Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:12:01

histological dye

A dye used in microscopic or electron microscopic examination of cells and tissues to give contrast and to highlight particular features of interest, such as nuclei and cytoplasm.

ChEBI ID: 77178

Members (53)

MemberDefinitionClass
3,3'-diaminobenzidineA member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.3,3'-diaminobenzidine
acridine orangeA member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.acridine orange free base
acriflavine chlorideThe 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride
alcian yellowAn organic chloride salt composed of {diazenediylbis[(4,1-phenylene)(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2,5-diyl)methylenesulfanediyl]}bis[(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylmethaniminium] and chloride ions in a 1:2 ratio.alcian yellow
alizarin red sAn organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.alizarin red S
aurintricarboxylic acidA member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.aurintricarboxylic acid
azocarmine gAn organic sodium salt having 7-phenyl-5-(4-sulfonatoanilino)benzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-3-sulfonate as the couterion.azocarmine G
basic blue kAn iminium salt composed of 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)naphthalen-1-yl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.victoria blue R
benzophenoneidumA hydrochloride obtained by combining 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethylaniline) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A fluorescent stain for demonstrating acid fast organisms in a method similar to the Ziehl Neelsen. It also can be used to make a fluorescent Schiff reagent.auramine O
biebrich scarletAn organic sodium salt having 2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a plasma stain in Masson's trichrome.Biebrich scarlet
brazilinA organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood).brazilin
brilliant croceinAn organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-{[4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl]diazenyl}naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. Occasionally used for the demonstration of muscle fibres in conjunction with, or as a replacement for, acid fuchsin.woodstain scarlet
brilliant greenAn organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion.brilliant green
c.i. direct red 80An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red F3B (acid form) with six equivalents of sodium hydroxide. A polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid.Sirius red F3B
carmineA tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It is a natural dye isolated from several insects such as Dactylopius coccus.carminic acid
chromotrope 2rAn organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid. It is used as the plasma stain in trichrome techniques.acid red 29
eosine i bluishAn organic sodium salt which is the disodium salt of eosin b diphenol.eosin b
eosine yellowish-(ys)An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.eosin YS dye
ethyl violetAn organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of ethyl violet cation. Used for inclusion in mixed dye solutions of the iron resorcin fuchsin type for demonstrating elastic fibres.ethyl violet
evans blueAn organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.Evans blue
fast blue bThe aromatic diazonium ion formed from diazotisation of 3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine.fast blue B
fast green fcfAn organic sodium salt having 2-{(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)[4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]iminio}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl}-5-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a substitute for Light green SF yellowish in Masson's trichrome as it is less likely to fade, and is more brilliant in colour. Also used as a food colouring agent.Fast green FCF
galleinA xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'.gallein
gardenia yellowA diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.crocin-1
gentian violetAn organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.crystal violet
hematoxylinAn organic heterotetracyclic compound 7,11b-dihydroindeno[2,1-c]chromene carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 6a, 9 and 10. The most important and most used dye in histology, histochemistry, histopathology and in cytology.haematoxylin
iodonitrotetrazoliumAn organic chloride salt having iodonitrotetrazolium as the counterion.iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
light green sfAn organic sodium salt having 3-[(ethyl{4-[(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)(4-sulfonatophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene}azaniumyl)methyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. It is the standard dye in North American for staining collagen and is also used extensively in plant histology.acid green 5
lissamine rhodamine bAn organic sodium salt having 4-[3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthenium-9-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate as the counterion.lissamine rhodamine
malachite greenAn organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.malachite green
metanil yellowAn organic sodium salt having 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used in one variant of Masson's trichrome to stain collagen yellow in contrast to the red muscle, but is not in common used.metanil yellow
methylene blueAn organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.methylene blue
methylene greenAn organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It stains nuclei green and is sometimes used as a counterstain to red or purple primary stains.methylene green
naphthol yellowA naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid substituted by nitro groups at positions 5 and 7 as well as a hydroxy group at position 8. The disodium salt is the biological stain 'naphthol yellow S'.flavianic acid
new fuchsinA hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the minor constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, rosanilin and magenta II.new fuchsin
nile redAn organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.nile red
nuclear fast redAn organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of 4-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonic acid. It forms bright red lakes with calcium and is a useful red nuclear staining lake with aluminum.nuclear fast red
osmium tetroxideAn osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.osmium tetroxide
phenosafranineAn organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria red in smears to contrast with the blue Gram positive organisms.phenosafranine
ponceau sAn organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3-hydroxy-4-({2-sulfo-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid.Ponceau S
primulineAn organic sodium salt having 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl[2,6'-bi-1,3-benzothiazole]-7-sulfonate as the counterion.primuline
purpurinA trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4.purpurin
pyronineAn organic chloride salt having 6-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Used with methyl green to selectively demonstrate RNA (red) in contrast to DNA (green) with the Unna-Pappenheim method.pyronin Y
pyronine bAn organic chloride salt having 6-(diethylamino)-N,N-diethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Depending on the mode of manufacture, pyronin B also exists in the form of an FeCl3 complex.pyronin B
red 2gAn organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid.azophloxine
rhodamine bAn organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.rhodamine B
safranine tAn organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.safranin O
scarlet redA bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.Sudan IV
sudan black bA member of the class of perimidines that is 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine carrying a [4-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-1-yl]diazenyl substituent at position 6. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections and for staining of protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.Sudan black B
sudan iiiA bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.Sudan III
thioflavin tAn organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.thioflavine T
victoria blue 4rAn iminium salt composed of 4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]{4-[methyl(phenyl)amino]naphthalen-1-yl}methylidene)-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. It binds to nucleic acids and can be used in standardised staining techniques suitable for automated cell-pattern recognition.victoria blue 4R
victoria blue bAn iminium salt composed of 4-{(4-anilinonaphthalen-1-yl)[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. It binds to nucleic acids and can be used in standardised staining techniques suitable for automated cell-pattern recognition.victoria blue B

Research

Studies (29,038)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19906,808 (23.45)18.7374
1990's4,320 (14.88)18.2507
2000's5,959 (20.52)29.6817
2010's8,557 (29.47)24.3611
2020's3,394 (11.69)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials600 (1.79%)5.53%
Reviews796 (2.38%)6.00%
Case Studies1,299 (3.88%)4.05%
Observational40 (0.12%)0.25%
Other30,765 (91.84%)84.16%

Protein Targets (378)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.674616
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.633016
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutaseLeishmania major strain FriedlinPotency30.131311
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency11.1687215
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.4934432
acid sphingomyelinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.905412
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.542115
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.629717
alpha synuclein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.151511
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.600615
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency10.186614
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.17091099
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.3257220
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.279635
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.770417
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency8.315257
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.703329
beta-amyloid peptide, A beta {N-terminal} [human, cerebrospinal fluid, conditioned medium of mixed-brain cell cultures, Peptide Partial, 33 aa]Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.150011
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.975849
BRCA1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.443312
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.805115
C-terminal-binding protein 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.381411
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine proteaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.161517
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.981111
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency6.382914
caspase-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.161517
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency6.382914
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.162311
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.7676319
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.799425
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.558919
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.7323412
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency8.912522
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.863725
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency22.177726
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency43.254125
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.518626
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.860318
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.2230316
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency18.487618
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.3463215
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.518626
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homologHomo sapiens (human)Potency46.590912
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.326128
ClpPBacillus subtilisPotency21.671211
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.860822
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.128915
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.304514
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.2495214
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.804127
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.7053117
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.194513
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.333125
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.596211
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.548515
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.3652211
DNA polymerase III, partialBacillus subtilisPotency3.358711
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.6605213
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.3203219
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency1.473322
Endothelin receptor type BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency12.380712
Endothelin-1 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency12.380712
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.071012126
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.4379211
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.4590787
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.9620111
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency46.188824
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.0960415
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency44.668411
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.0013316
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.782811
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency13.128915
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
galactokinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.125411
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.249517
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.4619312
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.3801323
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.822314
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.752425
glucocerebrosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.403068
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.1357418
glucokinase regulatory proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.699233
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.182912
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency21.0384218
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.182912
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.182912
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.151511
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.151511
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.151511
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.151511
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.151511
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chainHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.932014
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.413112
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.491727
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.6385210
hemoglobin subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.215533
hexokinase-4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.699233
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency16.7051211
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.681117
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.6170221
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency42.8083232
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.972214
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.128915
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.018713
hypothetical protein, conservedTrypanosoma bruceiPotency16.978338
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.4771211
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.675833
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.002616
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.082625
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.1289110
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency9.260128
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.106012
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.106012
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.2018313
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency66.824211
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.283613
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.085012
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency12.812713
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform IHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.319015
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.180011
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.180011
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency27.3965325
luciferasePhoturis pensylvanica (Pennsylania firefly)Potency9.200413
luteinizing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency84.921411
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.162311
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.207812
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.5502318
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.4881211
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.397213
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.182433
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency4.466811
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.562311
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.4731428
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.700628
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency40.517413
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.693015
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.839512
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency13.353929
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.011911
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.0181344
Ornithine decarboxylaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.158511
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.881612
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.9541410
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency4.948724
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency67.455511
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.0030517
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.2068517
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency14.638339
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency62.238636
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.585513
Platelet-activating factor receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810712
polyproteinZika virusPotency17.782811
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.463713
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.026214
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.812713
PPM1D proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.050314
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.7636313
pregnane X receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.649313
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.9070215
pyruvate kinaseLeishmania mexicana mexicanaPotency12.380724
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810722
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform bHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.158522
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency55.306828
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency70.379625
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency18.5527229
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.372712
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.456415
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.1667336
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.5412421
RGS12Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1bHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.860822
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.516945
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.876416
Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency79.373524
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.8274210
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.8274210
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.046015
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.082625
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency20.654214
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.449417
T cell receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.027612
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.252015
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.4908236
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency29.521613
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency26.328828
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.162322
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency22.6752339
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.1544411
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.3277763
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.231538
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.193013
TSHR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.503522
tumor necrosis factorHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.163211
tumor susceptibility gene 101 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.636538
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.883737
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.585513
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency1.585513
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.1438211
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.7587217
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.7793312
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.8507112
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency23.2703116
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency22.314317
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.166928

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
10 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC505.824528
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC508.042514
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC502.627011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.751011
60 kDa chaperoninEscherichia coli K-12IC50227.750014
60 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC505.824528
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC508.042514
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC505.847011
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)IC503.365011
Adenosine receptor A2aHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.889011
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)IC504.166011
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.355011
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.333022
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.355011
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.333022
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.355011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.980011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.500011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.973011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.536011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.201011
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.258011
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.574011
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.884011
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.274011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC5030.926766
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.422011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)IC5062.050044
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.550022
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.963366
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC505.570011
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki3.713011
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5049.875024
B1 bradykinin receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5059.640011
bcrHomo sapiens (human)IC5035.070011
Beta lactamase (plasmid)Pseudomonas aeruginosaIC5035.222522
caspase recruitment domain family, member 15Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.895011
caspase-3 isoform a preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5016.900012
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)IC5016.900012
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS5Dengue virus 2 16681-PDK53IC5017.360011
Chain E, Fibrin beta chainHomo sapiens (human)IC5046.288524
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.800011
Complement component C9Homo sapiens (human)IC500.500011
core protein, partialIC5049.751011
CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziIC5055.250044
Cystathionine beta-synthaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50181.800044
Cystathionine gamma-lyaseHomo sapiens (human)IC5094.50001010
Cystathionine gamma-lyaseMus musculus (house mouse)IC5043.200011
Cystathionine gamma-lyaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.600011
Cysteine protease ATG4BHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.475044
Cytochrome P450 1A1Homo sapiens (human)IC505.500011
Cytochrome P450 1B1Homo sapiens (human)IC502.200011
Cytochrome P450 1B1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.700011
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)IC500.824411
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC503.633711
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC503.102011
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.551011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC503.178011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.059011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.831011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.282011
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC501.800011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)IC501,000.000011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrialSus scrofa (pig)IC501,000.000011
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.460011
DNA polymerase etaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.075011
DNA polymerase iotaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.075011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homologHomo sapiens (human)IC505.000011
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonucleaseHomo sapiens (human)IC503.370033
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylaseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.060011
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.922011
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.824011
Epidermal growth factor receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.473011
Female germline-specific tumor suppressor gld-1Caenorhabditis elegansIC506.688011
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform bHomo sapiens (human)IC5055.600012
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonasePlasmodium bergheiIC5021.023336
Glutathione reductasePlasmodium falciparum 3D7IC506.400011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC5016.200022
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
Histamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.155011
Histamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.136011
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)IC505.400011
integrase, partialHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5019.240522
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50282.900011
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.540011
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.616011
large T antigenBetapolyomavirus macacaeIC503.295012
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75Homo sapiens (human)IC5019.240522
Luciferin 4-monooxygenasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)IC5011.040055
major prion protein preproprotein Prp precursorHomo sapiens (human)IC5013.956011
matrix metalloproteinase-14 preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5043.366723
Mcl-1Homo sapiens (human)IC503.439311
metallo beta-lactamasePseudomonas aeruginosaIC5059.640011
metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1Pseudomonas aeruginosaIC5059.640011
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)IC509.425044
MPI proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5026.374011
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC502.145011
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC503.300011
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.871011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)IC501.095011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)Ki500.132022
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.430011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.508011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)IC504.330011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.918011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)IC501.005011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.140011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)IC500.535011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.384011
Myc proto-oncogene proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5014.060011
neutrophil cytosol factor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.390011
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1))IC5013.823512
nuclear receptor corepressor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.025011
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.025011
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC502.300011
phospholipase A2, group IIIHomo sapiens (human)IC5040.587011
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5039.841012
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusIC50140.000011
putative polyproteinIC5016.669522
Pyruvate kinase PKLRHomo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
Pyruvate kinase PKMHomo sapiens (human)IC50340.000011
rac GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC5036.483323
receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.895011
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2IC504.980011
RevHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5075.434011
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50200.000011
rho GTPase-activating protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5022.080011
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Homo sapiens (human)IC504.069011
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.233011
Substance-K receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.679011
Substance-K receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.560011
TatHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5011.696011
Telomerase reverse transcriptaseHomo sapiens (human)IC5012.200033
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)IC5030.000011
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferaseHomo sapiens (human)IC5031.750014
TransthyretinHomo sapiens (human)IC5011.500012
Tyrosine-protein kinase FynHomo sapiens (human)IC502.148011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 1Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CIC5024.600012
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5020.650012
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.017022
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.040011
VifHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC500.460011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AlbuminHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.500011
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)EC5060.400011
alkaline phosphatase, intestinalHomo sapiens (human)EC5050.000011
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)EC5085.700011
Cystathionine gamma-lyaseHomo sapiens (human)Kd3.400011
endoribonuclease toxin MazFEscherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655EC5044.333323
G-protein coupled receptor 55Homo sapiens (human)EC500.500011
insulin-degrading enzyme isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5054.729524
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursorMus musculus (house mouse)EC5062.100011
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)EC500.360022
POsterior SegregationCaenorhabditis elegansEC50186.681011
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvEC5078.650022
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)EC50113.886011
Zinc finger protein mex-5Caenorhabditis elegansEC50113.886011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AlbuminBos taurus (cattle)Kdiss2.900011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocatorHomo sapiens (human)AC500.734011
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidaseHomo sapiens (human)AC501.600011
CDK5Homo sapiens (human)AC5014.915012
Cell death-related nuclease 4Caenorhabditis elegansINH100.000011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)Homo sapiens (human)AC5014.915012
Cystathionine gamma-lyaseHomo sapiens (human)alphaKi4.200011
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7Homo sapiens (human)AC502.960011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)Km49.000011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrialSus scrofa (pig)Km28.000011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform aHomo sapiens (human)AC500.936011
FATTY-ACID-CoA LIGASE FADD28 (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHETASE) (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHASE)Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC502.730011
Glucocorticoid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kis453.000011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Km6.300011
H3 histone acetyltransferaseCandida albicans SC5314AC506.080011
heat shock protein 90, putativePlasmodium falciparum 3D7AC500.735011
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)AC500.570011
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)AC5010.505012
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]Plasmodium falciparum 3D7AbsAC1000_uM1.003011
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CACandida albicans SC5314AC506.080011
LANAHuman gammaherpesvirus 8AC505.819333
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)2nd Test Concentration0.720011
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunitHomo sapiens (human)Concentration100.000011
protein AF-9 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)AC502.116512
replicative DNA helicaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC5058.180022
Ribonuclease TEscherichia coli K-12INH10.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)Activity7.700011
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)Km95.000011
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3Homo sapiens (human)AC500.734011