Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Major depressive disorder is frequently a chronic, recurrent condition necessitating maintenance treatment." | ( Brown, EB; Gonzales, JS; Miner, CM; Munir, R, 2002) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with considerable morbidity, disability, and risk for suicide." | ( Dunner, DL; Heim, CM; Keitner, G; Keller, MB; Klein, DN; Kornstein, S; McCullough, JP; Nemeroff, CB; Ninan, PT; Rothbaum, BO; Rush, AJ; Schatzberg, AF; Thase, ME; Weiss, PM, 2003) |
| "Since major depressive disorder is also associated with alterations in serum cytokine concentrations, the authors hypothesized that bone loss in patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder may be associated with cytokines capable of activating osteoclastic cells." | ( Dibbelt, L; Gehl, HB; Hohagen, F; Kahl, KG; Markhof, K; Rudolf, S; Schweiger, U; Stoeckelhuber, BM, 2005) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common, chronic, recurring, and disabling illness in children and adolescents." | ( Emslie, GJ; Ryan, ND; Wagner, KD, 2005) |
| "Subsyndromal major depressive disorder is common among HIV-positive adults." | ( Ferrando, SJ; McElhiney, MC; McGrath, PJ; Rabkin, JG; Rabkin, R, 2006) |
| "Major depressive disorder is characterized by increased and sustained emotional reactivity, which has been linked to sustained amygdala activity." | ( Carter, CS; Siegle, GJ; Steinhauer, SR; Thase, ME; Thompson, W, 2007) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a recurrent illness that often requires maintenance antidepressant treatment." | ( Bose, A; Gandhi, C; Kornstein, SG; Li, D; Saikali, KG, 2006) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a difficult-to-treat and recurrent debilitating disorder." | ( Goforth, HW; Holsinger, T, 2007) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a worrying mental health problem and obtaining remission from treatment resistant depression (TRD) remains an important clinical issue." | ( Aubry, JM; Bertschy, G; Bondolfi, G; Gervasoni, N; Gex-Fabry, M, 2009) |
| "Major depressive disorder is characterized by impaired reward processing, possibly due to dysfunction in the basal ganglia." | ( Birk, JL; Bogdan, R; Dillon, DG; Dougherty, DD; Fava, M; Goetz, EL; Holmes, AJ; Iosifescu, DV; Pizzagalli, DA; Rauch, SL, 2009) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with increased cardiac mortality." | ( Bär, KJ; Höfels, S; Maier, W; Schuhmacher, A; Schulz, S; Voss, A; Yeragani, VK; Zobel, A, 2010) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with dysregulated basal cortisol levels and small hippocampal (HC) volume." | ( Andrews, J; Beaudry, T; Dedovic, K; Duchesne, A; Efanov, SI; Engert, V; Lue, SD; Pruessner, JC, 2010) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine as well as immune system." | ( Balk, FJ; Denys, DA; Fluitman, SB; Heijnen, CJ; Nolen, WA; Westenberg, HG, 2011) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a disease whose course is often chronic because the prevalence of recurrence is high." | ( Courtet, P; Olié, E, 2010) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a chronic disabling disease, often triggered and exacerbated by stressors of a social nature." | ( Hoogendijk, WJ; Lucassen, PJ; Oomen, CA; Smit, AB; Spijker, S; Van Bokhoven, P, 2011) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a prevalent disease, and current pharmacotherapy is considered to be inadequate." | ( Bymaster, FP; Golembiowska, K; Kowalska, M, 2012) |
| "Major depressive disorder is among the most prevalent forms of mental illness." | ( Ago, Y; Chaki, S; Matrisciano, F; Palucha-Paniewiera, A; Pilc, A, 2013) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a chronic, remitting syndrome involving widely distributed circuits in the brain." | ( Kennedy, PJ; Nestler, EJ; Sun, H, 2013) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and in spite of extensive ongoing research, we neither fully understand its etiopathological background, nor do we possess sufficient pharmacotherapeutic tools to provide remission for all patients." | ( Dome, P; Faludi, G; Gonda, X; Weizman, S, 2012) |
| "Bipolar and major depressive disorders are essentially relapsing and remitting disorders of affect with nearly full recovery between episodes." | ( Hayashi, Y; Ikeda, K; Nihonmatsu-Kikuchi, N; Soma, M; Tatebayashi, Y; Yu, X, 2012) |
| "Major depressive disorder is an extremely debilitating condition affecting millions of people worldwide." | ( Cattaneo, A; Horowitz, MA; Lupi, MM; Pariante, CM; Zunszain, PA, 2013) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with significant impairment in occupational functioning and reduced productivity, which represents a large part of the overall burden of depression." | ( Axler, A; Kennedy, SH; Lam, RW; Manjunath, CV; Michalak, EE; Parikh, SV; Ramasubbu, R; Tam, EM; Yatham, LN, 2013) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric illness with reported prevalence rates of 12-16% in persons aged 12 and over." | ( De Long, NE; Hardy, DB; Holloway, AC; Hyslop, JR; Raha, S, 2014) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder in the United States and European Union; however, the limitations of clinically available antidepressant drugs have led researchers to pursue novel pharmacological treatments." | ( Hillhouse, TM; Keiser, AA; Matazel, KS; Prus, AJ; Shankland, Z, 2014) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition in youth, so developing efficient treatments is a priority for mental health professionals." | ( David, D; Iftene, F; Predescu, E; Stefan, S, 2015) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common consequence of exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon alpha, which is treated effectively with antidepressant medication." | ( Burridge, A; Fialho, R; File, A; Keller, M; Pereira, M; Tibble, J; Whale, R, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a devastating mental illness leading to a lifetime prevalence of higher than 16% on individuals." | ( Pei, LB; Wen, ZY; Yang, JL; Yu, JJ; Zhang, Y, 2015) |
| "Major depressive disorder is characterized by anhedonia, cognitive biases, ruminations, hopelessness and increased anxiety." | ( Christmas, D; Gradin, V; Johnston, BA; Matthews, K; Steele, JD; Tolomeo, S, 2015) |
| "Major depressive disorder is often accompanied by elevated levels of anger, hostility, and irritability, which may contribute to worse outcomes." | ( Alpert, JE; Doros, GD; Fava, M; Fisher, LB; Freeman, MP; Henry, M; Huz, I, 2015) |
| "Major depressive disorder is common among women in child-bearing age, and medical treatment is subject to substantial discussions and controversies." | ( Damkier, P; Ennis, ZN; Lassen, D, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is characterized as persistent low mood." | ( Cui, S; Wang, JH; Xu, A, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is increasingly recognized to involve functional deficits in both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission." | ( Fuchs, T; Jefferson, SJ; Luscher, B; Pribiag, H; Ren, Z; Shorey, M; Stellwagen, D, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents." | ( Cipriani, A; Coghill, D; Cohen, D; Cuijpers, P; Del Giovane, C; Hazell, P; Hetrick, SE; Leucht, S; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Michael, KD; Pu, J; Qin, B; Ravindran, AV; Whittington, C; Xie, P; Yang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, X, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most common diseases in western countries." | ( Edwards, MJ; Grassmé, H; Gulbins, A; Gulbins, E; Hoehn, R; Kohnen, M; Kornhuber, J; Soddemann, M; Wilker, B, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder with lifetime prevalence of up to 20% worldwide." | ( Freitas, AE; Neis, VB; Rodrigues, ALS, 2016) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a serious and devastating psychiatric disorder." | ( Deng, R; Fan, Y; Li, K; Li, X; Liu, QS; Liu, R; Meng, F, 2017) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a complex clinical entity, including different molecular mechanisms and neurological processes." | ( Filipek, B; Jakubczyk, M; Lustyk, K; Młyniec, K; Podkowa, A; Podkowa, K; Pytka, K; Sapa, J; Żmudzka, E, 2017) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder." | ( Huang, YJ; Lane, HY; Lin, CH, 2017) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a debilitating illness, which is most commonly treated with antidepressant drugs." | ( Berlim, M; Chachamovich, E; Fiori, LM; Foster, J; Jollant, F; Kennedy, SH; Lopez, JP; Richard-Devantoy, S; Rotzinger, S; Turecki, G, 2017) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder affecting a person's mind, behaviour and body." | ( Barbui, C; Breilmann, J; Guaiana, G; Koesters, M; Ostuzzi, G, 2017) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with raised peripheral inflammatory markers." | ( Anton-Rodriguez, JM; Conen, S; Gerhard, A; Gregory, CJ; Hinz, R; Holmes, SE; Matthews, JC; Talbot, PS, 2018) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a frequent and devastating psychological condition with tremendous public health impact." | ( Vutskits, L, 2018) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a psychiatric disorder that affects 4." | ( Costa, EA; da Rocha, FF; da Silva, DM; da Silva, DPB; de Brito, AF; de Oliveira, DR; Fajemiroye, JO; Florentino, IF; Galdino, PM, 2018) |
| "Major depressive disorders are characterized by their severity and long-lasting symptoms, which make such disorders highly disabling illnesses." | ( Berumen, LC; García-Alcocer, G; López-Vallejo, F; Miledi, R; Padilla, KM; Quintanar-Setephano, A, 2018) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common but devastating mental disorder, and recent evidence shows that neuroinflammation may play a pivotal role in the etiology of depression." | ( Deng, J; Ma, SP; Ma, ZQ; Ruan, J; Song, MT; Zhang, RY, 2018) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common and debilitating condition with substantial economic impact." | ( Andersson, M; Bergström, N; Culley, G; Ehn, J; Engström, A; Hanse, E; Karlsson, L; Kuhn, HG; Michaëlsson, H; Savvidi, P; Seth, H; Svensson, J, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a severe, disabling disorder that affects around 4." | ( Berrocoso, E; González-Saiz, F; Mico, JA; Perez-Caballero, L; Romero-López-Alberca, C; Torres-Sanchez, S, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and life-threatening illness in modern society." | ( Fan, M; Huang, Z; Jin, X; Lai, S; Li, M; Liang, J; Liu, Y; Shang, Y; Song, Y; Xiao, K; Yu, H; Zhang, J; Zhi, X, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorders are emerging health problems that affect millions of people worldwide." | ( Chen, WW; Fang, WQ; Fu, AKY; Fu, WY; Ip, NY; Su, YT, 2019) |
