| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
nornicotine
nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
glycine
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical |
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid | |
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | human metabolite;
MALDI matrix material |
epibatidine
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid | |
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine | drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic |
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | acridines;
aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent |
fusaric acid
Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines | |
pf 5901
alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
4-methylglutamic acid
4-methylglutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is glutamic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid;
glutamic acid derivative | |
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid;
iminium betaine | food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite |
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt;
carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic |
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic |
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene | |
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite |
cytisine
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid;
bridged compound;
lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
phytotoxin;
plant metabolite |
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 6.72 | 31 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist |
anatabine
anatabine: alkaloid found in tobacco; structure | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines | |
anabaseine
anabaseine: structure given in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines | |
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 8.99 | 4 | 0 | glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical |
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
nerisopam
Nerisopam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | | |
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic |
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen | micronutrient |
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole
3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole: structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
acromelic acid b
acromelic acid B: structure in first source | 4.54 | 7 | 0 | | |
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |
anabasine
Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | anabasine | |
gentianine
gentianine: from Gentiana macrophylla | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | lactone;
pyranopyridine;
pyridine alkaloid | |
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite |
huperzine a
[no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound;
primary amino compound;
pyridone;
sesquiterpene alkaloid | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
plant metabolite |
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative | |
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
5-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo(g)indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime
5-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo(G)indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime: a non-NMDA receptor antagonist; shows selective displacement of low-affinity kainate binding; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | | |
domoic acid
domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid;
tricarboxylic acid | algal metabolite;
hapten;
marine metabolite;
neuromuscular agent;
neurotoxin |
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic |
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist |
militarinone a
militarinone A: Structure in first source. militarinone A : A pyridine alkaloid that is 1,4-dihydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one substituted by a cis-1,4-dihydroxycyclohexyl group at position 5 and a (2E,4E,6E,8R,10R)-6,8,10-trimethyldodeca-2,4,6-trienoyl moiety at position 3. It is isolated from the mycelium of the entomogenous fungus, Paecilomyces militaris and has been found to induce pronounced neurite sprouting. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | | |