glutamic acid has been researched along with phosphocreatine in 123 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 17 (13.82) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 35 (28.46) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 44 (35.77) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 24 (19.51) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 3 (2.44) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Ackerman, Z; Farrow, NA; Kreis, R; Ross, BD | 1 |
Fernandez, EJ; Higuchi, T; Maudsley, AA; Weiner, MW | 1 |
Majors, A; Modic, MT; Ng, TC; Xue, M | 1 |
Abiko, H; Chang, LH; Faden, AI; James, TL; Shimizu, H; Swanson, RA; Weinstein, PR | 1 |
Carter, JG; Lowry, OH; Manchester, JK; McDougal, DB; Pusateri, ME | 1 |
Aquila, WJ; Petroff, OA; Yates, J; Young, RS | 1 |
Bruhn, H; Frahm, J; Gyngell, ML; Hänicke, W; Hörstermann, D; Merboldt, KD; Michaelis, T | 1 |
Hentschel, D; Huk, W; Ladebeck, R; Neundörfer, B; Schuierer, G; Schüler, P; Stefan, H; Wittig, R | 1 |
Farrow, NA; Kanamori, K; Parivar, F; Ross, BD | 1 |
Kapel'ko, VI; Novikova, NA; Pisarenko, OI | 1 |
Behar, KL; Fitzpatrick, SM; Hetherington, HP; Shulman, RG | 1 |
Kleinholz, M; Myers, RE; Wagner, KR | 1 |
Demediuk, P; Faden, AI; Panter, SS; Vink, R | 1 |
Kapelko, VI; Oleynikov, OD; Pisarenko, OI; Ryff, IM; Shulzhenko, VS; Studneva, IM | 1 |
Behar, KL; den Hollander, JA; Hetherington, HP; Petroff, OA; Prichard, JW; Shulman, RG | 1 |
Neurohr, KJ; Shulman, RG | 1 |
Khlopkov, V; Pisarenko, O; Studneva, I | 1 |
Walker, JB; Woznicki, DT | 1 |
Grieshaber, MK; Kreutzer, U; Rösen, P; Wiesner, RJ | 1 |
Kauppinen, RA; McMahon, HT; Nicholls, DG | 1 |
Armiger, LC; Choong, YS; Gavin, JB | 1 |
Dobbs, WA; Engelman, RM; Meeran, MK; Rousou, JH | 1 |
Ivanov, VE; Kapel'ko, VI; Pisarenko, OI; Solomatina, ES; Studneva, IM | 1 |
Ivanov, VE; Kapelko, VI; Pisarenko, OI; Smirnov, VN; Solomatina, ES; Studneva, IM | 1 |
Buckberg, GD; Bugyi, H; Okamoto, F; Robertson, JM; Rosenkranz, ER; Vinten-Johansen, J | 1 |
Holburn, GE; Lee, H; Martin, PR; Price, RR; Tarter, J; Weinstein, DD | 1 |
Rondeau, E | 1 |
Haller, RG; Henriksson, KG; Jorfeldt, L; Lewis, SF; Sahlin, K | 1 |
Bachelard, H; Badar-Goffer, R; Morris, P; Thatcher, N | 1 |
Mispelter, J; Ronen, SM; Volk, A | 1 |
Chan, PH; Chang, LH; Espanol, MT; James, TL; Litt, L; Weinstein, P; Xu, Y; Yang, GY | 1 |
Bruhn, H; Christen, HJ; Frahm, J; Hanefeld, F; Hänicke, W; Kruse, B; Michaelis, T | 1 |
Erecińska, M; Nelson, D | 1 |
Dreher, W; Leibfritz, D | 1 |
Behar, KL; Boehm, D | 1 |
Els, T; Gyngell, ML; Hoehn-Berlage, M; Hossmann, KA | 1 |
Chang, LH; Faden, AI; Graham, SH; James, TL; Mintorovitch, J; Shimizu, H; Weinstein, PR | 1 |
Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Ben-Yoseph, O; Morris, PG | 1 |
Hirai, H; Okada, Y | 1 |
Kapelko, VI; Pisarenko, OI; Shulzhenko, VS; Studneva, IM | 1 |
Barrère, B; Guezennec, CY; Lagarde, D; Menu, JP; Pérès, M; Piérard, C; Satabin, P | 1 |
Kanfer, JN; Klunk, WE; Miller, G; Pettegrew, JW; Xiong, Q; Xu, CJ | 1 |
Dijkhuizen, RM; Nicolay, K; Tulleken, CA; van der Toorn, A | 1 |
Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M; Hoffman, DJ; Kubin, J; Mishra, OP; Zanelli, SA | 1 |
Haghighat, N; McCandless, DW | 1 |
Carter, JG; Chi, MM; Lowry, OH; Pusateri, ME; Ryan, C; Schlesinger, MJ | 1 |
Hayakawa, T; Kohmura, E; Nonaka, M; Wakayama, A; Yamashita, T; Yoshimine, T | 1 |
Bolo, N; Dahchour, A; De Witte, P; Durbin, P; Macher, JP; Muzet, M; Nédélec, JF | 1 |
Avgovstides-Savvopoulou, P; Guiba-Tziampiri, O; Karkavelas, G; Loizidis, T; Soubasi, V; Spandou, E | 1 |
Bachelard, HS; Morris, PG; Prior, MJ; Thatcher, NM | 1 |
Brewer, GJ; Wallimann, TW | 1 |
Geraminegad, P; Haghighat, N; McCandless, DW | 1 |
Ross, BD | 1 |
Barker, GJ; Bartlett, PA; Duncan, JS; McLean, MA; Woermann, FG | 1 |
Brustovetsky, N; Brustovetsky, T; Dubinsky, JM | 1 |
Okada, Y; Sakurai, T; Takata, T; Yang, B; Yokono, K | 1 |
Décorps, M; Rémy, C; von Kienlin , M; Ziegler, A | 1 |
Bisaga, GN; Odinak, MM; Pozdniakov, AV; Tiutin, LA | 1 |
Fonnum, F; Hassel, B; Johannessen, CU; Petersen, D | 1 |
Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M; Mishra, OP | 1 |
Abe, K; Hattori, N; Sakoda, S; Sawada, T | 1 |
Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Ben-Yoseph, O; McLean, MA; Morris, PG; Prior, MJ; Taylor, A; Thatcher, NM | 1 |
Hilbich, T; Kurlemann, G; Möller, HE; Schuierer, G; Wiedermann, D | 1 |
Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M; Fritz, KI; Mishra, OP; Zubrow, AB | 1 |
Brinker, T; Samii, M; Schuhmann, MU; Skardelly, M; Stiller, D; Thomas, S | 1 |
Dolkart, PH; Ferrendelli, JA; Gorell, JM | 1 |
Buettger, CW; Carr, RD; Collins, HW; Doliba, NM; Matschinsky, FM; Qin, W; Vatamaniuk, MZ; Wehrli, SL | 1 |
Dawson, KD; Gibala, MJ; Howarth, KR; Tarnopolsky, MA; Wong, ND | 1 |
Bernarding, J; Brinker, T; Klinge, PM; Samii, A; Samii, M; Schuhmann, MU; Skardelly, M; Stiller, D | 1 |
FONYO, A; KOVACH, AG; LESZKOVSZKY, G; MAKLARY, E; MESZAROS, J | 1 |
Georgieff, MK; Gruetter, R; Rao, R; Tkac, I; Townsend, EL | 1 |
Fukuda, R; Fukui, T; Iwanami, A; Kasai, K; Kato, N; Kato, T; Yamasue, H | 1 |
Alkan, A; Aslan, M; Kutlu, R; Orkan, I; Sigirci, A; Yakinci, C | 1 |
Banerjee, SP; Bhandari, R; Boyd, C; Ivey, J; Mirza, Y; Moore, GJ; Rose, M; Rosenberg, DR; Russell, A; Smith, JM; Tang, J | 1 |
McKnight, TR | 1 |
Juchem, C; Logothetis, NK; Merkle, H; Nauerth, A; Pfeuffer, J | 1 |
Juchem, C; Logothetis, NK; Merkle, H; Pfeuffer, J; Schick, F | 1 |
Chard, DT; Ingle, GT; McLean, MA; Miller, DH; Ramió-Torrentà, L; Sastre-Garriga, J; Thompson, AJ | 1 |
Alves, PM; Carrondo, MJ; Fonseca, LL; Monteiro, MA; Santos, H | 1 |
Campo, P; Fernández, A; García-Segura, JM; Gil-Gregorio, P; Maestú, F; Montoya, J; Ortiz, T; Viaño, J | 1 |
Li, CQ; Shen, J; Xu, S; Yang, J; Zhu, W | 1 |
Cordery, RJ; Godbolt, A; MacManus, D; Rossor, MN; Waldman, AD | 1 |
Aleardi, M; Biederman, J; Dougherty, M; Hammerness, P; Harpold, T; Mick, E; Moore, CM; Randall, E; Renshaw, PF; Wardrop, M; Wozniak, J | 1 |
Alves, PM; Carrondo, MJ; Coroadinha, AS; Cruz, PE; Merten, OW; Santos, SS | 1 |
Ankerst, DP; Yildiz-Yesiloglu, A | 1 |
Arolt, V; Heindel, W; Kersting, A; Ohrmann, P; Pedersen, A; Pfleiderer, B; Rothermundt, M; Siegmund, A; Spitzberg, K; Suslow, T | 1 |
Jensen, JE; Rowland, LM; Théberge, J | 1 |
Carrey, NJ; Gaudet, L; MacMaster, FP; Schmidt, MH | 1 |
Andrews, MT; Drewes, LR; Gruetter, R; Henry, PG; Russeth, KP; Tkac, I | 1 |
Damyanovich, AZ; Jaffray, DA; Kirilova, A; Langer, DL; Rakaric, P | 1 |
Allen, P; Baker, G; Batra, NA; Bellavance, F; Hanstock, C; Hui, E; Khudabux, J; Le Melledo, JM; Seres, P; Seres-Mailo, J; Tibbo, P | 1 |
Dezortova, M; Hajek, M | 1 |
Barker, GJ; Duncan, JS; McLean, MA; Salmenpera, TM; Simister, RJ | 1 |
Cannon, TD; Huttunen, MO; Kaprio, J; Lönnqvist, J; Lutkenhoff, ES; Manninen, M; O'Neill, J; Therman, S; Thomas, MA; van Erp, TG | 1 |
Chang, L; Qi, J; Wang, C; Yin, P; Zhong, W; Zhu, W | 1 |
Doezema, D; Elgie, R; Gasparovic, C; Ling, J; Mannell, M; Mayer, AR; Phillips, J; Yeo, R | 1 |
Ende, G; Hoerst, M; Meyer-Lindenberg, A; Tunc-Skarka, N; Weber-Fahr, W; Zink, M | 1 |
Bruhn, H; Scheel, M; Ströhle, A | 1 |
Ennis, K; Gruetter, R; Long, JD; Rao, R; Tkac, I; Ugurbil, K | 1 |
Konyer, NB; Noseworthy, MD; Pullenayegum, E; Schachar, R; Soreni, N | 1 |
Bajbouj, M; Brakemeier, EL; Grimm, S; Heuser, I; Luborzewski, A; Merkl, A; Quante, A; Schubert, F | 1 |
Calhoun, VD; Gangestad, SW; Gasparovic, C; Hutchison, KE; Kalyanam, R; Liu, J; Mayer, AR; Thoma, RJ; Yeo, RA | 1 |
Cambron, M; Clinckers, R; D'Haeseleer, M; De Keyser, J; Debruyne, J; Laureys, G | 1 |
Alger, JR; Bejjani, A; Frew, AJ; Kim, JA; Kitchen, C; Levitt, JG; Ly, R; McCracken, JT; O'Neill, J; Salamon, N; Toga, AW; Yee, VW | 1 |
Amin, AG; Basaraba, R; Chatterjee, D; Henao-Tamayo, M; Kato-Maeda, M; MacKinnon, N; Ordway, DJ; Orme, IM; Ramamoorthy, A; Rithner, CD; Shanley, CA; Somashekar, BS; Tripathi, P | 1 |
Hemanth Kumar, BS; Javed, S; Khan, AR; Khushu, S; Modi, S; Rana, P; Tripathi, RP | 1 |
Calhoun, VD; Durazzo, TC; Gasparovic, C; Harlaar, N; Hutchison, KE; Kalyanam, R; Mayer, AR; Monnig, M; Thoma, RJ; Yeo, RA | 1 |
Chamard, E; Echlin, PS; Forwell, LA; Johnson, AM; Skopelja, EN; Théoret, H | 1 |
Barry, J; Chen, AP; Clarke, K; Connelly, KA; Cunningham, CH; Dyck, JR; Gu, Y; Hu, X; Lau, AZ; Nagendran, J; Schroeder, MA; Tyler, DJ; Wright, GA | 1 |
Horita, DA; Kleven, GA; Morgan, JJ; Olson, J; Ronca, AE; Tulbert, CD | 1 |
Abé, C; Durazzo, TC; Meyerhoff, DJ; Mon, A | 1 |
Foerster, B; Harris, RE; Ichesco, E; Khabir, T; Sen, A; Wood, L; Wright, B; Zick, SM; Zwickey, H | 1 |
Chen, M; Nguyen, HT | 1 |
Huang, QJ; Peng, H; Shao, Y; Wu, R; Xu, H; Xuan, Y; Yan, G | 1 |
Chen, J; Fan, Q; Han, X; Li, Y; Maletic-Savatic, M; Tan, L; Tong, S; Wang, Z; Xiao, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Y | 1 |
Deelchand, DK; Grant, A; Hemmy, LS; Hodges, J; Marjańska, M; McCarten, JR; Terpstra, M | 1 |
Bock, C; Dreher, W; Mitschke, N; Wermter, FC | 1 |
Chen, Y; Gao, W; Li, Q; Liu, S; Liu, W; Shen, Z; Wu, R; Zhang, G | 1 |
Algın, O; Atagün, Mİ; Can, SS; Çayköylü, A; Kaymak, SU; Moore, CM; Öngür, D; Phillips, ML; Şıkoğlu, EM; Uğurlu, GK | 1 |
Bolo, NR; Fried, PJ; Pascual-Leone, A | 1 |
Biffoni, M; Buccarelli, M; Ciocca, M; Cirrone, GAP; Dini, V; Grande, S; Guidoni, L; Luciani, AM; Pallini, R; Palma, A; Ricci-Vitiani, L; Rosi, A; Viti, V | 1 |
Asaki, Y; Hara, M; Murofushi, Y; Takanashi, JI; Yasukawa, K | 1 |
Cheng, H; Dydak, U; Newman, S; Wang, A | 1 |
5 review(s) available for glutamic acid and phosphocreatine
Article | Year |
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Real or imaginary? Human metabolism through nuclear magnetism.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Down Syndrome; Glutamic Acid; History, 20th Century; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolism; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Urea | 2000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic evaluation of brain tumor metabolism.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine | 2004 |
Review of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Protons | 2006 |
(1)H MR spectroscopy in pediatrics.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine | 2008 |
White-matter astrocytes, axonal energy metabolism, and axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Astrocytes; Axons; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Mitochondria; Multiple Sclerosis; Nerve Degeneration; Phosphocreatine | 2012 |
8 trial(s) available for glutamic acid and phosphocreatine
Article | Year |
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Central effects of acamprosate: part 2. Acamprosate modifies the brain in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectrum in healthy young male volunteers.
Topics: Acamprosate; Adult; Alcohol Deterrents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dipeptides; Double-Blind Method; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 1998 |
Quantitative short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of malformations of cortical development causing epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Malformations; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values | 2001 |
Short-term training attenuates muscle TCA cycle expansion during exercise in women.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Citric Acid Cycle; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pyruvic Acid; Sex Characteristics | 2003 |
Metabolite changes in normal-appearing gray and white matter are linked with disability in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Disability Evaluation; Disease Progression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons; Neuropil; Phosphocreatine; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Statistics as Topic | 2005 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of brain glutamate levels in premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Topics: Adult; Creatine; Female; Follicular Phase; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Luteal Phase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pain Measurement; Personality Inventory; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Premenstrual Syndrome | 2008 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury and its prognostic value.
Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Protons; Severity of Illness Index; Thalamus | 2008 |
Effects of short-term stress-like cortisol on cerebral metabolism: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3.0 T.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Stress, Psychological; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
Elevated glutamatergic compounds in pregenual anterior cingulate in pediatric autism spectrum disorder demonstrated by 1H MRS and 1H MRSI.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Phosphocreatine; Pilot Projects; Radiography | 2012 |
110 other study(ies) available for glutamic acid and phosphocreatine
Article | Year |
---|---|
Metabolic disorders of the brain in chronic hepatic encephalopathy detected with H-1 MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Reproducibility of Results | 1992 |
1H spectroscopic imaging of rat brain at 7 tesla.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Choline; Creatine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1992 |
Short echo time proton spectroscopy of human brain using a gradient head coil.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mesencephalon; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Taurine; Temporal Lobe | 1992 |
Effect of dichloroacetate on recovery of brain lactate, phosphorus energy metabolites, and glutamate during reperfusion after complete cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cations; Dichloroacetic Acid; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Water | 1992 |
Glucose metabolism assessed with 2-deoxyglucose and the effect of glutamate in subdivisions of rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Edema; Deoxyglucose; Female; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats | 1992 |
Effects of glutamate, quisqualate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate in neonatal brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Organ Specificity; Phosphocreatine; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Cerebral glucose is detectable by localized proton NMR spectroscopy in normal rat brain in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1991 |
[4-Tesla 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Reference Values; Temporal Lobe | 1991 |
A 15N-n.m.r. study of cerebral, hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism in hyperammonaemic rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inactivation, Metabolic; Kidney; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1990 |
[The synergistic action of glutamic acid and phosphocreatine on the metabolism and function of the heart during ischemia and reperfusion].