| "The etiology of major depressive disorder is heterogeneous, and differing pathways leading to the development of depression are proposed to account for alternative variants of depressive illness and their distinct comorbidity patterns." | ( Bowyer, CB; Hajcak, G; Joyner, KJ; Patrick, CJ; Venables, NC; Yancey, JR, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous disease involving widespread disruptions in functional brain networks, the neurobiological mechanisms of which are poorly understood." | ( Chen, G; Felger, JC; Haroon, E; Li, Z; Luo, Y; Mehta, ND; Miller, AH; Xu, X; Yin, L, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a complex multifactorial condition with a so far poorly characterized underlying pathophysiology." | ( Abdel-Ahad, P; Blatzer, M; Callebert, J; Chrétien, F; Danckaert, A; de Maricourt, P; De Medeiros, GF; Gaillard, R; Jouvion, G; Langeron, O; Launay, JM; Maignan, A; Petit, AC; Sharshar, T; Van Steenwinckel, J; Verdonk, F; Vinckier, F, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most important psychiatric issues worldwide, with important prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (TRD)." | ( Cubała, WJ; Gałuszko-Węgielnik, M; Górska, N; Jakuszkowiak-Wojten, K; Szarmach, J; Szałach, ŁP; Słupska, A; Słupski, J; Wiglusz, MS; Wilkowska, A; Włodarczyk, A, 2019) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with aberrant resting-state functional connectivity across multiple brain networks supporting emotion processing, executive function, and reward processing." | ( Adams, P; Carmody, T; Chin Fatt, CR; Cooper, CM; Etkin, A; Fava, M; Fonzo, G; Grannemann, B; Greer, TL; Jha, MK; Kurian, B; McGrath, PJ; McInnis, M; Parsey, RV; Phillips, ML; South, C; Trivedi, MH; Weissman, M, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with altered social functioning and impaired learning, on both the behavioural and the neural level." | ( Frey, AL; McCabe, C, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a serious neuropsychiatric disease that leads to significant impairment in social functioning and increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Alghamdi, S; Alsufiani, H; Alsulami, N; Khoja, S; Tarazi, FI; Tayeb, HO, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis." | ( Cui, L; Cui, W; Li, T; Ma, X; Peng, Z; Song, X; Yu, X; Zhao, L, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is characterized by the presence of at least five of nine specific symptoms that contribute to clinically significant functional impairment." | ( Boucher, M; Katzman, MA; Wajsbrot, DB; Wang, X, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is among main worldwide causes of disability." | ( Amini, M; Hosseinzadeh, M; Khosravi, M; Mansoori, A; Raisi, F; Sotoudeh, G, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability and significant mortality, yet mechanistic understanding remains limited." | ( Campbell, A; Delgado, MR; Harris, MA; Hawkins, E; Hirose, Y; Lawrie, SM; Macfarlane, JA; McIntosh, AM; McNeil, CJ; Murray, AD; Porteous, D; Romaniuk, L; Rupprechter, S; Sandu, AL; Series, P; Shen, X; Steele, JD; Waiter, GD; Whalley, HC, 2020) |
| "Major depressive disorder is most commonly treated with a combination of medication and psychotherapy." | ( Stengler, M, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder and is considered to be a disabling public health problem, worldwide, as a primary factor associated with suicide." | ( da Silva Calixto, P; de Almeida, RN; Dos Santos Maia, M; Filho, JMB; Scotti, L; Scotti, MT; Stiebbe Salvadori, MGS, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormal connectivity across emotion and reward circuits as well as other established circuits that may negatively impact treatment response." | ( Aslan, S; Chin Fatt, CR; Cooper, C; Etkin, A; Fava, M; Grannemann, B; Greer, TL; Jha, MK; Kurian, B; McGrath, PJ; Parsey, RV; Phillips, ML; Trivedi, MH; Weissman, M, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common debilitating mental health problem that represents one of the leading causes of disability." | ( Belzung, C; Brizard, B; Eliwa, H; Hen, R; Le Guisquet, AM; Surget, A, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most prevalent mental illness worldwide, still its pharmacological treatment is limited by various challenges, such as the large heterogeneity in treatment response and the lack of insight into the neurobiological pathways underlying this phenomenon." | ( Hasch, A; Herzog, DP; Jene, T; Lieb, K; Lutz, B; Müller, MB; Opitz, V; Pascual Cuadrado, D; Sillaber, I; Tiwari, VK; Treccani, G; van der Kooij, MA, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the leading global causes of disability, for which the classic serotonergic psychedelics have recently reemerged as a potential therapeutic treatment option." | ( de Manincor, M; Galvão-Coelho, NL; Gonzalez, M; Marx, W; Perkins, D; Sarris, J; Sinclair, J, 2021) |
| "A core feature of major depressive disorder is a loss of interest in previously rewarding activities." | ( Donaldson, LF; Lumb, BM; Phelps, CE; Robinson, ES, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a genetic susceptible disease, and a psychiatric syndrome with a high rate of incidence and recurrence." | ( Botchway, BOA; Chen, S; Fang, L; Fang, M; Hu, Y; Hu, Z; Tan, X; Xie, S, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is caused by gene-environment interactions, and the host microbiome has been recognized as an important environmental factor." | ( Fang, L; Ji, P; Li, W; Liu, L; Pu, J; Rao, X; Song, J; Wang, H; Wei, H; Xie, P; Yang, D; Yu, Y; Zhao, L; Zheng, P; Zhou, C, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric disorders worldwide." | ( Barbateskovic, M; Gluud, C; Hengartner, MP; Jakobsen, JC; Juul, S; Jørgensen, CK; Kirsch, I; Siddiqui, F, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is prevalent in children and adolescents and is associated with a high degree of morbidity throughout life, with potentially devastating personal consequences and public health impact." | ( Bolaños-Guzmán, CA; Cardona-Acosta, AM; Chaudhury, D; Gyles, TM; Han, MH; Juarez, B; Nestler, EJ; Parise, EM; Parise, LF; Sial, OK, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common, recurrent illness." | ( Chen, BK; Denny, CA; Hunsberger, HC; Luna, VM; Mastrodonato, A; McGowan, JC; Rubinstenn, G; Shannon, ME; Stackmann, M, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is prevalent and impairing." | ( Brown, VM; Chiu, PH; King-Casas, B; McCurry, KL; Solway, A; Wang, JM; Zhu, L, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is also highly comorbid in this population, leading to further impairment." | ( Goldschmied, JR; Kayser, MS; Morales, KH; Sengupta, A; Sharma, A; Taylor, L; Thase, ME; Weljie, A, 2021) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a severe illness that frequently manifests before the age of 18 years, often recurring later in life." | ( Arango, C; Buitelaar, JK; Chimits, D; Falissard, B; Fegert, JM; Marx, U; Olivier, V; Pénélaud, PF, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide." | ( Farooq, RK; Hanif, R; Javed, A; Nasir, S; Nazir, S, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder in the United States today and the need for adequate treatment has been universally desired for over a century." | ( Luijk, MPCM; van der Horst, FCP; van Rosmalen, L, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and women are more frequently affected in the general population and among those with HIV." | ( Bakker, CJ; Lofgren, SM; Spencer, SM; Turk, MC, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders, and more than 300 million of people suffer from depression worldwide." | ( Coenen, VA; Döbrössy, MD; Pfeiffer, L; Serchov, T; Tong, Y, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a devastating psychiatric illness that affects approximately 17% of the population worldwide." | ( Cao, X; Chen, LY; Fan, J; Fang, YY; Gao, TM; Guo, F; Li, SJ; Li, YL; Lu, CL; Mo, JW; Ren, J; Wen, YL; Wu, ZF, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and heterogeneous disorder with treatment resistance in at least 50% of individuals." | ( Abdallah, C; Esterlis, I; Holmes, SE, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition." | ( Breviario, S; Castro, E; Díaz, Á; Florensa-Zanuy, E; Garro-Martínez, E; Pazos, Á; Pilar-Cuéllar, F; Senserrich, J, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the primary causes of disability and disease worldwide." | ( Carboni, E; Carta, AR, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a prevalent mood illness that is mildly heritable." | ( Alamri, A; Alamri, AS; Alhabeeb, AA; Alhomrani, M; Alkhatabi, HA; Alsanie, WF; Alyami, H; Felimban, RI; Gaber, A; Habeeballah, H; Raafat, BM; Refat, MS; Shakya, S, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a burdensome condition with few treatment options, and traditional antidepressants are characterized by slow onset." | ( Chen, S; Hong, W; Huang, H; Lyu, D; Shi, S; Wang, F; Wang, M; Wei, Z; Xu, Y; Yang, W; Zhang, M, 2022) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a highly common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence in the United States of approximately 21%." | ( Burgess, GE; Dripps, IJ; Hallahan, JE; Hillhouse, TM; Jutkiewicz, EM; Ladetto, AG; Olson, KM; Rice, KC; Traynor, JR; West, JL, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a highly common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence in the United States of approximately 21%." | ( Burgess, GE; Dripps, IJ; Hallahan, JE; Hillhouse, TM; Jutkiewicz, EM; Ladetto, AG; Olson, KM; Rice, KC; Traynor, JR; West, JL, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is considered one of the most frequent diseases in the general population, and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents the subset with more significant clinical and social impact." | ( Armeni, P; Costa, F; Falivena, C; Rognoni, C, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a frequently occurring neuropsychiatric disorder throughout the world." | ( Chen, WJ; Chen, YM; Fan, H; Guan, W; Huang, J; Jiang, B; Li, WY; Liu, JF; Shi, TS; Wang, CN; Zhu, BL, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most common type of mental disorder." | ( Alt, R; da Cunha, LL; Feter, N; Rombaldi, AJ, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common and devastating psychiatric disease, and the prevalence and burden are substantially increasing worldwide." | ( Cao, X; Chen, LY; Fan, J; Fang, YY; Gao, TM; Gu, TT; Guo, F; Kuang, XJ; Li, SJ; Liu, JM; Lu, CL; Mo, JW; Mo, R; Ren, J; Wen, YL; Zhao, C; Zhong, QL, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder." | ( Al-Sharif, NB; Espinoza, RT; Leaver, AM; Narr, KL; Sahib, AK; Taraku, B; Zavaliangos-Petropulu, A, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous syndrome, of which the most common subtype is melancholic depression (MEL)." | ( Bai, T; Jiang, Y; Tian, Y; Wang, K; Xie, X; Zhang, M; Zhang, T, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric disorder, with ∼30% of patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression." | ( Deng, W; Guo, W; Hu, X; Li, T; Luo, X; Ma, X; Ni, P; Qi, X; Wang, Q; Wei, L; Wei, Y; Yu, X; Zhao, L; Zheng, Y, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is often associated with worsened reward learning, with blunted reward response persisting after remission." | ( Aizenstein, HJ; George, CJ; Karim, HT; Kolobaric, A; Kovacs, M; Mizuno, A; Seidman, A; Yang, X, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses that highly impairs quality of life." | ( Jazvinšćak Jembrek, M; Karlović, D; Oršolić, N; Peitl, V, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a frequent and debilitating psychiatric disease." | ( Illes, P; Li, J; Ren, WJ; Rubini, P; Tang, Y; Yuan, ZQ; Zhao, YF, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is a serious psychiatric illness having serious damaging effect on the quality of life of suffers." | ( Abubakar, B; Adeniyi, FR; Adeoluwa, GO; Adeoluwa, OA; Akinluyi, ET; Edem, EE; Eduviere, AT; Fafure, A; Nebo, K; Olayinka, JN, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is frequently characterized by disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and disruption of non-REM (NREM) sleep." | ( Bagdy, G; Koncz, S; Papp, N; Pothorszki, D, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world." | ( Hedayati, A; Hosseini, FA; Shaygan, M; Shemiran, M, 2023) |
| "Major Depressive Disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide." | ( Galán-Armenteros, RM; González-González, C; Marco-Feced, MA; Moreno-Campos, AJ; Romero-Mohedano, MC, 2023) |
| "MDD (major depressive disorder) is a highly prevalent mental disorder with a complex etiology involving behavioral and neurochemical factors as well as environmental stress." | ( Białek, K; Czarny, PL; Gałecki, P; Kołodziej, Ł; Śliwiński, T; Su, KP; Szemraj, J; Ziółkowska, S, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is often resistant to first-line treatment, with around 30% failing to respond to traditional therapy." | ( Anil, A; Chattu, SK; Chattu, VK; Dwivedi, P; Manna, S; Padhi, BK; Sah, R; Sahoo, S; Saravanan, A; Satapathy, P; Shamim, MA; Shukla, R; Singh, S; Srivastav, S; Swami, MK; Thaper, K; Varthya, SB, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "The authors attempted to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) suboptimally responsive to one of the newer (second-generation) antidepressants by augmentation with a psychostimulant medication." | ( Anand, VS; Masand, PS; Tanquary, JF, 1998) |
| "Initial treatment of major depressive disorder in adolescents may include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)." | ( Burns, B; Curry, J; Domino, M; Fairbank, J; March, J; McNulty, S; Petrycki, S; Severe, J; Silva, S; Vitiello, B; Wells, K, 2004) |
| "Efforts to treat major depressive disorder in alcoholics with antidepressants have yielded mixed results." | ( Anthenelli, R; Brower, KJ; Cornelius, J; Hasin, D; Keller, M; Kranzler, HR; Martin, PR; Mason, BJ; Moak, D; Mueller, T; O'Malley, S; Pettinati, HM, 2006) |
| "It is in late-phase trials for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)." | ( Guilleminault, C; Zupancic, M, 2006) |
| "Psychiatrists treated major depressive disorder in advanced cancer patients on the basis of the algorithm." | ( Akechi, T; Akizuki, N; Ito, T; Nakano, T; Okamura, M; Shimizu, K; Uchitomi, Y, 2008) |
| "Approximately half of older patients treated for major depressive disorder (MDD) do not achieve symptomatic remission and functional recovery with first-line pharmacotherapy." | ( Bensasi, S; Brown, C; Butters, MA; Cyranowski, J; Dew, MA; Frank, E; Gildengers, A; Houck, PR; Karp, JF; Lenze, EJ; Lotrich, F; Martire, L; Mazumdar, S; Miller, MD; Morse, J; Mulsant, BH; Reynolds, CF; Saghafi, R; Stack, J; Weber, E; Whyte, E, 2007) |
| "Recent studies suggest that the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with newer antidepressant drugs that simultaneously enhance norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission might result in higher response and remission rates than the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)." | ( Fava, M; Nelson, JC; Papakostas, GI; Shelton, RC; Thase, ME, 2007) |
| "Augmentation strategies for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) are needed when patients with MDD have not tolerated or responded to antidepressant monotherapies." | ( Shelton, RC, 2007) |
| "Attrition rates are high during treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), and patients who drop out are less likely to reach remission." | ( Balasubramani, GK; Kornstein, SG; Lesser, IM; Nierenberg, AA; Preskorn, SH; Rush, AJ; Shores-Wilson, K; Thase, ME; Trivedi, MH; Warden, D; Wisniewski, SR; Young, EA, 2009) |
| "John's wort (SJW) and Kava for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid anxiety." | ( Bone, KM; Deed, G; Kavanagh, DJ; Sarris, J, 2009) |
| "A decision-tree model for the treatment of major depressive disorder was constructed using a Delphi panel." | ( Burslem, K; Greenstreet, L; Knight, C; Lenox-Smith, A, 2009) |
| "Outcomes of antidepressant medication treatment for major depressive disorder include remission, response, and nonresponse." | ( Balasubramani, GK; Fava, M; Friedman, ES; Gilmer, W; Nierenberg, AA; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH; Wisniewski, SR; Zisook, S, 2009) |
| "Existing treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) usually take weeks to months to achieve their antidepressant effects, and a significant number of patients do not have adequate improvement even after months of treatment." | ( Diazgranados, N; Machado-Vieira, R; Salvadore, G; Zarate, CA, 2009) |
| "Desvenlafaxine in the treatment of major depressive disorder exhibited a safety and tolerability profile generally consistent with the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class." | ( Clayton, AH; Guico-Pabia, C; Kornstein, SG; Rosas, G; Tourian, KA, 2009) |
| "88 patients suffering from treatment-resistant Major depressive disorder, having acute recurrent depressive episodes according to DSM-IV criteria, were enrolled in the study." | ( Cvetić, T; Damjanović, A; Ivković, M; Jasović-Gasić, M; Jovanović, A, 2009) |
| "To provide duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), fibromyalgia (FM) and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) to patients who had previously completed a duloxetine clinical study and for whom, in the opinion of the investigator, no effective alternative therapy was available." | ( Desaiah, D; Detke, MJ; Kennedy, SH; Pangallo, BA; Perahia, DG; Zhang, Q, 2010) |
| "The efficacy of desvenlafaxine in treating major depressive disorder has been established." | ( Nichols, AI; Paul, J; Tourian, KA; Tse, SY, 2010) |
| "Although the goal of treatment for major depressive disorder is full remission, for most patients, remission is the exception rather than the rule." | ( Fava, M; Mischoulon, D, 2010) |
| "Paroxetine is a drug of choice in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)." | ( Chan, HW; Fang, CK; Hsiao, CF; Hsiao, MC; Hsu, YT; Kuo, HW; Lin, KM; Liu, CY; Liu, SC; Liu, YL; Lu, SC; Shen, WW; Tang, HS; Tian, JN; Tsai, IJ; Tsou, HH; Wu, CS, 2010) |
| "The goal of treating major depressive disorder is to achieve remission." | ( Chen, CC; Juo, SH; Lane, HY; Lin, CH; Yen, CF, 2011) |
| "Duloxetine is indicated for treatment of major depressive disorders in the UK." | ( Cao, Z; Durden, E; Happich, M; Schacht, A; Shi, N; Torres, A, 2012) |
| "Apathy in the context of treated major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common but understudied symptom." | ( George, T; Granger, RE; Hussain, N; Marangell, LB; Raskin, J; Zhao, GW, 2012) |
| "Unrecognized and untreated major depressive disorder and sub-syndromal symptoms were frequent in patients of MI." | ( Agarwal, M; Dalal, PK; Saran, RK; Sinh, PK; Trivedi, JK, 2011) |
| "Twenty-six treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients participated in a double blind, placebo-controlled, 6-wk parallel group trial with a gradually titrated high dose (1000 mg/d) of DCS added to their antidepressant medication." | ( Bloch, B; Edelman, S; Gelfin, G; Heresco-Levy, U; Javitt, DC; Kremer, I; Levin, R, 2013) |
| "Responses to venlafaxine treatment in major depressive disorder were stratified by COMT genotypes (Val158Met, rs4680) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial." | ( Hopkins, SC; Koblan, KS; Reasner, DS, 2013) |
| "Currently, fewer than 40% of patients treated for major depressive disorder achieve remission with initial treatment." | ( Craddock, RC; Craighead, WE; Dunlop, BW; Franco, AR; Holtzheimer, PE; Kelley, ME; Mayberg, HS; McGrath, CL, 2013) |
| "Patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) remain a common clinical challenge." | ( Bauer, M; Dell'osso, L; Dencker Vansvik, E; Jørgensen, L; Kasper, S; Köhler, J; Montgomery, SA; Pitchot, W, 2013) |
| "For the treatment of major depressive disorder, our results show that a dose of 5 mg/day vortioxetine was more effective, but more easily induced nausea, compared to placebo." | ( Chen, Y; Fu, J, 2015) |
| "Research on novel treatments for major depressive disorder focuses quite deeply on glutamate function, and this research would benefit from a brain-imaging technique that precisely quantified glutamate function." | ( Abdallah, CG; De Feyter, HM; Fasula, M; Jiang, L; Krystal, JH; Mason, GF; Rothman, DL; Sanacora, G, 2014) |
| "The current pharmacotherapeutic treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) generally takes weeks to be effective." | ( Drewniany, E; Han, J; Hancock, C; Jones, RL; Lim, J; Nemat Gorgani, N; Raffa, RB; Sperry, JK; Yu, HJ, 2015) |
| "Medication-free patients (n=19) with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder underwent positron emission tomography imaging at baseline and 230 minutes after an open-label ketamine infusion (0." | ( Ballard, ED; Furey, ML; Lally, N; Luckenbaugh, DA; Nugent, AC; Zarate, CA, 2014) |
| "Current treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) have a time lag and are ineffective for a large number of patients." | ( DiLeone, RJ; Duman, RS; Dwyer, JM; Lepack, AE; Maldonado-Avilés, JG, 2015) |
| "Vortioxetine is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)." | ( Areberg, J; Chan, S; Chen, G; Loft, H; Mahableshwarkar, AR; Naik, H; Vakilynejad, M, 2016) |
| "In the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), it is not fully understood how individual symptoms improve over time (trajectory) in remitters." | ( Kuga, A; Ozeki, A; Takahashi, H; Tokuoka, H; Tsuji, T; Wohlreich, MM; Yoshikawa, A, 2016) |
| "Vortioxetine is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder and differs from other antidepressants in terms of its pharmacodynamic profile." | ( Citrome, L, 2016) |
| "Selecting the most effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is a challenge for clinicians." | ( Dastgheib, SA; Mowla, A; Razeghian Jahromi, L, 2016) |
| "John's wort (SJW) for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)." | ( Apaydin, EA; Booth, MS; Hempel, S; Maher, AR; Miles, JN; Shanman, R; Sorbero, ME, 2016) |
| "In the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with mixed features, the comparable efficacy of antidepressants versus other treatments, such as SGAs, remains unknown." | ( McIntyre, RS; Rosenblat, JD, 2017) |
| "Current pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are ineffective in a significant proportion of patients, and the identification of new antidepressant compounds has been difficult." | ( Breen, G; Lee, SH; Murphy, T; Powell, TR; Price, J; Thuret, S, 2017) |
| "Vilazodone, currently approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, has also been evaluated in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)." | ( Chang, CT; Chen, C; Durgam, S; Edwards, J; Gommoll, CP; Mathews, M; Thase, ME, 2017) |
| "An effective rapid-onset treatment for major depressive disorder could save lives." | ( Pergolizzi, JV; Raffa, RB; Taylor, R, 2018) |
| "Response to antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD) cannot be predicted currently, leading to uncertainty in medication selection, increasing costs, and prolonged suffering for many patients." | ( Binder, EB; Carrillo-Roa, T; Craighead, WE; Dunlop, BW; Harbich, D; Herzog, DP; Holsboer, F; Labermaier, C; Lareau, C; Mayberg, HS; Müller, MB; Nemeroff, CB; Rex-Haffner, M; Santarelli, S; Scharf, SH; Schmidt, MV; Sillaber, I; Uhr, M; Wagner, KV; Weber, P, 2017) |
| "The efficacy of antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) varies by patient characteristics." | ( Chang, CT; Edwards, J; Gommoll, CP; Kornstein, S, 2018) |
| "Current alternatives for the treatment of major depressive disorder lack efficacy and have a delayed onset of action." | ( Pérez-Esparza, R, 2018) |
| "Pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) typically involves a lengthy trial and error process to identify an effective intervention." | ( Aizenstein, HJ; Andreescu, C; Butters, MA; Karim, HT; Karp, JF; Reynolds, CF; Tudorascu, D; Wang, M, 2018) |
| "Medications to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) are not equally effective across patients." | ( Adams, P; Almeida, JR; Aslam, H; Carmody, T; Chase, HW; Cooper, C; Deckersbach, T; Fava, M; Fournier, JC; Greenberg, T; Kurian, B; McGrath, PJ; McInnis, MG; Oquendo, MA; Parsey, R; Peltier, S; Phillips, ML; Stiffler, R; Toups, MS; Trivedi, M; Weissman, M, 2020) |
| "For the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder, phase 3 studies are in progress." | ( Barabassy, A; Kapas, M; Kiss, B; Laszlovszky, I; Nemeth, G, 2019) |
| "The efficacy of dopamine agonists in treating major depressive disorder has been hypothesized to stem from effects on ventrostriatal dopamine and reward function." | ( Abi-Dargham, A; Ang, YS; Iosifescu, DV; McGrath, PJ; Pizzagalli, DA; Reinen, JM; Schneier, FR; Slifstein, M; Whitton, AE, 2020) |
| "Lithium has been used to treat major depressive disorder, yet the neural circuit mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect remain unknown." | ( Cao, JL; Ding, HL; Han, MH; Hu, SW; Liu, D; Liu, H; Montgomery, SE; Song, SP; Tang, QQ; Wang, D; Wang, ZY; Xu, Z; Yang, JX; Yang, XN; Zhang, H, 2020) |
| "Sertraline in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in South Korean participants." | ( Choi, WJ; Kim, B; Kim, S; Kim, WJ; Park, JY; Park, S; Roh, D; Son, SJ, 2020) |
| "Data from 68 participants with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar depression were pooled from three separate, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies investigating ketamine's efficacy in depression." | ( Ballard, ED; Henter, ID; Hopkins, MA; Kadriu, B; Lener, MS; Luckenbaugh, DA; Park, LT; Pennybaker, SJ; Zarate, CA, 2020) |
| "Vortioxetine is approved for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)." | ( Kumar, A; Verma, A, 2021) |
| "This study included patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) who were receiving intravenous (IV) ketamine treatment at a community-based clinic." | ( Gill, H; Ho, R; Kratiuk, K; Lee, Y; Lipsitz, O; Lui, LM; Mansur, RB; McIntyre, RS; Nasri, F; Rodrigues, NB; Rosenblat, JD; Subramaniapillai, M; Teopiz, K, 2021) |
| "Antidepressants are widely used to treat major depressive disorder." | ( Abe, T; Furukawa, TA; Iwanami, A; Mimura, M; Nakagawa, A; Nakagome, K; Nishioka, G; Tani, M; Watanabe, K; Yokoi, Y; Yoshimura, N, 2021) |
| "Bupropion is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder and smoking cessation." | ( Çim, EFA; Kamış, GZ; Kurhan, F, 2021) |
| "Non-response to first-line treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is common; for such individuals, quality of life (QoL) impairments can be severe." | ( Bhat, V; Chakrabarty, T; Frey, BN; Giacobbe, P; Kennedy, SH; Lam, RW; Lou, W; McInerney, S; Michalak, EE; Milev, RV; Morton, E; Müller, DJ; Parikh, SV; Rotzinger, S, 2021) |
| "Antidepressants are frequently used to treat major depressive disorder." | ( Barbateskovic, M; Gluud, C; Hengartner, MP; Jakobsen, JC; Juul, S; Jørgensen, CK; Kirsch, I; Siddiqui, F, 2021) |
| "As antidepressants are commonly used to treat major depressive disorder in adults, a systematic review evaluating their beneficial and harmful effects is urgently needed." | ( Barbateskovic, M; Gluud, C; Hengartner, MP; Jakobsen, JC; Juul, S; Jørgensen, CK; Kirsch, I; Siddiqui, F, 2021) |
| "Successful treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) can be challenging, and failures ("treatment-resistant depression" [TRD]) are frequent." | ( Bahji, A; Baldessarini, RJ; Tondo, L; Undurraga, J; Vázquez, GH, 2021) |
| "TAK-653 may be a promising drug for the treatment of major depressive disorders including TRD with the potential for an improved safety profile compared with ketamine." | ( Hara, H; Kimura, H; Kunugi, A; Suzuki, A; Tajima, Y; Yamada, R, 2021) |
| "PAP has shown some promise as a novel treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and empirical research suggests that its efficacy turns on the altered states induced by psychedelic compounds." | ( Jordens, C; Miceli McMillan, R, 2022) |
| "The pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder with currently available antidepressant drugs is still unsatisfying as response to medication is delayed and in some patients even non-existent." | ( Dahlmanns, JK; Dahlmanns, M; Groemer, TW; Kornhuber, J; Trepl, J, 2022) |
| "Trazodone is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorders, marketed as immediate release (IR), prolonged release, and once a day (OAD) formulation." | ( Comandini, A; Di Dato, G; Jones, HM; Ke, AB; Mangano, G; McFeely, S; Oggianu, L; Rosignoli, MT, 2022) |
| "Current first-line treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), i." | ( Ahmadalipour, A; Fakhari, A; Khajehnasiri, N; Pakkhesal, S; Sharafi, A, 2022) |
| "Antipsychotics are widely used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but there has been no comprehensive meta-analytic assessment that examined their use as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy." | ( Correll, CU; Hagi, K; Kane, JM; Kishimoto, T; Kurokawa, S, 2023) |
| "The use of psilocybin as treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) has been examined as a promising alternative to traditional first-line options." | ( Castle, D; Cha, DS; Gill, B; Gill, H; Mansur, RB; Marks, CA; McIntyre, RS; Patel, P; Puramat, P; Rodrigues, NB; Rosenblat, JD, 2022) |
| "Functional recovery is an important treatment goal in major depressive disorder (MDD)." | ( Balta, G; Ettrup, A; Galanopoulos, A; Karavelas, E; Kontis, D; Markopoulou, M; Panagiotidis, P; Papalexi, E; Vlachos, T, 2022) |
| "Pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder is often inefficient, and multiple strategies are used for inadequate response to antidepressants." | ( Chen, B; Ma, X; Wang, M; Yan, Y; Yang, X; Yin, L, 2022) |
| "Duloxetine (DLX) is widely used to treat major depressive disorder." | ( Barzi, M; Bissig, KD; Boyd, SR; Hakenjos, JM; Li, F; MacKenzie, KR; Qin, X; Xie, C; Young, DW, 2023) |
| "Duloxetine (DLX) is widely used to treat major depressive disorder." | ( Barzi, M; Bissig, KD; Boyd, SR; Hakenjos, JM; Li, F; MacKenzie, KR; Qin, X; Xie, C; Young, DW, 2023) |
| "Bupropion is widely used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and for smoking cessation assistance." | ( Abdollahi, J; Goss, F; Mehrpour, O; Saeedi, F; Shirazi, FM; Vohra, V, 2023) |
| "Antidepressants are the first-line treatment for major depressive disorder, but if patients don't respond adequately, brain stimulation therapy may be needed as second-line treatment." | ( Lin, CH; Tsai, HJ; Tsai, SJ; Yang, AC; Yang, WC, 2023) |
| "Standard antidepressants approved for treating major depressive disorder fail to exert efficacy in bipolar depression." | ( Kwok, WY; Nasrallah, HA; Stephens, V, 2023) |
| "Psilocybin shows promise as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD)." | ( Bradley, E; Brown, C; Brown, RT; Davis, MC; Dunlop, BW; Gapasin, T; Griffiths, RR; Gukasyan, N; Hassman, M; Heinzerling, K; Hu, X; Hutson, PR; Kakar, R; Kelly, DF; Kelmendi, B; Lenoch, K; Linton, W; Mletzko, T; Nayak, SM; Nelson-Douthit, C; Nicholas, CR; O'Donnell, KC; Penn, AD; Raison, CL; Robison, R; Ross, S; Sanacora, G; Sloshower, J; Tarpley, G; Trivedi, RP; Utzinger, M; Warchol, K; Wilson, S; Woolley, J, 2023) |