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carcinogenic agent

A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.

ChEBI ID: 50903

Members (139)

MemberDefinitionClass
1-methylnaphthaleneA methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.1-methylnaphthalene
1-nitropyreneA nitroarene that is pyrene substituted at the 1-position by a nitro group. A by-product of combustion, it is the predominant nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted in a diesel engine.1-nitropyrene
1,2-dimethylhydrazineA member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.1,2-dimethylhydrazine
1,2-naphthoquinoneThe parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.1,2-naphthoquinone
1,3-butadieneA butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.buta-1,3-diene
1,4-dioxaneA dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.1,4-dioxane
1,5-naphthalenediamineA naphthalenediamine compound having amino substituents in the 1- and 5-positions.naphthalene-1,5-diamine
2-acetylaminofluoreneThe parent of the class of 2-acetamidofluorenes, being an ortho-fused polycyclic arene that consists of 9H-fluorene bearing an acetamido substituent at position 2. It is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene.2-acetamidofluorene
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridineAn imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.PhIP
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinolineAn imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine
2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxalineAn imidazoquinoxaline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline substituted at positions 3 and 8 by methyl groups and at position 2 by an amino group. A mutagenic compound found in cooked beef.MeIQx
2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridineAn imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, hydoxyamino, and phenyl groups, respectively. The active metabolite of the dietary carcinogen PhIP.N-hydroxy-PhIP
2-hydroxyestradiolA 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
2-naphthylamineA naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.2-naphthylamine
2-nitroanisoleA member of the class of 2-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.2-nitroanisole
2-nitrofluoreneA nitroarene that is fluorene substituted by a nitro group at position 2.2-nitrofluorene
2-nitropropaneA secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC).2-nitropropane
2-nitrotolueneA mononitrotoluene that is toluene carrying a nitro substituent at position 2.2-nitrotoluene
2-toluidineAn aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.o-toluidine
2,4,6-trichlorophenolA trichlorophenol with phenolic substituents on positions 2, 4 and 6.2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2,6-dichlorobenzoquinoneA member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product found in drinking water.2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone
2,6-xylidineA primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 6-positions are replaced by methyl groups. It is used in the production of some anasthetics and other chemicals. It is a drug metabolite of lidocaine (local anasthetic).2,6-dimethylaniline
3-methylcholanthreneA pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.3-methylcholanthrene
3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride hydrochlorideA hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride and hydrogen chloride.3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride.HCl
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-olA member of the class of nitrosamines that is butan-1-ol substituted by a pyridin-3-yl group at position 1 and by a methyl(nitroso)amino group at position 4. It is a major metabolite of nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which is a carcinogen found in tobacco and responsible for inducing lung cancer in smokers.4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
4-biphenylamineAn aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.biphenyl-4-amine
4-hydroxyestroneA 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.4-hydroxyestrone
4-methylcatecholA methylcatechol having a single methyl substituent at the 4-position. It has been isolated from Picea abies.4-methylcatechol
4-methylimidazoleImidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.4-methylimidazole
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxideA quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.4-nitroquinoline N-oxide
4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxideThe diepoxide of 4-vinylcyclohexene.4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethaneAn aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
5-methoxyindoleacetic acidA member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids in which the hydrogen at position 5 of indole-3-acetic acid has been replaced by a methoxy group.5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthraceneA tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.7,12-dimethyltetraphene
acetaldehydeThe aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.acetaldehyde
acetoxyacetylaminofluoreneA 2-acetamidofluorene compound in which the parent 2-acetamidofluorene is substituted on nitrogen by an acetoxy group.N-acetoxy-2-acetamidofluorene
acriflavine chlorideThe 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride
acrylamideA member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia.acrylamide
acrylonitrileA nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an ethenyl group.acrylonitrile
aflatoxin b1An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.aflatoxin B1
aflatoxin q1A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at the pro-3S position is replaced by a hydroxy group.aflatoxin Q1
aplysiatoxinThe parent member of the class of aplysiatoxins. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs.aplysiatoxin
aristolochic acid cAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid C
aristolochic acid DAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid D
aristolochic acid iAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.aristolochic acid A
aristolochic acid iiAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid B
azathioprineA thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.azathioprine
benzeneA six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised pi system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system.benzene
benzidineA member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.benzidine
benzo(a)pyreneAn ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.benzo[a]pyrene
benzo(e)pyreneAn ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC.benzo[e]pyrene
benzotrichlorideAn organochlorine compound that is toluene in which all three hydrogens of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorines. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and dye chemistry.(trichloromethyl)benzene
benzoyl chlorideAn acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.benzoyl chloride
berylliumAlkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.beryllium atom; beryllium(0)
beryllium chlorideA compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.beryllium dichloride
beryllium oxideA beryllium molecular entity consisting of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and oxide in the ratio 1:1. In the solid state, BeO adopts the hexagonal wurtzite structure form while in the vapour phase, it is present as discrete diatomic covalent molecules.beryllium oxide
bis(chloromethyl) etherAn ether that is dimethyl ether in which one of the hydrogens attached to each of the methyl group has replaced by a chlorine.bis(chloromethyl) ether
bromoethaneA bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.bromoethane
busulfanA methanesulfonate ester that is butane-1,4-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups. An alkylating antineoplastic agent, it is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (although it has been largely replaced by newer drugs). It is also used as an insect sterilant.busulfan
butyl(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamineA nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-carboxybutyl substituents. It is the principal metabolite of the bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHBN-4).N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamineA nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine
cadmium nitrateAn inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion.cadmium nitrate
captax1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol
chlorambucilA monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.chlorambucil
chlorendic acidA bridged organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with maleic anhydride followed by hydrolysis of the resulting anhydride. A chemical intermediate used in the preparation of fire-retardant polyester resins and plasticisers.chlorendic acid
