## 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
**What it is:**
1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a **stable free radical** commonly used in research. It is a purple solid with the chemical formula C₁₉H₁₂N₅O₆.
**Structure:**
DPPH consists of a picryl group (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) attached to a diphenylhydrazyl radical. The unpaired electron in the nitrogen atom gives the molecule its free radical character, making it a powerful oxidizing agent.
**Why it's important for research:**
DPPH is a critical tool in various research fields, primarily due to its ability to **measure antioxidant activity**. Its importance stems from the following factors:
* **Stable Free Radical:** DPPH remains stable in solution, making it suitable for long-term studies.
* **Colorimetric Assay:** DPPH is a **deep purple** color in its oxidized form. When it reacts with an antioxidant, the purple color fades, which can be measured spectrophotometrically. This color change directly correlates with the antioxidant capacity of the tested substance.
* **Wide Applicability:** The DPPH assay is widely used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of various compounds, including:
* **Natural products:** Plants, fruits, vegetables, and other natural sources.
* **Synthetic compounds:** Pharmaceuticals, food additives, and other synthetic materials.
* **Biological samples:** Blood, serum, and tissue extracts.
**How it works:**
DPPH readily accepts an electron from antioxidants. This reduction reaction removes the free radical character of DPPH, leading to the fading of its purple color. The extent of color fading is directly proportional to the antioxidant capacity of the sample.
**Applications:**
* **Drug discovery:** Identifying potential antioxidant drugs for various diseases like cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.
* **Food science:** Assessing the antioxidant properties of food ingredients and determining their shelf-life.
* **Cosmetics:** Evaluating the antioxidant potential of skincare products and their ability to protect against free radical damage.
* **Environmental research:** Investigating the antioxidant activity of natural compounds for pollution control and remediation.
**Limitations:**
* **Specificity:** DPPH does not differentiate between different antioxidant mechanisms. It only measures the ability to donate an electron to DPPH.
* **Solvent dependency:** The results can vary depending on the solvent used in the assay.
* **Potential for interferences:** Some compounds can interfere with the DPPH assay, leading to inaccurate results.
**Overall:** DPPH is a valuable tool for research, enabling scientists to assess antioxidant properties efficiently and screen potential antioxidants for various applications.
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 2735032 |
| MeSH ID | M0046153 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| unii-dfd3h4vgdh |
| dfd3h4vgdh , |
| 4-15-00-01210 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| einecs 217-591-8 |
| ai3-61739 |
| brn 1846081 |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (free radical) |
| nsc 12562 |
| 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl |
| 1898-66-4 |
| D0909 |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical |
| AKOS015903538 |
| D4313 |
| 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-hydrazyl (dpph) |
| 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (free radical) [mi] |
| 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (free radical) |
| AMY22321 |
| DTXSID90883768 |
| AKOS040733020 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " In this work, we aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of curcuminoids and their hydrogenated metabolites from a medicinal chemistry point of view, by determining a set of key pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluating antioxidant potential in relation to such properties." | ( Pharmacokinetics-Driven Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Curcuminoids and Their Major Reduced Metabolites-A Medicinal Chemistry Approach. Balogh, GT; Fülöp, F; Girst, G; Hunyadi, A; Ötvös, SB, 2021) | 0.62 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Three main methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis combined with 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, DPPH spiking HPLC analysis, on-line post-column HPLC-DPPH analysis, and HPLC-based DPPH activity profiling, were then developed for the rapid screening of antioxidants from complex mixtures." | ( Comparative evaluation of three methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis combined with a 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay for the rapid screening of antioxidants from Pueraria lobata flowers. Chen, XQ; Peng, MJ; Shi, SY; Xiong, X; Zhang, YP, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The results of this study showed that alkaloid compounds in combination with antifungal references (Nystatin and Clotrimazole) exhibited antimicrobial effects against candida strains tested." | ( Free radical scavenging capacity, anticandicidal effect of bioactive compounds from Sida cordifolia L., in combination with nystatin and clotrimazole and their effect on specific immune response in rats. Konaté, K; Lepengué, AN; M'Batchi, B; Ouédraogo, M; Sawadogo, LL; Souza, A, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " To more comprehensively evaluate the quality of wine-fried Dipsaci Radix, HPLC fingerprint combined with content of asperosaponin VI and AA may be a reasonable and practical approach." | ( Chromatographic fingerprint combined with content of asperosaponin VI and antioxidant activity for quality evaluation of wine-fried Dipsaci Radix. Chu, G; Duan, X; Li, Z; Liu, X; Nie, L; Song, L; Wang, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary quercetin in combination with α-tocopherol on growth performance, antioxidant potential, lipid stability and fatty acid composition in breast meat of birds." | ( Lipid stability, antioxidant potential and fatty acid composition of broilers breast meat as influenced by quercetin in combination with α-tocopherol enriched diets. Butt, MS; Shabbir, MA; Shahid, M; Sohaib, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The aim of this study was to: (a) develop a simple, high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method combined with direct 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to rapidly assess and compare free radical scavenging activity or anti-oxidant activity for major classes of polyphenolics present in wines; and (b) to investigate relationship between free radical scavenging activity to the total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the wine samples." | ( Development and validation of a simple high performance thin layer chromatography method combined with direct 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay to quantify free radical scavenging activity in wine. Agatonovic-Kustrin, S; Morton, DW; Yusof, AP, 2016) | 0.85 |
| "An in-capillary 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-CE-the DAD (in-capillary DPPH-CE-DAD) combined with reversed-electrode polarity stacking mode has been developed to screen and quantify the active antioxidant components of Cuscuta chinensis Lam." | ( The in-capillary DPPH-capillary electrophoresis-the diode array detector combined with reversed-electrode polarity stacking mode for screening and quantifying major antioxidants in Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Azietaku, JT; Chang, YX; Gao, XM; Li, J; Liu, J; Tian, J; Zhang, BL, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " fruticosa leaves extracts (PFE) combined with green tea polyphenols (GTP) were studied to elucidate their use in combination and find specific combinations with least concentrations that enhance the antioxidant activity." | ( Synergistic Effects of Potentilla fruticosa L. Leaves Combined with Green Tea Polyphenols in a Variety of Oxidation Systems. Jia, C; Li, D; Liu, Z; Luo, Z; Wang, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Taken together, the results suggest that phytochemical fingerprinting in combination with multiple bioassays could be used as a strategy to determine whether plant-derived multivitamins could provide additional health benefits beyond their nutritional value." | ( Verifying Identities of Plant-Based Multivitamins Using Phytochemical Fingerprinting in Combination with Multiple Bioassays. Ahn, YH; Kwon, O; Lim, Y; Park, KS; Yoo, JK, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The study demonstrated that five-wavelength overall fused fingerprints combined with antioxidant activity assay provided a reliable and efficient method for the assessment of quality of TCM and herbal preparations." | ( Comprehensively Evaluating the Quality Consistency of Liuwei Dihuang Pill by Five-Wavelength Overall Fused HPLC Fingerprints Combined with Simultaneous Determination and Antioxidant Activity. Ma, D; Sun, G; Yan, B; Yang, L, 2017) | 0.46 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " In the present study we examined the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of these epimers compared with their corresponding precursors." | ( Comparison of antioxidant activity and bioavailability of tea epicatechins with their epimers. Chang, Q; Chen, ZY; Huang, Y; Xu, JZ; Yeung, SY, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " In addition, the yeast-encapsulated resveratrol exhibited good stability, and its bioavailability was enhanced as a result of increased solubility of resveratrol and sustained releasing." | ( Stabilization and encapsulation of photosensitive resveratrol within yeast cell. Ji, R; Rao, L; Shi, G; Xiang, H; Yang, H; Yu, H, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " These observations provide further support, beyond the well-known antibacterial and antiviral activities of the Eucalyptus plant, for its reported use in traditional medicine such as in the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases, considering the important role of ROS and RNS in the inflammatory process, although further studies are needed to prove the bioavailability of the antioxidants/antibacterial compounds of the extract as well as the ability of the active compounds to reach specific tissues and to act in them." | ( Oxygen and nitrogen reactive species are effectively scavenged by Eucalyptus globulus leaf water extract. Almeida, IF; Andrade, PB; Bahia, MF; Costa, PC; Fernandes, E; Lima, JL; Seabra, RM; Valentão, P, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " A good correlation was obtained between the theoretical predictions of bioavailability using Lipinski's rule-of-five and experimental verification." | ( Synthesis, biopharmaceutical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of 1-(4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-aryl-propane-1,3-diones. Ben Hadda, T; Chohan, Z; Ingle, V; Juneja, H; Parvez, A; Sheikh, J; Youssoufi, M, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Synthesis, detailed structural characterization (X-ray, NMR, MS, IR, elemental analysis), and studies of toxicity, antioxidant activity and bioavailability of unique potent anti-atherosclerotic succinobucol-steroid conjugates are reported." | ( Succinobucol's new coat--conjugation with steroids to alter its drug effect and bioavailability. Buřičová, L; Drašar, P; Galandáková, A; Horníček, J; Ikonen, S; Jurček, O; Kolehmainen, ET; Ulrichová, J; Wimmer, Z; Wimmerová, M, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Scutellarein, the main metabolite of scutellarin in vivo, has relatively better solubility, bioavailability and bio-activity than scutellarin." | ( Synthesis and bio-activity evaluation of scutellarein as a potent agent for the therapy of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Ding, AW; Guo, JM; Li, NG; Liu, L; Qian, LH; Song, SL; Tang, H; Tang, YP; Wang, ZJ; Zhang, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Based on the results, it can be concluded that the phospholipid complex may be considered as a promising drug delivery system for improving the overall absorption and bioavailability of the rutin molecule." | ( Rutin-phospholipid complex: an innovative technique in novel drug delivery system- NDDS. Rawat, MS; Semalty, A; Semalty, M; Singh, D, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Organic Se from natural foods has higher bioavailability and is safer than inorganic Se species." | ( Synthesis of selenium-containing polysaccharides and evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro. Wang, J; Wang, X; Yao, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, B, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " To assess the bioavailability of EM, we examined the in vitro uptake using the Caco-2 human colonic cell line." | ( Extraction of antioxidant components from Bidens pilosa flowers and their uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Chang, CH; Chyau, CC; Huang, SH; Lee, WC; Peng, CC, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Q10 NLC) was more effective than the Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) solution form on DPPH scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, lowers the effect of amnesia induced by scopolamine and increased bioavailability observed in Cmax, Tmax, and AUC." | ( Formulation and characterization of nanostructured lipid carrier of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10). Kadam, VT; Manvi, FV; Nanjwade, BK, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " However, the short lifetime and the autoxidation of GA in aqueous solution significantly reduces its bioavailability and the residence time in the body system." | ( Preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of gallic acid loaded silica nanoparticles for controlled release. Feng, S; Hu, H; Nie, L; Suo, J, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of curcumin and THERACURMIN, a highly bioavailable curcumin, against sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced oxidative damage in primary striatal cell culture." | ( Neuroprotective effects of curcumin and highly bioavailable curcumin on oxidative stress induced by sodium nitroprusside in rat striatal cell culture. Akaike, A; Hashimoto, T; Imaizumi, A; Izumi, Y; Izuo, N; Kume, T; Nazari, QA; Takada-Takatori, Y, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " However, its low bioavailability is a major obstacle for biomedical applications, so the experiment is designed to prepare taxifolin nanoparticles by liquid antisolvent precipitation (LAP) to improve its bioavailability." | ( Enhancement of solubility, antioxidant ability and bioavailability of taxifolin nanoparticles by liquid antisolvent precipitation technique. Li, Y; Wang, W; Wu, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X; Zhong, C; Zu, Y, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Myricetin shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to poor aqueous solubility, though it has various pharmacological activities." | ( Development of a myricetin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: preparation, characterization, and evaluation. Hong, C; Ji, G; Li, G; Shen, H; Xie, Y; Yao, Y, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Our data indicated that liposomal quercetin can significantly improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin and can be used as an effective antioxidant for ROS protection within the polar cytoplasm, and the nano-sized quercetin encapsulated by liposomes enhanced the cellular uptake (cancer cell human MCF_7)." | ( Intracellular ROS protection efficiency and free radical-scavenging activity of quercetin and quercetin-encapsulated liposomes. Barzegar, A; Eidi, A; Rezaei-Sadabady, R; Zarghami, N, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The hexahydropyridoindole scaffold represents a valuable lead with a great deal of knowledge on molecular mechanisms of free radical scavenging, on bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Substituted pyridoindoles as biological antioxidants: drug design, chemical synthesis, and biological activity. Kovacikova, L; Majekova, M; Stefek, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " This paper analyzes (i) the bioavailability of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of extra virgin argan oil (EVA) by the combination of in vitro digestion and absorption across Caco-2 cells and (ii) the protective role of the oil bioaccessible fraction (BF) against induced oxidative stress." | ( Assessing the bioavailability of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of extra virgin argan oil by simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell assays. Comparative study with extra virgin olive oil. Cabrera-Vique, C; Olalla, M; Rueda, A; Seiquer, I, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Microencapsulation of natural antioxidants in polymeric systems represents a possible strategy for improving the oral bioavailability of compounds that are otherwise poorly soluble." | ( Evaluation of Eudragit® Retard Polymers for the Microencapsulation of Alpha-Lipoic Acid. Fresta, M; Musumeci, L; Musumeci, T; Pecora, TM; Pignatello, R, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Despite the potential use of Qu in clinical trials, low water solubility, stability problems and the scarcity of cellular bioavailability limit its applications." | ( Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin/Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes. Demirel, M; Güleç, K, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Its use in the pharmaceutical field is limited due to its poor aqueous solubility which results in poor bioavailability and poor permeability." | ( Preparation of albumin based nanoparticles for delivery of fisetin and evaluation of its cytotoxic activity. Chaudhury, K; Chaudhury, S; Dasgupta, S; Ghosh, P; Jana, SK; Singha Roy, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Further studies are necessary to deepen knowledge on this area, namely focusing on in vivo experiments, to establish upcoming guidelines to improve the quality and bioavailability of phytopharmacologic formulations." | ( Phytopharmacologic preparations as predictors of plant bioactivity: A particular approach to Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench antioxidant properties. Barros, L; Carvalho, AM; Ferreira, IC; Martins, N; Pires, C, ) | 0.13 |
| " Low aqueous solubility of quercetin limits its bioavailability and hence therapeutic effects." | ( Development and evaluation of PLGA polymer based nanoparticles of quercetin. Al-Mansoor, MA; Al-Shdefat, R; Ansari, MN; Anwer, MK; Jamil, S; Shakeel, F, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Sprouting reduces anti-nutritional factors and increases the bioavailability of macro and micronutrients and also affects phytochemical levels." | ( Antioxidant activity of polyphenols of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) germinated in abiotic stress conditions. Baraniak, B; Karaś, M; Szymanowska, U; Złotek, U, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, previous studies have revealed that CUR exhibited low bioavailability and difficulties in reaching the brain." | ( Development of Nasal Lipid Nanocarriers Containing Curcumin for Brain Targeting. Bidone, J; Dora, CL; Falkembach, MC; Hädrich, G; Horn, AP; Hort, MA; Monserrat, JM; Muccillo-Baisch, AL; Putaux, JL; Rodrigues, JL; Teixeira, HF; Varela Junior, AS; Vaz, GR, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " However, the SeNPs tend to aggregate into large clusters, resulting in lower bioactivity, bioavailability and biocompatibility." | ( Synthesis and antioxidant properties of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides capped selenium nanoparticles using tea extract. Deng, SE; Ding, D; Li, W; Muehlmann, LA; Wang, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, W, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "In this work, in order to enhance the stability, bioavailability and antioxidant activity of insoluble antioxidants used into juice, yoghourt and nutritional supplements, the oligo-hyalurosomes nano-delivery system (CRHs) based on oligo-hyaluronic acid -curcumin (oHC) polymer loaded curcumin(Cur) and resveratrol (Res) was fabricated with new nanotechnolgy." | ( Co-encapsulation of curcumin and resveratrol into novel nutraceutical hyalurosomes nano-food delivery system based on oligo-hyaluronic acid-curcumin polymer. Chen, D; Guo, C; Yin, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Even, the phyto-constituent antibacterial drug Gingerol was selected to treat respiratory infection but it exhibits low bioavailability profile, less aqueous-solubility issue and most important is rapidly eliminated from the body." | ( Phytosome complexed with chitosan for gingerol delivery in the treatment of respiratory infection: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Gangadharappa, HV; Mruthunjaya, K; Singh, RP, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " However, its bioavailability problems have limited its use encouraging the search for new alternatives agents." | ( In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of imine resveratrol analogues. da Silva, AD; Esteves, B; Lacerda, LM; Macedo, GC; Pinto, NCC; Santos, JAD; Scio, E; Souza, IO; Zimmermann-Franco, DC, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " These results could be used to help improve the bioavailability of SL and obtaining high quality sesame byproducts." | ( Effects of thermal preparation and in vitro digestion on lignan profiles and antioxidant activity in defatted-sesame meal. Chen, J; Chen, Y; Lin, H; Lin, M; Lin, P, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The results indicated that the moisture content, water solubility, swelling degree, water vapor permeability and oil absorption rate of chitosan/HLE films decreased up to 14." | ( Effects of Herba Lophatheri extract on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of the chitosan film. Du, F; Guo, H; Jiang, G; Liu, X; Wang, J; Wang, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Finally, the study of theoretical physicochemical properties, the observation of low toxicity (hemolysis assay), and the evaluation of oral bioavailability of the TP derivative showed that it is a possible anti-inflammatory drug candidate." | ( Castro, RI; Morales-Quintana, L; Valenzuela-Riffo, F, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " However, the bioavailability of curcumin is low owing to its lipophilic property and thus has a low therapeutic efficacy in the host." | ( Bioprospection of novel synthetic monocurcuminoids: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and in vitro cytotoxic activities. Baldissera, MD; Cerveira, MM; da Rosa, BN; de Almeida Vaucher, R; de Pereira, CMP; Ferrer, EMK; Giongo, JL; Lopes, LQS; Rech, VC; Vianna, HS, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "A new 3,4-difluorobenzylidene analog of curcumin, CDF, was recently reported, which demonstrated significantly enhanced bioavailability and in vivo anticancer activity compared with curcumin." | ( Activity of Fluorinated Curcuminoids against Leishmania major and Toxoplasma gondii Parasites. Al Nasr, IS; Biersack, B; Khan, TA; Koko, WS; Schobert, R, 2021) | 0.62 |