Topics: Animals; Cardioplegic Solutions; Coronary Circulation; Drug Synergism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Phosphocreatine | 1990 |
Effects of acute hyperammonemia on cerebral amino acid metabolism and pHi in vivo, measured by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Delayed neurologic deterioration following anoxia: brain mitochondrial and metabolic correlates.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Cytochrome b Group; Female; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria; NAD; Organ Size; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Succinates; Succinic Acid | 1989 |
The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Brain Injuries; Dextrorphan; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Magnesium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1989 |
Association of myocardial glutamate and aspartate pool and functional recovery of postischemic heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Coronary Disease; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine | 1989 |
Effect of hypoglycemic encephalopathy upon amino acids, high-energy phosphates, and pHi in the rat brain in vivo: detection by sequential 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Electroencephalography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleotides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1985 |
Carbon-13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of myocardial metabolism in live guinea pigs.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Coronary Disease; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Heart Arrest; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes | 1985 |
Metabolism of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and related amino acids in ischemic guinea pig heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Coronary Disease; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine | 1987 |
Utilization of the synthetic phosphagen cyclocreatine phosphate by a simple brain model during stimulation by neuroexcitatory amino acids.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chick Embryo; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Homocysteine; Imidazolidines; Kainic Acid; Magnesium; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphocreatine | 1988 |
Subcellular distribution of malate-aspartate cycle intermediates during normoxia and anoxia in the heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Citrates; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Cytosol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardium; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions | 1988 |
Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent glutamate release, energy status and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in isolated nerve terminals following metabolic inhibition: possible relevance to hypoglycaemia and anoxia.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Cytosol; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hypoglycemia; Membrane Potentials; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rotenone; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Effects of glutamic acid on cardiac function and energy metabolism of rat heart during ischaemia and reperfusion.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Blood Pressure; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guanosine Triphosphate; Heart; Heart Rate; Male; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values | 1988 |
Myocardial high-energy phosphate replenishment during ischemic arrest: aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Arrest, Induced; Isotonic Solutions; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Potassium Compounds; Swine | 1982 |
[Effect of glutamic and aspartic acids on heart metabolism and function in hypoperfusion].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Effect of glutamic and aspartic acids on adenine nucleotides, nitrogenous compounds and contractile function during underperfusion of isolated rat heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl | 1983 |
Safety of prolonged aortic clamping with blood cardioplegia. II. Glutamate enrichment in energy-depleted hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aorta; Constriction; Dogs; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hypothermia, Induced; Lactates; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Solutions; Stroke Volume | 1984 |
In vivo localized proton NMR spectroscopy of thiamine-deficient rat brain.
Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Animals; Brain; Creatine; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy | 1995 |
[Importance of organic osmolytes in central pontine myelinolysis].
Topics: Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Myelinolysis, Central Pontine; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 1995 |
Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates during incremental exercise in healthy subjects and in patients with McArdle's disease.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Exercise; Female; Fumarates; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen Storage Disease Type V; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 1995 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on Ca2+, Zn2+ and energy metabolism in superfused brain slices.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Chelating Agents; Dizocilpine Maleate; Egtazic Acid; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphocreatine; Zinc | 1994 |
Comparative NMR study of a differentiated rat hepatoma and its dedifferentiated subclone cultured as spheroids and as implanted tumors.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1994 |
Modulation of glutamate-induced intracellular energy failure in neonatal cerebral cortical slices by kynurenic acid, dizocilpine, and NBQX.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Membranes; Kynurenic Acid; Neurotoxins; Phosphocreatine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Alterations of brain metabolites in metachromatic leukodystrophy as detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Phosphocreatine; Postoperative Period | 1993 |
Effects of 3-nitropropionic acid on synaptosomal energy and transmitter metabolism: relevance to neurodegenerative brain diseases.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Diseases; Cell Death; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Diphosphate; Guanosine Triphosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitro Compounds; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1994 |
Double-echo multislice proton spectroscopic imaging using Hadamard slice encoding.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Fourier Analysis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Structural; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Water | 1994 |
Measurement of GABA following GABA-transaminase inhibition by gabaculine: a 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic study of rat brain in vivo.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nucleotides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Proton MR spectroscopy of experimental brain tumors in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Caudate Nucleus; Cell Line; Choline; Creatinine; Energy Metabolism; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neurilemmoma; Neuroblastoma; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1994 |
Relationship between extracellular neurotransmitter amino acids and energy metabolism during cerebral ischemia in rats monitored by microdialysis and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Ischemia; Dialysis; Energy Metabolism; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Glycerol 3-phosphate and lactate as indicators of the cerebral cytoplasmic redox state in severe and mild hypoxia respectively: a 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. study.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cerebral Cortex; Cytoplasm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerophosphates; Hypoxia, Brain; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
Serine released from hippocampal slices during deprivation of oxygen and glucose enhances the effects of glutamate on neuronal function.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine; Synaptic Transmission | 1993 |
Effects of gradual reperfusion on postischemic metabolism and functional recovery of isolated guinea pig heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cardiac Output; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Nitrogen; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
Effects of a vigilance-enhancing drug, modafinil, on rat brain metabolism: a 2D COSY 1H-NMR study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzhydryl Compounds; Brain; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cognition; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Modafinil; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1995 |
Phosphocreatine-dependent glutamate uptake by synaptic vesicles. A comparison with atp-dependent glutamate uptake.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Cattle; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Phosphocreatine; Synaptic Vesicles | 1996 |
T1 and T2 relaxation times of the major 1H-containing metabolites in rat brain after focal ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1995 |
The in vivo effect of bilirubin on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/ion channel complex in the brains of newborn piglets.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bilirubin; Brain; Cell Membrane; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reference Values; Serum Albumin; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Swine | 1996 |
Effect of 6-aminonicotinamide on metabolism of astrocytes and C6-glioma cells.
Topics: 6-Aminonicotinamide; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain Neoplasms; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Lactic Acid; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1997 |
Metabolite changes associated with heat shocked avian fibroblast mitochondria.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Citric Acid; Energy Metabolism; Fibroblasts; Fumarates; Glutamic Acid; Glycerophosphates; Glycolysis; Hot Temperature; Ketoglutaric Acids; Malates; Mitochondria; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Stress, Physiological | 1997 |
Changes in brain organic osmolytes in experimental cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylamines; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 1998 |
Effect of ketamine on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Artery Diseases; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia, Brain; Ketamine; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1999 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on changes in cerebral calcium and zinc and the energy state caused by excitotoxic amino acids.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Neurotoxins; Phosphocreatine; Zinc | 1999 |
Protective effect of the energy precursor creatine against toxicity of glutamate and beta-amyloid in rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Aging; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Creatine; Dendrites; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Intracellular Membranes; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 2000 |
The effect of ammonium chloride on metabolism of primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells in vitro.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Brain; Cell Death; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fetus; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Lactic Acid; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
On the mechanisms of neuroprotection by creatine and phosphocreatine.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Mitochondria; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitro Compounds; Permeability; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Effect of lactate on the synaptic potential, energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and extracellular glutamate concentration in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus from guinea-pig.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Signaling; Dentate Gyrus; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glycolysis; Guinea Pigs; Homeostasis; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Neurons; Nimodipine; Organ Culture Techniques; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Theophylline | 2001 |
High glycolytic activity in rat glioma demonstrated in vivo by correlation peak 1H magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Ethanolamines; Female; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
[Proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy in remitting and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Demyelinating Diseases; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Phosphocreatine; Severity of Illness Index | 2001 |
The acute effect of valproate on cerebral energy metabolism in mice.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phosphocreatine; Valproic Acid | 2001 |
Nitric oxide-mediated Ca++-influx in neuronal nuclei and cortical synaptosomes of normoxic and hypoxic newborn piglets.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Cell Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Free Radicals; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Oxidative Stress; Peroxynitrous Acid; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Swine; Synaptosomes | 2002 |
Proton MR spectroscopic study at 3 Tesla on glutamate/glutamine in Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
A comparison of some metabolic effects of N-methylaspartate stereoisomers, glutamate and depolarization: a multinuclear MRS study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electrophysiology; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; N-Methylaspartate; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Stereoisomerism | 2002 |
Application of NMR spectroscopy to monitoring MELAS treatment: a case report.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MELAS Syndrome; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation | 2002 |
NMDA receptor modification during graded hypoxia in the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hypoxia, Brain; Ion Channels; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Swine; Zinc | 2002 |
Long-time in-vivo metabolic monitoring following experimental brain contusion using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Taurine; Time Factors | 2002 |
Regional levels of glucose, amino acids, high energy phosphates, and cyclic nucleotides in the central nervous system during hypoglycemic stupor and behavioral recovery.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System; Coma; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Recovery of Function | 1976 |
Differential effects of glucose and glyburide on energetics and Na+ levels of betaHC9 cells: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and respirometry studies.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cell Line; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glyburide; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Sodium; Succinic Acid | 2003 |
Metabolic changes in the vicinity of brain contusions: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and histology study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Injuries; Choline; Creatine; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Time Factors | 2003 |
The effect of potassium ions and glutamate on the incorporation of P-32 into nucleotides and phosphocreatine in brain slices.
Topics: Brain; Coenzymes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ions; Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Potassium | 1958 |
Perinatal iron deficiency alters the neurochemical profile of the developing rat hippocampus.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Ethanolamines; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardium; Organ Size; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2003 |
Drug-induced parkinsonism in relation to choline-containing compounds measured by 1H-MR spectroscopy in putamen of chronically medicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examination; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Phosphocreatine; Putamen; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology | 2003 |
Pyridoxine-dependent seizures: magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Damage, Chronic; Child; Choline; Consanguinity; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Intellectual Disability; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Phosphocreatine; Pyridoxine; Reference Values; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency | 2004 |
Reduced anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations in childhood OCD and major depression versus healthy controls.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Child; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Personality Assessment; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values; Synaptic Transmission | 2004 |
High-field localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in the anesthetized and in the awake monkey.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Stereoisomerism; Taurine; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Region and volume dependencies in spectral line width assessed by 1H 2D MR chemical shift imaging in the monkey brain at 7 T.
Topics: Animals; Body Water; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Ventricles; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Pilot Projects; Reproducibility of Results | 2004 |
Cultures of rat astrocytes challenged with a steady supply of glutamate: new model to study flux distribution in the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanolamines; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological; Synaptic Transmission; Transaminases; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetoencephalographic estimation of delta dipole density: a combination of techniques that may contribute to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Regression Analysis | 2005 |
Metabolic alterations in focally activated primary somatosensory cortex of alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats measured by 1H MRS at 11.7 T.
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Chloralose; Creatine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electric Stimulation; Forelimb; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatosensory Cortex | 2005 |
Short TE quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2006 |
Differences in brain chemistry in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Chemistry; Child; Comorbidity; Creatine; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Serotonin; Tissue Distribution | 2006 |
Retrovirus producer cell line metabolism: implications on viral productivity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cell Count; Cell Line, Tumor; Culture Media; Fatty Acids; Fructose; Genetic Vectors; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Retroviridae; Virus Cultivation | 2006 |
Cognitive impairment and in vivo metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenic patients: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Verbal Learning | 2007 |
Regarding "Increased prefrontal and hippocampal glutamate concentration in schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study".
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Thalamus | 2007 |
Striatal creatine and glutamate/glutamine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylphenidate; Neural Pathways; Occipital Lobe; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Reference Values | 2007 |
Brain energy metabolism and neurotransmission at near-freezing temperatures: in vivo (1)H MRS study of a hibernating mammal.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Cold Temperature; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hibernation; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Sciuridae; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 2007 |
Assessment of metabolite quantitation reproducibility in serial 3D-(1)H-MR spectroscopic imaging of human brain using stereotactic repositioning.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Reproducibility of Results; Stereotaxic Techniques | 2007 |
The effect of epileptic seizures on proton MRS visible neurochemical concentrations.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Seizures | 2008 |
Proton MRS in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Prefrontal Cortex; Protons; Schizophrenia; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic | 2010 |
Neurometabolite concentrations in gray and white matter in mild traumatic brain injury: an 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Axons; Biomarkers; Body Water; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cognition Disorders; Corpus Callosum; Creatine; Diffuse Axonal Injury; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Phosphocreatine; Young Adult | 2009 |
MR spectroscopic evaluation of N-acetylaspartate's T2 relaxation time and concentration corroborates white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Schizophrenia; Water | 2009 |
Neurochemical changes in the developing rat hippocampus during prolonged hypoglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Interindividual, repositioning, and time-of-day effects on single voxel proton MR spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors | 2010 |
Abnormal cingulate and prefrontal cortical neurochemistry in major depression after electroconvulsive therapy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Verbal Learning | 2011 |
Rare copy number deletions predict individual variation in human brain metabolite concentrations in individuals with alcohol use disorders.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; DNA Copy Number Variations; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Protons | 2011 |
Metabolomic signatures in guinea pigs infected with epidemic-associated W-Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Choline; Epidemics; Ethanolamine; Formates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lactic Acid; Lung; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolome; Multivariate Analysis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Niacinamide; Phosphocreatine; Principal Component Analysis; ROC Curve; Tuberculoma; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary | 2012 |
Altered brain metabolism after whole body irradiation in mice: a preliminary in vivo 1H MRS study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Models, Neurological; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Taurine; Thalamus; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
Neurometabolite concentration and clinical features of chronic alcohol use: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Phosphocreatine; Sex Factors | 2013 |
A prospective study of physician-observed concussion during a varsity university hockey season: metabolic changes in ice hockey players. Part 4 of 4.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Athletic Injuries; Brain; Brain Concussion; Creatine; Creatinine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hockey; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Physicians; Prospective Studies; Universities; Young Adult | 2012 |
Hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance reveals early- and late-onset changes to in vivo pyruvate metabolism in the failing heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bicarbonates; Carbon Isotopes; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiac Volume; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glycolysis; Heart Failure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Transport Proteins; Phosphocreatine; PPAR alpha; Protein Kinases; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid; Swine; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left | 2013 |
Longitudinal 1H MRS of rat forebrain from infancy to adulthood reveals adolescence as a distinctive phase of neurometabolite development.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2013 |
Effects of fat on MR-measured metabolite signal strengths: implications for in vivo MRS studies of the human brain.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Occipital Lobe; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Software; Sus scrofa | 2013 |
Preliminary differences in peripheral immune markers and brain metabolites between fatigued and non-fatigued breast cancer survivors: a pilot study.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatigue; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Interleukin-6; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Pilot Projects; Prognosis; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Survivors | 2014 |
High-energy compounds mobilize intracellular Ca2+ and activate calpain in cultured cells: is calpain an energy-dependent protease?
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alzheimer Disease; Calcium; Calpain; Cell Line, Tumor; Chelating Agents; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Dipeptides; Egtazic Acid; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Intracellular Space; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phosphocreatine; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Rotenone; Uncoupling Agents | 2014 |
Chronic social isolation decreases glutamate and glutamine levels and induces oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Catalase; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hippocampus; Hydrogen Peroxide; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Social Isolation; Superoxide Dismutase | 2015 |
Decreased thalamic glutamate level in unmedicated adult obsessive-compulsive disorder patients detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Phosphocreatine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sample Size; Severity of Illness Index; Signal Transduction; Thalamus | 2015 |
Region-specific aging of the human brain as evidenced by neurochemical profiles measured noninvasively in the posterior cingulate cortex and the occipital lobe using
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Phosphocreatine; Tritium; Young Adult | 2017 |
Temperature dependence of
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Computer Simulation; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Software; Temperature | 2017 |
Copper chloride dose-dependently alters spatial learning and memory, and glutamate levels, in the hippocampus of rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Copper; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Phosphocreatine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2018 |
Neurochemical differences between bipolar disorder type I and II in superior temporal cortices: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclothymic Disorder; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Phosphocreatine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Temporal Lobe; Young Adult | 2018 |
Diabetes and the link between neuroplasticity and glutamate in the aging human motor cortex.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Humans; Inositol; Insulin Resistance; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Neuronal Plasticity; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Prediabetic State; Theta Rhythm; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | 2019 |
Different Mechanisms Underlie the Metabolic Response of GBM Stem-Like Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Biological and MRS Studies on Effects of Photons and Carbon Ions.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioblastoma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ions; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phosphocreatine; Photons; Radiation, Ionizing | 2020 |
Neurochemistry of hyponatremic encephalopathy evaluated by MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Child; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurochemistry; Phosphocreatine; Sodium | 2020 |
An investigation of glutamate quantification with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 2021 |