chloroformA one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.chloroform
colibactinA member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles that comprises of two units of 2-[(2-{6-[(2S)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}acetamido)methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid linked together via the formal condensation of the carboxy groups. It is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut such as Escherichia coli. It has the ability to bind covalently to DNA and is strongly associated with colorectal cancer.colibactin
cyclophosphamideThe monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.cyclophosphamide hydrate
cyclosporineA cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibition of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle.cyclosporin A
dacarbazineA monocarboxylic acid amide that is 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide which is substituted at position 5 by a 3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl group. It is used for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, and in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma.dacarbazine
ddtA chlorophenylethane that is 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-diphenylethane substituted by additional chloro substituents at positions 4 of the phenyl substituents. It is a commonly used organochlorine insecticide.DDT
debromoaplysiatoxinA member of the class of aplysiatoxins that has the structure of the parent aplysiatoxin, but is lacking the bromo substituent on the benzene ring at the position para to the phenolic hydroxy group. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs.debromoaplysiatoxin
diazomethaneThe simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.diazomethane
dieldrinAn organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.dieldrin
diethyl sulfateThe diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.diethyl sulfate
diethylnitrosamineA nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.N-nitrosodiethylamine
diethylstilbestrolAn olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.diethylstilbestrol
diisopropanolnitrosamineA nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine
dimazineA member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.1,1-dimethylhydrazine
estragoleA phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.estragole
ethionineAn S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.L-ethionine
ethyl methanesulfonateA methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.ethyl methanesulfonate
ethylene dibromideA bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.1,2-dibromoethane
ethylnitrosoureaA member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea
ferric nitrilotriacetateAn iron chelate resulting from the combination of equimolar amounts of iron(3+) and nitrilotriacetate(3-).iron(III) nitrilotriacetate
formaldehydeAn aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.formaldehyde
fumonisin b1A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.fumonisin B1
fumonisin b2A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).fumonisin B2
furanA monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.furan
gw 501516An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.GW 501516
hexachlorobenzeneA member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.hexachlorobenzene
hexachloroethaneA member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane in which all the hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.hexachloroethane
hydroquinoneA benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.hydroquinone
lead chromateA chromium coordination entity comprising chromate and lead(2+) ions in a 1:1 ratiolead chromate
malachite greenAn organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.malachite green
melphalanA phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.melphalan
methanearsonous acidA one-carbon compound that is arsonous acid in which the hydrogen attached to arsenic is replaced by a methyl group.methylarsonous acid
methapyrileneA member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.methapyrilene
methapyrilene hydrochlorideA hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.methapyrilene hydrochloride
methyl methanesulfonateA methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with methanol.methyl methanesulfonate
methylene chlorideA member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.dichloromethane
methylnitrosoureaA member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
musk xyleneA C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5.musk xylene
mustard gasAn ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide
n-amyl-n-methylnitrosamineA nitrosamine that has methyl and pentyl substituents. It is a potent oesophageal carcinogen.N-methyl-N-pentylnitrosamine
n-ethyl-n-hydroxyethylnitrosamineA nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents.N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine
n-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenylA N-substituted amine that is 4-aminobiphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at the nitrogen atom.N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl
n-nitrosomorpholineA nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco.N-nitrosomorpholine
n-nitrosopiperidineA nitrosamine that is piperidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. One of the many carcinogens detected in cigarette smoke, it is found in meat, cheese and spices that have been treated with the preservative sodium nitrite.N-nitrosopiperidine
n-nitrososarcosineA nitrosamine that is sarcosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group.N-nitrososarcosine
naphthaleneAn aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia.naphthalene
nitrilotriacetic acidnitrilotriacetic acid
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amineA nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible).nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine
nitrosocarbarylA nitroso compound that is carbaryl in which the amino hydrogen is substituted by a nitroso group.nitrosocarbaryl
ochratoxin aA phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.ochratoxin A
patulinA furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.patulin
perfluorooctanoic acidA fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.perfluorooctanoic acid
phenazopyridineA diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.phenazopyridine
phenazopyridine hydrochlorideA hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phosphineThe simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.phosphane
ponceau mxA naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid carrying additional hydroxy and (2,4-dimethylphenyl)diazenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. The disodium salt is the biological stain 'acid red 26'.4-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)diazenyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
potassium chromate(vi)A potassium salt consisting of potassium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.potassium chromate
proflavineAn aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.3,6-diaminoacridine
propylthiouracilA pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.6-propyl-2-thiouracil
riddelliineA macrodiolide that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionan bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18 as well as two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16.riddelliine
riddelliine n-oxideA pyrrolizine alkaloid that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionane bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18, two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16 and an N-oxido substituent.riddelliine N-oxide
scarlet redA bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.Sudan IV
semustineAn organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.semustine
sodium arseniteAn inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.sodium arsenite
sodium chromate(vi)An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.sodium chromate
sudan iiiA bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.Sudan III
sulfamethazineA sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.sulfamethazine
tetradecanoylphorbol acetateA phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate
thiamethoxamAn oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.thiamethoxam
trichloroacetic acidA monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.trichloroacetic acid
versicolorin aAn organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 3a,12a-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-5,10-dione carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 6 and 8.versicolorin A