In vitro antioxidant results showed that the inhibition effects of IPS at a dosage of 250 mg/l on superoxide anion, hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were 74.
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 15 (0.29) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 106 (2.04) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1343 (25.82) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3199 (61.50) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 539 (10.36) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (44.47) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 15 (0.28%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 18 (0.33%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 5,342 (99.39%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
| protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. | 5.42 | 22 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body | metabolite |
| 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: structure. 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol : A hydroxybenzyl alcohol that is phenol substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxymethyl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzyl alcohol; phenols | metabolite |
| 3-phenylpropionic acid 3-phenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-phenylpropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | antifungal agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 3.11 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; phenols | fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | ethanediol; glycol | metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 12.69 | 30 | 2 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 4.55 | 23 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | benzaldehydes | EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite |
| benzene [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 5.32 | 20 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| carbamates [no description available] | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | amino-acid anion | |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| catechol [no description available] | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | catechols | allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| choline [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 4.45 | 6 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 4.7 | 26 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 3.22 | 5 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 3.72 | 9 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-vinylguaiacol 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol: a germination inhibitor; also an odorant in green tea; structure in first source. 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | phenols | flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| digallic acid digallic acid: structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; gallate ester | |
| phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | algal metabolite |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 10.01 | 115 | 1 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. | 3.58 | 8 | 0 | guaiacols | disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | human metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 4.04 | 13 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 4.26 | 18 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 3.58 | 8 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| glycolaldehyde [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | glycolaldehydes | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol | keratolytic drug; metabolite |
| glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| homogentisic acid Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; hydroquinones | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| thiocyanic acid thiocyanic acid : A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydracid; one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 10.24 | 15 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. | 3.04 | 3 | 0 | imidazole | |
| indole [no description available] | 2.82 | 3 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid | auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyaldehyde; pentose; polyol | |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 4.03 | 13 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. | 3.07 | 4 | 0 | 2-oxo aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 7.97 | 182 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. | 3.35 | 6 | 0 | inositol phosphate | |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 4.15 | 15 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| croton oil [no description available] | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
| n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist |
| naphthalene [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 4.44 | 20 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 3.59 | 8 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 4.01 | 13 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 3.38 | 2 | 0 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| hydroxide ion [no description available] | 3.35 | 6 | 0 | oxygen hydride | mouse metabolite |
| oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 6.29 | 53 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetaldehyde [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; phenylacetaldehydes | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | glycol; propane-1,2-diols | allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| putrescine [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite |
| pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole. | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | pyrazole | |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
| thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
| sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| spermidine [no description available] | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | polyazaalkane; triamine | autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| spermine [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | sulfur oxoacid | catalyst |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| taurine [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| tryptamine [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 5.12 | 10 | 1 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 3.99 | 12 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS). | 8.45 | 7 | 0 | benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | xanthine | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid | fundamental metabolite |
| gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| huperzine a huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | quinolone | |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| 1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | phenanthroline | EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor |
| 1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazines | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent |
| 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 4.75 | 27 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine | neurotoxin |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 3.21 | 5 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | imidazopyridine; primary amino compound | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| 2-aminofluorene [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation. | 4.94 | 4 | 0 | 1-pyrroline nitrones | neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines | 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist |
| oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
| tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator | 6.7 | 52 | 0 | monoazo compound | |
| acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 4.34 | 19 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acridone acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; cyclic ketone | |
| albendazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 3.7 | 3 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazolone | antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | anthracenes | antipsoriatic |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite |
| aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger |
| benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| benzyl isothiocyanate benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; isothiocyanate | antibacterial drug |
| bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 11.48 | 190 | 1 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| berberine [no description available] | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 4.74 | 2 | 1 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| caffeine [no description available] | 3.61 | 8 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| eucalyptol [no description available] | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | ||
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin |
| dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | indoles | fluorochrome |
| dapsone [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | diester; phthalate ester | EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 3.47 | 7 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | benzophenones | photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | ||
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
| fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoic acid | EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite |
| gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.89 | 3 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| hexylresorcinol [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | resorcinols | |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 3.34 | 6 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | indolyl alcohol | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 3.69 | 9 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| kojic acid [no description available] | 3.47 | 7 | 0 | 4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent |
| lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| edaravone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antioxidant; radical scavenger |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| methyl methanesulfonate [no description available] | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen |
| molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin; | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
| nadifloxacin nadifloxacin: (R)-isomer does not induce chromosomal aberrations, unlike (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | heteroarylpiperidine; hydroxypiperidine; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nilvadipine [no description available] | 7 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile | |
| nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nizofenone nizofenone: protects experimental mice & rats against cerebral anoxia | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 3.05 | 4 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene | dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol | antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phloretin [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| piperazine [no description available] | 3.13 | 4 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | anthelminthic drug |
| pomiferin pomiferin: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoflavanones | |
| primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine | antimalarial |
| probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 8.25 | 6 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 5.26 | 4 | 1 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase | 3.33 | 2 | 0 | secondary carboxamide | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | morpholines | |
| stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines; sulfoxide | uricosuric drug |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent |
| urethane [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite; mutagen |
| usnic acid [no description available] | 4.1 | 4 | 0 | benzofurans | |
| 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity | astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 3 | 4 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 3.77 | 10 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| thymidine [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole. | 3.38 | 6 | 0 | benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene | |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.93 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| 2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 2-acetamidofluorenes | antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 6.05 | 42 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 4.03 | 5 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 3.61 | 3 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 4.57 | 22 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 5 | 14 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 4.65 | 10 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 5.39 | 21 | 0 | benzenes; primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| phlorhizin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aniline [no description available] | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
| dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | geroprotector; mutagen |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | lactose | |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cytidine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cytidines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-hexanal [no description available] | 3.38 | 2 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 4.21 | 16 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| alizarin [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | chromophore; dye; plant metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure. N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | N-substituted diamine; secondary amino compound | antioxidant |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 3.49 | 7 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
| acetylene [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | boranes; mononuclear parent hydride | |
| propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant |
| acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 4.56 | 5 | 1 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 4.05 | 5 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
| boron trifluoride [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | boron fluoride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| tetrafluoromethane tetrafluoromethane: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | fluorocarbon; fluoromethanes | refrigerant |
| tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes. | 4.68 | 27 | 0 | alkyl hydroperoxide | antibacterial agent; oxidising agent |
| quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid. | 4.1 | 14 | 0 | ||
| azobis(isobutyronitrile) azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. | 3.79 | 10 | 0 | monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| acrylamide [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin |
| camphene camphene : A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | bisphenol | endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen |
| cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | peroxol | environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent |
| alpha-pinene [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
| methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | defoliant; herbicide |
| pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | iminium betaine; phenazines | antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor |
| carbazole carbazole: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazole | |
| 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | naphthylacetic acid | synthetic auxin |
| phthalide 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.. isobenzofuranone : A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone | |
| xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 4.03 | 13 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| resacetophenone resacetophenone: structure in first source. 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone : A dihydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyacetophenone; resorcinols | plant metabolite |
| salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzaldehyde | nematicide; plant metabolite |
| anthrone anthrone: used in colorimetric determination of sugar & animal starch in body fluids; structure. anthrone : A member of the class of anthracenes that is 9,10-dihydroanthracene carrying an oxo group at C-9. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | anthracenone | radical scavenger |
| xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | xanthones | insecticide |
| pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether: structure. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene; phenols | plant metabolite |
| veratrole veratrole: structure. dimethoxybenzene : Any methoxybenzene that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with two methoxy groups and its derivatives.. veratrole : A dimethoxybenzene with the methoxy groups at ortho-positions. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| quinoline [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | |
| isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal; | 2.89 | 3 | 0 | indoledione | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 4.33 | 16 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative |
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | xanthene | |
| methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | phenylpropanoid | |
| 1-phenylpropanol 1-phenylpropanol: structure in first source | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| synephrine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| piperonylic acid piperonylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. piperonylic acid : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a carboxy group at position 5. It is a natural product isolated from several plant species. It is a selective mechanism-based inactivator of the trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase enzyme and exhibits antifungal and skin wound healing properties. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; benzodioxoles; monocarboxylic acid | antifungal agent; EC 1.14.14.91 ( trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; vulnerary |
| methyl acrylate [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| lactobionic acid [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide | antioxidant |
| furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 3 | 4 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
| butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenols | allergen |
| cumene cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | acetophenones | animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| 3-nitrotoluene [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | mononitrotoluene | |
| trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | trehalose | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. | 3 | 4 | 0 | gallate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones | allergen |
| gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; monoterpene | antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 3.43 | 7 | 0 | monoterpene; toluenes | human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyacetophenone | fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | diamine; substituted aniline | |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine; primary amine | allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| phenylhydrazine [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic |
| triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol | buffer; surfactant |
| 4-anisidine 4-anisidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-anisidine : A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen para to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a reagent for the detection of oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; primary amino compound; substituted aniline | genotoxin; reagent |
| caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | caprolactams | human blood serum metabolite |
| citronellal citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; monoterpenoid | antifungal agent; metabolite |
| acrolein [no description available] | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| acrylonitrile [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent |
| allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | primary allylic alcohol; propenol | antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite |
| glyoxal [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 4.82 | 30 | 0 | alkane | |
| 3-hydroxybutanal [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans | allergen |
| 2,6-lutidine 2,6-dimethylpyridine : A member of the class of methylpyridines that is pyridine carrying methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines | |
| melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | xenobiotic metabolite |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 3.58 | 8 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| cyclohexanone [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| dicyanmethane malononitrile : A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; dinitrile | |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 3.37 | 6 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 3.69 | 9 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| piperidine [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine | base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent |
| morpholine [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| octyl acetate octyl acetate : The acetate ester of octan-1-ol. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | plant metabolite |
| flavaspidic acid flavaspidic acid: isolated from rhizomes of male fern; structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| linalyl acetate linalyl acetate: structure in first source; RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation. linalyl acetate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | |
| chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| benzoin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor |
| scoparone scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; coumarins | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic drug; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite |
| anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| cyclopentanone [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones | Maillard reaction product |
| 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole : An aromatic ether that is 4-methoxyphenol in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a tert-butyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; phenols | antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 3.69 | 9 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
| 1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| benzil benzil: structure. benzil : An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone | |
| shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.) | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | NTA; tricarboxylic acid | carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent |
| protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxybenzaldehyde | |
| diphenylcarbazide Diphenylcarbazide: Used as an indicator in titrating iron and for the colorimetric determination of chromium and the detection of cadmium, mercury, magnesium, aldehydes, and emetine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | |
| estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid | carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite |
| ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | 6.3 | 54 | 0 | acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cupric acetate [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-vanillin ortho-vanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is salicylaldehyde substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes; guaiacols | antimutagen; plant metabolite |
| mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. | 11.93 | 104 | 0 | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 3.82 | 10 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | indazole | |
| benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; benzofuran | |
| benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| indolizine [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | indolizines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 3.56 | 8 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 7.31 | 94 | 1 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| 1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole | 3.36 | 6 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazole | |
| pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. | 2.89 | 3 | 0 | diazine; pyrimidines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | organic cation | |
| triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 11.43 | 345 | 3 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite |
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| kynuramine Kynuramine: An aromatic ketone containing the aniline structure (ANILINE COMPOUNDS).. kynuramine : A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | kynurenamines; primary amino compound | metabolite |
| 4-methylcatechol [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | methylcatechol | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; hapten; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ketene | |
| boldine [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| rhein [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | |
| plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols | anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite |
| cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
| aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | flavanones | |
| thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| indan indan: structure in first source. indane : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to a cyclopentane ring; a high-boiling (176 (o)C) colourless liquid. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | indanes; ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon | |
| indoline indoline: structure given in first source | 2.89 | 3 | 0 | indoles | |
| butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | |
| carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | 5.12 | 16 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols | agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component |
| 4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 4.09 | 5 | 0 | phenols | anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent |
| phloretic acid phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | plant metabolite |
| isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid | mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 3.4 | 6 | 0 | ||
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| arachidic acid icosanoic acid : A C20 striaght-chain saturated fatty acid which forms a minor constituent of peanut (L. arachis) and corn oils. Used as an organic thin film in the production of liquid crystals for a wide variety of technical applications. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| oleanolic acid [no description available] | 4.07 | 14 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| abietic acid abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid | plant metabolite |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 4.76 | 11 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations. | 3.74 | 10 | 0 | ||
| flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | flavones | metabolite; nematicide |
| tryptophol tryptophol : An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indolyl alcohol | auxin; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | cellobiose | epitope |
| chamazulene chamazulene: structure | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
| syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols | plant metabolite |
| hydroxyhydroquinone benzene-1,2,4-triol : A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol | mouse metabolite |
| tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol | bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin |
| methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| perillyl alcohol perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source. perillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | limonene monoterpenoid | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 7.65 | 129 | 1 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| 3-hexen-1-ol 3-hexen-1-ol: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a green odor chemical. hex-3-en-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hex-3-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkenyl alcohol; homoallylic alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| violacein [no description available] | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | phenoxazine | |
| neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator |
| trimyristin trimyristin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by myristic (tetradecanoic) acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | tetradecanoate ester; triglyceride | |
| diepoxybutane diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | mutagen |
| congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | bis(azo) compound | |
| 3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. | 6.3 | 55 | 0 | flavonols; monohydroxyflavone | |
| potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonate salt; potassium salt | catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant |
| succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | |
| allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfide | |
| glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | |
| 2,3-pentanedione pentane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alpha-diketone; methyl ketone | flavouring agent |
| phenylglyoxylic acid phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 2-anthramine 2-anthramine: structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | anthracenamine | |
| 2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone 2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone: an intermediate in gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation by Xanthomonas | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 3.69 | 3 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| ethyl pyruvate [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | oxo carboxylic acid | |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homoserine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | delta-lactam; piperidones | EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor |
| tempidon 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinone: structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | piperidones | |
| ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester | plant metabolite |
| cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alicyclic ketone; enone | Hsp70 inducer |
| deoxyuridine [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; quinone imine | |
| 2'-deoxyadenosine 2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-phenylpyridine 2-phenylpyridine: structure given in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative | antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| phenylglyoxal [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenylacetaldehydes | |
| undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| 4-acetylpyridine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-acetylpyridine 2-acetylpyridine: structure in first source | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| lauryl gallate [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester | |
| 2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cadmium sulfide [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity | |
| potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.24 | 5 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 4.2 | 14 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
| monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | 1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol | |
| beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
| glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 7.51 | 119 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| tocopherols [no description available] | 5.82 | 33 | 0 | ||
| pseudouridine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pseudouridines | fundamental metabolite |
| selenomethionine [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | selenoamino acid; selenomethionines | plant metabolite |
| selenocystine selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | diselenide; selenoamino acid | |
| diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 3.45 | 7 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| 2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | hydroquinones | food antioxidant |
| phenylguanidine phenylguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| meldrum's acid Meldrum's acid: structure given in first source | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | ||
| azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | |
| diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | isothiocyanate | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite |
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye |
| tricosanoic acid tricosanoic acid : A very long-chain fatty acid that is tricosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alpha-terpineol terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | terpineol | plant metabolite |
| fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | fucopyranose; L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| n,n-dimethylacrylamide [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfuryl fluoride sulfuryl fluoride: fumigant | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | sulfuryl halide | fumigant insecticide |
| copper(ii) nitrate copper(II) nitrate : An inorganic nitrate salt having copper(2+) as the couterion. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt | |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 3.82 | 10 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| palmatine burasaine: structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | plant metabolite |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
| 3-o-methylgallic acid 3-O-methylgallic acid: structure in first source. 3-O-methylgallic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is gallic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into the corresponding methyl ether. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; catechols | |
| fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-phthalylglycine [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| stearoyl-2-lactylic acid stearoyl-2-lactylic acid: RN given refers to Ca salt | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 3.78 | 10 | 0 | cycloalkene; p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
| acetoxyacetylaminofluorene Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene: An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.. N-acetoxy-2-acetamidofluorene : A 2-acetamidofluorene compound in which the parent 2-acetamidofluorene is substituted on nitrogen by an acetoxy group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-acetamidofluorenes | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 3.68 | 9 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 4.75 | 28 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 3.42 | 6 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 5.33 | 46 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 5.14 | 9 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 5.54 | 19 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium | |
| vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
| cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state. | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride | EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor |
| galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | D-galactosamine; primary amino compound | toxin |
| hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. | 3.66 | 9 | 0 | chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents | 4.54 | 22 | 0 | iron coordination entity | astringent; Lewis acid |
| nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | nickel coordination entity | calcium channel blocker; hapten |
| ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. | 3.76 | 10 | 0 | iron molecular entity; metal sulfate | reducing agent |
| isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
| bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diatomic bromine | |
| zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
| sodium sulfate [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
| tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | iron coordination entity | |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. | 3.53 | 7 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt | astringent |
| sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| chlorosulfonic acid [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 3.22 | 5 | 0 | ||
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 2.82 | 3 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | iron molecular entity; metal sulfate | astringent; catalyst; mordant |
| magnesium perchlorate magnesium perchlorate: structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth salt | |
| sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt | nutraceutical |
| cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
| octyltrimethylammonium octyltrimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. octyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one octyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| magnesium chlorate magnesium chlorate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic chloride | potassium channel blocker |
| rhamnose [no description available] | 3.25 | 5 | 0 | L-rhamnose | |
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
| 3-carene 3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | monoterpene | |
| menthone menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | menthone | |
| salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 3.66 | 9 | 0 | ||
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| ferric nitrilotriacetate ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading) | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | iron chelate | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 5.67 | 18 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| fluoroboric acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | boron fluoride | |
| gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1) | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorides [no description available] | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| beta-selinene beta-selinene: isolated from aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong; RN given for (4aR-(4aalpha,7alpha,8abeta))-isomer. (-)-beta-selinene : The (4aS,7S,8aR)-stereoisomer of beta-selinene. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | beta-selinene | |
| benomyl [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | tin oxide | |
| chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation | |
| mecysteine mecysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer. methyl L-cysteinate : An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteinyl ester; primary amino compound; thiol | mucolytic |
| molybdenum dioxide [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iodine [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| pedalitin pedalitin: has antioxidant activity; isolated from Rabdosia japonica; structure in first source. pedalitin : A tetrahydroxy-monohydroxy-flavone, with the four hydroxy groups at C-3',-4',-5 and 6, and the methoxy group at C-7. It has been isolated from a number of plant species, including Eremosparton songoricum, Rabdosia japonica and Ruellia tuberosa. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone | EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 7.55 | 63 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | monoterpene | anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene; phenols | antioxidant |
| pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant |
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alkenes [no description available] | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones). | 3.27 | 5 | 0 | organic calcium salt | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 5.23 | 18 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| ferrozine Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | ||
| acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| substance p [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| lentinan [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination. | 3.53 | 1 | 1 | cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol | mycotoxin |
| thidiazuron [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ureas | |
| exifone [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
| 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available] | 6.85 | 96 | 0 | chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester | |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| verbenol verbenol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| myrtenal myrtenal: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrogen trioxide [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-ol 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-ol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid | |
| isothiocyanic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydracid; one-carbon compound | |
| ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 8.54 | 109 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| 3,4-dihydro-2(1h)-quinolinone 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone: structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| dihydrochalcone dihydrochalcone : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is acetophenone in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a benzyl group. | 8.41 | 7 | 0 | dihydrochalcones | plant metabolite |
| 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans | fluorochrome |
| 1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | anhydro sugar | human metabolite |
| thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 4.25 | 17 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
| betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | lignan | |
| baicalin [no description available] | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| allicin [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide | antibacterial agent |
| epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. | 4.28 | 17 | 0 | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| fluorexon fluorexon: structure | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii. | 3.24 | 5 | 0 | gallocatechin | antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| depsidone depsidone: a dibenzo dioxepin with a lactone formed by one of the oxygens and a carbonyl between the two benzyl rings; some derivatives are found in GARCINIA plants. depsidone : The simplest member of the class of depsidones comprising of a heterotricyclic system that is 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine substituted by an oxo group at position 11. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | depsidones; organic heterotricyclic compound | |
| salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | iodine oxoacid | |
| lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger |
| aspartate-beta-hydroxamate beta-aspartylhydroxamic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peroxynitric acid [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| secoisolariciresinol secoisolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; precursor of lignans found in human urine; structure given in first source. secoisolariciresinol : A lignan that is butane-1,4-diol in which the 2 and 3 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups. (-)-secoisolariciresinol : An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | secoisolariciresinol | antidepressant; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid | |
| cedrol cedrol: a cyclic terpenoid from cedarwood oil; 8-epicedrol is an epimer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cedrane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | |
| dicarbine dicarbine: minor descriptor (77-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBOLINES (77-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| azelnidipine azelnidipine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
| bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure | 3.46 | 7 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | metabolite |
| naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzeneboronic acid [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | boronic acids | |
| thiamorpholine thiamorpholine: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiomorpholine : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is an analogue of morpholine where the oxygen atom is replaced by sulfur. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; thiomorpholines | |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 4.6 | 23 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| lupulon lupulon: antibiotic from hops; structure. lupulone : A beta-bitter acid in which the acyl group is specified as 3-methylbutanoyl.. beta-bitter acid : An alicyclic ketone obtained by prenylation at positions 4, 6 and 6 of any 2-acylphloroglucinol. beta-bitter acids are well known for their contribution to the bitter taste of beer. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-bitter acid | angiogenesis inhibitor; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent |
| orsellinic acid orsellinic acid: from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum; structure in first source. o-orsellinic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols | fungal metabolite; marine metabolite; metabolite |
| dictamnine dictamnine: furanoquinoline alkaloid; crosslinks DNA in presence of ultraviolet light | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle | |
| isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1. | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | isocoumarins | |
| 5-hydroxyflavone [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | flavones | |
| maclurin maclurin: from Maclura pomifera; composed of two isoforms (isolectins); some sequence similarity to jacalin; potent non-specific blood-group hemagglutinin; do not confuse with dye of the same name | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
| 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sesamol sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| isobutyramide [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | carboximidic acid | |
| indole-3-carboxylic acid indole-3-carboxylic acid : An indole-3-carboxylic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 3. | 2 | 1 | 0 | indol-3-yl carboxylic acid | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite |
| methyl syringate methyl syringate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of syringic acid with methanol. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; dimethoxybenzene; phenols | plant metabolite |
| aceclofenac [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavonoid | |
| hesperetin [no description available] | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| magnolol [no description available] | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| honokiol [no description available] | 3 | 4 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan | antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| coptisine coptisine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid | metabolite |
| betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. | 3 | 4 | 0 | diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid | analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite |
| nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | methoxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| rubrofusarin rubrofusarin: naphthopyrone from Cassia quinquangulata; structure. rubrofusarin : A member of the class of benzochromenones that is benzo[g]chromen-4-one carrying two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 5 and 6 as well as methyl and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 8 respectively. An orange polyketide pigment that is a common intermediate in many different fungal biosynthetic pathways. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzochromenone; phenols; polyketide | biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| berberrubine berberrubine: RN refers to chloride salt; a protoberberine alkaloid antitumor agent which exhibits topoisomerase II poison activity as well as catalytic inhibition activity; structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite |
| lobaric acid lobaric acid: inhibits formation of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4; also reduces muscle contraction; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| sigmoidin a sigmoidin A: isolated from Erythrina sigmoidea; structure given in first source. sigmoidin A : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 2' and 5'. Isolated from Erythrina sigmoidea, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone | anti-inflammatory agent; anti-obesity agent; antibacterial agent; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| 2-chloranil [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| jacaranone jacaranone: sedative; structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| marrubiin marrubiin: RN given for (2aS-(2aalpha,5abeta,6alpha,7alpha,8aalpha,8balpha))-isomer; often isolated from MARRUBIUM. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactone | |
| corilagin corilagin: isolated from Geranii herba. corilagin : An ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ellagitannin; gallate ester | antihypertensive agent; antioxidant; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| arjunolic acid arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| stictic acid stictic acid: antioxidant from lichen, Usnea articulata; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| carbohydrazide carbohydrazide: structure. carbohydrazide : A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.. carbonyl dihydrazine : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between hydrazinecarboxylic acid and hydrazine. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | carbohydrazide; one-carbon compound | |
| ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cerium molecular entity; metal oxide | |
| 2-aminoethylmethacrylate aminoethyl methacrylate: cell-adhesive dextran hydrogel | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | |
| 1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzotriazoles | |
| 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine: color reagent for serum iron; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-acetylcoumarin 3-acetylcoumarin: structure given in first source. 3-acetylcoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
| erucin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | isothiocyanate | |
| 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,7,4'-trimethylapigenin 5,7,4'-trimethylapigenin: a flavonoid from the East Asian medicinal plant Orthosiphon spicatus; prevents oxidative inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ether; flavonoids | |
| 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil: structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methiin methiin: distributed in Liliaceae(garlic, onions, etc.) & Cruciferae (cabbage, radish, etc.); one of greater sources of sulfur-containing amino acids in Japan; studied for nutritional value; increased splenic iron decrease erythrocyte counts; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | catechols; primary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| vanadium dioxide [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | vanadium oxide | |
| asperuloside asperuloside : A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; beta-D-glucoside; gamma-lactone; iridoid monoterpenoid; monosaccharide derivative | metabolite |
| bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid: metabolite of L-dopa; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid : A catechol that is the 3,4-dihydroxy derivative of mandelic acid; a metabolite of L-dopa. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols | antioxidant; drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alpha-bergamotene alpha-bergamotene: RR (13434-59-4) refers to the (trans)-isomer. alpha-bergamotene : A sesquiterpene consisting of a bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene skeleton substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 6 by a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | bridged compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
| mebeverine gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | ||
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| bromophenophos [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite |
| 7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid | neuroprotective agent |
| cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | catechols; tetrol | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile): free radical initiator in liposome systems | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 3.83 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| coronatine coronatine: consists of a coronafacic acid joined by an amide bond to coronamic acid by coronafacate ligase; phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4(1R*,2R*),6beta,7alpha))-isomer; | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| penconazole penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; triazoles | |
| sarsasapogenin [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | sapogenin | |
| taraxerol taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | metabolite |
| alpha-curcumene alpha-curcumene: active priniciple in essential oils of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. alpha-curcumene : A sesquiterpene that is 2-methyl-2-heptene in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is substituted by a p-tolyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
| n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine N(6)-dimethylallyladenine : A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 6-isopentenylaminopurine | cytokinin |
| monocerin monocerin: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzoic acid | metabolite |
| 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. | 3.34 | 6 | 0 | tocopherol; vitamin E | algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| alpha-eudesmol alpha-eudesmol: RN refers to (2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta)-isomer; from Juniperus virginiana; inhibits omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive Ca2+ currents and synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake; structure in first source. alpha-eudesmol : A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-3 and C-4. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; octahydronaphthalenes; tertiary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| nepetalactone nepetalactone: RN given for (4aS-(4aalpha,7alpha,7aalpha))-isomer; structure in first source. trans-cis-nepetalactone : A cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aS)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aS-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It exhibits potent repellant activity against house dust mites and mosquitoes. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| uvaol uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae) | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid | metabolite |
| indole-3-lactic acid indole-3-lactic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(indol-3-yl)lactic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indol-3-yl carboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| sugiol sugiol: diterpene with anti-inflammatory activity from Calocedrus formosana bark; structure in first source. sugiol : An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; cyclic terpene ketone; meroterpenoid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sesaminol sesaminol: structure given in first source; RN given from CAS Index Guide 1990; RN given refers to the (1S-(alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/90. sesaminol : A furofuran that is cis-tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by a 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 1S and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 4S. It is metabolite found in sesame seeds. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; furofuran; organic hydroxy compound | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| diprotin a [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 3.63 | 8 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
| osajin osajin: from Maclura pomifera | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoflavanones | |
| benzothiazoline [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eupatorin eupatorin: a flavonoid from the East Asian medicinal plant Orthosiphon spicatus; prevents oxidative inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase; structure given in first source. eupatorin : A trimethoxyflavone that is 6-hydroxyluteolin in which the phenolic hydogens at positions 4', 6 and 7 have been replaced by methyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; polyphenol; trimethoxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Brassica napus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; P450 inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyquinoline; monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | |
| 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone: causes relaxation of cavernosum; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diosgenin [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite |
| 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman: a Vitamin E derivative. chromanol : Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lecanoric acid lecanoric acid: from a strain of Pyricularia (deuteromycetes); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| syringaresinol [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol | plant metabolite |
| malabaricone c malabaricone C: from maize (Myristica fragrans); structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | butanone | metabolite |
| arctiin arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | glycoside; lignan | |
| rapanone rapanone: antiparasitic agent from Rapanea; structure similar to embelin | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones | |
| obovatol obovatol: antineoplastic agent from Magnolis obovata; structure given in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chimaphilin chimaphilin: isolated from Chimaphila umbellata; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| ledol ledol: from Renealmia chrysotrycha; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sesamolin sesamolin: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to the (1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha)-isomer); inhibits proliferation of human lymphocytic leukemia cells in culture | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| erythrodiol [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | plant metabolite |
| 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptan-3-ol 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo(3.1.1)heptan-3-ol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source. pinocarveol : A pinane monoterpenoid that is a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by two methyl groups at position 6, a methylidene group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; pinane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | GABA modulator; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 3.83 | 10 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| wr 1065 WR-1065 : An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; diamine | antioxidant; drug metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| 1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available] | 3 | 4 | 0 | ||
| diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
| u 74389f U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate | |
| geniposide [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | terpene glycoside | |
| phorbol-12-myristate [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways. | 5.36 | 53 | 0 | proanthocyanidin | |
| dityrosine dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | biomarker |
| epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
| parinaric acid parinaric acid: long-chain polyenoic fatty acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. parinaric acid : An octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | octadecatetraenoic acid | |
| asiaticoside [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans. | 4.09 | 14 | 0 | ||
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone 2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone: lignan isolated from urine of humans & other mammals; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in second source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | lignan | |
| homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger |
| liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone | hormone agonist; plant metabolite |
| tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable | 2 | 1 | 0 | straight-chain fatty acid | |
| 1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| geraniin Geraniin: in various plants; structure in first source | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amarogentin amarogentin: secoiridoid glycoside. amarogentin : A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monosaccharide derivative; secoiridoid glycoside | EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines | environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic |
| 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-ethanone 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-ethanone: from Petasites hybridus; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzofurans | metabolite |
| matairesinol matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactone; lignan; polyphenol | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| astilbin astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| 1,3,4-thiadiazole 1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure given in first source | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | thiadiazole | |
| maculosin maculosin: RN refers to (3S-trans)-isomer; isolated from Alternaria alternata; structure given in first source. maculosin : A homodetic cyclic peptide that is a dipeptide composed of L-proline and L-tyrosine joined by peptide linkages. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; phenols; pyrrolopyrazine | metabolite |
| piscidic acid piscidic acid: active constituent for chronic bronchitis isolated from root of Chuan-Shan-Long plant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
| alliin alliin: nutritional supplement in diet; possible therapeutic use in anemia and splenic hypertrophy; structure. alliin : An L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| emoxypine succinate emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| celastrol [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite |
| procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin | antioxidant; metabolite |
| aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone | metabolite |
| trichloromethyl free radical trichloromethyl free radical: able to react with amino acid esters | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic radical | |
| 3-phenylsydnone 3-phenylsydnone: structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenoxy radical phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | organic radical | |
| peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES). | 6.66 | 26 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. | 3.36 | 6 | 0 | fullerene | geroprotector |
| 2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol 2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol: lignan isolated from urine of humans & other mammals | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | lignan | |
| dehydroalanine 2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2,3-dehydroamino acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; enamine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | alkylating agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| glabridin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyisoflavans | antiplasmodial drug |
| tetrahydrocurcumin tetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; polyphenol | metabolite |
| glucogallin glucogallin: RN given refers to (D-glucose)-isomer | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)-dien-15,16-olide 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)-dien-15,16-olide: from Polyalthia longifolia; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,5-anhydrofructose 1,5-anhydrofructose: structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 3-pyrones; anhydrohexose; cyclic ether; cyclic ketone; organic heterocyclic compound; triol | |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| delphinidin delphinidin: RN given refers to parent cpd;. delphinidin : An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; plant metabolite |
| cyanidin cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups. | 3.56 | 8 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| planinin planinin: from Zanthoxylum planispinum; structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | lignan | |
| opc 15161 OPC 15161: degradation product of OPC-15160; structure given in first source; superoxide inhibitor | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ovothiol a ovothiol A: structure given in first source. ovothiol A : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted at positions N3 and C5 on the imidazole ring by methyl and mercapto groups respectively. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antioxidant; marine metabolite; radical scavenger |
| phlorofucofuroeckol a phlorofucofuroeckol A: phlorotannin from Ecklonia kurome; structure given in first source | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| yakuchinone-a yakuchinone-A: from Alpinia oxyphylla; structure given in first source. 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-heptanone : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 7. Isolated from in Alpinia oxyphylla, it exhibits antineoplastic and inhibitory activities against COX-1, COX-2 and NO synthase. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| 5-hydroxybendazac 5-hydroxybendazac: metabolite of bendazac; RN given refers parent cpd | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 3.35 | 6 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam | |
| n-nitrosoallyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine N-nitrosoallyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phytol [no description available] | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | ||
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 3-o-ethylascorbic acid 3-O-ethylascorbic acid: has skin-lightening activity; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | |
| oleanolic acid 3-acetate oleanolic acid 3-acetate: from Gardenia jasminoides; RN given for (3beta)-isomer | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| evodiamine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| histidylproline His-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-proline residues. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| kolaviron kolaviron: antihepatotoxic fraction of biflavonones from Garcinia kola seeds; phalloidine antagonist. kolaflavanone : A biflavonoid isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola that has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective activity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4'-methoxyflavanones; biflavonoid; dihydroflavonols; ring assembly; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 11.02 | 431 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| malvidin malvidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; coloring agent from flowers of Malvaviscus conzatti. malvidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3' and 5'. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | biological pigment; metabolite |
| singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 3.92 | 12 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| aloesin aloesin: UP780 is a preparation of aloesin and an aloe polysaccharide that improves insulin sensitivity; human intestinal bacteria cleaves the C-glucosyl bond; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | chromones | |
| fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols | 3.74 | 10 | 0 | ||
| carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbodiimide | |
| isosakuranetin isosakuranetin: structure in first source. 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone | plant metabolite |
| cycloartane cycloartane : A triterpene that is lanostane in which there is a methylene bridge between the 5- and 9-positions. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | triterpene | |
| liensinine liensinine: RN given for (R-(R*,R*))-isomer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| 7,8-dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain 7,8-dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; aromatic ether | |
| questin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | |
| sweroside [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| leukodopachrome leukodopachrome: proposed metabolite in pathway from tyrosine to dopachrome; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source. leucodopachrome : Indoline substituted with hydroxy groups at C-5 and -6 and a carboxy group at C-2, and with S stereochemistry at C-2. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles | metabolite |
| futoxide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| myricanone myricanone: from stem bark of Myrica rubra; structure given in first source. Myricanone : A cyclic ketone isolated from the bark of Morella species and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; diarylheptanoid; methoxybenzenes; phenols | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| myricanol myricanol: from stem bark of Myrica rubra; RN given for (R)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isovitexin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone | EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| chrysanthenyl acetate chrysanthenyl acetate: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ferric thiocyanate [no description available] | 4.45 | 21 | 0 | ||
| n-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; pyrrolidines | |
| gossypol beta-aminoethyl sodium sulfate gossypol beta-aminoethyl sodium sulfate: don't confuse with MEGACINS | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine: metabolite of melatonin; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| pinoresinol diglucoside pinoresinol diglucoside: major antihypertensive principle of Tu-Chung (Eucummia ulmoides, Oliver); structure | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 4.27 | 16 | 0 | ||
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 4.2 | 4 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| limonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound | inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nickel monoxide [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | very long-chain fatty acid | |
| kutkoside kutkoside: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor |
| dihydroresveratrol dihydroresveratrol: structure in first source. dihydroresveratrol : A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | stilbenol | plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite |
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol 2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. gentisyl alcohol : An aromatic primary alcohol that is benzyl alcohol substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; phenols | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| eudesmane eudesmane: a bicyclododecane; not a napthalene | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
| succinobucol succinobucol: monosuccinic acid ester of probucol; a metabolically stable modification of probucol, an equipotent antioxidant to probucol but is pharmacologically distinct | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | 12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| erythritol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol | antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| brazilin brazilin: structure given in first source. brazilin : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzopyran | |
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| guaiol guaiol: structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | guaiane sesquiterpenoid | |
| 3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. | 3 | 4 | 0 | arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol | indicator; Maillard reaction product |
| lanosterol [no description available] | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | 14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 5.94 | 31 | 0 | ||
| sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt | |
| methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | catechols; methyl ester | antioxidant; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| ibogaine Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arabinose [no description available] | 3.37 | 6 | 0 | L-arabinose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| bradykinin [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | ||
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin. | 3.38 | 6 | 0 | D-galacturonic acid | |
| carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| lyxose D-lyxose : Any lyxose having D-configuration.. D-lyxopyranose : The pyranose form of D-lyxose. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | D-lyxose | |
| naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin | expectorant; plant metabolite |
| epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction. | 3.79 | 9 | 0 | ||
| dopaquinone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoquinones; amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine | geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols | |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| salicin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration. | 4.06 | 5 | 0 | taxifolin | metabolite |
| mannuronic acid mannuronic acid: hydrolysis product of alginic acids from ALGAE; has anti-inflammatory activity. D-mannopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-mannonic acid. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | D-mannonic acid | |
| tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | tartaric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone | |
| pelargonidin pelargonidin: influences flower phenotype. pelargonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | plant metabolite |
| arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | cellotriose | |
| euphol euphol: from Euphorbia acaulis Roxb.; structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| peonidin peonidin: a COX-2 inhibitor with protein kinase inhibitory and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; RN given for chloride salt. peonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium bearing four hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4', 5 and 7 as well as a methoxy substituent at position 3'. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; metabolite |
| beta-hederin beta-hederin: derived from beta-amyrin; other hederigenin based saponins are available | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| cimifugin cimifugin: isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricatae; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | |
| carnosol carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| ferruginol ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; meroterpenoid; phenols | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protective agent |
| stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent |
| afzelechin afzelechin: from Hovenia dulcis; structure in first source. afzelechin : A tetrahydroxyflavan that is (2S)-flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4' respectively. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | catechin; tetrahydroxyflavan | EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| davidigenin davidigenin: has antispasmodic activity; isolated from Mascarenhasia arborescens; structure in first source. davidigenin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', and 4' respectively. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dihydrochalcones; polyphenol | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| dolichodial dolichodial: isolated from walkingstick, Anisomorpha buprestoides. dolichodial : A dialdehyde that is cyclopentanecarbaldehyde substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 3-oxo-prop-1-en-2yl group at position 5. It has been found to occur in pheromones of insects such as aphids. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde; iridoid monoterpenoid; olefinic compound | animal metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| genipin [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | iridoid monoterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| naringin [no description available] | 3.45 | 7 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica; | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| neoastilbin neoastilbin: from rhizoma smilacis glabrae; structure in first source. neoastilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (-)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone | |
| knipholone knipholone: a binary compound of the anthraquinone chrysophanol and an acetylphloroglucinol. knipholone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 6, a methyl group at position 2 and a 3-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl group at position 1. It exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activities. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; dihydroxyanthraquinone; methoxybenzenes; methyl ketone; polyphenol; resorcinols | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiplasmodial drug; leukotriene antagonist; metabolite |
| gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. | 3.51 | 7 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| grandisin grandisin: structure given in first source; a lignan isolated from the bark of Cryptocarya crassinervia; RN given refers to ((2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta)-(-))-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | lignan | |
| alpha bitter acid humulon: antibiotic from hops; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone; diketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | antibacterial drug; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite |
| lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 5.65 | 71 | 0 | ||
| 2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | tetritol phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | tripeptide | |
| epiafzelechin epiafzelechin: antioxidant; 3'-deoxy form of epicatechin; structure in first source. (-)-epiafzelechin : A catechin derivative having (2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | catechin | plant metabolite |
| petunidin-3-glucoside [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanin cation; aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside | antioxidant; metabolite |
| malvidin-3-glucoside malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanin cation; aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside | metabolite |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 4.47 | 20 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid | 4.28 | 17 | 0 | cinnamic acid | plant metabolite |
| ergosterol [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols | fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 8.72 | 10 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 5.29 | 49 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 3.18 | 5 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 3.04 | 4 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid. | 7.14 | 57 | 0 | ferulic acids | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 4.25 | 16 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| lycopene [no description available] | 4.26 | 17 | 0 | acyclic carotene | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| gamma-glutamyl hydroxamate glutamine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid that is L-glutamine hydroxylated at N-5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamic acid derivative; hydroxamic acid | |
| iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES). | 5.56 | 26 | 0 | ||
| laminaran laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | ||
| conidendrin conidendrin: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,9alpha,9abeta))-isomer; a phenyl-naphthyl-furanolactone | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | lignan | metabolite |
| gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols | marine metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 7-methoxyflavone 7-methoxyflavone: an aromatase inhibitor | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ether; flavonoids | |
| shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | |
| 23-hydroxytormentic acid 23-hydroxytormentic acid: from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae); structure in first source. 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is asiatic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 19. It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite |
| grandinin grandinin: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| rubrofusarin gentiobioside rubrofusarin gentiobioside: isolated from seeds of Cassia tora; structure in first source | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoxanthohumol isoxanthohumol: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | flavanones | |
| potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| zn(ii)-phthalocyanine [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | metallophthalocyanine; zinc tetrapyrrole | fluorochrome |
| 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | aminoxyls; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | |
| triacetoneamine-n-oxyl Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl: Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.. 4-oxo-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying an oxo group at position 4. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminoxyls; piperidones | radical scavenger |
| spathulenol spathulenol: sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. & Artemisia dracunculus L.. spathulenol : A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol: a pheromone from the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
| tolfenamic acid tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 5,7,3',4'-tetramethylluteolin 5,7,3',4'-tetramethylluteolin: a flavonoid from the East Asian medicinal plant Orthosiphon spicatus; prevents oxidative inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nemorosone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | rhaponticin | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | 3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes | antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent |
| elaidic acid [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | food component |
| 3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.. 3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 3-coumaric acid | |
| trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. | 4.39 | 19 | 0 | 4-coumaric acid | food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | anethole | flavouring agent |
| geraniol [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol | allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| glycosides [no description available] | 6.35 | 145 | 0 | ||
| chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | 9.17 | 16 | 0 | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
| sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. | 5.15 | 10 | 0 | sinapic acid | MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite |
| teucrol teucrol: from Teucrium pilosum; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide | food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | |
| squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | triterpene | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 5.56 | 65 | 0 | stilbene | |
| coumestan coumestan: structure in first source. coumestan : A member of the class of coumestans that is 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene substituted by an oxo group at position 6. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | coumestans; delta-lactone | phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| curvularin curvularin: from Penicillium Baradicum Baghdadi; structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol | anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | food antioxidant |
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 5.12 | 41 | 0 | ||
| vasicine vasicine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503) | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | 12.25 | 64 | 0 | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| methyl caffeate methyl caffeate: from plant Gaillardia pulchella. methyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester formed by the formal condensation of caffeic acid with methyl alcohol. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester; methyl ester | |
| isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | ferulic acids | antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite |
| ethyl ferulate ethyl ferulate: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | isoeugenol | plant metabolite |
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 5.47 | 57 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | thiazolidinone | |
| thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols; phenylpropanoid | animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | coumarins; monoterpenoid | antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary |
| caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | epoxide | metabolite |
| chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 5.32 | 50 | 0 | cinnamate ester; tannin | food component; plant metabolite |
| 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur. | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | barbiturates | allergen; reagent |
| thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas | |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | thiocarboxamide | hepatotoxic agent |
| unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | aminoxyls; piperidines | catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tocopherylquinone tocopherylquinone: RN refers to (3R-(3R*,7R*,11R*))-isomer; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nadp [no description available] | 3.82 | 11 | 0 | ||
| scandium triflate scandium triflate: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dieckol dieckol: found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation; structure in first source. dieckol : A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; oxacycle; phlorotannin | anticoagulant; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyloxy 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyloxy: structure given in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cystine [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rasagiline [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| valmane valtrates (combination): from Valerianaceae species; combination of valtratum, acevaltratum & didrovaltratum; structure (valtratum) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pelargonidin-3-glucoside pelargonidin-3-glucoside: structure given in first source; RN given for chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 1/93. pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanin chlorides | |
| tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium iii tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium III: RN refers to trichloride | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phillygenin phillygenin: cytoprotective lignan from Forsythia suspensa; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982 | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | ||
| wogonoside wogonoside: from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure in first source. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | |
| aloesaponarin ii aloesaponarin II: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1,4-benzothiazine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 3.23 | 5 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | ||
| mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| flavan-3-ol flavan-3-ol: structure in first source | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | hydroxyflavonoid | |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 3 | 4 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 4.09 | 14 | 0 | ||
| sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
| 2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid anion | |
| 1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene 1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene: reagent for determination of selenium in milk with gas chromatograph. 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine : The primary amino compound that is 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) substituted at the 4- (para-) position by a nitro group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; primary amino compound | |
| fraxetin fraxetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 6-methoxycoumarin in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 8 have been replaced by hydroxy groups. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; apoptosis inhibitor; Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent |
| 5,6-dehydrokawain 5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; aromatic ether | |
| quercetin 3-o-glucuronide quercetin 3-O-glucuronide: structure in first source. miquelianin : A quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities. | 2 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; quercetin O-glycoside | antidepressant; antioxidant; metabolite |
| isoliensinine isoliensinine: isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine lotus plumule; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| quercetin [no description available] | 9.76 | 145 | 1 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 3.34 | 6 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.66 | 9 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| biochanin a [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| sinapine sinapine: black mustard seeds, seeds of Brassica nigra; RN given refers to parent; structure. sinapine : An acylcholine in which the acyl group specified is sinapoyl. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | acylcholine | antioxidant; photosynthetic electron-transport chain inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| vitexin [no description available] | 3.43 | 7 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | anticonvulsant; plant metabolite |
| apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | 4.87 | 32 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| luteolin [no description available] | 4.77 | 29 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antioxidant; metabolite |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 7.95 | 132 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| quercitrin [no description available] | 3.68 | 9 | 0 | alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| scopoletin [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 8.58 | 179 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor |
| daphnetin [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
| luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| rumenic acid 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-cis,11-trans-stereochemistry. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid | |
| gossypetin gossypetin: inhibits activity of penicillinase enzyme in E coli. gossypetin : A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- 7- and 8-positions. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | plant metabolite |
| rosin rosin: Resin from plant. Do not confuse with the specific compound: 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-(E)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, also know as rosin. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| apigetrin apigetrin: structure given in first source. apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | plant metabolite |
| quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 5.09 | 40 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| kaempferol [no description available] | 4.71 | 27 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | carotenol | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor |
| alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| naringenin chalcone naringenin chalcone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereoisomer & from CA Vol 92 Form Index; RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/6/83; structure in first source. 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' ,4, 4', and 6' respectively. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | chalcones; polyphenol | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| cyclobenzaprine punicic acid: a conjugated linolenic acid. (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid : A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum). | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| butein [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | chalcones; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
| capsanthin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carotenone | plant metabolite |
| cryptoxanthins Cryptoxanthins: Mono-hydroxylated xanthophylls formed from the hydroxylation of BETA-CAROTENE. Isomers include: beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-cryptoxanthin, and zeinoxanthin. The alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin are provitamin A precursors.. beta-cryptoxanthin : A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | antioxidant; biomarker; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| fucoxanthin fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. | 7.95 | 4 | 0 | ||
| lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | carotenol | food colouring; plant metabolite |
| isobavachalcone isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | chalcones; polyphenol | antibacterial agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| okanin okanin: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source. okanin : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 2', 3', and 4' respectively. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol; chalcones | plant metabolite |
| brassicasterol brassicasterol : An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols | algal metabolite; animal metabolite; biomarker; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; human metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
| geranylgeraniol (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | geranylgeraniol | |
| genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside | |
| esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter |
| esculin [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant; metabolite |
| 7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite |
| alpha-farnesene alpha-farnesene: structure given in first source. alpha-farnesene : A farnesene that is 1,3,6,10-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 respectively.. farnesene : A sesquiterpene that is any of the four possible isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene (alpha-farnesene) or of the two possible isomers of 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | alpha-farnesene | |
| humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | alpha-humulene | |
| oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| garcinol garcinol: from stem bark of Garcinia huillensis; has chemotherapeutic activity against gram-positive & gram-negative cocci, mycobacteria & fungi | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | macrolide; resorcinols | fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen |
| amentoflavone [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| baicalein [no description available] | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger |
| chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 3.35 | 6 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| diosmin [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant |
| fisetin [no description available] | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone | antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| demethylbellidifolin demethylbellidifolin: protects the myocardium against damage due to ischemia-reperfusion in rats. bellidin : A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | tetrol; xanthones | antioxidant; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mutagen; radical scavenger |
| hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| gentiacaulein gentiacaulein: structure in first source. gentiacaulein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 6. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; polyphenol; xanthones | plant metabolite |
| gentisein gentisein: isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum; structure in first source. gentisein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 7. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | polyphenol; xanthones | plant metabolite |
| hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; xanthones | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group. | 3.74 | 10 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone | anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| swerchirin swerchirin: from Swertia tetrapetala Pall; structure given in first source. swerchirin : A member of the class of xanthones that is the 5-O-methyl derivative of bellidifolin. Isolated from Centaurium erythraea and Swertia chirayita, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | hypoglycemic agent; metabolite |
| morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| myricetin [no description available] | 3.89 | 11 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone | anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| quercetagetin quercetagetin: structure given in first source; inhibits aldose reductase in rat lens. quercetagetin : A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | flavonols; hexahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; antiviral agent; plant metabolite |
| scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. | 2.82 | 3 | 0 | tetrahydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| tricin tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 3'-methoxyflavones; dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| daidzein [no description available] | 3.82 | 11 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| pterostilbene [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organooxygen compound | geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor |
| echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | oligosaccharide | |
| forsythiaside forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao) | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| 3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid: isolated from Siphonostegia chinensis | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | quinic acid | |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component. | 3.32 | 6 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| plantamajoside plantamajoside: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source | 2.96 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| salvianolic acid a salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia | 3.21 | 5 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. | 4.07 | 14 | 0 | catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| tectoridin tectoridin: glycosylated tectorigenin. tectoridin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
| tectorigenin tectorigenin: tectoridin is glycosylated form. tectorigenin : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones; methoxyisoflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite |
| rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
| ellagic acid [no description available] | 4.26 | 17 | 0 | catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol | antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| tectochrysin tectochrysin: structure in first source. tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | antidiarrhoeal drug; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4 | human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug |
| rhoifolin rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; neohesperidoside | metabolite |
| trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid having (10E,12Z)-configuration. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid | |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal | |
| methyl 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoate methyl linoleate hydroperoxide: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methyl linoleate [no description available] | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | fatty acid methyl ester | plant metabolite |
| 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite |
| 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source. 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | anti-inflammatory agent; antimutagen; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; PPARgamma agonist |
| fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid : An omega-hydroxy amino acid that is 2-decenoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group and in which the C=C double bond has E configuration. It is a component of royal jelly. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid; omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid | animal metabolite; geroprotector |
| bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| centaureidin centaureidin: structure given in first source; isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum, Brickellia veronicaefolia. centaureidin : A trihydroxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii and Athroisma proteiforme. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| isochlorogenic acid [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | quinic acid | |
| cycloheterophyllin cycloheterophyllin: RN refers to ((+)-)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | extended flavonoid | |
| kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside: from apple (Malus domestica) leaves; structure in first source. afzelin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite |
| syringin syringin: a phenylpropanoid glycoside; see also eleutherosides & lyoniside for eleutheroside A: 474-58-8. syringin : A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; dimethoxybenzene; monosaccharide derivative; primary alcohol | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| lupiwighteone lupiwighteone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoflavones | |
| glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone | fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| hexahydrocurcumin hexahydrocurcumin: from Zingiber officinale; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | diarylheptanoid | |
| ginnalin a ginnalin A: isolated from Acer pycnanthum; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| andrographolide [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| isomangiferin isomangiferin: structure given in first source. isomangiferin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; polyphenol; xanthones | anti-HSV-1 agent; plant metabolite |
| isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| isorhapontigenin isorhapontigenin: isolated from the seeds of Aiphanes aculeata Willd. (Arecaceae); structure in first source | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| kaempferol 3-o-neohesperidoside kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside: isolated from Daphniphyllum calycinum; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | flavonoids; glycoside | |
| kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone | metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea. | 2 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | plant metabolite |
| neobavaisoflavone neobavaisoflavone: isolated from Psoralea corylifolia; structure in first source. neobavaisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| beta-ocimene beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-ocimene | plant metabolite |
| baicalein-7-o-glucoside baicalein-7-O-glucoside: isolated from Oroxylum indicum; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| tiliroside tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cinnamate ester; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | plant metabolite |
| quercetin 3-o-gentiobioside quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside: an antioxidant with hypoglycemic and anticholesteremic activities; structure in first source. quercetin 3-beta-gentiobioside : A quercetin O-glycoside in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 of quercetin has been replaced by a gentiobiosyl group. | 2.93 | 3 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | Brassica napus metabolite |
| 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | flavones | |
| caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nifuroxazide nifuroxazide: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | |
| ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid | antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| ermanin ermanin: from Tanacetum microphyllum; structure given in first source. 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol : A dimethoxyflavone that is kaempferol in which the hydroxy groups at position 3 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It is a component of bee glue and isolated from several plant species including Tanacetum microphyllum. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| guttiferone a guttiferone A: antibacterial from Clusiaceae family; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| tin [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom | micronutrient |
| 6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide) | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | metal atom; pnictogen | |
| thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| calcium bromide calcium bromide: can cause skin injuries | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt | |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 2 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 4.68 | 6 | 1 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| germacrene d germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7 | 3.06 | 4 | 0 | ||
| norstictic acid norstictic acid: from Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| apigenin-7-o-glucuronide apigenin-7-O-glucuronide: from the leaves and flowers of the cannabinoid-free cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L., Cannabaceae); structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | flavonoids; glucosiduronic acid | |
| 3,7-dihydroxyflavone 3,7-dihydroxyflavone: structure in first source. 7-hydroxyflavonol : Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavan | |
| artocarpin lectin artocarpin lectin: a mannose-specific lectin; from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia; a homotetramic protein distinct from jacalin, another jackfruit lectin; MW 65 kDa; devoid of covalently-attached carbohydrates; consists of 4 isolectins with pI 5 - 6.5; do not confuse with artocarpin flavone. artocarpin : A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2', and 4', a methoxy group at position 7, a prenyl group at position 3 and a (1E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl group at position 6. Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integrifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| americanin a americanin A: structure given in first source; structure originally thought to be that given for isoamericanin A; isolated from the seeds of Phytolacca americana; chemline record for americanin A is for isoamericanin A | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxine | |
| sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester | antigen; mouse metabolite |
| deoxyribose [no description available] | 4.7 | 28 | 0 | deoxypentose | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phycocyanobilin phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 4.24 | 17 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| isophthalate isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid dianion | |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| gluconasturtiin gluconasturtiin: hydrolysis yields phenylethyl isothiocyanate; structure in first source. gluconasturtiin : An aralkylglucosinolic acid that consists of 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose attached to a 3-phenyl-N-(sulfooxy)propanimidoyl group at the anomeric sulfur. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aralkylglucosinolic acid; benzenes | |
| 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source | 12.59 | 653 | 1 | ||
| ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| lavandulol lavandulol: defensive pheromone of the red-lined carrion beetle and additive in perfumes; structure in first source. lavandulol : A monoterpenoid alcohol that is hepta-1-5-diene which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. It is commonly found in lavender oil. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | lavandulol | |
| 2,3-dehydrosilybin dehydrosilybin: inhibits cytochrome P450 1A1 catalytic activity; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | flavonolignan | |
| bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| demethoxycurcumin demethoxycurcumin: corresponds to curcumin with one methoxy group replaced by hydrogen; isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. demethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| artonin e artonin E: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Artocarpus communis Forst. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 24-ethyl-4-cholesten-3-one stigmast-4-en-3-one: from the bark of Anacardium occidentale (cashew); structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | C29-steroid; steroid | metabolite |
| lespenefril lespenefril: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alpha-L-rhamnoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; hypoglycemic agent; immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: active metabolite of potent mutagen Trp-P-2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quercetin 3-sambubioside quercetin 3-sambubioside: isolated from Actinidia arguta. quercetin 3-O-[beta-D-xylosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-sambubiosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidc linkage. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 3,8-dihydroxy-6h-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one: metabolite of ellagic acid | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | geroprotector |
| avicularin avicularin: from Polygonum aviculare L.; RN given refers to L-isomer. avicularin : A quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alpha-L-arabinofuranoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | triglyceride | Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite |
| gedunin gedunin: isolated from neem (Azadirachta indica); structure in first source. gedunin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | limonoid | |
| abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | 2-trans-abscisic acid | |
| mimulone mimulone: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzyl caffeate benzyl caffeate: isolated from Liaoxi propolis | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt | fertilizer |
| bisabolol bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | ||
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 4.6 | 23 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| selenourea [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. | 2 | 1 | 0 | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | |
| antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| cadinol cadinol: from callus cultures of Chamomilla recutita (Asteraceae) | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cedrene cedrene: major constituent of cedarwood oil. cedr-8-ene : A sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | bridged compound; carbotricyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene | human urinary metabolite; volatile oil component |
| rehmannic acid rehmannic acid: toxic principle, triterpene acid from Lantana camara; RN given refers to (22beta-(Z))-isomer; structure | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dehydrocurvularin [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| plastochromanol 8 plastochromanol 8: has antiproliferative activity against 3T3-L1 cells and anti-adipogenic activity; structure; plastochromanol 3 is gamma-tocotrienol | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| broussochalcone a broussochalcone A: RN given for (E)-isomer; inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst; structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| entadamide a entadamide A: structure given in first source; RN refers to (E)-isomer; isolated from Entada phaseoloides | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | N-acylethanolamine | |
| yakuchinone b yakuchinone B: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caftaric acid [no description available] | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| picroside i picroside I: RN given for (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta(E),5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; hepatoprotective agent; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| valerenic acid valerenic acid: a saturated oplopanone type indene from Valeriana officinalis. valerenic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; sesquiterpenoid | GABA modulator; plant metabolite; sedative; volatile oil component |
| marein marein: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | flavonoids; glycoside | |
| isoobtusilactone a isoobtusilactone A: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxolanes | |
| bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | ||
| soya-cerebroside i soya-cerebroside I: from soybean seeds of Glycine max Merrill; exhibits ionophoretic activity for Ca++ ion; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flexirubins flexirubins: pigments found in the outer membrane of Flexibacter elegans, characterized by non-isoprenoid omega-substituted polyene carboxylic acids esterified with 2,5-dialkylated resorcinols; structure. flexirubin : The parent member of the class of flexirubins obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 17-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)heptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaenoic acid with one of the phenolic hydroxy groups of 2-dodecyl-5-methyl resorcinol.. flexirubins : Flexirubins are a unique type of pigment produced by various bacteria species characterised by a common structure comprising non-isoprenoid omega-substituted polyene carboxylic acids esterified with 2,5-dialkylated resorcinols. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite |
| oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| engeletin engeletin: dihydroflavonol glycoside from the leaves of Stelechocarpus cauliflorus; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sophoraflavanone a sophoraflavanone A: structure in first source. sophoraflavanone A : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a geranyl group at position 8. Isolated from Macaranga bicolor, it exhibits antibacterial and antineoplastic activities. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| isoacteoside isoacteoside: a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Indian paintbrush (Verbenaceae) Castilleja linariaefolia; also in other plants; structure given in first source | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| panduratin a panduratin A: isolated from Kaempferia pandurata; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diarylheptanoid | metabolite |
| aurone [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | aurones; cyclic ketone | |
| beta-escin [no description available] | 4.93 | 34 | 0 | ||
| s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| beta-tocopherol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | tocopherol; vitamin E | food component; plant metabolite |
| porphyra-334 porphyra-334: structure in first source | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid | |
| ergostane ergostane: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | steroid fundamental parent | |
| beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | beta-elemene | antineoplastic agent |
| bornyl acetate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | |
| pinostrobin pinostrobin: structure in first source. pinostrobin : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ether; flavonoids | |
| isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | borneol | |
| cyclo(glycyltryptophyl) cyclo(glycyltryptophyl): structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | indoles | metabolite |
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| oleanane oleanane: from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene | |
| drimane drimane: structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
| mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | magnesium salt | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| s-allylcysteine S-allylcysteine: structure in first source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. S-allylcysteine : An S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulphur is replaced by a prop-2-enyl group. It commonly occurs in garlic and has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| dehydroevodiamine dehydroevodiamine: RN given refers to hydroxide, inner salt; structure in first source. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| apigenin-7-o-rutinoside [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 4.78 | 29 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| alloin alloin: isolated from various species of aloe; structure | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture | EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; laxative |
| n-acetylcarnosine N-acetylcarnosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N-acetylcarnosine : A dipeptide that is the N-acetyl derivative of carnosine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| secoisolariciresinol diglucoside secoisolariciresinol diglucoside: major precursor of mammalian lignans; structure given in first source; RN given refers to B-D-GLUCO isomer | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sorbitan monooleate [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| zeolites [no description available] | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dimethoxycurcumin dimethoxycurcumin: has antineoplsatic activity; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| neoechinulin a neoechinulin A: from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phomoxanthone a phomoxanthone A: xanthone dimer from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis species; structure in first source. phomoxanthone A : A member of the class of xanthones that is a dimer isolated from Phomopsis. It exhibits cytotoxic, antimalarial and antitubercular activities. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cynandione a cynandione A: isolated from Cynanchum wilfordii; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| myrigalone b myrigalone B: structure given in first source | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | chalcones | |
| heptakis(2,6-o-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: stimulant for Bordetella pertussis Phase I | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-acetylcysteinamide [no description available] | 2.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thonningianin a thonningianin A: an ellagitannin from the African medicinal herb Thonningia sanguinea; structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | tannin | metabolite |
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 4.29 | 17 | 0 | ||
| 4,5-diaminofluorescein 4,5-diaminofluorescein: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alloaromadendrene alloaromadendrene: isolated from the volatile oil of the soft corals Clavularia viridis and Sarcophyton acutangulum; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxymatairesinol hydroxymatairesinol: a plant lignan from Norway spruce (Picea abies); structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | D-ribose; ribopyranose | |
| acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose | |
| erysotramidine erysotramidine: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin | anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite |
| nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | nystatins | |
| glyceryl ferulate 1-feruloylglycerol: has antioxidant activity; structure in first source. 1-feruloyl-sn-glycerol : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-ferulic acid with the 1-hydroxy group of glycerol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-monoglyceride; aromatic ether; enoate ester; phenols | antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter |
| bisorbicillinol bisorbicillinol: structure in first source | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vialinin a vialinin A: free radical scavenger from an edible mushroom in China; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| himachalene himachalene: structure in first source. (R)-beta-himachalene : The (R)-enantiomer of beta-himachalene. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | beta-himachalene | |
| chlorophyll b [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | chlorophyll | cofactor |
| myrigalone a myrigalone A: a phytotoxin isolated from the fruit of Myrica gale; structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| guluronic acid [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrate acid derivative | |
| 2-hydroxyemodin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| td-5108 TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | ||
| scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 3.24 | 5 | 0 | ||
| viridiflorol viridiflorol: a strong feeding deterrent for the melaleuca weevil that retards larval development; structure in first source. viridiflorol : A carbotricyclic compound that is (1aS,4aR,7aR,7bR)-decahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying four methyl substituents at positions 1, 1, 4 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from several plant species and is a strong feeding deterrent for the melaleuca weevil that retards larval development. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifeedant; antimycobacterial drug; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| morelloflavone morelloflavone: also inhibits cruzain; RN given for (2S-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-morelloflavone : A biflavonoid found in Rheedia edulis and Garcinia livingstonei. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavanone; hydroxyflavone | plant metabolite |
