casein kinase ii profile

Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5326976
CHEMBL ID	376505
SCHEMBL ID	263870
MeSH ID	M0232027

Synonym
dmat
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-n,n-dimethyl-1h-benzimidazol-2-amine
K25 ,
dimethyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1h-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-amine
SMP2_000032
1ZOE ,
DB04719
ck2 inhibitor
NCGC00093787-02
2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1h-benzimidazole
NCGC00093787-01
NCGC00093787-03
CHEMBL376505 ,
2-(dimethylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1h-benzimidazole
bdbm50156670
AKOS005137997
(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-n,n-dimethyl-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine)
HY-15535
CS-1289
749234-11-5
LP00351
SCHEMBL263870
2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole
SLPJGDQJLTYWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-n,n-dimethyl-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine
DTXSID70416119
gtpl9323
ck2 inhibitor ii
casein kinase ii
ck2inhibitor
dmat, >=98% (hplc)
dmat(ck2 inhibitor)
'dimethyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1h-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-amine'
Q27095459
ck2 inhibitor;casein kinase ii inhibitor
SDCCGSBI-0207142.P002
casein kinase ii inhibitor
Y10557
NCGC00093787-06
A917757
AS-55791

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a pleiotropic serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an essential role in the nervous system."	( CK2 inhibitor DMAT ameliorates spinal cord injury by increasing autophagy and inducing anti-inflammatory microglial polarization. Chen, L; Liu, J; Tian, J; Xie, R, 2023)	1.63
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates a large number of proteins that have critical roles in cellular proliferation, metabolism and survival."	( Signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. Bhalodia, R; Bogush, D; Desai, D; Ding, Y; Dovat, S; Gowda, C; He, B; Hengst, J; Iyer, S; Nalesnik, G; Schramm, J; Sharma, A; Singh, C; Tukaramrao, DB, 2023)	1.63
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is an intensively studied enzyme, involved in different diseases, cancer in particular. "	( QSAR Model of Indeno[1,2- Aichele, D; Berredjem, M; Bouaziz, Z; Bouzina, A; Ettouati, L; Haidar, S; Jose, J; Le Borgne, M; Marminon, C; Nacereddine, A; Zeinyeh, W, 2019)	1.96
"Casein Kinase II (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase which is expressed in platelets. "	( Evaluation of CK2 inhibitor (E)-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)acrylic acid (TBCA) in regulation of platelet function. Kim, S; Ryu, SY, 2013)	1.83
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a key role in cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. "	( Inhibition of casein kinase II reduces TGFβ induced fibroblast activation and ameliorates experimental fibrosis. Beyer, C; Dees, C; Distler, A; Distler, JH; Distler, O; Kreuter, A; Lin, NY; Palumbo, K; Schett, G; Susok, L; Zerr, P; Zhang, Y, 2015)	2.22
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a pro-oncogenic protein, which is emerging as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. "	( Casein Kinase II (CK2) as a Therapeutic Target for Hematological Malignancies. Ding, Y; Dovat, S; Gowda, C; Hartman, M; Kapadia, M; Muthusami, S; Payne, JL; Petrovic-Dovat, L; Sachdev, M; Song, C; Tan, BH, 2017)	3.34
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed and evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic protein kinase that is essential for viability."	( Casein kinase II interacts with prion protein in vitro and forms complex with native prion protein in vivo. Chen, J; Dong, C; Dong, X; Gao, C; Han, J; Lei, Y; Shan, B; Shi, Q; Shi, S; Tian, C; Wang, G; Wang, X; Zhang, B, 2008)	2.51
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a protein kinase with an evolutionarily conserved function as a circadian clock component in several organisms, including the long-day plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). "	( The role of casein kinase II in flowering time regulation has diversified during evolution. Izawa, T; Ogiso, E; Sasaki, T; Takahashi, Y; Yano, M, 2010)	2.18
"Casein Kinase II (CK2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. "	( Casein Kinase II: an attractive target for anti-cancer drug design. Ahmad, KA; Hanif, IM; Pervaiz, S; Shazib, MA, 2010)	3.25
"Casein kinase II is a heterotetramer, composed of two catalytic subunits alpha or alpha' and two regulatory beta subunits (encoded by the Csnk2b gene)."	( Search for mutations involved in human globozoospermia. Machev, N; Ménézo, Y; Pirrello, O; Schimdt, F; Terriou, P; Viville, S, 2005)	1.05
"Casein kinase II (CK2) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase that is associated with the development of neuritogenesis and synaptic plasticity. "	( Protein kinase CK2 impairs spatial memory formation through differential cross talk with PI-3 kinase signaling: activation of Akt and inactivation of SGK1. Chao, CC; Lee, EH; Ma, YL, 2007)	1.78
"Casein kinase II is a highly conserved enzyme that is essential for viability. "	( The protein kinase from mitotic human cells that phosphorylates Ser-209 on the casein kinase II beta-subunit is p34cdc2. Bosc, DG; Litchfield, DW; Slominski, E, 1995)	1.96
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a protein serine/threonine kinase known to control the activity of a variety of regulatory nuclear proteins. "	( Interactions between the subunits of casein kinase II. Gietz, RD; Graham, KC; Litchfield, DW, 1995)	2.01
"Casein kinase II is a protein serine/threonine kinase that is ubiquitously distributed in eukaryotes. "	( Casein kinase II in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Litchfield, DW; Lüscher, B, 1993)	3.17
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is an ubiquitous Ser/Thr protein phosphotransferase in control of a variety of crucial cellular functions including metabolism, signal transduction, transcription, translation and replication. "	( Human casein kinase II: structures, genes, expression and requirement in cell growth stimulation. Pyerin, W, 1994)	2.21
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a ubiquitous protein kinase, found predominantly in cell nuclei, which has two subunits in a tetrameric alpha 2 beta 2 or alpha alpha' beta 2 conformation. "	( Activity of recombinant alpha and beta subunits of casein kinase II from Xenopus laevis. Allende, CC; Allende, JE; Gatica, M; Hinrichs, MV; Jedlicki, A; Pongor, S; Tellez, R, 1993)	1.98
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase with many cellular functions, including participation in mitogenic signaling by cytoplasmic nuclear translocation (Lorenz, P., Pepperkok, R., Ansorge, W., and Pyerin, W. "	( Casein kinase II is required for transition of G0/G1, early G1, and G1/S phases of the cell cycle. Ansorge, W; Lorenz, P; Pepperkok, R; Pyerin, W, 1994)	3.17
"Casein kinase II is a heterotetramer composed of two catalytic (alpha) and two regulatory (beta) subunits. "	( Effects of autophosphorylation on casein kinase II activity: evidence from mutations in the beta subunit. Lin, WJ; Sheu, GT; Traugh, JA, 1994)	2.01
"Casein kinase II is a key regulatory enzyme involved in many cellular processes, including the control of growth and cell division. "	( The Schizosaccharomyces pombe casein kinase II alpha and beta subunits: evolutionary conservation and positive role of the beta subunit. Draetta, G; Roussou, I, 1994)	2.02
"Casein kinase II is a ubiquitous serine-threonine kinase made of two different (alpha and beta) subunits, with an alpha 2 beta 2 stoichiometry, alpha bearing the catalytic site of the enzyme. "	( Oligomeric casein kinase II isoforms are expressed in bovine tissues and adrenocortical cells in culture. Chambaz, EM; Cochet, C; Filhol, O; Loue-Mackenbach, P, 1994)	2.12
"Casein kinase II is a heterotetrameric protein kinase with an alpha 2 beta 2 composition; the subunits can be separated only under harsh denaturing conditions. "	( Renaturation of casein kinase II from recombinant subunits produced in Escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the reconstituted holoenzyme. Lin, WJ; Traugh, JA, 1993)	2.07
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a highly conserved ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase composed of two catalytically active (alpha and/or alpha') and two regulatory (beta) subunits. "	( Cell biological studies with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against human casein kinase II subunit beta demonstrate participation of the kinase in mitogenic signaling. Ansorge, W; Lorenz, P; Pepperkok, R; Pyerin, W, 1993)	1.96
"Casein kinase II is a multifunctional protein kinase which has been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. "	( Depletion of casein kinase II by antisense oligonucleotide prevents neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma cells. Avila, J; Díaz-Nido, J; Ulloa, L, 1993)	2.1
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a protein kinase acting in the intracellular cascade of reactions activated by growth factor receptors, and that has a profound influence on cell proliferation and survival. "	( Casein kinase II activity in the postischemic rat brain increases in brain regions resistant to ischemia and decreases in vulnerable areas. Hu, BR; Wieloch, T, 1993)	3.17
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of most cells. "	( Casein kinase II is required for efficient transcription by RNA polymerase III. Hockman, DJ; Schultz, MC, 1996)	3.18
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms. "	( On the physiological role of casein kinase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glover, CV, 1998)	2.03
"Casein kinase II (CKII) is a ubiquitous protein kinase composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, that can use both ATP and GTP as phosphoryl donors. "	( Sequencing of full-length cDNA encoding the alpha and beta subunits of human casein kinase II from human platelets and megakaryocytic cells. Expression of the casein kinase IIalpha intronless gene in a megakaryocytic cell line. Kalafatis, M; Singh, LS, 2002)	1.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Casein kinase II (CKII) has a subunit structure of alpha 2 beta 2 where alpha is the catalytic subunit. "	( Casein kinase II beta-subunit inhibits the activity of the catalytic alpha-subunit in the absence of salt. House, CM; Kemp, BE; Tiganis, T, 1993)	3.17
"Casein kinase II (CK2) has been shown to act as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling, and Lef-1 is a substrate of CK2."	( Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1. Sun, J; Weis, WI, 2011)	1.09
"Casein kinase II (CKII) has a subunit structure of alpha 2 beta 2 where alpha is the catalytic subunit. "	( Casein kinase II beta-subunit inhibits the activity of the catalytic alpha-subunit in the absence of salt. House, CM; Kemp, BE; Tiganis, T, 1993)	3.17
"Casein kinase II (CKII) has been shown to phosphorylate fibrinogen in vitro and accelerate gelation of the fibrinogen."	( Synergistic stimulation of fibrinogen gelation by casein kinase II and polycationic compounds. Kim, SH; Lee, JY; Suk, K, 1997)	1.27
"Casein kinase II (CKII) has been shown previously to phosphorylate syntaxin-1A in vitro and we have identified Ser14 as the CKII phosphorylation site, which is known to be phosphorylated in vivo."	( Identification of syntaxin-1A sites of phosphorylation by casein kinase I and casein kinase II. Aitken, A; Cronshaw, A; Dubois, T; Kerai, P; Learmonth, M, 2002)	1.26
"Casein kinase II (CK II) has been implicated in regulating multiple processes related to cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. "	( Casein kinase II is a predominantly nuclear enzyme. Krek, W; Maridor, G; Nigg, EA, 1992)	3.17

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Casein kinase II (CK II) plays an important role in serine/threonine dependent protein phosphorylation. "	( Effect of ethanol on nuclear casein kinase II activity in brain. Haviryaji, KS; Vemuri, MC, 1997)	2.03

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The systemic adverse events were rash, facial edema, itching, hot flashes, and localized cramps."	( Safety and preliminary efficacy data of a novel casein kinase 2 (CK2) peptide inhibitor administered intralesionally at four dose levels in patients with cervical malignancies. Acevedo, BE; Alonso, DF; Baladrón, I; Castillo, D; Díaz, A; Gómez, R; González, CA; Herrera, L; López-Saura, P; Perea, SE; Ramos, T; Santana, A; Sigman, H; Solares, AM; Valenzuela, C, 2009)	0.35
"CIGB 300 was safe and well tolerated."	( Safety and preliminary efficacy data of a novel casein kinase 2 (CK2) peptide inhibitor administered intralesionally at four dose levels in patients with cervical malignancies. Acevedo, BE; Alonso, DF; Baladrón, I; Castillo, D; Díaz, A; Gómez, R; González, CA; Herrera, L; López-Saura, P; Perea, SE; Ramos, T; Santana, A; Sigman, H; Solares, AM; Valenzuela, C, 2009)	0.35
" Here, we report on a casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor identified by its capability to maintain a functional root stem cell niche in Arabidopsis thaliana under Al toxic conditions."	( Arabidopsis casein kinase 2 triggers stem cell exhaustion under Al toxicity and phosphate deficiency through activating the DNA damage response pathway. Audenaert, D; David, P; De Jaeger, G; De Veylder, L; Demulder, M; Desnos, T; Eeckhout, D; Eekhout, T; Galle, M; Larsen, P; Loris, R; Nguyen, L; Nussaume, L; Vercauteren, I; Wei, P; Yoshiyama, KO, 2021)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In this study, the pharmacokinetic information about CX-4945 was provided; at 10 μM, CX-4945 with high stability in human and rat liver microsome exhibited low percentage of inhibition (<10 %) in CYP450 isoforms (1A2, 2C19, 3A4), but considerable inhibition (~70 %) in CYP450 2C9 and 2D6."	( Pharmacokinetic characterization of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. Kim, J; Kim, SH; Son, YH; Song, JS, 2013)	0.39
"In this study, we highlighted the large influence of siRNAs radiolabelling position on their biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles, and proposed a systematic approach for the imaging of all siRNAs of clinical interest."	( In vivo siRNA distribution and pharmacokinetics assessed by nuclear imaging are modulated according to radiolabelling site. Ahmadi, M; Berger, F; Boccard, S; Bohic, S; Briat, A; Cloetens, P; Fagret, D; Garin, D; Gauchez, AS; Ghezzi, C; Pelletier, L, 2015)	0.42

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Although drug combination therapies were originally devised primarily by empirical methods, the increased understanding of drug mechanisms and the pathways they modulate provides a unique opportunity to design combinations that are based on mechanistic rationale."	( CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 suppresses DNA repair response triggered by DNA-targeted anticancer drugs and augments efficacy: mechanistic rationale for drug combination therapy. Anderes, K; Bliesath, J; Drygin, D; Ho, CB; Huser, N; Lim, JK; Macalino, D; O'Brien, SE; Omori, M; Proffitt, C; Rice, WG; Ryckman, DM; Siddiqui-Jain, A; Streiner, N; Von Hoff, DD, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-I (IGFBP-1) alters its binding affinity for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and thus regulates the bioavailability of IGF-I for binding to the IGF-I receptor."	( Characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 kinases from human hepatoma cells. Ankrapp, DP; Clemmons, DR; Jones, JI, 1996)	0.29
" In this study, we describe CX-4945, a potent and selective orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of CK2."	( CX-4945, an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of protein kinase CK2, inhibits prosurvival and angiogenic signaling and exhibits antitumor efficacy. Anderes, K; Bliesath, J; Chua, P; Drygin, D; Ho, C; Huser, N; O'Brien, SE; Omori, M; Pierre, F; Proffitt, C; Rice, WG; Ryckman, DM; Schwaebe, MK; Siddiqui-Jain, A; Streiner, N, 2010)	0.36
"Herein we chronicle the discovery of CX-4945 (25n), a first-in-class, orally bioavailable ATP-competitive inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 in clinical trials for cancer."	( Discovery and SAR of 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic acid (CX-4945), the first clinical stage inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 for the treatment of cancer. Anderes, K; Bliesath, J; Bourbon, P; Chen, TK; Chua, PC; Darjania, L; Drygin, D; Haddach, M; Ho, C; Michaux, J; Nagasawa, J; O'Brien, SE; Omori, M; Pierre, F; Proffitt, C; Rice, WG; Ryckman, DM; Schwaebe, MK; Siddiqui-Jain, A; Stansfield, R; Stefan, E; Streiner, N; Trent, K; Vialettes, A; Whitten, JP, 2011)	0.37
" As a first orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of CK2, CX-4945 exerts anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells by inhibiting the cell cycle and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway."	( Druggability of the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 as an anticancer drug and beyond. Kim, J; Kim, SH, 2012)	0.38
" These results suggest that highly abundant nucleotide binding proteins may limit the bioavailability of the free inhibitor and interactions with CK2 in the cellular environment."	( Functional proteomics strategy for validation of protein kinase inhibitors reveals new targets for a TBB-derived inhibitor of protein kinase CK2. Bretner, M; Gyenis, L; Kuś, A; Litchfield, DW, 2013)	0.39
" CX-4945, a potent and selective orally bioavailable ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2, inhibits the oncogenic cellular events such as proliferation and angiogenesis, and the increase of tumor growth in mouse xenograft model."	( Pharmacokinetic characterization of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. Kim, J; Kim, SH; Son, YH; Song, JS, 2013)	0.39
"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), secreted by fetal liver, is a key regulator of IGF-I bioavailability and fetal growth."	( Increased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation in response to leucine deprivation is mediated by CK2 and PKC. Biggar, K; Gupta, MB; Jansson, T; Li, SS; Malkani, N; Shehab, MA, 2016)	0.43
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with decreased nutrient availability and reduced insulin-line growth factor (IGF)-I bioavailability via increased IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 phosphorylation."	( IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in response to nutrient deprivation is mediated by activation of protein kinase Cα (PKCα). Biggar, K; Chen, AW; Gupta, MB; Jansson, T; Li, C; Nathanielsz, PW; Nygard, K; Singal, S; Zhao, T, 2021)	0.62
" Belumosudil presents a promising starting point for the development of future CK2α inhibitors as it provides a safe, potent and orally bioavailable scaffold."	( Crystal structure of the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 inhibitor belumosudil bound to CK2α. Brear, P; Hyvönen, M, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In order to find an explanation for the gene dosage effect observed for heterozygous offsprings, we analysed embryos at mid-gestation (E10."	( Knocking out the regulatory beta subunit of protein kinase CK2 in mice: gene dosage effects in ES cells and embryos. Blond, O; Boldyreff, B; Buchou, T; Cochet, C; Issinger, OG; Jensen, HH, 2005)	0.33
" Hemodynamic and metabolic variables and dosage of vasopressor medications were recorded for the first 12 hours of intensive care unit admission after cardiac surgery on an electronic patient record."	( Gene polymorphism and requirement for vasopressor infusion after cardiac surgery. Duggan, E; Kelleher, D; McGovern, E; McManus, R; O'Dwyer, MJ; Ryan, AW; Ryan, R; Ryan, T; Thornton, J, 2006)	0.33
" These phenotypes are exacerbated by mutations in CK2 and suppressed by an increase in the dosage of this protein kinase."	( Drosophila CK2 regulates lateral-inhibition during eye and bristle development. Allada, R; Bidwai, AP; Bose, A; Kahali, B; Karandikar, U; Lin, JM; Zhang, S, 2006)	0.33
"Analysis of 537 glioblastomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project demonstrates the CSNK2A1 gene, encoding CK2α, has gene dosage gains in glioblastoma (33."	( Targeting protein kinase CK2 suppresses prosurvival signaling pathways and growth of glioblastoma. Bellis, SL; Benveniste, EN; Bredel, M; Drygin, D; Kim, H; McFarland, BC; Yu, H; Zheng, Y, 2013)	0.39

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	Equus caballus (horse)	Potency	28.1838	5.6234	17.2929	31.6228	AID2323
endonuclease IV	Escherichia coli	Potency	2.8184	0.7079	12.4324	31.6228	AID1708
dopamine D1 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1836	0.0052	1.3022	8.1995	AID624455
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	8.4368	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID488772; AID488773; AID588453; AID588456
ATAD5 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5464	0.0041	10.8903	31.5287	AID493106; AID493107
NFKB1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5012	0.0282	7.0559	15.8489	AID895; AID928
Thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.2589	0.0251	7.3048	31.6228	AID917; AID918
Parkin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.3761	0.8199	14.8306	44.6684	AID720572; AID720573
arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0131	1.0691	13.9551	37.9330	AID720538
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.6839	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	63.0957	0.5406	17.6392	96.1227	AID2364; AID2528
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	58.0479	0.0126	2.4518	25.0177	AID485313
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.5615	23.9341	23.9341	23.9341	AID1967
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID995
ras-related protein Rab-9A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	63.0957	0.0002	2.6215	31.4954	AID485297
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.9854	0.0037	8.6189	23.2809	AID2667; AID2668
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3096	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID463097
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.0268	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1459; AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
D(1A) dopamine receptor	Sus scrofa (pig)	Potency	1.8493	0.0037	8.1081	23.2809	AID2667
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	19.9526	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	28.1838	60.1453	89.1251	AID1347427
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Protein kinase CK2, alpha Subunit	Zea mays	Ki	0.0400	0.0400	0.0400	0.0400	AID977610
Chain A, PROTEIN KINASE CK2, alpha SUBUNIT	Zea mays	Ki	0.0400	0.0400	0.0400	0.0400	AID977610
Chain A, Protein Kinase Ck2, Alpha Subunit	Zea mays	Ki	0.0400	0.0400	0.0400	0.0400	AID977610
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.5700	0.0068	0.8665	3.5700	AID281627
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.4840	0.0027	1.6287	9.9000	AID1801065
Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1400	0.0400	0.0967	0.1400	AID1341986
Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.2300	0.0003	1.4320	10.0000	AID1915547; AID281584; AID281585; AID281586; AID281587
Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0813	0.0002	0.9011	7.6700	AID1750468; AID281584; AID634716; AID634717
Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.3800	0.0004	1.0339	10.0000	AID281629
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.3800	0.0004	1.0444	10.0000	AID281629
Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.2300	0.0003	1.4875	10.0000	AID1915547; AID281584; AID281585; AID281586; AID281587
Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0400	0.0002	1.1124	7.6700	AID1750468; AID281584
Casein kinase II subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1400	0.0400	0.0967	0.1400	AID1341986
Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.2300	0.0005	1.3332	10.0000	AID1915547; AID281584; AID281585; AID281586; AID281587
Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.8093	0.0004	1.0984	7.6700	AID1184267; AID1539763; AID1750468; AID281584; AID634648; AID634649
Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.3800	0.0005	1.4715	10.0000	AID281629
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.5000	0.0002	0.6813	9.7000	AID281625
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.2600	0.0031	0.7140	9.0120	AID1420033; AID281624
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.2800	0.0001	0.1861	1.2600	AID281626
Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1400	0.0015	1.9664	10.0000	AID1915547
Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0400	0.0004	1.8651	7.6700	AID1750468
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0364	0.0040	6.7556	88.9030	AID1801064
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
regulation of cell growth	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term memory	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell migration	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transporter activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of catalytic activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gastric acid secretion	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
renal sodium ion absorption	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to aldosterone	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesis	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
quinone catabolic process	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex development	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
liver regeneration	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitophagy	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chromosome separation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucagon	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modification	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to leptin stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cycle G1/S phase transition	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cocaine	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nitric oxide	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transport	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centriole replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heterochromatin formation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modification	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome duplication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
meiotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nitric oxide	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic substance	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adiponectin-activated signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial tube morphogenesis	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell PML body	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral life cycle	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of translation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein catabolic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chaperone-mediated protein folding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell PML body	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of aggrephagy	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chromosome separation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
male meiosis I	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemotaxis	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schwann cell development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar cortex formation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
keratinocyte differentiation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid gland development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
myelination	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
type B pancreatic cell proliferation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thymus development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of axon regeneration	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell motility	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of axonogenesis	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Bergmann glial cell differentiation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
face development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
trachea formation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta blood vessel development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
labyrinthine layer development	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of Golgi inheritance	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiation	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascade	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerization	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA splicing	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta formation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein deacetylation	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TOR signaling	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation in response to stress	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell differentiation	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
hepatocyte proliferation	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein catabolic process	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processing	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytidine deamination	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
somatic diversification of immunoglobulins	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switching	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA cytosine deamination	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA demethylation	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytidine to uridine editing	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel regulator activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel regulator activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium channel regulator activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel regulator activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
