Page last updated: 2024-09-21

benzidine

Description

benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID7111
CHEMBL ID15901
CHEBI ID80495
SCHEMBL ID29021
MeSH IDM0094971

Synonyms (120)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0832
[4-(4-aminophenyl)-phenyl]-amine
IFLAB1_004231
AC-907/25014310
IDI1_009986
OPREA1_312205
[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine
biphenyl-4,4'-diamine
biphenyl,4,4'-diamino
inchi=1/c12h12n2/c13-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)10-3-7-12(14)8-4-10/h1-8h,13-14h
NCGC00091340-01
1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine
rcra waste no. u021
ccris 71
ci azoic diazo component 112
(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine
benzioine
rcra waste number u021
biphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-
benzidina [italian]
nci-c03361
4,4'-diamino-1,1'-biphenyl
p,p'-dianiline
hsdb 948
un1885
ai3-00140
brn 0742770
c.i. 37225
p-benzidine
nsc 146476
ci 37225
einecs 202-199-1
benzidine base
p,p-bianiline
benzidin [czech]
benzydyna [polish]
STK317796
nsc146476
benzidine
[1,4'-diamine
p,p'-diaminobiphenyl
c.i. azoic diazo component 112
wln: zr dr dz
nsc-146476
p,p'-bianiline
4,4'-diaminobiphenyl
benzidin
4,4'-diaminodiphenyl
benzidina
p-diaminodiphenyl
4,4'-biphenyldiamine
4,4'-diphenylenediamine
biphenyl,4'-diamino-
92-87-5
benzydyna
fast corinth base b
4,4'-biphenylenediamine
4,4'-bianiline
benzidine, >=98.0% (n)
benzidine, isopac(r), >=98.0% (n)
AKOS000118878
4-(4-aminophenyl)aniline
CHEMBL15901
chebi:80495 ,
smr000033596
MLS002303016
A844372
NCGC00091340-03
NCGC00091340-02
unii-2x02101hvf
2x02101hvf ,
benzidine [un1885] [poison]
4-13-00-00364 (beilstein handbook reference)
HMS3091M16
NCGC00254474-01
dtxsid2020137 ,
tox21_202359
NCGC00259908-01
tox21_300405
dtxcid80137
cas-92-87-5
BBL013163
CCG-202856
AKOS016402822
SCHEMBL29021
benzidine, dyes metabolized to [iarc]
benzidine [hsdb]
benzidine [iarc]
benzidine [mi]
phenylbutazone impurity e [ep impurity]
p,p'-diaminodiphenyl
4.4'- diaminobiphenyl
W-204254
4'-amino[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylamine #
un 1885
biphenyl,4,4'-diamino-
biphenyl -4,4'-ylenediamine
mfcd00039765
F1679-0261
sr-01000596939
SR-01000596939-1
benzidine, analytical standard
benzidine, purum p.a., >=98.0% (n)
4,4'-benzidine 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
4,4'-benzidine 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
4,4'-benzidine
4, 4'-biphenylenediamine
{[1,} 1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine
[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (acd/name 4.0)
4'-amino[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylamine (acd/name 4.0)
Q410066
YSWG265
AS-17227
benzidine solution, 2000 in dichloromethane, 1 ml second source
benzidine 2000 microg/ml in dichloromethane
benzidine, 95%
26997-10-4
EN300-18328
benzidine-d8
Z57901921

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Benzidine (BZ) is a known animal and human carcinogen, and is mutagenic in the Ames test using strain TA 98. "( Hubert, JJ; Josephy, PD; Light, HC; Mattano, SS; Weber, WW, 1987)
"Benzidine was shown to be a potent clastogen in liver, the target organ, as opposed to its reported weak activity in the bone marrow."( Au, WW; Legator, MS; Randerath, K; Talaska, G; Ward, JB, 1987)

Effects

ExcerptReference
"Benzidine test has significant influence on DNA analysis of bloodstain. "( Ba, HJ; Jin, M; Lin, ZQ; Liu, YN; Ma, J; Shi, JW; Zhu, AH, 2018)
"Benzidine has been marked as a priority chemical on the National Priorities List by the U.S. "( Chen, S; Nyman, MC, 2009)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Benzidine (but not AAF) treatment enhanced sterol synthesis in C57BL/6, but not in BALB/c, mice."( Depass, LR; Morris, MD, 1982)

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
carcinogenic agentA role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
biphenylsBenzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond.
substituted aniline
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (48)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.004023.8416100.0000AID485290
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency79.18640.007215.758889.3584AID1224835
pregnane X receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency44.66840.025127.9203501.1870AID651751
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency26.79870.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.35487.935539.8107AID624170
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.18030.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259247; AID743042; AID743054
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.44740.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.50410.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.93200.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.29830.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.33590.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.88600.000229.305416,493.5996AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743069; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.65250.023723.228263.5986AID743222; AID743223
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.39180.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.73030.001723.839378.1014AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.45850.001628.015177.1139AID1224843; AID1224895; AID1259385
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency50.36620.039147.5451146.8240AID1224845; AID1224896
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00790.316212.443531.6228AID924
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.66840.010039.53711,122.0200AID588545
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.03530.037617.082361.1927AID1259364; AID1259388
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency67.82310.000627.21521,122.0200AID743219
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency3.85710.001557.789015,848.9004AID1259244
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00790.316211.415731.6228AID924
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00790.316211.415731.6228AID924
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.85710.001551.739315,848.9004AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95261.995325.532750.1187AID624287
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.44740.011917.942071.5630AID651632; AID720516
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.44740.011912.222168.7989AID651632
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.11891.000012.224831.6228AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
rac GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)7.39007.390057.8904301.2400AID624330
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)Km460.00007.00007.00007.0000AID214939
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (97)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate junction assemblyIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storageIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid transportIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
tube developmentIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
wound healingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic cell clearanceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorptionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorptionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
mesodermal cell differentiationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic processIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxisIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin uptakeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in wound healingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structureIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trappingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of trophoblast cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of extracellular matrix organizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic processIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte migrationIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
bilirubin conjugationUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular glucuronidationUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 metabolic processUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damageATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switchingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypesATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloadingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (34)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
fibroblast growth factor bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuregulin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein disulfide isomerase activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid bindingUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronosyltransferase activityUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (41)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
glutamatergic synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta3 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
glycinergic synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complexIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulumUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Elg1 RFC-like complexATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (28)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID231796Ratio of cytotoxicity against L6 cells to that of antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9
Bisguanidine, bis(2-aminoimidazoline), and polyamine derivatives as potent and selective chemotherapeutic agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation.
AID167929Carcinogenic activity on all sites after subcutaneous administration1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines.
AID214939Binding affinity against human UDP Glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4)2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Pharmacophore and quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling: complementary approaches for the rationalization and prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 substrate selectivity.
AID168102Compound was tested for carcinogenic activity on mixed data after subcutaneous administration of the compound; + denotes carcinogenic activity.1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines.
AID346025Binding affinity to beta cyclodextrin2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2
Convenient QSAR model for predicting the complexation of structurally diverse compounds with beta-cyclodextrins.
AID1452659Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.5 mM preincubated for 5 mins followed by addition of L-dopamine as substrate measured after 30 mins relative to control2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 134Organocatalyzed and mechanochemical solvent-free synthesis of novel and functionalized bis-biphenyl substituted thiazolidinones as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: SAR and molecular modeling studies.
AID167943Carcinogenic activity on breast after subcutaneous administration1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines.
AID168115Carcinogenic activity on other sites after subcutaneous administration1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines.
AID213470In vitro antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9
Bisguanidine, bis(2-aminoimidazoline), and polyamine derivatives as potent and selective chemotherapeutic agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation.
AID310933Permeability across PAMPA membrane after 7 hrs2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-22, Volume: 50, Issue:4
In silico and in vitro filters for the fast estimation of skin permeation and distribution of new chemical entities.
AID624607Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A32000Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID19262Aqueous solubility2000Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-05, Volume: 10, Issue:11
Prediction of drug solubility from Monte Carlo simulations.
AID310931Partition coefficient, log P of the compound2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-22, Volume: 50, Issue:4
In silico and in vitro filters for the fast estimation of skin permeation and distribution of new chemical entities.
AID99665Cytotoxic activity against rat L6 cells2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9
Bisguanidine, bis(2-aminoimidazoline), and polyamine derivatives as potent and selective chemotherapeutic agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation.
AID624608Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A42000Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID168090Carcinogenic activity on liver after subcutaneous administration1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines.
AID167956Carcinogenic activity on ear duct after subcutaneous administration1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (466)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990220 (47.21)18.7374
1990's102 (21.89)18.2507
2000's89 (19.10)29.6817
2010's48 (10.30)24.3611
2020's7 (1.50)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials5 (0.98%)5.53%
Reviews18 (3.54%)6.00%
Case Studies4 (0.79%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other481 (94.69%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (7)

ArticleYear
Effects of dose and human N-acetyltransferase 1 genetic polymorphism in benzidine metabolism and genotoxicity.
Archives of toxicology, Volume: 97, Issue: 6
2023
RNA Interference Protects Against 5-Lipoxygenase-Induced Cocarcinogen, Benzidine, Oxidation and Cytotoxicity in Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells.
International journal of toxicology, Volume: 33, Issue: 4
2014
Evidence that 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, and benzidine congeners produce genotoxicity through reactive oxygen species.
Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, Volume: 48, Issue: 5
2007
Detection of gentoxicity of benzidine and its derivatives with the Escherichia coli DJ 702 lacZ reversion mutagenicity assay.
Letters in applied microbiology, Volume: 43, Issue: 1
2006
Assessment of genotoxicity of benzidine and its structural analogues to human lymphocytes using comet assay.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Volume: 72, Issue: 2
2003
Analysis of animal weight gains in chronic toxicity studies.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Volume: 7, Issue: 2
1981
The in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity of aromatic amines in relationship to the genotoxicity of benzidine.
Mutation research, Volume: 268, Issue: 2
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Dosage (14)

ArticleYear
Occupational exposure to chemical and petrochemical industries and bladder cancer risk in four western Canadian provinces.
Chronic diseases in Canada,Spring, Volume: 25, Issue: 2
2004
Separation and trace estimation of benzidine and its macromolecular adducts using supercritical fluid chromatography.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Oct-05, Volume: 795, Issue: 2
2003
In vitro percutaneous absorption of benzidine in complex mechanistically defined chemical mixtures.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Volume: 141, Issue: 2
1996
Carcinogenicity of benzidine, N,N'-diacetylbenzidine, and N-hydroxy-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine for female CD rats.
Carcinogenesis, Volume: 2, Issue: 8
1981
Benzidine dihydrochloride: risk assessment.
Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Volume: 4, Issue: 1
1984
Dose-response studies on neoplastic transformation of BALB/3T3 clone A31-1-1 cells by aflatoxin B1, benzidine, benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis, Volume: 3, Issue: 2
1983
Influence of genetic composition of test-animal populations on chronic toxicity studies used for risk estimation.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Volume: 15, Issue: 3-4
1985
Animal studies and prediction of human tumors can be aided by graphical sorting of animal data: neoplastic risk from B(a)P, benzene, benzidine, and chromium.
American journal of industrial medicine, Volume: 7, Issue: 3
1985
Activity of the human carcinogens benzidine and 2-naphthylamine in male mouse bone marrow micronucleus assays.
Mutagenesis, Volume: 3, Issue: 5
1988
Carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals induced chromosomal aberrations in the kidney cells of three cyprinids.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, Volume: 82, Issue: 2
1985
Mutation assays of ethyl methanesulphonate, benzidine and benzo[a]pyrene using Chinese hamster V79 cells.
Mutagenesis, Volume: 5 Suppl
1990
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Interactions (1)

ArticleYear
Thin-layer chromatography combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering for rapid detection of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl in migration from food contact materials based on gold nanoparticle doped metal-organic framework.
Journal of separation science, Volume: 43, Issue: 14
2020
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]