| monascin monascin: a pigment isolated from Monascus pilosus fermented rice; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. monascin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; polyketide | antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; PPARgamma agonist |
| phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond. | 3.72 | 9 | 0 | ||
| myricetin-3-o-galactoside myricetin-3-O-galactoside: antioxidant and antigenotoxic from Myrtus communis; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nomilin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thienopyrimidine thienopyrimidine: structure in first source. thienopyrimidine : A class of aromatic heterobicyclic compounds each of which contains a pyrimidine ring ortho fused to a 5-membered thiophene ring. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 7-hydroxycalamenene 7-hydroxycalamenene: from Malagasy liverwort, Bazzania nitida; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rosmanol rosmanol: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| prim-o-glucosylcimifugin prim-O-glucosylcimifugin: from Peucedanum dissolutum; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | |
| asperflavin asperflavin: metabolic product of Aspergillus flavus | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| norisoboldine norisoboldine: from Croton lechleri, a source of the wound healing latex sangre de grado; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ankaflavin ankaflavin: from Monascus-fermented red rice; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fortunellin fortunellin: from Mentha piperita; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| friedelane friedelane: from leaves of Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae); structure in first source. friedelane : A triterpene that is docosahydropicene substituted by 8 methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 4a, 6a, 8a, 9, 12b and 14a. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | triterpene | metabolite |
| cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| adonifoline adonifoline: isolated from Senecio scandens;structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| malonylgenistin malonylgenistin: structure in first source. malonylgenistin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is genistin in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 6'' has been replaced by a malonyl group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyisoflavone; hydroxyisoflavone; malonate ester; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| palythine palythine: a mycosporine-like amino acid | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| deinoxanthin deinoxanthin: isolated from Deinococcus radiodurans; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | xanthophyll | |
| diphlorethohydroxycarmalol diphlorethohydroxycarmalol: carmalol derivative from a brown Alga, Ishige okamurae with inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| heteranthin heteranthin: from the seeds of Ditaxis heterantha; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| jaboticabin jaboticabin: depside from the fruit of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora); structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| niga-ichigoside f1 niga-ichigoside F1: RN given for (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer. 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyrannoside : A triterpenoid saponin that is 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol; triterpenoid saponin | plant metabolite |
| thymalfasin Thymalfasin: A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing. | 5.65 | 71 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 4.35 | 17 | 0 | glycoside | |
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 5.22 | 11 | 1 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 4.23 | 16 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | ||
| argpyrimidine argpyrimidine: structure given in first source. argpyrimidine : A member of the class of hydroxypyrimidines obtained by cyclocondensation of L-arginine and methylglyoxal; a methyl glyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-product (AGE) in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and human cancers. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypyrimidine; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | epitope |
| pinoresinol pinoresinol: in plants; a furo[3,4-c]furan created from dimer of coniferyl alcohol. pinoresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted at positions 1 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl groups. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide: RN given refers to the (3-beta)-isomer; do not confuse with cholesterol hydroperoxide (5-hydroperoxycholesterol) | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | ||
| sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arjunic acid arjunic acid: from Terminalia arjuna; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| pyrazolopyridine pyrazolopyridine: act as competitive antagonists of brain adenosine A1 receptors | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 8.61 | 106 | 1 | ||
| ecklonialactone a ecklonialactone A: isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aR*,2aS*,3R*,10Z,13Z,14aR*,14bS*))-isomer; structure given in first source | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | macrolide | |
| sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | bleaching agent; disinfectant |
| potassium bromate potassium bromate: used as bread improver | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bromate salt; potassium salt | flour treatment agent |
| stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| forsythoside b forsythoside B: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methyl jasmonate [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| madecassoside [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; pentacyclic triterpenoid; trisaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; antirheumatic drug; plant metabolite; vulnerary |
| quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | fumarate salt | |
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 1-ac-trp-2-(4-cl-phe)-3-trp-6-lys-10-alanh2-lhrh MI 1544: LHRH antagonist | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mannans [no description available] | 3.47 | 7 | 0 | ||
| peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| urushiol [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycolipids [no description available] | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 2.9 | 3 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| gnaphalin gnaphalin: a lipophilic flavonol from Helichrysum sp.; structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phillyrin [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| punicalagin punicalagin: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Terminalia catappa; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
| fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 2.96 | 3 | 0 | ||
| butyrolactone i butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | |
| isoquercitrin [no description available] | 3.6 | 8 | 0 | ||
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
| anemarsaponin b anemarsaponin B: from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 11.11 | 212 | 1 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| nedocromil 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: structure in first source. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate : A dihydroxybenzoate having the two hydroxy groups located at the 3- and 4-positions. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoate | |
| dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| robustic acid robustic acid: structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | isoflavonoid; organic hydroxy compound | |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 6.41 | 50 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pulvinic acid pulvinic acid: structure in first source | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | butenolide | |
| hispidin hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus). | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | 2-pyranones; catechols | antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| ascorbic acid 2-o-glucoside ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside: has same vitamin C activity as L-ascorbic acid | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | glycoside | |
| 2-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 11-o-galloylbergenin 11-O-galloylbergenin: analgesic and anti-inflammatory; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| betalains Betalains: Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are found in the Caryophyllales order of PLANTS and some BASIDIOMYCETES. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside: antioxidant and antigenotoxic from Myrtus communis; structure in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| gkt137831 setanaxib: NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor; a pyrazolopyridine dione derivative | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrethrins [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chebulic acid chebulic acid: from the ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | ||
| agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| physalin d physalin D: from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetti; structure in first source. physalin D : A physalin with antimalarial and antimycobacterial activities isolated from Physalis angulata. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 5alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; cyclic ether; enone; lactone; organic heteroheptacyclic compound; physalin | antimalarial; antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent |
| cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | ||
| thearubigin thearubigin: from black tea leaves; a catechin oxidized product; a mixture of heterogenous polyphenols | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(phenylseleno)oct-2-en-1-one 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(phenylseleno)oct-2-en-1-one: causes oxidative damage in various tissues; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ellagitannin ellagitannin: structure; precoxin A/ praecoxin A is a purified ellagitannin. ellagitannin : A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen. | 3.36 | 5 | 0 | phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent | |
| benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methysticin methysticin: a neuroprotective constituent of kava extract; RN given for (R-(E))-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; aromatic ether | |
| isookanin isookanin: from Bidens bipinnata; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| globulol globulol: from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 3.61 | 8 | 0 | ||
| lithospermic acid lithospermic acid: isolated from Lithospermum ruderale | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| neochrome neochrome: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neferine neferine: isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chebulinic acid chebulinic acid: one of the allagitannins in the seeds of Euphoria longana; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chebulagic acid [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sorbicillinol sorbicillinol: structure in first source | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| crenatoside crenatoside: structure given in first source; isolated from the aerial parts of Orobanche crenata | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| akebia saponin d akebia saponin D: isolated from Dipsacus asper; structure in first source. akebia saponin D : A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage and a 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via an ester linkage. It is the active ingredient found in the traditional Chinese herb Radix Dipsaci. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neohesperidin [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| poncirin poncirin: isolated from the fructus of Poncirus trifoliata; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 2.87 | 3 | 0 | ||
| apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 3.58 | 8 | 0 | ||
| rhamnogalacturonan i rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| promega Promega: refined fish-oil product concentrated in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids; principal fatty acids are 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid & 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxyguanosine [no description available] | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hypoxanthine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | fundamental metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 5.57 | 67 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| cyadox cyadox: structure | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
| 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | guanosines | biomarker |
| echinochrome a echinochrome A: red pigment of sea urchin eggs (Arbacia pustulosa) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds. | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | ||
| acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| picroside ii picroside II: RN given for (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6abeta))-isomer; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | ||
| yo-pro 1 YO-PRO 1: a generally membrane impermeable fluorescent dye | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-succinyl-chitosan [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| porphyran porphyran: agarose highly substituted by 6-O-sulfation of L-galactose units & 6-O-methylation of D-galactose units; from Porphyra umbicicalis & Bangia fuscopurpurea | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 37 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 6 | 37 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 4.29 | 17 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 6.5 | 64 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 6.5 | 64 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 5.93 | 92 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 5.93 | 92 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.87 | 34 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 5.87 | 34 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 6.33 | 13 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 6.33 | 13 | 1 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 4.55 | 8 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 4 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 4.55 | 8 | 0 |
| Urinary Lithiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 3 | 0 |
| Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 2.89 | 3 | 0 |
| Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight. | 0 | 6.31 | 12 | 1 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 6.64 | 75 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 2.84 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 2.84 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 3.25 | 5 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.52 | 7 | 0 |
| Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 3.45 | 6 | 0 |
| Dyslipidemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 2 | 1 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 3.9 | 2 | 1 |
| Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 8.04 | 78 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 8.04 | 78 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 3.05 | 4 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 5 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 3.49 | 7 | 0 |
| Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 7 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 4.26 | 16 | 0 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 4 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 3.01 | 4 | 0 |
| Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 5.14 | 42 | 0 |
| Ovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation. | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 2 | 0 |
| Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN. | 0 | 2.69 | 2 | 0 |
| Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 5 | 0 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 3.25 | 5 | 0 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 26 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 5.6 | 26 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 5 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.94 | 12 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 3.46 | 7 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 3.94 | 12 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 4.17 | 15 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 6.87 | 60 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 6.87 | 60 | 0 |
| Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Aberrant Crypt Foci Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma. | 0 | 2.85 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 17 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 4.27 | 17 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 22 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 4.52 | 22 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 18 | 0 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 4.34 | 18 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 9 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 4.58 | 9 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 8 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 3.64 | 8 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 3.21 | 5 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 3.59 | 8 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 3.59 | 8 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 3.07 | 4 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 4 | 0 |
| Sore Throat [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 3.03 | 4 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 9 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 3.68 | 9 | 0 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 4.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 3 | 0 |
| Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) | 0 | 2.85 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| B16 Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.15 | 15 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Cognitive Decline [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Inadequate Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 3.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Surgical Incision [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Toxicity [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.84 | 3 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 9 | 0 |
| Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.66 | 9 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 4.13 | 15 | 0 |
| Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 3.18 | 5 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 3.18 | 5 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Fungal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI. | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 4.9 | 13 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 4.9 | 13 | 0 |
| Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989) | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 3.2 | 5 | 0 |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 3.46 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 6.68 | 12 | 1 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 6.68 | 12 | 1 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 6.36 | 14 | 1 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Food Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| African Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 5 | 0 |
| Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Break-Bone Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia L 1210 [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Torsion [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypermelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anisakiasis Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute NAUSEA; VOMITING; or penetrate into the wall of the DIGESTIVE TRACT where they give rise to EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA in the STOMACH; INTESTINES; or the OMENTUM. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Malnourishment [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmania Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Health Care Associated Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Favism Hemolytic anemia due to the ingestion of fava beans or after inhalation of pollen from the Vicia fava plant by persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Candida Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Hay Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Death [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| CBS Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |