A solvent with a comparatively high relative permittivity (or dielectric constant), greater than ca. 15, and a sizable permanent dipole moment, that cannot donate suitably labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds.
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|
| 2-nitropropane | A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC). | 2-nitropropane |
| acetone | A methyl ketone that consists of propane bearing an oxo group at C2. | acetone |
| acetonitrile | A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | acetonitrile |
| acrylonitrile | A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an ethenyl group. | acrylonitrile |
| dimethyl sulfoxide | A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| dimethylformamide | A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | N,N-dimethylformamide |
| ethyl acetate | The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | ethyl acetate |
| isobutyronitrile | An aliphatic nitrile that is acetonitrile in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. | isobutyronitrile |
| methyl acetate | An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils. | methyl acetate |
| methyl formate | A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops. | methyl formate |
| methylene chloride | A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | dichloromethane |
| methylethyl ketone | A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2. | butan-2-one |
| n-methylpyrrolidone | A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. | N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one |
| nitromethane | A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. | nitromethane |
| propionitrile | A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. | propionitrile |
| sulfolane | A member of the class of tetrahydrothiophenes that is tetrahydrothiophene in which the sulfur has been oxidised to give the corresponding sulfone. A colourless, high-boiling (285degreeC) liquid that is miscible with both water and hydrocarbons, it is used as an industrial solvent, particularly for the purification of hydrocarbon mixtures by liquid-vapour extraction. | sulfolane |
| tetrahydrofuran | A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | oxolane |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.9458 | 1 | 2 |
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.3613 | 1 | 2 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.9212 | 1 | 7 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.0585 | 1 | 1 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.9385 | 1 | 1 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.9385 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.8640 | 1 | 3 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.7168 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.7168 | 2 | 2 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.5849 | 4 | 7 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1918 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.6599 | 1 | 3 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.5223 | 1 | 1 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.3176 | 2 | 5 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.9288 | 2 | 3 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.0291 | 2 | 2 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 6.3096 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1206 | 1 | 2 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.3710 | 3 | 7 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.4116 | 3 | 3 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 58.4310 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.1878 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 84.2790 | 1 | 2 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.1387 | 1 | 1 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 9.0363 | 1 | 3 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.2427 | 2 | 12 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3,333.8116 | 3 | 6 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.0796 | 2 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 33.0656 | 3 | 5 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.2123 | 3 | 8 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0138 | 1 | 1 |