FAD binding	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
melatonin binding	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
resveratrol binding	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase regulator activity	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
MAP-kinase scaffold activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activator activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3T45 kinase activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator activity	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytidine deaminase activity	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleoplasm	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
PcG protein complex	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
acrosomal vesicle	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase CK2 complex	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)
female pronucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
male pronucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
X chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Y chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Cajal body	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin E1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin E2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
PcG protein complex	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase CK2 complex	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)
PcG protein complex	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase CK2 complex	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Sin3-type complex	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
late endosome	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase CK2 complex	Casein kinase II subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
P-body	Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347050	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID588349	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347045	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347049	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID634649	Inhibition of human CK2 alpha catalytic subunit expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as [33P]gamma-ATP incorporation into RRRADDSDDDDD substrate after 15 mins by scintillation counting	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	CK2α and CK2α' subunits differ in their sensitivity to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
AID1539763	Inhibition of CK2alpha in human PLC1 cells using (Arg)3(Glu)3Thr(Glu)3 as substrate after 24 hrs in presence of [32P]gammaGTP	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Small molecule modulators targeting protein kinase CK1 and CK2.
AID281603	Inhibition of PDK1 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281620	Inhibition of Syk at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281622	Inhibition of DYRK1A at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281589	Inhibition of cell viability in Jurkat T cells after 24 hrs by MTT method	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281629	Inhibition of CDK2/Cyclin A	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID634648	Inhibition of human CK2 alpha catalytic subunit expressed in Escherichia coli BE21 (DE3) assessed as [33P]gamma-ATP incorporation into P2B substrate after 15 mins by scintillation counting	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	CK2α and CK2α' subunits differ in their sensitivity to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
AID696315	Inhibition of CK2	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14	Modified tetrahalogenated benzimidazoles with CK2 inhibitory activity are active against human prostate cancer cells LNCaP in vitro.
AID1750468	Inhibition of CK2 (unknown origin)
AID281597	Inhibition of MAPKAPK1a at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID1420033	Inhibition of DYRK1A (unknown origin)	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics.
AID281592	Inhibition of MKK1 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281618	Inhibition of Lyn at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281609	Inhibition of AMPK at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281613	Inhibition of CDK2/Cyclin A at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281631	Inhibition of SAPK2a/p38 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281590	Induction of mitochondrial depolarization in Jurkat T cells at 1 uM	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281602	Inhibition of PKCalpha at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281615	Inhibition of at GCK at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281611	Inhibition of at Phospholipase at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281599	Inhibition of MSK1 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281601	Inhibition of PKA at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281586	Inhibition of CK2 I174A mutant	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281625	Inhibition of MKK1	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID634718	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human CK2 alpha catalytic subunit to Ki for human CK2 alpha' catalytic subunit	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	CK2α and CK2α' subunits differ in their sensitivity to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
AID281632	Induction of caspase activation assessed as PARP cleavage in Jurkat T cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281612	Inhibition of CK2 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281635	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CK2 to IC50 for MAPKAPK1a	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281623	Inhibition of PP2A at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281596	Inhibition of SAPK4/p38delta at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281584	Inhibition of CK2	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281610	Inhibition of at CHK1 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281591	Induction of mitochondrial depolarization in Jurkat T cells up to 10 uM	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281614	Inhibition of CK1 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281594	Inhibition of SAPK2b/p38--beta-2 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281634	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CK2 to IC50 for MKK	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281604	Inhibition of PKBalpha at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281595	Inhibition of SAPK3/p38gamma relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281616	Inhibition of PiD261 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281605	Inhibition of SGK at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID634717	Inhibition of human CK2 alpha' catalytic subunit expressed in Escherichia coli BE21 (DE3) assessed as [33P]gamma-ATP incorporation into RRRADDSDDDDD substrate after 15 mins by scintillation counting	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	CK2α and CK2α' subunits differ in their sensitivity to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
AID281600	Inhibition of PRAK at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281606	Inhibition of S6K1 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281627	Inhibition of SGK	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281593	Inhibition of MAPK2/ERK2 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281619	Inhibition of c-Fgr at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281585	Inhibition of CK2 V66A mutant	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281626	Inhibition of MAPKAPK1a	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281633	Induction of caspase activation assessed as HS1 protein cleavage in Jurkat T cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281630	Inhibition of JNK/SAPK1c at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281628	Inhibition of at Phospholipase	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID634716	Inhibition of human CK2 alpha' catalytic subunit expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as [33P]gamma-ATP incorporation into P2B substrate after 15 mins by scintillation counting	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	CK2α and CK2α' subunits differ in their sensitivity to 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
AID281598	Inhibition of MAPKAPK2 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281588	Inhibition of CK2 in human Jurkat T cells at 5 uM	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281624	Inhibition of DYRK1A	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281607	Inhibition of GSKbeta at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID1915547	Inhibition of human recombinant GST-tagged CK-2 using RRRADDSDDDDD as substrate incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counter analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209	Comprehensive review for anticancer hybridized multitargeting HDAC inhibitors.
AID281617	Inhibition of Lck at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID1184267	Binding affinity to CK2alpha (unknown origin)	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84	Synthesis of novel chiral TBBt derivatives with hydroxyl moiety. Studies on inhibition of human protein kinase CK2α and cytotoxicity properties.
AID281587	Inhibition of CK2 V66A, I174A mutant	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID281608	Inhibition of ROCK2 at 10 uM relative to control	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 47, Issue:25	Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
AID1801065	Inhibition of Steady-State Catalysis Assay from Article 10.1021/bi500959t: \\Quinone reductase 2 is an adventitious target of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors TBBz (TBI) and DMAT.\\	2015	Biochemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Quinone reductase 2 is an adventitious target of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors TBBz (TBI) and DMAT.
AID1801064	Fluorescence Titration Assay from Article 10.1021/bi500959t: \\Quinone reductase 2 is an adventitious target of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors TBBz (TBI) and DMAT.\\	2015	Biochemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Quinone reductase 2 is an adventitious target of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors TBBz (TBI) and DMAT.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2005	Chemistry & biology, Nov, Volume: 12, Issue:11	Inspecting the structure-activity relationship of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from tetrabromo-benzimidazole.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2 (0.06)	18.7374
1990's	721 (22.31)	18.2507
2000's	1088 (33.66)	29.6817
2010's	1164 (36.01)	24.3611
2020's	257 (7.95)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	5 (0.15%)	5.53%
Reviews	180 (5.51%)	6.00%
Case Studies	12 (0.37%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	3,071 (93.97%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	2.69	3	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	7.24	73	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.08	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
adenine [no description available]	3.36	6	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.25	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzene [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.63	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.03	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	3.5	2	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.01	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.1	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.08	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.47	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.17	5	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.41	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.07	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid
cytosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	3	4	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.02	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.95	4	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	3.16	5	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
indole [no description available]	2.81	3	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.06	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2.25	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.17	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	3.12	5	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.03	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.49	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	1.99	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.48	2	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	3.5	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	2.51	2	0	pyrazole
pyridoxal [no description available]	2.41	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.21	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	2	1	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
spermidine [no description available]	4.03	4	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	10.62	24	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
taurine [no description available]	3.85	3	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.92	4	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	2.44	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine: a positional isomer of H-7; inhibits protein kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase	1.99	1	0
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole: a CK2 kinase inhibitor	8.09	75	0
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
ag-1296 6,7-dimethoxy-3-phenylquinoxaline: ATP-competitive inhibitor of receptor kinase	2.02	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
tyrphostin 25 [no description available]	2	1	0	benzenetriol
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	1.98	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.46	2	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	1.99	1	0	benzamides
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.02	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	2.15	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.68	3	0
2-(1-(2-(1-methylpyrrolidino)ethyl)-1h-indol-3-yl)maleimide bisindolylmaleimide II: protein kinase C inhibitor; see also bisindolylmaleimide I	2.31	1	0
caffeine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
cilostazol [no description available]	2.95	4	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.25	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	2.25	1	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.93	4	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.05	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.25	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	10.78	27	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.43	2	0
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.02	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.41	6	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2	1	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
gyki 52466 GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	benzodiazepine
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	1.99	1	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.69	3	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.25	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
harmalol harmalol: inhibitor of rat liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harmalol : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is hydroxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.25	1	0	harmala alkaloid	algal metabolite; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	6.98	1	0	acetamides
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.08	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.91	4	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	piperidines
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.96	4	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.92	4	0
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.02	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
ly 303511 LY 303511: inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase	2.02	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	3.3	6	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
nocodazole [no description available]	3.27	6	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.7	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.77	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
entinostat [no description available]	3.41	1	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
n(1),n(11)-diethylnorspermine N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.68	3	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	2.02	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
nu6102 NU6102: structure in first source	3.27	1	0
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.02	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.1	5	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.69	3	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor	2.01	1	0	aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine	beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.31	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source. quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.	5.34	16	0	tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.41	2	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	2.01	1	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	morpholines
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
imatinib [no description available]	3.41	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	3.41	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.69	3	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
temozolomide [no description available]	2.66	2	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.11	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	2.03	1	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.01	1	0
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.42	2	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	3.46	7	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.05	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aldosterone [no description available]	2.76	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	6.34	49	0
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.53	2	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.06	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.6	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	5.5	25	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	8.99	283	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	3.8	11	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	4.06	14	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.41	2	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.04	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.72	3	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	3.03	4	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.02	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.04	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.15	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	1.98	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	2.05	1	0	azobenzenes
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	5.86	30	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	3.44	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	3.39	7	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.43	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.41	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
etimizol Etimizol: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.	2.47	2	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.91	4	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	3.26	6	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.08	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.05	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.21	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	3.51	8	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.06	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	11.52	59	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	2.46	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	3.26	6	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methanesulfonic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0	alkanesulfonic acid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.45	2	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.06	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2.17	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
isopentane [no description available]	2.06	1	0	alkane	refrigerant
acrylamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	carbazole
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.08	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.04	1	0	xanthene
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	3.96	12	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benzothiophene [no description available]	1.99	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.31	1	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.06	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.78	3	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.25	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.42	2	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
propylene propylene: structure	2.21	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
isoquinoline [no description available]	1.99	1	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.04	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	purine nucleoside
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.7	3	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.85	11	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	3.16	5	0	indazole
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.95	4	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.1	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	3.88	11	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.02	1	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.18	5	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.02	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.06	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.11	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
boldine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.03	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.41	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.17	1	0
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	2.39	2	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.79	3	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	1.99	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.39	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.48	2	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	2	1	0
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	2	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.77	3	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.44	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.82	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.02	1	0	bis(azo) compound
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.43	2	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	2.52	2	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	2.15	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.05	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	2.05	1	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lauryl gallate [no description available]	2	1	0	gallate ester
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.41	2	0
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.08	1	0
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	4.7	9	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.08	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted ethylenediamine compound having 1-naphthyl as the substituent.	1.98	1	0	N-substituted diamine
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.	2.02	1	0
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	1.99	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.02	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	1.98	1	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.06	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	3.25	6	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
ecdysone [no description available]	2.41	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.08	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	1.98	1	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	2.01	1	0	dioxolane
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.44	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
lanthanum [no description available]	2	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	3.38	7	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.6	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.07	1	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.46	2	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.16	5	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	2.49	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.84	3	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.13	5	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	1.98	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.78	3	0	diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.21	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.05	1	0	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	iron coordination entity
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.55	2	0	dihydrogen
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.04	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	3.06	1	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.05	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.46	2	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.07	1	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	4.09	15	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides [no description available]	2.41	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.08	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	3.5	8	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.73	3	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.	2.17	1	0
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.01	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	7.39	2	0
alkenes [no description available]	2.21	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	3.8	11	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	2.93	4	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	1.99	1	0
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.88	3	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	8.25	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.1	1	0
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	2.1	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
staurosporine [no description available]	3.27	1	0	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.63	3	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.03	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.8	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.54	2	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
3-n-butylphthalide 3-n-butylphthalide: isolated from phenolic part of Ligusticum wallichii Franch; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	benzofurans
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.69	3	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.93	4	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.45	2	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.02	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
2'-deoxyuridylic acid 2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.49	2	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.58	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.01	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.4	2	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	2.42	2	0	purine nucleoside
bendamustine [no description available]	3.41	1	0	benzimidazoles
pyrrolo(1,2-a)quinoxaline pyrrolo(1,2-a)quinoxaline: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	7.46	88	0	1,2,3-triazole
harmol harmol: harmol is oxidized form of alkaloid harmolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.27	1	0	harmala alkaloid
resorufin [no description available]	2.97	4	0	phenoxazine
buparvaquone buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
zidovudine triphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
norspermine 3,3,3-tetramine : A polyazaalkane consisting of a 13-membered straight chain alkane with aza-groups at the 1-, 5-, 9- and 13-positions.	1.99	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine
vanadium dioxide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	vanadium oxide
5,7-dimethoxyflavone chrysin 5,7-dimethyl ether : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin.	2.06	1	0	dimethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.68	3	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	2	1	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid 5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0
5-iodotubercidin 7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase	2.21	1	0	organoiodine compound
diosgenin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
n-hydroxysuccinimide suberic acid ester disuccinimidyl suberate: used as protein cross-linking agent	1.98	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.69	3	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.44	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
ici 164384 ICI 164384: structure given in first source. ICI-164384 : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.	2.03	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; tertiary carboxamide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.08	1	0
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.5	2	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
epibatidine epibatidine: a powerful, though toxic, pain killer produced by the poison arrow frog, Epipedobates tricolor; structure given in first source; more potent than morphine but acts at nicotine rather than opiate receptors	2.11	1	0
n-(2'-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide [no description available]	3.41	1	0
benzamil [no description available]	2.17	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.96	4	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
astilbin astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	2.17	1	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	2.08	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.07	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	3.56	7	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.84	3	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	2.03	1	0	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	2.69	3	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein 5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium: a cyanylating agent for the activation of polysaccharide resins	1.99	1	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	2.71	3	0
t-butyloxycarbonyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
ro 32-0432 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.08	1	0
cki 7 N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide: casein kinase I inhibitor; structure given in first source. N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is isoquinoline-8-sulfonamide which is substituted by chlorine at position 5 and in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is an inhibitor of casein kinase I.	4.02	4	0	isoquinolines; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.	2.94	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.64	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.	3.54	2	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	3.41	1	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.05	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	3.55	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.74	3	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	4.21	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.7	3	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indoles; maleimides
erlotinib [no description available]	3.41	1	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	2.8	3	0	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
etravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
lapatinib [no description available]	3.41	1	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
sorafenib [no description available]	3.63	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	3.23	5	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.41	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole: inhibits transcript elongation	2.46	2	0
bortezomib [no description available]	2.51	2	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.1	1	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.16	5	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.45	2	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.42	2	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
leptomycin b [no description available]	2.94	4	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.96	4	0
bradykinin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.4	2	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.17	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
dopaquinone [no description available]	2.17	1	0	1,2-benzoquinones; amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.5	2	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.1	1	0	cellotriose
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.03	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
eugeniin eugeniin: structure in first source. eugeniin : An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1.	2	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; ellagitannin; gallate ester; lactone	anti-HSV-1 agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.15	1	0
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2	1	0	tripeptide
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2	1	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.41	1	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.03	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	4.07	4	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.98	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.69	3	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.46	7	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.74	3	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.61	2	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.44	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
neocarzinostatin chromophore neocarzinostatin chromophore: nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin; antibiotic activity of Neocarzinostatin depends on wholy on chromophore interaction with DNA; Chrom A & Chrom B are separated by HPLC; Chrom C is derived from Chrom A; Chrom D is inactive minor component. neocarzinostatin chromophore : A naphthoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of (1aS,5R,6R,6aE,9aR)-5-hydroxy-1a-[(4R)-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,3,8,9-tetradehydro-1a,5,6,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[5,6]cyclonona[1,2-b]oxiren-6-yl 2,6-dideoxy-2-(methylamino)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. The chromophoric part of neocarzinostatin, it is tightly and non-covelently bound to a 113-membered apoprotein, which serves to protect it and release it to the target DNA.	2.69	3	0	cyclopentacyclononaoxirene; D-galactosaminide; dioxolane; monosaccharide derivative; naphthoate ester	antineoplastic agent
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.46	2	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	1.99	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;	3.27	1	0	purvalanol
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	1.99	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	3.16	5	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
N-ethylharmine N-ethylharmine : A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is 9H-beta-carboline substituted by a ethyl group at position 9, methoxy group at position 7 and a methyl group at position 1. It is semisynthetic derivative of harmine and has been shown to exhibit significant anti-HIV activity.	3.27	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-carbolines; semisynthetic derivative	anti-HIV agent
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.13	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
glycosides [no description available]	2.31	1	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.62	8	0	isomethyleugenol
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.94	4	0	stilbene
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.02	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
fludarabine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	purine nucleoside
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;	1.99	1	0
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.42	2	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.17	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe for living cells; structure in first source. 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium : A pyridinium cation obtained by methylation at position 1 of 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)pyridine	2.25	1	0	pyridinium ion
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	3.14	5	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.05	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	2.21	1	0
tg 003 TG 003: a Clk inhibitor; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.02	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.52	2	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	1.99	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.46	2	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.45	2	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.31	1	0
srpin340 SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor	2.11	1	0
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	2.4	2	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.03	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
gamma-bisabolene [no description available]	2.13	1	0	gamma-bisabolene
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.41	2	0
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.01	1	0
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.08	1	0	benzazepine
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	4.17	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	3.41	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	1.98	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	4.26	18	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.46	2	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
fh535 FH535: inhibits Wnt signaling	2.07	1	0	sulfonamide
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.92	4	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	1.99	1	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	1.99	1	0
4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole: structure in first source	6.53	24	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.4	2	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	5.21	15	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.43	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	11.03	35	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	7.69	3	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.6	1	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.07	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.08	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.	2.15	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	3.41	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.4	2	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	3.62	2	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.51	8	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.48	2	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
ophiobolin a ophiobolin A: sesterterpene; phytotoxin produced by plant pathogen Helminthosporium maydis; natural product inhibitor of calmodulin; RN refers to (18R)-isomer; structure given in first source. ophiobolin A : A sesterterpenoid that is ophiobolane with a hydroxy group at position 3, oxo groups at positions 5 and 25, double bonds at positions 7-8 and 19-20, and an oxygen link between positions 14 and 18.	2.02	1	0	cyclic ketone; enal; oxaspiro compound; sesterterpenoid; tertiary alcohol
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.48	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.76	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
fisetin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	4.14	4	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.31	1	0	oligosaccharide
ellagic acid [no description available]	4.27	5	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
n,n-dimethylsphingenine N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	1.99	1	0	aminodiol; sphingoid; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.	7.92	4	0
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	3.56	8	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
brefeldin a [no description available]	1.99	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	2.25	1	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	2.46	2	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.01	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	2.1	1	0
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	2.01	1	0	piperazines
ag-490 [no description available]	2.01	1	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.1	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	chalcones
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.57	2	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	2.25	1	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.51	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	2.02	1	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.47	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.01	1	0
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.94	4	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	2.02	1	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
3,8-dihydroxy-6h-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one: metabolite of ellagic acid	2.06	1	0	coumarins	geroprotector
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	3.85	11	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
3,8-dibromo-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one 3,8-dibromo-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one: structure in first source	3.87	3	0	hydroxycoumarin
mastoparan [no description available]	2.01	1	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	2.05	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2	1	0
maxacalcitol maxacalcitol: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
d 4476 [no description available]	3.31	1	0	imidazoles
hygromycin a hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B	1.99	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2.03	1	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.51	2	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source	2.01	1	0	organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
aurone [no description available]	2.25	1	0	aurones; cyclic ketone
beta-escin [no description available]	2.15	1	0
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.42	2	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	3.51	8	0	ammonium ion derivative
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	1.99	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)indazole-3-carbohydrazide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
pd 0325901 mirdametinib: has antineoplastic activity; appears to be a MEK inhibitor. PD 0325901 : A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).	2.52	2	0	difluorobenzene; hydroxamic acid ester; monofluorobenzenes; organoiodine compound; propane-1,2-diols; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
knk 437 KNK 437: inhibits thermotolerance acquisition and heat shock protein induction in colon carcinoma cells; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.1	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
1,3-bis(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-ol 1,3-bis(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-ol: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
mer nf5003f stachybotrydial: a pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitor; also inhibits fucosyltransferase and sialyltransferase; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
methionine sulfoxide methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine S-oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.1	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	11.12	22	0
3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid 3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid: inhibits lactate dehydrogenase A	2.17	1	0
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	2.03	1	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
abt-737 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
nutlin-3a nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
idelalisib idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.08	1	0	aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
fostamatinib fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406	2.17	1	0
4-(3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3h-imidazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamine PF-670462 free base : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by cyclohexyl, p-fluorophenyl, and 2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl groups, respectively. It is a selective inhibitor of the delta- and epsilon-isoforms of casein kinase 1 (CK1delta and CK1epsilon).	3.31	1	0	aminopyrimidine; imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
phytic acid inositol pentaphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.03	1	0	inositol phosphate
td-5108 TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.93	4	0	benzoxazole
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.95	4	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2.05	1	0
chidamide [no description available]	3.41	1	0	benzamides
thienopyrimidine thienopyrimidine: structure in first source. thienopyrimidine : A class of aromatic heterobicyclic compounds each of which contains a pyrimidine ring ortho fused to a 5-membered thiophene ring.	2.06	1	0
ginsenoside rh1 ginsenoside Rh1: RN given for (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-isomer. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position.	7.6	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.91	4	0
kt 5926 KT 5926: indolocarbazole; structure given in first source. KT 5926 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 5-propoxy-1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	1.99	1	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.16	5	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	2.13	1	0	polypeptide
hes1 protein, human HES1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_005524	2.42	2	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
lactoferricin b lactoferricin B: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.01	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.04	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.9	4	0	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.25	1	0
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.13	1	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
(e)-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)acrylic acid (E)-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)acrylic acid: casein kinase II inhibitor	3.91	3	0
gdc 0941 pictrelisib : A sulfonamide composed of indazole, morpholine, and methylsulfonyl-substituted piperazine rings bound to a thienopyrimidine ring.	3.41	1	0	indazoles; morpholines; piperazines; sulfonamide; thienopyrimidine	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	3.27	6	0
icotinib [no description available]	2.57	2	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	1.99	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
hygromycin b [no description available]	1.99	1	0
cx 4945 [no description available]	8.7	108	0
cudc 101 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
gdc 0449 HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity	2.61	2	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist; teratogenic agent
pci 32765 ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.	2.52	2	0	acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	benzyl alcohols; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; mTOR inhibitor
plx4032 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
INDY INDY : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole substituted by 2-oxopropylidene, ethyl, and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 5, respectively. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B (IC50 of 0.24 muM and 0.23 muM, respectively).	3.27	1	0	benzothiazoles; enone; organic hydroxy compound	antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; EC 2.7.12.1 (dual-specificity kinase) inhibitor
glycolipids [no description available]	1.98	1	0
elafin Elafin: A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG.	2.05	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.01	4	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	4.11	3	1
dabrafenib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
cblc137 CBLC137: a FACT histone chaperone inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. CBL0137 : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 9H-carbazole which is substituted by acetyl groups at positions 3 and 6, and by a 2-isopropylethyl group on the nitrogen atom (position 9). It is a modulator of histone chaperone FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) - interaction of CBL0137 with the FACT complex results in simultaneous NF-kappa beta suppression, Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) suppression and p53 activation - and shows antitumour effects in animal models of various cancers.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; carbazoles; methyl ketone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; p53 activator
abemaciclib [no description available]	3.41	1	0
dinaciclib [no description available]	2.41	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	1.98	1	0
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.82	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
isoquercitrin [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cx 5011 [no description available]	3.31	1	0
acy-1215 ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.41	1	0	pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	6.98	1	0
pf 4800567 PF-4800567 : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl and (m-chlorophenoxy)methyl groups, respectively. It is a selective inhibitor of the epsilon isoform of casein kinase 1 (CK1epsilon).	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; oxanes; pyrazolopyrimidine	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	1.98	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.46	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.7	3	0
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.31	6	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	3.82	11	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	4.07	14	0
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	3.95	13	0	ketal
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.11	1	0	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
osimertinib osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. osimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.	3.41	1	0	acrylamides; aminopyrimidine; biaryl; indoles; monomethoxybenzene; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.55	8	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	5.96	34	0
ellagitannin ellagitannin: structure; precoxin A/ praecoxin A is a purified ellagitannin. ellagitannin : A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.	2	1	0
cigb-300 CIGB-300: a synthetic proapoptotic peptide that impairs the CK2 phosphorylation and exhibits anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo. CIGB-300 : A synthetic 25-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of a 14-membered linear component attached to an 11-membered cyclic portion. A CK2 inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity.	7.45	13	3	heterodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.15	1	0
kr 31378 N''-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine: KR-31378 is the (2S,3S,4R)-isomer; acts against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	2.45	2	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.4	2	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.73	3	0
inostamycin inostamycin: inhibits cystidine 5'-diphosphate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol inositol transferase; from Streptomyces; reverses drug resistance; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
triciribine triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.	2.31	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	7.7	3	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	2.13	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	7	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.45	2	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.05	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.17	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.41	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diguanosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-guanosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	1.98	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.5	8	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	5.28	52	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	3.57	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	2.01	1	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	2.42	2	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.11	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.06	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
tyrphostin ag 1112 tyrphostin AG 1112: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	2	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
hematein hematein: structure. hematein : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is -6a,7-dihydrobenzo[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-9-one carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 6a and 10.	7.79	3	0
8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	purine nucleoside
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	3.16	1	0	oxopurine
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.07	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
formycin b formycin B: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.02	1	0	formycin
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	2.02	1	0
magnesium gtp magnesium GTP: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd Mg salt	2.39	2	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate: a mutagenic oxidized form of dGTP	2.07	1	0
eye [no description available]	3.41	7	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.99	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	3.87	12	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.05	1	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.83	3	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	8.02	48	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	8.02	48	1
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	3.09	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	6.38	57	0
Itching [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.21	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.21	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.6	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.45	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	5.25	19	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	5.51	15	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	5.25	19	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	5.51	15	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.82	11	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	3.45	7	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.82	11	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.06	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	4.3	18	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	4.36	19	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	4.3	18	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	4.36	19	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	3.71	3	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	3.71	3	0
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.07	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	5.35	21	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	5.35	21	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	2.03	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	11.61	46	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	6.61	46	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	8.83	11	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.78	3	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	5.4	12	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	5.4	12	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.23	5	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	2.58	2	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	9.63	77	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	9.63	77	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	8.06	4	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.06	4	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.9	3	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.41	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.31	5	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	3.31	5	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.68	9	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	5.17	7	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	6.61	17	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	6.61	17	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.41	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	5.28	47	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	4.13	14	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	5.28	47	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	4.13	14	0
Brain Atrophy, Circumscribed Lobar [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	2.41	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	4.79	11	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	4.79	11	0
Pick Disease of the Brain A rare form of DEMENTIA that is sometimes familial. Clinical features include APHASIA; APRAXIA; CONFUSION; ANOMIA; memory loss; and personality deterioration. This pattern is consistent with the pathologic findings of circumscribed atrophy of the poles of the FRONTAL LOBE and TEMPORAL LOBE. Neuronal loss is maximal in the HIPPOCAMPUS, entorhinal cortex, and AMYGDALA. Some ballooned cortical neurons contain argentophylic (Pick) bodies. (From Brain Pathol 1998 Apr;8(2):339-54; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1057-9)	2.41	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	2.94	3	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	3.22	5	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	4.05	13	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	4.05	13	0
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	2.53	2	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.41	1	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	2.84	3	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.37	5	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	3.18	4	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	3.18	4	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	3.37	5	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	4.96	12	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	4.24	16	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	4.24	16	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.69	2	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.27	5	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	8.27	5	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.6	1	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	2.58	2	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	3.06	4	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	3.06	4	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	4.91	10	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	4.91	10	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	6.37	14	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	6.37	14	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	4.5	21	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	4.5	21	0
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	3.11	4	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	2.6	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	3.18	5	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	2.6	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	3.18	5	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.6	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	3.05	4	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.44	2	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	4.45	4	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	4.45	4	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.85	3	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.6	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	4.08	13	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	4.08	13	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	5.32	20	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	5.32	20	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	3.01	4	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	3.84	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	3.84	3	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	5.58	25	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	5.58	25	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	4.22	3	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.9	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	4.22	3	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	3.9	4	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	5.69	28	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	5.69	28	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	4.95	13	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.77	3	0
Child Mental Disorders [description not available]	5	12	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	5.48	13	0
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	2.93	3	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	5.48	13	0
Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).	5	12	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	5.28	8	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	5.28	8	0
Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).	2.25	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	2.25	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	4.63	8	0
Aura [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	4.45	4	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	4.63	8	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.63	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	4.45	4	0
Metastase [description not available]	3.8	10	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	7.44	25	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.8	10	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	2.25	1	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	7.25	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	4.81	11	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	2.25	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2.85	3	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	2.85	3	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	5.63	12	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	5.63	12	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.25	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	2.25	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	2.25	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	8.66	3	0
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cleidocranial Digital Dysostosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	2.25	1	0
Aerobic Glycolysis, Oncologic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	6.21	11	1
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.25	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	2.55	2	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Benign Symmetrical Lipomatosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	2.45	2	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	2.31	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.31	1	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	2.53	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	3.84	10	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	3.84	10	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	3	4	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	2.57	2	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	8	4	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	2.31	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.78	3	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	2.31	1	0
Macrocephaly [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	2.61	2	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	2.74	3	0
Ciliopathies Genetic disorders caused by defects in genes related to the primary CILIUM; BASAL BODY; or CENTROSOME. Primary features may include obesity, SKELETAL DYSPLASIA; POLYDACTYLY and malformations that primarily involve the liver, eye or kidneys.	2.31	1	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	5.08	6	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	5.08	6	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	3.46	2	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	3.23	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	3.23	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	3.46	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	3.18	5	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	3.18	5	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	2.57	2	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	2.15	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	2.8	3	0
Epiphora [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.	2.15	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	2.15	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.15	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.15	1	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.59	8	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.59	8	0
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)	2.15	1	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	2.55	2	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).	2.15	1	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	3.22	5	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	4.91	13	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.75	3	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	2.15	1	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	2.15	1	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.59	8	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	3.59	8	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.17	5	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.15	1	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	2.15	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	3.76	3	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	3.76	3	0
Body Dysmorphic Disorders Preoccupations with appearance or self-image causing significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.	2.54	2	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	2.15	1	0
Ganglioglioma Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.	2.15	1	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	2.15	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	3	4	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	3.76	3	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	3.76	3	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	4.97	8	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	4.97	8	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	3.37	6	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	3.37	6	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	3.45	7	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.99	4	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.99	4	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.15	1	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	2.15	1	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.17	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.17	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.52	2	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.17	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	3.64	3	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.17	1	0
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.17	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.69	9	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.69	9	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.37	4	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	7.4	32	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	4.07	5	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	8.32	6	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	4.07	5	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.76	6	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.76	6	1
Retinal Dystrophies A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues.	2.17	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.76	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.48	2	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.48	2	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	2.17	1	0
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	2.17	1	0
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.	2.17	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	5	9	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	10	9	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	4.35	7	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	4.35	7	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.17	1	0
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	2.21	1	0
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.	2.21	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	2.21	1	0
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Progeria An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.	2.21	1	0
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	3.53	2	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	3.95	4	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	3.95	4	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	3.26	6	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.44	2	0
Nanism [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	2.21	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	3.53	8	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	2.7	3	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	3.77	10	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	3.77	10	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.5	2	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.79	3	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	2.52	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.93	4	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	3.37	2	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	2.5	2	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.08	1	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	2.11	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	3.5	7	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	3.5	7	0
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.	2.1	1	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.1	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.5	2	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	3.15	5	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	3.3	6	0
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.1	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.1	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.44	2	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.51	2	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.1	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.97	4	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.1	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.1	1	0
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	2.1	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.1	1	0
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	2.1	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.1	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	2.48	2	0
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.1	1	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	2.46	2	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	2.11	1	0
Seminoma A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.11	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.11	1	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Excessive Periodic Sleep-Related Leg Movements [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	2.11	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	2.11	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	2.11	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.7	3	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	2.11	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	2.49	2	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.98	4	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.11	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	2.52	2	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	2.11	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.11	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.47	2	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2.46	2	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.46	2	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.11	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.53	2	0
Carditis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.11	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	4.35	4	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	3.04	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	4.35	4	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	3.89	4	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	3.89	4	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	2.54	2	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	2.13	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	2.11	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.11	1	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.48	2	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.79	3	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	2.13	1	0
Angiomatosis Retinae [description not available]	2.13	1	0
von Hippel-Lindau Disease An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions.	2.13	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.73	3	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	3.42	2	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	3.35	2	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.94	4	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	3.64	3	0
Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.	2.13	1	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	2.13	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Ph 1 Chromosome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.46	2	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.49	2	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	2.15	1	0
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	2.15	1	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.15	1	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.04	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	2.04	1	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	2.72	3	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.32	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.71	3	0
Infections, Parvoviridae [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2.45	2	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2.05	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2.05	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	2.93	4	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.05	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.05	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.05	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	3.43	1	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	3.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	2.71	3	0
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)	2.05	1	0
Adipocere [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.7	3	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	2.92	4	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma 2 [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. Alveolar refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)	2.46	2	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.05	1	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	2.05	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	2.05	1	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.98	1	0
Myxoid Liposarcoma [description not available]	7.05	1	0
Liposarcoma, Myxoid A liposarcoma containing round mesenchymal cells and a myxoid extracellular matrix in stroma.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.99	4	0
Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.	2.46	2	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.06	1	0
Infections, Rhabdoviridae [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Erythremia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	2.06	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.45	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.06	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	2.06	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	2.06	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.06	1	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	2.06	1	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	2.06	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.07	1	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	2.07	1	0
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	2.07	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Acrocephalosyndactylia Congenital craniostenosis with syndactyly.	2.99	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.07	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	3.87	2	0
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.	2.08	1	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	2.01	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	2.01	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	3.32	2	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	3.63	3	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	3.63	3	0
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	2.02	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.02	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.69	3	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.93	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.42	2	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	2.02	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.02	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.02	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	2.02	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.02	1	0
Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.69	3	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	4.03	5	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	2.03	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	2.03	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	2.03	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.44	2	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	2.03	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	2.04	1	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	2.04	1	0
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Rida [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Familial Fatal Insomnia [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	2.04	1	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	2.9	1	0
Corridor Disease [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice.	1.98	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)	1.98	1	0
Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available]	1.98	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2.69	3	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	1.99	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Orchitis Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.	1.99	1	0
Diabetes, Phosphate [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Hypophosphatemia, Familial An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.	1.99	1	0
ARPKD [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	1.99	1	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive A genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS and associated LIVER lesions. Serious manifestations are usually present at BIRTH with high PERINATAL MORTALITY.	1.99	1	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	1.99	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	1.99	1	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	1.99	1	0
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.	1.99	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2	1	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	4.08	3	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	4.08	3	1
Congenital Epulides [description not available]	2	1	0
Angina at Rest [description not available]	2	1	0
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2	1	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	2	1	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	2	1	0
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	2	1	0
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	2	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	2.01	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2.01	1	0

casein kinase ii

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