A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
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| "Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, which may be accompanied by hypnogogic or hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralysis." | ( Kramer, M; Roth, T; Salis, PJ; Zorick, FJ, 1979) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic, incurable disorder affecting at least a quarter of a million Americans." | ( Bergstrom, DL; Keller, C, 1992) |
| "Canine narcolepsy is an animal model of the human rapid eye movement sleep disorder." | ( Dement, WC; Guilleminault, C; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Renaud, A, 1991) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by abnormal manifestations of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness." | ( Arrigoni, J; Dement, WC; Guilleminault, C; Mignot, E; Miller, JD; Nishino, S; Valtier, D, 1991) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by the sudden urge to sleep." | ( Roufs, JB, 1990) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurological syndrome characterized by two major symptoms: excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Godbout, R; Montplaisir, J, 1986) |
| "Narcolepsy is an incurable sleep disorder characterized by attacks of sleepiness and a series of auxiliary symptoms: cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations." | ( Fletcher, KA; Jennings, SW; Scharf, MB, 1988) |
| "NARCOLEPSY IS A DISORDER OF SLEEP CONTROL CHARACTERIZED BY A TETRAD OF SYMPTOMS: sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations." | ( Foley, A; Murray, TJ, 1974) |
| "Thus, narcolepsy is associated with attenuation of some cardiovascular reflexes." | ( Kaijser, L; Sachs, C, 1982) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness and episodes of cataplexy brought on by emotional excitation." | ( Andersen, A; Fahringer, H; Mignot, E; Nienhuis, R; Nitz, D; Siegel, J, 1995) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related symptoms, such as cataplexy." | ( Dement, WC; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Reid, MS; Shelton, J; Siegel, JM; Tafti, M, 1995) |
| "Narcolepsy is a genetically determined disorder of sleep characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormal manifestations of REM sleep that affects both humans and animals." | ( Arrigoni, J; Ciaranello, RD; Dement, WC; Edgar, DM; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Reid, MS; Sharp, LH; Siegel, JM, 1993) |
| "The morbidity of narcolepsy is high and early diagnosis is therefore important, as treatment is effective." | ( Green, A; Prendergast, M; Winter, E, 1996) |
| "Narcolepsy is a commonly under diagnosed or misdiagnosed problem that results in severe daytime sleepiness." | ( Ware, JC, 1996) |
| "Canine narcolepsy is a unique experimental model of a human sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Dement, WC; Liao, W; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Tafti, M, 1997) |
| "Narcolepsy is a central nervous system disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( , 1998) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder associated with HLA DR15 (DR2) and DQB1*0602." | ( Black, J; Grumet, FC; Guilleminault, C; Hayduk, R; Mignot, E, 1997) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep with uncontrolled sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Shimizu, T, 1998) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations." | ( Hong, J; Kwan, M; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Reid, M; Riehl, J, 2000) |
| "In humans, narcolepsy is rarely due to hypocretin mutations, but this system is deficient in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain of a small number of patients." | ( Brooks, S; Lammers, GJ; Mignot, E; Nevsimalova, S; Nishino, S; Okun, M; Overeem, S; Ripley, B; Rogers, W; Vankova, J, 2001) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder whose clinical features include excessive daytime sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and disrupted nocturnal sleep." | ( Kryger, MH; Manfreda, J; Walid, R, 2002) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by disruption of hypocretin (orexin) neurotransmission." | ( Frölich, M; Kok, SW; Lammers, GJ; Meinders, AE; Overeem, S; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F; Strijers, RL, 2002) |
| "Narcolepsy is a primary neurological disorder, which often produces disabling symptoms, including excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Black, J; Brooks, S, 2002) |
| "Narcolepsy is a severely debilitating neurologic disease that is not as rare as many believe, affecting an estimated 140,000 Americans." | ( Feldman, NT, 2003) |
| "Onset of narcolepsy is unusual at this age and the temporal relationship following radiotherapy suggests this treatment was implicated." | ( de Silva, RN; Dempsey, OJ; Douglas, NJ; McGeoch, P, 2003) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized by an impaired ability to maintain alertness for long periods and by sudden losses of muscle tone (cataplexy)." | ( Siegel, JM, 2004) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by disruption of hypocretin neurotransmission." | ( Frölich, M; Kok, SW; Lammers, GJ; Meinders, AE; Overeem, S; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F, 2004) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, usually associated with cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis and fragmented nocturnal sleep." | ( Abad, VC; Guilleminault, C, 2004) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy (an abrupt and reversible decrease in or loss of muscle tone, affecting the limbs and/or trunk, elicited by emotional stimuli)." | ( Candelise, L; D'Alessandro, R; Vignatelli, L, 2005) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Dauvilliers, Y; Tafti, M, 2006) |
| "Because narcolepsy is characterized by hypothalamic alterations, we studied skin temperature in narcoleptic patients in relation to their characteristically increased sleep propensity during the day." | ( Fronczek, R; Lammers, GJ; Overeem, S; van Dijk, JG; Van Someren, EJ, 2006) |
| "Narcolepsy is therefore, an important model to study the link between sleep regulation and other fundamental hypothalamic functions." | ( Nishino, S, 2007) |
| "(1) Narcolepsy is characterised by sudden, overwhelming daytime drowsiness, sometimes associated with cataplexy (more or less complete loss of muscle tone during an emotional reaction)." | ( , 2007) |
| "Narcolepsy is a severe sleep disorder that in most patients is characterized by the deficiency of central orexin." | ( Dahmen, N; Engel, A; Forst, T; Helfrich, J; Löbig, M; Manderscheid, N; Pfützner, A; Tonn, P, 2007) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy (an abrupt and reversible decrease in or loss of muscle tone, affecting the limbs or trunk or both, elicited by emotional stimuli)." | ( Candelise, L; D'Alessandro, R; Vignatelli, L, 2008) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, direct onsets of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep from wakefulness (DREMs) and deficiency of orexins, neuropeptides that promote wakefulness largely via activation of histamine (HA) pathways." | ( Anaclet, C; Arnulf, I; Bastuji, H; Dauvilliers, Y; Kocher, L; Lecomte, JM; Lehert, P; Ligneau, X; Lin, JS; Parmentier, R; Perrin, D; Robert, P; Roux, M; Schwartz, JC; Yanagisawa, M, 2008) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disabling disease with a prevalence of 0." | ( Husain, AM; Peterson, PC, 2008) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized, beside other features, by excessive daytime sleepiness and disturbed sleep at night." | ( Blazejova, K; Hajek, I; Illnerova, H; Nevsimalova, S, 2008) |
| "Narcolepsy is a rare chronic sleep disorder classically characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness." | ( Bhat, A; El Solh, AA, 2008) |
| "Narcolepsy is often associated with increased body weight." | ( Bogan, RK; Husain, AM; Ristanovic, RK, 2009) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder affecting the regulation of sleep and wakefulness." | ( Mohsenin, V, 2009) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized, in its classical form, by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with irresistible episodes of sleep, cataplexy, disrupted nocturnal sleep, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralysis." | ( Didato, G; Nobili, L, 2009) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized by symptoms that include excessive sleepiness during the daytime, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis." | ( Daliahu, Y; Melamed, Y; Paleacu, D, 2009) |
| "Narcolepsy is a serious neurological condition in which patients are overcome by persistent, excessive feelings of fatigue and drowsiness." | ( Hazin, R; Iqbal, M; Khan, F, 2009) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis and nocturnal sleep disruption." | ( Nishino, S; Okuro, M, 2010) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in the instability of the sleep-wake cycle and marked by low levels of hypocretin in cerebrospinal fluid." | ( Dimitriu, A; Guilleminault, C; Zaharna, M, 2010) |
| "Narcolepsy is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disorder that results in significant sleep-wake instability with or without cataplectic attacks." | ( Dimitriu, A; Guilleminault, C; Zaharna, M, 2010) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy and has a prevalence of 25 per 100,000." | ( Crowe, C; Doherty, L; Sweeney, B, 2010) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disorder of children and adolescence, but until recently it was often not identified until adulthood, with a reported time from onset to diagnosis of about a decade." | ( Sullivan, SS, 2010) |
| "Narcolepsy is a debilitating sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and intrusive REM sleep." | ( Han, F, 2012) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and REM sleep abnormalities." | ( Honda, M; Honda, Y; Kawashima, M; Miyadera, H; Miyagawa, T; Shimada, M; Tanaka, S; Tokunaga, K, 2011) |
| "Narcolepsy is a life-long neurodegenerative disorder that causes considerable impairment to quality of life." | ( Mayer, G, 2012) |
| "Narcolepsy is an emblematic, unique disease within sleep disorders that is characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and other abnormal manifestations of REM sleep." | ( Santamaria-Cano, J, 2012) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized by recurrent brief attacks of irresistible sleepiness." | ( Kauta, SR; Marcus, CL, 2012) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities." | ( Honda, M; Ikesaki, A; Inoue, Y; Kawamura, H; Miyagawa, T; Obuchi, M; Ozaki, A; Tokunaga, K, 2013) |
| "Narcolepsy is probably the most fascinating syndrome causing excessive daytime sleepiness." | ( Kushida, CA; Malhotra, S, 2013) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterized by fragmented nighttime sleep and frequent arousals." | ( Kansagra, S; Vaughn, B; Walter, R, 2013) |
| "Narcolepsy is caused by a selective loss of hypocretin neurons and is associated with obesity." | ( Aziz, NA; Donjacour, CE; Frölich, M; Lammers, GJ; Overeem, S; Pardi, D; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F, 2013) |
| "Narcolepsy is caused by loss of the hypothalamic neurons producing the orexin/hypocretin neuropeptides." | ( Baumann, CR; Gavrilov, YV; Haybaeck, J; Mignot, E; Reddy, H; Scammell, TE; Valko, PO; Yamamoto, M, 2013) |
| "Narcolepsy is characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy." | ( Arnulf, I; Bassetti, C; Dauvilliers, Y; Ding, CL; Lammers, GJ; Lecomte, JM; Lehert, P; Mayer, G; Rodenbeck, A; Schwartz, JC, 2013) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by the loss of hypocretin in the cerebrospinal fluid due to selective destruction of hypocretin-producing neurons in the perifornical hypothalamus." | ( Hildt, E; Kunz, K; Masoudi, S; Ploen, D, 2014) |
| "Narcolepsy is associated with obesity though it is uncertain whether this is caused by changes in glucose and fat metabolism." | ( Aziz, NA; Donjacour, CE; Kalsbeek, A; Lammers, GJ; Overeem, S; Pijl, H, 2014) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, likely with an autoimmune component." | ( Adori, C; Agerberth, B; Bagdy, G; Bergman, P; Cederlund, A; Hökfelt, T; Horvath, B; Huutoniemi, A; Julkunen, I; Kai-Larsen, Y; Kalmár, L; Kostyalik, D; Partinen, M; Sarkanen, T; Vas, S, 2014) |
| "Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder, due to which people experience frequent excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)." | ( Ramachandra, B, 2016) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that has a typical onset in adolescence and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which can have severe consequences for the patient." | ( Dauvilliers, Y; Jennum, PJ; Knudsen, S; Kornum, BR; Ollila, HM; Overeem, S; Pizza, F, 2017) |
| "Narcolepsy is a rare, multifactorial disease of the hypothalamus characterized by its leading symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Gehrmann, J; Ignacy, E; Reimer, I; Siegler, D, 2017) |
| "Narcolepsy is an orphan neurological disease and presents with sleep-wake, motoric, neuropsychiatric and metabolic symptoms." | ( Bassetti, CL; Kallweit, U, 2017) |
| "Narcolepsy is a lifelong neurological disorder with onset commonly in childhood or adolescence." | ( Black, J; Dauvilliers, Y; Guinta, D; Lecendreux, M; Mignot, E; Parvataneni, R; Plazzi, G; Rosen, CL; Ruoff, C; Wang, YG, 2018) |
| "Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and rapid eye movement sleep dysregulation, manifesting as cataplexy and sleep paralysis, as well as hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations." | ( Centonze, D; Franco, V; Lo Giudice, T; Romigi, A; Vitrani, G, 2018) |
| "Childhood narcolepsy is associated with various emotional, behavioural and cognitive dysfunctions as well as with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders: anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychosis." | ( Dudova, I; Hrdlicka, M; Mohaplova, M; Nevsimalova, S; Prihodova, I, 2018) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized in humans by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy." | ( Dauvilliers, Y; Franco, P; Guyon, A; Inocente, CO; Lin, JS; Plancoulaine, S; Raverot, V; Villanueva, C, 2019) |
| "Narcolepsy is a disabling sleep-wake disorder characterized by the pentad symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, sleep fragmentation, sleep-related hallucinations, and cataplexy." | ( Kelly-Pieper, K; Kothare, SV; Morse, AM, 2019) |
| "Narcolepsy is a common sleep disorder in Western countries but rarely reported from India." | ( Kanabar, K; Ray, A; Sharma, SK; Upadhyay, V, 2018) |
| "Narcolepsy is an uncommon neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and multiple other symptoms." | ( Al-Jebrin, S; Al-Rahbeeni, O; Alageel, M; Alkaff, H; Almeneessier, AS; BaHammam, AS; Labani, R; Olaish, A, 2019) |
| "Narcolepsy is a life-long neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy." | ( Chen, BB; Jin, L; Liu, YH; Shi, L; Wang, XL; Zhang, Y, 2019) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic and debilitating sleep disorder characterized by cataplexy and excessive daytime sleeping." | ( Li, ZX; Liu, Y; Wei, YD; Xu, XM, 2019) |
| "Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by a loss of hypocretin neurons in the hypothalamus." | ( Mayeli, M; Mohammadi, S; Rezaei, N; Saghazadeh, A, 2020) |
| "Narcolepsy is a central disorder of hypersomnolence with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and cataplexy." | ( Murray, BJ; Narang, I; Parmar, A, 2020) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by a pentad of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and disturbed nocturnal sleep." | ( de Biase, S; Gigli, GL; Pellitteri, G; Valente, M, 2021) |
| "Narcolepsy is the most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) following obstructive sleep apnea." | ( Lou, G; Wang, T; Xu, Q; Zhang, L, 2020) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological and a genetic disorder of autoimmune origin, which is characterized by five main symptoms, including excessive day time sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone or cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and disturbed nocturnal sleep." | ( Kachooei-Mohaghegh-Yaghoobi, L; Rezaei-Rad, F; Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, K; Zamani, M, 2022) |
| "Narcolepsy is the second most common sleep disorder." | ( Escalona Belmonte, JJ; Guerrero Orriach, JL; Malo Manso, A; Romero Molina, S; Sepúlveda Haro, E, 2021) |
| "Narcolepsy is a rare, chronic, and disabling central nervous system hypersomnia; two forms can be recognized: narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2)." | ( Cavalli, F; Franceschini, C; Pizza, F; Plazzi, G, 2021) |
| "Narcolepsy is an uncommon hypothalamic disorder of presumed autoimmune origin that usually requires lifelong treatment." | ( Baldin, E; Bassetti, CLA; Dauvilliers, Y; Dolenc-Groselj, L; Jennum, P; Kallweit, U; Khatami, R; Lammers, GJ; Lecendreux, M; Manconi, M; Mayer, G; Partinen, M; Plazzi, G; Pollmächer, T; Reading, P; Santamaria, J; Sonka, K; Vignatelli, L, 2021) |
| "Narcolepsy is an uncommon hypothalamic disorder of presumed autoimmune origin that usually requires lifelong treatment." | ( Baldin, E; Bassetti, CLA; Dauvilliers, Y; Dolenc-Groselj, L; Jennum, P; Kallweit, U; Khatami, R; Lammers, GJ; Lecendreux, M; Manconi, M; Mayer, G; Partinen, M; Plazzi, G; Pollmächer, T; Reading, P; Santamaria, J; Sonka, K; Vignatelli, L, 2021) |
| "People with narcolepsy are often sleepy during the day." | ( Black, J; Bogan, RK; Chen, A; Dauvilliers, Y; Del Rio Villegas, R; Foldvary-Schaefer, N; Partinen, M; Skobieranda, F; Skowronski, R; Šonka, K; Thorpy, MJ, 2022) |
| "Narcolepsy is a chronic and rare hypersomnia of central origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and a complex array of symptoms as well as by several medical comorbidities." | ( Agostoni, EC; Blanchard, N; Bonanni, E; Brunetti, V; Centonze, D; Cicolin, A; Della Marca, G; Ferini-Strambi, L; Ferri, R; Figorilli, M; Gigli, GL; Izzi, F; Lecomte, I; Liguori, C; Liguori, R; Lodi, R; Mutti, C; Nobili, L; Parrino, L; Pedrazzi, G; Pizza, F; Placidi, F; Plazzi, G; Proserpio, P; Puligheddu, M; Romigi, A; Sacco, T; Savarese, MA; Terzaghi, M, 2022) |
| "Type 1 narcolepsy is a disabling disease that requires continuous treatment, which is not always effective." | ( Del Río-Villegas, R; Gaig-Ventura, C; Gómez-Barrera, M; Martínez-Orozco, FJ; Romero-Santo Tomás, O; Yébenes-Cortés, M, 2022) |
| "Narcolepsy is a life-long disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, often arising in childhood or adolescence." | ( Caussé, C; Dauvilliers, Y; Franco, P; Lammers, GJ; Lecendreux, M; Lecomte, I; Lecomte, JM; Lehert, P; Plazzi, G; Poluektov, M; Schwartz, JC, 2023) |