Page last updated: 2024-10-24

L-aspartate transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore. [PMID:21307582]

L-aspartate transmembrane transport is a crucial process for cellular metabolism, enabling the uptake and export of this essential amino acid across cell membranes. It is a complex mechanism involving specialized membrane proteins known as aspartate transporters. These transporters function as selective gates, facilitating the movement of L-aspartate across the membrane against its concentration gradient, which requires energy. The transport process can be driven by various mechanisms:

- **Active transport:** This mechanism utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to power the movement of L-aspartate against its concentration gradient. Active transport systems typically involve a protein pump that binds L-aspartate on one side of the membrane, uses ATP to change its conformation, and then releases L-aspartate on the other side.

- **Secondary active transport:** This mechanism couples the movement of L-aspartate with the movement of another molecule, like protons or sodium ions, down its concentration gradient. This coupled movement provides the energy needed to move L-aspartate against its concentration gradient.

- **Facilitated diffusion:** This mechanism utilizes transmembrane proteins that bind L-aspartate and facilitate its movement across the membrane down its concentration gradient. This process does not require energy but relies on the concentration difference to drive the transport.

The specific mechanism of L-aspartate transmembrane transport varies depending on the cell type and the physiological context. However, the overarching goal remains the same: to ensure an appropriate supply of L-aspartate for intracellular processes like protein synthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and energy production.

L-aspartate transport is essential for various physiological functions, including:

- **Neurotransmission:** L-aspartate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its transport across neuronal membranes is critical for synaptic transmission.

- **Muscle contraction:** L-aspartate is involved in the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell, which is essential for muscle contraction.

- **Liver function:** The liver plays a key role in L-aspartate metabolism, and its transport across liver cell membranes is crucial for detoxification and amino acid biosynthesis.

- **Kidney function:** L-aspartate transport is vital for maintaining proper electrolyte balance and removing excess L-aspartate from the body.

Disruptions in L-aspartate transmembrane transport can lead to various health problems, including neurological disorders, muscle weakness, and metabolic imbalances. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and regulation of this process is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3An excitatory amino acid transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43005]Homo sapiens (human)
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2An excitatory amino acid transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43004]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (15)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidalpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
cysteinecysteine;
cysteine zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
aspartic acidaspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent

Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamic acidglutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.

Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
sym 2081
dihydrokainatedicarboxylic acid
serine o-sulfateL-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.

serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-sulfoamino acid
hinokininhinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).

hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg
benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan
trypanocidal drug
3-hydroxyaspartic acid, (threo-l)-isomer(3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid : The (3S)-diastereomer of 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid.3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acidmetabolite
2-amino-3-phenylmethoxybutanedioic acidaspartic acid derivative
l-ccg iii
dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate
ceftriaxone1,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
l-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartateL-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate: structure in first source
ucph 1012-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source