A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume.
ChEBI ID: 25728
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| dimethylpropiothetin | A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid. | S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin |
| ectoine | A carboxamidine heterocycle obtained by formal condensation of (2S)-2,4-diaminobutanoic acid with acetic acid. | ectoine zwitterion; ectoine |
| glycerol | A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. | glycerol |
| sucrose | A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. | sucrose |
| trimethyloxamine | A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine. | trimethylamine N-oxide |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 21,278 (36.74) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 6,392 (11.04) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 10,141 (17.51) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 14,295 (24.68) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5,814 (10.04) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1,999 (3.24%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2,072 (3.36%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 487 (0.79%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 65 (0.11%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 57,047 (92.50%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 55.4927 | 1 | 1 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.6832 | 2 | 2 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.3332 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.8683 | 3 | 3 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.3825 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3548 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.3079 | 1 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0405 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3060 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 77.7421 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 52.6383 | 2 | 4 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 22.1917 | 2 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.7828 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 20.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 20.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 450,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 150,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MALTOPORIN | Escherichia coli | Kd | 15,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 110,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, MALTOPORIN | Escherichia coli | Kd | 15,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |