: antioxidant; protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension, hyperglycaemia and cytokine immunoreactivity in rats and mice	2.46	2	0
crenolanib [no description available]	2.54	2	0	aminopiperidine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; oxetanes; quinolines; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
2-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole 2-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	3.19	1	0	indolecarboxamide
(1,2-bis(1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3(2h)-ketone))ethane (1,2-bis(1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3(2H)-ketone))ethane: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
r-138727 R-138727: an active metabolite of CS-747 (prasugrel, LY640315) and P2Y12 receptor inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	organofluorine compound
longamide b longamide B: structure in first source	3.16	5	0
spirotryprostatin a spirotryprostatin A: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
meridianin a meridianin A: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
cay 10404 3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylisoxazole: a cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor	2.07	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative
martinelline martinelline: structure in first source	4.73	9	0
dysinosin a dysinosin A: structure in first source	3.13	5	0
galidesivir [no description available]	3.87	3	0
ningalin b ningalin B: structure in first source	7.97	4	0
sl0101 SL0101: p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
etc-1002 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid: inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL); has anti-atherosclerotic activity. bempedoic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is pentadecanedioic acid which is substituted by methyl groups groups at positions 2 and 14, and by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a drug used for the treatment of high LDL cholesterol, which is sometimes referred to as 'bad cholesterol'.	2.31	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	antilipemic drug; EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor; prodrug
segetalin a segetalin A: isolated from Vaccaria segetalis; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
dibromophakellstatin dibromophakellstatin: from the Indian Ocean sponge, Phakellia mauritiana; structure given in first source	2.46	2	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	9.45	64	1
isomalyngamide a isomalyngamide A: from the Hawaiian cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula; structure in first source	3.34	6	0
leupyrrin a1 leupyrrin A1: from myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
pyridine triphenylborane pyridine triphenylborane: an antifouling biocide	2.52	2	0
lennoxamine lennoxamine: structure in first source	2	1	0
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	4.53	24	0
st 1968 namitecan: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
massadine massadine: a geranylgeranyltransferase type I inhibitor from the marine sponge Stylissa aff. massa.; structure in first source. massadine : An alkaloid isolated from Stylissa massa.	3.93	12	0	alkaloid; guanidines; organobromine compound; pyrrolecarboxamide	animal metabolite; EC 2.5.1.59 (protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I) inhibitor; marine metabolite
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	4.05	15	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
molybdenum carbide molybdenum carbide: catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils	2.21	1	0
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	5.19	3	1	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lycogarubin c lycogarubin C: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
3-hydroxyproline 3-hydroxyproline: HM refers to 4-hydroxyproline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyproline : A monohydroxyproline in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position C3.	1.94	1	0	3-hydroxyproline; amino acid zwitterion; D-proline derivative	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone: a designer drug; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
mefenoxam metalaxyl-M : A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate that is the more active R-enantiomer of metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.	2.59	2	0	acylamino acid fungicide; anilide fungicide; D-alanine derivative; methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate	agrochemical
regorafenib [no description available]	14.87	40	13	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ageliferin ageliferin: structure in first source	3.76	10	0
salinosporamide b salinosporamide B: from the marine Actinomycete Salinispora tropica; structure in first source	3.3	6	0	salinosporamide
wp1066 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
hippodamine hippodamine: structure in first source	3.31	1	0
abt-737 [no description available]	7.42	31	0	aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
phenylnitrene [no description available]	2.03	1	0
brivanib [no description available]	8.81	13	2	aromatic ether; diether; fluoroindole; pyrrolotriazine; secondary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
px 478 2-amino-3-(4'-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenylpropionic acid N-oxide: inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha	3.14	1	0
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	4.87	13	0
lurasidone hydrochloride Lurasidone Hydrochloride: A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.. lurasidone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.52	2	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
pnu-282987 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
pha 680632 PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source	3.16	5	0
sb 742457 3-benzenesulfonyl-8-piperazin-1-ylquinoline: a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist	2.13	1	0
saliphenylhalamide saliphenylhalamide: a V-ATPase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.8	3	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2.36	2	0	nystatins
bay 63-2521 riociguat: guanylate cyclase stimulator; structure in first source. riociguat : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of {4,6-diamino-2-[1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}methylcarbamic acid. It is used for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension	3.46	2	0	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; pyrazolopyridine	antihypertensive agent; soluble guanylate cyclase activator
rhazinilam rhazinilam: tetracyclic structure comprises phenyl-pyrrole bridged by a nine-membered lactam ring; novel alkaloid isolated from Aspidosperma quebrachoblanco leaves; possesses mild analgesic activity in mice; RN given refers to (8aR-(8aR,14aR))-isomer; structure	2.74	3	0
np 031112 tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent. tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.	2.13	1	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
bms-626529 [no description available]	2.17	1	0
telcagepant telcagepant: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
bms-663068 fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
chromopyrrolic acid chromopyrrolic acid: structure in first source. chromopyrrolic acid : A pyrroledicarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by indol-3-yl groups.	3.32	6	0	indoles; pyrroledicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
mk 2866 [no description available]	3.15	1	0
kaitocephalin kaitocephalin: structure in first source	5.02	12	0
marizomib marizomib: a proteasome inhibitor from a marine bacterium Salinospora; structure in first source	15.24	114	4	beta-lactone; gamma-lactam; organic heterobicyclic compound; organochlorine compound; salinosporamide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
bms-690514 [no description available]	8.24	14	5
peloruside a peloruside A: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic from the sponge Mycale; structure in first source. peloruside A : A macrolide that is a novel secondary metabolite isolated from a New Zealand marine sponge, Mycale hentscheli.	2.08	1	0
ponesimod ponesimod: structure in first source	4.16	2	0
bi 2536 [no description available]	2.46	2	0
linoleic acid hydroperoxide linoleic acid hydroperoxide: RN refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleic acid hydroperoxide : A HPODE that is a mono-hydroperoxy derivative of linoleic acid	2.02	1	0
cs 0777 CS 0777: a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator	5.54	8	2
inno-406 [no description available]	2.47	2	0	biaryl
actinophyllic acid actinophyllic acid: a potent indole alkaloid inhibitor of the coupled enzyme assay carboxypeptidase u/hippuricase from the leaves of Alstonia actinophylla; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
3'-o-methylepicatechin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	catechin	metabolite
kw 2449 KW 2449: has both multikinase inhibitory activity and antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
nutlin-3a nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source	3.03	4	0	stilbenoid
danusertib [no description available]	2.21	1	0	piperazines
ditryptophenaline ditryptophenaline: structure in first source	2.52	2	0
cp 154526 CP 154526: structure in first source	9.69	117	1
nvp-aew541 [no description available]	5.77	80	0
abt 869 [no description available]	4.37	1	1	aromatic amine; indazoles; phenylureas	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
arq 197 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	indoles
ta-8995 TA-8995: inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein	4.41	1	1
tavaborole tavaborole: has antifungal activity; structure in first source. tavaborole : A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole substituted at position 5 by a fluoro group. A topical antifungal agent used for the treatment of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the toenails and fingernails).	2.1	1	0	benzoxaborole; organofluorine compound	antifungal agent; EC 6.1.1.4 (leucine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
pf 00299804 dacomitinib: a pan-ERBB inhibitor. dacomitinib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 7-methoxyquinazoline-4,6-diamine in which the amino group at position 4 is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group and the amino group at position 6 is substituted by an (E)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)but-2-enoyl group.	3.17	1	0	enamide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pyrazolone pyrazolone: non-steroid antirheumatic agent. pyrazolone : A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.	2.37	2	0
ec 144 EC 144: structure in first source	2.75	3	0
aclidinium bromide aclidinium bromide: a long-acting, inhaled antimuscarinic; in phase I trial 8/2008. aclidinium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt that is the bromide salt of aclidinium. A muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor antagonist, for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.08	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	bronchodilator agent; muscarinic antagonist
ridaforolimus [no description available]	4.39	3	0	macrolide lactam
dorsomorphin dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor. dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines	bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
azd3241 AZD3241: a myeloperoxidase inhibitor	4.43	4	1
ro 31-8425 Ro 31-8425: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
monomethyl auristatin e [no description available]	2.15	1	0
anacetrapib [no description available]	7.02	6	3
carfilzomib [no description available]	8.14	15	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
apremilast [no description available]	7.63	17	0	aromatic ether; N-acetylarylamine; phthalimides; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
cyantraniliprole cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.	2.25	1	0	nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	5.5	4	1
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.72	3	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
col-144 lasmiditan: a high-affinity, highly selective serotonin 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist; structure in first source	9.19	14	0
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	3.81	4	0
tak 285 N-(2-(4-((3-chloro-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)amino)-5H-pyrrolo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide: also inhibits HER2; structure in first source	2.47	2	0
idelalisib idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.55	2	0	aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
crizotinib Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	5.66	9	0	3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine	antineoplastic agent; biomarker; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
4-[2-(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-5-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide Vx-11e: ERK1-2 inhibitor	3.01	3	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
ly2109761 [no description available]	5.41	53	0
chir-265 [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether
lorcaserin lorcaserin: orally active, small-molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonist for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. lorcaserin : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.	3.14	1	0	benzazepine; organochlorine compound	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant
fostamatinib fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406	5.73	6	0
imrecoxib Imrecoxib: structure in first source	7.03	20	4
n-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide N-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide: sedaxane is the (trans)-isomer; structure in first source. sedaxane : A diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of the two possible cis-isomers as well as the two possible trans-isomers of sedaxane. Used in seed treatment for the control of pathogens such as Ascomycetes and Oomycetes species in crops such as fruit and wheat.. N-{2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1pyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]aniline.	2.84	3	0	aromatic amide; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; ring assembly
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	3.12	1	0
trametinib [no description available]	2.84	3	0	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
mln8054 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	benzazepine
pha 767491 PHA 767491: a Cdc7 inhibitor; structure in first source	4.25	16	0	pyrrolopyridine
avrainvillamide avrainvillamide: from Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	1-benzopyran
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
gliocladin c gliocladin C: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
moiramide b moiramide B: an anti-infective agent that inhibits bacterial acetyl-CoA carboxylase; structure in first source	2.72	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	5.13	10	1
dc 88-a duocarmycin A: from a Streptomycete	5.3	17	0
portmicin portmicin: from Nocardiopsis; structure given in first source	3.35	7	0
zaragozic acid c zaragozic acid C: structure given in first source; a fungal metabolite. zaragozic acid C : A polyketide isolated from fungi that is a potent inhibitor of fungal and mammalian squalene synthase.	3.31	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; oxabicycloalkane; polyketide; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.21 (squalene synthase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
imidazolone imidazolone: a reaction product of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone which markedly accumulates in uremic serum; structure in first source	3.3	6	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
corannulene corannulene: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
td-5108 TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source	2.43	2	0
empagliflozin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
palmitoylcarnitine Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	1.97	1	0	O-palmitoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.	3.23	1	0
telomestatin telomestatin: isolated from Spreptomyces anulatus; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
brl 15572 BRL 15572: specific for h5-HT(1D) receptors; structure in first source. 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.	3.11	5	0	hydrochloride	prodrug; serotonergic antagonist
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	5.73	20	1	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	7.15	5	3
veliparib [no description available]	2.21	1	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cytotrienin a cytotrienin A: induces apoptosis in leukemia cells; structure in first source. cytotrienin A : A 21-membered macrocyclic lactam which contains three conjugated double bonds as part of the ring system. It acts as an apoptosis inducer in human leukemia HL-60 cells and is isolated from Streptomyces sp.	3.13	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; ether; hydroquinones; lactam; macrocycle; secondary alcohol	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate: (L)-isomer is the biologically active form; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	8.39	108	0	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.44	7	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.63	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	5.23	16	0
dactolisib dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.	3.7	9	0	imidazoquinoline; nitrile; quinolines; ring assembly; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	11.34	30	3
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	1.98	1	0
amlodipine, atorvastatin drug combination [no description available]	13.53	33	14
n4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4h-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-n2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.83	3	0
mk-1597 MK-1597: structure in first source	3.48	1	1
basic red 46 basic red 46: monoazoic dye used for acrylic textiles implicated in contact dermatitis	2.6	1	0
iproniazid rhazinal: from the stem extracts of a Malayan Kopsia teoi; displays potent and unusual anti-mitotic property; structure in first source	2.47	2	0
coerulescine coerulescine: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
24-hydroxycholesterol 24-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24.	2.03	1	0	24-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	9.35	15	8
rifamycins [no description available]	6.19	5	0
tomaymycin tomaymycin: structure. tomaymycin : A pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 2,5,7,8 and 11R by ethylidene, oxo, methoxy, hydroxy and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a natural product of Streptomyces achromogenes that binds covalently with guanine in the minor groove of DNA. It is an antitumoral compound which is active in ovarian, plasmacytoma, and leukemia cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations.. (Z)-tomaymycin : The (Z)-isomer of tomaymycin.	3.37	7	0	tomaymycin
ent-dextilidine Tilidine: An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097). ent-dextilidine : An ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate that has R configuration at the carbon bearing the phenyl group and S configuration at the carbon bearing the dimethylamino group. It is the enantiomer of dextilidine; the opioid analgesic tilidine is the racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextilidine and ent-dextilidine.. tilidine : A racemate that is an equimolar mixture of the two trans diastereoisomers of ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate, namely dextilidine and ent-dextilidine. It is used (commonly as the hydrochloride hemihydrate) as an opioid analgesic for the management of moderate to severe pain. A prodrug, it is metabolised in the body to nortilidine, which is responsible for the analgesic activity; virtually all of the opioid activity resides in the (1S,2R) isomer.	1.96	1	0	ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate
thienopyrimidine thienopyrimidine: structure in first source. thienopyrimidine : A class of aromatic heterobicyclic compounds each of which contains a pyrimidine ring ortho fused to a 5-membered thiophene ring.	3.76	2	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2.85	3	0
ro 6-4563 glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion	1.98	1	0	monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	3.41	7	0
mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.01	4	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	3.48	8	0
asterina Asterina: A genus of STARFISH in the family Asterinidae. They externally hold developing embryos (EMBRYO, NON-MAMMALIAN) among the spines below the oral surface.	2.08	1	0
silver carbonate [no description available]	2.49	2	0
cysteinyldopa Cysteinyldopa: Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.	2.4	2	0	catecholamine; zwitterion
butaprost butaprost: highly selective prostaglandin receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.72	3	0
kt 5926 KT 5926: indolocarbazole; structure given in first source. KT 5926 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 5-propoxy-1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.38	2	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
furosine [no description available]	3.87	3	0	alpha-amino acid
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.42	2	0
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein: nonfluorescent, reduced form of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein	2.31	1	0
ncq 298 NCQ 298: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
discodermolide discodermolide: a lactone-bearing polyhydroxylated alkatetraene from the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta; microtubule-stabilizing agent like taxol	3.18	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	2.42	2	0
manzacidin c manzacidin C: structure in first source	5.18	8	0
jaw [no description available]	3.61	2	0	indolecarboxamide
duocarmycin b1 duocarmycin B1: from Streptomyces sp. DO-89	4.19	5	0
korormicin korormicin: from marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp.; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
cyclosporin o cyclosporin O: isolated from Cylindrocarpon lucidum and Tolypocladium inflatum; structure in first source	2	1	0
3-hydroxyhexan-2-one 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one: an aggregation pheromone	2.15	1	0
3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.	2.07	1	0
microcolin a microcolin A: structure given in first source; isolated from the blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula	2.06	1	0
cobalt tetrasulfophthalocyanine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
4,6-dibromo-2-(2',4'-dibromo)phenoxyanisole 4,6-dibromo-2-(2',4'-dibromo)phenoxyanisole: a brominated compound, detected in the blubber of dolphins and other marine mammals from Queensland (northeast Australia)	2.02	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	4.74	31	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mdv 3100 [no description available]	9.01	9	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
vonoprazan 1-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine: a proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source	20.73	255	68	pyrroles
serofendic acid serofendic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
macitentan [no description available]	2.83	3	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; pyrimidines; ring assembly; sulfamides	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist; orphan drug
toceranib phosphate toceranib phosphate: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	11.67	90	14
nvp-tae684 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	piperidines
5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide 5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	5.37	21	0
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2.4	2	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	1.99	1	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2.4	2	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.11	1	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.06	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	9.41	30	6	polypeptide
thrombin receptor peptide (42-55) thrombin receptor peptide (42-55): tethered ligand exposed by cleavage of platelet thrombin receptor by thrombin, activates platelets and induces platelet activation; amino acid sequence given in first source; do not confuse with other TRAP (CD40L, MtrB, TRAP protocol, or thrombospondin related anonymous protein)	6.04	3	2
fullerene c70 [no description available]	2.52	2	0	fullerene
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas	2.41	2	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	8.05	13	7
urotensin i urotensin I: stimulates active chloride transport by the skin of marine teleost in contrast to urotensin II which inhibits it; RN given refers to urotensin I with unknown MF; see also record for urotensin II	2.44	2	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	6.57	18	1	peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges	2.67	3	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	2.42	2	0
sauvagine sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues	3.65	9	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	3.1	5	0
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	1.98	1	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	3.41	7	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.21	1	0
cucurbit(8)uril cucurbit(8)uril: a macrocyclic polymer compound comprising 8 GLYCOLURIL units with methylene bridges	2.25	1	0
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	5.21	15	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.41	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	9.13	68	0
anticodon Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.	2.71	3	0
liraglutide [no description available]	2.58	2	0	lipopeptide; polypeptide	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	4.88	13	0
insulin glulisine insulin glulisine: provides greater beta-cell protective action	2.03	1	0
insulin detemir Insulin Detemir: A recombinant long-acting insulin and hypoglycemic agent in which a MYRISTIC ACID is conjugated to a LYSINE at position B29. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.03	1	0
r18 peptide R18 peptide: a 20-mer peptide, derived from a phage library, that binds 14-3-3 tau protein; amino acid sequence in first source	2.04	1	0
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	2.46	2	0
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- [no description available]	2	1	0	polypeptide	dermatologic drug
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	7.91	7	5
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	2.74	3	0
an 207 AN 207: RN given for (2S-cis)-isomer	4.81	10	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	5.59	64	0	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	2	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	11.18	32	5
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	6.77	13	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	6.09	3	2	21-hydroxy steroid
bilirubin dimethyl ester [no description available]	2.4	2	0
buparlisib NVP-BKM120: a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.5	2	0	aminopyridine; aminopyrimidine; morpholines; organofluorine compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
azd 1480 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
famitinib famitinib: structure in first source	10.97	19	7
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	8.64	74	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for tributylin: 688-73-3	2.1	1	0	inorganic molecular entity
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	3.11	5	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
pevonedistat pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.	2.31	1	0	cyclopentanols; indanes; pyrrolopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; sulfamidate	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
cobyrinic acid cobyrinic acid: structure	1.95	1	0	cobalt-corrinoid heptacarboxylic acid; cobyrinic acid
fedratinib fedratinib: a selective small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2	2.53	2	0	sulfonamide
gsk690693 [no description available]	2.57	2	0	1,2,5-oxadiazole; acetylenic compound; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; imidazopyridine; piperidines; primary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
pyranonigrin a pyranonigrin A: structure in first source. pyranonigrin A : A member of the class of pyranopyrroles that is 2-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-6,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,5-dione carrying two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 7. Originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.	3.46	7	0	cyclic ketone; enol; gamma-lactam; pyranopyrrole; secondary alcohol	antioxidant; Aspergillus metabolite; marine metabolite
ro 10-5824 RO 10-5824: structure in first source	2.5	2	0
zm323881 ZM323881: inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor-2 tyrosine kinase activity; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; benzyl ether; fluorophenol; halophenol; monofluorobenzenes; organic cation; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.73	3	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	3.28	6	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	2.57	2	0	organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	2.48	2	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	12.49	42	15
argpyrimidine argpyrimidine: structure given in first source. argpyrimidine : A member of the class of hydroxypyrimidines obtained by cyclocondensation of L-arginine and methylglyoxal; a methyl glyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-product (AGE) in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and human cancers.	2.13	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	epitope
sm 164 SM 164: a bivalent Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	benzenes; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary carboxamide; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; radiosensitizing agent
ono ae 248 ONO AE 248: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine: structure in first source	2.73	3	0
ethyl glucuronide ethyl glucuronide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (BETA-D)-isomer. ethyl glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the ethyl derivative of beta-D-glucuronic acid.	2.31	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	human urinary metabolite
n-(2-methylbenzyl)linoleamide N-(2-methylbenzyl)linoleamide: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer; structure	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.96	4	0
sodium cyanoborohydride sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides	1.97	1	0
lithium borohydride [no description available]	2.01	1	0
gv 196771a GV 196771A: structure in first source	5.45	8	2
hoe k86-4321 HOE k86-4321: bradykinin antagonist	1.97	1	0
1,2,4-trioxane 1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
dysibetaine dysibetaine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
pyrazolopyridine pyrazolopyridine: act as competitive antagonists of brain adenosine A1 receptors	3.9	3	0
chitosan [no description available]	7.09	70	1
icotinib [no description available]	4.12	2	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	3.85	3	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	3.97	13	0
n(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine: from Streptococcus lactis; RN given is for the L isomer. N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine : A L-lysine derivative formed during the reaction between methylglyoxal and protein. CEL is a homologue of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end-product that is formed on reaction of glyoxal or glycolaldehyde with protein and on oxidative cleavage of fructoselysine, the Amadori adduct formed on glycation of protein by glucose.	2.46	2	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	2.01	1	0
cefpodoxime 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole: a Tie2 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	2.07	1	0	imidazoles
a 867744 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-propionyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide: positive modulator of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; structure in first source	3.31	6	0
cobyric acid [no description available]	2.43	2	0	cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	2.15	1	0	organosulfonic acid
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	5.07	42	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
tert-butoxide, potassium [no description available]	2.49	2	0
lithium perchlorate lithium perchlorate: stabilizes DNA-polycation complex; RN given refers to parent compound	2.47	2	0
bmy 21950 BMY 21950: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate [no description available]	1.93	1	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	3.38	7	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.	8.36	7	5
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	3.34	5	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	2.78	3	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	3.23	1	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	4.82	5	0
arginine Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.	2.38	2	0
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	2.65	3	0	cyclodepsipeptide
olaparib [no description available]	3.95	2	1	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
almorexant almorexant: a dual orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia	3.47	1	1	isoquinolines
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.25	1	0
spirastrellolide f methyl ester spirastrellolide F methyl ester: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
neolamellarin a neolamellarin A: from the sponge Dendrilla nigra; structure in first source	3.23	5	0
plx 4720 PLX 4720: a B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.25	1	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; organochlorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
lcl161 [no description available]	3.04	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic ketone; L-alanine derivative; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpyrrolidine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
ast 1306 AST 1306: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 2; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	quinazolines
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	3.49	8	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cpi 613 devimistat: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
mln 8237 MLN 8237: an aurora kinase A inhibitor	2.31	1	0	benzazepine
lde225 sonidegib: specific Smoothened/Smo antagonist. sonidegib : A member of the classo of biphenyls that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methyl-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 6-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-amine. Used (as its phosphate salt) for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.	2.5	2	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ether; benzamides; biphenyls; morpholines; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist
gdc 0449 HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity	2.79	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist; teratogenic agent
bms 754807 BMS 754807: an IGR-1R kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.59	2	0	pyrazoles; pyridines; pyrrolidines; pyrrolotriazine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
gdc-0068 ipatasertib: an Akt kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.35	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
sgi 1776 SGI 1776: a Pim kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	imidazoles
marinopyrrole a marinopyrrole A: antibiotic from a marine Streptomyces sp.; structure in first source. (-)-marinopyrrole A : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.	5.64	22	0	aromatic ketone; organochlorine compound; phenols; pyrroles	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
delanzomib [no description available]	5.39	5	0	C-terminal boronic acid peptide; phenylpyridine; secondary alcohol; threonine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; proteasome inhibitor
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.03	1	0
pci 32765 ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.	3.39	6	0	acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ponatinib [no description available]	5.1	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	1.94	1	0
mk-1775 adavosertib: a Wee1 kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.63	2	0	piperazines
sch772984 [no description available]	2.41	1	0	biaryl; indazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-alkylpyrrolidine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
fluorosalinosporamide fluorosalinosporamide: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
quizartinib [no description available]	3.61	8	0	benzoimidazothiazole; isoxazoles; morpholines; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; necroptosis inhibitor
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	8.02	13	1	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
navitoclax [no description available]	7.44	16	0	aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
pargamicin a pargamicin A: isolated from Amycolatopsis; structure in first source	3.17	1	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.88	4	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	6.01	33	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	11.57	41	6
oprozomib ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source	5.57	6	0
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.	2.03	1	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.08	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	1.97	1	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
ah 111585 AH 111585: an RGD-based integrin peptide-polymer conjugate for imaging breast cancer	2.47	2	0
ly2510924 LY2510924: a CXCR4 antagonist	4.43	1	1
cabozantinib cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor. cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer.	14.03	28	9	aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cym-5520 CYM-5520: structure in first source	2.53	2	0
ammosamide b ammosamide B: structure in first source	3.04	4	0
defactinib [no description available]	2.17	1	0
incb-018424 [no description available]	13.39	40	3	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans [no description available]	2.21	1	0
pexidartinib pexidartinib: inhibits both CSF1R and c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase; structure in first source. pexidartinib : A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).	15.2	107	8	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
emd1214063 tepotinib: MET inhibitor	2.15	1	0
ammosamide a ammosamide A: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
gsk 1838705a [no description available]	5.09	7	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	5.33	6	0	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
lgd 3303 9-chloro-2-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-pyrrolo(3,2-f)quinolin-7(6H)-one: an androgen receptor modulator; structure in first source	4.06	4	0
ldn 193189 LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling	2.52	2	0	pyrimidines
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	2.04	1	0
gallinamide a gallinamide A: antimalarial peptide from marine cyanobacteria	2.1	1	0
pf 3758309 PF 3758309: a PAK4 p21-activated kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.53	21	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
phytochromobilin phytochromobilin: structure given in first source; this bilin is a pigment derived from phycoerythrobilin-containing proteins. phytochromobilin : A member of the class of bilins which functions as the chromophore of light-sensing phytochromes in plants.. (3Z)-phytochromobilin(2-) : Dicarboxylate anion of (3Z)-phytochromobilin.	3.86	12	0
3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-indole-5-carboxylic acid 3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid: an SHP2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
azd2014 vistusertib: potent and selective dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.58	2	0
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	benzyl alcohols; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; mTOR inhibitor
rosuvastatin lactone rosuvastatin lactone: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines
8-iso-prostaglandin a2 8-isoprostaglandin A2: a cyclopentenone isoprostane	3.45	1	1	prostanoid
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.	2.42	2	0	11,12-EET	human xenobiotic metabolite
plx4032 [no description available]	3.51	7	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
dibromophakellin dibromophakellin: an alpha2B receptor agonist; isolated from Acanthella costata and Pseudoaxinyssa cantharella; structure in first source. (-)-dibromophakellin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine sponge Phakellia flabellata and Acanthella costata. It acts as an alpha2B adrenoceptor agonist.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; guanidines; organobromine compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; animal metabolite; marine metabolite
gsk 1363089 GSK 1363089: a multikinase inhibitor that acts on Met, RON, Axl, and VEGFR; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
glycolipids [no description available]	2.98	4	0
tak-441 TAK-441: structure in first source	4.99	8	1
a-582941 A-582941: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist	5.11	13	0
alamandine alamandine: heptapeptide generated by catalytic action of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 angiotensin A or directly from angiotensin-(1-7)	2.15	1	0	peptide
bms 665053 BMS 665053: structure in first source	3.17	1	0
elafin Elafin: A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG.	2.15	1	0
baricitinib [no description available]	11.91	47	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
magnesium protoporphyrin magnesium protoporphyrin(2-) : The conjugate base of magnesium protoporphyrin, formed by deprotonation of the carboxyethyl groups at C-13 and C-17. It is the principal species at pH 7.3.	2.38	2	0
idx 899 IDX 899: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor	7.5	4	4
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	27.97	1,360	277
pht 427 4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	3.69	2	0
6-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-methylsulfinyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone ML-265: a small molecule activator of PKM2	5.41	14	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
tas-115 4-(2-fluoro-4-((((2-phenylacetyl)amino)thioxomethyl)amino)phenoxy)-7-methoxy-N-methyl-6-quinolinecarboxamide: inhibits both VEGFR and MET kinase; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
bryostatin 1 bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S-(1R,3R,5Z,7S,8E,11R,12R(2E,4E),13E,15R,17S(S),21S,23S,25R))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.	5.38	7	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	10.18	47	6
dabrafenib [no description available]	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
GS-441524 [no description available]	7.79	15	1	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; nitrile; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; drug metabolite
zwittermicin a zwittermicin A: isolated from Bacillus cereus; structure in first source. (+)-zwittermicin A : The (+)-enantiomer of zwittermicin A. It is a water-soluble natural antibiotic from the fermentation of the soil-borne bacterium Bacillus cereus and shows significant activity against phytopathogenic fungi.	3.27	1	0	4,8-diamino-N-[1-amino-3-(carbamoylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-2,3,5,7,9-pentahydroxynonanamide; peptide antibiotic	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite
hmpl-013 HMPL-013: a VEGF receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
bi 653048 bs h3po4 BI 653048 BS H3PO4: structure in first source	7.06	6	0
integric acid integric acid: structure in first source. integric acid : An eremophilane sesquiterpenoid with anti-HIV-1 activity. It is isolated from Xylaria sp. MF6254.	2	1	0	carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid; enal; enone; eremophilane sesquiterpenoid	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor; metabolite
kahalalide f kahalalide F: a cyclodepsipeptide toxin; isolated from a mollusk, Elysia rubefescens; exhibits antitumoral activity against cell lines of colon cancer and prostatic cancer; structure given in first source	3.18	1	0
an2728 crisaborole: NSAID, Dermatologic Agent; structure in first source. crisaborole : A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 5-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborole in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyanophenyl group. A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that is used for treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adults.	3.68	2	0	aromatic ether; benzoxaborole; nitrile	antipsoriatic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
gsk2586184 GSK2586184: a Janus kinase inhibitor	3.06	1	0
n6022 N6022: inhibits S-nitrosoglutathione reductase; structure in first source	7.47	14	1
ribociclib ribociclib: inhibits both CDK4 and CDK6	3.8	1	1
oclacitinib [no description available]	6.04	4	0
formylchromone formylchromone: structure in first source	7.6	1	0
gx 15-070 obatoclax: a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor potentially useful in treating mantle cell lymphoma	16.72	173	15
fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.	2.43	2	0
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	2.72	3	0
2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate [no description available]	1.94	1	0	phospho sugar
3-(6-amino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenol 3-(6-amino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenol: inhibits ALK2 protein; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
zeamine zeamine: from Dickeya zeae; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
carboetomidate carboetomidate: a pyrrole analog of etomidate designed not to suppress adrenocortical function; structure in first source	3.79	10	0
ly2784544 [no description available]	2.11	1	0	pyridazines
abemaciclib [no description available]	2.21	1	0
pf 3084014 nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.	2.5	2	0
afuresertib [no description available]	4.01	3	0	amphetamines
hh-gv678 flumatinib: an antineoplastic agent and tyrosine kinase inhibitor	2.1	1	0
vs-5584 VS-5584: a highly selective PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer	2.25	1	0
dinaciclib [no description available]	3.08	4	0	pyrazolopyrimidine
gdc-0152 GDC-0152: structure in first source	6.51	15	1
tug-469 TUG-469: a GPR40 agonist with antidiabetic activity; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
bix 01294 BIX 01294: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
gilteritinib gilteritinib: an FLT3/AXL protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. gilteritinib : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine-2-carboxamide which is substituted by {3-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}nitrilo, (oxan-4-yl)nitrilo and ethyl groups at positions 3,5 and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinase receptors (IC50 = 0.29 nM and 0.73 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in patients who have a FLT3 gene mutation.	2.21	1	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxybenzene; N-methylpiperazine; oxanes; piperidines; primary carboxamide; pyrazines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
glpg0634 [no description available]	8.22	13	0
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.58	2	0	dipeptide
evacetrapib [no description available]	5.35	2	2	benzazepine
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	6.97	8	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
tubastatin a [no description available]	2.17	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyridoindole; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
delgocitinib delgocitinib: a Janus kinase inhibitor. delgocitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a (3S,4R)-1-(cyanoacetyl)-3-methyl-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl group at position 4. It is a pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan.	10.23	25	8	azaspiro compound; N-acylazetidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory drug; antipsoriatic; antiseborrheic; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
azd4547 [no description available]	3.08	4	0	benzamides; N-arylpiperazine; pyrazoles	fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
gsk2141795 GSK2141795: an Akt inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	3.35	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	3.16	5	0
azd8186 [no description available]	2.52	2	0
apr-246 eprenetapopt: works in tandem with cisplatin to cause apoptosis of tumor cells; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
marinoquinoline a marinoquinoline A: pyrroloquinoline from Ohtaekwangia kribbensis (Bacteroidetes); showed weak antibacterial and antifungal activities and moderate cytotoxicity against four growing mammalian cell lines; structure in first source. marinoquinoline A : A pyrroloquinoline that is 3H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 4. It is a natural product found in Ohtaekwangia kribbensis and Rapidithrix thailandica.	3.02	4	0	pyrroloquinoline	bacterial metabolite
4-methylethcathinone 4-methylethcathinone: structure in first source	2.81	3	0	aromatic ketone
3-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-(4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylurea infigratinib: structure in first source. BGJ-398 : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, while the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 6-{[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a potent and selective fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor.	4.76	4	0	aminopyrimidine; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
nvp-cgm097 NVP-CGM097: an MDM2 and HDM2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	3.86	12	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	12.96	38	21	polypeptide
pf 956980 PF 956980: structure in first source. PF-956980 : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by a methyl[(3R,4R)-4-methyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl]nitrilo group. It is a potent JAK3-selective chemical probe.	4.09	5	0	N-acylpiperidine; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	9.25	107	0
incb039110 INCB039110: a JAK1 inhibitor; structure in first source	11.26	13	7
7-methyl-5-(1-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl)-2,3-dihydro-1h-indol-5-yl)-7h-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-amine 7-methyl-5-(1-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl)-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: inhibits protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK); structure in first source	2.07	1	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.13	1	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.06	1	0
phenyliminoribitol phenyliminoribitol: inhibits inosine-guanosine hydrolase; structure given in first source	2	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	10.4	63	11	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
coumermycin coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.	5.46	21	0	aromatic amide; coumarins; glycoside; heteroarenecarboxylate ester; pyrroles	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	5.2	16	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	4.7	5	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.6	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	4.82	9	0
methacycline Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.	2.03	1	0
isoascorbic acid isoascorbic acid: food antioxidant; (L)-isomer is ascorbic acid; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.25	1	0	ascorbic acid
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	6.28	20	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.01	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	5.98	9	3	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	3.48	2	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
laquinimod [no description available]	3.61	2	0	aromatic amide
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.02	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	11.37	79	2	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
tenuazonic acid Tenuazonic Acid: 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.. tenuazonic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 5-(butan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione carrying an additional acetyl group at position 3. A mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi.	2.87	4	0
3-acetyltetramic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0
equisetin equisetin: antibiotic from Fusarium equiseti; derivative of N-methyl-2,4-pyrollidone with elemental composition C22-H31-N-O4; N1 same as NM. equisetin : A member of the class of tetramic acids that is trichosetin in which the hydrogen attached to the lactam nitrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. It is produced by the filamentous fungus Fusarium heterosporum.	2.44	2	0	enol; octahydronaphthalenes; primary alcohol; tetramic acids	antibacterial agent; fungal metabolite; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor; quorum sensing inhibitor
gimeracil gimeracil: a biochemical and pharmacological modulator of 5-FU	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	3.14	1	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.38	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	3.43	1	1	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
teriflunomide [no description available]	2.81	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tetramic acid tetramic acid : A gamma-lactam that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. Despite its simple structure, it was not synthesised until 1972; earlier attempts were later shown to have resulted only in the formation of the isomer 5-imino-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol.	3.56	8	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.02	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
harzianic acid harzianic acid: isolated from Trichoderma harzianum; structure in first source	3.88	11	0
omadacycline omadacycline: demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and select Gram-negative pathogens; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	tetracyclines
clorobiocin clorobiocin: chlorine-containing antibiotic related to novobiocin	2.44	2	0
tetrapetalone a tetrapetalone A: a lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
s 1 (combination) S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer	7.03	6	5
dolutegravir [no description available]	2.15	1	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
urmc-099 URMC-099: inhibits mixed lineage kinase 3	5.4	16	0
byl719 [no description available]	2.83	3	0	proline derivative
rgfp966 [no description available]	2.15	1	0
2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan SK&F 10047: pharmacologic action of cpd may depend on (L)- or (D)-isomerism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
hexaminecobalt (iii) trichloride hexaminecobalt (III) trichloride: structure	1.97	1	0
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2.93	4	0
snx 230 omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.92	4	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	7.51	28	0
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	2.02	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2.87	4	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	3.17	5	0
sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride [no description available]	2.02	1	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	4.23	18	0
bismuth oxybromide bismuth oxybromide: bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoplate microspheres were used to remove NO in indoor air under visible light irradiation	2.41	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	9.56	101	2
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.11	1	0
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	2.48	2	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
LimKi 3 LIMKi3: LIMK inhibitor. LimKi 3 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole which is substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 3 and by a 2-(isobutyrylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl group at position 5. It is a a potent cell-permeable inhibitor of LIM kinase 1 and 2.	2.25	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; dichlorobenzene; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide	LIM kinase inhibitor
astressin-2b astressin-2B: a CRF2 receptor antagonist. astressin 2B : A 33-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Leu-Ser-D-Phe-His-alpha-MeLeu-Leu-Arg-Lys-Nle-Ile-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Gln-Glu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Gln-Gln-Ala-Glu-Asn-Asn-Lys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Asp-alpha-MeLeu-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 24 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 27.	3.96	12	0
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	3.88	12	0	ketal
pbtz169 macozinone: an antitubercular agent; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
cep 33779 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
ceritinib ceritinib: an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor. ceritinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2,6-diamino-5-chloropyrimidine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 6 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-(piperidin-4-yl)-5-methylphenyl and 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. Used for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.	2.55	2	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; piperidines; secondary amino compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.1	1	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
wnt-c59 2-(4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide: a PORCN acyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
(1-(3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl methanesulfonate (1-(3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl methanesulfonate: a GPR119 agonist	3.47	1	1
gkt137831 setanaxib: NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor; a pyrazolopyridine dione derivative	2.15	1	0
armeniaspirol a armeniaspirol A: structure in first source	3.31	5	0
saroglitazar saroglitazar: a PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonist. saroglitazar : A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	13.52	48	12	aromatic ether; methyl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	hypoglycemic agent; PPARalpha agonist; PPARgamma agonist
pyrethrins [no description available]	4.12	14	0
vx-787 pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs	9.47	13	3
erdafitinib erdafitinib: inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors	5.6	5	0
tan 67 TAN 67: a non-peptidic selective delta-opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
gsk-2816126 GSK-2816126: inhibits EZH2 methyltransferase; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	piperazines; pyridines
3-(6-isobutyl-9-methoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12a-octahydropyrazino(1',2'-1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indol-3-yl)propionic acid tert-butyl ester 3-(6-isobutyl-9-methoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12a-octahydropyrazino(1',2'-1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indol-3-yl)propionic acid tert-butyl ester: a breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
lys01 Lys01: an autophagy inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
siroheme [no description available]	2	1	0
maysin maysin: structure in first source. maysin : A flavone C-glycoside that is luteolin attached to a disaccharide residue at position 6. It has been isolated from natural product Petrorhagia velutina and Zea mays and exhibits insecticidal and neuroprotective activities.	2.17	1	0	disaccharide derivative; flavone C-glycoside; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavone	insecticide; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
kiss1 protein, human Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.	2.05	1	0
palau'amine palau'amine: structure in first source	3.76	10	0
fti 277 FTI 277: a ras CAAX (C - Cys; A - aliphatic amino acid; X - Ser or Met) peptidomimetic; inhibits farnesyltransferase; blocks Ras oncogenic signaling by accumulating Ras/Raf complexes in the cytoplasm; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
kibdelomycin kibdelomycin: an antibiotic that inhibits both gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV; isolated from Kibdelosporangium; structure in first source	4.62	7	0
tg6-10-1 TG6-10-1: brain-permeant prostaglandin E receptor 2 antagonist; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
laponite laponite: a synthesized hectorite; chemical formula in first source	2.25	1	0
phleomycin d1 phleomycin D1 : A glycopeptide originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus which contains a (4'R)-4',5'-dihydro-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole-2',4-diyl moiety with a a 4-guanidylbutylaminocarbonyl group attached to the 4-position of the terminal thiazole ring. Like all phleomycins, phleomycin D1 can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe.	2.13	1	0	bi-1,3-thiazole; chelate-forming peptide; disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; guanidines	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ly3009120 LY3009120: a pan-RAF inhibitor; structure in first source. LY3009120 : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by methylamino, 5-{[(3,3-dimethylbutyl)carbamoyl]amino}-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl, and methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a potent pan RAF inhibitor which inhibits BRAF(V600E), BRAF(WT) and CRAF(WT) (IC50 = 5.8, 9.1 and 15 nM, respectively). It also inhibits RAF homo- and heterodimers and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.15	1	0	aminotoluene; aromatic amine; biaryl; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridopyrimidine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; B-Raf inhibitor; necroptosis inhibitor
gsk-j4 GSK-J4: a JMJD3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
fructosylvaline fructosylvaline: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
atogepant atogepant : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (3'S)-2'-oxo-1',2',5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (3S,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-methyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5-(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)piperidin-2-one. It is a selective oral, small-molecule antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor that has been approved for the treatment of migraine.	14.73	33	17	azaspiro compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; piperidones; secondary carboxamide; trifluorobenzene	calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	3.16	5	0
imetelstat [no description available]	7.22	13	0
glutaminase [no description available]	2.21	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	4.62	24	0
vu0422288 VU0422288: a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
fluconazole deltarasin: inhibits the interaction between PDEdelta and KRAS protein; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
astressin b [no description available]	3.41	7	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	3	4	0
onc201 TIC10 compound: a TRAIL-dependent antitumor agent; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	3.48	8	0
azd0914 zoliflodacin: a DNA gyrase inhibitor for treatment of gonorrhea	3.21	1	0
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.	1.97	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	1.97	1	0
himastatin himastatin: structure given in first source; isolated from cultured broth of Streptomyces hygroscopious. himastatin : A dimeric cyclohexadepsipeptide with formula C72H104N14O20. It is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits antitumor and antibacterial activity.	2	1	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	4.67	8	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	3.13	5	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	4.8	7	0
s-nitroglutathione S-nitroglutathione: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	7.72	44	0
gsk3235025 GSK3235025: an inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5); structure in first source	2.21	1	0
1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d3 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3: RN refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer; formulated in ointment at a concentration of 4 microg/g, for treatment of mild psoriasis	2.17	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.	2.94	4	0
ggti 297 GGTI 297: inhibitor of farnesyltransferase; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
snx 482 SNX 482: from venom of tarantula, Hysterocrates gigas; amino acid sequence in first source	2.11	1	0
kaliotoxin kaliotoxin: peptidyl inhibitor of neuronal BK-type calcium-activated K+ channels from Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus venom; MW 4 kDa; amino acid sequence has been determined	1.98	1	0
tws 119 [no description available]	7.06	22	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	4.88	8	1	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
ferric oxide, saccharated Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.	2.03	1	0
ascophyllum Ascophyllum: A BROWN ALGAE closely related to FUCUS. It is found attached to rocks and boulders on the middle shore, primarily in the North Atlantic basin.	7.08	1	0
tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate: structure given in first source; used to activate thioglycosides towards glycosylation; do not confuse with BAHA cpd	2.41	1	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	3.2	5	0
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.	2.02	1	0
kosinostatin kosinostatin: isolated from Micromonospora; structure in first source	2.76	3	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.8	3	0
sta 2 STA 2: thromboxane A2 agonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
gonyautoxin ii gonyautoxin II: RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4alpha,9beta,10aR*))-isomer; gonyautoxin III is the (9alpha)-isomer of gonyautoxin II	2.04	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; paralytic shellfish toxin	marine metabolite
gibberellins [no description available]	2.01	1	0
nargenicin a1 nargenicin A1: from Saccharopolyspora hirsuta; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	2.15	1	0
trichodermin Trichodermin: Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.. trichodermin : A tetracyclic spiroepoxide which acts as an antifungal and protein synthesis inhibitor.	1.96	1	0
yuremamine Yuremamine: from the stem bark of Mimosa tenuiflora; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
daptomycin [no description available]	2.75	3	0
fusarisetin a fusarisetin A: from soil fungus, Fusarium sp. FN080326; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
nifedipine hemanthamine: crinine-like alkaloid from AMARYLLIDACEAE; RN given for (3beta,5alpha,11R,13beta,19alpha)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
magnesium hydroxide hodgkinsine: structure given in first source; isolated from the tropical plant Psychotria oleoides	2.47	2	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.25	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	6.48	25	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.43	2	0
refludan lepirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.	2.03	1	0
ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate: RN given refers to unspecified NH4-Fe(+3) salt. ferric ammonium citrate : A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia.	2.03	1	0
humulin s Insulin, Regular, Human: Regular insulin preparations that contain the HUMAN insulin peptide sequence.. insulin (human) : An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.	2.02	1	0
insulin glargine Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.1	1	0
oblimersen oblimersen: targets the Bcl-2 oncogene good efficacy with low toxicity tumour regressions	5.87	6	0
sermorelin Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH).	2.08	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	7.86	16	1	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
ged0301 GED0301: a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide	4.78	3	0
aprinocarsen ISIS 3521: 20-nucleotide phosphorothioate antisense molecule that targets protein kinase C-alpha isoenzyme	3.1	1	0
zinc tannate kastrin: injected intratesticularly; effects chemical sterilization in male rats	2.07	1	0
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	2.92	4	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	4.22	5	0
margatoxin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
lysergic acid lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.	2.01	1	0
validamycins validamycins: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; structure given in Merck Index, 9th ed, #9570 has been revised in fifth source; structure in fifth source; see also record for validamycin A. validamycins : Any of the inositol-derived beta-D-glucoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	3.11	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	13.09	55	12
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	5.17	3	1
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	2.47	2	0
triciribine triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.	2.8	3	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	2.11	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.01	1	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	3.36	2	0
2-hydroxyatorvastatin 2-hydroxyatorvastatin: an atorvastatin metabolite	8.86	14	7
ngp 1-01 NGP 1-01: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	3.33	6	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	4.37	1	1
technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	2.73	3	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	8.12	15	7
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.87	12	0
cord factors Cord Factors: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.	2.52	2	0
chromomycins Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.	2.37	2	0
8-(3-(1-((3-fluorophenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-1-oxopropyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4h-pyrrolo(3,2,1-ij)quinolin-4-one 8-(3-(1-((3-fluorophenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-1-oxopropyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo(3,2,1-ij)quinolin-4-one: structure in first source	4.93	8	1
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	7.4	7	2
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.69	9	0
noxiustoxin noxiustoxin: fraction of venom of scorpion Centruroides noxius	1.98	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.46	2	0
isatidine isatidine: structure	1.98	1	0
clivorine clivorine: isolated from Ligularia dentata; structure in first source	2.72	3	0
trehalose monomycolate trehalose monomycolate : Any trehalose bearing a single O-mycolate substituent; obtained via extraction of the cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis.	2.52	2	0
mrk 003 MRK 003: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
factor a factor A: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
akt-i-1,2 compound Akt-I-1,2 compound: an aminopeptidase P inhibitor; structure in first source	3.99	3	0
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source	2	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.1	5	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	10.44	16	10	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	8.56	80	2	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	9.57	18	3	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.08	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	4.09	3	1	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.5	8	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	7.93	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4	14	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	11.94	60	6	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	10.03	13	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	5.77	16	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.88	4	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	5.11	14	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine diphosphate Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	3.48	1	1	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	8.84	10	6	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	5.42	18	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.81	3	0
queuine [no description available]	3.27	6	0	pyrrolopyrimidine	Escherichia coli metabolite
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	4.45	22	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7-methylguanine 7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.	1.95	1	0	7-methylguanine
7,8-dihydrobiopterin 7,8-dihydrobiopterin: RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. 7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A dihydropterin that is biopterin dihydrogenated at positions 7 and 8.. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.	4.35	1	1	7,8-dihydrobiopterin
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	3.53	8	0
neopterin [no description available]	6.89	7	4
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	10.5	35	4	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	5.38	18	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	9.68	22	1	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	4.69	2	1	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.96	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.97	4	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	2.9	4	0	triazolopyrimidines
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer	2.25	1	0	benzamides; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
syringaldazine syringaldazine: used for detection of laccase in sporophores of wood rotting fungi; structure	2.21	1	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	6.04	27	1	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	2.05	1	0
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	2.37	2	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
xanthopterin [no description available]	1.94	1	0
makaluvamine f makaluvamine F: a potent & cytotoxic marine alkaloid; structure in first source	4.04	2	0
7-deazainosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
7-deazaguanine [no description available]	3.05	4	0	organic molecular entity
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	quinazolines
roseophilin roseophilin: isolated from Streptomyces griseovirdis; structure in first source	6	20	0
forodesine forodesine: structure in first source	9.2	43	1	dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.4	2	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	10.46	16	6	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
bentazepam bentazepam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.47	2	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
lometrexol lometrexol: RN & structure given in first source;	3.08	1	0
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	8.37	20	4	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
peldesine peldesine: potent inhibitor of human CCRF-CEM T-cell proliferation; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
spd 502 SPD 502: structure in first source	6.69	9	2
hymenialdisine [no description available]	7.65	30	0
da 8159 udenafil: a pyrazolo-pyrimidinone similar to sildenafil; phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor;	3.14	1	0	sulfonamide
quazinone [no description available]	2	1	0
isogranulatimide isogranulatimide: G2 checkpoint inhibitor; structure in first source	3.54	2	0
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	3.87	12	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
ag-879 AG-879: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	2.15	1	0	oxopurine
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.5	2	0
ro 24-7429 Ro 24-7429: blocks the action of the HIV tat protein; an analog of Ro 5-3335; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Jul 15;90(14):6395-9	7.15	19	2	benzodiazepine
nintedanib nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.	7.09	7	1
zd 9331 ZD 9331: BGC9331 was formerly known as ZD9331; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
4,5-dihydro-1h-1,2,4-triazol-5-one 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one: a 1,2,4-triazole derivative; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	7.51	11	3	guanosines	biomarker
bms 536924 BMS 536924: inhibits insulin-like growth factor I receptor kinase; structure in first source	4.07	4	0
2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2	2.15	1	0
clozapine n-oxide clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	dibenzodiazepine
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.92	4	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
immucillin g immucillin G: structure in first source	6.16	17	0	dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine
ly 518674 LY 518674: a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist; structure in first source	5.77	2	2
10-formyltetrahydrofolate 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A form of tetrahydrofolate that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. In these reactions 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is used as a substrate in formyltransferase reactions, which is important in purine biosynthesis.	2.25	1	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
debromohymenialdisine [no description available]	3.98	13	0
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	7.62	80	0
9-deazaguanine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
streptovaricin c streptovaricin C: structure given in first source	3.45	2	0
eriochrome black t [no description available]	2.25	1	0
aplysinopsin aplysinopsin: antineoplastic tryptophan deriv from Verongia spengetii (marine sponge); structure	3.16	1	0
tsitsikammamine a tsitsikammamine A: from sponge Latrunculid; structure in first source	4.25	5	0
5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioinosine 5'-methylthioinosine: MH METHYLTHIOINOSINE refers to 6-methylthioinosine. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioinosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside consisting of inosine where the 5'-hydroxy group is substituted by a methylsulfanyl group.	2.02	1	0	5'-deoxyribonucleoside; inosines
apogossypolone apogossypolone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	3.18	1	0
undecylprodigiosin prodigiosin 25C: red pigment produced by Streptomyces hiroshimensis; potent immunosuppressive agent with its primary effect on functions of T cells; structure given in first source. undecylprodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by (4'-methoxy-1H,5'H-[2,2'-bipyrrol]-5'-ylidene)methyl and undecyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively. It is a pigment produced by Stveptomyces coelicolor.	3.15	5	0	alkaloid; aromatic ether; tripyrrole	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent
butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine: from actinomycete strain B 4358; structure given in first source	4.07	4	0
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.97	4	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
nucleoside q Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.	4.88	10	0	7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
heme arginate heme arginate: used for treatment of porphyria; induces heme oxygenase	1.99	1	0
sta 9090 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	ring assembly; triazoles
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	3.25	6	0
ed 110 ED 110: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
archaeosine archaeosine: post-transcriptional modification seen in archaeal RNA; structure given in first source. archaeosine : A 7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside having 7-formamidino-7-deazaguanine as the nucleobase. It is found in the majority of archaeal tRNAs specifically at position 15 of the dihydrouridine loop (D-loop), a position not modified in either eukaryotic or bacterial tRNA.	3.61	2	0	7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
clothianidin clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.	2.25	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
prodiginine prodiginine: prodigiosin-like pigments with antimicrobial & antimalarial activity; RN is from 9th CI; cpd not in Chemline 9/10/82	5.3	9	0
metacycloprodigiosin metacycloprodigiosin: a red pigment; produced by microbes including Streptomyces and Serratia	3.27	1	0
marineosin a marineosin A: cytotoxic spiroaminal from a marine-derived actinomycete; structure in first source. marineosin A : A macrocycle isolated from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. It exhibits cytotoxicity against colon tumour cell lines.	4.57	7	0	azaspiro compound; ether; macrocycle; oxaspiro compound; pyrroles	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
marineosin b marineosin B: cytotoxic spiroaminal from a marine-derived actinomycete; structure in first source. marineosin B : A macrocycle isolated from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. A stereoisomer of marineosin A, it exhibits cytotoxicity against colon tumour cell lines.	3.16	5	0	azaspiro compound; ether; macrocycle; oxaspiro compound; pyrroles	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
9-((2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)oxymethyl)guanine p-oxide 9-((2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)oxymethyl)guanine P-oxide: has anti-DNA-viral activity; acyclonucleotide analog of cGMP; structure given in first source; RN given refers to monosodium salt	2.38	2	0
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.06	1	0
cycloprodigiosin cycloprodigiosin: structure in first source	4.46	22	0
pyrroloazepinone pyrroloazepinone: structure in first source	3.35	6	0
butylcycloheptylprodigiosin butylcycloheptylprodigiosin: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
solochrome cyanine r solochrome cyanine R: structure	2.05	1	0
cephalostatin i cephalostatin I: two steroid units are annulated to a 1,4-pyrazine ring; RN given for (3'R-(3'alpha(R),4'alpha,4'abeta,6'balpha,8'abeta,11'aalpha,11'bbeta,13'alpha,13'aalpha,13'bbeta,14'beta,15'alpha(3R,5''S),16'abeta,17'balpha,19'abeta,22'aalpha,22'bbeta,24'aR'*))-isomer; structure in first source	3.18	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	10.01	16	9
eye [no description available]	6.84	12	1
colibactin colibactin: a hybrid peptide-polyketide secreted by E coli. colibactin : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles that comprises of two units of 2-[(2-{6-[(2S)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}acetamido)methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid linked together via the formal condensation of the carboxy groups. It is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut such as Escherichia coli. It has the ability to bind covalently to DNA and is strongly associated with colorectal cancer.	3.27	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; azaspiro compound; polyketide; pyrroline; secondary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin
chromomycin a3 Chromomycin A3: Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent.	1.95	1	0
curvulamine curvulamine: antibacterial from a Curvularia species; structure in first source	2.59	2	0
versipelostatin versipelostatin: inhibits the unfolded protein response; possible antineoplastic agent	3.12	1	0
amycolamicin amycolamicin: isolated from Amycolatopsis; structure in first source	4.47	6	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.91	3	0
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	2.01	1	0
angucyclinone angucyclinone: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
tilimycin tilimycin: a pyrrolobenzodiazepine toxin produced by Klebsiella oxytoca which induces apoptosis in epithelial cells and contributes to the development of colitis. tilimycin : A pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 5 and by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 11. It is an enterotoxic natural product synthesized via a non-ribosomal peptide synthase in Klebsiella oxytoca.	4.31	4	0	phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin
at 7867 AT 7867: inhibits Akt and p70 S6 kinase; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	3.96	13	0
chlorotoxin [no description available]	2.11	1	0
cep-11004 CEP-11004: inhibitors of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway	2.02	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.73	3	0
antimony sodium gluconate Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.	1.97	1	0
emestrin emestrin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1R-(1R,2R,6aS,20S,21R,22bS))-isomer; isolated from Emericella species	2.11	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.39	2	0
aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine [no description available]	2.17	1	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	2.44	2	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.88	4	0
4-hydroxyatorvastatin 4-hydroxyatorvastatin: an atorvastatin metabolite	7.59	7	5
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	2.05	1	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	7.13	19	5
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	11.14	149	2
res 701-1 RES 701-1: a cyclic polypeptide consisting of 16 amino acids; isolated from Streptomyces sp RE-701; amino acid sequence given in first source; an ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist	2.06	1	0
hormaomycin hormaomycin: antibacterial and antimalarial peptide from Streptomyces griseoflavus; structure in first source	2.5	2	0
xanthobilirubic acid xanthobilirubic acid: has chromophore very similar to that of bilirubin; structure	2.71	3	0
sc-2001 SC-2001: obatoclax derivative; structure in first source	3.48	7	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	4.79	10	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	24.14	275	36
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	19.14	275	36
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	21.74	282	134
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	11.73	34	7
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	21.23	330	166
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	21.23	330	166
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	21.74	282	134
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	11.73	34	7
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	15.12	84	10
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	4.51	8	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	19.43	155	68
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	15.12	84	10
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	0	4.51	8	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	4.8	26	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	7.12	18	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	7.12	18	1
ADPKD [description not available]	0	3.53	7	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	0	3.53	7	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	11.84	116	10
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	17.12	110	20
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	17.12	110	20
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	6.84	5	2
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	6.84	5	2
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	0	3.71	3	0
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.	0	6.18	24	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	26.38	1,063	117
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	26.38	1,063	117
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	10.78	33	7
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	10.78	33	7
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	11.27	73	2
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	8.12	35	2
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	12.02	152	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	18.08	854	6
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	17.02	152	2
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	11.18	115	2
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	11.18	115	2
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	10.54	200	4
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	0	2.41	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	8.85	14	2
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	8.85	14	2
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	10.8	17	6
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	10.8	17	6
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	11.62	34	8
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	12.89	57	8
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	12.89	57	8
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	11.62	34	8
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	20.75	129	53
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	20.75	129	53
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	4.64	5	1
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	0	3.65	3	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	30.87	1,871	765
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	30.87	1,871	765
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	28.5	1,869	413
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	28.4	1,836	407
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	28.5	1,869	413
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	28.4	1,836	407
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	12.25	61	6
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.83	3	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	3.83	3	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	0	8.08	11	2
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	0	8.08	11	2
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	10.74	25	5
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	10.74	25	5
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	9.62	45	4
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	8.88	36	4
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	8.88	36	4
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	14.92	50	35
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	23.52	582	93
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	23.52	582	93
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	0	14.92	50	35
Adenomatous Polyps Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.57	2	0
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	0	2.41	1	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	3.55	2	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	13.9	79	17
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	13.9	79	17
Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis A form of systemic mastocytosis in which patients have impaired organ functions due to multifocal infiltrates of pathological MAST CELLS in bone marrow, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, or skeletal system. The cytomorphology shows a low to high grade.	0	13.05	25	6
Mastocytosis, Systemic A group of disorders caused by the abnormal proliferation of MAST CELLS in a variety of extracutaneous tissues including bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. Systemic mastocytosis is commonly seen in adults. These diseases are categorized on the basis of clinical features, pathologic findings, and prognosis.	0	13.05	25	6
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	9.39	36	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	9.39	36	1
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	14.07	52	7
Fibrous Histiocytoma of Tendon Sheath [description not available]	0	12.95	32	2
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath A tumor arising in the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath. It is characterized by OSTEOCLAST-like GIANT CELLS; FOAM CELLS; pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-laden MACROPHAGES and inflammatory infiltrate. It is classified either as diffuse or localized tenosynovitis.	0	12.95	32	2
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.	0	6.14	10	1
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	5.37	4	0
Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular Diffuse outgrowth arising from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath around the joint cavity, with extension to surrounding soft tissue. It is characterized by pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-containing MACROPHAGES; FOAM CELLS; and multinucleated GIANT CELLS. It usually occurs in the hands and feet, and around large joints, such as in the ankle and knee joints.	0	5.37	4	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	6.61	47	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	11.27	39	5
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	11.27	39	5
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.04	3	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	3.04	3	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	14.12	110	16
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	12.11	39	9
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	10.86	75	13
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	12.11	39	9
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	11.91	24	9
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	0	4.84	12	0
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	0	4.84	12	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	24.03	516	240
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	15.36	52	28
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	3.22	5	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	15.36	52	28
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	22.81	306	142
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	22.81	306	142
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	2.89	4	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	0	2.53	2	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	6.06	26	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	10.69	50	3
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	0	2.76	2	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	10.69	50	3
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	6.06	26	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	8.22	33	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	15.49	101	18
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	21.78	378	119
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	21.78	378	119
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	11.85	52	10
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	0	3.71	9	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	11.85	52	10
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	15.36	89	4
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	15.36	89	4
Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available]	0	10.45	22	6
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	7.92	16	3
Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.	0	10.45	22	6
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	7.92	16	3
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	0	7.27	16	1
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	2.31	1	0
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.	0	2.31	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	13.34	50	3
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	13.68	39	10
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	13.68	39	10
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	0	9.5	42	2
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	0	15.23	79	5
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	0	9.5	42	2
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	0	15.23	79	5
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	11.65	28	3
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	0	11.28	26	3
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	0	11.28	26	3
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	0	11.65	28	3
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	3.27	4	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	5.28	19	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	3.27	4	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	5.28	19	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	6.41	15	1
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	6.41	15	1
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	17.83	142	36
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	17.83	142	36
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	16.2	423	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	16.2	423	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	0	2.9	3	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	13.63	27	12
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	11.08	36	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	8	17	1
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	13.63	27	12
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	11.08	36	1
Capsule Opacification Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction.	0	2.72	2	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	9.95	72	2
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	19.56	152	101
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	9.95	72	2
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	19.56	152	101
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	20.28	212	81
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	20.28	212	81
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	6.89	6	4
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	0	6.89	6	4
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	14.08	50	19
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	12.21	38	9
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	15.31	77	30
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	12.21	38	9
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	15.31	77	30
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	13.68	68	22
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	7.67	21	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	10.28	109	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	13.94	102	6
Metastase [description not available]	0	24.52	671	156
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	8.52	12	4
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	16.73	117	28
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	13.94	102	6
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	24.52	671	156
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	8.52	12	4
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	0	7.5	9	2
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	0	7.59	10	2
Neoplasms, Skull Base [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	0	7.5	9	2
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	0	7.59	10	2
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	0	9.84	24	8
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	0	9.84	24	8
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	9.18	23	3
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	13.55	60	10
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	13.55	60	10
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	9.18	23	3
Shingles [description not available]	0	21.4	456	32
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	0	17.58	68	23
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	21.4	456	32
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	0	17.58	68	23
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	4.67	26	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	4.67	26	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	5.45	7	2
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	15.82	92	17
Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic [description not available]	0	4.08	4	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	5.45	7	2
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	15.82	92	17
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.	0	4.08	4	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	5.7	18	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	0	5.7	18	0
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	0	4.75	3	2
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.75	3	2
Itching [description not available]	0	8.16	18	6
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	8.16	18	6
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	13.17	41	10
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	0	10.36	15	5
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	13.17	41	10
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	14.18	59	20
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	0	6.07	3	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	14.18	59	20
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	6.89	13	1
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	10.28	14	6
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	10.28	14	6
Granulomatosis, Lipid [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Erdheim-Chester Disease A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.	0	2.41	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	18.78	284	15
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	8.54	31	3
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	18.78	284	15
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	8.54	31	3
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	18.99	138	48
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	18.99	138	48
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	16.55	119	34
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	16.55	119	34
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	16.73	280	21
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	5.57	26	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	11.02	34	10
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	10.65	63	2
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	5.57	26	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	11.02	34	10
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	20.05	370	16
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	20.38	239	55
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	20.38	239	55
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	0	7.55	7	3
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	7.55	7	3
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [description not available]	0	7.38	13	2
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3.67	8	0
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.	0	7.38	13	2
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	21.91	389	178
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	21.91	389	178
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Gastrin-Producing Tumor [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	6.33	12	1
Gastrinoma A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).	0	2.41	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	13.26	61	23
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	13.26	61	23
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	0	6.6	7	3
Ache [description not available]	0	19.43	178	68
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	6.6	7	3
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	19.43	178	68
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	0	8.12	7	3
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	2.46	2	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	4.72	10	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	4.72	10	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	8.22	97	0
Neglected Diseases Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).	0	2.54	2	0
Actinomycetoma [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Mycetoma A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.	0	2.72	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	21.12	372	87
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	26.12	372	87
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	14.43	110	18
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	12.12	64	4
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	14.43	110	18
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	12.12	64	4
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	11.39	36	6
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	11.39	36	6
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	12.81	40	14
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	13.53	28	7
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	12.81	40	14
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	0	9.88	12	4
Benign Mastocytoma [description not available]	0	4.2	3	1
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	0	9.93	31	1
B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	6.12	6	2
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	9.93	31	1
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	8.1	16	1
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	8.1	16	1
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	11.3	19	14
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	11.3	19	14
MODS [description not available]	0	4.97	8	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	4.97	8	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	0	7.12	17	1
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	0	7.12	17	1
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	0	7.57	5	4
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	0	7.57	5	4
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	0	3.19	5	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	0	6.36	7	2
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	11.18	58	6
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	16.24	80	22
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	16.24	80	22
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	16.39	127	23
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	21.17	410	36
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	16.39	127	23
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	21.17	410	36
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	5.94	2	1
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	0	5.94	2	1
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	12.59	19	12
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	12.59	19	12
Lassitude [description not available]	0	18.62	102	72
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	18.62	102	72
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	3.18	4	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	3.18	4	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	0	3.53	7	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	0	3.53	7	0
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.5	2	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	12.23	85	13
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	0	2.52	2	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	12.23	85	13
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	0	24.15	475	129
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	0	24.15	475	129
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	19.13	161	84
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	11.25	42	1
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	11.25	42	1
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	9.76	45	35
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	9.76	45	35
Pyrosis [description not available]	0	9.28	7	4
Heartburn Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.	0	9.28	7	4
Rhabdoid Tumor A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)	0	3.02	4	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	0	2.73	3	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Amentia [description not available]	0	4.57	5	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	0	2.41	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	0	4.57	5	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	0	4.29	3	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	13.86	91	11
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	13.86	91	11
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.7	3	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	19.72	127	88
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	19.72	127	88
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	13.32	54	2
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	0	6.1	20	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	13.32	54	2
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	0	4.36	4	1
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	2.41	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	8.12	16	2
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	8.12	16	2
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	0	3.31	2	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	3.18	5	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	1	5.18	5	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	0	2.41	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	13.57	62	27
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	4.68	10	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	4.68	10	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	11.67	15	7
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	11.67	15	7
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	18.81	160	65
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	0	3.57	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	2.8	3	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	0	3.57	2	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	0	3.95	2	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	15.52	130	13
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	0	3.95	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	15.52	130	13
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	4.62	10	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	4.62	10	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	6.14	29	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	6.14	29	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	15.14	55	32
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	13.17	30	18
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	14.85	41	27
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	15.14	55	32
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	8.69	12	4
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	0	11.49	26	13
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	8.69	12	4
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	0	11.49	26	13
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	9.28	8	5
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	9.28	8	5
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	0	5.07	3	1
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	0	5.07	3	1
Mast Cell Activation Disease [description not available]	0	6.14	10	1
Mastocytosis A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).	0	6.14	10	1
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	15.24	45	31
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	15.24	45	31
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	5.46	23	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	4.28	4	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	5.46	23	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	7.14	7	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	7.14	7	1
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	3.67	3	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	0	7.57	11	3
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	0	6.45	4	2
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	0	6.45	4	2
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	10.65	26	10
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	25.07	561	262
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	10.65	26	10
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	0	3.73	3	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	0	3.73	3	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	13.38	72	14
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	13.38	72	14
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	4.1	14	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	13.09	57	11
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	13.09	57	11
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	0	16.64	406	1
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	13.73	26	1
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	13.73	26	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	17.26	52	20
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	0	3.97	14	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	11.88	26	11
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	11.88	26	11
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	16.99	69	36
Myeloproliferative-Myelodisplastic Diseases [description not available]	0	4.72	1	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	16.99	69	36
Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases Clonal myeloid disorders that possess both dysplastic and proliferative features but are not properly classified as either MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES or MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.	0	4.72	1	1
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	12.95	49	15
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	12.95	49	15
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	5.69	10	2
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	5.69	10	2
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	2.89	3	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	0	2.93	3	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	2.89	3	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	0	2.93	3	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	23.86	491	286
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	23.86	491	286
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	14.18	38	14
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	14.18	38	14
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	0	9.54	24	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	0	4.1	4	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	0	4.1	4	0
Hyperthermia An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.	0	3.11	3	0
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	0	11.6	42	1
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	11.6	42	1
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	0	3.61	8	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	3.52	4	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	5.98	16	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	5.98	16	0
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	2.57	2	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	9.61	12	4
Jock Itch [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Tinea cruris Fungal infection of the groin. The main causative fungus is TRICHOPHYTON.	0	2.6	1	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	9.61	12	4
Histiocytosis General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT.	0	2.72	2	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	25.09	779	372
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	25.09	779	372
Cyst [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	0	3.7	3	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	0	3.7	3	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	12.41	26	6
Arthritis, Spinal [description not available]	0	7.27	5	1
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	6.48	9	2
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	6.48	9	2
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	4.79	6	1
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	4.79	6	1
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	19.88	148	44
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	23.69	480	253
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	23.69	480	253
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	2.46	2	0
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	2.57	2	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	13.2	42	15
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	2.6	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	13.2	42	15
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	12.17	45	9
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	12.17	45	9
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	11.28	41	6
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	11.34	30	12
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	0	6.62	3	2
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	8.58	10	4
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	4.91	1	1
DDPAC [description not available]	0	4.91	1	1
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	6.61	9	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	17.05	126	25
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	5.97	9	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	12.47	39	10
African Lymphoma [description not available]	0	5.8	4	1
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	0	8.03	4	4
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	0	4.96	2	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	10.75	25	4
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.33	2	1
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	5.78	7	1
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	0	9.26	15	5
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	0	4.91	1	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	12.39	35	3
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	8.56	13	2
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	12.47	49	1
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	0	4.91	1	1
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	5.09	3	1
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	7.25	8	2
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	0	7.12	16	2
Hoarseness An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.	0	4.91	1	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	0	4.79	2	1
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced [description not available]	0	4.91	1	1
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	5.3	4	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	17.05	126	25
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	6.58	17	1
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	0	5.97	9	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	12.47	39	10
Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).	0	4.91	1	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	7.51	11	2
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	0	5.8	4	1
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	0	4.96	2	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	10.75	25	4
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	5.16	3	1
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	5.33	2	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	5.78	7	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	0	9.26	15	5
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	12.39	35	3
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	8.56	13	2
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	12.47	49	1
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	4.91	1	1
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	5.09	3	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	11.34	30	12
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	0	6.62	3	2
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	0	7.12	16	2
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	8.58	10	4
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	4.91	1	1
Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).	0	4.91	1	1
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	0	5.15	3	1
Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.	0	4.91	1	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	6.61	9	1
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	0	4.78	3	2
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	5.3	4	1
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.78	3	2
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	5.3	4	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	20.05	249	86
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	0	12.41	45	18
Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.	0	2.52	2	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	0	12.41	45	18
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	20.05	249	86
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	0	5.08	3	1
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	0	5.08	3	1
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	0	3.31	6	0
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (CORONAVIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.	0	3.99	1	1
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	0	12.38	56	2
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	0	12.38	56	2
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	3.46	7	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	3.46	7	0
Acute Symptom Flare [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	14.08	64	13
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	0	6.59	6	1
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	8.38	16	2
Emesis [description not available]	0	8.59	13	3
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	6.59	6	1
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	0	7.46	9	2
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	8.38	16	2
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	8.59	13	3
Hyperphosphatemia A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.	0	4.51	1	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	14.08	64	13
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	0	6.15	6	2
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	13.17	55	9
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	13.17	55	9
Bechterew Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.02	4	0
Spondylarthropathies Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.	0	4.02	4	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	0	3.61	8	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	0	2.21	1	0
Urethral Obstruction Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.	0	2.42	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	14.49	73	13
Grippe [description not available]	0	12.39	19	12
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	12.39	19	12
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	12.11	71	5
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	0	12.11	71	5
Lymphangiomyomatosis [description not available]	0	3.45	2	0
SAPHO Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis A disease characterized by the progressive invasion of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS into the LYMPHATIC VESSELS, and the BLOOD VESSELS. The majority of the cases occur in the LUNGS of women of child-bearing age, eventually blocking the flow of air, blood, and lymph. The common symptom is shortness of breath (DYSPNEA).	0	3.45	2	0
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome Syndrome consisting of SYNOVITIS; ACNE CONGLOBATA; PALMOPLANTAR PUSTULOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; and OSTEITIS. The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome.	0	2.9	3	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	11.91	30	10
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	11.91	30	10
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	0	5.05	3	1
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.05	3	1
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	2.21	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	5.13	10	1
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	3	4	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	5.13	10	1
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	0	4.3	3	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	12.9	51	4
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	12.9	51	4
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	10.71	28	5
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	10.71	28	5
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	0	4.6	5	1
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	0	2.81	3	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	0	3.6	8	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	0	3.6	8	0
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	0	2.49	2	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	6.16	7	1
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	6.16	7	1
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.	0	2.25	1	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	3.29	6	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	0	3.29	6	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	7	33	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	0	3.05	4	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	0	6.21	11	1
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	0	6.21	11	1
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	0	5.62	27	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	19.73	145	45
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	19.73	145	45
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	7.65	13	2
Bleeding [description not available]	0	10.24	21	2
Esophageal Hernia [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperkyphosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	7.65	13	2
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	10.24	21	2
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	7.23	15	7
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	7.23	15	7
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	2.79	3	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	9.93	49	6
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	9.93	49	6
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	0	2.21	1	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	0	2.47	2	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	2.21	1	0
Myositis, Multiple [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	0	5.34	12	1
Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)	0	2.79	3	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	0	5.34	12	1
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	0	5.61	10	0
Aortitis Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.	0	2.66	2	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.43	7	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	3.96	13	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	3.96	13	0
Light Sensitivity [description not available]	0	4.51	1	1
Auditory Hyperesthesia [description not available]	0	4.51	1	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	4.35	4	1
Leiomyomatosis The state of having multiple leiomyomas throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.7	3	0
Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	4.35	4	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	3	4	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	5.86	12	2
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	5.86	12	2
Acne [description not available]	0	3.89	2	1
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	4.21	3	1
Sycosis [description not available]	0	4.04	2	1
Nasopharyngitis Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.	0	4.92	2	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	3.89	2	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	4.21	3	1
Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.	0	4.04	2	1
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.11	6	1
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	0	6.11	6	1
Joint Pain [description not available]	0	8.07	10	6
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	0	8.07	10	6
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.7	30	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	3.13	5	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	3.13	5	0
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	5.75	20	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	4.59	9	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	5.75	20	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	0	4.59	9	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	7.72	19	2
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	7.72	19	2
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	16.15	90	42
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	16.15	90	42
Aldosteronism [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	0	2.25	1	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	0	2.97	4	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	7.53	21	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	0	3.79	10	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	0	3.79	10	0
Anal Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.	0	2.8	3	0
Gouty Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.	0	2.54	2	0
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	0	3.03	4	0
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.	0	3.03	4	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	15.49	59	12
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	15.49	59	12
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	4.5	8	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	0	9.97	12	6
Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.	0	8.73	8	6
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	5.73	33	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	5.73	33	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	2.25	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	0	3.47	7	0
Adult-Onset Still Disease [description not available]	0	2.94	3	0
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent.	0	2.94	3	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	3.73	9	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	3.73	9	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	0	3.47	2	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	0	2.52	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	0	3.47	2	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	7.18	8	3
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	7.18	8	3
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	6.87	11	1
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome A syndrome of ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE combined with excessive upright TACHYCARDIA, and usually without associated ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. All variants have in common an excessively reduced venous return to the heart (central HYPOVOLEMIA) while upright.	0	2.25	1	0
Pouch Ileitis [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Pouchitis Acute INFLAMMATION in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA of the continent ileal reservoir (or pouch) in patients who have undergone ILEOSTOMY and restorative proctocolectomy (PROCTOCOLECTOMY, RESTORATIVE).	0	2.63	2	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	4.66	10	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	4.66	10	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.26	7	2
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	2.61	2	0
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).	0	2.31	1	0
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	0	3.98	2	1
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	9.77	29	3
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	9.77	29	3
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	12.13	21	21
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	12.13	21	21
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	17.86	114	45
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	17.86	114	45
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	3.5	6	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	0	7.04	6	2
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	3.62	7	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	3.5	6	0
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	0	7.04	6	2
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	0	3.68	3	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	15.04	77	34
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	15.04	77	34
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.	0	2.25	1	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	0	5.07	9	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	13.01	41	9
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	9.31	29	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	4.2	16	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	10.72	33	3
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	0	10.72	33	3
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	0	2.76	3	0
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	0	2.25	1	0
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	0	4.72	3	2
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	0	4.72	3	2
Diathesis [description not available]	0	5.12	10	1
Rheumatism [description not available]	0	11.38	29	7
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	0	11.38	29	7
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	6.62	14	4
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	6.62	14	4
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	0	3.17	5	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	8.01	13	3
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	6.93	10	1
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	6.93	10	1
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	5.47	22	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	22.29	357	195
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	22.29	357	195
Acne Inversa [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Keratoacanthoma A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.	0	3.17	1	0
Hidradenitis Suppurativa A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.	0	3.17	1	0
Analgesic Overuse Headache [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	8.81	38	2
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	0	2.87	3	0
Acute Porphyria [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.	0	3.45	8	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	0	2.25	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	0	2.25	1	0
Prurigo A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	4.28	6	0
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.	0	4.28	6	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	8.35	10	3
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	4.65	26	0
Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Syndrome, VKH (Vogt Koyanagi Harada) [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome A syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous UVEITIS with IRITIS and secondary GLAUCOMA, premature ALOPECIA, symmetrical VITILIGO, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented hair), HEARING DISORDERS, and meningeal signs (neck stiffness and headache). Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid reveals a pattern consistent with MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p748; Surv Ophthalmol 1995 Jan;39(4):265-292)	0	2.66	2	0
Episcleritis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Scleritis Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.	0	2.25	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	3.37	6	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	7.39	16	3
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	7.39	16	3
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	3.66	3	0
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.84	3	0
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Psychoses [description not available]	0	3.99	14	0
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	3.99	14	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	0	2.79	3	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.62	12	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	0	5.62	12	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	0	2.45	2	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	0	9.78	10	5
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	0	5.78	7	1
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	0	5.78	7	1
Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Castleman Disease Large benign, hyperplastic lymph nodes. The more common hyaline vascular subtype is characterized by small hyaline vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferations. Plasma cells are often present and represent another subtype with the plasma cells containing IgM and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.	0	2.25	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	10.2	18	12
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	10.2	18	12
Livedo Reticularis A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.	0	2.25	1	0
Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.	0	2.49	2	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	4.71	6	1
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	9.38	16	3
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	0	19.47	140	43
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	4.24	17	0
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.	0	2.25	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.86	3	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.86	3	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	3.46	7	0
Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available]	0	4.96	4	2
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	4.96	9	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	4.96	9	0
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	0	2.55	2	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	3.96	13	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	0	3.96	13	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	0	4.6	9	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	0	4.6	9	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	3.6	9	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.6	9	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	3.9	12	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	3.96	13	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	8.1	26	4
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	3.96	13	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	8.1	26	4
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	3.11	4	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	3.85	11	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	3.85	11	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	0	2.31	1	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	4.88	13	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	4.88	13	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.87	3	0
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	0	2.82	3	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	0	2.82	3	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	0	3.9	11	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	3.35	6	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.83	3	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	0	3.35	6	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	3.46	2	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	3.46	2	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	4.29	7	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	0	3.03	4	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	0	3.03	4	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	4.73	31	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	4.73	31	0
Alexander Disease Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.	0	2.31	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	0	2.81	3	0
Disseminated Fusariosis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Fusariosis OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.	0	2.31	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	8.03	28	1
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	8.03	28	1
Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids.	0	2.31	1	0
Acne Rosacea [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).	0	2.53	2	0
Congenital Epulides [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	5.53	16	1
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	0	7.96	20	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	9.97	28	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	9.97	28	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Porphyria [description not available]	0	12.82	83	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	0	7.82	83	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	4.73	11	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	4.73	11	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	0	5.64	9	2
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	0	5.64	9	2
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	6.94	25	1
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	6.94	25	1
Latent Tuberculosis The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.	0	3.48	2	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	10.51	17	5
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	10.51	17	5
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	2.39	2	0
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	0	2.31	1	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	2.59	2	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	5.91	39	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	5.91	39	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	0	3.9	2	1
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	0	3.9	2	1
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	4.3	4	1
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	3.17	5	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	0	2.25	1	0
Malignant Neurilemmoma [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	14.71	42	17
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	0	14.71	42	17
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	11.84	30	11
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	11.84	30	11
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	5.15	6	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	5.15	6	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	6.37	14	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	6.37	14	0
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	0	3.48	2	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	0	3.48	2	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	6.54	9	2
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	6.54	9	2
Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.	0	2.31	1	0
Trichiasis A disease of the eye in which the eyelashes abnormally turn inwards toward the eyeball producing constant irritation caused by motion of the lids.	0	2.31	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	6.66	20	1
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	3.64	3	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	3.64	3	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	2.39	2	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	0	8.73	15	3
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	0	8.73	15	3
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	0	6.96	5	2
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	0	6.96	5	2
Cytomegaloviral Retinitis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness.	0	2.15	1	0
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	7.07	12	1
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	7.07	12	1
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult.	0	2.15	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	0	5.3	6	2
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	0	5.98	14	2
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	0	5.98	14	2
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	0	2.5	2	0
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Aneurysm, Coronary [description not available]	0	4.11	5	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	8.49	21	1
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	8.49	21	1
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.53	2	0
Chordoma A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.15	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	8.24	148	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	0	5.53	8	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	0	8.93	18	1
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	0	8.93	18	1
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.34	2	2
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	0	4.34	2	2
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	0	3.38	2	0
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	0	3.53	1	1
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.87	14	5
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)	0	2.15	1	0
Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)	0	2.15	1	0
Oncogene Addiction The dependence of tumor cells on a single oncogenic pathway or protein for their continued proliferation and survival.	0	3.06	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	0	14.71	51	19
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	0	14.71	51	19
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.11	5	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	0	5.08	9	1
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	6.81	45	0
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	0	6.47	10	1
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	0	6.47	10	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	5.22	10	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	5.22	10	0
Pyoderma Gangrenosum An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.	0	5.55	9	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	13.46	64	8
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	6.87	44	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	13.46	64	8
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	0	2.53	2	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.17	1	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	0	2.15	1	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.42	2	0
Angiofibroma A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.15	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	0	4.83	7	1
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	0	4.83	7	1
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	4.95	4	2
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	0	4.95	4	2
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	3.43	7	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	0	4.11	15	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	3.09	1	0
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	0	4.88	12	0
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	0	4.88	12	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	3.44	2	0
Infection [description not available]	0	23.32	702	3
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	3.44	2	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	23.32	702	3
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	0	5.06	9	1
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	4.69	6	1
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	0	6.57	9	2
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	0	5.38	21	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	0	5.38	21	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	0	5.62	9	2
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	4.9	7	1
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	0	4.9	7	1
Cancer of Jejunum [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	8.35	11	4
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	8.35	11	4
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	0	3.43	2	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	0	3.43	2	0
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	0	6.9	8	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	0	6.9	8	0
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis A condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, the submucosa and/or subserosa of the INTESTINE. The majority of the cysts are found in the JEJUNUM and the ILEUM.	0	4.25	6	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	6.91	13	2
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	6.91	13	2
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available]	0	3.49	7	0
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.	0	2.17	1	0
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)	0	2.53	2	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	4.8	2	1
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	11.14	29	6
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	2.46	2	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	15.56	64	28
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	5.98	10	1
Drug Refractory Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Aura [description not available]	0	6.08	18	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	0	3.48	7	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	6.08	18	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	0	3.48	7	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	12.41	26	12
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	12.41	26	12
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	3.81	11	0
Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.	0	2.55	2	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	2.95	4	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	0	11.81	16	8
Krukenberg Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	0	6.43	11	4
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	0	6.43	11	4
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	0	3.49	7	0
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	0	2.53	2	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
TDP-43 Proteinopathies Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.	0	2.52	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available]	0	4.4	4	1
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	3.34	6	0
Angiomatosis Retinae [description not available]	0	10.32	19	4
von Hippel-Lindau Disease An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions.	0	10.32	19	4
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	14.59	35	17
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.71	10	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	2.75	3	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphangioendothelioma, Malignant [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	0	2.17	1	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Microbial Superinvasion [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	0	5.48	5	1
Chicken Pox [description not available]	0	4.26	4	1
Chickenpox A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.26	4	1
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	0	2.17	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	0	3.86	2	1
Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.	0	6.89	5	1
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Polychondritis, Relapsing An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.	0	2.21	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	4.82	4	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	4.82	4	0
Sleepiness Compelling urge to sleep.	0	5.44	2	2
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	5.93	4	2
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	5.93	4	2
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	6.39	15	1
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema [description not available]	0	12.56	36	13
Hand-Foot Syndrome Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.	0	12.56	36	13
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	0	5.68	2	1
Fundus Flavimaculatus [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Stargardt Disease A juvenile-onset macular dystrophy characterized by progressive loss of VISUAL ACUITY with normal acuity in peripheral VISUAL FIELDS. Other associated clinical features may include LIPOFUSCIN fundus autofluorescence, atrophy of the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, loss of color vision, PHOTOPHOBIA and PARACENTRAL SCOTOMA. Germline mutations in the ABCA4 gene have been identified in recessive and dominant diseases.	0	2.54	2	0
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	0	2.8	3	0
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Halo Nevi [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)	0	8.78	11	3
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	13.92	80	18
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	0	3.78	2	1
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	4.73	3	2
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	11.72	24	9
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	11.72	24	9
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	0	3.47	7	0
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	3.47	7	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	0	4.14	3	1
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.	0	3.2	5	0
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Ph 1 Chromosome [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	0	2.17	1	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	0	2.17	1	0
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	0	3.74	3	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	0	3.74	3	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	16.22	76	49
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	16.22	76	49
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Humeral Fractures Fractures of the HUMERUS.	0	2.17	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	2.17	1	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	0	2.59	2	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	3.76	10	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	0	2.57	2	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	6.38	5	3
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	6.38	5	3
Disseminated Fungal Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	0	3.65	3	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	0	2.21	1	0
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	0	8.09	9	4
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	0	8.09	9	4
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	0	2.98	4	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	7.55	11	1
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	7.55	11	1
Enthesopathy A disorder occurring at the site of insertion of TENDONS or LIGAMENTS into bones or JOINT CAPSULES.	0	2.21	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	7.47	15	2
Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.	0	2.21	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	7.47	15	2
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	4.38	4	0
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.	0	2.9	3	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	7.47	12	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	7.47	12	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	2.17	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	4.36	4	1
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	4.36	4	1
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	0	6.14	4	1
Duncan Disease [description not available]	0	3.47	2	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	0	6.14	4	1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	0	3.47	2	0
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available]	0	3.46	2	0
AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)	0	3.46	2	0
Dancing Eyes-Dancing Feet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome A neurological condition that is characterized by uncontrolled rapid irregular movements of the eye (OPSOCLONUS) and the muscle (MYOCLONUS) causing unsteady, trembling gait. It is also known as dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome and is often associated with neoplasms, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders involving the nervous system.	0	2.21	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	3.04	4	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	3.04	4	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	0	2.21	1	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	0	4.4	4	1
Fibromatosis [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	0	2.49	2	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	0	2.73	3	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	0	5.13	3	1
ATLL [description not available]	0	4.69	6	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	0	4.69	6	0
Skin Diseases, Viral Skin diseases caused by viruses.	0	2.21	1	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	4.67	6	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	4.67	6	0
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	0	2.21	1	0
Malassezia furfur Infection [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	0	2.21	1	0
Tinea Versicolor A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare).	0	2.39	2	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	3.44	7	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	2.21	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	0	3.44	7	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Hives [description not available]	0	4.48	5	1
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	0	4.48	5	1
Neoplasms, Sweat Gland [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, T Cell [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell A lymphoid leukemia characterized by a profound LYMPHOCYTOSIS with or without LYMPHADENOPATHY, hepatosplenomegaly, frequently rapid progression, and short survival. It was formerly called T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	0	2.21	1	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	0	2.78	3	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Encephalitis, West Nile Fever [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
P carinii Infection [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	2.21	1	0
West Nile Fever A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)	0	2.21	1	0
Pneumocystis Infections Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.	0	2.48	2	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	0	6.04	10	1
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	2.21	1	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	5.64	3	2
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	2.92	4	0
Adenitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Granuloma Annulare Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.	0	2.25	1	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	0	2.21	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	4.03	5	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	0	2.21	1	0
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available]	0	7.06	6	2
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)	0	7.06	6	2
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.	0	2.21	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	3.93	4	0
Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal.	0	2.21	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	3.93	4	0
Blast Phase [description not available]	0	6.48	5	2
Blast Crisis An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.	0	6.48	5	2
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	0	2.07	1	0
Diarrheogenic Islet Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	0	3.1	5	0
Actinic Keratosis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Keratosis, Actinic White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.	0	2.08	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	3.3	6	0
Delayed Puberty [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Berardinelli Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	3.3	6	0
Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized Congenital disorders, usually autosomal recessive, characterized by severe generalized lack of ADIPOSE TISSUE, extreme INSULIN RESISTANCE, and HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA.	0	2.07	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	14.66	54	23
Granulomas [description not available]	0	3.36	7	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	8.4	16	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	3.36	7	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	7.68	14	1
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	7.68	14	1
Atheroma [description not available]	0	15.42	88	26
Angina Pectoris, Stable [description not available]	0	6.44	8	2
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	15.76	57	39
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	15.76	57	39
Angina, Stable Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.	0	6.44	8	2
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	6.25	18	2
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	0	12.71	38	18
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	0	12.71	38	18
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	3.71	3	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	3.71	3	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	0	5.77	7	3
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.36	7	0
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Piriformis Muscle Syndrome A chronic PELVIC PAIN characterized by pain deep in the buttock that may radiate to posterior aspects of the leg. It is caused by the piriformis muscle compressing or irritating the SCIATIC NERVE due to trauma, hypertrophy, inflammation or anatomic variations.	0	2.08	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	4.69	29	0
Angiosarcoma [description not available]	0	3.58	8	0
Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.58	8	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	6.46	9	2
Bednar Tumor [description not available]	0	4.15	3	0
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction [description not available]	0	3.41	2	0
Dermatofibrosarcoma A sarcoma of the deep layers of the skin. The tumors are locally aggressive tends to recur but rarely metastatic. It can be classified into variants depending on the cell type tumors are derived from or by its characteristics: Pigmented variant from MELANIN-containing DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS; Myxoid variant, myxoid STROMAL CELLS; Giant cell variant characterized by GIANT CELLS in the tumors; and Fibrosarcomatous variant chracterized by tumor areas histologically indistinguishable from FIBROSARCOMA.	0	4.15	3	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	7.57	28	2
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	0	9.71	61	2
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	4.84	7	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	8.93	24	6
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	3.37	2	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	0	12.27	25	16
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	0	8.9	7	4
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	0	8.9	7	4
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	0	7.98	9	6
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	0	7.98	9	6
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	0	5.04	6	0
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	0	9.18	12	6
Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.	0	2.08	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	0	2.9	4	0
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	0	2.5	2	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	0	9.18	12	6
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	7.62	15	4
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	0	2.52	2	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	18.47	124	87
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	0	4.38	4	1
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.72	3	0
Cerebral Malaria [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	0	2.48	2	0
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.69	3	0
Attachment Loss, Periodontal [description not available]	0	5.3	4	1
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	6.19	6	2
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	3.17	5	0
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.	0	2.7	3	0
Patent Foramen Ovale [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Facial Hemiatrophy A syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. The condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes.	0	2.1	1	0
Foramen Ovale, Patent A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.	0	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	6.19	24	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	0	2.08	1	0
Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	2.97	4	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	8.32	14	2
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	8.32	14	2
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.42	7	0
Angiomyxoma [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.	0	2.78	3	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	2.76	3	0
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.1	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available]	0	7.01	9	2
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.	0	7.01	9	2
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	0	4.38	4	1
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.	0	2.49	2	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	10.86	16	12
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	10.86	16	12
Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.48	2	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	0	9.79	10	9
Kawasaki Disease [description not available]	0	3.92	4	0
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.	0	3.92	4	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	0	5.33	12	0
Angina at Rest [description not available]	0	20.38	191	153
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	20.38	191	153
Phantom Limb Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30)	0	3	1	0
Solitary Fibrous Tumors Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites.	0	7.12	7	2
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	2.97	4	0
ARC [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	0	2.08	1	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	0	7.05	18	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	0	2.08	1	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	0	3.48	1	1
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	0	3.87	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	0	3.87	2	0
Muscle Pain [description not available]	0	8.4	10	3
Myalgia Painful sensation in the muscles.	0	8.4	10	3
Birt-Hogg-Dubu00E9 Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome Autosomal dominant neoplastic syndrome characterised by genodermatosis, lung cysts, spontaneous and recurrent PNEUMOTHORAX; and RENAL CANCER. It is associated with mutations in the folliculin protein gene (FLCN protein).	0	2.08	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	10.1	23	2
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	10.1	23	2
C gattii Infection [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.5	2	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Tooth Drift [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3	1	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	8.15	9	4
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	8.15	9	4
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	4.34	4	1
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	4.34	4	1
Dysuria Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT.	0	2.08	1	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	11.17	14	7
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.08	1	0
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3.58	3	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	0	3.3	6	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	3.37	2	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	0	3.3	6	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	3.88	4	0
Embolus [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	0	3.66	3	0
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	8.18	12	2
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	0	2.1	1	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	9.19	9	8
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	8.41	6	6
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	0	10.91	14	12
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	8.41	6	6
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	0	10.91	14	12
Hyperandrogenism A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.	0	9.39	8	6
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	3.41	7	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	3.41	7	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	7.75	12	6
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	0	7.75	12	6
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	12.52	36	23
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	0	12.52	36	23
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	0	3.01	1	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.	0	3.47	1	1
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	0	7.12	10	2
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.12	10	2
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	5.8	2	2
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	0	5.8	2	2
Melanoma, Amelanotic An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	0	8.07	7	3
Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with delayed onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	2.1	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.08	1	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	0	5.72	12	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	0	5.72	12	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	0	5.08	3	1
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	0	5.08	3	1
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	6.1	3	2
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.52	2	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	6.1	3	2
Hypovolemic [description not available]	0	3.87	2	0
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	8.82	15	2
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	0	8.82	15	2
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	0	3.87	2	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	0	3.86	2	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	0	3.86	2	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	0	4.92	4	2
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	0	4.92	4	2
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.52	2	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.55	4	4
Desmoid [description not available]	0	4.78	2	1
Fibromatosis, Aggressive A childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body but do not metastasize. The adult form of abdominal fibromatosis is FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.78	2	1
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	3.87	4	0
Fasciitis, Necrotizing A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common.	0	2.1	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	2.49	2	0
Palsy [description not available]	0	6.75	15	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	6.75	15	0
Neuromuscular Junction Diseases Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions.	0	2.1	1	0
Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.	0	2.1	1	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	10.33	15	14
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	10.33	15	14
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	0	3.01	1	0
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	0	3.33	6	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	17.68	137	75
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	17.68	137	75
Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.	0	2.1	1	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	0	2.38	2	0
Coronary Occlusion Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	3.9	4	0
No-Reflow Phenomenon Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.	0	3.87	2	1
Fibroid [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	2.47	2	0
Allergic Neuritis, Experimental [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	6.81	10	1
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	6.81	10	1
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	3.86	2	1
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.	0	3.86	2	1
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.38	2	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	0	2.47	2	0
Respiratory Tract Fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.	0	2.1	1	0
Esophageal Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.	0	2.1	1	0
Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Axonotmesis [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Occupational Injuries Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.	0	3.01	1	0
Trauma, Nervous System Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.	0	3.01	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	2.75	3	0
Synovioma [description not available]	0	4.05	5	0
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	0	4.05	5	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	2.4	2	0
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid A tumor of medium-to-large veins, composed of plump-to-spindled endothelial cells that bulge into vascular spaces in a tombstone-like fashion. These tumors are thought to have borderline aggression, where one-third develop local recurrences, but only rarely metastasize. It is unclear whether the epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is truly neoplastic or an exuberant tissue reaction, nor is it clear if this is equivalent to Kimura's disease (see ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	2.49	2	0
ADDH [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	0	2.48	2	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	0	2.48	2	0
Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.77	3	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	6.69	20	1
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	6.69	20	1
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	0	3.43	7	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	0	4.8	2	1
Neurilemoma [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	0	2.52	2	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	0	3.58	8	0
Aortic Valve Disease 1 [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	6.06	7	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	0	4.35	4	1
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Congenital heart valve defects where the AORTIC VALVE has two instead of normal three cusps. It is often associated with AORTIC REGURGITATION and AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.51	2	0
Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available]	0	4.12	3	1
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	0	6.63	8	1
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	0	6.63	8	1
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	0	3.86	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar [description not available]	0	4.75	2	1
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.75	2	1
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.	0	2.1	1	0
7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Complete Trisomy 18 Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.	0	2.1	1	0
Thrombotic Microangiopathies Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.	0	2.48	2	0
Diastolic Heart Failure [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Heart Failure, Diastolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial relaxation during DIASTOLE leading to defective cardiac filling.	0	2.47	2	0
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	2.1	1	0
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available]	0	4.75	2	1
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.	0	4.75	2	1
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	0	3.86	2	1
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	0	3.86	2	1
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	0	2.51	2	0
Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.	0	2.1	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	2.94	4	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	0	3.89	4	0
Erythema Migrans, Lingual [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	4.79	5	0
Aphthae [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	0	3.01	1	0
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)	0	3.01	1	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	0	3.89	4	0
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Palatal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.	0	2.1	1	0
Back Ache [description not available]	0	5.43	8	2
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	0	5.43	8	2
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	0	9.1	9	4
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	7.52	4	4
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	0	9.1	9	4
Impotence [description not available]	0	6.1	8	4
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	0	6.1	8	4
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	4.1	5	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	0	4.1	5	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Urinary Incontinence, Stress Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.	0	2.51	2	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	0	2.73	3	0
Pneumoretroperitoneum [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	0	2.68	3	0
Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available]	0	4.4	1	1
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic Symptom complex due to ACTH production by non-pituitary neoplasms.	0	2.11	1	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	0	2.11	1	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	2.1	1	0
Congenital Errors of Steroid Metabolism [description not available]	0	7.52	4	4
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	0	7.27	6	4
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	7.02	6	3
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	0	7.27	6	4
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	0	5.65	3	2
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	7.02	6	3
Micrometastases, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	0	2.48	2	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	5.39	10	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	5.39	10	0
Encephalopathy, Hypertensive [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Cardiac Conduction Defect [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	0	3.48	1	1
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	0	2.49	2	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	3.3	6	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	3.3	6	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	0	3.36	2	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	3.48	1	1
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	6.1	8	4
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	3.48	1	1
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	0	6.1	8	4
Lung Injury, Ventilator-Induced [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome A condition of persistent pain and discomfort in the BACK and the LEG following lumbar surgery, often seen in patients enrolled in pain centers.	0	2.11	1	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Bacteroidaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.	0	2.1	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).	0	2.52	2	0
Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.	0	3.39	2	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.	0	2.1	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	3.87	4	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	0	2.76	3	0
Aural Cholesteatoma [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).	0	2.11	1	0
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Polymyalgia Rheumatica A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.	0	2.1	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	0	5.59	6	1
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	0	5.59	6	1
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	0	3.55	8	0
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	0	4.34	4	1
Bleb [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	0	2.76	3	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.6	6	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	0	3.5	8	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	0	3.88	2	1
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	3.88	2	1
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	9.94	14	5
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	4.89	4	2
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	4.94	4	2
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	4.89	4	2
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	4.94	4	2
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	0	3.39	2	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	2.11	1	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	0	2.46	2	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	0	2.46	2	0
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	0	3.76	10	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	2.39	2	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	0	5.54	6	1
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	7.95	11	3
Dysgeusia A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.	0	3.91	2	1
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.03	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	2.11	1	0
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.	0	2.11	1	0
Erythremia [description not available]	0	4.14	3	1
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	0	4.14	3	1
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	9.74	9	9
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	9.74	9	9
Cardio-Renal Syndrome Condition where a primary dysfunction of either heart or kidney results in failure of the other organ (e.g., HEART FAILURE with worsening RENAL INSUFFICIENCY).	0	2.11	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	3.87	2	0
Sarcoma, Clear Cell A sarcoma of young adults occurring in the lower extremities and acral regions. It is found intimately bound to tendons as a circumscribed but unencapsulated melanin-bearing tumor of neuroectodermal origin. Clear cell sarcoma is associated with a specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation.	0	3.87	2	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	8.93	9	9
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	8.93	9	9
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.	0	2.47	2	0
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Communicable Diseases, Emerging Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.	0	2.11	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	0	3.94	4	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	0	3.94	4	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.	0	2.53	2	0
Black Fever [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	0	2.72	3	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	0	2.11	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.	0	3.03	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	3.34	2	0
Alogia [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.	0	2.49	2	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	2.77	3	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	0	2.49	2	0
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	0	4.14	3	0
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	2.54	2	0
Central Serous Retinopathy [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium.	0	3.5	1	1
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	0	3.79	2	1
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	0	2.11	1	0
Dry Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Geographic Atrophy A form of MACULAR DEGENERATION also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the RETINA called the MACULA LUTEA. It is distinguishable from WET MACULAR DEGENERATION in that the latter involves neovascular exudates.	0	2.11	1	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	2.49	2	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	3.34	6	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	5.19	7	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	5.19	7	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	3.34	6	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	2.49	2	0
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	0	2.11	1	0
Multiple Pulmonary Nodules A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions.	0	2.11	1	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	0	2.13	1	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	0	5.06	6	0
Elephantiasis Neuromatosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Neurofibroma, Plexiform A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestation of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82)	0	2.13	1	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	0	2.11	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.	0	2.11	1	0
Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic A spectrum of disorders characterized by clonal expansions of the peripheral blood LYMPHOCYTE populations known as large granular lymphocytes which contain abundant cytoplasm and azurophilic granules. Subtypes develop from either CD3-negative NATURAL KILLER CELLS or CD3-positive T-CELLS. The clinical course of both subtypes can vary from spontaneous regression to progressive, malignant disease.	0	2.11	1	0
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Rare congenital lymphoid disorder due to mutations in certain Fas-Fas ligand pathway genes. Known causes include mutations in FAS, TNFSF6, NRAS, CASP8, and CASP10 proteins. Clinical features include LYMPHADENOPATHY; SPLENOMEGALY; and AUTOIMMUNITY.	0	2.11	1	0
Lymphatic Abnormalities Congenital or acquired structural abnormalities of the lymphatic system (LYMPHOID TISSUE) including the lymph vessels.	0	3.03	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Cystic Angiomatosis Of Bone, Diffuse [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.62	3	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	0	4.84	7	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	0	4.84	7	0
Nevi, Spindle Cell [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	0	2.11	1	0
Achondroplasia, Severe, With Developmental Delay And Acanthosis Nigricans [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Achondroplasia An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)	0	2.13	1	0
Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.	0	2.13	1	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	0	2.13	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	3.42	7	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	0	5.42	5	1
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	0	5.42	5	1
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	3.03	1	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	0	2.11	1	0
Erythroderma, Sezary [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Sezary Syndrome A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells).	0	2.75	3	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	0	2.13	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	0	7.22	7	2
HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.	0	3.51	1	1
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	0	4.37	4	1
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	0	4.37	4	1
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	0	2.13	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	2.13	1	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	4.52	3	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	0	4.52	3	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	2.95	4	0
Azotaemia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	0	5.08	5	2
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	0	5.08	5	2
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	0	4.43	1	1
Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	3.82	4	0
Aesthesioneuroblastoma [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory A malignant olfactory neuroblastoma arising from the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity and cribriform plate. It is uncommon (3% of nasal tumors) and rarely is associated with the production of excess hormones (e.g., SIADH, Cushing Syndrome). It has a high propensity for multiple local recurrences and bony metastases. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3rd ed, p1245; J Laryngol Otol 1998 Jul;112(7):628-33)	0	2.49	2	0
Esophageal Perforation An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.	0	2.13	1	0
Diverticulitis Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.	0	2.13	1	0
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	0	2.95	4	0
Cancer of the Ureter [description not available]	0	3.43	2	0
Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.	0	3.43	2	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	0	2.49	2	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Deafness, Sudden Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days.	0	2.13	1	0
Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available]	0	3.86	2	1
Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.	0	3.86	2	1
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	3.78	2	1
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	6.27	8	1
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	0	2.96	4	0
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.	0	2.13	1	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	0	2.49	2	0
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available]	0	6.22	4	1
Essential Polyarteritis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Chilblains Recurrent localized itching, swelling and painful erythema on the fingers, toes or ears, produced by exposure to cold.	0	2.15	1	0
Concussive Convulsion [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma [description not available]	0	3.46	7	0
Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part A variety of rare sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which resemble epithelial cells and are enclosed in alveoli walled with connective tissue. It is a rare tumor, usually occurring between 15 and 35 years of age. It appears in the muscles of the extremities in adults and most commonly in the head and neck regions of children. Though slow-growing, it commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, bones, and lymph nodes. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1365)	0	3.46	7	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	0	2.94	4	0
Hemoperitoneum Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE.	0	2.15	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	0	2.89	4	0
Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420)	0	2.13	1	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	0	2.5	2	0
Endocarditis, Loeffler [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs.	0	3.38	2	0
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)	0	3.04	1	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	2.15	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	0	2.15	1	0
Infections, Pasteurellaceae [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.26	12	1
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	5.26	12	1
Adverse Effects, Long Term [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Myofibromatosis A condition characterized by multiple formations of myofibromas (LEIOMYOMA).	0	2.15	1	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	0	4.37	7	0
Bone Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilloses [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.	0	2.15	1	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Angiodysplasia Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal BLOOD VESSELS, often associated with aging. They are isolated, tortuous, thin-walled vessels and sources of bleeding. They occur most often in mucosal capillaries of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT leading to GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE and ANEMIA.	0	2.45	2	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	0	2.04	1	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	0	2.45	2	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	0	9.63	18	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	0	9.48	17	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	0	9.63	18	0
Impotence, Arteriogenic [description not available]	0	3.82	2	1
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	0	2.73	3	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	3.66	3	0
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	0	10.98	32	22
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	0	10.98	32	22
Bites [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	0	2.41	2	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	0	4.12	3	1
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	0	4.12	3	1
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	0	2.38	2	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	0	3.65	3	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	0	7.52	7	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	0	4.34	4	1
Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Proctocolitis Inflammation of the RECTUM and the distal portion of the COLON.	0	2.04	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.	0	2.04	1	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	3.36	2	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	2.04	1	0
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).	0	2.04	1	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	0	2.88	4	0
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	0	2.04	1	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	0	3.82	2	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	0	4.67	6	1
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	0	4.67	6	1
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	0	2.04	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	2.71	3	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	2.45	2	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	0	5.44	5	1
Dental Fistula An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.	0	2.05	1	0
Aplasia Pure Red Cell [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.	0	2.05	1	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.04	1	0
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	0	2.74	3	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	3.53	8	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	3.53	8	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Adenoma, Sweat Gland A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	0	4.35	1	1
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	0	4.35	1	1
Xanthoma [description not available]	0	3.14	5	0
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	0	2.05	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	0	4.72	2	1
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	0	4.72	2	1
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	3.35	7	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	3.35	7	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	2.74	3	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	8.14	11	6
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	8.14	11	6
Acalculous Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES.	0	2.05	1	0
Marasmus [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	0	2.05	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	0	3.35	2	0
Licheniform Eruptions [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	0	2.04	1	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	0	3.31	2	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.57	3	0
Malignant Fibrohistiocytic Tumors [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous The most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma. It is a neoplasm with a fibrohistiocytic appearance found chiefly in later adult life, with peak incidence in the 7th decade.	0	3.85	2	1
Cutis Laxa A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation as well as an abnormality in elastin formation. Cutis laxa is usually a genetic disease, but acquired cases have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	3.89	4	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	0	2.44	2	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	0	3.37	2	0
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)	0	2.05	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	15.62	86	27
Cystadenoma A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.74	3	0
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	0	2.74	3	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	0	2.74	3	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	3.21	6	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior [description not available]	0	3.67	3	0
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Adamantinoma A locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasm of the long bones, probably of epithelial origin and most often involving the TIBIA.	0	2.05	1	0
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	0	2.05	1	0
Adhesive Capsulitis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Bursitis Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.	0	2.05	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	2.89	4	0
Extrasystole, Ventricular [description not available]	0	4.92	4	2
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	10.31	12	11
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	10.31	12	11
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	0	2.73	3	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	3.98	5	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	3.98	5	0
Acrospiroma A rare cutaneous tumor of apocrine or eccrine SWEAT GLAND origin. It is most commonly found on the extremities and is usually benign. It appears as a solitary nodule or cyst and may be solid or produce a watery discharge. It is related to POROMA except in acrospiroma it does not involve the epidermis. There is no indication that heredity or external agents cause these tumors.	0	2.05	1	0
Tumour Lysis Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Tumor Lysis Syndrome A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.	0	2.96	4	0
Capillary Leak Syndrome A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.	0	2.96	1	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	0	4.68	3	2
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Cranial [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE over the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE.	0	2.05	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	0	2.05	1	0
Classic Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
ARSA Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Adult Sandhoff Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Juvenile Sulfatidosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. It is characterized by demyelination associated with large multinucleated globoid cells, predominantly involving the white matter of the central nervous system. The loss of MYELIN disrupts normal conduction of nerve impulses.	0	2.05	1	0
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	0	2.05	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis I Systemic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDURONIDASE) and characterized by progressive physical deterioration with urinary excretion of DERMATAN SULFATE and HEPARAN SULFATE. There are three recognized phenotypes representing a spectrum of clinical severity from severe to mild: Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (formerly mucopolysaccharidosis V). Symptoms may include DWARFISM; hepatosplenomegaly; thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge; corneal clouding; cardiac complications; and noisy breathing.	0	2.05	1	0
Sandhoff Disease An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in neurons and other tissues. It is caused by mutation in the common beta subunit of HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Thus this disease is also known as the O variant since both hexosaminidase A and B are missing. Clinically, it is indistinguishable from TAY-SACHS DISEASE.	0	2.05	1	0
Brain Emboli [description not available]	0	5.59	9	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	0	2.46	2	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	6.86	13	6
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	6.86	13	6
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	3.85	2	1
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	3.43	1	1
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	5.16	11	1
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	5.16	11	1
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	0	2.75	3	0
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.	0	2.05	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	5.14	18	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	5.14	18	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	0	2.05	1	0
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	0	2.05	1	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	4.4	2	2
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	0	5.84	4	2
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	4.76	2	1
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	0	5.84	4	2
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	0	2.05	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	2.91	4	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma 2 [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. Alveolar refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)	0	2.05	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.27	6	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	0	2.75	3	0
Prinzmetal Angina [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.	0	3.44	1	1
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	0	2.05	1	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	0	2.05	1	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	0	2.72	3	0
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	0	2.05	1	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	0	8.93	17	2
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	0	8.93	17	2
Berger Disease [description not available]	0	4.36	4	1
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	0	4.36	4	1
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	0	4.41	2	2
Drusen, Retinal [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	2.46	2	0
Erythermalgia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Erythromelalgia A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.	0	2.05	1	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	0	3.36	2	0
Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	0	3.16	5	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	0	6.65	6	2
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	0	2.76	3	0
Carcinomatous Meningitis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Meningeal Carcinomatosis Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation.	0	2.05	1	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	2.97	1	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	0	2.97	1	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	0	2.06	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	0	2.73	3	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	0	4.53	5	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	0	4.53	5	1
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	2.45	2	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.47	2	0
Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.	0	2.46	2	0
Anti-GBM Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeting the epitopes in the non-collagenous domains of COLLAGEN TYPE IV in the basement membranes of kidney glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) and lung alveoli (PULMONARY ALVEOLI), and the subsequent destruction of these basement membranes. Clinical features include pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis.	0	2.05	1	0
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Thrombocythemia, Essential A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.	0	3.44	1	1
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	0	4.34	4	1
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	2.68	3	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	0	8.78	10	7
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	0	8.78	10	7
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Male Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Male Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.	0	2.05	1	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.	0	2.06	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	2.06	1	0
Atrophy of Gingiva [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)	0	3.44	1	1
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.38	7	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	3.38	7	0
Cerebral Ventriculitis Inflammation of CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.	0	2.05	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Bovine Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	2.46	2	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	0	9.17	11	0
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Cancer of Penis [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Penile Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.	0	3.38	2	0
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.	0	2.05	1	0
Urinary Fistula An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs.	0	2.05	1	0
Choked Disk [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	0	2.47	2	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	2.43	2	0
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	0	2.06	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	0	4.96	15	0
Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)	0	2.06	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	7.18	8	3
Blue Toe Syndrome A condition that is caused by recurring atheroembolism in the lower extremities. It is characterized by cyanotic discoloration of the toes, usually the first, fourth, and fifth toes. Discoloration may extend to the lateral aspect of the foot. Despite the gangrene-like appearance, blue toes may respond to conservative therapy without amputation.	0	2.45	2	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	0	2.06	1	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	0	3.62	3	0
Aberrant Crypt Foci Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.	0	3.45	1	1
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	5.08	10	1
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.44	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Carcinoma, Endometrioid An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.	0	2.06	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	0	2.47	2	0
Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.	0	3.85	2	1
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.	0	2.06	1	0
Aberrant Tissue [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	0	3.66	3	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	0	4.15	3	1
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	0	2.46	2	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	0	2.06	1	0
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.	0	2.46	2	0
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.	0	2.06	1	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	0	4.12	6	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	0	4.12	6	0
Papulosquamous Disorders [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	2.4	2	0
Bucket Handle Tears [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Adenoma, alpha-Cell [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Eardrum Perforation [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Tympanic Membrane Perforation A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.	0	2.07	1	0
Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.	0	2.06	1	0
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	0	2.06	1	0
Cardiovirus Infections Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE.	0	2.42	2	0
Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.06	1	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	0	2.06	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	2.06	1	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	0	2.37	2	0
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).	0	2.06	1	0
Autism [description not available]	0	7.98	1	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	2.98	1	0
Wet Macular Degeneration A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.	0	2.07	1	0
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)	0	3.37	2	0
Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.	0	2.06	1	0
Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.06	1	0
Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial infarction is often caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It can be categorized as anteroseptal or anterolateral wall myocardial infarction.	0	2.06	1	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	0	2.07	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)	0	2.44	2	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	0	2.06	1	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.07	1	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	0	2.07	1	0
Fibrous Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.06	1	0
Hirsutism A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.	0	2.98	1	0
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	3.64	3	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	3.64	3	0
Childhood Torsion Disease [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	0	2.38	2	0
Adipocere [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	0	2.06	1	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	0	3.39	2	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	0	2.44	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	2.71	3	0
Coarctation of Aorta [description not available]	0	4.42	2	2
Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.	0	4.42	2	2
Multiple Hemangioblastomas [description not available]	0	6.93	6	2
Hemangioblastoma A benign tumor of the nervous system that may occur sporadically or in association with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE. It accounts for approximately 2% of intracranial tumors, arising most frequently in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Histologically, the tumors are composed of multiple capillary and sinusoidal channels lined with endothelial cells and clusters of lipid-laden pseudoxanthoma cells. Usually solitary, these tumors can be multiple and may also occur in the brain stem, spinal cord, retina, and supratentorial compartment. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas usually present in the third decade with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, and ataxia. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2071-2)	0	6.93	6	2
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.07	1	0
Systolic Heart Failure [description not available]	0	4.37	1	1
Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.	0	4.37	1	1
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.3	2	0
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.	0	2.06	1	0
Acoustic Neurinoma, Bilateral [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Neurofibromatosis 2 An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life.	0	3.46	1	1
Histomoniasis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA.	0	2.07	1	0
Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Scleroderma, Diffuse A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability.	0	2.07	1	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	0	2.07	1	0
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	0	2.99	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	0	2.07	1	0
Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.	0	4.37	1	1
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	0	2.07	1	0
Alpha Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Mast-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Leukemia, Mast-Cell A form of systemic mastocytosis (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC) characterized by the presence of large numbers of tissue MAST CELLS in the peripheral blood without skin lesions. It is a high-grade LEUKEMIA disease with bone marrow smear of	0	2.07	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.07	1	0
Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	0	2.48	2	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	0	3.35	2	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	0	2.07	1	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Oral Fistula An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.	0	2.07	1	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Buerger Disease [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	0	2.45	2	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	2.07	1	0
Opisthorchis felineus Infection [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Opisthorchiasis Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.	0	2.07	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	0	2.72	3	0
Cramp [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	0	9.04	7	5
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	0	2.44	2	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	0	9.04	7	5
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	0	4.3	4	1
Altidudinal Hemianopia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Embolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.	0	2.07	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	2.07	1	0
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.	0	3	1	0
Ciliophora Infections Infections with protozoa of the phylum CILIOPHORA.	0	2.07	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube [description not available]	0	3.47	1	1
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.	0	3.47	1	1
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	0	2.07	1	0
Glucose Metabolic Disorder [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Hyperchylomicronemia Late Onset [description not available]	0	5.89	5	5
ACA Infarct [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	0	2.07	1	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
alpha-Lipoprotein Deficiency Disease, Familial [description not available]	0	4.39	1	1
Devic Disease [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.	0	2.07	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	3	1	0
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	0	3.4	2	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	2.91	4	0
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.	0	4.08	3	1
Desmoplastic Small Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor A rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is most commonly found in the abdomen.	0	2.08	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	0	2.08	1	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	0	2.38	2	0
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.08	1	0
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS.	0	2.08	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.37	2	0
Benign Optic Nerve Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	4.64	6	1
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Familial Gestational Spontaneous [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.	0	2.01	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	0	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	0	2.92	1	0
Amnesia, Anterograde Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)	0	2.93	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	0	3.58	3	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	3.58	3	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	0	2.01	1	0
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	2.01	1	0
Islet Cell Tumor, Malignant [description not available]	0	6.39	10	0
Carcinoma, Islet Cell A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-producing cell types, the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS) in GLUCAGONOMA and SOMATOSTATINOMA, respectively.	0	6.39	10	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	2.93	4	0
Infections, Poxviridae [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Cancer of the Retina [description not available]	0	4.72	2	1
Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.	0	2.01	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	0	2.42	2	0
Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Cardiovascular Abnormalities Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.	0	2.01	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	0	3.32	7	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	0	3.32	7	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	0	2.63	3	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	4.24	19	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	4.24	19	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	0	1.93	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Icterus [description not available]	0	3.96	5	0
Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	0	1.93	1	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	0	3.96	5	0
Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)	0	1.93	1	0
Anal Fissure [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	0	1.93	1	0
Fissure in Ano A painful linear tear at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal.	0	1.93	1	0
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	0	1.93	1	0
Infections, Paramyxoviridae [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.	0	1.93	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	0	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	0	4.49	9	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	0	3.56	9	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	0	3.56	9	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	0	1.94	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	0	1.94	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	0	2.63	3	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	0	1.94	1	0
Eosinophilic Granuloma The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.	0	1.94	1	0
Central Core Disease [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Arcus Corneae [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.	0	2.02	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	3.48	8	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	0	2.01	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	4.58	26	0
Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteriogram [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	0	3.4	1	1
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.	0	2.02	1	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	2.93	4	0
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	3.62	3	0
Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2.02	1	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	2.93	1	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	0	2.93	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	3.33	2	0
Stress Disorders, Traumatic Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, increased arousal, and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. Traumatic stress disorders can be further classified by the time of onset and the duration of these symptoms.	0	2.02	1	0
Hemorrhage, Intracranial, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Schistosoma haematobia Infection [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Schistosomiasis haematobia A human disease caused by the infection of parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in AFRICA and parts of the MIDDLE EAST. Tissue damages most often occur in the URINARY TRACT, specifically the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.02	1	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Infectious Myelitis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	0	2.02	1	0
Brain Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	0	3.35	2	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	6.16	4	3
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	6.16	4	3
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	0	3.4	1	1
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.	0	2.02	1	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	2.02	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	2.7	3	0
Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).	0	2.02	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.02	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	0	3.41	1	1
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
DDD MPGNII [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	2.39	2	0
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	0	2.43	2	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.	0	2.02	1	0
Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.	0	2.43	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	4.04	3	1
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	4.04	3	1
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Anguilluliasis [description not available]	0	9.64	9	9
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.	0	9.64	9	9
Fasciitis Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1, Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2, Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3, Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma.	0	2.03	1	0
Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I An inherited condition due to a deficiency of either LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE or APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (a lipase-activating protein). The lack of lipase activities results in inability to remove CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES from the blood which has a creamy top layer after standing.	0	3.41	1	1
Jet Lag [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Night Terrors A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Embryonal A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)	0	2.03	1	0
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Atheroembolism [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Embolism, Cholesterol Blocking of a blood vessel by CHOLESTEROL-rich atheromatous deposits, generally occurring in the flow from a large artery to small arterial branches. It is also called arterial-arterial embolization or atheroembolism which may be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Patients with spontaneous atheroembolism often have painful, cyanotic digits of acute onset.	0	2.43	2	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Cranial Nerve X Diseases [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	0	2.42	2	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	0	3.64	3	0
Corridor Disease [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Gasser Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Jactatio Capitis Nocturna [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	0	2.39	2	0
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.	0	2.03	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	0	5	3	3
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	5	3	3
Polyploid [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	3.81	4	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	2.03	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.	0	3.83	2	1
Daytime Sleepiness [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)	0	3.41	1	1
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	0	4.33	1	1
Presbycusis Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.	0	3.82	2	1
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.	0	2.03	1	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	0	3.62	3	0
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	0	2.03	1	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	0	4.1	3	1
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cholecystitis, Emphysematous [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Bends [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Myelopathy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	0	2.03	1	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	3.8	2	1
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	0	3.8	2	1
CADASILM A subvariety of CADASIL characterized by the high frequency of MIGRAINE. The acronym stands for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts, Leukoencephalopathy, and Migraine.	0	2.03	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	2.69	3	0
CADASIL A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146)	0	2.03	1	0
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular A pathological constriction occurring in the region above the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	2.03	1	0
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	0	4.97	3	3
Leukostasis Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.	0	2.03	1	0
Syringoma A benign tumor of the sweat glands which is usually multiple and results from malformation of sweat ducts. It is uncommon and more common in females than in males. It is most likely to appear at adolescence, and further lesions may develop during adult life. It does not appear to be hereditary. (Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, pp2407-8)	0	2.03	1	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	0	2.03	1	0
Acneiform Eruptions Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, 575)	0	2.95	1	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	0	2.04	1	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	0	2.04	1	0
Acrodermatitis Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.	0	2.96	1	0
Angio-Osteohypertrophy Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Paranoia [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Leanness [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	0	3.79	4	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	0	3.79	4	0
Chromosomal Fragility [description not available]	0	3.35	7	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	0	1.96	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	1.95	1	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Boils [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Sweat Gland Diseases Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS.	0	1.96	1	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Glomerular Necrosis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	0	1.96	1	0
Ectopic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pregnancy, Ectopic A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (	0	1.96	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Nephrosis, Lipoid A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	2.37	2	0
Menstruation, Painful [description not available]	0	3.75	2	1
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation.	0	3.75	2	1
Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.	0	1.96	1	0
Serum Sickness Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses.	0	1.96	1	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	5.35	5	3
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	0	1.96	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	5.35	5	3
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.	0	1.96	1	0
Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.	0	1.96	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	5.18	4	1
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	2.36	2	0
Crigler Najjar Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.	0	3.56	3	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	0	1.96	1	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	0	2.87	4	0
Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.	0	2.35	2	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Aseptic Meningitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	1.96	1	0
Meningitis, Aseptic A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)	0	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Megaloblastic A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.	0	1.95	1	0
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.	0	1.95	1	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	0	2.39	2	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	0	2.38	2	0
Torsade de Pointes [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	0	2.9	1	0
Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	1.98	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	2.39	2	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	3.37	1	1
Cystadenoma, Papillary A benign neoplasm of the ovary.	0	1.98	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	0	3.3	2	0
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	0	1.99	1	0
Infections, Rhabdoviridae [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	3.59	3	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	1.99	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	2.37	2	0
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	0	1.99	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	2.37	2	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	3.38	1	1
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	0	3.38	1	1
Gastric Stasis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	1.99	1	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	0	1.99	1	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Battered Child Syndrome A clinical condition resulting from repeated physical and psychological injuries inflicted on a child by the parents or caregivers.	0	1.99	1	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	1.99	1	0
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Epididymitis Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.	0	3.38	1	1
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	3.38	1	1
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	0	3.38	1	1
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	0	2	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	0	2	1	0
Hypotrichosis Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2	1	0
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	0	2	1	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	0	2.36	2	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	0	3.39	1	1
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2	1	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	0	2	1	0
alpha-LCAT Deficiency [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE gene. It is characterized by low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the triad of CORNEAL OPACITIES; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; and PROTEINURIA with renal failure.	0	2	1	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	0	2.92	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	2	1	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	0	2.01	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	2.92	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	0	2.64	3	0
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.	0	2.35	2	0
Periarthritis Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.	0	2.35	2	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	3.74	2	1
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	0	1.95	1	0
Bruise [description not available]	0	4.94	3	3
Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.	0	4.94	3	3
Varices [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	0	3.33	1	1
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	0	3.34	1	1
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	0	1.95	1	0
Osteophytosis, Spinal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	0	1.98	1	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.	0	1.97	1	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	0	2.37	2	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.97	1	0
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	0	1.97	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	0	2.37	2	0
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	0	1.97	1	0
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	0	4.61	3	2
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	0	4.61	3	2
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukoma [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	1.97	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	0	1.97	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	0	1.97	1	0
Iritis Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.	0	1.97	1	0
Ecchymosis Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.	0	3.35	1	1
Complications, Labor [description not available]	0	3.35	1	1
Aphakia, Postcataract Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.	0	3.35	1	1
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	0	1.96	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	0	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	1.94	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	0	1.94	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	1.94	1	0
Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).	0	1.95	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Alastrim [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Smallpox An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	0	3.33	1	1
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.	0	3.78	4	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	0	3.33	1	1
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	0	2.35	2	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	0	1.94	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	0	1.95	1	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	0	1.94	1	0
Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.86	1	0
Abscess, Amebic [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Trichomoniasis, Human [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Amebiasis Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.	0	1.94	1	0
Trichomonas Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.	0	1.94	1	0
Malaria, Avian Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.	0	2.86	1	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	0	2.35	2	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.	0	2.86	4	0
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	0	2.86	4	0
Anemia Neonatorum [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Neonatal The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.	0	1.94	1	0
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	0	1.94	1	0

pyrroles

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