vinyl chlorideA monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.chloroethene
vinylidene chlorideA member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.1,1-dichloroethene
xanthurenic acid 8-methyl etherA quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is kynurenic acid which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 8.4-hydroxy-8-methoxyquinaldic acid

Research

Studies (210,273)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-199076,896 (36.57)18.7374
1990's41,320 (19.65)18.2507
2000's39,996 (19.02)29.6817
2010's39,692 (18.88)24.3611
2020's12,369 (5.88)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials5,884 (2.50%)5.53%
Reviews10,236 (4.35%)6.00%
Case Studies8,263 (3.51%)4.05%
Observational208 (0.09%)0.25%
Other210,900 (89.56%)84.16%

Protein Targets (446)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.3629112
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.852219
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency5.6082210
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency45.7832427
acid sphingomyelinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118912
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency37.3095230
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.8916135
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.717022
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency20.008418
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.226512223
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.2388383
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.103512
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.784639
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency34.1738217
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency6.006246
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.3669225
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.961438
BRCA1Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.794713
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency60.267117
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine proteaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency38.4702110
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.802012
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency46.917619
caspase-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency38.4702110
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency46.917619
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.392612
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency36.0797381
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.4757211
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.6233110
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.930213
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency8.658525
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.258911
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency24.519717
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency23.559816
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.9723218
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.701517
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.9049214
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency10.940126
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.1933120
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.9723218
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homologHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency69.7203221
ClpPBacillus subtilisPotency33.997212
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.552812
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.829812
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.809119
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.946219
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.043012
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.6774242
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.4726215
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.1365134
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.901616
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.205012
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.516012
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.930812
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency57.249626
DNA polymerase III, partialBacillus subtilisPotency5.323311
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.0520212
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.4590210
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency10.000011
Endothelin receptor type BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.562311
Endothelin-1 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.562311
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.182812330
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency36.6496356
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.638110252
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.2951124
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.9676422
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.8529560
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.240515
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase AOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Potency63.095711
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.230218
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency18.809119
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
GALC proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.146412
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.0514122
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.0266355
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.4739375
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.5904210
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.5052212
glucocerebrosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.144513
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.9055577
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.309611
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.6843228
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.309611
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.309611
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.395114
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.936626
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.022815
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.0570229
hemoglobin subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.5728516
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency26.0416214
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.294616
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.0726217
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency63.6109248
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.847914
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.809119
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.294712
hypothetical protein, conservedTrypanosoma bruceiPotency13.169234
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.5027229
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.0280316
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.934818
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.397427
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.8091118
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency9.823215
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.073616
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.073616
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.2576210
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency71.8638116
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.7711219
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency13.6156113
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform IHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency35.5753433
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.309722
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency64.467912
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.3863224
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.6758210
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.840126
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.899414
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.854112
NFKB1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.896926
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency3.163513
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency48.233312
Nrf2Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.356411
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.87414132
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.258229
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.781014
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.3966227
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.0215118
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency13.4715227
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.011911
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.14563137
P53Homo sapiens (human)Potency52.157213
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency49.483315
ParkinHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.092911
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.414424
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.7519212
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency34.298013
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.5187567
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.1730562
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency36.6495311
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency5.251319
polyproteinZika virusPotency22.230218
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.515412
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.700514
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.323319
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.7521363
pregnane X receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.3687114
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.1642238
pyruvate kinaseLeishmania mexicana mexicanaPotency3.438433
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.472024
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.109326
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency75.455024
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency23.7956291
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.506613
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.413713
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.12733141
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.9150487
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.782811
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.553133
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.413615
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.2281321
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.2281321
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.295618
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.397427
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency29.412416
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.9445115
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.711715
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.5069260
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency30.557118
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.7266318
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.294724
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency30.1237386
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.0177423
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.4652795
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.890425
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.837413
tumor necrosis factorHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.006212
tumor susceptibility gene 101 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000012
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.901616
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency5.251319
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency5.251319
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency76.6091210
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.5676235
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.1947545
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency53.648717
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency26.4019127
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency14.125411
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.900224

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC502.709012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.774512
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC502.384313
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.517313
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC5017.902013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.377013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC5017.902013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki9.377013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)IC507.991512
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.710512
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5025.411013
AcetylcholinesteraseElectrophorus electricus (electric eel)Ki0.001211
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.546733
AcetylcholinesteraseMus musculus (house mouse)Ki28.000011
Adenosine receptor A1Bos taurus (cattle)IC503.000011
Adenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)IC502.856011
Adenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.666011
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)IC509.013011
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.060011
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)IC503.876012
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.191012
Adenylate cyclase type 10Homo sapiens (human)IC503.000011
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki7,762.470011
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki7,762.470011
Aldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.460011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5010.826514
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.737314
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC505.697323
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.191012
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC505.697323
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.191012
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.826011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC509.340011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.321011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.290514
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.858814
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC507.508012
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.427512
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.151011
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.201011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC503.015512
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5011.929724
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki4.590011
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC5098.375927
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)IC503.04644142
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC502.750044
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.718366
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki3.575022
Beta-1 adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5022.088011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki12.755011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.001811
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50312.6848823
Bile salt export pumpRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50666.866713
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.500011
Bile salt export pumpRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.300011
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.992755
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.500011
Calcineurin subunit B type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5034.000011
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5073.9064611
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki11.270033
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki5.980022
Carbonic anhydraseDicentrarchus labrax (European seabass)Ki5.930011
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5091.500012
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki112.3295520
Carbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)Ki112.4860315
Carbonic anhydrase 13Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki121.6993214
Carbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)Ki119.3921214
Carbonic anhydrase 15Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki10.600011
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5091.500012
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki111.2685520
Carbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki116.9779214
Carbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki121.4439318
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki117.3993214
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki117.2850214
Carbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki149.7883318
Carbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki179.4636214
Carbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)Ki114.1327315
Chain A, 3C-like proteinaseSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusKi0.700011
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.090013
Chain A, IntegraseHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC50380.000012
Chain A, Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusKi0.700011
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.646035
Coagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.873313
corticotropin releasing factor-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5047.100011
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5047.100011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5023.750014
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5017.745011
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.872011
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)IC508.880011
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)IC50130.065137
Cytochrome P450 2A5Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5048.987224
Cytochrome P450 2A6Homo sapiens (human)IC5029.491524
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)IC507.000011
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC5038.800011
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)IC5055.952133
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC503.734045
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)Ki6.055024
Cytochrome P450 3A43 Homo sapiens (human)IC502.060011
Cytochrome P450 3A43 Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.600012
Cytochrome P450 3A5Homo sapiens (human)IC502.060011
Cytochrome P450 3A5Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.600012
Cytochrome P450 3A7Homo sapiens (human)IC502.060011
Cytochrome P450 3A7Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.600012
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC507.763011
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.882011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5013.321011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.440011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC508.796011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.987011
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC502.718011
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.958011
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC5050.000011
Disabled homolog 2-interacting proteinHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.260011
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.610011
Estrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.131266
Estrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000255
Estrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.158844
Estrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000333
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.938011
fMet-Leu-Phe receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
Genome polyprotein IC503.800011
Genome polyprotein Human rhinovirus sp.IC508.200011
Glucocorticoid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.600011
Glucocorticoid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki4.818011
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform bHomo sapiens (human)IC5072.500011
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonasePlasmodium bergheiIC5027.966733
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50110.000011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5010.600011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki4.818011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5010.600011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki4.818011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5010.600011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki4.818011
Glycine receptor subunit betaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5010.600011
Glycine receptor subunit betaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki4.818011
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC5012.589311
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.016011
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001811
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporterHomo sapiens (human)Ki24.000011
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5046.733333
integrase, partialHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5011.706022
Interleukin-2Mus musculus (house mouse)IC500.005011
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC504.563011
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.825011
L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvIC502,500.000011
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki55.000011
large T antigenBetapolyomavirus macacaeIC5053.880012
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75Homo sapiens (human)IC5011.706022
Liver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.637524
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphataseHomo sapiens (human)IC5080.000011
low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform cHomo sapiens (human)IC5080.000011
Matrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)IC505.215011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5054.300011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14Homo sapiens (human)IC5038.048012
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC505.778011
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC50126.000011
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.345011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Homo sapiens (human)IC503.50821010
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Homo sapiens (human)Ki5.000011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000016
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)IC509.972012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.402012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.665011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.592011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)IC5018.432011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.907011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)IC503.265011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.346011
MyeloperoxidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC502.810011
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1Homo sapiens (human)IC50145.000011
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1Homo sapiens (human)Ki70.000011
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 Homo sapiens (human)IC50279.400011
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki2,000.000011
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1))IC5017.727011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.600011
PapainCarica papaya (papaya)IC50120.000011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A Homo sapiens (human)IC500.02521212
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.064588
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.008811
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase DHomo sapiens (human)IC500.003611
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase DHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.012944
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.020011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.006011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.016011
Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.006011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC502.108467
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.807478
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.017655
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)IC505.048745
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform Mus musculus (house mouse)IC500.570011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusIC501,477.96921213
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000111
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC502.963011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1Gallus gallus (chicken)Ki14,000.000011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC505.600011
Proteasome subunit beta type-8Homo sapiens (human)IC5013.000011
Protein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009633
Protein kinase C beta typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001811
Protein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000811
Protein kinase C epsilon typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000411
Protein kinase C gamma typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.004911
Protein-arginine deiminase type-4Homo sapiens (human)IC508,100.000011
ProthrombinHomo sapiens (human)IC5012.000011
putative polyproteinIC509.918524
rac GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC5061.053313
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2Homo sapiens (human)IC5041.503011
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase CHomo sapiens (human)IC503.000011
Replicase polyprotein 1abBetacoronavirus England 1IC5010.000012
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2IC506.288647
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC500.455011
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC5038.000022
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoformHomo sapiens (human)IC500.183011
Snake venom metalloproteinase BaP1Bothrops asper (terciopelo)IC5054.300011
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Homo sapiens (human)IC501.914012
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.520512
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.826514
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)Ki10.737214
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)IC506.248313
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.319713
Sodium/bile acid cotransporterHomo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 20Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki48.989012
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki6.254812
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.950055
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.484544
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)IC5041.000022
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)Ki19.300022
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)IC5037.000011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)Ki36.000011
Substance-K receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC506.846012
Substance-K receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.282012
TatHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5030.461011
Thromboxane-A synthase Homo sapiens (human)IC504.359011
Thyroid peroxidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC503.380011
TransthyretinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.002611
TyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)IC504,400.000022
TyrosinaseMus musculus (house mouse)IC50137.885012
Tyrosine-protein kinase FynHomo sapiens (human)IC5021.881713
Tyrosine-protein kinase LckHomo sapiens (human)IC5055.452011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC501.640011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22Homo sapiens (human)IC501.100011
tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50128.332011
UDP-glucose 4-epimeraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5075.000011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6Homo sapiens (human)IC50211.833316
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Homo sapiens (human)IC50211.833316
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)IC50211.833316
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 Homo sapiens (human)IC50211.833316
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7Homo sapiens (human)IC50211.833316
Vasopressin V1a receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5025.925011
Vasopressin V1a receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.401011
VifHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5010.610011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.102412

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC501.065033
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)EC5025.779988
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)EC501.750011
Chain A, GCN4P1Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)Kd800.000011
Chain A, T4 LYSOZYMETequatrovirus T4Kd400.000015
Chain A, TETR FAMILY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR LFRRMycolicibacterium smegmatisKd0.079011
Chain A, Transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd38.500014
Chain B, GCN4P1Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)Kd800.000011
Chain C, GCN4P1Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)Kd800.000011
Chain H, ALPHA-THROMBINHomo sapiens (human)Kd530.000011
corticotropin releasing factor-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)EC5053.000011
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC5053.000011
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)EC501.500011
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)EC500.400011
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.013011
EndolysinTequatrovirus T4Kd214.250044
Estrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.310977
Estrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.543344
Estrogen-related receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.630022
Hsf1 proteinMus musculus (house mouse)EC504.071011
insulin-degrading enzyme isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5054.724024
Luciferin 4-monooxygenasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)EC500.010011
Major pollen allergen Bet v 1-ABetula pendula (European white birch)Kd140.000011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Homo sapiens (human)EC501.700011
Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenaseSphingobium chlorophenolicumKd7.000011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.62251111
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase BHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.009811
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase DHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.021522
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5Homo sapiens (human)Kd2,900.000011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC502.72901924
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaMus musculus (house mouse)EC502.500011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.34213843
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.059455
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)EC505.13491823
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)EC501.000011
Protein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)EC50850.004822
Protein kinase C beta typeHomo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Protein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)EC501.823233
Protein kinase C epsilon typeHomo sapiens (human)EC502.784822
Protein kinase C eta typeHomo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Protein kinase C gamma typeHomo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Protein kinase C iota typeHomo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Protein kinase C theta typeHomo sapiens (human)EC501.599822
Protein kinase C zeta typeHomo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3Homo sapiens (human)EC500.082011
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvEC509.135522
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1Homo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3Homo sapiens (human)EC500.009511
Taste receptor type 2 member 38Homo sapiens (human)EC502.000011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5011.700011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)Activity9.033333
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)Km4.123333
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7Homo sapiens (human)AC503.240012
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALRHomo sapiens (human)AC500.005011
fMet-Leu-Phe receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC203.600011
H3 histone acetyltransferaseCandida albicans SC5314AC509.630011
Hsf1 proteinMus musculus (house mouse)AbsAC40_uM25.200011
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]Plasmodium falciparum 3D7AbsAC1000_uM1.413512
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CACandida albicans SC5314AC509.630011
LANAHuman gammaherpesvirus 8AC504.557736
Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidaseMus musculus (house mouse)Activity11.000011
PAX8Homo sapiens (human)AC505.340011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusKm920.000011
replicative DNA helicaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC5010.376022
scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)AbsAC40_uM35.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)Km22.900011
Solute carrier family 22 member 19Mus musculus (house mouse)Km2.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)Km0.420011
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km1.335022
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)Km0.750011
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km0.739011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km22.800022
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km11.100022
Taste receptor type 2 member 38Homo sapiens (human)Activity0.300011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)Km263.000012
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7Homo sapiens (human)Km202.000011